context stringlengths 4 1.46k | target stringlengths 1 70 | polysemous dict | correct_definitions_in_context listlengths 1 3 | correct_definition_key listlengths 1 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
It is conceived that one of the means to attain this social distance is that of physical and social isolation. | attain | {
"name": "attain",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"to gain with effort",
"reach a point in time, or a certain state or level",
"find unexpectedly",
"reach a destination, either real or abstract"
]
} | [
"to gain with effort"
] | [
"attain%2:41:00::"
] |
It is conceived that one of the means to attain this social distance is that of physical and social isolation. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
In turn, higher fertility rates for this population provide a means of increasing the numerical quantity of the population, allowing for the possibility of greater stability and unity. | provide | {
"name": "provide",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give something useful or necessary to",
"give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance",
"determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation",
"mount or put up",... | [
"give something useful or necessary to"
] | [
"provide%2:40:00::"
] |
In turn, higher fertility rates for this population provide a means of increasing the numerical quantity of the population, allowing for the possibility of greater stability and unity. | increasing | {
"name": "increase",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a quantity that is added",
"a change resulting in an increase",
"a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important",
"the amount by which something increases",
"the act of increasing something",
"become bigger or grea... | [
"become bigger or greater in amount"
] | [
"increase%2:30:00::"
] |
In turn, higher fertility rates for this population provide a means of increasing the numerical quantity of the population, allowing for the possibility of greater stability and unity. | allowing for | {
"name": "allow_for",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain"
]
} | [
"make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain"
] | [
"allow_for%2:42:00::"
] |
The population can thereby replenish itself and actually grow larger. | replenish | {
"name": "replenish",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"fill something that had previously been emptied"
]
} | [
"fill something that had previously been emptied"
] | [
"replenish%2:30:00::"
] |
The population can thereby replenish itself and actually grow larger. | grow | {
"name": "grow",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become",
"become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain",
"increase in size by natural process",
"cause to grow or develop",
"develop and reach maturity; undergo maturati... | [
"become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain"
] | [
"grow%2:30:00::"
] |
Of particular utility in the analysis of the development, persistence, and change of social systems has been the use of the master or comprehensive processes. | been | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
Loomis considers six such processes in his paradigm. | considers | {
"name": "consider",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"deem to be",
"give careful consideration to",
"take into consideration for exemplifying purposes",
"show consideration for; take into account",
"think about carefully; weigh",
"judge or regard; look upon; judge",
"look at attentively",
... | [
"give careful consideration to"
] | [
"consider%2:39:00::"
] |
Institutionalization Though undoubtedly all six processes are operative within the whole social system and its subsystems, two processes that are of crucial importance to this study will be singled out for particular emphasis : | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Institutionalization Though undoubtedly all six processes are operative within the whole social system and its subsystems, two processes that are of crucial importance to this study will be singled out for particular emphasis : | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Institutionalization Though undoubtedly all six processes are operative within the whole social system and its subsystems, two processes that are of crucial importance to this study will be singled out for particular emphasis : | singled out | {
"name": "single_out",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"select from a group",
"treat differently on the basis of sex or race"
]
} | [
"select from a group"
] | [
"single_out%2:31:00::"
] |
In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''. | discussing | {
"name": "discuss",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"an athletic competition in which a disk-shaped object is thrown as far as possible",
"a disk used in throwing competitions",
"to consider or examine in speech or writing",
"speak with others about (something); talk (something) over in detail; have a ... | [
"to consider or examine in speech or writing"
] | [
"discuss%2:32:01::"
] |
In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''. | defines | {
"name": "define",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"determine the essential quality of",
"give a definition for the meaning of a word",
"determine the nature of",
"show the form or outline of",
"decide upon or fix definitely"
]
} | [
"give a definition for the meaning of a word"
] | [
"define%2:32:00::"
] |
In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''. | transmitted | {
"name": "transmit",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"transfer to another",
"transmit or serve as the medium for transmission",
"broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television",
"send from one person or place to another"
]
} | [
"transfer to another"
] | [
"transmit%2:40:10::"
] |
In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''. | formed | {
"name": "form",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something",
"a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality",
"a perceptual structure",
"any spatial attributes (especia... | [
"develop into a distinctive entity"
] | [
"form%2:42:02::"
] |
In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''. | modified | {
"name": "modify",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make less severe or harsh or extreme",
"add a modifier to a constituent",
"cause to change; make different; cause a transformation"
]
} | [
"make less severe or harsh or extreme"
] | [
"modify%2:30:00::"
] |
Communication may be facilitated by means of the high visibility within the larger community. | facilitated | {
"name": "facilitate",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make easier",
"be of use",
"increase the likelihood of (a response)"
]
} | [
"make easier"
] | [
"facilitate%2:30:00::"
] |
Intense interaction is easier where segregated living and occupational segregation mark off a group from the rest of the community, as in the case of this population. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Intense interaction is easier where segregated living and occupational segregation mark off a group from the rest of the community, as in the case of this population. | mark off | {
"name": "mark_off",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"set boundaries to and delimit",
"put a check mark on or near or next to"
]
} | [
"set boundaries to and delimit"
] | [
"mark_off%2:30:00::"
] |
However, the factor of physical isolation is not a static situation. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
Although the Brandywine population is still predominantly rural, `` there are indications of a consistent and a statistically significant trend away from the older and relatively isolated rural communities & & & urbanization appears to be an important factor in the disintegration of this group. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Although the Brandywine population is still predominantly rural, `` there are indications of a consistent and a statistically significant trend away from the older and relatively isolated rural communities & & & urbanization appears to be an important factor in the disintegration of this group. | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"happen, occur, take place"
] | [
"be%2:42:04::"
] |
Although the Brandywine population is still predominantly rural, `` there are indications of a consistent and a statistically significant trend away from the older and relatively isolated rural communities & & & urbanization appears to be an important factor in the disintegration of this group. | appears | {
"name": "appear",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect",
"come into sight or view",
"be issued or published",
"seem to be true, probable, or apparent",
"come into being or existence, or appear on the scene",
"appear as a character on stage... | [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
] | [
"appear%2:39:00::"
] |
Although the Brandywine population is still predominantly rural, `` there are indications of a consistent and a statistically significant trend away from the older and relatively isolated rural communities & & & urbanization appears to be an important factor in the disintegration of this group. | be | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
This conclusion is, however, an over-simplification. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
A more realistic analysis must take into account the fact that Brandywine people in the urban-fringe area are, in general, less segregated locally than group members in rural areas. | take into account | {
"name": "take_into_account",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something"
]
} | [
"allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something"
] | [
"take_into_account%2:31:00::"
] |
A more realistic analysis must take into account the fact that Brandywine people in the urban-fringe area are, in general, less segregated locally than group members in rural areas. | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
In the urban area, in other words, they, unlike some urban ethnic groups, do not concentrate in ghetto colonies. | concentrate | {
"name": "concentrate",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore",
"a concentrated form of a foodstuff; the bulk is reduced by removing water",
"a concentrated example of something",
"make denser, stronger, or purer",
"direc... | [
"draw together or meet in one common center"
] | [
"concentrate%2:38:00::"
] |
Group pressures toward conformity are slight or non-existent, and deviant behavior in mate selection incurs few if any social sanctions. | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Group pressures toward conformity are slight or non-existent, and deviant behavior in mate selection incurs few if any social sanctions. | incurs | {
"name": "incur",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to",
"receive a specified treatment (abstract)"
]
} | [
"make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to"
] | [
"incur%2:42:00::"
] |
In such a setting social contacts and associations are likely to be heterogamous, resulting in a change of values and almost necessarily, in mate selection behavior. | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
In such a setting social contacts and associations are likely to be heterogamous, resulting in a change of values and almost necessarily, in mate selection behavior. | be | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
