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If $S$ is a nonempty open connected subset of a topological space $T$, and if every point of $T$ that is a limit point of $S$ is in $S$, then $S = T$.
If $S$ is an open connected set, $w \in S$, $Y \subseteq X$, $X$ is a set of holomorphic functions on $S$, $X$ contains no functions that are identically $0$ or $1$, and $Y$ contains no functions that are bounded by $1$ at $w$, then there exists a constant $B$ such that for all $h \in Y$ and $z \in K$, we have $|h(z)| ...
If $f$ is holomorphic on the punctured disk of radius $k$ and if $f$ is bounded on every punctured disk of radius $e$ with $0 < e < k$, then $f$ is bounded on the punctured disk of radius $\epsilon$ with $0 < \epsilon < k$.
If $f$ is a holomorphic function on the punctured unit disk and $f(z) \neq 0$ and $f(z) \neq 1$ for all $z$ in the punctured unit disk, then there exists a positive number $e$ such that either $|f(z)| \leq B$ for all $z$ in the punctured disk of radius $e$ or $|f(z)| \geq B$ for all $z$ in the punctured disk of radius ...
If $f$ is holomorphic on an open set $M$ and $f(w) \neq 0$ and $f(w) \neq a$ for all $w \in M - \{z\}$, then either $f$ or $1/f$ is bounded on a punctured neighborhood of $z$.
If $f$ is holomorphic on an open set $M$ and $f$ does not take on the values $a$ and $b$, then either $f$ or $1/f$ has a limit at $z$.
If $f$ is a holomorphic function on an open set $M$ that does not have a limit at $z \in M$, then there exists a point $a$ such that $f$ is surjective on $M - \{z\}$ except possibly at $a$.
If $f$ is a holomorphic function on an open set $M$ that does not have a limit at $z \in M$, then there exists a point $a \in \mathbb{C}$ such that the set $\{x \in M - \{z\} : f(x) = a\}$ is infinite.
Suppose $f$ is a holomorphic function defined on an open set $M$ that does not have a limit at $z \in M$. Then the image of $f$ is dense in $\mathbb{C}$.
The interval $[0,1]$ is the union of the intervals $[0,1/2]$ and $[1/2,1]$.
The interval $[0,1]$ is the union of the intervals $[0,1/2]$ and $[1/2,1]$.
The image of a set $A$ under the function $x \mapsto (x, c)$ is equal to the Cartesian product of $A$ and the singleton set $\{c\}$.
The composition of the function $(x,y) \mapsto (f(x,y), g(x,y))$ with the function $(x,y) \mapsto x$ is the function $(x,y) \mapsto f(x,y)$.
$\mathrm{snd} \circ (x,y) \mapsto (f(x,y), g(x,y)) = (x,y) \mapsto g(x,y)$.
If $h$ is a continuous function from $T \times X$ to $Y$, then for any $t \in T$, the function $h(t, \cdot)$ is continuous from $X$ to $Y$.
If $h$ is a continuous map from $X \times Y$ to $Z$, then for any $t \in X$, the map $h(t, \cdot)$ is a continuous map from $Y$ to $Z$.
Two continuous maps $p, q: X \to Y$ are homotopic if and only if there exists a continuous map $h: [0,1] \times X \to Y$ such that $h(0,x) = p(x)$ and $h(1,x) = q(x)$ for all $x \in X$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$ and $P$ is a property of maps from $X$ to $Y$ such that any continuous map from $X$ to $Y$ with property $P$ also has property $Q$, then $f$ and $g$ are homotopic with property $Q$.
If two maps are homotopic, then they are both continuous.
If two maps $f$ and $g$ are homotopic, then they are both continuous.
If two maps $f$ and $g$ are homotopic with a property $P$, then $f$ and $g$ have property $P$.
If two continuous maps $f$ and $g$ are equal on the topological space $X$, then they are homotopic.
If two maps $f$ and $g$ are homotopic, then the image of $f$ is a subset of the codomain of $g$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$, then $g(X) \subseteq Y$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$ with property $P$, then they are also homotopic maps from $Z$ to $Y$ with property $P$, provided $Z$ is a subset of $X$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic with respect to a property $P$ on $X$ and $Y$, and $Y$ is a subset of $Z$, then $f$ and $g$ are homotopic with respect to $P$ on $X$ and $Z$.
A continuous map $f$ is homotopic to itself if and only if $f$ is continuous.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic, then $g$ and $f$ are homotopic.
Two continuous maps $f, g: X \to Y$ are homotopic if and only if $g, f: X \to Y$ are homotopic.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic and $g$ and $h$ are homotopic, then $f$ and $h$ are homotopic.
