question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
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Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of what in the blood? | [
"protein",
"water",
"sugar",
"plasma"
] | C | Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of sugar in the blood. People with diabetes have high blood sugar, either because their bodies do not produce enough insulin, or because their cells do not respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells take up sugar from ... | train | sciq | null |
All living organisms are classified into one of six broad categories called what? | [
"kingdoms",
"cities",
"nobles",
"tribes"
] | A | The level of biodiversity found in the fossil record suggests that the last few million years include the period of greatest biodiversity in the Earth's history. However, not all scientists support this view, since there is a lot of uncertainty as to how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common type of cancer in adult males? | [
"stomach cancer",
"lung cancer",
"liver cancer",
"prostate cancer"
] | D | Cancer is usually found in adults, especially in adults over the age of 50. The most common type of cancer in adult males is cancer of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer makes up about one third of all cancers in men. The most common type of cancer in adult f... | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle and energy? | [
"alpha decay",
"alpha radition",
"radar decay",
"nucleus decay"
] | A | Alpha decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle and energy. The diagram in Figure below represents alpha decay. An alpha particle contains two protons and two neutrons, giving it a charge of +2. A helium nucleus has two protons and two neutrons, so an alpha particle is represented in nuclear equatio... | train | sciq | null |
What molecule can be used by the body to synthesize cholesterol ? | [
"ethylene coa",
"chloride coa",
"acetyl coa",
"hydroxide coa"
] | C | Because of the link between high levels of cholesterol and heart disease, it is commonly seen by the general public as a “bad” molecule. However, cholesterol plays a vital role in the body, as both a structural component of cell membranes and a metabolic precursor to various steroid hormones. Only about 30% of the chol... | train | sciq | null |
Full siblings share how many genes with each other? | [
"75%",
"25%",
"half",
"100%"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Which highly valuable substance found in jewelry has a density of about 19 g/cm^3? | [
"silver",
"rubies",
"diamonds",
"gold"
] | D | Samples that are the same size, but have different densities, will have different masses. Gold has a density of about 19 g/cm 3 . Pyrite has a density of only about 5 g/cm 3 . Quartz is even less dense than pyrite, and has a density of 2.7 g/cm 3 . If you picked up a piece of pyrite and a piece of quartz that were the ... | train | sciq | null |
Sperm propel themselves through secretions in the uterus and enter what tube? | [
"uterine",
"fallopian",
"ovarian",
"gaseous"
] | B | A day or two after an ovary releases an egg, the egg may unite with a sperm. Sperm are deposited in the vagina during sexual intercourse. They propel themselves through secretions in the uterus and enter a fallopian tube. This is where fertilization normally takes place. | train | sciq | null |
What type of minerals are often found where seas once covered the land? | [
"carbonate",
"sea salt",
"magnesium",
"crystals"
] | A | Carbonate minerals are often found where seas once covered the land. Some carbonate minerals are very common. Calcite contains calcium, carbon, and oxygen. Have you ever been in a limestone cave or seen a marble tile? Calcite is in both limestone and marble. Azurite and malachite are also carbonate minerals. They conta... | train | sciq | null |
How many amino acids generally consist in protien? | [
"13 or more",
"7 or more",
"100 or more",
"67 or more"
] | C | A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids between ten and one hundred in length. A protein is a peptide that is greater than one hundred amino acids in length. Proteins are very prevalent in living organisms. Hair, skin, nails, muscles, and the hemoglobin in red blood cells are some of the important parts of your body... | train | sciq | null |
Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all examples of what? | [
"temperature",
"erosion",
"precipitation",
"liquids"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Where would you find most pollution of ocean water? | [
"trenches",
"midocean",
"poles",
"coastline"
] | D | Ocean water is most polluted along coasts. That’s because pollution usually enters the water from land. Oil spills also pollute ocean water. | train | sciq | null |
Water can be a solid, liquid, and what other form? | [
"ooze",
"plasma",
"gas",
"square"
