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Propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on Wiki...
Propylthiouracil Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adeel Jamil, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Propylthiouracil
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wikidoc
Prosector's wart
Prosector's wart # Overview Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (also known as "Lupus verrucosus," "Prosector's wart," and "Warty tuberculosis")is a rash of small, red papular nodules in the skin that may appear 2–4 weeks after inoculation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a previously infected and immunocompetent individual....
Prosector's wart Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] # Overview Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (also known as "Lupus verrucosus,"[1] "Prosector's wart,"[1] and "Warty tuberculosis"[1])is a rash of small, red papular nodules in the skin that may appear...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Prosector%27s_wart
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wikidoc
Protecting group
Protecting group Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the en...
Protecting group Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Protecting_group
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wikidoc
Protein domains.
Protein domains. A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural domai...
Protein domains. Template:Citation style A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Protein_domains.
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wikidoc
Protein kinase B
Protein kinase B Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration. # Family members - Isoforms Akt1 is involved in cellular survival p...
Protein kinase B Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration. # Family members - Isoforms Akt1 is involved in cellular survival ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Protein_kinase_B
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wikidoc
Protein kinase R
Protein kinase R Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK2 gene. PKR protects against viral infections. ...
Protein kinase R Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK2 gene.[1][2] PKR protects against viral infec...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Protein_kinase_R
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wikidoc
Protein toxicity
Protein toxicity Protein toxicity with proteinuria can result in those with preexisting kidney disease, or those who have lost kidney function due to advanced age. For otherwise healthy people, consuming over 2.0 g/kg/d, the extra protein can become a stressful stimulus for the kidney. Those with kidney disease are ad...
Protein toxicity Protein toxicity with proteinuria can result in those with preexisting kidney disease, or those who have lost kidney function due to advanced age. For otherwise healthy people, consuming over 2.0 g/kg/d, the extra protein can become a stressful stimulus for the kidney.[1] Those with kidney disease ar...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Protein_toxicity
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wikidoc
Psychedelic drug
Psychedelic drug Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the en...
Psychedelic drug Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Psychedelic_drug
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wikidoc
Publication bias
Publication bias Publication bias arises from the tendency for researchers and editors to handle experimental results that are positive (they found something) differently from results that are negative (found that something did not happen) or inconclusive. Publication bias has been documented to occur in studies of med...
Publication bias Publication bias arises from the tendency for researchers and editors to handle experimental results that are positive (they found something) differently from results that are negative (found that something did not happen) or inconclusive. Publication bias has been documented to occur in studies of me...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Publication_bias
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wikidoc
Pulled hamstring
Pulled hamstring Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the en...
Pulled hamstring Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pulled_hamstring
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wikidoc
Pulmonary toilet
Pulmonary toilet Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the en...
Pulmonary toilet Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your int...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pulmonary_toilet
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wikidoc
Pulsus alternans
Pulsus alternans # Overview Pulsus alternans is a physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats. It is almost always indicative of left ventricular systolic impairment, and carries a poor prognosis. # Pathophysiology The mechanism of pulsus alternans was referred to Starling'...
Pulsus alternans Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2] # Overview Pulsus alternans is a physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats.[1] It is almost always indicative of left vent...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pulsus_alternans
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wikidoc
Pulsus bigeminus
Pulsus bigeminus # Overview Pulsus bigeminus is a cardiovascular phenomenon, in which two heartbeats occur close to each other followed by a long pause. The second pulse is weaker than the first, and it is caused by premature contractions after every other beat, usually of the ventricles. # Causes ## Overview Pulsu...
Pulsus bigeminus Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2] # Overview Pulsus bigeminus is a cardiovascular phenomenon, in which two heartbeats occur close to each other followed by a long pause. The second pulse is weaker than the first, and it is c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pulsus_bigeminus
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wikidoc
Pupillary reflex
Pupillary reflex Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function. Types include: - Pupillary light reflex - Accommodation reflex Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic. Accommodation and vergence are also known ...
Pupillary reflex Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function. Types include: - Pupillary light reflex - Accommodation reflex Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic. Accommodation and vergence are also known...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pupil_constriction
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wikidoc
Pygeum africanum
Pygeum africanum # Overview Prunus africana, or red stinkwood (see the names, below, for more), is an evergreen tree native to the montane regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Islands of Madagascar, Sao Tome, Fernando Po and Grande Comore at about 900–3400 m. of altitude. The mature tree is 10–25 m. high, open-branch...
Pygeum africanum Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Prunus africana, or red stinkwood (see the names, below, for more), is an evergreen tree native to the montane regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Islands of Madagascar, Sao Tome, Fernando Po and Grande Comore at about 900–3400 m. of alt...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pygeum_africanum
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wikidoc
Pyrolytic carbon
Pyrolytic carbon Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets as a result of imperfections in its production. Generally it is produced by heating a hydrocarbon nearly to its decomposition temperature, and permitting the graphite to crystallise (pyrolysis...
Pyrolytic carbon Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets as a result of imperfections in its production. Generally it is produced by heating a hydrocarbon nearly to its decomposition temperature, and permitting the graphite to crystallise (pyrolysi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pyrolytic_carbon
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wikidoc
Q fever
Q fever overview # Overview Q fever is caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii. This organism is uncommon but may be found in cattle, sheep, goats and other domestic mammals, including cats and dogs. The infection results from inhalation of contaminated particles in the air, and from contact with the vaginal mucus,...
Q fever overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2] # Overview Q fever is caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii. This organism is uncommon but may be found in cattle, sheep, goats and other domestic mammals, including cats and dogs. The inf...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Q_fever_overview
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wikidoc
Radiation safety
Radiation safety # Radiation Safety Regulations - The Massachusetts Department of Public Health regulates the use of fluoroscopy in hospitals – all non-radiologist personnel that use flouroscopy must have documented training (Code DPH 105 CMR 120.405) - The FDA and Nuclear Regulatory Commissions have provided summary ...
