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To the unfortunate people unable to attend the Godkin lectures it casts an unjustifiable aura of falsehood over the book which may dissuade some people from reading it.	reading	{ "name": "read", "sense_definitions_list": [ "something that is read", "interpret something that is written or printed", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed", "obtain data from magnetic tapes", "interpret th...	[ "interpret something that is written or printed" ]	[ "read%2:31:00::" ]
George Kennan 's account of relations between Russia and the West from the fall of Tsarism to the end of World War 2, is the finest piece of diplomatic history that has appeared in many years.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
George Kennan 's account of relations between Russia and the West from the fall of Tsarism to the end of World War 2, is the finest piece of diplomatic history that has appeared in many years.	appeared	{ "name": "appear", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", "come into sight or view", "be issued or published", "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", "come into being or existence, or appear on the scene", "appear as a character on stage...	[ "be issued or published" ]	[ "appear%2:30:01::" ]
It combines qualities that are seldom found in one work : Scrupulous scholarship, a fund of personal experience, a sense of drama and characterization and a broad grasp of the era 's great historical issues.	combines	{ "name": "combine", "sense_definitions_list": [ "harvester that heads and threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field", "a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service", "an occurrence that results...	[ "have or possess in combination" ]	[ "combine%2:42:00::" ]
It combines qualities that are seldom found in one work : Scrupulous scholarship, a fund of personal experience, a sense of drama and characterization and a broad grasp of the era 's great historical issues.	found	{ "name": "find", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a productive insight", "the act of discovering something", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with", "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of", "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost", ...	[ "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ]	[ "find%2:40:02::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	based	{ "name": "base", "sense_definitions_list": [ "installation from which a military force initiates operations", "lowest support of a structure", "a place that the runner must touch before scoring", "the bottom or lowest part", "(anatomy) the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment", ...	[ "use as a basis for; found on" ]	[ "base%2:31:00::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	delivered	{ "name": "deliver", "sense_definitions_list": [ "deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)", "bring to a destination, make a delivery", "to surrender someone or something to another", "free from harm or evil", "hand over to the authorities of another country", "pass down", "utter (an exclama...	[ "deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)" ]	[ "deliver%2:32:00::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	possesses	{ "name": "possess", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill", "have ownership or possession of", "enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas" ] }	[ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill" ]	[ "possess%2:42:00::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	dealing	{ "name": "deal", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a particular instance of buying or selling", "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each", "(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent", "a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)", "...	[ "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" ]	[ "deal%2:32:08::" ]
In short, the book, based largely on lectures delivered at Harvard University, is both reliable and readable ; the author possesses an uncommonly fine English style, and he is dealing with subjects of vast importance that are highly topical for our time.	are	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic - well, the record itself is not too encouraging.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic - well, the record itself is not too encouraging.	met	{ "name": "meet", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held", "come together", "get together socially or for a specific purpose", "be adjacent or come together", "fill or meet a want or need", "satisfy a condition or restriction", "satisfy or ...	[ "fill or meet a want or need" ]	[ "meet%2:34:00::" ]
If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic - well, the record itself is not too encouraging.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic - well, the record itself is not too encouraging.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Mr. Kennan takes careful account of every mitigating circumstance in recalling the historical atmosphere in which mistaken decisions were taken.	takes	{ "name": "take", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property", "the act of photographing a scene or part of a scene without interruption", "carry out", "require (time or space)", "take somebody somewhere", "get into ...	[ "carry out" ]	[ "take%2:41:04::" ]
