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A t test on these two groups, shifters vs. nonshifters, gave a `` t '' value of 2.405 which is significant on the two-tail test at the.028 level.
is
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Individual differences in Kohnstamm reactivity to controlled Kohnstamm situations were found among the subjects used in the study.
found
{ "name": "find", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a productive insight", "the act of discovering something", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with", "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of", "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost", ...
[ "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" ]
[ "find%2:39:02::" ]
Individual differences in Kohnstamm reactivity to controlled Kohnstamm situations were found among the subjects used in the study.
used
{ "name": "use", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of using", "what something is used for", "a particular service", "(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing", "(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be ...
[ "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" ]
[ "use%2:34:01::" ]
Only 27 % ( 11 subjects ) gave a positive Kohnstamm reaction when completely nai ^ ve concerning the phenomenon.
gave
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
There were 49 % ( 20 subjects ) who did not give a positive reaction even after they were informed of the normalcy of such a reaction and had been given a demonstration.
give
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
There were 49 % ( 20 subjects ) who did not give a positive reaction even after they were informed of the normalcy of such a reaction and had been given a demonstration.
informed
{ "name": "inform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to", "give character or essence to", "act as an informer" ] }
[ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to" ]
[ "inform%2:32:00::" ]
There were 49 % ( 20 subjects ) who did not give a positive reaction even after they were informed of the normalcy of such a reaction and had been given a demonstration.
given
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
There were 24 % ( 10 subjects ) who shifted from a negative to a positive reaction after they were reassured as to the normalcy of the Kohnstamm-positive reaction.
shifted
{ "name": "shift", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event in which something is displaced without rotation", "a qualitative change", "the time period during which you are at work", "the act of changing one thing or position for another", "the act of moving from one place to another", "(geolog...
[ "make a shift in or exchange of" ]
[ "shift%2:30:00::" ]
There were 24 % ( 10 subjects ) who shifted from a negative to a positive reaction after they were reassured as to the normalcy of the Kohnstamm-positive reaction.
reassured
{ "name": "reassure", "sense_definitions_list": [ "cause to feel sure; give reassurance to", "give or restore confidence in; cause to feel sure or certain" ] }
[ "cause to feel sure; give reassurance to" ]
[ "reassure%2:37:00::" ]
Among this latter group there were also differences in the amount and kind of information necessary before a shift in reaction occurred.
occurred
{ "name": "occur", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "come to one's mind; suggest itself", "to be found to exist" ] }
[ "come to pass" ]
[ "occur%2:30:00::" ]
One subject changed when given only the information that some people have something happen to their arm when they relax.
changed
{ "name": "change", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another", "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event", "the action of changing something", "the result of alteration or modificat...
[ "undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature" ]
[ "change%2:30:00::" ]
One subject changed when given only the information that some people have something happen to their arm when they relax.
given
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
One subject changed when given only the information that some people have something happen to their arm when they relax.
happen
{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }
[ "come to pass" ]
[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
One subject changed when given only the information that some people have something happen to their arm when they relax.
relax
{ "name": "relax", "sense_definitions_list": [ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease", "make less taut", "become loose or looser or less tight", "cause to feel relaxed", "become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner", "make less severe or strict",...
[ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease" ]
[ "relax%2:29:00::" ]
Five subjects ( 12 % ) did not change until they had been told that some people have something happen to their arm, what that something was, and also were given a demonstration.
change
{ "name": "change", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another", "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event", "the action of changing something", "the result of alteration or modificat...
[ "undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature" ]
[ "change%2:30:00::" ]
Five subjects ( 12 % ) did not change until they had been told that some people have something happen to their arm, what that something was, and also were given a demonstration.
told
{ "name": "tell", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)", "exp...
[ "express in words" ]
[ "tell%2:32:04::" ]
Five subjects ( 12 % ) did not change until they had been told that some people have something happen to their arm, what that something was, and also were given a demonstration.
happen
{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }
[ "come to pass" ]
[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
Five subjects ( 12 % ) did not change until they had been told that some people have something happen to their arm, what that something was, and also were given a demonstration.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Five subjects ( 12 % ) did not change until they had been told that some people have something happen to their arm, what that something was, and also were given a demonstration.
given
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
Four subjects ( 10 % ) did not change even then but needed the additional information that an arm-elevation under these circumstances was a perfectly normal reflex reaction which some people showed while others did not.
change
{ "name": "change", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another", "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event", "the action of changing something", "the result of alteration or modificat...
