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Bladder stone
Bladder stone # Overview A bladder stone (also called a vesical calculus or cystolith) is a calculus (stone) found in the urinary bladder. # Classification Urinary stones may be composed of the following substances: - Calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) - Calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite) - Calcium phosphat...
Bladder stone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] # Overview A bladder stone (also called a vesical calculus or cystolith) is a calculus (stone) found in the urinary bladder.[1] # Classification Urinary stones may be composed of the following substances:[2] - Calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) -...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bladder_stone
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Blau syndrome
Blau syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Pediatric Granulomatous Arthritis (PGA), Juvenile Systemic Granulomatosis, Early Onset Sarcoidosis, Jabs Syndrome, NOD2-associated disease-Blau # Overview Blau syndrome is characterized by the triad of early-onset symmetric polyarticular synovitis, skin rash, and eye involvement wi...
Blau syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Synonyms and keywords: Pediatric Granulomatous Arthritis (PGA), Juvenile Systemic Granulomatosis, Early Onset Sarcoidosis, Jabs Syndrome, NOD2-associated disease-Blau # Overview Blau syndr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blau_syndrome
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wikidoc
Blood culture
Blood culture # Overview Blood culture is microbiological culture of blood. It is employed to detect infections that are spreading through the bloodstream (bacteremia, septicemia). # Method A minimum of 10 ml of blood is taken through venipuncture and injected into two or more "blood bottles" with specific media for ...
Blood culture # Overview Blood culture is microbiological culture of blood. It is employed to detect infections that are spreading through the bloodstream (bacteremia, septicemia). # Method A minimum of 10 ml of blood is taken through venipuncture and injected into two or more "blood bottles" with specific media for ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_culture
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Glucose meter
Glucose meter # Overview A glucose meter (or glucometer) is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. It is a key element of home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) by people with diabetes mellitus or with proneness to hypoglycemia. A small drop of blood obtained by pricking...
Glucose meter Editor-in-Chief: Jonathan C. Javitt, M.D. # Overview A glucose meter (or glucometer) is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. It is a key element of home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) by people with diabetes mellitus or with proneness to hypoglycemia....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blood_glucose_meter
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Foaming agent
Foaming agent A foaming agent is a surfactant, which when present in small amounts, facilitates the formation of a foam, or enhances its colloidal stability by inhibiting the coalescence of bubbles. Sodium laureth sulfate, or sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), is a detergent and surfactant found in many personal care ...
Foaming agent Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A foaming agent is a surfactant, which when present in small amounts, facilitates the formation of a foam, or enhances its colloidal stability by inhibiting the coalescence of bubbles.[1] Sodium laureth sulfate, or sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blowing_agent
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Blunt (cigar)
Blunt (cigar) # Overview A blunt is a cigar or (L) which is wider than a cigarillo and not quite as wide as a traditional cigar. These cigars typically consist of two main parts; the inner leaf, which is similar to a cigarette rolling paper, except it is made of tobacco, and a thicker outer leaf which is rolled around...
Blunt (cigar) # Overview A blunt is a cigar or (L) which is wider than a cigarillo and not quite as wide as a traditional cigar. These cigars typically consist of two main parts; the inner leaf, which is similar to a cigarette rolling paper, except it is made of tobacco, and a thicker outer leaf which is rolled around...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Blunt_(cigar)
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Body donation
Body donation # Overview Body donation is the donation of the whole body after death for medical research and education. For years, only medical schools accepted whole bodies for donation. Only the legal next-of-kin(s) of the deceased can provide the necessary consent for donation if the donor did not provide it to th...
Body donation # Overview Body donation is the donation of the whole body after death for medical research and education. For years, only medical schools accepted whole bodies for donation. Only the legal next-of-kin(s) of the deceased can provide the necessary consent for donation if the donor did not provide it to th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body_Donation
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Body piercing
Body piercing # Overview Body piercing is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn. Body piercing is a form of body modification. The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this a...
Body piercing # Overview Body piercing is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn. Body piercing is a form of body modification. The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body_piercing
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Body stuffers
Body stuffers Heroin overdose in a number of cases, can occur accidentally in a group of people called as 'body packers' and 'body stuffers'. Body stuffers usually stuff their rectum or vagina with bags of heroin in an attempt to illegally smuggle them into a country. Since these bags are not specially designed to stor...
Body stuffers Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2] Heroin overdose in a number of cases, can occur accidentally in a group of people called as 'body packers' and 'body stuffers'. Body stuffers usually stuff their rectum or vagina with bags of heroin in an attempt to illegally s...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Body_stuffers
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Boil
Boil overview # Overview Boil or furuncle is a skin disease caused by the inflammation of hair follicles, thus resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissue. Individual boils can cluster together and form an interconnected network of boils called carbuncles. In severe cases, boils may develop to form ...
Boil overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[4]Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [5] # Overview Boil or furuncle is a skin disease caused by the inflammation of hair follicles, thus resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Boil_overview
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Bond polarity
Bond polarity In chemistry, polarity refers to the dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the slightly positively-charged end of one molecule to the negative end of another or the same molecule. Molecular polarity is dependent on the difference in electronegativity between atoms in a compound and the asymmetry of ...
Bond polarity In chemistry, polarity refers to the dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the slightly positively-charged end of one molecule to the negative end of another or the same molecule. Molecular polarity is dependent on the difference in electronegativity between atoms in a compound and the asymmetry of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bond_polarity
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wikidoc
Bone grafting
Bone grafting # Overview Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. Bone grafting is used to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal...