Mr. Kennan takes careful account of every mitigating circumstance in recalling the historical atmosphere in which mistaken decisions were taken.	recalling	{ "name": "recall", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)", "a call to return", "a bugle call that signals troops to return", "the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information...	[ "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection" ]	[ "recall%2:31:00::" ]
But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.	rejects	{ "name": "reject", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the person or thing that is rejected or set aside as inferior in quality", "refuse to accept or acknowledge", "refuse to accept", "deem wrong or inappropriate", "reject with contempt", "resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign t...	[ "refuse to accept or acknowledge" ]	[ "reject%2:31:00::" ]
But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.	contributed	{ "name": "contribute", "sense_definitions_list": [ "bestow a quality on", "contribute to some cause", "be conducive to", "provide" ] }	[ "be conducive to" ]	[ "contribute%2:41:12::" ]
But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.	appeasing	{ "name": "appease", "sense_definitions_list": [ "cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of", "overcome or allay", "make peace with" ] }	[ "make peace with" ]	[ "appease%2:32:00::" ]
But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.	persisted	{ "name": "persist", "sense_definitions_list": [ "continue to exist", "be persistent, refuse to stop", "stay behind" ] }	[ "continue to exist" ]	[ "persist%2:42:00::" ]
But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.	reached	{ "name": "reach", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the limits within which something can be effective", "an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "the act of physically reaching or thrusting out", "the limit of capability", "reach a destination, either real or abstract...	[ "reach a point in time, or a certain state or level" ]	[ "reach%2:38:00::" ]
After all, Alger Hiss, subsequently convicted of perjury in denying that he gave secret State Department documents to Soviet agents, was at Yalta.	convicted	{ "name": "convict", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison", "a person who has been convicted of a criminal offense", "find or declare guilty" ] }	[ "find or declare guilty" ]	[ "convict%2:32:00::" ]
After all, Alger Hiss, subsequently convicted of perjury in denying that he gave secret State Department documents to Soviet agents, was at Yalta.	denying	{ "name": "deny", "sense_definitions_list": [ "declare untrue; contradict", "refuse to accept or believe", "refuse to grant, as of a petition or request", "refuse to let have", "deny oneself (something); restrain, especially from indulging in some pleasure", "deny formally (an allegation of ...	[ "declare untrue; contradict" ]	[ "deny%2:32:00::" ]
After all, Alger Hiss, subsequently convicted of perjury in denying that he gave secret State Department documents to Soviet agents, was at Yalta.	gave	{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...	[ "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody" ]	[ "give%2:40:00::" ]
After all, Alger Hiss, subsequently convicted of perjury in denying that he gave secret State Department documents to Soviet agents, was at Yalta.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere" ]	[ "be%2:42:05::" ]
And Harry Dexter White, implicated in F. B. I. reports in Communist associations, was one of the architects of the Morgenthau Plan, which had it ever been put into full operation, would have simply handed Germany to Stalin.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
And Harry Dexter White, implicated in F. B. I. reports in Communist associations, was one of the architects of the Morgenthau Plan, which had it ever been put into full operation, would have simply handed Germany to Stalin.	put	{ "name": "put", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date", "put into a certain place or abstract location", "cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation", "formulate in a particular ...	[ "cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation" ]	[ "put%2:35:05::" ]
And Harry Dexter White, implicated in F. B. I. reports in Communist associations, was one of the architects of the Morgenthau Plan, which had it ever been put into full operation, would have simply handed Germany to Stalin.	handed	{ "name": "hand", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb", "a hired laborer on a farm or ranch", "something written by hand", "ability", "a position given by its location to the side of an object", "the cards held in a card game by a given player at any ...	[ "place into the hands or custody of" ]	[ "hand%2:40:00::" ]
One item in this unhappy scheme was to have Germany policed exclusively by its continental neighbors, among whom only the Soviet Union possessed real military strength.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
One item in this unhappy scheme was to have Germany policed exclusively by its continental neighbors, among whom only the Soviet Union possessed real military strength.	have	{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...	[ "cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition" ]	[ "have%2:30:00::" ]
One item in this unhappy scheme was to have Germany policed exclusively by its continental neighbors, among whom only the Soviet Union possessed real military strength.	policed	{ "name": "police", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the force of policemen and officers", "maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol" ] }	[ "maintain the security of by carrying out a patrol" ]	[ "police%2:41:00::" ]