[ "undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature" ]
[ "change%2:30:00::" ]
Four subjects ( 10 % ) did not change even then but needed the additional information that an arm-elevation under these circumstances was a perfectly normal reflex reaction which some people showed while others did not.
needed
{ "name": "need", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a condition requiring relief", "anything that is necessary but lacking", "the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior", "a state of ext...
[ "have need of" ]
[ "need%2:34:00::" ]
Four subjects ( 10 % ) did not change even then but needed the additional information that an arm-elevation under these circumstances was a perfectly normal reflex reaction which some people showed while others did not.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Four subjects ( 10 % ) did not change even then but needed the additional information that an arm-elevation under these circumstances was a perfectly normal reflex reaction which some people showed while others did not.
showed
{ "name": "show", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining", "something intended to communicate a particular impression", "a social event involving a public performance or entertainment", "pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression", ...
[ "make visible or noticeable" ]
[ "show%2:39:00::" ]
At no time was it implied by the experimenter that the subject 's initial reaction was deviant.
implied
{ "name": "imply", "sense_definitions_list": [ "express or state indirectly", "suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic", "have as a logical consequence", "suggest that someone is guilty", "have as a necessary feature" ] }
[ "express or state indirectly" ]
[ "imply%2:32:00::" ]
At no time was it implied by the experimenter that the subject 's initial reaction was deviant.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
The subjects were only given information about other possibilities of `` normal '' reaction.
given
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "transmit (knowledge or skills)" ]
[ "give%2:40:09::" ]
Those who responded with an arm-elevation in the nai ^ ve state did not change their reaction when told that there were some normal people who did not react in this fashion.
responded
{ "name": "respond", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "react verbally", "respond favorably or as hoped" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "respond%2:31:00::" ]
Those who responded with an arm-elevation in the nai ^ ve state did not change their reaction when told that there were some normal people who did not react in this fashion.
change
{ "name": "change", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another", "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event", "the action of changing something", "the result of alteration or modificat...
[ "cause to change; make different; cause a transformation" ]
[ "change%2:30:01::" ]
Those who responded with an arm-elevation in the nai ^ ve state did not change their reaction when told that there were some normal people who did not react in this fashion.
told
{ "name": "tell", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)", "exp...
[ "express in words" ]
[ "tell%2:32:04::" ]
Those who responded with an arm-elevation in the nai ^ ve state did not change their reaction when told that there were some normal people who did not react in this fashion.
react
{ "name": "react", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "act against or in opposition to", "undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "react%2:31:00::" ]
This information was accepted with the frequent interpretation that those persons who did not show arm-levitation must be preventing it.
accepted
{ "name": "accept", "sense_definitions_list": [ "consider or hold as true", "receive willingly something given or offered", "give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to", "react favorably to; consider right and proper", "admit into a group or community", "take on as one's own the expe...
[ "consider or hold as true" ]
[ "accept%2:31:00::" ]
This information was accepted with the frequent interpretation that those persons who did not show arm-levitation must be preventing it.
show
{ "name": "show", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining", "something intended to communicate a particular impression", "a social event involving a public performance or entertainment", "pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression", ...
[ "make visible or noticeable" ]
[ "show%2:39:00::" ]
This information was accepted with the frequent interpretation that those persons who did not show arm-levitation must be preventing it.
preventing
{ "name": "prevent", "sense_definitions_list": [ "keep from happening or arising; make impossible", "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" ] }
[ "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" ]
[ "prevent%2:41:00::" ]
These subjects implied that they too could prevent their arms from rising if they tried.
implied
{ "name": "imply", "sense_definitions_list": [ "express or state indirectly", "suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic", "have as a logical consequence", "suggest that someone is guilty", "have as a necessary feature" ] }
[ "express or state indirectly" ]
[ "imply%2:32:00::" ]
These subjects implied that they too could prevent their arms from rising if they tried.
prevent
{ "name": "prevent", "sense_definitions_list": [ "keep from happening or arising; make impossible", "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" ] }
[ "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" ]
[ "prevent%2:41:00::" ]
These subjects implied that they too could prevent their arms from rising if they tried.
rising
{ "name": "rise", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a growth in strength or number or importance", "the act of changing location in an upward direction", "an upward slope or grade (as in a road)", "a movement upward", "the amount a salary is increased", "the property possessed by a slope or surfa...