Bone grafting For patient information, click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. Bone grafting is used to repair bone fractures th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bone_graft
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Bone turnover
Bone turnover Bone remodeling is a life long process where old bone is removed from the skeleton (a sub-process called bone resorption) and new bone is added (a sub-process called ossification or bone formation). These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone during growth and following injuries. Rem...
Bone turnover Bone remodeling is a life long process where old bone is removed from the skeleton (a sub-process called bone resorption) and new bone is added (a sub-process called ossification or bone formation). These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone during growth and following injuries. Re...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bone_turnover
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Bootstrapping
Bootstrapping # Overview As an allusion to lifting oneself up by one's own bootstraps, the term bootstrapping means using a special process to perform a task that one would be unable to do in general. In particular, it is used in the following contexts: - Bootstrapping (computing), starting a computer or building com...
Bootstrapping Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Template:Wiktionarypar2 As an allusion to lifting oneself up by one's own bootstraps, the term bootstrapping means using a special process to perform a task that one would be unable to do in general. In particular, it is used in the followin...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bootstrapping
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Borna disease
Borna disease # Overview Borna disease is an infectious neurological syndrome of warm-blooded animals, which causes abnormal behavior and fatality. Originally identified in sheep and horses in Europe, it has since been found to occur in a wide range of warm-blooded animals including birds, cattle, cats and primates an...
Borna disease Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Borna disease is an infectious neurological syndrome of warm-blooded animals, which causes abnormal behavior and fatality. Originally identified in sheep and horses in Europe, it has since been found to occur in a wide range of warm-blooded a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Borna_disease
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Botryomycosis
Botryomycosis Botryomycosis; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera. The disease was originally discovered by Otto Bollinger (1843-1909) in 1870, and its name was coined by Sebastiano Rivolta (1832-1893) in 1884. The nam...
Botryomycosis Botryomycosis; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera. The disease was originally discovered by Otto Bollinger (1843-1909) in 1870, and its name was coined by Sebastiano Rivolta (1832-1893) in 1884. The na...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Botryomycosis
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Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy # Overview Brachytherapy, also known as sealed source radiotherapy or endocurietherapy, is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment. Conversely, external beam radiotherapy, or teletherapy, is the application of radiation that has been ex...
Brachytherapy # Overview Brachytherapy, also known as sealed source radiotherapy or endocurietherapy, is a form of radiotherapy where a radioactive source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment. Conversely, external beam radiotherapy, or teletherapy, is the application of radiation that has been ex...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brachytherapy
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Brain mapping
Brain mapping # Overview Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps. All neuroimaging can be considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a h...
Brain mapping # Overview Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps. All neuroimaging can be considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a h...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_Mapping
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding # Overview Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from a woman's breasts, not from a baby bottle or other container. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. It is possible for most mothers to nourish their infant (or infants in...
Breastfeeding Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] # Overview Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from a woman's breasts, not from a baby bottle or other container. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. It is possible for...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breast-feeding
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Breast Biopsy
Breast Biopsy # Overview Breast biopsy the only definite way to diagnose breast cancer. Hence, every patient with a suspicious lesion in her/his breast needs a biopsy to evaluate the nature of the mass precisely. Nevertheless, a large number of biopsy samples taken from breast lumps are found to be benign. # Biopsy -...
Breast Biopsy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2] # Overview Breast biopsy the only definite way to diagnose breast cancer. Hence, every patient with a suspicious lesion in her/his breast needs a biopsy to evaluate the nature of the mass precise...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breast_Biopsy
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Breast health
Breast health # Cancer # Breast Pain # Infections and inflammations These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections -r autoimmune reactions. Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination. # Pre-malignant diseases - Ca...
Breast health # Cancer # Breast Pain # Infections and inflammations These may be caused among others by trauma, secretory stasis/milk engorgement, hormonal stimulation, infections or autoimmune reactions. Repeated occurrence unrelated to lactation requires endocrinological examination. # Pre-malignant diseases - Ca...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Breast_health
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Parietal bone
Parietal bone # Overview The parietal bones are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. # Surfaces ## External The external surface is convex, smooth, and marked near t...
Parietal bone Template:Infobox Bone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The parietal bones are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. # Surfac...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bregma
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Bremelanotide
Bremelanotide Bremelanotide (formerly PT-141) is the generic term for a new medication for use in treating sexual dysfunction in men (erectile dysfunction or impotence) as well as sexual dysfunction in women (sexual arousal disorder). It is the only known synthetic aphrodisiac. Unlike Viagra and other related medicatio...
Bremelanotide Bremelanotide (formerly PT-141) is the generic term for a new medication for use in treating sexual dysfunction in men (erectile dysfunction or impotence) as well as sexual dysfunction in women (sexual arousal disorder). It is the only known synthetic aphrodisiac. Unlike Viagra and other related medicati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bremelanotide
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Brexpiprazole
Brexpiprazole -Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Brexpiprazole is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. -Suicidal Thoughts and...
Brexpiprazole -Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Brexpiprazole is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. -Suicidal Thoughts an...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brexpiprazole
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Brinell scale
Brinell scale The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science. Brinelling refers to surface fatigue caused by repeated impact or overloading. It is a ...
Brinell scale The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science. Brinelling refers to surface fatigue caused by repeated impact or overloading. It is a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brinell_hardness_test
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Brittle nails
Brittle nails Synonyms and keywords: Onychorrhexis; longitudinal split of nail # Overview Brittle nails is a condition where the nails are fragile and break frequently. # Causes ## Common Causes It can be due to an infection or a nutritional disorder, but they can also be an indication of several other medical condi...