In such a setting social contacts and associations are likely to be heterogamous, resulting in a change of values and almost necessarily, in mate selection behavior. | resulting | {
"name": "result",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon",
"a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem",
"something that results",
"the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the... | [
"have as a result or residue"
] | [
"result%2:42:02::"
] |
To the extent that urban life contributes to the breakdown of the group patterns of residential isolation, to that extent it contributes directly to increased exogamy ''. | contributes | {
"name": "contribute",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"bestow a quality on",
"contribute to some cause",
"be conducive to",
"provide"
]
} | [
"be conducive to"
] | [
"contribute%2:41:12::"
] |
To the extent that urban life contributes to the breakdown of the group patterns of residential isolation, to that extent it contributes directly to increased exogamy ''. | contributes | {
"name": "contribute",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"bestow a quality on",
"contribute to some cause",
"be conducive to",
"provide"
]
} | [
"bestow a quality on"
] | [
"contribute%2:40:01::"
] |
The process of social control is operative insofar as sanctions play a part in the individual 's behavior, as well as the group 's behavior. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
The process of social control is operative insofar as sanctions play a part in the individual 's behavior, as well as the group 's behavior. | play | {
"name": "play",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage",
"a theatrical performance of a drama",
"a preset plan of action in team sports",
"a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill",
"a state in which action is feasible"... | [
"act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome"
] | [
"play%2:41:12::"
] |
By means of this social control, deviance is either eliminated or somehow made compatible with the function of the social group. | eliminated | {
"name": "eliminate",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"terminate, end, or take out",
"do away with",
"kill in large numbers",
"dismiss from consideration or a contest",
"eliminate from the body",
"remove from a contest or race",
"remove (an unknown variable) from two or more equations"
]
... | [
"terminate, end, or take out"
] | [
"eliminate%2:30:01::"
] |
By means of this social control, deviance is either eliminated or somehow made compatible with the function of the social group. | made | {
"name": "make",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a recognizable kind",
"the act of mixing cards haphazardly",
"engage in",
"give certain properties to something",
"make or cause to be or to become",
"cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner",
"give rise to; cause to happen or occur,... | [
"give certain properties to something"
] | [
"make%2:30:00::"
] |
Examples from this population indicate that deviance seems to be sanctioned by ostracism from the group. | indicate | {
"name": "indicate",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"be a signal for or a symptom of",
"indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively",
"to state or express briefly",
"give evidence of",
"suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine"
]
} | [
"indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively"
] | [
"indicate%2:32:03::"
] |
Examples from this population indicate that deviance seems to be sanctioned by ostracism from the group. | seems | {
"name": "seem",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect",
"seem to be true, probable, or apparent",
"appear to exist",
"appear to one's own mind or opinion"
]
} | [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
] | [
"seem%2:39:00::"
] |
Examples from this population indicate that deviance seems to be sanctioned by ostracism from the group. | sanctioned | {
"name": "sanction",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"formal and explicit approval",
"a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards",
"official permission or approval",
"the act of final authorization",
"give sanction to",
"give authority or permission to",
"give religio... | [
"give sanction to"
] | [
"sanction%2:32:01::"
] |
Confused and divided though this tradition may be, it is an important part of the social and cultural heritage of the group, and acts as a means of socialization, particularly for members of the rural community. | be | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Confused and divided though this tradition may be, it is an important part of the social and cultural heritage of the group, and acts as a means of socialization, particularly for members of the rural community. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
Confused and divided though this tradition may be, it is an important part of the social and cultural heritage of the group, and acts as a means of socialization, particularly for members of the rural community. | acts as | {
"name": "act_as",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"function as or act like",
"pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind"
]
} | [
"function as or act like"
] | [
"act_as%2:42:00::"
] |
The fact of Indian ancestry and `` free '' status during the days of slavery, are important distinctions made by members of the group. | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
The fact of Indian ancestry and `` free '' status during the days of slavery, are important distinctions made by members of the group. | made | {
"name": "make",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a recognizable kind",
