question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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What is the process of the blastula forming 3 layers of cells called? | [
"internalization",
"fermentation",
"gastrulation",
"Mitosis"
] | C | Gastrulation The typical blastula is a ball of cells. The next stage in embryonic development is the formation of the body plan. The cells in the blastula rearrange themselves spatially to form three layers of cells. This process is called gastrulation. During gastrulation, the blastula folds upon itself to form the th... | train | sciq | null |
How does air pressure change as altitude increases? | [
"stays the same",
"It increases",
"goes up and down",
"it decreases"
] | D | Like density, the pressure of the air decreases with altitude. There is less air pressing down from above the higher up you go. Look at the bottle pictured below ( Figure below ). It was drained by a hiker at the top of a mountain. Then the hiker screwed the cap on the bottle and carried it down to sea level. At the lo... | train | sciq | null |
In harmonic motion there is always what force, which acts in the opposite direction of the velocity? | [
"inorganic force",
"locomotion force",
"restorative force",
"magnetic force"
] | C | In harmonic motion there is always a restorative force , which acts in the opposite direction of the velocity. The restorative force changes during oscillation and depends on the position of the object. In a spring the force is the spring force; in a pendulum it is the component of gravity along the path. In both cases... | train | sciq | null |
Many of the protist species classified into the supergroup excavata are asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding groove “excavated” from one side. this supergroup includes heterotrophic predators, photosynthetic species, and these? | [
"insects",
"mammals",
"parasites",
"reptiles"
] | C | Excavata Many of the protist species classified into the supergroup Excavata are asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding groove “excavated” from one side. This supergroup includes heterotrophic predators, photosynthetic species, and parasites. Its subgroups are the diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoa... | train | sciq | null |
What is the thick fluid in the space between bones that cushions the joint? | [
"collagen",
"amniotic fluid",
"synovial fluid",
"interstitial fluid"
] | C | Movable joints are also known as synovial joints. This is because the space between the bones is filled with a thick fluid, called synovial fluid, that cushions the joint (see Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the portion of a nucleotide lacking phosphate groups? | [
"nucleolus",
"a nucleobase",
"nuclear shell",
"a nucleoside"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
The band disappears before metaphase but predicts the future plane of what? | [
"cell division",
"cell wall",
"cell matter",
"cell solution"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is a common age-related bone disease in which bone density and strength is decreased? | [
"lupus",
"arthritis",
"osteoporosis",
"fibrosis"
] | C | View this animation (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/ headblow) to see how a blow to the head may produce a contrecoup (counterblow) fracture of the basilar portion of the occipital bone on the base of the skull. Why may a basilar fracture be life threatening? 3. Osteoporosis is a common age-related bone disease in which... | train | sciq | null |
Bacteria reproduce through what process? | [
"binary fusion",
"residual fission",
"tertiary fission",
"binary fission"
] | D | Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission . During binary fission, the chromosome copies itself, forming two genetically identical copies. Then, the cell enlarges and divides into two new daughter cells. The two daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. Binary fission can happen very rapidly. So... | train | sciq | null |
What is the branch of science that studies the physical world? | [
"physics",
"social science",
"botany",
"Ecology"
] | A | What is physics ? Physics is the branch of science that studies the physical world, including objects as small as subatomic particles and as large as galaxies. It studies the nature of matter and energy and how they interact. Physicists are inquisitive people who want to know the causes of what they see. How does the m... | train | sciq | null |
Osteoclasts break down bone to maintain mineral what? | [
"fluctuations",
"density",
"homeostatis",
"polarity"
] | C | Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break down bone to maintain mineral homeostasis. Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and periosteum. | train | sciq | null |
Which carbohydrates can be classified in terms of chain length? | [
"atomic",
"simple",
"binary",
"complex"
] | B | Simple carbohydrates can be classified in terms of chain length. | train | sciq | null |
What is altered by changes in cardiac output by variable contriction of the arterioles? | [
"heart rhythm",
"pulse",
"blood type",
"blood pressure"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain what? | [
"pathogens",
"a nucleus",
"inorganic matter",
"energy"
] | B | Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. | train | sciq | null |