Brittle nails Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Onychorrhexis; longitudinal split of nail # Overview Brittle nails is a condition where the nails are fragile and break frequently. # Causes ## Common Causes It can be due to an infection or a nu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brittle_fingernails
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Bromo-Seltzer
Bromo-Seltzer Bromo-Seltzer (acetaminophen, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid), is an antacid used to relieve pain occurring together with heartburn, upset stomach, or acid indigestion. Originally produced by the Emerson Drug Company, Bromo-Seltzer is sold in the United States in the form of effervescent granules w...
Bromo-Seltzer Bromo-Seltzer (acetaminophen, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid), is an antacid used to relieve pain occurring together with heartburn, upset stomach, or acid indigestion. Originally produced by the Emerson Drug Company, Bromo-Seltzer is sold in the United States in the form of effervescent granules ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bromo-Seltzer
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Bromocriptine
Bromocriptine # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc...
Bromocriptine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is int...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bromocriptine
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Forehead lift
Forehead lift # Overview A forehead lift, also known as a browlift or browplasty, is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to elevate a drooping eyebrow that may obstruct vision and/or to remove the deep “worry” lines that run across the forehead and may portray to others anger, sternness, hostility, fatigue or other unin...
Forehead lift Editors-In-Chief: Martin I. Newman, M.D., FACS, Cleveland Clinic Florida, [1]; Michel C. Samson, M.D., FRCSC, FACS [2] # Overview A forehead lift, also known as a browlift or browplasty, is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to elevate a drooping eyebrow that may obstruct vision and/or to remove the deep...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brow_lift
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Brugia timori
Brugia timori # Overview Brugia timori is a human filarial parasitic nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease Timor filariasis. While this disease was first described in 1965, the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977. In that same year, Anopheles barbirostris was shown to ...
Brugia timori Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] # Overview Brugia timori is a human filarial parasitic nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease Timor filariasis. While this disease was first described in 1965,[1] the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977.[2]...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brugia_timori
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Bulbus cordis
Bulbus cordis # Overview When the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form, the bulbus cordis lies ventral to the primitive ventricle. Together, the bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle give rise to the ventricle of the formed heart. The adjacent walls of the bulbus cordis and ventricle approximate, fuse, and ...
Bulbus cordis Template:Infobox Embryology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview When the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form, the bulbus cordis lies ventral to the primitive ventricle. Together, the bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle give rise to the ventricle of the formed hear...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bulbus_cordis
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Food additive
Food additive # Overview Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as with wines. With the ad...
Food additive Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweet...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bulking_agents
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Bunsen burner
Bunsen burner # Overview A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion. # History When the University of Heidelberg hired Robert Bunsen in 1852, the authorities promised to build him a new laboratory building. ...
Bunsen burner Template:Infobox Laboratory equipment # Overview A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion. # History When the University of Heidelberg hired Robert Bunsen in 1852, the authorities promised t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bunsen_burner
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Burn
Burn overview # Overview A burn is an injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, light, radiation, or friction. Burns can be highly variable in terms of the tissue affected, the severity, and resultant complications. Muscle, bone, blood vessel, and epidermal tissue can all be damaged with subsequent pain due...
Burn overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eman Alademi, M.D.[2] # Overview A burn is an injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, light, radiation, or friction. Burns can be highly variable in terms of the tissue affected, the severity, and resultant com...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Burn_overview
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Burr (cutter)
Burr (cutter) # Overview Burrs (sometimes called rotary files) are small cutters used in die grinders, rotary tools or dentist's drills. The name may be considered appropriate when their small sized head (3 mm diameter shaft) is compared to that of a seed of the burr (fruit)|burr fruit. To maintain the correct surface...
Burr (cutter) # Overview Burrs (sometimes called rotary files) are small cutters used in die grinders, rotary tools or dentist's drills. The name may be considered appropriate when their small sized head (3 mm diameter shaft) is compared to that of a seed of the burr (fruit)|burr fruit. To maintain the correct surface...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Burr_(cutter)
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1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene # Overview 1,3-Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene. It is an important industrial chemical used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. When the word butadiene is used, most of the time it refers to 1,3-butadiene. The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene, which is a ...
1,3-Butadiene Template:Chembox new # Overview 1,3-Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene. It is an important industrial chemical used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. When the word butadiene is used, most of the time it refers to 1,3-butadiene. The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Butadiene
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Petrochemical
Petrochemical # Overview Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. (With regard to etymology, the name is incorrect, as the Greek root petro- means "rock"; the correct term is oleochemicals, from the Greek root oleo-, meaning "oil".) Although some of the chemical...
Petrochemical # Overview Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. (With regard to etymology, the name is incorrect, as the Greek root petro- means "rock"; the correct term is oleochemicals, from the Greek root oleo-, meaning "oil".) Although some of the chemical...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Butyl_Alcohol
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Butyrophenone
Butyrophenone Butyrophenone is a chemical compound (a ketone); some of its derivatives (called commonly butyrophenones) are used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as acting as antiemetics. Butyrophenones are a class of pharmaceutical drugs derived from butyrophenone. Examples include...