"the act of mixing cards haphazardly",
"engage in",
"give certain properties to something",
"make or cause to be or to become",
"cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner",
"give rise to; cause to happen or occur,... | [
"make, formulate, or derive in the mind"
] | [
"make%2:31:00::"
] |
`` Culturally induced social cohesion resulting from common norms and values internalized by members of the group '' is operative in the boundary maintenance of the group as well as in the process of socialization. | resulting | {
"name": "result",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon",
"a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem",
"something that results",
"the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the... | [
"issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end"
] | [
"result%2:42:00::"
] |
`` Culturally induced social cohesion resulting from common norms and values internalized by members of the group '' is operative in the boundary maintenance of the group as well as in the process of socialization. | internalized | {
"name": "internalize",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"incorporate within oneself; make subjective or personal"
]
} | [
"incorporate within oneself; make subjective or personal"
] | [
"internalize%2:31:00::"
] |
`` Culturally induced social cohesion resulting from common norms and values internalized by members of the group '' is operative in the boundary maintenance of the group as well as in the process of socialization. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
The process of boundary maintenance identifies and preserves the social system or subsystems, and the characteristic interaction is maintained. | identifies | {
"name": "identify",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something",
"give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property",
"consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else",
"conceive o... | [
"recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something"
] | [
"identify%2:31:00::"
] |
The process of boundary maintenance identifies and preserves the social system or subsystems, and the characteristic interaction is maintained. | preserves | {
"name": "preserve",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a domain that seems to be specially reserved for someone",
"a reservation where animals are protected",
"fruit preserved by cooking with sugar",
"keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last",
"keep in safety and protect from... | [
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction"
] | [
"preserve%2:40:00::"
] |
The process of boundary maintenance identifies and preserves the social system or subsystems, and the characteristic interaction is maintained. | maintained | {
"name": "maintain",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g.,",
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction",
"supply with necessities and support",
"state categorically",
"have and exercise",
"maintain for use and service",
... | [
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction"
] | [
"maintain%2:40:00::"
] |
As the threat of encroachment on the system increases, the `` probability of applied boundary maintenance mechanisms increases ''. | increases | {
"name": "increase",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a quantity that is added",
"a change resulting in an increase",
"a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important",
"the amount by which something increases",
"the act of increasing something",
"become bigger or grea... | [
"become bigger or greater in amount"
] | [
"increase%2:30:00::"
] |
As the threat of encroachment on the system increases, the `` probability of applied boundary maintenance mechanisms increases ''. | increases | {
"name": "increase",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a quantity that is added",
"a change resulting in an increase",
"a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important",
"the amount by which something increases",
"the act of increasing something",
"become bigger or grea... | [
"become bigger or greater in amount"
] | [
"increase%2:30:00::"
] |
The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function, though a latent one, of the process of maintaining the boundary. | seem | {
"name": "seem",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect",
"seem to be true, probable, or apparent",
"appear to exist",
"appear to one's own mind or opinion"
]
} | [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
] | [
"seem%2:39:00::"
] |
The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function, though a latent one, of the process of maintaining the boundary. | be | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function, though a latent one, of the process of maintaining the boundary. | maintaining | {
"name": "maintain",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g.,",
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction",
"supply with necessities and support",
"state categorically",
"have and exercise",
"maintain for use and service",
... | [
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction"
] | [
"maintain%2:40:00::"
] |
`` Increased boundary maintenance may be achieved, for example, by assigning a higher primacy or evaluation to activities characteristic of the external pattern ''. | achieved | {
"name": "achieve",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"to gain with effort"
]
} | [
"to gain with effort"
] | [
"achieve%2:41:00::"
] |
`` Increased boundary maintenance may be achieved, for example, by assigning a higher primacy or evaluation to activities characteristic of the external pattern ''. | assigning | {
"name": "assign",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)",
