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[Question] [ If all humans (but no other species) just suddenly disappeared, leaving all of their structures standing, how long would it take for an intelligent species as dominant as the humans to evolve? Would the disappearance of humans change anything? [Answer] As sad as it sounds, the safest assumption is **n...
[Question] [ Giant Spiders are a traditional element of fantasy worlds. They prey upon most human's primal fears, and are easy to make as evil as possible. ![Spider in Canada](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qS0tl.jpg) (Note: Not to scale) But are they actually plausible? What kind of environment would be required to sust...
[Question] [ **This question asks for hard science.** All answers to this question should be backed up by equations, empirical evidence, scientific papers, other citations, etc. Answers that do not satisfy this requirement might be removed. See [the tag description](/tags/hard-science/info) for more information. In m...
[Question] [ The apocalypse has happened, but humanity survives. People still remember the technology they had, but too many of the people who really understood how it worked and how to make it have died, leading to many modern technologies being lost. The survivors want to rebuild civilization and hope to be able to...
[Question] [ Simply put, what's the expiration date of a computer? The reason I ask is for the sake of a society recovering from some sort of cataclysm and trying to reclaim lost technology. However, I could also see this being useful if there's a cold-case mystery/treasure-hunt that depends on the hard-drive of a co...
[Question] [ As fas as I know, there isn't a single plant on Earth that (naturally) produces any sort of luminescence. But it is seen in science-fiction worlds, especially Avatar. From an evolutionary point of view, what would be the benefits for a plant from being bioluminescent? [Answer] # Evolution and benefits...
[Question] [ *Radio Thinkers* Creatures that communicate by biological radio pops up in science fiction occasionally and it's a fun idea. However, there are some practical concerns with regards to evolving a radio in a creature's head. I'm looking for a discrete sequence of evolutionary pressures that would encourage...
[Question] [ **Closed**. This question is [opinion-based](/help/closed-questions). It is not currently accepting answers. --- **Want to improve this question?** Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by [editing this post](/posts/118685/edit). Closed 5 years ago. [Improve this question...
[Question] [ John from our future, takes the time-travel bus back in time and steps off in 5th century Europe. He heads for the secret location where travellers are kitted out with authentic clothes, food and currency to keep them alive until they can establish themselves. He has learned enough of the local language ...
[Question] [ So, a group of archeologists from the year 4978 have uncovered something strange. They’ve been searching for the missing link between them and their primordial ancestors, and they seem to have found something interesting. Their was a a large stone, sticking up from the ground. On it were some unintelligi...
[Question] [ It's a well-known fact that attacking or defending from a high ground gives a wide range of advantages over an opponent occupying a lower position. I'm DM-ing a campaign where PCs are about to defend their freshly acquired castle and the village around it from a group of invaders. The village is surround...
[Question] [ Are swords, spears, and arrows that turn slain enemies into pure gold useful, in medieval combat, or are they useless aside from free money? Notes about the weapons: * flesh wounds don't turn people to gold; they need to be killed * it also works on corpses [Answer] Honestly, the best use of this woul...
[Question] [ **Closed**. This question is [opinion-based](/help/closed-questions). It is not currently accepting answers. --- **Want to improve this question?** Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by [editing this post](/posts/180949/edit). Closed 2 years ago. [Improve this question...
[Question] [ I'm considering the mechanics of a "shock and awe" scene in my novel which could see an old dam being brought down. The era is equivalent to that of the middle Roman empire, so introducing explosives would be far too convenient and would require altering previous work for the simple logic of conflicts. W...
[Question] [ I've got a European medieval-themed world and my focus is everyday life in a small village (population of 300~500 people) in the mountains. I'm trying to stay away from action, adventure, violence, etc. as much as possible, so I want this village to be a remote, quiet place. However, I still want it to s...
[Question] [ I have a very large developed (relatively rational) fantasy game world which mostly has medieval technology with some Renaissance technology, and some low-powered magic. In it, when I was much younger, I mapped a great lake with several islands connected by seven *very* long bridges. The map style is rou...
[Question] [ I'm trying to engineer a scenario where a nation wipes out another's home solar system by vaporizing it into a cloud of gas nearly instantly and it engineers a huge controversy over how it happened and would cause extreme chaos within the galaxy over the war crime. What realistic(ish) theoretical weapon ...