] | C | Water can be a solid, liquid, or a gas. | train | sciq | null |
What happens to a species when all of the individuals die out or evolve into a different species? | [
"accumulation",
"selection",
"depletion",
"extinction"
] | D | Species go extinct when all of the individuals die out or evolve into a different species. | train | sciq | null |
The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of what? | [
"adaptability to surroundings",
"resistance to flow",
"ability to absorb flow",
"resistance to change form"
] | B | When you pour a glass of water, or fill a car with gasoline, you observe that water and gasoline flow freely. But when you pour syrup on pancakes or add oil to a car engine, you note that syrup and motor oil do not flow as readily. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Water, gasoline, and o... | train | sciq | null |
How is energy expressed when it is released in a chemical reaction? | [
"as an equation",
"as a positive number",
"as a percentage",
"as negative number"
] | D | When energy is released in a chemical reaction or process, that energy is expressed as a negative number. Figure below shows electron affinities in kJ/mol for the main group elements. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell? | [
"vacuole",
"molecule",
"nucleolus",
"organelle"
] | D | Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus. An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell. Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell. Organelles allow eukaryotic... | train | sciq | null |
What part of a mature plant cell is responsible for storing substances like water, enzymes, and salts? | [
"second vacuole",
"little vacuole",
"central vacuole",
"large vacuole"
] | C | Most mature plant cells have a large central vacuole . This vacuole can make up as much as 90% of the cell’s volume. The central vacuole has a number of functions, including storing substances such as water, enzymes, and salts. It also helps plant tissues, such as stems and leaves, stay rigid and hold their shape. It e... | train | sciq | null |
Whereas each cell shares the same genome and dna sequence, each cell does not turn on, or express, the same set of what? | [
"babies",
"eggs",
"genes",
"balls"
] | C | Introduction Each somatic cell in the body generally contains the same DNA. A few exceptions include red blood cells, which contain no DNA in their mature state, and some immune system cells that rearrange their DNA while producing antibodies. In general, however, the genes that determine whether you have green eyes, b... | train | sciq | null |
In biology, what is required for ecosystems to survive? | [
"energy",
"helium",
"space",
"minerals"
] | A | In biology, energy is required for ecosystems to survive, as all living organisms need energy. Within an organism, energy is needed for growth and development of a biological cell or an organelle within that cell. Energy is also needed for all biochemical reactions within that cell. Therefore, energy is stored within c... | train | sciq | null |
Because glucose is a major cellular fuel, starch represents a supply of what? | [
"energy",
"hydrogen",
"carbon",
"oxygen"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Seed plants that produce seeds in the ovaries of their flowers are known as what? | [
"conifers",
"spores",
"gymnosperms",
"angiosperms"
] | D | Angiosperms are seed plants that produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers. Today, they are by far the most diverse type of seed plants. In fact, the vast majority of all modern plants are angiosperms. There are hundreds of thousands of species of them. The apple tree in Figure below is an example of a common angiosperm. | train | sciq | null |
Which blood vessels is oxygen transferred through? | [
"capillaries",
"arteries",
"cilia",
"veins"
] | A | Of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, 22 pairs are autosomes (numbers 1–22 in Figure above ). Autosomes are chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics that are unrelated to sex. These chromosomes are the same in males and females. The great majority of human genes are located on autosomes. At the link below, yo... | train | sciq | null |
What small biological structures make up all living things, including the human body? | [
"lipids",
"scales",
"proteins",
"cells"
] | D | Cells make up all living things, including your own body. This picture shows a typical group of cells. But not all cells look alike. Cells can differ in shape and sizes. And the different shapes usually means different functions. | train | sciq | null |
How does carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks? | [
"by creating proteins",
"by creating acids",
"by creating water",
"by creating heat"
] | B | Carbon dioxide chemically weathers rock by creating acids. | train | sciq | null |
What is the interaction of waves with other waves called? | [
