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Clean electricity.
Circular carbon.
IGAR.
BF-BOF.
IGAR.
BF-BOF.
Off gases from blast furnace.
Heating.
CO2 removal.
Shaft.
Tuyeres.
IGAR.
Circular gas and IGAR.
Status: demonstration.
IGAR (Injection of Gas Reductant in blast furnace) is a transformative technology for the blast furnace, key to transition to carbon neutral blast furnace technology. IGAR increases the re-use of off-gases in the blast furnace, reducing the consumption of coal per tonne of steel produced and cutting CO2e emissions by up to 20%.
It will capture waste carbon monoxide and hydrogen from steel gases and reinject into the blast furnace as a reductant gas. Additionally, this technology increases the concentration of hydrogen in blast furnace off-gases, increasing the amount of carbon captured in Carbalyst processes by increasing the production of biofuels and biochemicals. This technology will also allow green hydrogen to be injected directly into the blast furnace, as and when it becomes available and commercially viable.
This technology can be further leveraged by injecting additional carbon monoxide and hydrogen from external clean energy sources, such as green hydrogen, further reducing coal use, CO2e emissions and waste gases of other industries e.g. chemicals.
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Section 2 Our decarbonisation strategy 2.3 Our plans: the Smart Carbon route.
Dunkirk: 3D.
Status: Pilot.
A pilot project in Dunkirk aims to capture CO2 off-gases at a rate of 0.5 metric tonnes of CO2 per hour for transport and storage. The process uses low temperature heat available across the plant to separate CO2 from other off-gases from the blast furnace to create a pure low-pressure CO2 gas stream suitable for internal reuse or piping for storage. This process could significantly lower CO2 capture costs versus alternative technologies. Regional infrastructure would be requested for all local industrial companies in order to optimise usage and efficiency of the solution.
Expected completion date: 2023 3D impact and ramp up.
This carbon capture technology has the potential to be adopted across our blast furnace footprint but scaling will be highly dependent on development of CO2 transport and storage infrastructure in the regions we operate. We are actively engaged in carbon transport and storage at several locations in Europe and exploring the possibility in other regions.
Deployment of our 3D technology will be linked to the development of CO2 pipeline infrastructure, as well as deployment of CO2 reuse technologies in our blast furnaces.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2 3D Carbon capture.
Clean electricity and green hydrogen.
Carbon capture and storage Steelmaking Carbon capture and storage and blue hydrogen.
Circular carbon.
Carbon capture and storage Steelmaking Carbon capture and storage.
Clean electricity.
Circular carbon.
IGAR.
BF-BOF.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
Off gases from blast furnace.
Carbon capture.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
Carbon transport and sequester.
For reuse in blast furnace or for Carbalyst process.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2.
CO2 2.3.1.3 Announced projects – Blast furnace gas injection across ArcelorMittal Flat Europe sites.
ArcelorMittal Europe is implementing projects in almost all its flat products sites to use gases from different sources for blast furnace injection. Injecting hydrogen-rich coke oven gas is an efficient, cost-effective method that allows steelmakers to reduce CO2 emissions now.
ArcelorMittal Asturias has the most advanced coke oven gas project, with injection of recovered hydrogen and methane containing gases from the coke ovens, announced in February 2021.
The use of this innovative technology will result in a reduction in CO2 emissions of 125,000 tonnes a year.
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Section 2 Our decarbonisation strategy 2.3 Our plans: increased use of scrap.
Increased use of scrap.
As well as using scrap in the EAF, we can increase the use of low-quality scrap in BF-BOF steelmaking process by improving steel scrap sorting and classification, installing scrap premelting technology and adjusting the steelmaking process to accommodate scrap.
Photo: © Adobe.
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Section 2 Our decarbonisation strategy 2.3 Our plans: further projects under development 2.3.2 Further projects under development.
Our 2030 target also includes projects that are currently under discussion and development but have not yet been announced.
These include but are not limited to the following:
Europe: • Further investment in DRI and EAF installations linked to certain BF relines scheduled within the next decade • Additional smart carbon projects if and when current pilot projects prove successful.
ROW: • Implementation of upstream optimisation, specifically in the CIS region • Increased use of scrap and natural gas within the current footprint • Implementation of pelletising projects which will over time replace Group sintering processes • Project in NAFTA to be announced 2.3.3 Mining and shipping.
ArcelorMittal is developing different solutions to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from its mining and processing operations.
ArcelorMittal Mining Canada (AMMC) continues to study and trial zero carbon emissions iron ore pellet production. AMMC has undertaken trials to reduce its CO2e emissions associated with bunker fuel and solid fuels at the pellet plant through liquid fuel substitutions. It is working with the Global R&D team and ArcelorMittal’s experts to develop pellets with the objective of becoming the first zero carbon-emissions pellets supplier for the ArcelorMittal Group. These potential pathways include carbon capture, among other technologies. ArcelorMittal Liberia is exploring opportunities to reduce its GHG emissions by switching from largely diesel to the new West African ‘green power grid’.