[ "move upward" ]
[ "rise%2:38:00::" ]
These subjects implied that they too could prevent their arms from rising if they tried.
tried
{ "name": "try", "sense_definitions_list": [ "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something", "make an effort or attempt", "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to", "put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of", "take a s...
[ "make an effort or attempt" ]
[ "try%2:41:00::" ]
The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1, ( the nai ^ ve state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).
explained
{ "name": "explain", "sense_definitions_list": [ "make plain and comprehensible", "define", "serve as a reason or cause or justification of" ] }
[ "make plain and comprehensible" ]
[ "explain%2:32:00::" ]
The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1, ( the nai ^ ve state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).
defined
{ "name": "define", "sense_definitions_list": [ "determine the essential quality of", "give a definition for the meaning of a word", "determine the nature of", "show the form or outline of", "decide upon or fix definitely" ] }
[ "give a definition for the meaning of a word" ]
[ "define%2:32:00::" ]
In no way, either verbally or behaviorally, did the experimenter indicate to the subjects any preferred mode of responding to the voluntary contraction.
indicate
{ "name": "indicate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be a signal for or a symptom of", "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively", "to state or express briefly", "give evidence of", "suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine" ] }
[ "indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively" ]
[ "indicate%2:32:03::" ]
In no way, either verbally or behaviorally, did the experimenter indicate to the subjects any preferred mode of responding to the voluntary contraction.
responding
{ "name": "respond", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "react verbally", "respond favorably or as hoped" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "respond%2:31:00::" ]
Moreover, when the experimenter did inform those subjects that there were some normal people who did not have their arm rise once they relaxed, the Kohnstamm-positive subjects were uninfluenced in their subsequent reactions to the Kohnstamm situation.
inform
{ "name": "inform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to", "give character or essence to", "act as an informer" ] }
[ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to" ]
[ "inform%2:32:00::" ]
Moreover, when the experimenter did inform those subjects that there were some normal people who did not have their arm rise once they relaxed, the Kohnstamm-positive subjects were uninfluenced in their subsequent reactions to the Kohnstamm situation.
rise
{ "name": "rise", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a growth in strength or number or importance", "the act of changing location in an upward direction", "an upward slope or grade (as in a road)", "a movement upward", "the amount a salary is increased", "the property possessed by a slope or surfa...
[ "move upward" ]
[ "rise%2:38:00::" ]
Moreover, when the experimenter did inform those subjects that there were some normal people who did not have their arm rise once they relaxed, the Kohnstamm-positive subjects were uninfluenced in their subsequent reactions to the Kohnstamm situation.
relaxed
{ "name": "relax", "sense_definitions_list": [ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease", "make less taut", "become loose or looser or less tight", "cause to feel relaxed", "become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner", "make less severe or strict",...
[ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease" ]
[ "relax%2:29:00::" ]
Moreover, when the experimenter did inform those subjects that there were some normal people who did not have their arm rise once they relaxed, the Kohnstamm-positive subjects were uninfluenced in their subsequent reactions to the Kohnstamm situation.
were
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
They continued to give an arm-elevation.
continued
{ "name": "continue", "sense_definitions_list": [ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity", "continue talking; he continued,", "keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last", "move ahead; travel onward in time or space", "allow to remain in a place or position or m...
[ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" ]
[ "continue%2:42:01::" ]
They continued to give an arm-elevation.
give
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
A differential suggestibility would have to be invoked to explain the failure of this additional information to influence the Kohnstamm-positive reactors and yet attribute their nai ^ ve Kohnstamm reactivity to suggestion.
invoked
{ "name": "invoke", "sense_definitions_list": [ "summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic", "cite as an authority; resort to", "request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection" ] }
[ "summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic" ]
[ "invoke%2:36:00::" ]
A differential suggestibility would have to be invoked to explain the failure of this additional information to influence the Kohnstamm-positive reactors and yet attribute their nai ^ ve Kohnstamm reactivity to suggestion.
explain
{ "name": "explain", "sense_definitions_list": [ "make plain and comprehensible", "define", "serve as a reason or cause or justification of" ] }
[ "make plain and comprehensible" ]
[ "explain%2:32:00::" ]
A differential suggestibility would have to be invoked to explain the failure of this additional information to influence the Kohnstamm-positive reactors and yet attribute their nai ^ ve Kohnstamm reactivity to suggestion.
influence
{ "name": "influence", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc", "causing something without any direct or apparent effort", "a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do", "the effect of one thing (or person) on anothe...
[ "have and exert influence or effect" ]
[ "influence%2:41:00::" ]
A differential suggestibility would have to be invoked to explain the failure of this additional information to influence the Kohnstamm-positive reactors and yet attribute their nai ^ ve Kohnstamm reactivity to suggestion.
attribute
{ "name": "attribute", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished", "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity", "attribute or credit to", "decide as to where something belongs in a scheme" ] }
[ "attribute or credit to" ]
[ "attribute%2:31:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
conform to
{ "name": "conform_to", "sense_definitions_list": [ "satisfy a condition or restriction", "observe", "behave in accordance or in agreement with" ] }
[ "satisfy a condition or restriction" ]
[ "conform_to%2:42:01::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
is
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
exerted
{ "name": "exert", "sense_definitions_list": [ "put to use", "have and exercise", "make a great effort at a mental or physical task" ] }
[ "make a great effort at a mental or physical task" ]
[ "exert%2:41:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
seems
{ "name": "seem", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", "appear to exist", "appear to one's own mind or opinion" ] }
[ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" ]
[ "seem%2:39:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
rose
{ "name": "rise", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a growth in strength or number or importance", "the act of changing location in an upward direction", "an upward slope or grade (as in a road)", "a movement upward", "the amount a salary is increased", "the property possessed by a slope or surfa...
[ "move upward" ]
[ "rise%2:38:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
happening
{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }
[ "come to pass" ]
[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
becoming
{ "name": "become", "sense_definitions_list": [ "enter or assume a certain state or condition", "undergo a change or development", "come into existence", "enhance the appearance of" ] }
[ "enter or assume a certain state or condition" ]
[ "become%2:30:00::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
falling
{ "name": "fall", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the season when the leaves fall from the trees", "a sudden drop from an upright position", "the lapse of mankind into sinfulness because of the sin of Adam and Eve", "a downward slope or bend", "a lapse into sin; a loss of innocence or of chastity",...
[ "descend in free fall under the influence of gravity" ]
[ "fall%2:38:03::" ]
Autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome ( i. e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that `` to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction '' ) also seems ina...
volunteered
{ "name": "volunteer", "sense_definitions_list": [ "(military) a person who freely enlists for service", "a person who performs voluntary work", "a native or resident of Tennessee", "tell voluntarily", "agree freely", "do volunteer work", "without payment" ] }
[ "tell voluntarily" ]
[ "volunteer%2:32:00::" ]
A suggestion hypothesis also seems inadequate as an explanation for those who shifted their reactions after they were informed of the possibilities of `` normal '' reactions different from those which they gave.
seems
{ "name": "seem", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", "appear to exist", "appear to one's own mind or opinion" ] }
[ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" ]
[ "seem%2:39:00::" ]
A suggestion hypothesis also seems inadequate as an explanation for those who shifted their reactions after they were informed of the possibilities of `` normal '' reactions different from those which they gave.
shifted
{ "name": "shift", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event in which something is displaced without rotation", "a qualitative change", "the time period during which you are at work", "the act of changing one thing or position for another", "the act of moving from one place to another", "(geolog...
[ "make a shift in or exchange of" ]
[ "shift%2:30:00::" ]
A suggestion hypothesis also seems inadequate as an explanation for those who shifted their reactions after they were informed of the possibilities of `` normal '' reactions different from those which they gave.
informed
{ "name": "inform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to", "give character or essence to", "act as an informer" ] }
[ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to" ]
[ "inform%2:32:00::" ]
A suggestion hypothesis also seems inadequate as an explanation for those who shifted their reactions after they were informed of the possibilities of `` normal '' reactions different from those which they gave.
gave
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
While they were told that there were some normal people who reacted differently than they had, they were also informed that there were other normals who reacted as they had.
told
{ "name": "tell", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)", "exp...