"wave dancing",
"wave induction",
"wave mixing",
"wave interference"
] | D | When two or more waves meet, they interact with each other. The interaction of waves with other waves is called wave interference . Wave interference may occur when two waves that are traveling in opposite directions meet. The two waves pass through each other, and this affects their amplitude. Amplitude is the maximum... | train | sciq | null |
What kinds of rocks can change and become new types of rocks? | [
"metamorphic rocks",
"sedimentary rocks",
"any types of rocks",
"igneous rocks"
] | C | Any type of rock can change and become a new type of rock. Magma can cool and crystallize. Existing rocks can be weathered and eroded to form sediments. Rock can change by heat or pressure deep in Earth's crust. There are three main processes that can change rock:. | train | sciq | null |
What type of earthquake has a shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface? | [
"transform fault",
"tectonic",
"divergent boundary",
"gas giant"
] | A | Transform fault earthquakes have shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface. | train | sciq | null |
What causes waves to bring sand up onto the beach during summers? | [
"low energy",
"no energy",
"high energy",
"low sand density"
] | A | Waves also move sand from the beaches on shore to bars of sand offshore as the seasons change. In the summer, waves have lower energy so they bring sand up onto the beach. In the winter, higher energy waves bring the sand back offshore. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all hydroxide anions into the solution? | [
"unusual",
"whole",
"weak",
"strong"
] | D | Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all hydroxide anions into the solution. The most common strong bases are soluble metal hydroxides. Weak bases partially deprotonate water to form small amounts of hydroxide and the protonated base. | train | sciq | null |
What model of the atom features an electron orbiting a nucleus, forming a closed-current loop and producing a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole?. | [
"hydrogen model",
"solar model",
"gravitational model",
"planetary model"
] | D | Figure 22.13 (a) In the planetary model of the atom, an electron orbits a nucleus, forming a closed-current loop and producing a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole. (b) Electrons have spin and can be crudely pictured as rotating charge, forming a current that produces a magnetic field with a north pole a... | train | sciq | null |
Nearly all apicomplexans are parasites of what? | [
"animals",
"plants",
"fungi",
"stars"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for sheets of cells that form a boundary between a mass of cells and a cavity or space? | [
"epithelia",
"ganglion",
"myelin",
"mucus"
] | A | Tight junctions are common at epithelia, which are sheets of cells that form a boundary between a mass of cells and a cavity or space (a lumen ). The membranes of these cells join together, forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid. Tight junctions essentially seal adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow layer jus... | train | sciq | null |
What does a cell need to transform into a cancerous cell? | [
"adaptations",
"parasites",
"mutations",
"microbes"
] | C | Typically, a series of several mutations that constitutively activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes is required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell ( Figure below ). Cells have developed a number of control mechanisms to overcome mutations in proto-oncogenes. Therefore, a cell needs multiple... | train | sciq | null |
Circular water waves decrease in what property as they move away from where a rock is dropped? | [
"mass",
"amplitude",
"voltage",
"frequency"
] | B | 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity 17. Two identical waves undergo pure constructive interference. Is the resultant intensity twice that of the individual waves? Explain your answer. Circular water waves decrease in amplitude as they move away from where a rock is dropped. Explain why. | train | sciq | null |
What property of certain states of matter can be given in units of millimeters of mercury? | [
"velocity",
"pressure",
"solvency",
"gravity"
] | B | Pressure is given in units of millimeters of mercury. We can either convert this to atmospheres or use the value of the ideal gas constant that includes the mmHg unit. We will take the second option. Substituting into the ideal gas law,. | train | sciq | null |
Loss of energy is the reason that what typically has few levels? | [
"video games",
"humans",
"food chain",
"the atmosphere"
] | C | At each level of a food chain, a lot of energy is lost. Only about ten percent of the energy passes to the next level. Where does that energy go? Some energy is given off as heat. Some energy goes into animal wastes. Energy also goes into growing things that another consumer can't eat, like fur. It's because so much en... | train | sciq | null |
