question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
values | subject stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the term for the difference in elevation between two contour lines? | [
"mapping interval",
"contour interval",
"height",
"design interval"
] | B | Contour lines are lines of equal elevation. Contour intervals are the difference in elevation between two contour lines. | train | sciq | null |
The same reaction regenerates pyruvate, which is transported to which cells? | [
"outermost",
"symbionts",
"mesophyll",
"skin"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What large carboxylic acid with three ionizable hydrogen atoms gives some fruits a sour or tart flavor? | [
"ammonia acid",
"hydrochloric acid",
"beryllium acid",
"citric acid"
] | D | Citric acid is a large carboxylic acid with three ionizable hydrogen atoms. It is found in citrus fruits and gives them their sour or tart flavor. | train | sciq | null |
How does sap get to the tops of tall trees? | [
"through negative pressure",
"through suction power",
"via Coriolis forces",
"through pressure from below"
] | A | How does sap get to the tops of tall trees? (Recall that a column of water can only rise to a height of 10 m when there is a vacuum at the top—see Example 11.5. ) The question has not been completely resolved, but it appears that it is pulled up like a chain held together by cohesive forces. As each molecule of sap ent... | train | sciq | null |
Each megasporangium has a single functional one of what? | [
"antispore",
"spicule",
"cocklebur",
"megaspore"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Somatosensation refers to what of the five senses? | [
"balance",
"sight",
"touch",
"thought"
] | C | 36.2 | Somatosensation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe four important mechanoreceptors in human skin • Describe the topographical distribution of somatosensory receptors between glabrous and hairy skin • Explain why the perception of pain is subjective Somatosensation is a mixed sensory cate... | train | sciq | null |
Respiratory distress syndrome results from insufficient production of what? | [
"alveoli",
"lung tissue",
"pulmonary surfactant",
"carbon dioxide"
] | C | Respiratory System: Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) primarily occurs in infants born prematurely. Up to 50 percent of infants born between 26 and 28 weeks and fewer than 30 percent of infants born between 30 and 31 weeks develop RDS. RDS results from insufficient production of pulmonar... | train | sciq | null |
Redox reactions can always be recognized by a change in what number of two of the atoms in the reaction? | [
"precipitation",
"fermentation",
"oxidation",
"oxygen"
] | C | Again, the transfer of an H + ion leaves the oxidation numbers unaffected. In summary, redox reactions can always be recognized by a change in oxidation number of two of the atoms in the reaction. Any reaction in which no oxidation numbers change is not a redox reaction. | train | sciq | null |
In humans, the anus is attached to what kind of intestine? | [
"internal",
"small",
"large",
"huge"
] | C | Anal Canal Finally, food residue reaches the last part of the large intestine, the anal canal, which is located in the perineum, completely outside of the abdominopelvic cavity. This 3.8–5 cm (1.5–2 in) long structure opens to the exterior of the body at the anus. The anal canal includes two sphincters. The internal an... | train | sciq | null |
What does interspecific competition between species often lead to? | [
"evolution",
"extinction",
"immigration",
"symbiosis"
] | B | Interspecific competition often leads to extinction . The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the resources that both species need. As a result, members of that species are less likely to survive, and the species may go extinct. | train | sciq | null |
Radioactive decay can give off energy and what else? | [
"light",
"particles",
"ions",
"atoms"
] | B | Radioactive elements and isotopes have unstable nuclei. To become more stable, the nuclei undergo radioactive decay. In radioactive decay, the nuclei give off, or emit, radiation in the form of energy and often particles as well. There are several types of radioactive decay, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Ener... | train | sciq | null |
What is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry? | [
"nearsightedness or hyperopia",
"farsightedness, or hyperopia",
"gleam , or hyperopia",
"synthesise , or hyperopia"
] | B | Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal (see Figure below ). This causes images to be focused in a spot that would fall behind the retina (if light could pass through the retina). Hypero... | train | sciq | null |
What novelties can also arise when structures that originally played one role gradually acquire a different one? | [
"mutation",
"evolutionary",
"reproduction",
"interactions"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What is a gap in rock layers called? | [