One item in this unhappy scheme was to have Germany policed exclusively by its continental neighbors, among whom only the Soviet Union possessed real military strength.	possessed	{ "name": "possess", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill", "have ownership or possession of", "enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas" ] }	[ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill" ]	[ "possess%2:42:00::" ]
It is quite probable, however, that stupidity, inexperience and childish adherence to slogans like `` unconditional surrender '' had more to do with the unsatisfactory settlements at the end of the war than treason or sympathy with Communism.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
It is quite probable, however, that stupidity, inexperience and childish adherence to slogans like `` unconditional surrender '' had more to do with the unsatisfactory settlements at the end of the war than treason or sympathy with Communism.	had	{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...	[ "be confronted with" ]	[ "have%2:42:12::" ]
It is quite probable, however, that stupidity, inexperience and childish adherence to slogans like `` unconditional surrender '' had more to do with the unsatisfactory settlements at the end of the war than treason or sympathy with Communism.	do	{ "name": "do", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an uproarious party", "the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization", "doctor's degree in osteopathy", "engage in", "carry out or perform an action", "get (something) done", "proceed or get along", "give ris...	[ "proceed or get along" ]	[ "do%2:42:00::" ]
Mr. Kennan sums up his judgment of what went wrong this way.	sums up	{ "name": "sum_up", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a summary (of)", "be a summary of", "determine the sum of" ] }	[ "give a summary (of)" ]	[ "sum_up%2:32:00::" ]
Mr. Kennan sums up his judgment of what went wrong this way.	went wrong	{ "name": "go_wrong", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be unsuccessful" ] }	[ "be unsuccessful" ]	[ "go_wrong%2:41:00::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	see	{ "name": "see", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located", "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight", "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally", "perceive or be contemporaneous with", "imagine; conceive of; see in one's min...	[ "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" ]	[ "see%2:31:01::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	view	{ "name": "view", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a way of regarding situations or topics etc.", "the visual percept of a region", "the act of looking or seeing or observing", "the range of the eye", "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty", "a message expressin...	[ "deem to be" ]	[ "view%2:31:00::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	be	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	achieving	{ "name": "achieve", "sense_definitions_list": [ "to gain with effort" ] }	[ "to gain with effort" ]	[ "achieve%2:41:00::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	fought	{ "name": "fight", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war", "the act of fighting; any contest or struggle", "an aggressive willingness to compete", "an intense verbal dispute", "a boxing or wrestling match", "be engaged in a fight; c...	[ "be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight" ]	[ "fight%2:33:00::" ]
`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender : The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a strug...	involve	{ "name": "involve", "sense_definitions_list": [ "connect closely and often incriminatingly", "engage as a participant", "have as a necessary feature", "require as useful, just, or proper", "contain as a part", "occupy or engage the interest of", "make complex or intricate or complicated...	[ "have as a necessary feature" ]	[ "involve%2:42:00::" ]
Recognizing that there could have been no effective negotiated peace with Hitler, he points out the shocking failure to give support to the anti-Nazi underground, which very nearly eliminated Hitler in 1944.	Recognizing	{ "name": "recognize", "sense_definitions_list": [ "accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority", "be fully aware or cognizant of", "detect with the senses", "perceive to be the same", "grant credentials to", "express greetings upon meeting someone", "express...	[ "be fully aware or cognizant of" ]	[ "recognize%2:31:01::" ]
Recognizing that there could have been no effective negotiated peace with Hitler, he points out the shocking failure to give support to the anti-Nazi underground, which very nearly eliminated Hitler in 1944.	been	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "happen, occur, take place" ]	[ "be%2:42:04::" ]
Recognizing that there could have been no effective negotiated peace with Hitler, he points out the shocking failure to give support to the anti-Nazi underground, which very nearly eliminated Hitler in 1944.	points out	{ "name": "point_out", "sense_definitions_list": [ "make or write a comment on", "point out carefully and clearly", "present and urge reasons in opposition" ] }	[ "make or write a comment on" ]	[ "point_out%2:32:01::" ]