Root-like projections anchor adults of what colony-dwelling animals to solid surfaces such as rocks and reefs? | [
"molluscs",
"anemones",
"corals",
"sponges"
] | D | Sponges come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, they may be shaped like tubes, fans, cones, or just blobs. They range in diameter from about a centimeter (0.4 inches) to over a meter (3.3 feet). Many species live in colonies that may be quite large. Adult sponges are sessile. This means they are unable to m... | train | sciq | null |
We divide up the earth's seas into five what, which are really all interconnected? | [
"ecosystems",
"continents",
"oceans",
"lakes"
] | C | People divide up the seas into five oceans. But they are really all interconnected. Even so, they are all very different. This ocean is near a shore and is obviously in a cold region. It appears to be a good habitat for whales! No matter what, the oceans have a huge influence on the planet, locally and as a whole. | train | sciq | null |
Regulated by guard cells, stomata allow what to enter and exit the plant? | [
"molecules",
"fluid",
"gases",
"nutrients"
] | C | Chapter 30 1 Figure 30.7 A and B. The cortex, pith, and epidermis are made of parenchyma cells. 3 Figure 30.34 B. 4 C 6 C 8 A 10 B 12 A 14 B 16 C 18 B 20 D 22 C 24 C 26 C 27 Lawn grasses and other monocots have an intercalary meristem, which is a region of meristematic tissue at the base of the leaf blade. This is bene... | train | sciq | null |
The rising and sinking of these can cause precipitation? | [
"underwater currents",
"circular air currents",
"global air currents",
"temporary air currents"
] | C | Global air currents affect precipitation. How they affect it varies with latitude ( Figure below ). Where air rises, it cools and there is precipitation. Where air sinks, it warms and causes evaporation. These patterns are part of the global wind belts. | train | sciq | null |
Where does evidence that magnetic reversals occur come from? | [
"air",
"rocks on ocean floor",
"Volcanoes",
"snow"
] | B | Scientists don’t know for certain why magnetic reversals occur, but there is hard evidence that they have for hundreds of millions of years. The evidence comes from rocks on the ocean floor. Look at Figure below . They show the same ridge on the ocean floor during different periods of time. | train | sciq | null |
What is used to measure air pressure? | [
"metrometer",
"indicator",
"barometer",
"thermometer"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
As altitude rises, what happens to the temperature in the thermosphere? | [
"oxygen increases",
"oxygen decreases",
"temperature increases",
"temperature decreases"
] | C | Temperature increases with altitude in the thermosphere. Surprisingly, it may be higher than 1000° C (1800° F) near the top of this layer! The Sun’s energy there is very strong. The molecules absorb the Sun’s energy and are heated up. But there are so few gas molecules that the air still feels very cold. Molecules in t... | train | sciq | null |
How many stomach compartments do ruminants have? | [
"five",
"four",
"two",
"seven"
] | B | To help digest the large amount of plant material, the stomach of the ruminants is a multi-chambered organ, as illustrated in Figure 34.8. The four compartments of the stomach are called the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. These chambers contain many microbes that break down cellulose and ferment ingested food.... | train | sciq | null |
Seismic waves show that the inner core of the earth is solid while the outer core is what? | [
"silicon",
"liquid",
"lava",
"gas"
] | B | The dense, iron core forms the center of the Earth. Scientists know that the core is metal from studying metallic meteorites and the Earth’s density. Seismic waves show that the outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid. Movement within Earth's outer liquid iron core creates Earth’s magnetic field. These conv... | train | sciq | null |
What do ions of the same charge do? | [
"attract each other",
"discard each other",
"repel each other",
"merge"
] | C | Ions are highly reactive, especially as gases. They usually react with ions of opposite charge to form neutral compounds. For example, positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions react to form the neutral compound sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. This occurs because oppositely charged ions attract eac... | train | sciq | null |
Integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the what? | [
"carbon bilayer",
"metabolism bilayer",
"lipid bilayer",
"skin bilayer"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
The thermal properties of what substance largely contribute to the temperature climate of europe? | [
"lava",
"clouds",
"water",
"soil"