Radiation safety Editors-In-Chief: Alexandra Almonacid M.D. and Jeffrey J. Popma M.D. # Radiation Safety Regulations - The Massachusetts Department of Public Health regulates the use of fluoroscopy in hospitals – all non-radiologist personnel that use flouroscopy must have documented training (Code DPH 105 CMR 120.40...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Radiation_Safety
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wikidoc
Radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunoassay Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a scientific method used to test antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) without the need to use a bioassay. It involves mixing known quantities of radioactive antigen (frequently labeled with gamma-radioactive isotopes of iodine attached to tyrosine) with antibody...
Radioimmunoassay Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a scientific method used to test antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) without the need to use a bioassay. It involves mixing known quantities of radioactive antigen (frequently labeled with gamma-radioactive isotopes of iodine attached to tyrosine) with antibod...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Radioimmunoassay
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wikidoc
Radiosensitivity
Radiosensitivity # Overview Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation. Cells are least sensitive when in the S phase, then the G1 phase, then G2 phase and the most sensitive in the M phase of the cell cycle. This is described by t...
Radiosensitivity Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation. Cells are least sensitive when in the S phase, then the G1 phase, then G2 phase and the most sensitive in t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Radiosensitivity
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wikidoc
Raman scattering
Raman scattering Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon. When light is scattered from an atom or molecule, most photons are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering). The scattered photons have the same energy (frequency) and wavelength as the incident photons. However, a small f...
Raman scattering Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon. When light is scattered from an atom or molecule, most photons are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering). The scattered photons have the same energy (frequency) and wavelength as the incident photons. However, a small ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Raman_scattering
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wikidoc
Randomness tests
Randomness tests Randomness tests (or tests of randomness), in data evaluation, are used to analyze the distribution pattern of a set of data. In stochastic modeling, as in some computer simulations, the expected random input data can be verified to show that tests were performed using randomized data. In some cases,...
Randomness tests Randomness tests (or tests of randomness), in data evaluation, are used to analyze the distribution pattern of a set of data. In stochastic modeling, as in some computer simulations, the expected random input data can be verified to show that tests were performed using randomized data. In some cases...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Randomness_tests
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Ranunculus acris
Ranunculus acris Ranunculus acris (Meadow buttercup, Tall buttercup) is one of the more common buttercups across Europe and temperate Eurasia. It is a somewhat hairy plant that has ascending flowing stems bearing glossy yellow flowers about 25 mm across. There are five overlapping petals borne above 5 green sepals that...
Ranunculus acris Ranunculus acris (Meadow buttercup, Tall buttercup) is one of the more common buttercups across Europe and temperate Eurasia. It is a somewhat hairy plant that has ascending flowing stems bearing glossy yellow flowers about 25 mm across. There are five overlapping petals borne above 5 green sepals tha...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ranunculus_acris
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wikidoc
Rapid strep test
Rapid strep test # Overview Strep throat is a common infection caused by Group A Streptococcus. It is generally treated aggressively because of the potential for subsequent heart valve, kidney, lung and joint damage from post-streptococcal auto-immune response. In order to treat strep throat it is helpful to identif...
Rapid strep test Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Template:Editor help # Overview Strep throat is a common infection caused by Group A Streptococcus. It is generally treated aggressively because of the potential for subsequent heart valve, kidney, lung and joint damage from post-streptococcal auto-...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rapid_strep_test
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Reality Check NY
Reality Check NY Reality Check is a youth-led movement in New York State with the goal of exposing the manipulative advertising practices of the tobacco industry. Thousands of teens across the state participate in Reality Check and work towards the organization's stated purpose of alerting other teens about their belie...
Reality Check NY Reality Check is a youth-led movement in New York State with the goal of exposing the manipulative advertising practices of the tobacco industry. Thousands of teens across the state participate in Reality Check and work towards the organization's stated purpose of alerting other teens about their beli...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Reality_Check_NY
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wikidoc
Rebound diuresis
Rebound diuresis # Overview The unofficial term, rebound diuresis refers to the sudden resurgence of urine flow that occurs during convalescence from acute renal failure. # Historical Perspective - was first discovered by , a , in during/following . - In , mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of . -...
Rebound diuresis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The unofficial term, rebound diuresis refers to the sudden resurgence of urine flow that occurs during convalescence from acute renal failure. # Historical Perspective - [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [national...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rebound_diuresis
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wikidoc
Receptor agonist
Receptor agonist In pharmacology an agonist is a substance that binds to a specific receptor and triggers a response in the cell. It mimics the action of an endogenous ligand (such as hormone or neurotransmitter) that binds to the same receptor. # Types Full agonists bind (have affinity for) and activate a receptor, ...
Receptor agonist In pharmacology an agonist is a substance that binds to a specific receptor and triggers a response in the cell. It mimics the action of an endogenous ligand (such as hormone or neurotransmitter) that binds to the same receptor. # Types Full agonists bind (have affinity for) and activate a receptor,...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Receptor_agonist
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Rectified spirit
Rectified spirit # Overview A rectified spirit or rectified alcohol is highly concentrated alcohol which has been purified by means of rectification (repeated distillation). It is used for medicinal purposes, as a household solvent, and in mixed drinks. Neutral grain spirits are rectified spirits made from grain. Howe...
Rectified spirit # Overview A rectified spirit or rectified alcohol is highly concentrated alcohol which has been purified by means of rectification (repeated distillation). It is used for medicinal purposes, as a household solvent, and in mixed drinks. Neutral grain spirits are rectified spirits made from grain. Howe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rectified_spirit
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wikidoc
Red man syndrome
Red man syndrome # Overview Red man syndrome is characterized by symptoms consistent with anaphylactoid reactions. These symptoms may include dyspnea, hypotension, urticaria, pain and spasm of chest and back muscles, wheezing, pruritus, and upper body flushing giving the typical appearance and thus the name "Red man s...