[ "express in words" ]
[ "tell%2:32:04::" ]
While they were told that there were some normal people who reacted differently than they had, they were also informed that there were other normals who reacted as they had.
reacted
{ "name": "react", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "act against or in opposition to", "undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "react%2:31:00::" ]
While they were told that there were some normal people who reacted differently than they had, they were also informed that there were other normals who reacted as they had.
informed
{ "name": "inform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to", "give character or essence to", "act as an informer" ] }
[ "impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to" ]
[ "inform%2:32:00::" ]
While they were told that there were some normal people who reacted differently than they had, they were also informed that there were other normals who reacted as they had.
reacted
{ "name": "react", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "act against or in opposition to", "undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "react%2:31:00::" ]
There was no implication made that their initial reaction ( absence of an arm-elevation ) was less preferred than the presence of levitation.
made
{ "name": "make", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a recognizable kind", "the act of mixing cards haphazardly", "engage in", "give certain properties to something", "make or cause to be or to become", "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner", "give rise to; cause to happen or occur,...
[ "engage in" ]
[ "make%2:41:00::" ]
There was no implication made that their initial reaction ( absence of an arm-elevation ) was less preferred than the presence of levitation.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
A more tenable explanation for the change in reactions is that the added knowledge and increased familiarity with the total situation made it possible for these subjects to be less guarded and to relax, since any reaction seemed acceptable to the examiner as `` normal ''.
is
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
A more tenable explanation for the change in reactions is that the added knowledge and increased familiarity with the total situation made it possible for these subjects to be less guarded and to relax, since any reaction seemed acceptable to the examiner as `` normal ''.
made
{ "name": "make", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a recognizable kind", "the act of mixing cards haphazardly", "engage in", "give certain properties to something", "make or cause to be or to become", "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner", "give rise to; cause to happen or occur,...
[ "make or cause to be or to become" ]
[ "make%2:36:00::" ]
A more tenable explanation for the change in reactions is that the added knowledge and increased familiarity with the total situation made it possible for these subjects to be less guarded and to relax, since any reaction seemed acceptable to the examiner as `` normal ''.
be
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
A more tenable explanation for the change in reactions is that the added knowledge and increased familiarity with the total situation made it possible for these subjects to be less guarded and to relax, since any reaction seemed acceptable to the examiner as `` normal ''.
relax
{ "name": "relax", "sense_definitions_list": [ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease", "make less taut", "become loose or looser or less tight", "cause to feel relaxed", "become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner", "make less severe or strict",...
[ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease" ]
[ "relax%2:29:00::" ]
A more tenable explanation for the change in reactions is that the added knowledge and increased familiarity with the total situation made it possible for these subjects to be less guarded and to relax, since any reaction seemed acceptable to the examiner as `` normal ''.
seemed
{ "name": "seem", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect", "seem to be true, probable, or apparent", "appear to exist", "appear to one's own mind or opinion" ] }
[ "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" ]
[ "seem%2:39:00::" ]
The nai ^ ve state, Condition 1,, could therefore be viewed as an inhibiting one for 24 % of the subjects in this study.
viewed as
{ "name": "view_as", "sense_definitions_list": [ "keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view" ] }
[ "keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view" ]
[ "view_as%2:31:00::" ]
They were not free to be themselves in this situation, an interpersonal one, where there was an observer of their reactions and they had no guide for acceptable behavior.
were
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
They were not free to be themselves in this situation, an interpersonal one, where there was an observer of their reactions and they had no guide for acceptable behavior.
be
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
They were not free to be themselves in this situation, an interpersonal one, where there was an observer of their reactions and they had no guide for acceptable behavior.
had
{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...
[ "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" ]
[ "have%2:40:00::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
relax
{ "name": "relax", "sense_definitions_list": [ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease", "make less taut", "become loose or looser or less tight", "cause to feel relaxed", "become less tense, less formal, or less restrained, and assume a friendlier manner", "make less severe or strict",...