Recognizing that there could have been no effective negotiated peace with Hitler, he points out the shocking failure to give support to the anti-Nazi underground, which very nearly eliminated Hitler in 1944.	give	{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...	[ "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense" ]	[ "give%2:40:03::" ]
Recognizing that there could have been no effective negotiated peace with Hitler, he points out the shocking failure to give support to the anti-Nazi underground, which very nearly eliminated Hitler in 1944.	eliminated	{ "name": "eliminate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "terminate, end, or take out", "do away with", "kill in large numbers", "dismiss from consideration or a contest", "eliminate from the body", "remove from a contest or race", "remove (an unknown variable) from two or more equations" ] ...	[ "terminate, end, or take out" ]	[ "eliminate%2:30:01::" ]
A veteran diplomat with an extraordinary knowledge of Russian language, history and literature, Kennan recalls how, at the time of Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, he penned a private note to a State Department official, expressing the hope that `` never would we associate ourselves with Russian purposes i...	recalls	{ "name": "recall", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)", "a call to return", "a bugle call that signals troops to return", "the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information...	[ "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection" ]	[ "recall%2:31:00::" ]
A veteran diplomat with an extraordinary knowledge of Russian language, history and literature, Kennan recalls how, at the time of Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, he penned a private note to a State Department official, expressing the hope that `` never would we associate ourselves with Russian purposes i...	penned	{ "name": "pen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a writing implement with a point from which ink flows", "an enclosure for confining livestock", "a portable enclosure in which babies may be left to play", "a correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes", "female swan", "produce ...	[ "produce a literary work" ]	[ "pen%2:36:00::" ]
A veteran diplomat with an extraordinary knowledge of Russian language, history and literature, Kennan recalls how, at the time of Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, he penned a private note to a State Department official, expressing the hope that `` never would we associate ourselves with Russian purposes i...	expressing	{ "name": "express", "sense_definitions_list": [ "mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system", "public transport consisting of a fast train or bus that makes only a few scheduled stops", "rapid transport of goods", "give expression to", "articulate; either verbally or with a cry, s...	[ "give expression to" ]	[ "express%2:32:01::" ]
A veteran diplomat with an extraordinary knowledge of Russian language, history and literature, Kennan recalls how, at the time of Hitler 's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, he penned a private note to a State Department official, expressing the hope that `` never would we associate ourselves with Russian purposes i...	associate	{ "name": "associate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor", "a friend who is frequently in the company of another", "a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise", "any event that usually accompanies or...	[ "bring or come into association or action" ]	[ "associate%2:41:00::" ]
The hope was vain.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.	speaks	{ "name": "speak", "sense_definitions_list": [ "express in speech", "exchange thoughts; talk with", "use language", "give a speech to", "make a characteristic or natural sound" ] }	[ "exchange thoughts; talk with" ]	[ "speak%2:32:01::" ]
With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.	seems	{ "name": "seem", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", "appear to exist", "appear to one's own mind or opinion" ] }	[ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" ]	[ "seem%2:39:00::" ]
With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.	been	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.	happened	{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
With justified bitterness the author speaks of `` what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the Russian Communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in Poland and the Baltic States ''.	going on	{ "name": "go_on", "sense_definitions_list": [ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity", "come to pass", "move forward, also in the metaphorical sense", "continue talking; he continued,", "start running, functioning, or operating" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "go_on%2:30:00::" ]
He also speaks of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's `` puerile '' assumption that `` if only he ( Stalin ) could be exposed to the persuasive charm of someone like F. D. R. himself, ideological preconceptions would melt and Russia 's co-operation with the West could be easily arranged ''.	speaks	{ "name": "speak", "sense_definitions_list": [ "express in speech", "exchange thoughts; talk with", "use language", "give a speech to", "make a characteristic or natural sound" ] }	[ "exchange thoughts; talk with" ]	[ "speak%2:32:01::" ]