If $g \circ f$ is the identity on the topological space $X$, then $g \circ f$ is homotopic to the identity map on $X$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X_1$ to $X_2$ and $h$ is a continuous map from $X_2$ to $X_3$, then $h \circ f$ and $h \circ g$ are homotopic maps from $X_1$ to $X_3$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X_2$ to $X_3$, and $h$ is a continuous map from $X_1$ to $X_2$, then $f \circ h$ and $g \circ h$ are homotopic maps from $X_1$ to $X_3$.
If $f$ and $f'$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$ and $g$ and $g'$ are homotopic maps from $Y$ to $Z$, then $g \circ f$ and $g' \circ f'$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Z$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$ and $h$ is a continuous map from $W$ to $X$ such that $h(W) \subseteq X$, then $f \circ h$ and $g \circ h$ are homotopic maps from $W$ to $Y$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Y$ and $h$ is a continuous map from $Y$ to $Z$ such that $h(Y) \subseteq Z$, then $h \circ f$ and $h \circ g$ are homotopic maps from $X$ to $Z$.
If two maps are homotopic on a subspace, then they are homotopic on the whole space.
If $X$ is empty, then any two maps $f, g: X \to X'$ are homotopic.
If $X$ is empty, then $f$ and $g$ are homotopic if and only if $f$ and $g$ are both continuous.
The identity map on the empty set is homotopic to any other map.
Two constant maps are homotopic if and only if they map to the same path component.
If two continuous maps $f$ and $g$ are homotopic, then so are $f'$ and $g'$ if $f'$ and $g'$ are equal to $f$ and $g$ on the topological space $X$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic maps from $X_1$ to $Y_1$ and $X_2$ to $Y_2$, respectively, then the map $(x,y) \mapsto (f(x),g(y))$ is homotopic to the map $(x,y) \mapsto (f'(x),g'(y))$.
If $f_i$ and $g_i$ are homotopic maps from $X_i$ to $Y_i$ for each $i \in I$, then the product map $(f_i)_{i \in I}$ is homotopic to the product map $(g_i)_{i \in I}$.
Two continuous maps $f, g: S \to T$ are homotopic if and only if $S$ is empty or $T$ is path-connected and $f$ is homotopic to a constant map.
Two paths $p$ and $q$ are homotopic if and only if there exists a continuous function $h$ from the unit square to $S$ such that $h$ maps the boundary of the unit square to $p$ and $q$ and $h$ maps the interior of the unit square to $S$.
If two paths are homotopic, then they have the same starting point.
If two paths are homotopic, then they have the same endpoints.
If two paths are homotopic, then they are both paths.
If two paths are homotopic, then their images are contained in the same set.
Two paths are homotopic if and only if they are the same path.
If two paths are homotopic, then they are homotopic in the opposite direction.
Two paths $p$ and $q$ are homotopic if and only if $q$ and $p$ are homotopic.
If two paths are homotopic and a third path is homotopic to the second, then the third path is homotopic to the first.
If $p$ is a path in $s$ and $q$ is a path in $s$ such that $p(t) = q(t)$ for all $t \in [0,1]$, then $p$ and $q$ are homotopic paths in $s$.
If $p$ is a path in $s$ and $f$ is a continuous function from $[0,1]$ to $[0,1]$ such that $f(0) = 0$ and $f(1) = 1$, then the path $q$ defined by $q(t) = p(f(t))$ is homotopic to $p$.
If two paths are homotopic in a subset $s$ of a topological space $t$, then they are homotopic in $t$.
Suppose $p$ and $q$ are continuous functions from $[0,1] \times [0,1]$ to a topological space $X$. If $p(t)$ and $q(t)$ are paths in $X$ such that $p(t)$ ends at the same point as $q(t)$ starts for each $t \in [0,1]$, then the function $y \mapsto (p(x) +++ q(x))(y)$ is continuous.
If two paths are homotopic, then their reverses are homotopic.
The paths $p$ and $q$ are homotopic if and only if the paths $p^{-1}$ and $q^{-1}$ are homotopic.
If two paths $p$ and $q$ are homotopic, and two paths $p'$ and $q'$ are homotopic, and the endpoints of $p$ and $q$ are the same, then the concatenation of $p$ and $q$ is homotopic to the concatenation of $p'$ and $q'$.
If $f$ and $g$ are homotopic paths in $s$, and $h$ is a continuous map from $s$ to $t$, then $h \circ f$ and $h \circ g$ are homotopic paths in $t$.
If $p$ is a path in $s$, then $p$ is homotopic to $p$ followed by a constant path.
If $p$ is a path in $s$, then $p$ is homotopic to the concatenation of the constant path at the start of $p$ with $p$.
If $p$, $q$, and $r$ are paths in a topological space $X$ such that the endpoints of $p$ and $q$ coincide, and the endpoints of $q$ and $r$ coincide, then the paths $p + (q + r)$ and $(p + q) + r$ are homotopic.