Red man syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2] # Overview Red man syndrome is characterized by symptoms consistent with anaphylactoid reactions. These symptoms may include dyspnea, hypotension, urticaria, pain and spasm of chest and back mu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Red_man_syndrome
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wikidoc
Redshank (plant)
Redshank (plant) The Redshank (Persicaria maculosa, formerly Polygonum persicaria) is a perennial plant from the Knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is also called Persicaria, Redleg or Spotted Ladysthumb. There are three varietes known: - Polygonum persicaria var. angustifolium Beckh. - Polygonum persicaria var. persicar...
Redshank (plant) The Redshank (Persicaria maculosa, formerly Polygonum persicaria) is a perennial plant from the Knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is also called Persicaria, Redleg or Spotted Ladysthumb. There are three varietes known: - Polygonum persicaria var. angustifolium Beckh. - Polygonum persicaria var. persica...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Redshank_(plant)
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wikidoc
Refractive error
Refractive error # Overview A refractive error, or refraction error, is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. # Epidemiology The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. # Classification ## Types An eye that ha...
Refractive error Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A refractive error, or refraction error, is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity. # Epidemiology The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Refraction_error
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wikidoc
Registered nurse
Registered nurse # Overview A registered nurse ("RN"), is a health care professional responsible for implementing the practice of nursing through the use of the nursing process (in concert with other health care professionals). Registered nurses work as patient advocates for the care and recovery of the sick and maint...
Registered nurse # Overview A registered nurse ("RN"), is a health care professional responsible for implementing the practice of nursing through the use of the nursing process (in concert with other health care professionals). Registered nurses work as patient advocates for the care and recovery of the sick and maint...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Registered_Nurse
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Regret (emotion)
Regret (emotion) # Overview Regret is an intelligent (and/or emotional) dislike for personal past acts and behaviors. Regret is often felt when someone feels sadness, shame, embarassment or guilt after committing an action or actions that the person later wishes that he or she had not done. Regret is distinct from gui...
Regret (emotion) Template:Emotion Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Regret is an intelligent (and/or emotional) dislike for personal past acts and behaviors. Regret is often felt when someone feels sadness, shame, embarassment or guilt after committing an action or actions that the person ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Regret_(emotion)
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Relative density
Relative density # Overview Relative density is a dimensionless ratio of the densities of two materials. The term specific gravity is the formally used word, except that the reference material is water. A relative density can help quantify the buoyancy between two materials, or determine the density of one "unknown"...
Relative density # Overview Relative density is a dimensionless ratio of the densities of two materials. The term specific gravity is the formally used word, except that the reference material is water. A relative density can help quantify the buoyancy between two materials, or determine the density of one "unknown"...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Relative_density
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Remineralisation
Remineralisation In biogeochemistry, remineralisation refers to the transformation of organic molecules to inorganic forms, typically mediated by biological activity. Usually remineralisation relates to organic and inorganic molecules involving biologically important elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. F...
Remineralisation Template:Expert Template:Expand Template:Weasel Template:Cleanup In biogeochemistry, remineralisation refers to the transformation of organic molecules to inorganic forms, typically mediated by biological activity. Usually remineralisation relates to organic and inorganic molecules involving biologica...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Remineralisation
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Renal blood flow
Renal blood flow # Overview In the physiology of the kidney, renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in a 70-kg adult male. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow (RPF), which ...
Renal blood flow # Overview In the physiology of the kidney, renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in a 70-kg adult male. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow (RPF), which ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Renal_blood_flow
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Self-replication
Self-replication Self-replication is any process by which a thing might make a copy of itself. Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Biological viruses can reproduce, but only by comman...
Self-replication Template:Seealso Self-replication is any process by which a thing might make a copy of itself. Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Biological viruses can reproduce, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Replication
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Repugnant market
Repugnant market # Overview A repugnant market is a term used to describe an area of commerce that is considered by society to be outside of the range of market transactions and that bringing this area into the realm of a free market would be inherently immoral or uncaring. For example, many people consider a free ma...
Repugnant market Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A repugnant market is a term used to describe an area of commerce that is considered by society to be outside of the range of market transactions and that bringing this area into the realm of a free market would be inherently immoral or un...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Repugnant_market
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Research funding
Research funding Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology and social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promisin...
Research funding Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology and social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promisi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Research_funding
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wikidoc
Resistant starch
Resistant starch Resistant starch (RS) is starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals. Resistant starch is considered the third type of dietary fiber, as it can deliver some of the benefits of insoluble fiber and some of the benefits of soluble fiber. Some carbohydrates, such as sugars ...
Resistant starch Resistant starch (RS) is starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals.[1] Resistant starch is considered the third type of dietary fiber, as it can deliver some of the benefits of insoluble fiber and some of the benefits of soluble fiber. Some carbohydrates, such as sug...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Resistant_starch
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wikidoc
Respiratory zone
Respiratory zone The respiratory zone is the site of O2 and CO2 exchange with the blood. The respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar ducts are responsible for 10% of the gas exchange. The alveoli are responsible for the other 90%. The respiratory zone represents the 16th through the 23rd division of the respiratory tr...
Respiratory zone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The respiratory zone is the site of O2 and CO2 exchange with the blood. The respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar ducts are responsible for 10% of the gas exchange. The alveoli are responsible for the other 90%. The respiratory zone represents the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Respiratory_zone
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wikidoc
Zona reticularis
Zona reticularis # Overview The Zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, which is the outer portion of the adrenal gland, a gland found above the kidneys (which is why it is also known as the suprarenal gland). The adrenal gland produces norepinephrine and epineprhine (known as adrenaline in Brit...