He also speaks of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's `` puerile '' assumption that `` if only he ( Stalin ) could be exposed to the persuasive charm of someone like F. D. R. himself, ideological preconceptions would melt and Russia 's co-operation with the West could be easily arranged ''.	exposed	{ "name": "expose", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the exposure of an impostor or a fraud", "expose or make accessible to some action or influence", "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret", "to show, make visible or ap...	[ "expose or make accessible to some action or influence" ]	[ "expose%2:39:02::" ]
He also speaks of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's `` puerile '' assumption that `` if only he ( Stalin ) could be exposed to the persuasive charm of someone like F. D. R. himself, ideological preconceptions would melt and Russia 's co-operation with the West could be easily arranged ''.	melt	{ "name": "melt", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid", "reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating", "become or cause to become soft or liquid", "become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial", "lose ...	[ "become more relaxed, easygoing, or genial" ]	[ "melt%2:30:04::" ]
He also speaks of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's `` puerile '' assumption that `` if only he ( Stalin ) could be exposed to the persuasive charm of someone like F. D. R. himself, ideological preconceptions would melt and Russia 's co-operation with the West could be easily arranged ''.	arranged	{ "name": "arrange", "sense_definitions_list": [ "put into a proper or systematic order", "make arrangements for", "plan, organize, and carry out (an event)", "set (printed matter) into a specific format", "arrange attractively", "adapt for performance in a different way", "arrange thoug...	[ "plan, organize, and carry out (an event)" ]	[ "arrange%2:36:03::" ]
No wonder Khrushchev 's first message to President Kennedy was a wistful desire for the return of the `` good old days '' of Roosevelt.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
This fascinating story begins with a sketch, rich in personal detail, of the glancing mutual impact of World War 1, and the two instalments of the Russian Revolution.	begins	{ "name": "begin", "sense_definitions_list": [ "Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)", "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action", "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial,...	[ "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" ]	[ "begin%2:42:00::" ]
The first of these involved the replacement of the Tsar by a liberal Provisional Government in March, 1917 ; the second, the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks ( who later called themselves Communists ) in November of the same year.	involved	{ "name": "involve", "sense_definitions_list": [ "connect closely and often incriminatingly", "engage as a participant", "have as a necessary feature", "require as useful, just, or proper", "contain as a part", "occupy or engage the interest of", "make complex or intricate or complicated...	[ "connect closely and often incriminatingly" ]	[ "involve%2:42:01::" ]
The first of these involved the replacement of the Tsar by a liberal Provisional Government in March, 1917 ; the second, the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks ( who later called themselves Communists ) in November of the same year.	called	{ "name": "call", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a telephone connection", "a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course", "a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition", "a demand especially in the phrase", "the characteristic sound produced by a bird", ...	[ "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" ]	[ "call%2:32:02::" ]
As Kennan shows, the judgment of the Allied governments about what was happening in Russia was warped by the obsession of defeating Germany.	shows	{ "name": "show", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining", "something intended to communicate a particular impression", "a social event involving a public performance or entertainment", "pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression", ...	[ "provide evidence for" ]	[ "show%2:32:00::" ]
As Kennan shows, the judgment of the Allied governments about what was happening in Russia was warped by the obsession of defeating Germany.	happening	{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
As Kennan shows, the judgment of the Allied governments about what was happening in Russia was warped by the obsession of defeating Germany.	warped	{ "name": "warp", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a twist or aberration; especially a perverse or abnormal way of judging or acting", "a shape distorted by twisting or folding", "a moral or mental distortion", "yarn arranged lengthways on a loom and crossed by the woof", "make false by mutilation o...	[ "make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story" ]	[ "warp%2:32:00::" ]
As Kennan shows, the judgment of the Allied governments about what was happening in Russia was warped by the obsession of defeating Germany.	defeating	{ "name": "defeat", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest", "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals", "win a victory over", "thwart the passage of" ] }	[ "win a victory over" ]	[ "defeat%2:33:00::" ]
They were blind to the evidence that nothing could keep the Russian people fighting.	were	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
