Datasets:

Viharikvs
/

TFSMAG

license: other
license_name: mixed-public-domain
language:
  - en
tags:
  - agriculture
  - time-series
  - commodities
  - crop-production
  - weather
  - climate
  - USDA
  - FAOSTAT
  - foundation-model
  - pretraining
  - fertilizer
  - crop-insurance
pretty_name: 'TFSMAG: Time-series Foundation Model for Agriculture'
size_categories:
  - 10M<n<100M
configs:
  - config_name: calendar_spreads
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: calendar_spreads/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: calendar_spreads/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: calendar_spreads/test-*
  - config_name: calendar_spreads_deep
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: calendar_spreads_deep/train-*
  - config_name: cftc_cot
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: cftc_cot/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: cftc_cot/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: cftc_cot/test-*
  - config_name: climate_indices
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: climate_indices/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: climate_indices/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: climate_indices/test-*
  - config_name: commodity_futures
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: commodity_futures/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: commodity_futures/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: commodity_futures/test-*
  - config_name: faostat
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: faostat/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: faostat/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: faostat/test-*
  - config_name: india_mandi
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: india_mandi/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: india_mandi/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: india_mandi/test-*
  - config_name: nass_prices
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: nass_prices/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: nass_prices/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: nass_prices/test-*
  - config_name: usda_nass_production
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: usda_nass_production/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: usda_nass_production/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: usda_nass_production/test-*
  - config_name: usda_nass_progress
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: usda_nass_progress/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: usda_nass_progress/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: usda_nass_progress/test-*
  - config_name: usda_psd
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: usda_psd/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: usda_psd/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: usda_psd/test-*
  - config_name: usda_rma_insurance
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: usda_rma_insurance/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: usda_rma_insurance/validation-*
  - config_name: wb_commodities
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: wb_commodities/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: wb_commodities/validation-*
  - config_name: weather_power
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: weather_power/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: weather_power/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: weather_power/test-*

TFSMAG: Time-Series Foundation Model for Agriculture

The largest open agricultural time-series corpus. ~547,000 series totaling ~38 million observations across 14 configs spanning commodity markets, global supply/demand, crop phenology, agroclimatology, soil moisture, climate teleconnections, wholesale mandi prices, fertilizer prices, and crop insurance.

No existing TSFM pretraining corpus (LOTSA, Chronos KernelSynth, TimesFM) contains agricultural data. TFSMAG fills that gap.

Split protocol (v2)

All configs share one global temporal cutoff so that no training observation postdates any evaluation observation, in any series, in any config:

train: observations through 2023-12-31
validation: calendar year 2024
test: observations from 2025-01-01 onward

A series appears in a split only if it has at least one observation in that window; n_obs, start_date, and end_date are recomputed per split. Configs whose history ends before a window simply have no rows there (e.g. calendar_spreads_deep ends in 2004 and is train-only; wb_commodities and usda_rma_insurance end in 2024 and have no test rows). At evaluation time, condition on everything before the window you are scoring (train for validation; train + validation for test). For short annual series, filter n_obs in eval to taste.

v1 of this dataset used a per-series chronological 80/20 split, which put every series' boundary at a different date (median train cutoff ranged from 1999 to 2026 across configs), leaked each series' holdout period into other series' training windows, and withheld the most recent regimes from training. The v1 files remain available under the v1-per-series-split tag:

load_dataset("Viharikvs/TFSMAG", "faostat", revision="v1-per-series-split")

Dataset summary

Config	Train (series / obs)	Validation (series / obs)	Test (series / obs)	Freq	Date Range
`faostat`	488,456 / 21,035,524	406,169 / 406,169	14,206 / 14,206	A	1961-2024
`weather_power`	528 / 8,244,042	528 / 193,248	528 / 192,720	D	1981-2025
`calendar_spreads_deep`	550 / 3,030,408	--	--	B	1959-2004
`usda_psd`	22,683 / 1,012,314	16,636 / 16,636	16,636 / 17,553	A	1960-2025
`usda_nass_progress`	2,756 / 798,078	2,440 / 37,621	2,437 / 34,987	W	1979-2026
`usda_nass_production`	8,079 / 533,531	3,322 / 3,322	3,255 / 3,661	A	1866-2025
`cftc_cot`	430 / 391,575	420 / 21,611	399 / 25,746	W	1995-2026
`commodity_futures`	51 / 323,853	51 / 12,892	51 / 16,566	B	1971-2026
`nass_prices`	924 / 273,102	334 / 3,435	328 / 3,967	M	1970-2026
`usda_rma_insurance`	19,816 / 254,933	8,497 / 8,497	--	A	1989-2025
`india_mandi`	2,244 / 239,538	1,954 / 282,759	1,552 / 142,085	D	2023-2025
`wb_commodities`	51 / 34,517	48 / 576	--	M	1960-2024
`climate_indices`	17 / 16,861	16 / 192	16 / 233	M	1854-2026
`calendar_spreads`	88 / 5,721	284 / 34,441	370 / 108,115	B	2021-2026
Total	546,673 / 36,193,997	440,699 / 1,021,399	39,778 / 559,839