Butyrophenone Template:Chembox new Butyrophenone is a chemical compound (a ketone); some of its derivatives (called commonly butyrophenones) are used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as acting as antiemetics. Butyrophenones are a class of pharmaceutical drugs derived from butyrophe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Butyrophenone
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wikidoc
C-type lectin
C-type lectin A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of lectin that requires calcium for binding. An example is the asialoglycoprotein receptor. CLECs include: - CLEC1A, CLEC1B - CLEC2A, CLEC2B, CD69 (CLEC2C), CLEC2D, CLEC2L - CLEC3A, CLEC3B - CLEC4A, CLEC4C, CLEC4D, CLEC4E, CLEC4F, CLEC4G, ASGR1 (CLEC4H1), ASGR2 (CLEC4H2), ...
C-type lectin A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of lectin that requires calcium for binding.[1] An example is the asialoglycoprotein receptor. CLECs include: - CLEC1A, CLEC1B - CLEC2A, CLEC2B, CD69 (CLEC2C), CLEC2D, CLEC2L - CLEC3A, CLEC3B - CLEC4A, CLEC4C, CLEC4D, CLEC4E, CLEC4F, CLEC4G, ASGR1 (CLEC4H1), ASGR2 (CLEC4H...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/C-type_lectin
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wikidoc
CAD (protein)
CAD (protein) CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis. De-novo synthesis starts with cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase II which uses glutamine, carbon dioxide ...
CAD (protein) CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis. De-novo synthesis starts with cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase II which uses glutamine, carbon dioxide...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CAD_(protein)
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wikidoc
IL-2 receptor
IL-2 receptor The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2. # Composition IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has three forms, generated by different combinations of three diffe...
IL-2 receptor The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2. # Composition IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has three forms, generated by different combinations of three diff...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CD122
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wikidoc
T helper cell
T helper cell T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or Th cells) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system. These cells are unusual in that they have no cytotoxic or phagocytic activ...
T helper cell Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or Th cells) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system. These cells are unusua...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CD4%2B
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wikidoc
CD5 (protein)
CD5 (protein) CD5 is a cluster of differentiation expressed on the surface of T cells (various species) and in a subset of murine B cells known as B-1a. The expression of this receptor in human B cells has been a controversial topic and up to date there is no consensus regarding the role of this receptor as a marker of...
CD5 (protein) CD5[1] is a cluster of differentiation expressed on the surface of T cells (various species) and in a subset of murine B cells known as B-1a. The expression of this receptor in human B cells has been a controversial topic and up to date there is no consensus regarding the role of this receptor as a marke...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CD5_(protein)
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wikidoc
CH activation
CH activation Carbon-hydrogen bond activation or CH activation may be defined as a facile carbon hydrogen cleavage reaction with an organometallic “MX” species that proceeds by coordination of a hydrocarbon to the inner-sphere of “M” (either via an intermediate “alkane or arene complex” or a transition state) leading t...
CH activation Carbon-hydrogen bond activation or CH activation may be defined as a facile carbon hydrogen cleavage reaction with an organometallic “MX” species that proceeds by coordination of a hydrocarbon to the inner-sphere of “M” (either via an intermediate “alkane or arene complex” or a transition state) leading ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CH_activation
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wikidoc
CJP/Sandbox 1
CJP/Sandbox 1 #wjgContainer { font-family:Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size:0.8em;} #report { border-collapse:collapse; width:90%} #report h4 { margin:0px; padding:0px;} #report img { float:right;} #report ul { margin:10px 0 10px 40px; padding:0px;} #report th { background...
CJP/Sandbox 1 #wjgContainer { font-family:Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size:0.8em;} #report { border-collapse:collapse; width:90%} #report h4 { margin:0px; padding:0px;} #report img { float:right;} #report ul { margin:10px 0 10px 40px; padding:0px;} #report th { background...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CJP/Sandbox_1
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wikidoc
CO₂ retention
CO₂ retention # Overview CO2 retention is a pathophysiological process in which too little carbon dioxide is removed from the blood by the lungs. The end result is hypercapnia, an elevated level of carbon dioxide dissolved in the bloodstream. Various diseases may lead to this state; disturbed gas exchange may lead to ...
CO₂ retention Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview CO2 retention is a pathophysiological process in which too little carbon dioxide is removed from the blood by the lungs. The end result is hypercapnia, an elevated level of carbon dioxide dissolved in the bloodstream. Various diseases may lea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CO%E2%82%82_retention
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wikidoc
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium oxide # Overview Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. CdO is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds It crystallizes in a cubic lattice like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. # Production and structure Since cadmium compounds are often found in ...
Cadmium oxide Template:Chembox new # Overview Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. CdO is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds It crystallizes in a cubic lattice like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers.[1] # Production and structure Since cadmium comp...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cadmium_oxide
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wikidoc
Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide # Overview Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid. As a commercial product, lime often also contains magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and smaller amounts of aluminium oxide and iron oxid...
Calcium oxide Template:Chembox new # Overview Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid. As a commercial product, lime often also contains magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and smaller amounts of alumini...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Calcium_oxide
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wikidoc
Caliciviridae
Caliciviridae Calicivirus Vesivirus Lagovirus Norovirus Sapovirus The Caliciviridae family are members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. They are positive-sense, single stranded RNA which is non-segmented. The caliciviruses have been found in a number of organisms such as humans, cattle, pigs, chickens, reptiles, ...
Caliciviridae Template:Taxobox begin Template:Taxobox begin placement virus Calicivirus Template:Taxobox group iv entry Template:Taxobox familia entry Template:Taxobox end placement Template:Taxobox section subdivision Vesivirus Lagovirus Norovirus Sapovirus Template:Taxobox end The Caliciviridae family are members of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caliciviridae
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wikidoc
Camillo Golgi
Camillo Golgi # Overview Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 – January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician and scientist. # Biography Camillo Golgi was born in Corteno (Brescia). His father was a physician and district medical officer. Golgi studied at University of Pavia, where he worked in the experimental pathology laborat...
