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If $p$ and $q$ are positive polynomials, then $pq$ is a positive polynomial.
A polynomial is either zero, or positive, or negative.
A polynomial is positive if and only if its coefficients are non-empty and the last coefficient is positive.
The synthetic division of $0$ by $c$ is $(0, 0)$.
The synthetic division of a polynomial $p$ by a constant $c$ is the same as the synthetic division of $p$ by $c$ followed by the synthetic division of the remainder by $c$.
The synthetic division of a polynomial by $0$ is $0$.
If $p$ is a polynomial and $c p = a p + q$, then $p = 0$.
The remainder of the synthetic division of a polynomial $p$ by a constant $c$ is equal to the remainder of the division of $p$ by $c$.
The synthetic division of a polynomial $p$ by a constant $c$ is equal to the synthetic division of the polynomial $p$ by the constant $c$ plus the constant $p(c)$.
The synthetic division of a polynomial $p$ by a constant $c$ is zero if and only if $p$ is a constant polynomial.
The degree of the synthetic division of a polynomial $p$ by a constant $c$ is one less than the degree of $p$.
If $p$ is a polynomial and $c$ is a constant, then $p + c \cdot \text{syntheticDiv}(p, c) = \text{pCons}(p, c) \cdot \text{syntheticDiv}(p, c)$.
If $p + cq = rq + c$, then $r = p(c)$ and $q = \text{synthetic-div}(p, c)$.
The synthetic division algorithm is correct.
A polynomial $p$ is equal to zero if and only if $x - c$ divides $p$.
For any polynomial $p$ and any number $c$, $p$ is divisible by $x - c$ if and only if $p(c) = 0$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial, then the set of roots of $p$ is finite.
Two polynomials are equal if and only if their coefficients are equal.
A polynomial $p$ is the zero polynomial if and only if $p(x) = 0$ for all $x$.
The coefficient of $x^n$ in the polynomial $[a, 1]^n$ is $1$.
The degree of the $n$th power of a linear polynomial is $n$.
If $p$ is a polynomial with $p(a) = 0$, then $p$ is divisible by $(x - a)$ to the power of the order of $a$ in $p$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial and $a$ is a root of $p$, then $p$ is not divisible by $(x - a)^{n + 1}$ for any $n$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial and $a$ is a root of $p$, then $p$ is divisible by $(x - a)^k$ but not by $(x - a)^{k + 1}$, where $k$ is the multiplicity of $a$ as a root of $p$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial, then the order of $a$ modulo $p$ is at most the degree of $p$.
A polynomial $p$ has a root $a$ if and only if $p = 0$ or the order of $a$ as a root of $p$ is nonzero.
If $p(a) \neq 0$, then the order of $a$ in $p$ is $0$.
If $p$ is a polynomial with integer coefficients and $a$ is an integer, then the order of $a$ in $p$ is the largest integer $n$ such that $x^n$ divides $p$.
If $p$ and $q$ are nonzero polynomials, then the order of $a$ in $pq$ is the sum of the orders of $a$ in $p$ and $q$.
If $c$ is a nonzero constant and $p$ is a polynomial, then the order of $x$ in $cp$ is the same as the order of $x$ in $p$.
The order of $x$ modulo 1 is 0.
The order of $x$ in $-p$ is the same as the order of $x$ in $p$.
The order of $a$ in the polynomial ring $F[x]/(x^n - a)$ is $n$.
If $c \neq 0$, then the order of the monomial $cx^n$ is $n$.
If $p$ divides $q$ and $q \neq 0$, then the order of $p$ is less than or equal to the order of $q$.
The $n$th power of the minimal polynomial of $a$ divides $p$ if and only if $p = 0$ or $n \leq$ the order of $a$ modulo $p$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial, then there exists a polynomial $q$ such that $p = (x - a)^{ord_a(p)} q$ and $(x - a)$ does not divide $q$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial, then $x^n$ divides $p$ if and only if $n \leq \text{order}(0, p)$.
If $Q(0)$ holds and if $Q(p)$ holds whenever $P(a)$ holds and $p$ has no roots, then $Q(p)$ holds.
If we drop all the leading occurrences of $a$ from a list of $n$ $a$'s followed by a list $ys$, we get the same result as if we dropped all the leading occurrences of $a$ from $ys$.
If you append $n$ zeros to the end of a polynomial, the result is the same as the original polynomial.
If $P(0,0)$ holds and $P(p,q)$ implies $P(p',q')$ for all $p'$ and $q'$ that can be obtained from $p$ and $q$ by adding a new leading coefficient, then $P(p,q)$ holds for all polynomials $p$ and $q$.
The composition of the zero polynomial with any polynomial is the zero polynomial.
The composition of a polynomial with a constant polynomial is equal to the sum of the constant polynomial and the product of the constant polynomial and the composition of the original polynomial with the constant polynomial.
The polynomial $p(1)$ is equal to $1$.
The polynomial $p \circ q$ is the same as the polynomial $p$ evaluated at the polynomial $q$.
The degree of the composition of two polynomials is less than or equal to the product of their degrees.
The composition of a polynomial with the sum of two polynomials is equal to the sum of the compositions of the polynomial with each of the two polynomials.
If $p$ and $r$ are polynomials, then $-p \circ r = -(p \circ r)$.