ArcelorMittal Mining will also act as an enabler for ArcelorMittal’s current steelmaking transition from blast furnace processes to cleaner DRI-based EAF processes by increasing the ratio of DR pellet production capacity.
ArcelorMittal Termitau is developing a renewed strategy for its metallurgical coal mining operations, to ensure they meet the best safety standards possible whilst also significantly reducing the greenhouse gases that result from their methane-rich coal seams. Already at the Lenina mine, ArcelorMittal is developing a methane capture project, which converts the captured methane into electricity to power the underground mining equipment. When at full scale, such projects will enable the operations to be fully circular in terms of energy sourcing and use.
Through its joint venture Global Chartering with Drylog, ArcelorMittal also co-owns a small shipping business, enabling us to capture value in both upstream and downstream transportation aspects of our value chain. In line with the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)’s decarbonisation strategy, our existing ships comply with the latest Energy Efficiency Index benchmarks. Any new ships we purchase are designed to align with environmental expectations of the industry. With our technical partners, we are exploring the potential for the transition to alternative fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia; and given the capitalintensive nature of this transition, the policy conditions that will make this possible.
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Key to ensuring ArcelorMittal becomes net-zero by 2050 across all these parameters will be the five levers outlined earlier – steelmaking transformation, energy transformation, increased use of scrap, clean electricity and offsetting.
For those residual emissions that would remain hard to abate, we may rely on high quality offsets, removing equivalent volumes of GHG emissions from other activities outside ArcelorMittal’s control in order to ensure that our own operations do not, on balance, contribute to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Furthermore, we believe the steel industry is ideally positioned to become a key sector in carbon removals that will be increasingly necessary through 2050, and will dominate world’s decarbonisation efforts in the second half of this century. As one of the most efficient energy users of various streams of limited bioenergy available, and ease of capture of CO2 at the end of the process compared with other sectors such as power and cement, steel has potential for becoming the key industry to leverage bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
We recognise the importance of defining the constituent elements of net-zero to ensure we make necessary progress towards the challenge. The fundamental aspects of our net-zero outlook include: • Steelmaking: this means that all emissions within the boundary of core steelmaking emissions sources are incorporated into a net-zero target, incorporating the core carbon emissions of steelmaking, regardless of the level of vertical integration, including emissions from waste gas used for power generation, and the processing of iron ore reductants and other semi-processed inputs that are integral to iron and steelmaking, such as lime, pellets and coke and, in future, hydrogen and biomass. This has been outlined in the recent report by the Net-Zero Steel Pathway Methodology Project.
• Co-products: It is important to recognise that different steelmaking technologies produce various other products that directly substitute production needs of other industries, such as cement. Thus, it is important that carbon emissions are allocated to all co-products we produce apart from steel, placing the right carbon burden on products and ensuring the optimal technological decisions are taken to become carbon neutral. These include cement, electricity and, shortly, the basic building blocks for plastics.
• Mining and shipping: Ultimately, we need to work towards net-zero across our entire value chain as part of our net-zero by 2050 goal, including our mining and shipping emissions. ArcelorMittal’s significant iron ore mining activity provides an advantage. This vertical integration strengthens our ability to develop long term plans for the production and sourcing of DR pellets. In addition, we are working with our shipping partners to develop levers to decarbonise in line with the IMO strategy. See section 2.3.4, Shipping and Mining.
Section 2 Our decarbonisation strategy 2.3 Our plans: beyond 2030 2.3.4 Beyond 2030 – achieving net zero by 2050.
Photo: © ArcelorMittal.
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XCarb™ Innovation Fund.
Given the breadth and scale of the challenge, we know innovation will play an accelerator role in achieving net-zero by 2050. In March 2021, ArcelorMittal launched its $500 million innovation fund with the intention of making awards of up to $100 million a year to innovative businesses and technologies.
The first award of $10 million was made in June 2021 to Heliogen, a technology company focused on developing heat, electricity and fuels from concentrated solar energy. The Heliogen technology will be capable of creating 100% green hydrogen, which Heliogen is working to develop as its first fuel. ArcelorMittal and Heliogen have signed a Memorandum of Understanding which aims to evaluate the potential of Heliogen’s products in several of ArcelorMittal’s steel plants.
In July, ArcelorMittal announced it has invested $25 million in Form Energy, developer of breakthrough low-cost energy storage technology to enable a reliable, secure, and fully-renewable electric grid year-round. Alongside the investment, the two companies have signed a joint development agreement to explore the potential for ArcelorMittal to provide direct reduced iron, tailored to specific requirements, to Form Energy as the iron input into their battery technology.
Section 2 Our decarbonisation strategy 2.3 Our plans: beyond 2030.
ArcelorMittal invests $25 million in Form Energy. Photo: © Form energy.
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