What distinctive dna shape forms when the two nucleotide chains wrap around the same axis? | [
"double helix",
"double spiral",
"chain helix",
"single spiral"
] | A | Simple Model of DNA. In this simple model of DNA, each line represents a nucleotide chain. The double helix shape forms when the two chains wrap around the same axis. | train | sciq | null |
The oxygen regions of the water molecules have what kind of charge? | [
"positive",
"negative",
"neutral",
"certain"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Humans use many compounds that were first discovered or derived from living organisms as medicines: secondary plant compounds, animal toxins, and antibiotics produced by these? | [
"tumors and fungi",
"molecules and fungi",
"bacteria and fungi",
"bacteria and tumors"
] | C | 47.2 The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life Humans use many compounds that were first discovered or derived from living organisms as medicines: secondary plant compounds, animal toxins, and antibiotics produced by bacteria and fungi. More medicines are expected to be discovered in nature. Loss of biodiversity wil... | train | sciq | null |
Millipedes and centipedes are the most commonly found examples of what group of arthropods? | [
"protists myriapoda",
"Disperse Myriapoda",
"subphylum myriapoda",
"unicellular myriapoda"
] | C | Subphylum Myriapoda includes arthropods with legs that may vary in number from 10 to 750. This subphylum includes 13,000 species; the most commonly found examples are millipedes and centipedes. All myriapods are terrestrial animals and prefer a humid environment (Figure 15.21). | train | sciq | null |
Glass breaking is an example of what type of change that doesn't affect the makeup of matter? | [
"thermal",
"physical",
"reversible",
"chemical"
] | B | Physical changes are changes in the physical properties of matter but not in the makeup of matter. An example of a physical change is glass breaking. | train | sciq | null |
Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers all have functional groups containing what element? | [
"oxygen",
"silicon",
"methane",
"carbon"
] | A | Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers h ave oxygencontaining functional groups. | train | sciq | null |
What forms when an atom gains electrons? | [
"bonds",
"crystals",
"anions",
"cations"
] | C | Anions form when an atom gains electrons. Nonmetallic atoms typically gain enough electrons to obtain the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas. All the elements in Group 17 have seven valence electrons, which are arranged into an outer configuration of n s 2 n p 5 . To achieve a noble gas configuration ... | train | sciq | null |
There are several types of wetlands including marshes, swamps, bogs, mudflats, and salt marshes. the three shared characteristics among these types—what makes them wetlands—are their hydrology, hydrophytic vegetation, and this? | [
"sandy soils",
"niya soils",
"stibnite soils",
"hydric soils"
] | D | may not be able to use vision as their primary sense to find food. Instead, they are more likely to use taste or chemical cues to find prey. Wetlands Wetlands are environments in which the soil is either permanently or periodically saturated with water. Wetlands are different from lakes because wetlands are shallow bod... | train | sciq | null |
What element is typically used to shield things from gamma rays? | [
"lead",
"gold",
"aluminum",
"silver"
] | A | High-density materials are much more effective protection against gamma emissions than low-density ones. Gamma rays are usually blocked effectively by lead shielding. The thickness of the shielding will determine the effectiveness of the protection offered by the lead. | train | sciq | null |
What is the combination of tissues that provides a tough, woody external covering on the stems of trees called? | [
"bark",
"cuticle",
"epidermis",
"scale"
] | A | In trees, some of the epidermal tissue is replaced by bark. Bark is a combination of tissues that provides a tough, woody external covering on the stems of trees. The inner part of bark is alive and growing; the outer part is dead and provides strength, support, and protection. | train | sciq | null |
Because microorganisms can go through several generations in a matter of hours, their gene expression profiles adapt to the new laboratory environment very quickly. in addition, the vast majority of bacterial species resist being cultured in this? | [
"isolation",
"substrate",
"water",
"colonies"
] | A | Microbial Genomics: Metagenomics Traditionally, microbiology has been taught with the view that microorganisms are best studied under pure culture conditions, which involves isolating a single type of cell and culturing it in the laboratory. Because microorganisms can go through several generations in a matter of hours... | train | sciq | null |
Examples of acute forms of what type of diseases include the common cold and influenza? | [
"attributable diseases",
"viral diseases",
"inherited diseases",
"bacterial diseases"
] | B | As you will learn in the next module, animal viruses are associated with a variety of human diseases. Some of them follow the classic pattern of acute disease, where symptoms get increasingly worse for a short period followed by the elimination of the virus from the body by the immune system and eventual recovery from ... | train | sciq | null |