"give out",
"attribute or credit to",
"select something or someone for a specific purpose",
"attribute or give",
"make undue claims to having",
"transfer one's ri... | [
"attribute or credit to"
] | [
"assign%2:31:02::"
] |
The external pattern or external system can be considered as `` group behavior that enables the group to survive in its environment ''. | considered | {
"name": "consider",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"deem to be",
"give careful consideration to",
"take into consideration for exemplifying purposes",
"show consideration for; take into account",
"think about carefully; weigh",
"judge or regard; look upon; judge",
"look at attentively",
... | [
"deem to be"
] | [
"consider%2:31:00::"
] |
The external pattern or external system can be considered as `` group behavior that enables the group to survive in its environment ''. | enables | {
"name": "enable",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"render capable or able for some task"
]
} | [
"render capable or able for some task"
] | [
"enable%2:30:00::"
] |
The external pattern or external system can be considered as `` group behavior that enables the group to survive in its environment ''. | survive | {
"name": "survive",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"continue to live through hardship or adversity",
"continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)",
"support oneself",
"live longer than"
]
} | [
"continue to live through hardship or adversity"
] | [
"survive%2:42:01::"
] |
Boundary maintenance for this group would seem to be primarily social, as is the preference for endogamy. | seem | {
"name": "seem",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect",
"seem to be true, probable, or apparent",
"appear to exist",
"appear to one's own mind or opinion"
]
} | [
"give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
] | [
"seem%2:39:00::"
] |
Boundary maintenance for this group would seem to be primarily social, as is the preference for endogamy. | be | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Boundary maintenance for this group would seem to be primarily social, as is the preference for endogamy. | is | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"be identical to; be someone or something"
] | [
"be%2:42:06::"
] |
It is also expressed in the proscription against deviants in the matter of endogamy, particularly in rural areas. | expressed | {
"name": "express",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system",
"public transport consisting of a fast train or bus that makes only a few scheduled stops",
"rapid transport of goods",
"give expression to",
"articulate; either verbally or with a cry, s... | [
"give expression to"
] | [
"express%2:32:01::"
] |
By their pattern of endogamy and exogamy, the core families and the marginal families show distinct limits to the intergroup contact they maintain. | show | {
"name": "show",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining",
"something intended to communicate a particular impression",
"a social event involving a public performance or entertainment",
"pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression",
... | [
"give an exhibition of to an interested audience"
] | [
"show%2:39:02::"
] |
By their pattern of endogamy and exogamy, the core families and the marginal families show distinct limits to the intergroup contact they maintain. | maintain | {
"name": "maintain",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g.,",
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction",
"supply with necessities and support",
"state categorically",
"have and exercise",
"maintain for use and service",
... | [
"keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction"
] | [
"maintain%2:40:00::"
] |
Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit. | describes | {
"name": "describe",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"give a description of",
"to give an account or representation of in words",
"make a mark or lines on a surface",
"identify as in botany or biology, for example"
]
} | [
"give a description of"
] | [
"describe%2:32:00::"
] |
Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit. | defined | {
"name": "define",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"determine the essential quality of",
"give a definition for the meaning of a word",
"determine the nature of",
"show the form or outline of",
"decide upon or fix definitely"
]
} | [
"give a definition for the meaning of a word"
] | [
"define%2:32:00::"
] |
Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit. | articulated | {
"name": "articulate",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"provide with a joint",
"put into words or an expression",
"speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way",
"unite by forming a joint or joints",
"express or state clearly",
"expressing yourself easily or characterized by clear expressive lan... | [
"provide with a joint"
] | [
"articulate%2:40:00::"
] |
Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit. | viewed as | {
"name": "view_as",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view"
]
} | [
"keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view"
] | [
"view_as%2:31:00::"
] |
There was a time some years ago when local taxation by the cities and towns was sufficient to support their own operations and a part of the cost of the state government as well. | was | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"happen, occur, take place"
] | [
"be%2:42:04::"
] |
There was a time some years ago when local taxation by the cities and towns was sufficient to support their own operations and a part of the cost of the state government as well. | was | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