[Question] [ **Edit:** this is not a dupe because the other question asks for an everchanging maze that is built with pre-historic technology and that is impervious to engineering (i.e.: immune to drilling). Mine allows for backtracking until reset must be built with current methods, and involves no magic/alien techn...
[Question] [ I was reading [a World Anvil article](https://www.worldanvil.com/w/dohma-ArchdiAngelo/a/frostkin-article) which has a world that experiences world wide seasonal changes. Specifically quoting the article, > > During the month of Frimense, the Frostkin thrive, as the whole world descends into 49 days of ...
[Question] [ We've got this criminal who likes to interrogate people via Russian Roulette. While his captive watches, he empties an unremarkable-looking 6-chamber revolver, re-inserts a single bullet, spins the cylinder and slams it closed, then points it at the captive's face. Then he asks his questions, pulling the...
[Question] [ Assume there is a resource that allows for rapid regeneration of body parts and termination (magical deletion) of foreign objects in the body upon usage. Let's say it is scarce enough that you can't give it to everyone, so it's still valuable. The resource doesn't stay in the system and is a one time thi...
[Question] [ So I have a concept in mind for a future dystopian world. The world: * Technology exists on par with modern technology. * This technology is not widespread; in fact, it is quite rare. * Most humans do not know how to create the tech that exists and are only occasionally aware with how to fix things. * No...
[Question] [ A bit of context first, this question is inspired by the famous North Korean pilot [No Kum-sok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Kum-sok), and his defection to the United States during the Korean war. A quick summary, he breaks formation, flies to a South Korean air-force base, and lands successfully, d...
[Question] [ Humans like to explore and seem to have an almost instinctual need to expand. After spreading throughout the solar system and even into the Oort Cloud they decided that humanity should follow the robot probes out into the galaxy. Without FTL, but having discovered a form of artificial gravity and having...
[Question] [ How could a fortress that could hold around 5000 people with the technology available in medieval Western Europe (1200-1300) be built into a mountain? The fortress would be designed so it remains entirely hidden from anyone casually walking by the mountain, and preferably even those walking on the mounta...
[Question] [ I have a Roleplay setting on the books. It's a constructed pocket universe that the Dragons built to hide from the Great Old Ones; because of its structure, there are *vast* bodies of water, potentially millions of kilometres, of deep, open ocean water without so much as a speck of land. Such expanses ar...
[Question] [ In my story I have paleolithic era humans who were contacted by aliens long enough ago for them to have used space travel to spread across many planets. I want them to be able to fly and somewhat maintain spaceships but not produce them. They are, however, still primitive and still live in caves with spe...
[Question] [ Set in the modern day; fairies are tennis ball sized humanoids with wings residing within the dense rainforest throughout the world. Local human populations consider them to be guardians protecting the sacred forest and its inhabitants. A lot of people have been venturing into the rainforest equipped wi...
[Question] [ There is a surprisingly diverse range of handheld weapons for use in combat, beyond the typical gun-related firearms. I'm looking for a cooler way to destroy enemies, and though flamethrowers are interesting, I'd like to not incinerate people, but *liquefy* them. The requirements: * The weapon must be ha...
[Question] [ The United States (as well as many other countries) is covered in a vast network of tubes: [![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ceSpI.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ceSpI.png) These tubes vary greatly in diameter. Some could hardly fit a baseball, while others are large enough to c...
[Question] [ I am currently writing/hard-core procrastinating on a fantasy novel that includes a race known as Orthaks. Basically an amended version of Orcs, they range from seven to nine feet tall, weigh between four to six hundred pounds, and are significantly stronger than a human. My question, then, is what are s...
[Question] [ This short story, which I've already written, is set in the FAR, FAR FUTURE, where a robotic space probe is exploring as much of the known universe as it can, despite its AI not knowing if its creators--humanity--still exists as a species. The exact number it has calculated to be slightly over a billion ...
[Question] [ In my fictional universe there are two galactic civilizations that have never interacted until recently and thus have developed different cultures, science, etc. From a technological standpoint, one of the civilizations is similar to Halo's UNSC and is on the "Right" side of the map while the other is si...