What do red blood cells carry? | [
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"hydrogen"
] | A | Blood is a fluid connective tissue that contains a liquid component called plasma. It also contains dissolved substances and blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells defend the body, and platelets help blood clot. | train | sciq | null |
The sympathetic division of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system has evolved the fight-or-flight response to counter stress-induced disruptions of this? | [
"equilibrium",
"blood pressure",
"body temperature",
"homeostasis"
] | D | Fight-or-Flight Response Interactions of the endocrine hormones have evolved to ensure the body’s internal environment remains stable. Stressors are stimuli that disrupt homeostasis. The sympathetic division of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system has evolved the fight-or-flight response to counter stress-induced di... | train | sciq | null |
What light-producing process occurs when a substance absorbs shorter-wavelength ultraviolet light and then gives off the energy as visible light? | [
"luminescence",
"fluorescence",
"resistance",
"candescence"
] | B | A fluorescent light bulb produces visible light by fluorescence. Fluorescence occurs when a substance absorbs shorter-wavelength ultraviolet light and then gives off the energy as visible light. The compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL) in the Figure below contains mercury gas that gives off ultraviolet light when elect... | train | sciq | null |
What lies between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain? | [
"successive slope",
"continental belt",
"continental slope",
"equator"
] | C | The continental slope lies between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. It has a steep slope with a sharp drop to the deep ocean floor. | train | sciq | null |
In the first beaker, distilled water does not conduct a current because water is a what? | [
"pure element",
"magnetic compound",
"solute",
"molecular compound"
] | D | In the first beaker, distilled water does not conduct a current because water is a molecular compound. In the second beaker, solid sodium chloride also does not conduct a current. Despite being ionic and thus composed of charges particles, the solid crystal lattice does not allow the ions to move between the electrodes... | train | sciq | null |
What is another term for hydraulic fracturing? | [
"permeating",
"drilling",
"erupting",
"fracking"
] | D | Hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a relatively new method for extracting natural gas. Fracking may be linked to groundwater contamination and small earthquakes in non-seismic regions. | train | sciq | null |
In what unit is speed usually measured? | [
"miles per hour",
"radians",
"Celcius",
"calories"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Unlike liver bile, 'juice' produced by what organ is clear and composed mostly of water along with some salts, sodium bicarbonate, and digestive enzymes? | [
"stomach",
"pancreas",
"spleen",
"gallbladder"
] | B | Pancreatic Juice The pancreas produces over a liter of pancreatic juice each day. Unlike bile, it is clear and composed mostly of water along with some salts, sodium bicarbonate, and several digestive enzymes. Sodium bicarbonate is responsible for the slight alkalinity of pancreatic juice (pH 7.1 to 8.2), which serves ... | train | sciq | null |
What term means opposition to the flow of electric charges that occurs when electric current travels through matter? | [
"diffusion",
"antagonism",
"resistance",
"polarity"
] | C | Resistance is opposition to the flow of electric charges that occurs when electric current travels through matter. The SI unit of resistance is the ohm (named for the scientist Georg Ohm, whom you can read about below). Resistance is caused by electrons in a current bumping into electrons and ions in the matter through... | train | sciq | null |
According to law, what must packaged foods carry? | [
"country of origin",
"warnings",
"pricing",
"nutrition facts label"
] | D | Packaged foods are required by law to carry a nutrition facts label, like the one in Figure below . The labels show the nutrient content and ingredients of foods. Reading labels can help you choose foods that are high in nutrients you need more of (such as proteins) and low in nutrients you need less of (such as fats). | train | sciq | null |
What type of terminal releases neurotransmitters at a synapse? | [
"secretion",
"axon",
"chloride",
"acetylcholine,"
] | B | At a synapse, neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal. They bind with receptors on the other cell. | train | sciq | null |
What chemical affects the onset of puberty and duration? | [
"enzymes",
"steroids",
"acids",
"hormones"
] | D | Puberty lasts from about ages 12 to 18 years and is controlled by hormones. | train | sciq | null |
What are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant? | [
"nonpermeable",
"vascular plants",
"nonvascular",
"photoreactive"
] | C | Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes . The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on... | train | sciq | null |
What do angiosperms produce? | [
"scales",
"flowers and fruit",