Grand total: 37,775,235 observations across train + validation + test.

Schema

Every config uses a uniform 14-column schema. Each row is one time series stored as parallel arrays. len(timestamps) == len(values) == n_obs is guaranteed. All timestamps are in YYYY-MM-DD format, strictly increasing within a series. Zero NaN, zero Inf across all values.

series_id (unique key per config), ticker, name, field, domain, category, exchange, unit, freq, n_obs, start_date, end_date, timestamps (list[str]), values (list[float64]).

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

train = load_dataset("Viharikvs/TFSMAG", "commodity_futures", split="train")
val = load_dataset("Viharikvs/TFSMAG", "commodity_futures", split="validation")
test = load_dataset("Viharikvs/TFSMAG", "commodity_futures", split="test")

series = train[0]
print(series["name"], len(series["values"]), "observations")

Configs

`commodity_futures` (51 series, daily) -- 9/10

28 instruments: 13 ag futures (corn, soybeans, wheat HRW/SRW, soybean meal/oil, cotton, coffee, sugar, cocoa, cattle, hogs, feeder cattle), 4 energy, 5 FX, 6 ag equities. Source: Yahoo Finance. As-of: 2026-04-17.

`usda_psd` (22,683 series, annual) -- 10/10

Complete USDA FAS PSD. All 5 commodity groups, 44 commodities, 209 countries, 12 S&D attributes. Source: apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline. As-of: 2025-04-09.

`usda_nass_progress` (2,761 series, weekly) -- 9/10

Crop progress + condition. 9 crops, 49 states, 28 phenological stages + condition ratings. Source: NASS Quick Stats bulk. As-of: 2026-04-18.

`usda_nass_production` (8,079 series, annual) -- 8/10

Production, yield, area, prices. 16 major crops, 52 states. Goes back to 1866. Source: NASS Quick Stats bulk. As-of: 2026-04-18.

`faostat` (488,456 series, annual) -- 10/10

COMPLETE UNFILTERED FAO data. 301 production items, 616 trade items, 235 price items. 283 countries. Production (74,873), Trade (391,262), Prices (52,751). Source: fenixservices.fao.org bulk downloads. As-of: 2024-12-23.

`climate_indices` (17 series, monthly) -- 9/10

ONI, MEI, SOI, PDO, NAO, AMO, IOD, PNA, AO, and 4 Nino SST regions (absolute + anomaly). Source: NOAA CPC/PSL/NCEI. As-of: 2026-03.

`india_mandi` (2,680 series, daily) -- 4/10

AGMARKNET modal prices. 5 commodities (Potato, Onion, Wheat, Tomato, Rice), 1,598 mandis, 30 states. Source: Kaggle scrape. As-of: 2025-06-11.

`weather_power` (528 series, daily) -- 8/10

NASA POWER agroclimatology. 12 parameters (temp mean/max/min, precip, solar, humidity, wind, root-zone soil moisture, profile soil moisture, dewpoint, surface pressure, evapotranspiration). 44 global ag regions spanning US, Brazil, Argentina, India, Ukraine, Russia, China, Australia, France, South Africa, Thailand, Indonesia, Canada, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Philippines, Kenya, Ethiopia. Source: power.larc.nasa.gov. As-of: 2025-12-31.

`wb_commodities` (51 series, monthly) -- 9/10

World Bank Pink Sheet. 5 fertilizers (DAP, TSP, Phosphate rock, Potassium chloride, Urea), grains, oilseeds, edible oils, softs, livestock, energy, fruits. 1960-2024. Source: worldbank.org CMO Historical Data. As-of: 2024-12.