Camillo Golgi # Overview Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 – January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician and scientist. # Biography Camillo Golgi was born in Corteno (Brescia). His father was a physician and district medical officer. Golgi studied at University of Pavia, where he worked in the experimental pathology laborat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Camillo_Golgi
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wikidoc
Camp Setebaid
Camp Setebaid Camp Setebaid is a camp for children and teens ages 8-17 with diabetes. It is located west of Wilkes-Barre in the mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania. It has been serving children with Type 1 diabetes since 1978. The name Setebaid is "diabetes" spelled backwards, which was suggested by campers in the e...
Camp Setebaid Camp Setebaid is a camp for children and teens ages 8-17 with diabetes. It is located west of Wilkes-Barre in the mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania. It has been serving children with Type 1 diabetes since 1978. The name Setebaid is "diabetes" spelled backwards, which was suggested by campers in the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Camp_Setebaid
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wikidoc
Campylobacter
Campylobacter The genus Campylobacter are Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a somewhat curved, rod-like appearance, and are oxidase-positive. Campylobacter jejuni is now recognised as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease i...
Campylobacter The genus Campylobacter are Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a somewhat curved, rod-like appearance, and are oxidase-positive.[1] Campylobacter jejuni is now recognised as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Campylobacter
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wikidoc
Camran Nezhat
Camran Nezhat Dr. Camran Nezhat, MD F.A.C.O.G., F.A.C.S., is a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility sub specialist who has been practicing medicine and surgery at Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto since 1993. He is the pioneer and leading practitioner in the field of laparoscopic surgery, sp...
Camran Nezhat Template:Cleanup Dr. Camran Nezhat, MD F.A.C.O.G., F.A.C.S., is a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility sub specialist who has been practicing medicine and surgery at Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto since 1993. He is the pioneer and leading practitioner in the field of laparo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Camran_Nezhat
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wikidoc
Canada balsam
Canada balsam Canada balsam, also called Canada turpentine or balsam of fir, is a turpentine which is made from the resin of the balsam fir tree (Abies balsamea). It is the fir's resin, dissolved in essential oils, and is a viscous, sticky, colourless (sometimes yellowish) liquid, that turns to a transparent yellowish ...
Canada balsam Canada balsam, also called Canada turpentine or balsam of fir, is a turpentine which is made from the resin of the balsam fir tree (Abies balsamea). It is the fir's resin, dissolved in essential oils, and is a viscous, sticky, colourless (sometimes yellowish) liquid, that turns to a transparent yellowish...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Canada_balsam
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wikidoc
Canagliflozin
Canagliflozin # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc...
Canagliflozin Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Stefano Giannoni [2],Alberto Plate [3] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Canagliflozin
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wikidoc
Candyflipping
Candyflipping Candyflipping is a term used to refer to taking a combination of an empathogen such as MDMA with a hallucinogen such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The experience on LSD is highly dependent upon the user's mood, which is amplified during the experience and can range from euphoria to nightmarish hall...
Candyflipping Candyflipping is a term used to refer to taking a combination of an empathogen such as MDMA with a hallucinogen such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The experience on LSD is highly dependent upon the user's mood, which is amplified during the experience and can range from euphoria to nightmarish hal...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Candyflipping
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wikidoc
Capitate bone
Capitate bone # Overview The capitate bone is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones; a constricted portion or neck;...
Capitate bone Template:Infobox Bone # Overview The capitate bone is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones; a const...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Capitate
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wikidoc
Caprini score
Caprini score # Overview The Caprini risk score is a risk assessment tool for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism among surgical patients. # Caprini Score The Caprini risk score is a risk assessment tool for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism among surgical patients. The Caprini risk score includes 20 vari...
Caprini score Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2], Rim Halaby, M.D. [3], Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [4], Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[5] # Overview The Caprini risk score is a risk assessment tool for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism among...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caprini_risk_assessment_model
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wikidoc
Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight chain fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in coconuts and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste that is minimally soluble in water. # Uses Caprylic acid is used co...
Caprylic acid Template:Chembox new Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight chain fatty acid known by the systematic name octanoic acid. It is found naturally in coconuts and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste that is minimally soluble in water. # Uses Ca...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caprylic_acid
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wikidoc
Caput medusae
Caput medusae Caput medusae is the appearance of distended and engorged umbilical veins which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join systemic veins. # Etymology The name caput medusae (Latin for "head of Medusa") originates from the apparent similarity to Medusa's hair once Minerva had turned...
Caput medusae Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Caput medusae is the appearance of distended and engorged umbilical veins which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join systemic veins. # Etymology The name caput medusae (Latin for "head of Medusa") originates from the apparent...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caput_medusae
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wikidoc
Caraway thyme
Caraway thyme Thymus herba-barona is a species of thyme native to Corsica, Sardinia and Mallorca, also known by its common name Caraway Thyme. This thyme has a strong scent similar to Caraway, for which it can be used as a substitute in any recipe. It can be used in cuisine or as an evergreen groundcover for gardens. C...
Caraway thyme Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Thymus herba-barona is a species of thyme native to Corsica, Sardinia and Mallorca, also known by its common name Caraway Thyme. This thyme has a strong scent similar to Caraway, for which it can be used as a substitute in any recipe. It can be used in c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caraway_thyme
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wikidoc
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc...
