| { |
| "paper_id": "P95-1000", |
| "header": { |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:33:55.366230Z" |
| }, |
| "title": "Finite-State Tools for Language Processing", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Hans", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Uszkoreit", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Beth", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Levin", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Emmanuel", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Roche", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Tutorial", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Sessions", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Ngrams", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Kenneth", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Ward", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Church", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Lynette", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Hirsehman", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Marc", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Vilain", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Gary", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Tajchman", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Daniel", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Jurafsky", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Eric", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Fosler", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Dan", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Gildea", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Lauri", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Karttunen", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Tanya", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Bowden", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "George", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Anton" |
| ], |
| "last": "Kiraz", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Victor", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Zue", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Carolyn", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Penstein" |
| ], |
| "last": "Ros~", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Barbara", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Di" |
| ], |
| "last": "Eugenio", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Lori", |
| "middle": [ |
| "S" |
| ], |
| "last": "Levin", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Carol", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Van Ess-Dykema", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Tetsuya", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Nasukawa", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Mark", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Lauer", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Bill", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Keller", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Samuel", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Bayer", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Mark", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Johnson", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Roger", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Evans", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Gerald", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Gazdar", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "David", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Weir", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Thilo", |
| "middle": [ |
| "W" |
| ], |
| "last": "Goetz", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Walt", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Detmar" |
| ], |
| "last": "Meurers", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Robert", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Kasper", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Bernd", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Kiefer", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Klans", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Netter", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "K", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Vijay-Shanker", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Jochen", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Dsrre", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Diane", |
| "middle": [ |
| "J" |
| ], |
| "last": "Litman", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Rebecca", |
| "middle": [ |
| "J" |
| ], |
| "last": "Passonneau", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Norbert", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Reithinger", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Elisabeth", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Mater", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Chinatsu", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Aone", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Scott", |
| "middle": [ |
| "William" |
| ], |
| "last": "Bennett", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Bonnie", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Webber", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Megan", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Moser", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Johanna", |
| "middle": [ |
| "D" |
| ], |
| "last": "Moore", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Jennifer", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Chu-Carroll", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Sandra", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Carberry", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Daniel", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Marcu", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Graeme", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Hirst", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Owen", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Rambow", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Sanguthevar", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Rajasekaran", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Shibu", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Yooseph", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Andreas", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Kathol", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Carl", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Pollard", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "The", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Boston", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Computer", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Museum", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Douglas", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Appelt" |
| ], |
| "last": "Thursday", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Alpha", |
| "middle": [ |
| "K" |
| ], |
| "last": "Luk", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "David", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Yarowsky", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Vasileios", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Hatzivassiloglou", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Kathleen", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Mckeown", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Jong", |
| "middle": [ |
| "C" |
| ], |
| "last": "Park", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Seth", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Kulick", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Douglas", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Appelt", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Eric", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Sven" |
| ], |
| "last": "Ristad", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Robert", |
| "middle": [ |
| "G" |
| ], |
| "last": "Thomas", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Stanley", |
| "middle": [ |
| "F" |
| ], |
| "last": "Chen", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Pascale", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Fung", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Dekai", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Wu", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Kevin", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Knight", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Victor", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Poznafiski", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "John", |
| "middle": [ |
| "L" |
| ], |
| "last": "Beaven", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Pete", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Whitelock", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "B", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Srinivas", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Aravind", |