"a mutation",
"an anomaly",
"a crevice",
"an unconformity"
] | D | An unconformity is a gap in rock layers. They occur where older rock layers eroded away completely before new rock layers were deposited. | train | sciq | null |
Bacteria are often used to make cheese from what? | [
"water",
"meat",
"milk",
"egg"
] | C | Bacteria are often used to make cheese from milk. But making foods is not the only beneficial role of bacteria. For example, they also play an essential role in your gut!. | train | sciq | null |
Why are atoms of metals good conductors of electricity? | [
"give up electrons",
"hold on to electrons",
"conserve heat",
"break into smaller parts"
] | A | Electricity is a flow of electrons. Atoms of metals tend to give up electrons, explaining why they are good conductors of electricity. The tendency to give up electrons also explains many of the other properties of metals. | train | sciq | null |
What is the basic unit of an organism called? | [
"singularity",
"electron",
"cell",
"particle"
] | C | While cells are the basic units of an organism, groups of cells can perform a job together. These cells are called specialized because they have a special job. Specialized cells can be organized into tissues . For example, your liver cells are organized into liver tissue. Your liver tissue is further organized into an ... | train | sciq | null |
All the blood in the human body is filtered about 60 times a day by what? | [
"liver",
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"heart"
] | B | blood containing the metabolic wastes from cells. All the blood in the human body is filtered about 60 times a day by the kidneys. The nephrons remove wastes, concentrate them, and form urine that is collected in the bladder. Internally, the kidney has three regions—an outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the ren... | train | sciq | null |
What happens to the energy levels of electrons as they are closer to the nucleus? | [
"they are higher",
"they are lower",
"they balance",
"they divide"
] | B | Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy. At the lowest energy level, which has the least energy, there is just one orbital, so this energy level has a maximum of two electrons. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the blockage of an artery by the buildup of fatty plaques? | [
"clumps",
"atherosclerosis",
"fibrosis",
"cancers"
] | B | make up the middle layer and the bulk of the heart wall. The outer layer of cells is called the epicardium, of which the second layer is a membranous layered structure called the pericardium that surrounds and protects the heart; it allows enough room for vigorous pumping but also keeps the heart in place to reduce fri... | train | sciq | null |
In what type of reproduction do parents of different sexes mate to produce offspring? | [
"parallel reproduction",
"dual reproduction",
"sexual reproduction",
"subject reproduction"
] | C | Many organisms reproduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, parents of different sexes mate to produce offspring. The offspring have some combination of the traits of the two parents. Ducks are examples of sexually reproducing organisms. Other organisms reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction, a single parent can p... | train | sciq | null |
Insulin and glucagon help keep blood glucose levels in the normal range because of what type of effects? | [
"antagonistic",
"opportunistic",
"ABNORMALISTIC",
"sympathetic"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What phenomenon has severe consequences on both natural and man-made objects, including killing trees and degrading marble statues? | [
"acid rain",
"carbon rain",
"oxygen rain",
"natural rain"
] | A | Acid rain has severe consequences on both natural and man-made objects. Acid rain degrades marble statues like the one on the left (A). The trees in the forest on the right (B) have been killed by acid rain. | train | sciq | null |
What alloy is made from copper and zinc? | [
"stele",
"manganate",
"brass",
"iron"
] | C | Brass saxophone: Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is softer than bronze and easier to shape. It's also very shiny. Notice the curved pieces in this shiny brass saxophone. Brass is used for shaping many other curved objects, such as doorknobs and plumbing fixtures. Stainless steel sink: Stainless steel is a type... | train | sciq | null |
The accumulation of what cells begin the development of the vertebral column and thoracic cage? | [
"hindbrain cells",
"False cells",
"semiosis cells",
"mesenchyme cells"
] | D | Development of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic cage Development of the vertebrae begins with the accumulation of mesenchyme cells from each sclerotome around the notochord. These cells differentiate into a hyaline cartilage model for each vertebra, which then grow and eventually ossify into bone through the process o... | train | sciq | null |
What are terrestrial biomes determined by? | [