[Question] [ As a plot device I need some kind of conjecture that is used in lot proofs and widely assumed true. Something like many papers in computer science start with "Assuming P != NP ...". In my story for dramatic purposes my heroine disproves it. It doesn't matter how, or is it plausible in real world, I just ...
[Question] [ We have a fleet of sub-light speed [generation ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_ship) and associated engineering devices/ships. Their original world can no longer support their species, and they must move to survive. The fleet of course cannot support its inhabitants forever. There is ther...
[Question] [ **This question asks for hard science.** All answers to this question should be backed up by equations, empirical evidence, scientific papers, other citations, etc. Answers that do not satisfy this requirement might be removed. See [the tag description](/tags/hard-science/info) for more information. I am...
[Question] [ I have a moment in my story where the main character comes across a planet with "solid" swamps. Let me explain. Basically, there are creatures here that can swim through the ground like it was some very thin liquid, however, when any other organism comes in contact with the substance, it's like walking ...
[Question] [ We all love the apocalypse, except for those that are actually in it and often apocalypse media, especially zombie apocalypses, show a complete collapse of any form of government. I find this unlikely, that America; the most powerful nation on Earth, would collapse so easily. While it is believable that ...
[Question] [ **World Rules:** * Travelers are able to move at the speed of light without disruption of their lives. Time passes "normally" for them. They think, breathe, love, cry, and steer the ship as if they were merely crossing the Atlantic. * Whatever allows the ship to travel at the speed of light, it does not ...
[Question] [ Currently, most, if not, all human languages use sound to communicate. What if, language A, a language much like English in terms of its global dominance and widespread use, on a planet much like ours, used **silence** instead of sound to communicate. If you don't understand, speak the following sentence...
[Question] [ I, Lord Leopold Borthwell, have recently encountered a series of most damnable conundrums that all seem to stem from a single problem: flight. You see, caer can merely fly over any walls that would keep a normal human out. This leads to many complications in the seemingly-simple business of keeping peopl...
[Question] [ Man, I really have to find a way to stop getting into logic dead-ends. So, in the story I’m writing, there’s this country that developed big bad war machines that run on steam engines. The way they work or if they make sense or not is irrelevant. These war machines brought military superiority to the sa...
[Question] [ For the purposes of this question, let's *ignore* the causality issues of time travel itself. Suppose our hero, or an accomplice of our hero, has invented a time travelling apparatus. It works like this: a person steps into a chamber, sets some controls, and initiates a jump through time. The apparatus t...
[Question] [ **Santa's1 been taken to court!** Kids in the United States have complained that they're getting too much coal and the class-action lawyers heard their cries for redress! Obedient to a summons from the Superior Court of California, San Fransisco,2 Santa is facing charges of not treating children with mor...
[Question] [ (We're talking about a pre-industrial society here) Obviously there are many cities in important positions for trade, either because they control an important strait (Danish Sound, Bosphorus), an Isthmus (Panama, Suez) or are in good places for sea-land transfer because the ocean reaches far inland (Veni...
[Question] [ A spaceship is a very expensive thing to own and maintain. But what's more, this is a spaceship that can sustain high-g burns for long stretches of time, like in The Expanse verse. So this means that if it accelerates in one direction at about a month, it reaches a significant portion of the speed of lig...
[Question] [ A variety of Earth species have hard, more or less rigid shells covering parts of or their entire bodies as a defense against predators. These work to a varying degree depending on the specific predator's hunting style, but they don't really present much difficulty to human firearms. Ignore for a second ...
[Question] [ Traditionally, a Cyclops has one eye, as well as some other aliens in fiction. My question is simple: Would there be **any situations**, Earth-like or otherwise, where a creature would benefit from having only one eye? As far as I know, creatures with eyes on earth all have more than one. This question ...
[Question] [ In most science fiction where humans are simulated or uploaded onto computers, the humans are simulated with perfect fidelity. But this seems unlikely-- humans are very expensive to run. In Robin Hanson's *Age of Em*, humans that are too poor to run at full speed are just slowed down; probably the only r...
[Question] [ I have a community with great knowledge but limited resources so bows are preferenced over guns. Is there any reason why their warriors would carry "English" long bows instead of modern style compound bows? Mainly looking for tactical excuses. [Answer] **Compound Bows** *Pros* * Easier to use * Averag...