Carbamazepine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Deepika Beereddy, MBBS [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbamazepine
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wikidoc
Carbamic acid
Carbamic acid Carbamic acid is a compound that is unstable under normal circumstances. Its importance is due more to its relevance in identifying the names of larger compounds. The radical is called "carbamoyl". "Carbamoyltransferases" are transferase enzymes classified under EC number 2.1.3. Carbamate is an ester of c...
Carbamic acid Template:Chembox new Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carbamic acid is a compound that is unstable under normal circumstances. Its importance is due more to its relevance in identifying the names of larger compounds. The radical is called "carbamoyl". "Carbamoyltransferases" are transfe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbamic_acid
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wikidoc
Carbenicillin
Carbenicillin # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc...
Carbenicillin Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbenicillin
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Carbenoxolone
Carbenoxolone # Overview Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative with a steroid-like structure, similar to substances found in the root of the licorice plant. Carbenoxolone is used for the treatment of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation. Electrolyte imbalance is a serious side effe...
Carbenoxolone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative with a steroid-like structure, similar to substances found in the root of the licorice plant. Carbenoxolone is used for the treatment of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflam...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbenoxolone
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wikidoc
Pentoxyverine
Pentoxyverine # Overview Pentoxyverine (rINN) or carbetapentane is an antitussive (cough suppressant) commonly used for cough associated with illnesses like common cold. It is sold over-the-counter in the United States as Solotuss, or in combination with other medications, especially decongestants. One such product is...
Pentoxyverine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Pentoxyverine (rINN) or carbetapentane is an antitussive (cough suppressant) commonly used for cough associated with illnesses like common cold. It is sold over-the-counter in the United States as Solotuss,[1] or in combination with other med...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbetapentane
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wikidoc
Carbinoxamine
Carbinoxamine # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc...
Carbinoxamine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sree Teja Yelamanchili, MBBS [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbinoxamine
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Carbon-13 NMR
Carbon-13 NMR # Overview Carbon-13 NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance with respect to carbon. It is analogous to proton NMR and allows the identification of carbon atoms in an organic molecule just as proton NMR identifies hydrogen atoms. As such carbon NMR is an important tool in structure elucidati...
Carbon-13 NMR # Overview Carbon-13 NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance with respect to carbon. It is analogous to proton NMR and allows the identification of carbon atoms in an organic molecule just as proton NMR identifies hydrogen atoms. As such carbon NMR is an important tool in structure elucidati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbon-13_NMR
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wikidoc
Carbonium ion
Carbonium ion A carbonium ion is a carbocation of the penta- or tetracoordinated nonclassical type such as an ion of the type R5C+. # Methanium The parent compound methanium or CH5+ is protonated methane and a superacid. This ion exists as a reactive intermediate in interstellar space and can be produced in the labor...
Carbonium ion A carbonium ion is a carbocation of the penta- or tetracoordinated nonclassical type such as an ion of the type R5C+.[1] # Methanium The parent compound methanium or CH5+ is protonated methane and a superacid. This ion exists as a reactive intermediate in interstellar space and can be produced in the l...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbonium_ion
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wikidoc
Carbonylation
Carbonylation Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. # Organic chemistry Several chemicals used significantly in industry are ...
Carbonylation Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. # Organic chemistry Several chemicals used significantly in industry are...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbonylation
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wikidoc
Carboxylation
Carboxylation # Overview Carboxylation in chemistry is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid group is introduced in a substrate. The opposite reaction is decarboxylation. # Carboxylation in organic chemistry In organic chemistry many different protocols exist for carboxylation. One general approach is by rea...
Carboxylation # Overview Carboxylation in chemistry is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid group is introduced in a substrate. The opposite reaction is decarboxylation. # Carboxylation in organic chemistry In organic chemistry many different protocols exist for carboxylation. One general approach is by rea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carboxylase
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wikidoc
Contractility
Contractility # Overview Myocardial Contractility is a term used in physiology to describe the performance of cardiac muscle. It is often defined as: the intrinsic ability of a cardiac muscle fibre to contract at a given fibre length. # Determinants of Myocardial Contractility The five determinants of myocardial per...
Contractility Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Myocardial Contractility is a term used in physiology to describe the performance of cardiac muscle. It is often defined as: the intrinsic ability of a cardiac muscle fibre to contract at a given fibre length. # Determinants of Myocardial C...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_contractility
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wikidoc
Heart disease
Heart disease # Overview Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases which affect the heart and as of 2007 it is the leading cause of death in the United States. # Types of heart disease ## Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease". It is the deterioration of the f...
Heart disease Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases which affect the heart and as of 2007 it is the leading cause of death in the United States.[1] # Types of heart disease ## Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy literally means "...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_disease
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wikidoc
Gallop rhythm
Gallop rhythm # Overview A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called the first heart sound or (S1) and the second heart sound (S2) that giv...
Gallop rhythm Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation.[1] It includes three or four sounds,[2] thus resembling the sounds of a gallop. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called the first hea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_gallop
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wikidoc
Cardiac shunt
Cardiac shunt # Overview Cardiac shunts refer to the abnormal flow of blood or mixing of blood between anatomic structures that are ordinarily separated. An example would be mixing of blood between the right atrium and the left atrium in a patient with an atrial septal defect. The direction of flow of the blood may b...