"pressure and temperature",
"time and temperature",
"temperature and moisture",
"moisture and elevation"
] | C | Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by temperature and moisture. Plants are the primary producers. Examples of terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, and tundra. | train | sciq | null |
What protects reptiles from injury and loss of water? | [
"hairs",
"tail",
"pores",
"scales"
] | D | Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until an equilibrium is met. The molecules continue to cross the membrane at equilibrium, but at equal rates in both directions. | train | sciq | null |
What are the different feeding positions in a food chain or web called? | [
"Primary Level",
"convoluted levels",
"neural levels",
"trophic levels"
] | D | The different feeding positions in a food chain or web are called trophic levels. Generally, there are no more than four trophic levels because energy and biomass decrease from lower to higher levels. | train | sciq | null |
What is the joint where the pelvic girdle and leg come together? | [
"hip socket",
"femur joint",
"hip joint",
"meniscus"
] | C | 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs The pelvic girdle attaches the legs to the axial skeleton. The hip joint is where the pelvic girdle and the leg come together. The hip is joined to the pelvic girdle by many muscles. In the gluteal region, the psoas major and iliacus form the iliopsoas. The... | train | sciq | null |
Snails, scallops, and squids are examples of invertebrates called what? | [
"mollusks",
"gastropods",
"clams",
"orthopods"
] | A | Mollusks are invertebrates such as snails, scallops, and squids. | train | sciq | null |
Synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion are all types of what reaction? | [
"natural",
"chemical",
"mineral",
"toxic"
] | B | Types of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion reactions. | train | sciq | null |
What are the devices placed in electric circuits where charge can build up, which store energy when charged and release it when they discharge? | [
"resistors",
"antennas",
"generators",
"capacitors"
] | D | When current flows through wires and resistors in a circuit as a result of a difference in electric potential, charge does not build up significantly anywhere on its path. Capacitors are devices placed in electric circuits where charge can build up. The amount of charge a capacitor can store before it “fills up” depend... | train | sciq | null |
What is the hinged structure attached to the cranium that allows an animal to grasp and tear its food? | [
"neck",
"tooth",
"throat",
"jaw"
] | D | Gnathostomes: Jawed Fishes Gnathostomes or “jaw-mouths” are vertebrates that possess jaws. One of the most significant developments in early vertebrate evolution was the development of the jaw, which is a hinged structure attached to the cranium that allows an animal to grasp and tear its food. The evolution of jaws al... | train | sciq | null |
The svedberg unit is a measure of the rate of what, which is tested in a centrifuge? | [
"secretion",
"temperature",
"sedimentation",
"precipitation"
] | C | The two ribosomal subunits are named base on their sedmentation rate in a centrifuge. The unit of measurement is the Svedberg unit , a measure of the rate of sedimentation, not the size. This accounts for why fragment names do not add up (70S is made of 50S and 30S). | train | sciq | null |
Muscles and skin are examples of what, consisting of specialized cells? | [
"tissues",
"layers",
"molecules",
"ligaments"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
When do cells acquire different identities in an ordered spatial arrangement? | [
"during mitosis",
"during morphogenesis",
"before morphogenesis",
"larval stage"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What structures sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls, then turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely? | [
"tubules",
"ureters",
"catheters",
"fallopian tube"
] | B | Ureters The kidneys and ureters are completely retroperitoneal, and the bladder has a peritoneal covering only over the dome. As urine is formed, it drains into the calyces of the kidney, which merge to form the funnel-shaped renal pelvis in the hilum of each kidney. The hilum narrows to become the ureter of each kidne... | train | sciq | null |
What was the last supercontinent on earth? | [
"eurasia",
"rodinia",
"pangaea",
"laurasia"
] | C | There are times in Earth history when all of the continents come together to form a supercontinent . Supercontinents come together and then break apart. Pangaea was the last supercontinent on Earth, but it was not the first. The supercontinent before Pangaea is called Rodinia. Rodinia contained about 75% of the contine... | train | sciq | null |
When conditions deteriorate, hydras can reproduce sexually, forming resistant zygotes that remain dormant until when? | [
"Spring",
"Hydras choose",
"conditions improve",