] | C | mass, water should be a gas at room temperature (20°C), but the strong intermolecular interactions in liquid water greatly increase its boiling point. Hydrogen bonding also produces the relatively open molecular arrangement found in ice, which causes ice to be less dense than water. Because ice floats on the surface of... | train | sciq | null |
Our sun is on the main sequence, like most stars, and it is classified by what colorful name? | [
"yellow dwarf",
"white dwarf",
"blue dwarf",
"red dwarf"
] | A | We have a main sequence star nearby. Our Sun is on the main sequence, classified as a yellow dwarf. Our Sun has been a main sequence star for about 5 billion years. As a medium-sized star, it will continue to shine for about 5 billion more years. Most stars are on the main sequence. | train | sciq | null |
Stirring, surface area, and temperature affect the rate at which what occurs? | [
"concentration dissolves",
"solute freezes",
"solute dissolves",
"solute fragments"
] | C | When you add sugar to a cold drink, you may stir it to help the sugar dissolve. If you don’t stir, the sugar may eventually dissolve, but it will take much longer. Stirring is one of several factors that affect how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent. Temperature is another factor. A solid solute dissolves faster at a... | train | sciq | null |
What process of gradual change is the source of diversity of life on earth? | [
"evolution",
"variation",
"development",
"creation"
] | A | The Diversity of Life The fact that biology, as a science, has such a broad scope has to do with the tremendous diversity of life on earth. The source of this diversity is evolution, the process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species. Evolutionary biologists study the evolution of living th... | train | sciq | null |
Shivering helps the body return to a stable what? | [
"weight",
"mood",
"temperature",
"pH level"
] | C | These people may be having fun in the icy water, but their bodies are struggling to react to the cold. For example, they may begin to shiver. Shivering helps the body return to a stable temperature. The body is always working to achieve stability, or homeostasis. | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe a solution in which water is the solvent? | [
"liquids solution",
"sediment solution",
"hydro solution",
"aqueous solution"
] | D | Solutions We have previously defined solutions as homogeneous mixtures, meaning that the composition of the mixture (and therefore its properties) is uniform throughout its entire volume. Solutions occur frequently in nature and have also been implemented in many forms of manmade technology. We will explore a more thor... | train | sciq | null |
What is prosopagnosia? | [
"lack of memory",
"face blindness",
"time blindness",
"way blindness"
] | B | Brain: Prosopagnosia The failures of sensory perception can be unusual and debilitating. A particular sensory deficit that inhibits an important social function of humans is prosopagnosia, or face blindness. The word comes from the Greek words prosopa, that means “faces,” and agnosia, that means “not knowing. ” Some pe... | train | sciq | null |
Fungi are unique in having cell walls made of what? | [
"prokaryotic",
"Protein",
"lectin",
"chitin"
] | D | Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Most fungi are multicellular. They are unique in having cell walls made of chitin. | train | sciq | null |
What is the largest body in the solar system? | [
"earth",
"sun",
"planet",
"asteroids"
] | B | Our Sun is a star. This star provides light and heat and supports almost all life on Earth. The Sun is the center of the solar system. It is by far the largest part of the solar system. Added together, all of the planets make up just 0.2 percent of the solar system's mass. The Sun makes up the remaining 99.8 percent of... | train | sciq | null |
Which part of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks? | [
"the focus",
"the tectonic plate",
"the fault",
"the epicenter"
] | A | The focus of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks. The epicenter is the point at the surface just above the focus. | train | sciq | null |
What substances contained in lemons, vinegar, and sour candies have a sour taste? | [
"lactose",
"fats",
"proteins",
"acids"
] | D | Acids have a sour taste. Lemons, vinegar, and sour candies all contain acids. | train | sciq | null |
Many microorganisms are single celled and use what for perception and movement? | [
"nucleus",
"mitochondria",
"organelles",
"chloroplasts"
] | C | Chapter 12 1 MRI uses the relative amount of water in tissue to distinguish different areas, so gray and white matter in the nervous system can be seen clearly in these images. 3 Neurons enable thought, perception, and movement. Plants do not move, so they do not need this type of tissue. Microorganisms are too small t... | train | sciq | null |