"needles",
"leaves"
] | B | a phosphate group, which contains phosphorus and oxygen. | train | sciq | null |
What should you let liquid waste do before placing the container in the trash? | [
"melt",
"generate",
"expand",
"evaporate"
] | D | Always properly dispose of hazardous waste. For example, let liquid waste evaporate before placing the container in the trash. | train | sciq | null |
Mammoths, close genetic relatives of modern elephants, are believed to have gone extinct due to hunting by humans and what factor? | [
"earthquakes",
"volcanic eruptions",
"migration change",
"climate change"
] | D | It's easy to get lost in the discussion of dinosaurs and theories about why they went extinct 65 million years ago. Was it due to a meteor slamming into Earth near the coast of modern-day Mexico, or was it from some long-term weather cycle that is not yet understood? One hypothesis that will never be proposed is that h... | train | sciq | null |
What is the ph level of neutral, pure water? | [
"six",
"six and a half",
"five",
"seven"
] | D | The ion concentration of neutral, pure water gives water a pH of 7 and sets the standard for defining acids and bases. Acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7. | train | sciq | null |
Which organ system defends the body from pathogens and other causes of disease? | [
"respiratory system",
"nervous system",
"immune system",
"digestion system"
] | C | Vertebrates have an adaptive immune system. The immune system is the organ system that defends the body from pathogens and other causes of disease. Being adaptive means that the immune system can learn to recognize specific pathogens. Then it can produce tailor-made chemicals called antibodies to attack them. This allo... | train | sciq | null |
What is the process where scientific articles are checked and analyzed by other scientists before publication? | [
"embrace review",
"peer review",
"process review",
"mechanism review"
] | B | Scientists may publish articles about their research in peer-reviewed science journals. Peer review means that the work is analyzed by peers, in other words, by other scientists. The articles are published only if the other scientists are convinced that the research is accurate and honest. | train | sciq | null |
A mutation is a random change in an organism's what? | [
"genes",
"power",
"structure",
"babies"
] | A | At some point, the variation probably came from a mutation. A mutation is a random change in an organism's genes. Mutations are natural. Some are harmful, but many are neutral. If the trait from the mutation is beneficial, that organism may have a better chance to survive. An organism that survives is likely to have of... | train | sciq | null |
Synovial and ball-and-socket are both types of what? | [
"joints",
"bonds",
"cells",
"muscles"
] | A | 9.5 | Types of Body Movements By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Define the different types of body movements • Identify the joints that allow for these motions Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of... | train | sciq | null |
Who invented dynamite in 1866? | [
"Albert Einstein",
"Madame Curie",
"Louis Pasteur",
"alfred nobel"
] | D | Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel in 1866. Nitroglycerin, a very unstable explosive, was already known. Nobel mixed the nitroglycerin with silica to stabilize it and form a solid material. He made a fortune with this discovery and established the Nobel Foundation, which funds the Nobel Prizes every year. | train | sciq | null |
Most liquid freshwater is under the ground in layers of what? | [
"forest",
"sand",
"soil",
"rock"
] | D | Only a tiny fraction of Earth’s freshwater is in the liquid state. Most liquid freshwater is under the ground in layers of rock. Of freshwater on the surface, the majority occurs in lakes and soil. What percentage of freshwater on the surface is found in living things?. | train | sciq | null |
What phenotype do gain-of-function mutations usually result in? | [
"external",
"dominant",
"internal",
"submissive"
] | B | Gain-of-function mutations result in the gene product or protein having a new and abnormal function and usually result in a dominant phenotype. Examples of gain of function mutations occur in the thyroid hormone receptor gene. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate? | [
"malolactic respiration",
"aerobic respiration",
"hyperventilation",
"anaerobic respiration"
] | D | Phil Roeder. Anaerobic respiration occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate . CC-BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
What are the key to species evolving? | [
"microbes",
"parasites",
"radiation",
"mutations"
] | D | Mutations are the key to species evolving. Lets say an organism "mutates" due to a new allele for a gene that determines coat color. There are, theoretically, only three outcomes of that mutation:. | train | sciq | null |
Cancer develops when what process is unregulated? | [
"cell division",
"metabolism",
"meiosis",
"cellular respiration"
] | A | In the Cell Cycle: Cancer (Advanced) concept, cancer is described as developing due to unregulated cell division. That is, cancer is a disease characterized by a population of cells that grow and divide without respect to normal limits. These cancerous cells invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and they may spread thro... | train | sciq | null |