"Temperature rise"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Because collisions are ______, energy can be transferred between molecules during them. | [
"preservative",
"elastic",
"conductive",
"inelastic"
] | B | Energy can be transferred between molecules during collisions. Collisions are completely elastic. | train | sciq | null |
What is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion called? | [
"magnetism",
"inertia",
"flow",
"impetus"
] | B | 4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia • Newton’s first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. This is also known as the law of inertia. • Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or r... | train | sciq | null |
The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of what system? | [
"nervous",
"hormonal",
"endocrine",
"digestive"
] | C | The pea-sized pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus and attached directly to it. The pituitary receives hormones from the hypothalamus. It also secretes its own hormones. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands. That’s why the pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of the endocrine system.... | train | sciq | null |
What links together to form long polymeric chains? | [
"peptides",
"nucleotides",
"lipids",
"genes"
] | B | (a) When pyrimidine or purine and a sugar react to form a glycosidic bond, a nucleoside is produced. Adding a phosphoric acid group to the sugar of a nucleoside produces a nucleotide. (b) Nucleotides link together to form long polymeric chains. A DNA molecule consists of two such chains held together by hydrogen bondin... | train | sciq | null |
What type of electrons does carbon have? | [
"valence",
"gradient",
"shell",
"ionic"
] | A | Carbon is a nonmetal in group 14 of the periodic table. Like other group 14 compounds, carbon has four valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonds. The valence electrons of carbon are shown in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
What do doctors call farsightedness or the inability to see close objects clearly? | [
"myopia",
"hypopia",
"dysarthria",
"hyperopia"
] | D | Farsightedness is also known as hyperopia . It affects about one fourth of people. People with hyperopia can see distant objects clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry. In hyperopia, the eye is too short. This results in images being focused in back of the retina ( Figure above ). Hyperopia is corrected with a conve... | train | sciq | null |
What type of simple inheritance is too simplified to explain most human traits? | [
"mitosis",
"spontaneous mutation",
"mendelian",
"etiology"
] | C | Most human traits have more complex modes of inheritance than simple Mendelian inheritance. For example, the traits may be controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes. | train | sciq | null |
The sun emits energy in the form of what? | [
"electromagnetic radiation",
"mechanical radiation",
"particles radiation",
"microwave radiation"
] | A | Figure 5.10 The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation exists in different wavelengths, each of which has its own characteristic energy. Visible light is one type of energy emitted from the sun. | train | sciq | null |
The number of electrons in the outer energy level determines what property of nonmetals? | [
"vibration",
"permeability",
"reactivity",
"density"
] | C | Some nonmetals are very reactive, whereas others are not reactive at all. It depends on the number of electrons in their outer energy level. | train | sciq | null |
Acids are the opposites of what? | [
"solids",
"water",
"gas",
"bases"
] | D | Acids and bases have had many uses throughout history. In this chapter we want to explore the properties of acids and bases and the reactions in which they take part. | train | sciq | null |
What is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air? | [
"ingestion",
"respiration",
"metabolism",
"precipitation"
] | B | Respiration is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air. The lungs and other organs of the respiratory system bring oxygen into the body and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. | train | sciq | null |
Steam consists of what common and essential element in its gaseous phase? | [
"plasma",
"carbon dioxide",
"water",
"air"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
The capsid is made from the what that are encoded by viral genes within their genome? | [
"lipids",
"acids",
"proteins",
"hormones"
] | C | Viruses vary in their structure. A virus particle consists of DNA or RNA within a protective protein coat called a capsid. The shape of the capsid may vary from one type of virus to another. The capsid is made from the proteins that are encoded by viral genes within their genome. | train | sciq | null |
Methane, ethane, and propane are three of the smallest what? | [
"atoms",
"organisms",
"alkanes",
"microorganisms"