| "middle": [ |
| "K :" |
| ], |
| "last": "Ioshi", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "David", |
| "middle": [ |
| "M" |
| ], |
| "last": "Magerman", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Vlll", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Eric", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "George", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Anton", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Carolyn", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Penstein", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Barbara", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Di", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Lena", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Str6mbgck", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Gerald", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Klaus", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Netter", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Elisabeth", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Maier", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Scott", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "William", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Eric", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Sven", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Pete", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Rajeev", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Agarwal", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Milan", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Mosny", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Reinhard", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Rapp", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "James", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Shaw", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": "", |
| "venue": null, |
| "identifiers": {}, |
| "abstract": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held from 26-30 June at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In a separate section, it also contains the papers that were selected by the student program committee for presentation at the student poster session. A large number of people in many places have contributed to the success of this year's meeting. First of all I would like to thank our keynote speakers Bonnie Webber and Victor Zue for accepting our invitation to present their exciting research at the meeting. As tutorial chair Yves Shabes organized an attractive and balanced pre-conference program. Special thanks go to the instructors he enlisted: Beth Levin (Northwestern University), Emmanuel Roche (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories), Kenneth Ward Church (AT&T Bell Laboratories), and Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain (The Mitre Corporation). Robert Berwick served as the local arrangements chair. Together with his students and staff he put much thought and a tremendous amount of work into the organization of registration, rooms, exhibits, demonstrations, banquet, as well as the general logistics of the conference. Kathy McKeown, the new Secretary/Treasurer of the ACL, assumed a very active role in the preparation of the conference. In an observant and insistent way she checked on deadlines and formats and made sure that the communication among the different organizers never stalled. I particularly want to express my gratitude to Joanne Capstick for assisting me in a calm and efficient way during all phases of the preparation of the program and of these proceedings. She did the actual work. Thorsten Brants and other members of our local staff helped with printing and formatting. The traditional reviewing process of the ACL puts a heavy burden on the members of the program committee. This year each member had to read and evaluate up to 20 papers. They performed this work in a very careful and efficient manner. We followed the tradition of 'blind' reviewing which, although not watertight, had proved very effective in previous years. The final selection was made in an intensive one-day meeting in New York City. I want the members of the program committee to know that their enormous work is greatly appreciated by all of us. It was a great pleasure to work with these delightful colleagues:", |
| "pdf_parse": { |
| "paper_id": "P95-1000", |
| "_pdf_hash": "", |
| "abstract": [ |
| { |
| "text": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held from 26-30 June at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In a separate section, it also contains the papers that were selected by the student program committee for presentation at the student poster session. A large number of people in many places have contributed to the success of this year's meeting. First of all I would like to thank our keynote speakers Bonnie Webber and Victor Zue for accepting our invitation to present their exciting research at the meeting. As tutorial chair Yves Shabes organized an attractive and balanced pre-conference program. Special thanks go to the instructors he enlisted: Beth Levin (Northwestern University), Emmanuel Roche (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories), Kenneth Ward Church (AT&T Bell Laboratories), and Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain (The Mitre Corporation). Robert Berwick served as the local arrangements chair. Together with his students and staff he put much thought and a tremendous amount of work into the organization of registration, rooms, exhibits, demonstrations, banquet, as well as the general logistics of the conference. Kathy McKeown, the new Secretary/Treasurer of the ACL, assumed a very active role in the preparation of the conference. In an observant and insistent way she checked on deadlines and formats and made sure that the communication among the different organizers never stalled. I particularly want to express my gratitude to Joanne Capstick for assisting me in a calm and efficient way during all phases of the preparation of the program and of these proceedings. She did the actual work. Thorsten Brants and other members of our local staff helped with printing and formatting. The traditional reviewing process of the ACL puts a heavy burden on the members of the program committee. This year each member had to read and evaluate up to 20 papers. They performed this work in a very careful and efficient manner. We followed the tradition of 'blind' reviewing which, although not watertight, had proved very effective in previous years. The final selection was made in an intensive one-day meeting in New York City. I want the members of the program committee to know that their enormous work is greatly appreciated by all of us. It was a great pleasure to work with these delightful colleagues:", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Abstract", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "body_text": [ |
| { |
| "text": "Beth Levin, Northwestern University There has been a growing interest in lexical semantics over the last ten years. This interest can be traced to the increased importance of the lexicon in many linguistic frameworks; this in turn has led to the serious investigation of the relationship between syntax and word meaning. During the same period the acquisition and representation of lexical information have become central loci of work in computational linguistics. This tutorial will introduce computational linguists to lexical semantics and review recent developments in this area. I will begin by setting out the notion of semantically-coherent verb class, which has proved valuable to the lexical classification of verbs, and by discussing its implications for the representation of lexical knowledge and the lexical semantics-syntax mapping. Organizing principles of the verb lexicon will be covered, as will certain complications presented by polysemy. Finally, I will sketch some similarities and divergences in lexical organization between languages.", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 5, |
| "end": 35, |
| "text": "Levin, Northwestern University", |