Zona reticularis Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753 # Overview The Zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, which is the outer portion of the adrenal gland, a gland found above the kidneys (which is why it is also known as the suprarena...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Reticularis
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wikidoc
Retinal migraine
Retinal migraine # Overview Retinal migraine (also known as ophthalmic migraine, visual migraine and ocular migraine) is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye. It is caused by an infarct or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye. The terms "retinal migraine" ...
Retinal migraine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2] # Overview Retinal migraine (also known as ophthalmic migraine, visual migraine and ocular migraine) is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only on...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Retinal_migraine
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wikidoc
Retroperistalsis
Retroperistalsis # Overview Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. Peristalsis moves food through the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus in the direction of the anus. Local irritation of the stomach, such as bac...
Retroperistalsis # Overview Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. Peristalsis moves food through the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus in the direction of the anus. Local irritation of the stomach, such as bac...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Retroperistalsis
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wikidoc
Reviparin sodium
Reviparin sodium # Overview Reviparin is an antithrombotic and belongs to the group of low molecular weight heparins. # Pharmacodynamic Reviparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization of heparin extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa. Its structure is characterized, for ...
Reviparin sodium Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Reviparin is an antithrombotic and belongs to the group of low molecular weight heparins. # Pharmacodynamic Reviparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization of heparin extracted from porcine int...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Reviparin
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wikidoc
Rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis # Overview Rhinosporidiosis is an infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. # Classification This organism was previously considered to be a fungus, and rhinosporidiosis is classified as a fungal disease under ICD-10. It is now considered to be a protist parasite, classified under Mesomycetozoea. A...
Rhinosporidiosis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Rhinosporidiosis is an infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.[1][2] # Classification This organism was previously considered to be a fungus, and rhinosporidiosis is classified as a fungal disease under ICD-10. It is now considered to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rhinosporidiosis
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wikidoc
Rhodococcus equi
Rhodococcus equi # Overview Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive coccoid bacteria. The organism commonly lives in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals (horses and goats). The frequency of infection reaches near 60 percent. R. equi is the most important pathogen of pneumonia of fo...
Rhodococcus equi Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive coccoid bacteria. The organism commonly lives in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals (horses and goats). The frequency of infection reaches near 60 percent. R. eq...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rhodococcus_equi
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wikidoc
Rhodopsin kinase
Rhodopsin kinase Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14, cone opsin kinase, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1, GPCR kinase 1, GRK1, GRK7, opsin kinase, opsin kinase (phosphorylating), rhodopsin kinase (phosphorylating), RK, STK14) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction. This enzyme cataly...
Rhodopsin kinase Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14, cone opsin kinase, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1, GPCR kinase 1, GRK1, GRK7, opsin kinase, opsin kinase (phosphorylating), rhodopsin kinase (phosphorylating), RK, STK14) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction.[1][2][3][4][5][6]...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rhodopsin_kinase
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wikidoc
Rhotic consonant
Rhotic consonant Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants. This class of sounds is difficult to characterise phonetically, though most of them share some acoustic peculiarities, most notably a lowered third formant in their sound spectrum. However, "being r-like" is a strangely elusive...
Rhotic consonant Rhotic consonants, or "R"-like sounds, are non-lateral liquid consonants. This class of sounds is difficult to characterise phonetically, though most of them share some acoustic peculiarities, most notably a lowered third formant in their sound spectrum. However, "being r-like" is a strangely elusiv...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rhotic_consonant
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wikidoc
Rickets
Rickets overview Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing. # Overview Rickets is a softening of the bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries. The predominant ...
Rickets overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing. # Overview Rickets is a softening of the bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood dis...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rickets_overview
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wikidoc
Robert-Jay Green
Robert-Jay Green Robert-Jay Green, PhD is the Founder and Executive Director of the Rockway Institute, and is the Distinguished Professor in the Clinical Psychology PhD Program at the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. # About Green's main areas of research over the last ...
Robert-Jay Green Robert-Jay Green, PhD is the Founder and Executive Director of the Rockway Institute[1], and is the Distinguished Professor in the Clinical Psychology PhD Program at the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University.[2] # About Green's main areas of research over th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Robert-Jay_Green
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wikidoc
Roberts syndrome
Roberts syndrome Roberts syndrome, or sometimes called pseudothalidomide syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is characterized by mild to severe prenatal retardation or disruption of cell division, leading to malformation of the bones in the skull, face, arms, and legs. Roberts syndrome is also known by...
Roberts syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2] Roberts syndrome, or sometimes called pseudothalidomide syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is characterized by mild to severe prenatal retardation or disruption of cell divi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Roberts_syndrome
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wikidoc
Romanowsky stain
Romanowsky stain Romanowsky staining was a prototypical staining technique that was the forerunner of several distinct but similar methods, including Giemsa, Jenner, Wright, and Leishman stains, which are used to differentiate cells in pathologic specimens. Ehrlich had used mixtures of acidic and basic dyes for this pu...
Romanowsky stain Romanowsky staining was a prototypical staining technique that was the forerunner of several distinct but similar methods, including Giemsa, Jenner, Wright, and Leishman stains, which are used to differentiate cells in pathologic specimens. Ehrlich had used mixtures of acidic and basic dyes for this p...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Romanowsky_stain
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wikidoc
Rome IV criteria
Rome IV criteria # Overview Rome IV criteria was published in 2016 and is used for the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In order to establish the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the patient must have recurrent pain in the abdomen (on an average, ≥1 day per week, in the previous 3 months) with an onset of ...