The composition of a polynomial with the difference of two other polynomials is the difference of the compositions of the polynomials with the third polynomial.
If $p$ and $r$ are polynomials, then $(ap) \circ r = a(p \circ r)$.
If $p$ and $q$ are polynomials, then $p \circ (q \circ r) = (p \circ q) \circ r$.
The composition of polynomials is associative.
The polynomial $p$ composed with the identity function on the interval $[0, 1]$ is equal to $p$.
The composition of a sum of polynomials is the sum of the compositions of the polynomials.
The composition of a product of polynomials with another polynomial is the product of the compositions of each polynomial with the other polynomial.
The polynomial $p(x) = a$ composed with any other polynomial $q(x)$ is $p(x) = a$.
The composition of a polynomial $p$ with the zero polynomial is the constant polynomial with value $p(0)$.
The degree of the composition of two polynomials is the product of their degrees.
If the composition of two polynomials is zero, and the second polynomial has degree greater than zero, then the first polynomial is zero.
If $q$ is a non-constant polynomial, then the leading coefficient of the composition of $p$ and $q$ is the product of the leading coefficient of $p$ and the leading coefficient of $q$ raised to the degree of $p$.
If the coefficients of $p$ and $q$ are in $R$, then the coefficients of $pq$ are in $R$.
If the coefficients of two polynomials are in a semiring, then the coefficients of their composition are also in the semiring.
If we drop the first $n$ elements of a list $xs$, then the $m$th element of the resulting list is the $(m+n)$th element of $xs$.
If $n$ is the length of a list $xs$, then the $m$th element of $xs$ is the same as the $m$th element of $xs$ truncated to length $n$.
The coefficient of $x^i$ in the polynomial $p(x + n)$ is the coefficient of $x^{i + n}$ in $p(x)$.
The polynomial $x \mapsto x$ is the same as the polynomial $x \mapsto x + 0$.
The polynomial $p(x)$ shifted by $n$ is $0$ if $p(x)$ is $0$.
The polynomial $p(x) = x^n$ shifted by 1 is the polynomial $p(x-1)$.
If $p$ is a polynomial and $n$ is a nonnegative integer, then $p(x + n)$ is the polynomial obtained by shifting the coefficients of $p$ by $n$ places to the right.
The coefficients of a polynomial shifted by $n$ are the coefficients of the original polynomial with the first $n$ coefficients dropped.
The coefficient of $x^k$ in the polynomial $p$ truncated to degree $n$ is the coefficient of $x^k$ in $p$ if $k < n$, and $0$ otherwise.
The polynomial $p_n(x)$ is zero at $x = 0$.
The polynomial cutoff of $1$ is $1$ if $n \neq 0$ and $0$ if $n = 0$.
The coefficients of the polynomial obtained by truncating the coefficients of $p$ to the first $n$ terms are the first $n$ coefficients of $p$ with trailing zeros removed.
The coefficients of the polynomial $p$ are the same as the coefficients of the polynomial $p$ with the leading zeros removed.
The reflection of the polynomial $0$ is $0$.
The reflection of the polynomial $1$ is $1$.
The coefficient of $x^n$ in the polynomial $p(x)$ is equal to the coefficient of $x^{degree(p) - n}$ in the polynomial $reflect_poly(p)$.
The coefficient of the constant term of the reflected polynomial is zero if and only if the original polynomial is zero.
The polynomial $p$ is zero if and only if the reflected polynomial $p^*$ is zero at $0$.
If $p$ is a nonzero polynomial, then the reflection of $p$ is equal to the reflection of $p$ with a monomial added to the front.
The reflection of a constant polynomial is itself.
If $x \neq 0$, then the polynomial $p$ reflected about the $y$-axis is equal to $x^{n}p(1/x)$, where $n$ is the degree of $p$.
The coefficient of the leading term of a polynomial is equal to the coefficient of the constant term of the reflected polynomial.
The leading coefficient of a polynomial is equal to the value of the polynomial at $0$.
If the constant coefficient of a polynomial $p$ is nonzero, then the polynomial obtained by reflecting $p$ about the $y$-axis is $p$ itself.
The degree of the reflected polynomial is less than or equal to the degree of the original polynomial.
If $a \neq 0$, then the polynomial $a + p$ is equal to the polynomial whose coefficients are the coefficients of $p$ in reverse order, with $a$ prepended.
If the constant coefficient of a polynomial $p$ is nonzero, then the degree of $p$ is equal to the degree of $p$ reflected about the $y$-axis.
The reflection of a product of polynomials is the product of the reflections of the polynomials.
The reflection of a polynomial multiplied by a constant is the reflection of the polynomial multiplied by the same constant.
The reflection of a polynomial to the power $n$ is the reflection of the polynomial to the power $n$.
The reflection of a product of polynomials is the product of the reflections of the polynomials.
The product of a list of polynomials is equal to the product of the list of the reflected polynomials.
If the list $xs$ does not end with $0$, then the polynomial $p$ with coefficients $xs$ is equal to the polynomial with coefficients $xs$ in reverse order.
Simplification rules for polynomials.
The derivative of the zero polynomial is the zero polynomial.
The derivative of a polynomial $a_0 + a_1 x + \cdots + a_n x^n$ is $a_1 + 2 a_2 x + \cdots + n a_n x^{n-1}$.
The derivative of the constant polynomial $1$ is $0$.