Cardiac shunt Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Cardiac shunts refer to the abnormal flow of blood or mixing of blood between anatomic structures that are ordinarily separated. An example would be mixing of blood between the right atrium and the left atrium in a patient with an atrial sept...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_shunt
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wikidoc
Cardiac veins
Cardiac veins # Overview The cardiac veins return deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium and run parallel to coronary arteries. # Anatomy The components of the cardiac venous system are the following: ## Coronary sinus - It is present in the coronary sulcus. - It receives most venous return of th...
Cardiac veins Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The cardiac veins return deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium and run parallel to coronary arteries. # Anatomy The components of the cardiac venous system are the following: ## Coronary sinus - It is present in the cor...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiac_veins
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Carotid bruit
Carotid bruit # Overview A carotid bruit is a bruit or sound heard over the carotid artery area, usually by a nurse or physician during auscultation. It is usually the result of a stenosis of the carotid artery, and is unlikely to be heard if the stenosis occludes less than 40% of the diameter of the artery. Likewise,...
Carotid bruit Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2] # Overview A carotid bruit is a bruit or sound heard over the carotid artery area, usually by a nurse or physician during auscultation. It is usually the result of a stenosis of the carot...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carotid_Bruit
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Carotid sinus
Carotid sinus # Overview In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. # Functions It contains numerous baroreceptors, which function as a "sampling area" for many homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure. ...
Carotid sinus Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. # Functions It contains numerous baroreceptors, which function as a "sa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carotid_sinus
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Urinary casts
Urinary casts # Overview ‘Cast’ describes the shape of aggregated particulates in urine rather than a particular substance, thus a modifier is necessary to describe the actual composition of the cast. ‘Cast’ simply describes a cylindrically shaped aggregation of some particulate that forms in the distal convoluted t...
Urinary casts # Overview ‘Cast’ describes the shape of aggregated particulates in urine rather than a particular substance, thus a modifier is necessary to describe the actual composition of the cast. ‘Cast’ simply describes a cylindrically shaped aggregation of some particulate that forms in the distal convoluted t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Casts_in_urine
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Catecholamine
Catecholamine Catecholamines are sympathomimetic "fight-or-flight" hormones released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. They are part of the sympathetic nervous system. They are called catecholamines because they contain a catechol or 3,4-dihydroxylphenyl group. They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. ...
Catecholamine Catecholamines are sympathomimetic[1] "fight-or-flight" hormones released by the adrenal glands in response to stress.[2] They are part of the sympathetic nervous system. They are called catecholamines because they contain a catechol or 3,4-dihydroxylphenyl group. They are derived from the amino acid tyr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Catecholamine
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Cauterization
Cauterization Cauterization is a medical term describing the burning of the body to remove or close a part of it. The main forms of cauterization used today are electrocautery and chemical cautery. Cautery can also mean the branding of a human, either recreational or forced. Accidental burns can be considered cauteriza...
Cauterization Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Cauterization is a medical term describing the burning of the body to remove or close a part of it. The main forms of cauterization used today are electrocautery and chemical cautery. Cautery can also mean the branding of a human, either recreational or ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cauterization
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Caval opening
Caval opening The caval opening is a hiatus in the diaphragm of humans through which passes the inferior vena cava, the wall of which is adherent to the margins of the opening, and some branches of the right phrenic nerve. It is located approximately at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra (T8), and passes through...
Caval opening Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The caval opening is a hiatus in the diaphragm of humans through which passes the inferior vena cava, the wall of which is adherent to the margins of the opening, and some branches of the right phrenic nerve. It is located approx...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caval_opening
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Cayo Santiago
Cayo Santiago Cayo Santiago, also known as Monkey Island, is an uninhabited island, 950 m (0.6 mi) southeast of Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico. It extends 600 m (656 yd) north-south and 400 m (437 yd) east-west, including the flat northeastern peninsula which is connected to the main part only by a narrow sandy i...
Cayo Santiago Cayo Santiago, also known as Monkey Island, is an uninhabited island, 950 m (0.6 mi) southeast of Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico. It extends 600 m (656 yd) north-south and 400 m (437 yd) east-west, including the flat northeastern peninsula which is connected to the main part only by a narrow sandy ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cayo_Santiago
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Celiac artery
Celiac artery The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk and also spelled as coeliac, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and branches from the aorta around the level of the T12 vertebra in humans. It is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta (the others are the superior and ...
Celiac artery Template:Infobox Artery Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk and also spelled as coeliac, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and branches from the aorta around the level of the T12 vertebra in humans. It is one of three anterio...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Celiac_artery
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Celiac plexus
Celiac plexus The celiac plexus (also known as the solar plexus) is a complex network of nerves (a plexus) located in the abdomen. # Structure The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the oment...
Celiac plexus Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The celiac plexus (also known as the solar plexus) is a complex network of nerves (a plexus) located in the abdomen. # Structure The celiac plexus is located near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal art...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Celiac_plexus
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Cell membrane
Cell membrane The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma or "phospholipid bilayer") is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cells. It contains a wide variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a vast array of cellular processes, and also serves as th...
Cell membrane Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma or "phospholipid bilayer") is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cells.[1] It contains a wide variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell-surface
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Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to another cell or to a surface or matrix. Cellular adhesion is regulated by specific adhesion molecules that interact with molecules on the opposing cell or surface. Such adhesion molecules are also termed "receptors" and the molecules they recognize are termed ...
Cell adhesion Template:Cleanup Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to another cell or to a surface or matrix. Cellular adhesion is regulated by specific adhesion molecules that interact with molecules on the opposing cell or surface. Such adhesion molecules are also termed "receptors" and the molecules they rec...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell_adhesion
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Cell division
Cell division Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. In meiosis however, a cell is permanently transformed and cannot divide again. For simple unicellular organisms such as the Am...