[Question] [ I'm thinking about vampires, as we commonly see vampires who are hundreds (in some cases thousands of years old). In some depictions they appear old fashioned, in others they appear to be as up to date as "normal people". If someone (for whatever reason) stopped aging alongside their peers and remained p...
[Question] [ In fictional media that revolves around police, SWAT, or agents from some three-letter-agency, it's common that before they go somewhere, they have their tech-genius go though some database and instantly pull up plans of the building that they're going to so they can make a breaching plan or whatever. As...
[Question] [ Supposed we have a ship travelling at the speed of light, or very close to it, or over. A second ship is travelling behind it at the same speed. The second ship wishes to communicate something to the first ship, but they can't transmit radio waves or even fire lasers at the ship in front, as that would...
[Question] [ **Closed.** This question is [off-topic](/help/closed-questions). It is not currently accepting answers. --- You are asking questions about a story set in a world instead of about building a world. For more information, see [Why is my question "Too Story Based" and how do I get it opened?](https://w...
[Question] [ I want my story to be science-based. I want there to be technical jargon that goes over most people's heads (the average Joe shouldn't question it). But I keep running into a problem... I'll come up with an idea that I think is great for my story. I'll even do some basic research and then say "this is wh...
[Question] [ I'm working on a story set roughly 2 million years in the future involving future archeologists discovering evidence of a nuclear war and ensuing winter wiping out humanity. What sort of clues would survive for that long? [Answer] The archeological evidence would be the presence of [long lived fission...
[Question] [ My current project features a contemporary scientist who is convinced that some sort of spacetime anomaly occurred in a tiny rural Yorkshire, U.K. community circa-1850; he believes a dilapidated old manor-house may have simply *appeared* on the outskirts of said community, with the locals being mimetical...
[Question] [ If humans didn't exist, what species would populate the earth? Would an animal gain human-like intelligence if humans weren't here? What animal would gain dominance? [Answer] **The Raccoons** Originally a North-American species, it has dexterious hands and thumbs, can stand upright not unlike a meerka...
[Question] [ I'm writing a story that features modified humans that have a very long lifespan/ practically immortality. Immortal characters in fiction aren't exactly rare, but I want to write something more realistic (which might be ironic considering the premise). If we suppose a person wouldn't physically die give...
[Question] [ Diamonds are carbon. Plants take in CO2 and use the carbon. Chemically, could the right kind of plant have diamonds for berries, or is there some other limiting factor? [Answer] A plant could produce a diamond chemically by laying down carbon atoms in the right crystalline formation. Heat and pressure...
[Question] [ A civilization has a "magic" computer with memory and processing capacities far beyond what our physics says is possible. They decide to run a massive simulation of [Conway's Game of Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life) with a random "big bang" initial state. The goal is to see if, ...
[Question] [ The gun in question is a normal, reliable and non-specialized .45 revolver. The idealized character is the last descendant of a lineage of carriers of this gun, considered by them legendary. Is it possible that this gun 'survives' (continues to function properly) for thousands of years without rusting or...
[Question] [ I have a race of humanoids with 4 hands. They are on average 7 feet tall and are as dexterous with each of their 4 hands as a human is dexterous with each of their arms. What kinds of weapons would suit these humanoids the best? Tech levels are late medieval, with some magic, but feel free to include sup...
[Question] [ Steampunk airships typically use either helium or hydrogen as a source of lift (depending on the specific world). However, the source of the lifting gas is often not fully explained, or frequently even not mentioned at all. **How could a steampunk civilization with limited (although rapidly expanding) un...
[Question] [ I'm building a world builder out of a SQL database. I'm going to use an implementation of Markov chains to build up lists of 1,000's of names. I'd like those names to have some consistency, so I plan to use various mixtures of real-world names as the input data for the procedure. The intention is not to ...
[Question] [ There is an African plain, there are trees, grasses, some seasonal rivers/lakes, and snakes. Upon the plain lives a society of tribesmen (think along the lines of the [Maasai Mara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Mara) people) [![enter image description here](https://l7.alamy.com/zooms/5e1e3bdb36f94...
[Question] [ I hope this isn't too broad. I would like an Earth-like planet for November's [NaNoWriMo](http://nanowrimo.org/) that is just enormous, but plausible. Then I started to get into material composition, proximity to the star, trying to achieve the right densities - well, you get the idea. I'm trying to have...