Because it produces oxygen, what plant process was necessary for the evolution of animals? | [
"death",
"germination",
"photosynthesis",
"reproduction"
] | C | Eventually plants evolved. Plants produce oxygen as a product of photosynthesis. Oxygen spread around the planet about 2.5 billion years ago. Many organisms died off because they could not handle the oxygen. But this development was extremely important for other life. Animals need oxygen to breathe. If photosynthesis h... | train | sciq | null |
What category of animals in the vertebrate group has a relatively small brain but highly developed sense organs? | [
"fish",
"mammals",
"arthropods",
"primates"
] | A | Fish have a nervous system with a brain. Fish brains are small compared with the brains of other vertebrates. However, they are large and complex compared with the brains of invertebrates. Fish also have highly developed sense organs. They include organs to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste. | train | sciq | null |
What distinguishing feature predates the branching of mammals from other vertebrates? | [
"eggs",
"backbone",
"adaptation",
"teeth"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The simplest way to define a base is which kind of compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water? | [
"covalent",
"solvent",
"ionic",
"magnetic"
] | C | The simplest way to define a base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. One of the most commonly used bases is sodium hydroxide, illustrated below. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence? | [
"observational behaviors",
"reflex behaviors",
"innate behaviors",
"learned behavior"
] | C | Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence are called innate behaviors . These are behaviors that occur naturally in all members of a species whenever they are exposed to a certain stimulus. Innate behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced. They are also called insti... | train | sciq | null |
In the forward reaction, hydrogen and iodine combine to form what? | [
"hydrogen ionicide",
"iodinic hydrogen",
"ionic hydrogen",
"hydrogen iodide"
] | D | In the forward reaction, hydrogen and iodine combine to form hydrogen iodide. In the reverse reaction, hydrogen iodide decomposes back into hydrogen and iodine. The two reactions can be combined into one equation by the use of a double arrow. | train | sciq | null |
Catalysts can greatly increase the rates of chemical what? | [
"effects",
"photosynthesis",
"reactions",
"decay"
] | C | and procaine. Not only do catalysts greatly increase the rates of reactions, but in some cases such as in petroleum refining, they also control which products are formed. The acceleration of a reaction by a catalyst is called catalysis. | train | sciq | null |
Ecology, botany, and zoology are what type of science? | [
"life science",
"chemistry",
"psychological sciences",
"physical sciences"
] | A | Life is complex and living things are incredibly diverse. Therefore, life science is divided into many fields, such as ecology, botany, and zoology. | train | sciq | null |
How do we describe chemical reactions? | [
"balanced reactions",
"equilibrium",
"atomic numbers",
"chemical equations"
] | D | Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations. | train | sciq | null |
Represented in equations by the letter "g", what pulls objects down to the earth's surface? | [
"motion",
"light",
"energy",
"gravity"
] | D | Gravity near the Earth pulls an object downwards toward the surface of the Earth with an acceleration of . In the absence of air resistance, all objects will fall with the same acceleration. The letter is used as the symbol for the acceleration of gravity. When talking about an object's acceleration, whether it is due ... | train | sciq | null |
The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from what? | [
"varied ancestors",
"common ancestors",
"rare tribes",
"recent ancestors"
] | B | Biochemical compounds are carbon-based compounds that are found in living things. The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from common ancestors. | train | sciq | null |
The only invertebrates than can fly belong to what broad group, which is highly successful? | [
"bats",
"birds",
"spiders",
"insects"
] | D | Insects are the only invertebrates than can fly. Flight is the main reason for their success. | train | sciq | null |
The dna is wound around proteins called what? | [
"histones",
"nucleotides",
"leptons",
"pepsins"
] | A | Chapter 9 1 Figure 9.10 Ligase, as this enzyme joins together Okazaki fragments. 2 A 4 B 6 A 8 C 10 D 12 The DNA is wound around proteins called histones. The histones then stack together in a compact form that creates a fiber that is 30-nm thick. The fiber is further coiled for greater compactness. During metaphase of... | train | sciq | null |