What are needed to oxidize the noble gases to form compounds in positive oxidation states? | [
"bacteria oxidants",
"metal oxidants",
"protein oxidants",
"potent oxidants"
] | D | Potent oxidants are needed to oxidize the noble gases to form compounds in positive oxidation states. | train | sciq | null |
Which muscles raise the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth, and the larynx during deglutition? | [
"spirogyra",
"suprahyoid",
"Hybrid",
"spicule"
] | B | The suprahyoid muscles raise the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth, and the larynx during deglutition. These include the digastric muscle, which has anterior and posterior bellies that work to elevate the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible. The stylohyoid muscle moves the hyoid bon... | train | sciq | null |
What type of energy is stored in an object because of its position or shape? | [
"potential",
"kinetic",
"mechanical",
"magnetic"
] | A | Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its position or shape. It includes gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. Gravitational potential energy depends on an object’s weight and height above the ground. | train | sciq | null |
Like plants, animals are multicellular what? | [
"membranes",
"eukaryotes",
"prokaryotes",
"isolates"
] | B | Like plants, animals are multicellular eukaryotes. However, animals differ from plants in other important ways. | train | sciq | null |
A doorknob and a ferris wheel are examples of what type of simple machine? | [
"lever and pulley",
"ball and axle",
"wheel and axle",
"ball and socket"
] | C | A wheel and axle is a simple machine that consists of two connected rings or cylinders, one inside the other. Both rings or cylinders turn in the same direction around a single center point. The inner ring or cylinder is called the axle, and the outer one is called the wheel. Besides the Ferris wheel, the doorknob in t... | train | sciq | null |
What do ocean mollusks use to absorb oxygen from the water? | [
"shells",
"pores",
"gills",
"scales"
] | C | Most ocean mollusks have a gill or gills to absorb oxygen from the water. | train | sciq | null |
What is paleobotany? | [
"study of extinct plants",
"study of fresh plants",
"study of diseased plants",
"study of new plants"
] | A | Paleobotanist How organisms acquired traits that allow them to colonize new environments—and how the contemporary ecosystem is shaped—are fundamental questions of evolution. Paleobotany (the study of extinct plants) addresses these questions through the analysis of fossilized specimens retrieved from field studies, rec... | train | sciq | null |
What happens to the level of relative humidity in the evening as air temperature declines? | [
"nothing",
"it rises",
"it falls",
"it goes up and down"
] | B | The expression “it’s not the heat, it’s the humidity” makes a valid point. We keep cool in hot weather by evaporating sweat from our skin and water from our breathing passages. Because evaporation is inhibited by high humidity, we feel hotter at a given temperature when the humidity is high. Low humidity, on the other ... | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state? | [
"kilocalorie",
"xerophyte",
"porous",
"nonelectrolyte"
] | D | A nonelectrolyte is a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state. Many molecular compounds, such as sugar or ethanol, are nonelectrolytes. When these compounds dissolve in water, they do not produce ions. The Figure below illustrates the difference between an el... | train | sciq | null |
Peregrine falcons made an incredible recovery after laws were passed banning the use of what? | [
"Acetamiprid",
"Carbaryl",
"ddt",
"miticide"
] | C | Government policies and laws are needed to protect biodiversity. Such actions have been shown to work in the past. For example, peregrine falcons made an incredible recovery after laws were passed banning the use of DDT. | train | sciq | null |
What pathway in a plant do water and nutrients travel through from the roots to the leaves? | [
"stem",
"skin",
"flowers",
"bark"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
In the tropics what are the prevailing winds called? | [
"storm winds",
"tradewinds",
"crosswinds",
"a front"
] | B | The major wind belts push the water in the surface currents. The water moves in the direction of :. | train | sciq | null |
How many chromosomes are in a diploid human cell? | [
"41",
"47",
"46.63 chromosomes",
"46 chromosomes"
] | D | Sperm are male gametes , or reproductive cells. When a male gamete meets a female gamete, they can form a new organism. Sperm form when certain cells in the male reproductive system divide by meiosis , resulting in cells with half the amount of DNA as a regular "body" cell. More precisely, sperm cells are haploid sex c... | train | sciq | null |
Motion of water molecules helps break up interactions between what? | [
"acids and bases",
"enzymes and acids",
"solid ions or molecules",
"ions or hormones"
] | C | Motion of water molecules helps break up interactions between solid ions or molecules. | train | sciq | null |
Which cycle is named after the scientist melvin calvin? | [
"melvin cycle",
"calvin cycle",
"melcal cycle",
"krebs cycle"