Rome IV criteria Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Rome IV criteria was published in 2016 and is used for the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In order to establish the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the patient must have recurrent pain in the abdomen (on an average, ≥1 day p...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rome_IV_criteria
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wikidoc
Room temperature
Room temperature Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain temperature within enclosed space at which human beings are accustomed. Room temperature is thus often indicated by general human comfort, with the common range of 18°C (64°F) to 23°C (73°F), though climate...
Room temperature Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain temperature within enclosed space at which human beings are accustomed. Room temperature is thus often indicated by general human comfort, with the common range of 18°C (64°F) to 23°C (73°F), though climat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Room_temperature
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wikidoc
Root of the lung
Root of the lung A little above the middle of the mediastinal surface of each lung, and nearer its posterior than its anterior border, is its root, by which the lung is connected to the heart and the trachea. The root is formed by the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary veins, the bronchial arteries and veins...
Root of the lung Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A little above the middle of the mediastinal surface of each lung, and nearer its posterior than its anterior border, is its root, by which the lung is connected to the heart and the trachea. The root is formed by the bronchus...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Root_of_the_lung
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wikidoc
Roseola
Roseola overview # Overview Roseola is a disease of infants. It is characterized by an abrupt rise in body temperature to as high as 40°C (104°F) followed by a rapid drop to normal within the next 2–4 days which coincides with the appearance of an erythematous maculopapular skin rash that persists for 1–3 days. It is ...
Roseola overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2] # Overview Roseola is a disease of infants. It is characterized by an abrupt rise in body temperature to as high as 40°C (104°F) followed by a rapid drop to normal within the next 2–4 days w...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Roseola_overview
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wikidoc
Rubella
Rubella overview Synonyms: German measles; 3 day measles # Overview Rubella is a common childhood infection usually with minimal systemic upset although transient arthropathy may occur in adults. Serious complications are very rare. If it were not for the effects of transplacental infection on the developing fetus, ru...
Rubella overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2] Synonyms: German measles; 3 day measles # Overview Rubella is a common childhood infection usually with minimal systemic upset although transient arthropathy may occur in adults. Serious ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rubella_overview
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wikidoc
Rumex acetosella
Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella is a species of sorrel bearing the common names sheep's sorrel, red sorrel, sour weed, and field sorrel. The plant and its subspecies are common perennial weeds. It has green arrowhead-shaped leaves and red-tinted deeply ridged stems, and it sprouts from an aggressive rhizome. The flow...
Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella is a species of sorrel bearing the common names sheep's sorrel, red sorrel, sour weed, and field sorrel. The plant and its subspecies are common perennial weeds. It has green arrowhead-shaped leaves and red-tinted deeply ridged stems, and it sprouts from an aggressive rhizome. The flo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rumex_acetosella
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wikidoc
Son of Sevenless
Son of Sevenless In cell signalling, Son of Sevenless (SOS) refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. # History and name The gene was so named because the Sos protein that it encoded was found to operate downstream of the sevenless gene in Dro...
Son of Sevenless In cell signalling, Son of Sevenless (SOS) refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. # History and name The gene was so named because the Sos protein that it encoded was found to operate downstream of the sevenless gene in Dr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/SOS2
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wikidoc
SU-8 photoresist
SU-8 photoresist For the heavy Soviet ground attack aircraft, see Sukhoi Su-8 # SU-8 Photoresist description SU-8 is a commonly used negative photoresist. It is a very viscous polymer that can be spun or spread over a thickness ranging from 1 micrometer up to 2 millimeters and still be processed with standard mask ali...
SU-8 photoresist For the heavy Soviet ground attack aircraft, see Sukhoi Su-8 # SU-8 Photoresist description SU-8 is a commonly used negative photoresist. It is a very viscous polymer that can be spun or spread over a thickness ranging from 1 micrometer up to 2 millimeters and still be processed with standard mask al...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/SU-8_photoresist
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wikidoc
Saccadic masking
Saccadic masking Saccadic masking, also known as visual saccadic suppression, is the phenomenon in visual perception where the mind selectively blocks visual processing during eye movements in such a way that neither the motion of the eye (and subsequent motion blur of the image) nor the gap in visual perception is not...
Saccadic masking Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Saccadic masking, also known as visual saccadic suppression, is the phenomenon in visual perception where the mind selectively blocks visual processing during eye movements in such a way that neither the motion of the eye (and subsequent motion blur o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Saccadic_masking
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wikidoc
Salvia Divinorum
Salvia Divinorum Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner’s Sage, ska María Pastora, Sage of the Seers, or simply by the genus name, Salvia, is a powerful psychoactive herb. It is a member of the sage genus and the Lamiaceae (mint) family. The Latin name Salvia divinorum literally translates to “sage of the seers”. The ...
Salvia Divinorum Template:Pp-semi-protected Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner’s Sage,[2] ska María Pastora,[3] Sage of the Seers, or simply by the genus name, Salvia, is a powerful psychoactive herb. It is a member of the sage genus and the Lamiaceae (mint) family.[4] The Latin name Salvia divinorum literally tr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Salvia_Divinorum
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wikidoc
Salvia divinorum
Salvia divinorum Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner's Sage, María Pastora, Sage of the Seers, or simply by the genus name, Salvia, is a powerful psychoactive herb. It is a member of the sage genus and the Lamiaceae (mint) family. The Latin name Salvia divinorum literally translates to "sage of the seers". The genu...
Salvia divinorum Template:Pp-semi-protected Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner's Sage,[2] María Pastora,[3] Sage of the Seers, or simply by the genus name, Salvia, is a powerful psychoactive herb. It is a member of the sage genus and the Lamiaceae (mint) family.[4] The Latin name Salvia divinorum literally transl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Salvia_divinorum
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wikidoc
San Pedro cactus
San Pedro cactus The San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi, syn. Trichocereus pachanoi), is a fast-growing columnar cactus native to the Andes of Peru and Ecuador. Known to contain the psychedelic phenethylamine mescaline (lesser than with peyote), it is used mainly as an entheogen, as traditional medicine, and as an o...