They were blind to the evidence that nothing could keep the Russian people fighting.	keep	{ "name": "keep", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the financial means whereby one lives", "the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress", "a cell in a jail or prison", "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g.,", "continue a certain state, condition, or activity", ...	[ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" ]	[ "keep%2:42:07::" ]
They were blind to the evidence that nothing could keep the Russian people fighting.	fighting	{ "name": "fight", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war", "the act of fighting; any contest or struggle", "an aggressive willingness to compete", "an intense verbal dispute", "a boxing or wrestling match", "be engaged in a fight; c...	[ "be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight" ]	[ "fight%2:33:00::" ]
They attributed everything that went wrong in Russia to German influence and intrigue.	attributed	{ "name": "attribute", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished", "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity", "attribute or credit to", "decide as to where something belongs in a scheme" ] }	[ "attribute or credit to" ]	[ "attribute%2:31:00::" ]
They attributed everything that went wrong in Russia to German influence and intrigue.	went wrong	{ "name": "go_wrong", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be unsuccessful" ] }	[ "be unsuccessful" ]	[ "go_wrong%2:41:00::" ]
This, more than any other factor, led to the fiasco of Allied intervention.	led	{ "name": "lead", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an advantage held by a competitor in a race", "a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey", "evidence pointing to a possible solution", "a position of leadership (especially in the phr...	[ "tend to or result in", "be conducive to" ]	[ "lead%2:42:12::", "lead%2:41:12::" ]
As the author very justly says :	says	{ "name": "say", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the chance to speak", "express in words", "report or maintain", "express a supposition", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority", "speak, pronounce, or utter in a c...	[ "express in words" ]	[ "say%2:32:00::" ]
`` Had a world war not been in progress, there would never, under any conceivable stretch of the imagination, have been an Allied intervention in North Russia ''.	been	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` Had a world war not been in progress, there would never, under any conceivable stretch of the imagination, have been an Allied intervention in North Russia ''.	been	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "happen, occur, take place" ]	[ "be%2:42:04::" ]
The scope and significance of this intervention have been grossly exaggerated by Communist propaganda ; here Kennan, operating with precise facts and figures, performs an excellent job of debunking.	exaggerated	{ "name": "exaggerate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth", "do something to an excessive degree" ] }	[ "to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth" ]	[ "exaggerate%2:32:00::" ]
The scope and significance of this intervention have been grossly exaggerated by Communist propaganda ; here Kennan, operating with precise facts and figures, performs an excellent job of debunking.	operating	{ "name": "operate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.", "perform as expected when applied", "handle and cause to function", "perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense", "happen", "keep engage...	[ "perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense" ]	[ "operate%2:33:00::" ]
The scope and significance of this intervention have been grossly exaggerated by Communist propaganda ; here Kennan, operating with precise facts and figures, performs an excellent job of debunking.	performs	{ "name": "perform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "carry out or perform an action", "perform a function", "give a performance (of something)", "get (something) done" ] }	[ "perform a function" ]	[ "perform%2:41:02::" ]
Of many passages in the book that exemplify the author 's vivid style, the characterizations of the two plebeian dictators whose crimes make those of crowned autocrats pale by comparison may be selected.	exemplify	{ "name": "exemplify", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be characteristic of", "clarify by giving an example of" ] }	[ "be characteristic of" ]	[ "exemplify%2:42:00::" ]
Of many passages in the book that exemplify the author 's vivid style, the characterizations of the two plebeian dictators whose crimes make those of crowned autocrats pale by comparison may be selected.	make	{ "name": "make", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a recognizable kind", "the act of mixing cards haphazardly", "engage in", "give certain properties to something", "make or cause to be or to become", "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner", "give rise to; cause to happen or occur,...	[ "give certain properties to something" ]	[ "make%2:30:00::" ]