] | C | The three smallest alkanes are methane, ethane, and propane. Some hydrocarbons have one or more carbon–carbon double bonds (denoted C=C). These hydrocarbons are called alkenes. http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gobch04_s06_f02shows the formulas and the molecular models of the two simplest al... | train | sciq | null |
The number of neutrons and electrons may vary or change in an atom. what happens to the number of protons? | [
"remains the same",
"depends",
"decreases",
"increases"
] | A | The number of protons per atom is always the same for a given element. However, the number of neutrons may vary, and the number of electrons can change. | train | sciq | null |
In biological augmentation, ecologists use what to add essential materials to ecosystems? | [
"fluids",
"sediments",
"stem cells",
"organisms"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What kind of interference is observed when the paths differ by a whole wavelength, and the waves arrive in phase? | [
"non-interference",
"necessary interference",
"constructive interference",
"spontaneous interference"
] | C | To understand the double slit interference pattern, we consider how two waves travel from the slits to the screen, as illustrated in Figure 27.13. Each slit is a different distance from a given point on the screen. Thus different numbers of wavelengths fit into each path. Waves start out from the slits in phase (crest ... | train | sciq | null |
What are mudskipper fish able to do in short distances? | [
"walk",
"tumble",
"run",
"spit"
] | A | Thomas H Brown. Mudskippers are fish that are able to walk short distances . CC-BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
What is the major cause of disease in agricultural crops? | [
"fungi",
"bacteria",
"drought",
"pollution"
] | A | Some fungi have a different kind of relationship with plants. They are plant parasites. They get food from the plants and cause harm to the plants in return. Fungi are the major causes of disease in agricultural crops. They may eventually kill their plant hosts. | train | sciq | null |
What type of reproduction occurs in almost all fungi? | [
"budding",
"asexual",
"sexual",
"fragmentation"
] | C | Sexual reproduction also occurs in virtually all fungi. This involves mating between two haploid hyphae. During mating, two haploid parent cells fuse, forming a diploid spore called a zygospore . The zygospore is genetically different from the parents. After the zygospore germinates, it can undergo meiosis, forming hap... | train | sciq | null |
What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? | [
"absorptive",
"dielectric",
"fibrous",
"solid"
] | A | Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion . These protists are important decomposers. | train | sciq | null |
How do dogs lose body heat? | [
"eating",
"sweating",
"panting",
"barking"
] | C | One way mammals lose excess heat is by increasing blood flow to the skin. This warms the skin so heat can be given off to the environment. That’s why you may get flushed, or red in the face, when you exercise on a hot day. You are likely to sweat as well. Sweating also reduces body heat. Sweat wets the skin, and when i... | train | sciq | null |
The electron transport chains are located on the inner membrane of which organelle? | [
"mitochondrion",
"chloroplast",
"lysosome",
"axon"
] | A | High-energy electrons are released from NADH and FADH 2 , and they move along electron transport chains, like those used in photosynthesis. The electron transport chains are on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. As the high-energy electrons are transported along the chains, some of their energy is captured. This ... | train | sciq | null |
What happens to growth of plants and bacteria in warmer regions? | [
"they are stunted",
"they grow slower",
"they grow faster",
"they mutate"
] | C | In warmer regions, plants and bacteria grow faster. Plants and animals weather material and produce soils. In tropical regions, where temperature and precipitation are consistently high, thick soils form. Arid regions have thin soils. | train | sciq | null |
Electromagnetic waves are generally caused by magnetic fields doing what (or moving in what way)? | [
"vibrating",
"folding",
"rippling",
"revolving"
] | A | An electromagnetic wave begins when an electrically charged particle vibrates. The Figure below shows how this happens. A vibrating charged particle causes the electric field surrounding it to vibrate as well. A vibrating electric field, in turn, creates a vibrating magnetic field. The two types of vibrating fields com... | train | sciq | null |
Exposure to what can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker? | [
"sunlight",
"nuclear radiation",
"ultraviolet radiation",
"gamma rays"
] | C | Genes are a major determinant of human skin color. However, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker. | train | sciq | null |
Most of the trash in the ocean is made of what material? | [
"hydrocarbons",
"plastic",
"styrofoam",
"wood"