If $p$ is a path in $s$, then $p$ followed by the reverse of $p$ is homotopic to a constant path.
If $p$ is a path in $s$, then the path $p$ followed by the reverse of $p$ is homotopic to the constant path at the endpoint of $p$.
Two loops $p$ and $q$ are homotopic if and only if there exists a continuous function $h$ from the unit square to $S$ such that $h(0,x) = p(x)$, $h(1,x) = q(x)$, and $h(t,0) = h(t,1)$ for all $t \in [0,1]$.
If two paths are homotopic loops, then they are loops.
If two loops are homotopic, then they are both paths.
If two loops are homotopic, then their images are contained in the same set.
A loop $p$ is homotopic to itself if and only if $p$ is a path with image in $s$ and $p$ is closed.
If two loops are homotopic, then they are homotopic in the opposite direction.
Two loops $p$ and $q$ are homotopic if and only if $q$ and $p$ are homotopic.
If two loops are homotopic, and a third loop is homotopic to the second, then the third loop is homotopic to the first.
If two loops are homotopic in a space $s$, then they are homotopic in any space $t$ containing $s$.
If two paths $p$ and $q$ have the same image and the same endpoints, then they are homotopic loops.
If two loops are homotopic, then their continuous images are homotopic.
If two paths are homotopic and have the same starting and ending points, then they are homotopic loops.
If two loops are homotopic, then the paths that they trace out are homotopic.
If $p$ and $q$ are paths in a set $s$ such that $p$ ends where $q$ starts, then the loop $pqp^{-1}$ is homotopic to $q$.
If $p$ and $q$ are paths in $S$ such that $p$ followed by the reverse of $q$ is homotopic to a constant path, then $p$ is homotopic to $q$.
If $f$ and $g$ are continuous functions from $S$ to $\mathbb{R}^n$ and the line segment between $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ is contained in $t$ for all $x \in S$, then $f$ and $g$ are homotopic relative to $S$ with $t$ as the target space.
If $g$ and $h$ are paths with the same endpoints, and the line segments between $g(t)$ and $h(t)$ are contained in $S$ for all $t$, then $g$ and $h$ are homotopic in $S$.
If $g$ and $h$ are paths with the same endpoints, and the line segments from $g(t)$ to $h(t)$ are contained in $S$ for all $t$, then $g$ and $h$ are homotopic loops in $S$.
If $g$ and $h$ are paths with the same endpoints, and $h$ is closer to $g$ than to any point outside $S$, then $g$ and $h$ are homotopic in $S$.
If $g$ and $h$ are paths with the same endpoints, and $h$ is closer to $g$ than to any point outside $S$, then $g$ and $h$ are homotopic loops.
If $g$ is a path in an open set $S$, then there is an $\epsilon > 0$ such that any path $h$ that is close enough to $g$ is homotopic to $g$ in $S$.
If $g$ is a closed path in an open set $S$, then there is an $\epsilon > 0$ such that any closed path $h$ that is $\epsilon$-close to $g$ is homotopic to $g$ in $S$.
If $g$ is a path in $s$ and $u, v, w$ are points in $[0, 1]$ such that $u \leq v \leq w$, then the concatenation of the subpaths of $g$ from $u$ to $v$ and from $v$ to $w$ is homotopic to the subpath of $g$ from $u$ to $w$.
If $g$ is a path from $u$ to $v$ and $h$ is a path from $v$ to $w$, then the path from $u$ to $w$ obtained by concatenating $g$ and $h$ is homotopic to the path from $w$ to $u$ obtained by concatenating $h$ and $g$.
If $g$ is a path in $s$ and $u, v, w$ are points in $[0, 1]$ such that $g$ is homotopic to the concatenation of the subpaths $g_{[u, v]}$ and $g_{[v, w]}$, then $g$ is homotopic to the concatenation of the subpaths $g_{[v, w]}$ and $g_{[w, u]}$.
If $g$ is a path in $s$ and $u, v, w \in [0, 1]$, then the concatenation of the subpaths $g_{[u, v]}$ and $g_{[v, w]}$ is homotopic to the subpath $g_{[u, w]}$.
If $a$ and $b$ are in the same path component of $S$, then the constant loops at $a$ and $b$ are homotopic.
If two loops are homotopic, then they have the same value at any point in the interval $[0,1]$.
Two points $a$ and $b$ are in the same path component of $S$ if and only if there is a homotopy between the constant loops at $a$ and $b$.
A topological space $S$ is path-connected if and only if for every pair of points $a, b \in S$, the constant loops at $a$ and $b$ are homotopic.
The empty set is simply connected.
If a set $S$ is simply connected, then it is path connected.
If $S$ is simply connected, then $S$ is connected.