Cell division Cell division is a process by which a cell, called the parent cell, divides into two cells, called daughter cells. Cell division is usually a small segment of a larger cell cycle. In meiosis however, a cell is permanently transformed and cannot divide again. For simple unicellular organisms such as the A...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell_division
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Cell envelope
Cell envelope The cell envelope is the cell membrane and cell wall plus an outer membrane, if one is present. Most bacterial cell envelopes fall into two major categories: Gram positive and Gram negative. These are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics. As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall pro...
Cell envelope The cell envelope is the cell membrane and cell wall plus an outer membrane, if one is present. Most bacterial cell envelopes fall into two major categories: Gram positive and Gram negative. These are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics. As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall pr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell_envelope
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Cell junction
Cell junction # Overview A cell junction is a structure within a tissue of a multicellular organism. Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they build up the paracell...
Cell junction # Overview A cell junction is a structure within a tissue of a multicellular organism. Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they build up the paracell...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cell_junction
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Cephalic vein
Cephalic vein # Overview In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes...
Cephalic vein Template:Infobox Vein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cephalic_vein
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Cephalization
Cephalization Cephalization is an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism. This process eventually produces a head region with sensory organs. Cephalization is intrinsically connected with a change in symmetry. It accompanied the move to bila...
Cephalization Cephalization is an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism. This process eventually produces a head region with sensory organs.[1] Cephalization is intrinsically connected with a change in symmetry. It accompanied the move to ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cephalization
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Cephalosporin
Cephalosporin The cephalosporins (IPA: Template:IPA) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. # History Cephalosporin compounds were first isolated from cultures of Cephalosporium acremonium from a sewer in Sardinia in 1948 by Italian scientist Giuseppe ...
Cephalosporin Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The cephalosporins (IPA: Template:IPA) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. # History Cephalosporin compounds were first isolated from cultures of Cephalosporium acremonium from a sewe...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cephalosporin
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Ceramic glaze
Ceramic glaze Glaze is a layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fired to fuse to a ceramic object to color, decorate, strengthen or waterproof it. # Use Glazing is functionally important for earthenware vessels, which would otherwise be unsuitable for holding liquids due to porosity. Glaze is also ...
Ceramic glaze Template:Nofootnotes Glaze is a layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fired to fuse to a ceramic object to color, decorate, strengthen or waterproof it.[1] # Use Glazing is functionally important for earthenware vessels, which would otherwise be unsuitable for holding liquids due to ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ceramic_glaze
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Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene. Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948. Another protein, hephaestin, is noted for its homology to ce...
Ceruloplasmin Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.[1][2][3] Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948.[4] Another protein, hephaestin, is noted for its h...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ceruloplasmin
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Cetane number
Cetane number Cetane number or CN is a measurement of the combustion quality of diesel fuel during compression ignition. It is a significant expression of diesel fuel quality among a number of other measurements that determine overall diesel fuel quality. Cetane number of a fuel is defined as the percentage by volume o...
Cetane number Cetane number or CN is a measurement of the combustion quality of diesel fuel during compression ignition. It is a significant expression of diesel fuel quality among a number of other measurements that determine overall diesel fuel quality. Cetane number of a fuel is defined as the percentage by volume ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cetane_number
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Channelopathy
Channelopathy # Overview Channelopathies are diseases caused by disturbed function of ion channel subunits or the proteins that regulate them. These diseases may be either congenital (often resulting from a mutation or mutations in the encoding genes) or acquired (often resulting from autoimmune attack on an ion chan...
Channelopathy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Channelopathies are diseases caused by disturbed function of ion channel subunits or the proteins that regulate them. These diseases may be either congenital (often resulting from a mutation or mutations in the encoding genes) or acquired (o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Channelopathies
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Charcot joint
Charcot joint # Overview Bone and joint changes secondary to loss of sensation, as first described by Charcot in 1868. There are 2 major theories regarding the neuropathic joint. # Pathophysiology - Neurotramatic theory: the loss of normal proprioception and sensation leads to recurrent trauma, resulting in joint des...
Charcot joint Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bone and joint changes secondary to loss of sensation, as first described by Charcot in 1868. There are 2 major theories regarding the neuropathic joint. # Pathophysiology - Neurotramatic theory: the loss of normal proprioception and sensati...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Charcot_joint
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Charles's law
Charles's law In thermodynamics and physical chemistry, Charles's law is a gas law and specific instance of the ideal gas law, which states that: The law was first published by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he referenced unpublished work by Jacques Charles from around 1787. This reference has led to the law bein...
Charles's law In thermodynamics and physical chemistry, Charles's law is a gas law and specific instance of the ideal gas law, which states that: The law was first published by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he referenced unpublished work by Jacques Charles from around 1787. This reference has led to the law bei...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Charles%27s_law
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Charles Stent
Charles Stent Charles Stent (1807-1885) was a nineteenth-century English dentist notable for his advances in the field of denture making. In 1847, Edwin Truman introduced gutta-percha as a material for making dental impressions; however, this was unsatisfactory for several reasons, including its tendency to distort upo...
Charles Stent Charles Stent (1807-1885) was a nineteenth-century English dentist notable for his advances in the field of denture making. In 1847, Edwin Truman introduced gutta-percha as a material for making dental impressions; however, this was unsatisfactory for several reasons, including its tendency to distort up...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Charles_Stent