There was a time some years ago when local taxation by the cities and towns was sufficient to support their own operations and a part of the cost of the state government as well. | support | {
"name": "support",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities",
"aiding the cause or policy or interests of",
"something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest",
"a military operation (often involving n... | [
"support materially or financially"
] | [
"support%2:40:00::"
] |
For many years a state tax on cities and towns was paid by the several municipalities to the state from the proceeds of the general property tax. | paid | {
"name": "pay",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"something that remunerates",
"give money, usually in exchange for goods or services",
"convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow",
"cancel or discharge a debt",
"bring in",
"do or give something to somebody in return",
"ded... | [
"give money, usually in exchange for goods or services"
] | [
"pay%2:40:00::"
] |
This tax was discontinued in 1936. | discontinued | {
"name": "discontinue",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"put an end to a state or an activity",
"come to or be at an end",
"prevent completion"
]
} | [
"put an end to a state or an activity"
] | [
"discontinue%2:42:00::"
] |
Since that time the demands of the citizens for new and expanded services have placed financial burdens on the state which could not have been foreseen in earlier years. | placed | {
"name": "place",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a point located with respect to surface features of some region",
"any area set aside for a particular purpose",
"an abstract mental location",
"a general vicinity",
"the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another",
... | [
"put into a certain place or abstract location"
] | [
"place%2:35:00::"
] |
Since that time the demands of the citizens for new and expanded services have placed financial burdens on the state which could not have been foreseen in earlier years. | foreseen | {
"name": "foresee",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"realize beforehand",
"picture to oneself; imagine possible",
"act in advance of; deal with ahead of time"
]
} | [
"act in advance of; deal with ahead of time"
] | [
"foresee%2:41:00::"
] |
At the same time there has been an upgrading and expansion of municipal services as well. | been | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"happen, occur, take place"
] | [
"be%2:42:04::"
] |
Thus, there has come into being a situation in which the state must raise all of its own revenues and, in addition, must give assistance to its local governments. | come into being | {
"name": "come_into_being",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"be born or come into existence"
]
} | [
"be born or come into existence"
] | [
"come_into_being%2:30:01::"
] |
Thus, there has come into being a situation in which the state must raise all of its own revenues and, in addition, must give assistance to its local governments. | raise | {
"name": "raise",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the amount a salary is increased",
"an upward slope or grade (as in a road)",
"increasing the size of a bet (as in poker)",
"the act of raising something",
"raise the level or amount of something",
"raise from a lower to a higher position",
... | [
"collect funds for a specific purpose"
] | [
"raise%2:40:00::"
] |
Thus, there has come into being a situation in which the state must raise all of its own revenues and, in addition, must give assistance to its local governments. | give | {
"name": "give",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length",
"cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense",
"be the cause or source of",
"transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody",
"conve... | [
"be the cause or source of"
] | [
"give%2:40:05::"
] |
This financial assistance from the state has become necessary because the local governments themselves found the property tax, or at least at the rates then existing, insufficient for their requirements. | become | {
"name": "become",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"enter or assume a certain state or condition",
"undergo a change or development",
"come into existence",
"enhance the appearance of"
]
} | [
"enter or assume a certain state or condition"
] | [
"become%2:30:00::"
] |
This financial assistance from the state has become necessary because the local governments themselves found the property tax, or at least at the rates then existing, insufficient for their requirements. | found | {
"name": "find",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a productive insight",
"the act of discovering something",
"come upon, as if by accident; meet with",
"discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of",
"come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost",
... | [
"come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds"
] | [
"find%2:31:10::"
] |
This financial assistance from the state has become necessary because the local governments themselves found the property tax, or at least at the rates then existing, insufficient for their requirements. | existing | {
"name": "exist",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"have an existence, be extant",
"support oneself"
]
} | [
"have an existence, be extant"
] | [
"exist%2:42:00::"
] |
Consequently there have developed several forms of grants-in-aid and shared taxes, as well as the unrestricted grant to local governments for general purposes whose adoption accompanied the introduction of a sales tax at the state level. | developed | {
"name": "develop",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation",
"work out",