What part of an animal helps to prevent water loss and gives support and protection? | [
"cuticle",
"backbone",
"exoskeleton",
"membrane"
] | C | The arthropod exoskeleton consists of several layers of cuticle. The exoskeleton prevents water loss and gives support and protection. It also acts as a counterforce for the contraction of muscles. The exoskeleton doesn’t grow as the animal grows. Therefore, it must be shed and replaced with a new one periodically thro... | train | sciq | null |
Protozoa are generally difficult to identify due to what? | [
"their formation shape",
"their varied shape",
"their hidden shape",
"their resting shape"
] | B | 22.10 Protozoa As heterotrophs, protozoa scavenge materials from their surroundings. Others are predators which actively hunt or ambush small organisms such as bacteria and other protozoa for a source of nutrition. Protozoa can be parasitic as well; they may live inside larger organisms, like humans. Most protozoa live... | train | sciq | null |
Where does digestion begin? | [
"spicule cavity",
"excretory system",
"gastrovascular cavity",
"oral cavity"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What basic units are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged? | [
"atoms",
"particles",
"molecules",
"Electrons"
] | A | Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield. | train | sciq | null |
Which members of the food chain break down remains of plants and other organisms when they die? | [
"Respiration",
"nematodes",
"fluxes",
"decomposers"
] | D | When plants and other organisms die, decomposers break down their remains. In the process, they release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium ions into nitrates. Some of the nitrates are used by plants. Some are changed back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria. | train | sciq | null |
Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of what? | [
"vapor",
"Water",
"solute",
"sodium"
] | C | Often, a worker will need to change the concentration of a solution by changing the amount of solvent. Dilution is the addition of solvent, which decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution. Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution. (Do not c... | train | sciq | null |
What type of coal deposits are the most extensive ever formed? | [
"mesozoic",
"precambrian",
"jurassic",
"carboniferous"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain? | [
"ribcage",
"pelvis",
"cranium (skull)",
"thorax"
] | C | 7.2 | The Skull By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List and identify the bones of the brain case and face • Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each • Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa, and... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers? | [
"adaptation",
"evolution",
"natural distribution",
"natural selection"
] | D | New species develop naturally through the process of natural selection . Due to natural selection, organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Natural selection causes beneficial heritable traits to become more common in a population... | train | sciq | null |
A crow that becomes used to a scarecrow and lands on it is an example of what? | [
"habituation",
"assimilation",
"dissociation",
"adaptation"
] | A | Another example of habituation is shown below ( Figure below ). Crows and most other birds are usually afraid of people. They avoid coming close to people, or they fly away when people come near them. The crows landing on this scarecrow have become used to a “human” in this place. They have learned that the scarecrow p... | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe the sequence of elementary steps that together comprise an entire chemical reaction? | [
"potassium mechanism",
"source mechanism",
"elemental mechanism",
"reaction mechanism"
] | D | In this equation, the letters A and B represent the reactants that begin the reaction, and the letter C represents the product that is synthesized in the reaction. The arrow shows the direction in which the reaction occurs. | train | sciq | null |
Structurally, diplomonads have two equal-sized what and multiple flagella? | [
"neutrons",
"nuclei",
"atoms",
"electrons"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for the affected factor in an experiment? | [
"independent variable",
"multiple variable",
"dependent variable",
"stable variable"
] | C | Test the hypothesis. Make predictions based on the hypothesis and then determine if they are correct. This may involve carrying out an experiment. An experiment is a controlled scientific test that often takes place in a lab. It investigates the effects of one factor, called the independent variable , on another factor... | train | sciq | null |
Furthermore, most of the proteins within membranes have both hydrophobic and which other regions? | [
"cytosolic",
"atmospheric",
"hydrophilic",