San Pedro cactus The San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi, syn. Trichocereus pachanoi), is a fast-growing columnar cactus native to the Andes of Peru and Ecuador.[1] Known to contain the psychedelic phenethylamine mescaline (lesser than with peyote), it is used mainly as an entheogen, as traditional medicine, and as ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/San_Pedro_cactus
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wikidoc
Sandbox:AyeshaFJ
Sandbox:AyeshaFJ # Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19 ### In-hospital SCD - Drug induced: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several pharmacological therapies have been proposed, one of them is of two anti-malarial and antirheumatic drugs called Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine. Due to their cost-effectiveness and easy...
Sandbox:AyeshaFJ # Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19 ### In-hospital SCD - Drug induced: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several pharmacological therapies have been proposed, one of them is of two anti-malarial and antirheumatic drugs called Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine. Due to their cost-effectiveness and easy...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:AyeshaFJ
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wikidoc
Sandbox:Bagheri2
Sandbox:Bagheri2 ## CRANIAL NERVE II Synonyms and Keywords: # Special consideration when adding information from observational studies # Overview The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, t...
Sandbox:Bagheri2 ## CRANIAL NERVE II Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Synonyms and Keywords: # Special consideration when adding information from observational studies Template:Infobox Nerve # Overview The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:Bagheri2
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wikidoc
Sandbox:Maneesha
Sandbox:Maneesha # Overview This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease. - Cardiology is ## Causes - life - cardiac - cardiac arrest - sudden infant death # Risk factors - Smoking - Alchohol ## L...
Sandbox:Maneesha Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2] # Overview This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.[1] ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:Maneesha
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wikidoc
Sandbox:OhGodWhy
Sandbox:OhGodWhy # Overview ° defined as two or more vascular malformations found in one lesion - high flow lesions # Classification ## Classification of Vascular Malformations ## Tables # Vascular Tumors ## Benign vascular tumors 1 ### Infantile hemangioma / Hemangioma of infancy - Most common tumor of infancy....
Sandbox:OhGodWhy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2]a # Overview ° defined as two or more vascular malformations found in one lesion * high flow lesions # Classification ## Classification of Vascular Malformations ## Tables # Vascular Tumors ##...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:OhGodWhy
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wikidoc
Sandbox: Maria12
Sandbox: Maria12 Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3 # Overview Lymphadenopathy ( in Greek, adenas ("gland") and patheia ("act of suffering" or "disease") ) refers to lymph nodes which are abnormal in size, number or consistency and is often used as a synonym for swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. ...
Sandbox: Maria12 Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2] Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3 # Overview Lymphadenopathy ( in Greek, adenas ("gland") and patheia ("act of suffering" or "disease") ) refers to lymph nodes w...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_Maria12
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wikidoc
Sandbox: mahda20
Sandbox: mahda20 # Overview The exact pathogenesis of is not fully understood. OR It is thought that esophageal stricture is the result of lower pressure of esophageal sphincter in gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal motor disorder, inflammation and fibrosis and scar of esophagus  scarry esophagus and es...
Sandbox: mahda20 Template:Mahda Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2] # Overview The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood. OR It is thought that esophageal stricture is the result of lower pressure of esophageal sphincter i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_mahda20
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wikidoc
Sandbox: mahda22
Sandbox: mahda22 # Overview # Epidemiology and Demographics ## Incidence - The incidence/prevalence of is approximately per 100,000 individuals worldwide. - In , the incidence/prevalence of was estimated to be cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. ## Prevalence - The incidence/prevalence of is approximately...
Sandbox: mahda22 Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: # Overview[edit | edit source] # Epidemiology and Demographics[edit | edit source] ## Incidence[edit | edit source] - The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_mahda22
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wikidoc
Sandbox: q fever
Sandbox: q fever # DD The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate watery causes of chronic diarrhea # History and symptoms - Q fever can present with a wide variety of symptoms related to multiple organs involved. Q fever can be classified into acute and chronic based on the onset of symptoms: - Incuba...
Sandbox: q fever # DD The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate watery causes of chronic diarrhea[1][2][3][4] Template:WikiDoc Sources # History and symptoms - Q fever can present with a wide variety of symptoms related to multiple organs involved. Q fever can be classified into acute and chronic bas...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_q_fever
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wikidoc
Sandbox: samaneh
Sandbox: samaneh # Common and Less Common Causes - ↑ Krysiak R, Okopień B (2012). "". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish). 32 (187): 70–3. PMID 22400185.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{col...
Sandbox: samaneh ## Common and Less Common Causes - ↑ Krysiak R, Okopień B (2012). "[Pathogenesis and clinical presentation of andropause]". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish). 32 (187): 70–3. PMID 22400185.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{qu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_samaneh
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wikidoc
Sandbox: staging
Sandbox: staging # Rai Staging System According to the Rai Staging System, there are five stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the degree of lymphocytosis, hemoglobin level, platelets level, the presence of splenomegaly, and the presence of lymphadenopathy. # Binet Staging System According to the Binet Sta...
Sandbox: staging ## Rai Staging System According to the Rai Staging System, there are five stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the degree of lymphocytosis, hemoglobin level, platelets level, the presence of splenomegaly, and the presence of lymphadenopathy.[1] ## Binet Staging System According to the Bine...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:_staging
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wikidoc
Sandbox:haytham1
Sandbox:haytham1 # Immunochemotherapeutic regimens for the management of patients without chromosome 17p deletion or chromosome 11q deletion ## First line therapy - Patients older than 70 years of age with poor performance status: - Obinutuzumab AND chlorambucil - Rituximab AND chlorambucil - Bendamustine AND rituxim...