[Question] [ I'm considering the following scenario: Over the course of a couple of weeks, a global plague wipes out 99.999% of humanity, leaving just 75,000 people alive. These people are spread out evenly; in every regional and social group, only one in 100,000 survive. That means 14,000 people survive in China, 80...
[Question] [ This is a followup question to the question [Wondering what would happen if magic was constrained by Conservation of Energy](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/q/519/74) and it's related to [this post](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/628/explaining-where-energy-comes-from-to-power-...
[Question] [ I've been working, on and off, on a universe with limited FTL based on the ["one big lie"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Mohs/OneBigLie) principle of sci-fi writing; travel speed averages just a hair over 4 times the speed of light, travel is instantaneous for the ships and crews travelling faste...
[Question] [ A class of young gods at Cthulhu University were given a planet to divide between themselves. They are each given an artificially isolated island the size of Ukraine, and must make conditions on that island such that a human population will achieve a fully industrial society, similar to Victorian Britain...
[Question] [ Imagine a race of what we would call 'giants', each of them possibly around 8 to 10 feet (2.40-3.00 meters) tall. What differences would they need compared to us regular humans in order to function? I know that simply up-scaling organs doesn't work as one would expect (Not a biology major, don't hold me ...
[Question] [ For simplicity, lets use our Sun as the star. Next, a dyson sphere is built around it (completely enclosed solid sphere, not a dyson swarm or network, etc.). Handwave how it's built, it's not relevant to the question. Not sure if the diameter of the dyson sphere makes a difference, but in case it does, l...
[Question] [ **This question asks for hard science.** All answers to this question should be backed up by equations, empirical evidence, scientific papers, other citations, etc. Answers that do not satisfy this requirement might be removed. See [the tag description](/tags/hard-science/info) for more information. For ...
[Question] [ **This Query is part of the Worldbuilding [Resources Article](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/143606/a-list-of-worldbuilding-resources).** --- From previous questions, I made a nice [mass of land](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/581/creating-a-realistic-world-map-landm...
[Question] [ I am a farmer or perhaps a slightly successful merchant in a medieval world. What types of clothes dye would be available to me? Purple is often discussed but would only be available to the wealthy, but what about blue, yellow, green, red etc? How would these type of dyes be made and what is the likeliho...
[Question] [ Dragons. We know them. We love them. They breathe fire and wreck our towns and plunder our gold. But all that destruction has to get fueled somehow. So naturally, I would assume dragons have to eat (or at the very least have some method of caloric intake.) Let's assume our dragon is a traditional Smaug-s...
[Question] [ Aquatic races are usually assumed to be stunted in technological development by the inability to create fire or forge metals. But what about doing chemistry at all? The development of chemistry in human history seems to hinge on being able to perform reactions in aqueous solution. That's convenient for u...
[Question] [ This question is inspired by the last paragraph of my answer here: [Negating the negative effects of childbearing](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/10055/negating-the-negative-effects-of-childbearing/10058?noredirect=1#comment22856_10058) (A follow up question to this can be found here: ...
[Question] [ Imagine a roughly medieval world with a feudal government. I want a new disease to show up and spread rapidly which affects the nobility and leaders, but not the peasantry, setting up a situation for the feudal system to be overthrown. The disease should not be magical, should be either fatal or at least...
[Question] [ Set in a zombie apocalypse world somewhere in Chennai, India. News report shows an estimated 90% of the population here has turned into zombies overnight, soldiers setup a human chain perimeter blockade and a kill order has been given to terminate any trespasser with extreme prejudice. Those infected sho...
[Question] [ **What would cause a nuclear power plant to break down after 2000 years, but not sooner?** The setting is a society in a dark age. Their ancestors were considerably more advanced than earth currently is. The society has been stagnate at close to the tech levels of modern earth since. For the past two mil...
[Question] [ In an alternate world of magic, a battleship similar in design to the *Bismarck* is stopped in the middle of the ocean. It was built by a society of Earth humans who moved to this world. All other nation’s technology is approximately from the medieval-renaissance era aided with a slight bit of magic. Now...