| "ref_id": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Lexical Semantics", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Finite-state tools have been part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) since the beginning. However, whereas many techniques are now considered standard, very few of the most recent mathematical results are known to non-mathematicians or have been incorporated into concrete applications. Moreover, mathematical presentations are often concerned with proofs and not necessarily constructive algorithms; and so it is only recently that many practical algorithmic issues have started to be addressed. As will be seen in this tutorial, contributions of finite-state processing to NLP range from strong efficiency improvements of old techniques to radically new solutions. The tutorial will be self-contained and should be accessible to those with basic computer science and linguistic knowledge. It will first briefly give a list of pointers to the classical results and it will then present recent results, such as decomposition of finite-state transducers and subminimal compression. Each technique will be systematically illustrated through applications to morphology, phonology, and local and global syntax.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Emmanuel Roche, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Text is more available than ever before: dictionaries, corpora, email, faxes. Many laboratories have tens of millions of words, and some even have billions. What can we do with it all? It is better to do something than nothing at all. We will show some very simple Unix(TM) programs for counting words and ngrams, and generating concordances. Word and ngram counts have been used in a wide variety of applications: part of speech tagging, speech recognition, spelling correction, text compression, word-sense disambiguation, information retrieval, and author identification. In the past, we have tended to focus our attention on bigrams and trigrams. Suffix arrays make it practical to search for 5-grams, 50-grams and even 5000-grams. Long ngrams are far more common than you might have thought. In Genesis, for example, there are hundreds of repeated sequences of 50 characters or more such as: \"Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth.\" We have to be careful when using long ngrams in prediction tasks; poor estimates of context can be worse than none. How do we estimate the probability of ngrams we haven't seen? How do we combine ngrams of different lengths? Probabilities depend on a variety of hidden variables: topic, author, genre, etc. How do we compensate for the fact that text is more than just a bag of words?", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Kenneth Ward Church, AT~T Bell Laboratories", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Extracting Information from the MUC", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Kenneth Ward Church, AT~T Bell Laboratories", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This tutorial will review the rapid progress in information extraction systems (Mso called message understanding systems) over the past decade. These systems have grown from fragile toy systems to robust systems achieving recall and precision of around 60% on complex extraction tasks. This progress has been closely linked to the introduction of formM evaluation methods used in the Message Understanding Conferences (MUCs). In the first half of the tutoriM, we will trace the evolution from the early MUC conferences to the present, tracking the interplay of evaluation and technological progress, focusing on advances such as robust parsing, special purpose processors (e.g., phrase and name identification), and faster, simpler systems. In the second half of this tutorial, we will focus on portability, highlighting the importance of shared resources (annotated corpora, lexicons, etc.) and corpus-based techniques, including machine learning and statistical approaches. We will consider ways to bootstrap into new domains, to combine rules derived from experts with corpus-based rules, and to reduce the demands of development of training corpora. We will illustrate this in part with recent results at MITRE in transformation-based learning.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain, The Mitre Corporation", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "These proceedings include the extended abstracts for the poster presentations at the Student Session of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. The goal of the Student Session is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress, rather than completed work, and to receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community, particularly senior researchers. The response to the ACL Student Sessions held during the previous years was very positive. The student authors consistently report that they find the Student Sessions valuable, and answers to questionnaires filled out by ACL members (most recently in 1994) indicate that the audiences find the sessions interesting and of high quality.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This year, a new format has been adopted on a trial basis. Instead of brief ten-minute presentations in parallel sessions, student authors will have the opportunity to present their work in a special poster session, with a higher potential for one-on-one discussions of the details and future directions of their research. Comments on the success of this experiment are actively sought from both the student authors and the ACL membership at large, to determine the optimal format that the sessions should have in the future.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Forty-eight papers were submitted to the ACL Student Session in 1995, thus equalling the previous highest number of submissions, from 1992. Out of these, we were able to accept nineteen papers, an all-time high. The increased number of accepted papers is partly due to the higher flexibility offered by the poster format. Nevertheless, we still had to leave out a number of interesting papers. We thank all the authors for their submissions, and hope that the reviews encourage them in their research, provide constructive criticism, and introduce them to the process of disseminating their work more broadly.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "We are grateful to the reviewers for providing helpful, detailed reviews of the submissions under a very tight time schedule. We thank the student members of the ACL 1995 Student Session Program Committee,", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "back_matter": [], |
| "bib_entries": { |
| "BIBREF0": { |
| "ref_id": "b0", |
| "title": "helped plan the Student Session and served as reviewers", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "helped plan the Student Session and served as reviewers: Jennifer Chu-Carroll, University of Delaware;", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF4": { |
| "ref_id": "b4", |
| "title": "Carl de Marcken, in addition to his duties as a Program Committee member, served as liaison to the Local Arrangements Committee; we thank Robert Berwick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for his help with these issues. We also thank the nonstudent members of the Student Session Program Committee, who provided reviews and their invaluable experience as senior researchers: Susan Armstrong", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Karen", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Ward", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": ";", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Oregon Graduate Institute", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "R. Michael", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Young", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Karen Ward, Oregon Graduate In- stitute; and R. Michael Young, University of Pittsburgh. Carl de Marcken, in addition to his duties as a Program Committee member, served as liaison to the Local Arrangements Committee; we thank Robert Berwick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for his help with these issues. We also thank the non- student members of the Student Session Program Committee, who provided reviews and their invaluable experience as senior researchers: Susan Armstrong, ISSCO; Nicholas Asher, University of Texas at Austin;", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF10": { |
| "ref_id": "b10", |
| "title": "Judith Klavans (Columbia University), and Gertjan van Noord (Alfa-Informatica and BCN Groningen), who served as specialist reviewers. Finally, we are grateful to last year's Student Session chairs, Beryl Hoffman ( University of Pennsylvania) and Rebecca Passonneau (C01umbia University), as well as to Philip Resnik", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Dekai", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Wu", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "addition, we thank Chung Hee Hwang ( University of Rochester)", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "and Dekai Wu, National Technical University of Hong Kong. In addition, we thank Chung Hee Hwang ( Uni- versity of Rochester), Judith Klavans (Columbia University), and Gertjan van Noord (Alfa-Informatica and BCN Groningen), who served as specialist reviewers. Finally, we are grateful to last year's Student Session chairs, Beryl Hoffman ( University of Pennsylvania) and Rebecca Passonneau (C01umbia University), as well as to Philip Resnik (Sun Microsystems), for their advice and guidance.", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF58": { |
| "ref_id": "b58", |
| "title": "261 Raj asekaran", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Victor", |
| "middle": [ |
| ". ..............." |
| ], |
| "last": "Poznarlski", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [ |
| ". . . ." |
| ], |
| "last": "Sanguthevar", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Poznarlski, Victor ................... 261 Raj asekaran, Sanguthevar .......... 166", |
| "links": null |
| } |
| }, |
| "ref_entries": {} |
| } |
| } |