Sandbox:haytham1 ## Immunochemotherapeutic regimens for the management of patients without chromosome 17p deletion or chromosome 11q deletion ### First line therapy - Patients older than 70 years of age with poor performance status: - Obinutuzumab AND chlorambucil - Rituximab AND chlorambucil - Bendamustine AND ritux...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:haytham1
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wikidoc
Sandbox:surgery1
Sandbox:surgery1 - Surgical intervention alone may be curative as a single therapeutic modality for the management of low risk neuroblastoma patients. - Surgical intervention must be followed by chemotherapy for the management of intermediate risk neuroblastoma patients. - The potential benefit of aggressive surgical a...
Sandbox:surgery1 - Surgical intervention alone may be curative as a single therapeutic modality for the management of low risk neuroblastoma patients. - Surgical intervention must be followed by chemotherapy for the management of intermediate risk neuroblastoma patients. - The potential benefit of aggressive surgical ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:surgery1
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wikidoc
Sandbox:tinnitus
Sandbox:tinnitus ## Pathophysiology of Subjective Tinnitus One of the possible mechanisms relies in the otoacustic emissions. The inner ear contains thousands of minute hairs which vibrate in response to sound waves and cells which convert neural signals back into acoustical vibrations. The sensing cells are connected...
Sandbox:tinnitus ## Pathophysiology of Subjective Tinnitus One of the possible mechanisms relies in the otoacustic emissions. The inner ear contains thousands of minute hairs which vibrate in response to sound waves and cells which convert neural signals back into acoustical vibrations. The sensing cells are connected...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox:tinnitus
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wikidoc
Sandbox 1 mobile
Sandbox 1 mobile For the desktop/tablet version, click here # Overview Wide complex tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate more than 100 beats per minute associated with a QRS interval of more than 120 ms. When wide complex tachycardia is present, it is important to determine whether the tachycardia is of a sup...
Sandbox 1 mobile Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2] For the desktop/tablet version, click here # Overview Wide complex tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate more than 100 beats per minute associated with a QRS interval of more than 120 ms. W...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox_1_mobile
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wikidoc
Sandbox delirium
Sandbox delirium # Definition According to National Institute of Health: The Subtypes of Delirium: - Hyperactive delirium: a subtype of delirium characterised by people who have high arousability and can be restless, agitated or aggressive. - Hypoactive delirium: a subtype of delirium characterised by people who are w...
Sandbox delirium Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2] # Definition According to National Institute of Health: The Subtypes of Delirium: - Hyperactive delirium: a subtype of delirium characterised by people who have high arousability and can be restle...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox_delirium
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wikidoc
Sandbox dialysis
Sandbox dialysis # Overview In medicine, hemodialysis (also haemodialysis) is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are incapable of this (i.e. in renal failure). It is a form of renal dialysis and is therefore a renal replacement therapy...
Sandbox dialysis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [7]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [8] # Overview In medicine, hemodialysis (also haemodialysis) is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are incapa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox_dialysis
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wikidoc
Sandbox mona cor
Sandbox mona cor # Gardnerella vaginalis - Gardnerella vaginalis Return to Top - 1.Bacterial Vaginosis - Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the anaerobic bacteria causing Bacterial Vaginosis,which is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome - Preferred regimen (1): Metronidazole 500 mg PO bid for 7 days - Preferred regimen (2):...
Sandbox mona cor # Gardnerella vaginalis - Gardnerella vaginalis Return to Top - 1.Bacterial Vaginosis[1] - Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the anaerobic bacteria causing Bacterial Vaginosis,which is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome - Preferred regimen (1): Metronidazole 500 mg PO bid for 7 days - Preferred regimen (...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox_mona_cor
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wikidoc
Sandbox ramipril
Sandbox ramipril - Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus - Dosing Information (not receiving diuretic) - Initial dose : Ramipril 2.5 mg PO qd should be used.Adjust dose according to blood pressure response. - Maintenance dose: Ramipril 2.5-20 mg PO qd...
Sandbox ramipril - Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus - Dosing Information (not receiving diuretic) - Initial dose : Ramipril 2.5 mg PO qd should be used.Adjust dose according to blood pressure response. - Maintenance dose: Ramipril 2.5-20 mg PO q...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sandbox_ramipril
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wikidoc
Sartorius muscle
Sartorius muscle # Overview The sartorius muscle is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. It is the longest muscle in the human body. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. # Origin and insertion The sartorius muscle arises by tendinous fibres from the anterior superi...
Sartorius muscle Template:Infobox Muscle # Overview The sartorius muscle is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. It is the longest muscle in the human body. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. # Origin and insertion The sartorius muscle arises by tendinous fibres...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sartorius
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wikidoc
Scalar (physics)
Scalar (physics) In physics, a scalar is a simple physical quantity that is not changed by coordinate system rotations or translations (in Newtonian mechanics), or by Lorentz transformations or space-time translations (in relativity). (Contrast to vector.) # Examples For example, the distance between two points in spa...
Scalar (physics) In physics, a scalar is a simple physical quantity that is not changed by coordinate system rotations or translations (in Newtonian mechanics), or by Lorentz transformations or space-time translations (in relativity). (Contrast to vector.) # Examples For example, the distance between two points in sp...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Scalar_(physics)
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wikidoc
Schüffner's dots
Schüffner's dots Schüffner's dots refers to a hematological finding that is associated with malaria, specifically Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax. Plasmodium vivax induces morphologic alterations in infected host erythrocytes that are visible by light microscopy in Romanovsky-stained blood smears as multiple bric...