] | B | Much of the trash in the oceans is plastic. Many types of plastic do not degrade. Some break down into plastic molecules, but these can also be a pollutant. Plastic shopping bags are extremely abundant in the oceans. Since water runs from land into the sea, chemicals can end up in the sea. Pesticides, herbicides, and f... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the glands that produce milk in female mammals ? | [
"mammary glands",
"recombinant glands",
"fetal glands",
"sebaceous glands"
] | A | Female mammals have mammary glands . The glands produce milk after the birth of offspring. Milk is a nutritious fluid. It contains disease-fighting molecules as well as all the nutrients a baby mammal needs. Producing milk for an offspring is called lactation . | train | sciq | null |
The conductive cells within the heart establish the heart rate and transmit it through the what? | [
"meiosis",
"myocardium",
"neurons",
"conduction"
] | B | 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity The heart is regulated by both neural and endocrine control, yet it is capable of initiating its own action potential followed by muscular contraction. The conductive cells within the heart establish the heart rate and transmit it through the myocardium. The contractile cells... | train | sciq | null |
What is the opening in the front of the eye? | [
"the cornea",
"the macula",
"the pupil",
"the iris"
] | C | The pupil is an opening in the front of the eye. It looks black because it doesn’t reflect any light. It allows light to enter the eye. The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed. | train | sciq | null |
Binary transition-metal compounds, such as the oxides and sulfides, are usually written with idealized what? | [
"stoichiometries",
"fluctuations",
"noble gases",
"speciation"
] | A | VII *The convention of using roman numerals to indicate the oxidation states of a metal is used here. Binary transition-metal compounds, such as the oxides and sulfides, are usually written with idealized stoichiometries, such as FeO or FeS, but these compounds are usually cation deficient and almost never contain a 1:... | train | sciq | null |
What disease refers to the dangerous buildup of fatty materials in blood vessels? | [
"gout",
"atherosclerosis",
"arthritis",
"fibrosis"
] | B | A unique mutation is found in people in a small town in Italy. The mutation protects them from developing atherosclerosis, which is the dangerous buildup of fatty materials in blood vessels. The individual in which the mutation first appeared has even been identified. | train | sciq | null |
Which nerve directly stimulates the contraction of skeletal muscles in the pharynx and larynx to contribute to the swallowing and speech functions? | [
"gland nerve",
"glands nerve",
"vagus nerve",
"larynx nerve"
] | C | Nerves of the Face and Oral Cavity An iconic part of a doctor’s visit is the inspection of the oral cavity and pharynx, suggested by the directive to “open your mouth and say ‘ah. ’” This is followed by inspection, with the aid of a tongue depressor, of the back of the mouth, or the opening of the oral cavity into the ... | train | sciq | null |
What do we call coiled structures made of dna and proteins? | [
"chromosomes",
"Organisms",
"nodes",
"Molecules"
] | A | Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They form after DNA replicates and are the form in which the genetic material goes through cell division. Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. | train | sciq | null |
Energy comes in discrete packages called what? | [
"quota",
"quanta",
"quasi",
"quasar"
] | B | Energy comes in discrete packages called quanta. | train | sciq | null |
Which type of cell can carry out more functions, eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells? | [
"eukaryotic cells",
"Prokaryotic Cells",
"both",
"chromosomal cells"
] | A | In addition to having a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus and ribosomes, eukaryotic cells also contain membrane-bound organelles . Each organelle in a eukaryote has a distinct function. Because of their complex level of organization, eukaryotic cells can carry out many more functions than prokaryotic cells. The mai... | train | sciq | null |
When vascular disease causes stiffening of arteries, compliance is reduced and resistance to blood flow is increased. the result is more turbulence, higher pressure within the vessel, and reduced blood flow. this increases the work of this? | [
"brain",
"lung",
"muscles",
"heart"
] | D | Compliance Compliance is the ability of any compartment to expand to accommodate increased content. A metal pipe, for example, is not compliant, whereas a balloon is. The greater the compliance of an artery, the more effectively it is able to expand to accommodate surges in blood flow without increased resistance or bl... | train | sciq | null |
Animals that do not have internal control of their body temperature are called what? | [
"ectotherms",
"photophores",
"cold-blooded",
"athermal"