"gain through experience",
"come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)",
"come into existence; take on form or shape",
"change th... | [
"make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation"
] | [
"develop%2:36:01::"
] |
Consequently there have developed several forms of grants-in-aid and shared taxes, as well as the unrestricted grant to local governments for general purposes whose adoption accompanied the introduction of a sales tax at the state level. | accompanied | {
"name": "accompany",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"be present or associated with an event or entity",
"go or travel along with",
"perform an accompaniment to",
"be a companion to somebody"
]
} | [
"be present or associated with an event or entity"
] | [
"accompany%2:42:00::"
] |
Notwithstanding state aid, the local governments are continuing to seek additional revenue of their own by strengthening the property tax. | continuing | {
"name": "continue",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"continue a certain state, condition, or activity",
"continue talking; he continued,",
"keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last",
"move ahead; travel onward in time or space",
"allow to remain in a place or position or m... | [
"continue a certain state, condition, or activity"
] | [
"continue%2:42:01::"
] |
Notwithstanding state aid, the local governments are continuing to seek additional revenue of their own by strengthening the property tax. | seek | {
"name": "seek",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"the movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk",
"try to get or reach",
"try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of",
"make an effort or attempt",
"go to or towards",
"inquire for"
]
} | [
"try to get or reach"
] | [
"seek%2:40:00::"
] |
Notwithstanding state aid, the local governments are continuing to seek additional revenue of their own by strengthening the property tax. | strengthening | {
"name": "strengthen",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"make strong or stronger",
"gain strength",
"give a healthy elasticity to"
]
} | [
"make strong or stronger"
] | [
"strengthen%2:30:01::"
] |
This is being done both by the revaluation of real property and by seeking out forms of personal property hitherto neglected or ignored. | done | {
"name": "do",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"an uproarious party",
"the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization",
"doctor's degree in osteopathy",
"engage in",
"carry out or perform an action",
"get (something) done",
"proceed or get along",
"give ris... | [
"engage in"
] | [
"do%2:41:01::"
] |
This is being done both by the revaluation of real property and by seeking out forms of personal property hitherto neglected or ignored. | seeking out | {
"name": "seek_out",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"look for a specific person or thing"
]
} | [
"look for a specific person or thing"
] | [
"seek_out%2:35:00::"
] |
This is being done both by the revaluation of real property and by seeking out forms of personal property hitherto neglected or ignored. | neglected | {
"name": "neglect",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"lack of attention and due care",
"the state of something that has been unused and neglected",
"willful lack of care and attention",
"the trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern",
"failure to act with the prudence that a reasonabl... | [
"leave undone or leave out"
] | [
"neglect%2:31:00::"
] |
This is being done both by the revaluation of real property and by seeking out forms of personal property hitherto neglected or ignored. | ignored | {
"name": "ignore",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"refuse to acknowledge",
"bar from attention or consideration",
"fail to notice",
"give little or no attention to",
"be ignorant of or in the dark about"
]
} | [
"fail to notice"
] | [
"ignore%2:39:00::"
] |
Taxation of tangible movable property in Rhode Island has been generally of a `` hands off '' nature due possibly to several reasons : ( 1 ) local assessors, in the main, are not well paid and have inadequate office staffs, ( 2 ) the numerous categories of this component of personal property make locating extremely dif... | been | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Taxation of tangible movable property in Rhode Island has been generally of a `` hands off '' nature due possibly to several reasons : ( 1 ) local assessors, in the main, are not well paid and have inadequate office staffs, ( 2 ) the numerous categories of this component of personal property make locating extremely dif... | are | {
"name": "be",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element",
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)",
"be identical to; be someone or something",
"occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere",
"have an ex... | [
"have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)"
] | [
"be%2:42:03::"
] |
Taxation of tangible movable property in Rhode Island has been generally of a `` hands off '' nature due possibly to several reasons : ( 1 ) local assessors, in the main, are not well paid and have inadequate office staffs, ( 2 ) the numerous categories of this component of personal property make locating extremely dif... | paid | {
"name": "pay",
"sense_definitions_list": [
"something that remunerates",
"give money, usually in exchange for goods or services",
"convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow",
"cancel or discharge a debt",
"bring in",
"do or give something to somebody in return",
"ded... | [
"give money, usually in exchange for goods or services"
] | [
"pay%2:40:00::"
] |
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