Schüffner's dots Schüffner's dots refers to a hematological finding that is associated with malaria,[1] specifically Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax.[2] Plasmodium vivax induces morphologic alterations in infected host erythrocytes that are visible by light microscopy in Romanovsky-stained blood smears as multip...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sch%C3%BCffner%27s_dots
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wikidoc
Secondary palate
Secondary palate # Overview The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates. In human embryology, it refers to that portion of the hard palate that is formed by the growth of the two palatine shelves medially and their mutual fusion in the midline....
Secondary palate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates. In human embryology, it refers to that portion of the hard palate that is formed by the growth of the two palatine shel...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Secondary_palate
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wikidoc
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups (the others being igneous and metamorphic rock). Rock formed from sediments covers 75-80% of the Earth's land area, and includes common types such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, sandstone, conglomerate and shale. Sedimentary rocks are classified by ...
Sedimentary rock Template:Nofootnotes Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups (the others being igneous and metamorphic rock). Rock formed from sediments covers 75-80% of the Earth's land area, and includes common types such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, sandstone, conglomerate and shale.[1] Sedimentary...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sedimentary_rock
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wikidoc
Seizure
Seizure overview # Overview A seizure is a transient event that is due to excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The term 'seizure' is derived from a Greek word that means 'to take hold'. In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classified seizure by its onsets as focal (aware/impair...
Seizure overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2] # Overview A seizure is a transient event that is due to excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The term 'seizure' is derived from a Greek word that means 'to take hold'. In ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Seizure_overview
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wikidoc
Selenium sulfide
Selenium sulfide # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on Wiki...
Selenium sulfide Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adeel Jamil, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Selenium_sulfide
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wikidoc
Senna acutifolia
Senna acutifolia Senna acutifolia (Alexandrian senna, AKA Egyptian Senna, Sene de la palthe, Tinnevelly Senna, East Indian Senna) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. Alexandrian senna is a shrubby plant reaches two meters in height with branched pale stems. it grows natively in upper Egypt, especially in the nu...
Senna acutifolia Senna acutifolia (Alexandrian senna, AKA Egyptian Senna, Sene de la palthe, Tinnevelly Senna, East Indian Senna) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. Alexandrian senna is a shrubby plant reaches two meters in height with branched pale stems. it grows natively in upper Egypt, especially in the n...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Senna_acutifolia
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wikidoc
Senna glycosides
Senna glycosides # Overview Senna glycosides or sennosides are medications which are used as laxatives. Senna derivatives act on the large intestine, or colon, to stimulate fluid secretion and contractions of the colonic wall known as peristalsis. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, t...
Senna glycosides Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Senna glycosides or sennosides are medications which are used as laxatives. Senna derivatives act on the large intestine, or colon, to stimulate fluid secretion and contractions of the colonic wall known as peristalsis.[3] It is on the Wor...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Senna_glycosides
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wikidoc
Sensory receptor
Sensory receptor # Overview In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a structure that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an a...
Sensory receptor # Overview In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a structure that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sensory_receptor
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wikidoc
Serum amyloid A1
Serum amyloid A1 Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene. SAA1 is a major acute-phase protein mainly produced by hepatocytes in response to infection, tissue injury and malignancy. When released into blood circulation, SAA1 is present as an apolipoprotein associated with high-den...
Serum amyloid A1 Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene.[1][2][3] SAA1 is a major acute-phase protein mainly produced by hepatocytes in response to infection, tissue injury and malignancy.[4] When released into blood circulation, SAA1 is present as an apolipoprotein associated ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Serum_amyloid_A1
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wikidoc
Settled insanity
Settled insanity Settled insanity is defined as a permanent or "settled" condition caused by long-term substance abuse and differs from the temporary state of intoxication. In some United States jurisdictions "settled insanity" can be used as a basis for an insanity defense, even though voluntary intoxication cannot, i...
Settled insanity Settled insanity is defined as a permanent or "settled" condition caused by long-term substance abuse and differs from the temporary state of intoxication. In some United States jurisdictions "settled insanity" can be used as a basis for an insanity defense, even though voluntary intoxication cannot, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Settled_insanity
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wikidoc
Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream...
Sewage treatment Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste strea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sewage_treatment
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wikidoc
Sextus Empiricus
Sextus Empiricus Sextus Empiricus (fl. during the 2nd and possibly the 3rd centuries AD), was a physician and philosopher, and has been variously reported to have lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. His philosophical work is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman skepticism. In his medical wo...
Sextus Empiricus Template:Infobox Philosopher Sextus Empiricus (fl. during the 2nd and possibly the 3rd centuries AD), was a physician and philosopher, and has been variously reported to have lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. His philosophical work is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sextus_Empiricus
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wikidoc
Sexual addiction
Sexual addiction Sexual addiction is a term used to describe the behavior of a person who has an unusually intense sex drive or obsession with sex. Sex addicts are people who, desperately afraid of any truly intimate relationship, repeatedly and compulsively try to connect with others through highly impersonal noninti...
Sexual addiction Sexual addiction is a term used to describe the behavior of a person who has an unusually intense sex drive or obsession with sex. [1] Sex addicts are people who, desperately afraid of any truly intimate relationship, repeatedly and compulsively try to connect with others through highly impersonal non...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sexual_addiction
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wikidoc
Shapiro reaction
Shapiro reaction The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of strong base. # Reaction mechanism In a prelude to the actual Shapiro reaction a ketone or an aldehyd...
Shapiro reaction The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of strong base.[1][2][3] # Reaction mechanism In a prelude to the actual Shapiro reaction a ketone or ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Shapiro_reaction
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wikidoc
Sharpey's fibres
Sharpey's fibres Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone tis...
Sharpey's fibres Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone ti...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sharpey%27s_fibers