] | A | Thermoregulation Animals can be divided into two groups: those that maintain a constant body temperature in the face of differing environmental temperatures, and those that have a body temperature that is the same as their environment and thus varies with the environmental temperature. Animals that do not have internal... | train | sciq | null |
What do optical fibres look like? | [
"big flashlights",
"thin glass tubes",
"square boxes",
"flat paper"
] | B | Besides entertaining a cat, laser light has many other uses. It is used to scan bar codes, for example, and to carry communication signals in optical fibers. Optical fibers are extremely thin glass tubes that are used to guide laser light (see Figure below ). Sounds or pictures are encoded in pulses of laser light, whi... | train | sciq | null |
Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in what? | [
"vacuums",
"fruits",
"schools",
"organisms"
] | D | Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in organisms. | train | sciq | null |
What type of protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle? | [
"conduction protein",
"amino acid",
"membrane protein",
"rod protein"
] | C | The second main component of plasma membranes are the variety of proteins. A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. Membrane proteins can be put into two groups based on how the protein is associated with the membrane: (1) integral membrane... | train | sciq | null |
What is defined as the ability to cause changes in matter? | [
"momentum",
"evolution",
"energy",
"nuclear"
] | C | Energy is defined as the ability to cause changes in matter. You can change energy from one form to another when you lift your arm or take a step. In each case, energy is used to move matter — you. The energy of moving matter is called kinetic energy . | train | sciq | null |
What group of animals has permeable skin that makes them vulnerable to pollution? | [
"reptiles",
"amphibians",
"fish",
"mammals"
] | B | Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. This may explain why they seem to be especially sensitive to pollution. Monitoring the health and survival of amphibians may help people detect pollution early, before other organisms are affected. | train | sciq | null |
A period is a horizontal row of the what? | [
"cycles table",
"phases table",
"species table",
"periodic table"
] | D | A period is a horizontal row of the periodic table. There are seven periods in the periodic table, with each one beginning at the far left. A new period begins when a new principal energy level begins filling with electrons. Period 1 has only two elements (hydrogen and helium), while periods 2 and 3 have 8 elements. Pe... | train | sciq | null |
What term refers to any method of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form? | [
"carbon sequestration",
"carbon footprint",
"carbon transfer",
"carbon metamorphosis"
] | A | Carbon sequestration is any way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form. Carbon is sequestered naturally by forests. Trees take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Artificial methods of sequestering carbon underground are being researched. | train | sciq | null |
What system protects the body from worms, germs, and other agents of harm? | [
"digestion",
"hormones",
"immune",
"lymph system"
] | C | The immune system protects the body from worms, germs, and other agents of harm. The immune system is like a medieval castle. The outside of the castle was protected by a moat and high stone walls. Inside the castle, soldiers were ready to fight off any invaders that managed to get through the outer defenses. Like a me... | train | sciq | null |
Most members of the animal kingdom have differentiated tissues of four main classes—nervous, muscular, connective, and this? | [
"neural",
"crystalline",
"epithelial",
"digestive"
] | C | ingest their food and usually develop into motile creatures with a fixed body plan. Most members of the animal kingdom have differentiated tissues of four main classes—nervous, muscular, connective, and epithelial—that are specialized to perform different functions. Most animals reproduce sexually, leading to a develop... | train | sciq | null |
Which ancient fish has just two living species and is at risk of extinction? | [
"coelacanths",
"latimeria",
"squids",
"hominids"
] | A | Coelacanths are ancient fish with just two living species. They are at risk of extinction because of their very small numbers. | train | sciq | null |
A decline in blood flow to what organs stimulates release of the enzyme renin, in turn stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water? | [
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"thyroids",
"kidneys"
] | D | Kidneys The kidneys participate in several complex endocrine pathways and produce certain hormones. A decline in blood flow to the kidneys stimulates them to release the enzyme renin, triggering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, and stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water. The reabsorption incre... | train | sciq | null |