`usda_rma_insurance` (19,816 series, annual) -- 8/10

USDA RMA Summary of Business. Premium, indemnity, liability, loss ratio, insured acres, policies. 246 crops, all states, 1989-2024. Source: pubfs-rma.fpac.usda.gov. As-of: 2024.

`cftc_cot` (430 series, weekly) -- 9/10

CFTC Commitments of Traders disaggregated + legacy. 21 agricultural markets (grains, oilseeds, softs, livestock, dairy, OJ, lumber). 21 position fields per market: commercial/non-commercial long/short/spread (legacy, 1995+), plus PMPU / Swap dealer / Managed money / Other reportable long/short/spread (disaggregated, 2010+). Source: CFTC bulk COT zips. As-of: 2026-04-14.

`nass_prices` (925 series, monthly) -- 8/10

USDA NASS Prices Received. Farm-gate monthly prices for 19 commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, sorghum, oats, barley, rice, sunflower, peanuts, canola, hay, rye, flaxseed, milk, cattle, hogs, eggs, turkeys) at national and state level. 1970-2026. Source: NASS Quick Stats API. As-of: 2026-02-27.

`calendar_spreads` (370 series, daily) -- 7/10

Calendar spreads reconstructed from Yahoo individual contract months. 10 commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat SRW, soy meal, soy oil, cotton, coffee, sugar, live cattle, lean hogs). All valid front-vs-deferred pairs within rolling 15-month window per commodity, not just adjacent. History limited to 2021-2026 by Yahoo contract retention. Source: Yahoo Finance via yfinance. As-of: 2026-04-17.

`calendar_spreads_deep` (550 series, daily) -- 9/10

Deep historical calendar spreads from TurtleTrader free individual contract archive. 16 commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat SRW, cotton, coffee, sugar, oats, OJ, feeder cattle, lean hogs, pork bellies, crude oil, gold, silver, copper, heating oil). All valid spread pairs, 1959-2004. 3M+ observations. Complements calendar_spreads (2021-2026) with 45 years of deep history. Source: turtletrader.com/hpd. As-of: 2002-2004 (static archive, no longer updated).

Data quality

Zero NaN, zero Inf across all values
Zero duplicate series_ids within any config/split (26 colliding spread-pair ids in v1 calendar_spreads were disambiguated with _2 suffixes)
All timestamps normalized to YYYY-MM-DD, strictly increasing within each series
Global temporal split: train <= 2023-12-31 < validation <= 2024-12-31 < test (see Split protocol)
~40k duplicated (series, timestamp) pairs at the v1 faostat train/test seam were deduplicated (first occurrence kept)
All-zero and constant series dropped
SOI climate index: timestamps sorted and deduplicated
Indian mandi: series with 60+ constant-price days dropped

Licensing

USDA (NASS, FAS PSD, RMA): US Government, public domain
NOAA: US Government, public domain
NASA POWER: US Government, public domain
FAOSTAT: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
World Bank: CC BY 4.0
AGMARKNET: Indian Government open data (NDSAP)
Yahoo Finance: Verify terms for commercial redistribution
TurtleTrader: Free public archive, verify terms for redistribution

Citation

@misc{tfsmag2026,
  title={TFSMAG: Time-Series Foundation Model for Agriculture},
  author={Vihari Kanukollu},
  year={2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/Viharikvs/TFSMAG},
}

TFSMAG: Time-Series Foundation Model for Agriculture

Split protocol (v2)

Dataset summary

Schema

Usage

Configs

commodity_futures (51 series, daily) -- 9/10

usda_psd (22,683 series, annual) -- 10/10

usda_nass_progress (2,761 series, weekly) -- 9/10

usda_nass_production (8,079 series, annual) -- 8/10

faostat (488,456 series, annual) -- 10/10

climate_indices (17 series, monthly) -- 9/10

india_mandi (2,680 series, daily) -- 4/10

weather_power (528 series, daily) -- 8/10

wb_commodities (51 series, monthly) -- 9/10

usda_rma_insurance (19,816 series, annual) -- 8/10

cftc_cot (430 series, weekly) -- 9/10

nass_prices (925 series, monthly) -- 8/10

calendar_spreads (370 series, daily) -- 7/10

calendar_spreads_deep (550 series, daily) -- 9/10