[ "become less tense, rest, or take one's ease" ]
[ "relax%2:29:00::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
be
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
react
{ "name": "react", "sense_definitions_list": [ "show a response or a reaction to something", "act against or in opposition to", "undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions" ] }
[ "show a response or a reaction to something" ]
[ "react%2:31:00::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
have
{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...
[ "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)" ]
[ "have%2:39:06::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Instructions to relax, i. e., to be `` spontaneous '', and react immediately to whatever impulse they might have, was not sufficiently reassuring until some idea of the possibilities of normal reactions had been given.
given
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
be
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
is
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]
[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
have
{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...
[ "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" ]
[ "have%2:40:00::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
induce
{ "name": "induce", "sense_definitions_list": [ "cause to arise", "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner", "cause to occur rapidly", "reason or establish by induction", "produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes" ] }
[ "cause to arise" ]
[ "induce%2:36:00::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
enabled
{ "name": "enable", "sense_definitions_list": [ "render capable or able for some task" ] }
[ "render capable or able for some task" ]
[ "enable%2:30:00::" ]
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings...
divorce
{ "name": "divorce", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the legal dissolution of a marriage", "part; cease or break association with", "get a divorce; formally terminate a marriage" ] }
[ "part; cease or break association with" ]
[ "divorce%2:41:01::" ]
Alcohol ingestion succeeded in changing immobility to mobility quite strikingly in one pilot subject ( the only one with whom this technique was tried ).
succeeded
{ "name": "succeed", "sense_definitions_list": [ "attain success or reach a desired goal", "be the successor (of)" ] }
[ "attain success or reach a desired goal" ]
[ "succeed%2:41:00::" ]
Alcohol ingestion succeeded in changing immobility to mobility quite strikingly in one pilot subject ( the only one with whom this technique was tried ).
changing
{ "name": "change", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another", "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event", "the action of changing something", "the result of alteration or modificat...
[ "cause to change; make different; cause a transformation" ]
[ "change%2:30:01::" ]
Alcohol ingestion succeeded in changing immobility to mobility quite strikingly in one pilot subject ( the only one with whom this technique was tried ).
tried
{ "name": "try", "sense_definitions_list": [ "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something", "make an effort or attempt", "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to", "put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of", "take a s...
[ "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to" ]
[ "try%2:41:01::" ]
This subject, who has been undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy for five years, did not give a positive Kohnstamm reaction under any of the four standardized conditions used in this experiment while sober.
give
{ "name": "give", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length", "cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense", "be the cause or source of", "transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody", "conve...
[ "be the cause or source of" ]
[ "give%2:40:05::" ]
This subject, who has been undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy for five years, did not give a positive Kohnstamm reaction under any of the four standardized conditions used in this experiment while sober.
used
{ "name": "use", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of using", "what something is used for", "a particular service", "(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing", "(psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be ...
[ "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" ]
[ "use%2:34:01::" ]
After two drinks containing alcohol, her arm flew upward very freely.
containing
{ "name": "contain", "sense_definitions_list": [ "include or contain; have as a component", "contain or hold; have within", "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits", "be divisible by", "be capable of holding or containing", "hold back, as of a danger o...
[ "include or contain; have as a component" ]
[ "contain%2:42:00::" ]
After two drinks containing alcohol, her arm flew upward very freely.
flew
{ "name": "fly", "sense_definitions_list": [ "two-winged insects characterized by active flight", "flap consisting of a piece of canvas that can be drawn back to provide entrance to a tent", "an opening in a garment that is closed by a zipper or by buttons concealed under a fold of cloth", "(basebal...
[ "move quickly or suddenly" ]
[ "fly%2:38:02::" ]
There was evident delight on the part of the subject in response to her experience of the freedom of movement.
was
{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...
[ "happen, occur, take place" ]
[ "be%2:42:04::" ]
She described herself as having the same kind of `` irresponsible '' feeling as she had once experienced under hypnosis.
described
{ "name": "describe", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give a description of", "to give an account or representation of in words", "make a mark or lines on a surface", "identify as in botany or biology, for example" ] }
[ "give a description of" ]
[ "describe%2:32:00::" ]