"lymphatic"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What are proteins that increase the rate of biochemical reactions? | [
"enzymes",
"hormones",
"amino acids",
"metabolites"
] | A | Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of biochemical reactions. Enzymes aren’t changed or used up in the reactions, so they can be used to speed up the same reaction over and over again. Enzymes are highly specific for certain chemical reactions, so they are very effective. A reaction that would take years to occ... | train | sciq | null |
What process enables all living things to maintain a constant internal environment? | [
"homeostasis",
"ketosis",
"peristalsis",
"consciousness"
] | A | All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis. | train | sciq | null |
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in a human body? | [
"insulin",
"estrogen",
"growth hormone",
"progesterone"
] | A | The pancreas is a large gland located near the stomach. Hormones secreted by the pancreas include insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood. It also stimulates the liver to take up and store excess glucose. | train | sciq | null |
What are the gas giants mostly made of . | [
"nitrogen and helium",
"hydrogen and carbon",
"calcium and helium",
"hydrogen and helium"
] | D | The gas giants are mostly made of hydrogen and helium. These are the same elements that make up most of the Sun. Astronomers think that most of the nebula was hydrogen and helium. The inner planets lost these very light gases. Their gravity was too low to keep them and they floated away into space. The Sun and the oute... | train | sciq | null |
Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on what? | [
"a surface",
"a single point",
"their laurels",
"a pool of water"
] | A | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on a surface. For example, if you are hiking in the woods, there is static friction between your shoes and the trail each time you put down your foot (see Figure below ). Without this static friction, your feet would slip out from under you, making it difficult to w... | train | sciq | null |
The ammonium ion is what type of acid? | [
"kaon - lowry",
"oxidized - lowry",
"normal -lowry",
"brønsted-lowry"
] | D | We can also consider the reverse reaction in the above equation. In that reaction, the ammonium ion donates a proton to the hydroxide ion. The ammonium ion is a Brønsted-Lowry acid, while the hydroxide ion is a Brønsted-Lowry base. Most Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions can be analyzed in this way. There is one acid a... | train | sciq | null |
Loss of muscle mass due to breakdown of structural proteins is known as what? | [
"atrophy",
"mutation",
"distrophy",
"exhaustion"
] | A | 10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance Hypertrophy is an increase in muscle mass due to the addition of structural proteins. The opposite of hypertrophy is atrophy, the loss of muscle mass due to the breakdown of structural proteins. Endurance exercise causes an increase in cellular. | train | sciq | null |
Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster? | [
"galaxy",
"star cluster",
"solar system",
"none of these"
] | A | Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. Compared to the solar system a star cluster is a big place. But galaxies are bigger—a lot bigger. | train | sciq | null |
What encloses the genetic material of the virus? | [
"mitochondria",
"the capsid",
"nuclei",
"the spindle"
] | B | Diagram of a Cytomegalovirus. The capsid encloses the genetic material of the virus. The envelope which surrounds the capsid is typically made from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins). Not all viruses have a viral envelope. | train | sciq | null |
Plant-like protists are called what? | [
"sponge",
"bacterium",
"yeasts",
"algae"
] | D | Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed. Like plants, they contain chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis. Types of algae include red and green algae, euglenids, and dinoflagellates. | train | sciq | null |
How do mammals ventilate their lungs? | [
"negative combination breathing",
"negative pressure vocalizing",
"negative atmospheric breathing",
"negative pressure breathing"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Blood vessels blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to this? | [
"brain",
"feet",
"lungs",
"heart"
] | D | CHAPTER REVIEW 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to the heart. Arteries transport blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels, forming arterioles. Arteriol... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call the fragments of cells involved in the clotting process that are suspended in blood plasma? | [
"hematocrit",
"ironites",
"hemoglobin",
"platelets"
] | D | train | sciq | null |
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