What common air pollutant is characterized by its sharp odor and often triggers asthma attacks? | [
"Carbon Dioxide",
"pigment dioxide",
"plant dioxide",
"nitrogen dioxide"
] | D | Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas with a sharp odor. It can irritate the eyes and throat and trigger asthma attacks. It is a major air pollutant. | train | sciq | null |
In addition to a nucleus what do eukaryotic cells have? | [
"nutrons",
"organelles",
"electrons",
"protons"
] | B | Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures called organelles. | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe a cross between two individuals that have different traits? | [
"fraternization",
"purebreed",
"assimilation",
"hybridization"
] | D | Mendel first worked with plants that differed in a single characteristic, such as flower color. A hybridization is a cross between two individuals that have different traits. A hybridization in which only one characteristic is examined is called a monohybrid cross . The offspring of such a cross are called monohybrids.... | train | sciq | null |
What also happens when people feel anxious and breathe too fast? | [
"they become hostile",
"they become pettite",
"they become lightheaded",
"they become elated"
] | C | Sometimes people who are feeling anxious breathe too fast and become lightheaded. This is called hyperventilation. Hyperventilation can upset the pH balance of the blood, resulting in blood that is too basic. Explain why. | train | sciq | null |
Which two systems together provide support to the body and allow for movement? | [
"skeletal and digestive",
"skeletal and muscular",
"muscular and nervous",
"vascular and muscular"
] | B | 16.5 | Musculoskeletal System By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Discuss the axial and appendicular parts of the skeletal system • Explain the role of joints in skeletal movement • Explain the role of muscles in locomotion The muscular and skeletal systems provide support to the body and allow for movem... | train | sciq | null |
The chromosomes that have a mixture of maternal and paternal sequence are called what? | [
"DNA",
"recombinant",
"gene",
"antibodies"
] | B | Figure 7.3 In this illustration of the effects of crossing over, the blue chromosome came from the individual’s father and the red chromosome came from the individual’s mother. Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. The result is an exchange of genetic material between homologous chro... | train | sciq | null |
Different types of home heating systems all function by producing what type of energy? | [
"natural",
"thermal",
"electron",
"distinct"
] | B | Types of home heating systems include hot-water, warm-air, and solar heating systems. All of them have the same basic function: producing thermal energy and transferring it to air throughout the house. | train | sciq | null |
Nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts are called what? | [
"micronutrients",
"vitamins",
"minerals",
"macronutrients"
] | D | Nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts are called macronutrients . They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water. All macronutrients except water can be used by the body for energy. (The energy in food is measured in a unit called a Calorie. ) The exact amount of each macronutrient that an indiv... | train | sciq | null |
Which property changes when a glass breaks? | [
"State",
"its physical property",
"density",
"Chemical"
] | B | When glass breaks, its physical properties change. Instead of one solid sheet of glass, it now has holes and cracks. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call large, y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens? | [
"parasites",
"antibodies",
"membranes",
"proteins"
] | B | Plasma cells are activated B cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. Plasma cells are like antibody factories, producing many copies of a single type of antibody. The antibodies travel throughout the body in blood and lymph. Each antibody binds to just... | train | sciq | null |
What is the process by which plants make their own food? | [
"photosynthesis",
"metabolism",
"cellular respiration",
"glycolysis"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
In amniotes that lay eggs, the shell of the egg provides protection for the developing embryo while being permeable enough to allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and this? | [
"Protein",
"oxygen",
"tissue",
"gas"
] | B | Characteristics of Amniotes The amniotic egg is the key characteristic of amniotes. In amniotes that lay eggs, the shell of the egg provides protection for the developing embryo while being permeable enough to allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The albumin, or egg white, provides the embryo with water... | train | sciq | null |
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