Of many passages in the book that exemplify the author 's vivid style, the characterizations of the two plebeian dictators whose crimes make those of crowned autocrats pale by comparison may be selected.	selected	{ "name": "select", "sense_definitions_list": [ "pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives", "of superior grade", "selected or chosen for special qualifications" ] }	[ "pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives" ]	[ "select%2:31:00::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	set	{ "name": "set", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used", "(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols", "several exercises intended to be done in series", "representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used...	[ "put into a certain place or abstract location" ]	[ "set%2:35:00::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	be	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
`` This was a man of incredible criminality, of a criminality effectively without limits ; a man apparently foreign to the very experience of love, without mercy or pity ; a man in whose entourage none was ever safe ; a man whose hand was set against all that could not be useful to him at the moment ; a man who was mos...	were	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
And here is Kennan 's image of Hitler, Stalin 's temporary collaborator in the subjugation and oppression of weaker peoples, and his later enemy :	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere" ]	[ "be%2:42:05::" ]
`` Behind that Charlie Chaplin moustache and that truant lock of hair that always covered his forehead, behind the tirades and the sulky silences, the passionate orations and the occasional dull evasive stare, behind the prejudices, the cynicism, the total amorality of behavior, behind even the tendency to great strate...	lay	{ "name": "lie", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth", "Norwegian diplomat who was the first Secretary General of the United Nations (1896-1968)", "position or manner in which something is situated", "be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain po...	[ "originate (in)" ]	[ "lie%2:42:01::" ]
Shrewd, calculating, in many ways realistic, endowed - like Stalin - with considerable powers of dissimulation, capable of playing his cards very close to his chest when he so desired, yet bold and resolute in his decisions, and possessing one gift Stalin did not possess : The ability to rouse men to fever pitch of per...	playing	{ "name": "play", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage", "a theatrical performance of a drama", "a preset plan of action in team sports", "a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill", "a state in which action is feasible"...	[ "put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game" ]	[ "play%2:33:03::" ]
Shrewd, calculating, in many ways realistic, endowed - like Stalin - with considerable powers of dissimulation, capable of playing his cards very close to his chest when he so desired, yet bold and resolute in his decisions, and possessing one gift Stalin did not possess : The ability to rouse men to fever pitch of per...	desired	{ "name": "desire", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state", "an inclination to want things", "something that is desired", "feel or have a desire for; want strongly", "expect and wish", "express a desire for" ] }	[ "feel or have a desire for; want strongly" ]	[ "desire%2:37:00::" ]
Shrewd, calculating, in many ways realistic, endowed - like Stalin - with considerable powers of dissimulation, capable of playing his cards very close to his chest when he so desired, yet bold and resolute in his decisions, and possessing one gift Stalin did not possess : The ability to rouse men to fever pitch of per...	possessing	{ "name": "possess", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill", "have ownership or possession of", "enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas" ] }	[ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill" ]	[ "possess%2:42:00::" ]
Shrewd, calculating, in many ways realistic, endowed - like Stalin - with considerable powers of dissimulation, capable of playing his cards very close to his chest when he so desired, yet bold and resolute in his decisions, and possessing one gift Stalin did not possess : The ability to rouse men to fever pitch of per...	possess	{ "name": "possess", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill", "have ownership or possession of", "enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas" ] }	[ "have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill" ]	[ "possess%2:42:00::" ]
Shrewd, calculating, in many ways realistic, endowed - like Stalin - with considerable powers of dissimulation, capable of playing his cards very close to his chest when he so desired, yet bold and resolute in his decisions, and possessing one gift Stalin did not possess : The ability to rouse men to fever pitch of per...	rouse	{ "name": "rouse", "sense_definitions_list": [ "become active", "force or drive out", "cause to be agitated, excited, or roused", "cause to become awake or conscious" ] }	[ "become active" ]	[ "rouse%2:38:01::" ]
Two criticisms of this generally admirable and fascinating book involve the treatment of wartime diplomacy which is jagged at the edges - there is no mention of the Potsdam Conference or the Morgenthau Plan.	involve	{ "name": "involve", "sense_definitions_list": [ "connect closely and often incriminatingly", "engage as a participant", "have as a necessary feature", "require as useful, just, or proper", "contain as a part", "occupy or engage the interest of", "make complex or intricate or complicated...	[ "connect closely and often incriminatingly" ]	[ "involve%2:42:01::" ]

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