[Question] [ Let's suppose we intercepted a message in an unknown language. We were not able to decipher it, but we were able to decode it. Meaning we know the letters but not the meaning of the words in the text. Assuming the text is sufficiently long, we now know every single letter of this language. Can we say tha...
[Question] [ In some alternate history, Europeans never discovered the Americas for one reason or another. Maybe the initial motivations just weren't there, or maybe the visionaries of the day fell ill and died before they could change the western world forever. Obviously this would drastically change European histor...
[Question] [ A few decades ago, a new glorious invention in our huge FTL interstellar empire was created - teleportation tech. A 2 meter cube is technologically put in a "Warp" field at one location and deployed 1 minute later at the destination (if there is a transporter there. If there isn't, it takes 5 minutes). Y...
[Question] [ My alien civilization is highly advanced. Their ancestors created wondrous things from medical devices that can cure nearly anything to warships that can defeat nearly any enemy. The problem is they have forgotten how these things were created. They have all lasted for centuries, their inventors long dea...
[Question] [ I had an idea about a lineage supposedly cursed so that the women only give birth to more women, but I'm thinking that some outside force purposefully mutated/altered their DNA to cause the effect without their knowledge. What mechanism might be used in such a scenario to prevent any male children from b...
[Question] [ After receiving answers to [this question](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/156814/is-it-possible-for-a-universally-executable-virus-to-be-written-in-binary), I now know that viruses cannot be written in machine code in such a way that they can universally infect all kinds of systems. Ev...
[Question] [ Say you have some way of seeing somewhere between a microsecond to 0.1 seconds into the future, *or at least the most likely future*. Is it possible,through something like a flip-book effect or some other illusion, to encode a message only another observer capable of seeing the same distance into the fut...
[Question] [ In space-trading games like Escape Velocity, Elite: Dangerous & others, cheap FTL exists, but lags in other advancements results in a playable environment that is politically fractured and not a post-scarcity utopia. Pilots can even manage a profit margin trading mundane materials (like water) just a few...
[Question] [ I have a character in my story (set in 1998) who has been magically altered in three major ways: 1: She cannot be remembered for longer than 60 seconds without continuous exposure to her by one of the five senses. By the time the 60 seconds of not being in her presence are up, all memory of having ever e...
[Question] [ Following on from my previous question [here](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/96293/what-methods-might-an-ancient-civilization-take-to-extract-fresh-water-from-grea) concerning the ancient civilization I have called the Androy and their struggle to survive terrible drought conditions on...
[Question] [ Vampires don't die from old age; They aren't born, and all vampires were humans at some point in their life. After being bitten, a human can turn into a vampire (although the chance is very low, otherwise vampires would run out of food). They're NOT mindless monsters; they have their own personality, mem...
[Question] [ The world is going to hell. Global warming, overpopulation, economic crises and other such issues plague humanity. The only logical solution is to summon Hastur, The King in Yellow, an elder god from beyond the void. He will Institute a random genocide across the earth, irrespective of race or creed, kil...
[Question] [ My story is set in a small Idaho town called Serpent's Yard, named after the cryptid they believe lives in the lake up in the mountains above the town. The town is built around a river, known as Serpent's Road, that flows out of this lake, which then goes into a waterfall just past the town limits on the...
[Question] [ I've just started out with worldbuilding and got this idea of a state/country that has no need for any armed forces as they don't want to go to war because of religious reasons, and no other state would want to attack them. But during what circumstances could such a state exist? I'm guessing that the st...
[Question] [ I am thinking about having multiple races in my story but I also want them to have relationship (Love/Mating). For the moment lets go with generic types, Humans, Elfs, Dwarfs and Orcs. How could these species remain as they are without them mixing to the point where they are just one species? FYI - Each ...
[Question] [ In a given fantasy world, I need a deadly (yet not magical) gas that will naturally pool in low depressions and valleys. The level of magic is not high, so I'd like it to be an actual chemical that an astute reader/player might be able to identify. Ideally, it should be mostly opaque in large quantities ...
[Question] [ [Asian Giant Hornets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_giant_hornet) are particularly vicious and deliver a dose of neurotoxin to its victims. Generally an average of [59 stings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_giant_hornet#Effects_of_venom_on_humans) are sufficient to kill a healthy non-allergic ...