] | B | The second stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The reactions of this stage can occur without light, so they are sometimes called light-independent or dark reactions. This stage of photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin cycle because its reactions... | train | sciq | null |
What is formed when a subducting plate flows under another tectonic plate? | [
"fault line",
"boundary plate",
"volcanic arc",
"magma"
] | C | As you would expect, where plates collide there are lots of intense earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The subducting oceanic plate melts as it reenters the mantle. The magma rises and erupts. This creates a volcanic mountain range near the coast of the continent. This range is called a volcanic arc . The Andes Mounta... | train | sciq | null |
What force increases a slide downhill and decreases a slide uphill? | [
"tension",
"frictional",
"nuclear",
"gravity"
] | D | Discussion As might have been expected, the player slides a shorter distance by sliding uphill. Note that the problem could also have been solved in terms of the forces directly and the work energy theorem, instead of using the potential energy. This method would have required combining the normal force and force of gr... | train | sciq | null |
Lymphoma is a cancer of a type of what type of cells, called lymphocytes? | [
"lung cells",
"brain cells",
"red blood cells",
"white blood cells"
] | D | Blood cancers affect the production and function of your blood cells. Most of these cancers start in your bone marrow where blood is produced. In most blood cancers, the normal production of blood cells is replaced by uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell. These abnormal blood cells are cancerous cells,... | train | sciq | null |
What type of eggs do fully terrestrial vertebrates carry? | [
"amniotic",
"epithelial",
"aqueous",
"amphibious"
] | A | The amniotic egg is an important adaptation in fully terrestrial vertebrates. It first evolved in reptiles. The shells of reptile eggs are either hard or leathery. | train | sciq | null |
What is the time since the beginning of the ice ages? | [
"quaternary period",
"Jurassic period",
"Paleolithic era",
"Mesozoic epocH"
] | A | The Quaternary Period is the time since the beginning of the ice ages. The climate has been cooler than it was earlier in the Cenozoic. Since the end of the Pleistocene ice ages, which are probably not entirely over, we have been in the Holocene Epoch. The Holocene is also called the Recent. | train | sciq | null |
What will the contraction of smooth muscles help organs do? | [
"fine motor movements",
"move joints",
"move across distances",
"carry out functions"
] | D | Muscle tissue in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach and intestines is smooth muscle . When smooth muscle contracts, it helps the organs carry out their functions. For example, when smooth muscle in the stomach contracts, it squeezes the food inside the stomach, which helps break the food into smaller piec... | train | sciq | null |
What is an acid that can be produced from the aerobic fermentation of wine? | [
"orange juice",
"grape juice",
"soda",
"vinegar"
] | D | Vinegar is an acid that can be produced from the aerobic fermentation of wine. In fact, vinegar is most likely the oldest known acid. It is commonly used as a food additive (to give things an acidic or sour taste) and as a mild cleaning agent. | train | sciq | null |
Weathering is fundamental to the creation of what, which exists as a very thin layer over solid rock? | [
"fungus",
"soil",
"moss",
"aquifers"
] | B | Without weathering, we would not have any soil on Earth. People could not live on Earth without soil! Your life and the lives of most organisms depend on soil. Soil is only a very thin layer over solid rock. Yet, it is the place where reactions between solid rock, liquid water and air take place. We get wood, paper, co... | train | sciq | null |
What type of weathering causes the minerals in a rock to change? | [
"toxic",
"artificial",
"natural",
"chemical"
] | D | Chemical weathering is different than mechanical weathering. The minerals in the rock change. The rock changes composition and becomes a different type of rock. Most minerals form at high pressure or high temperatures deep within Earth. But at Earth's surface, temperatures and pressures are much lower. Minerals that we... | train | sciq | null |
What is the process in which a liquid changes to a solid? | [
"boiling",
"condensation",
"freezing",
"melting"
] | C | Freezing is the process in which a liquid changes to a solid. It occurs when a liquid cools to a point at which its particles no longer have enough energy to overcome the force of attraction between them. | train | sciq | null |
By pulling out grass by its roots and over-grazing, livestock contribute to what negative process? | [
"migration",
"erosion",
"evolution",
"immigration"
] | B | As pictured below ( Figure below ), some grazing animals, especially sheep and goats, eat grass right down to the roots. They may even pull the grass entirely out of the ground. Grazing animals can kill the grass. They may thin it out so much that it offers little protection to the soil. If animals are kept in the same... | train | sciq | null |
What are the three types of isomers? | [
"structural, Polypropylene , enatiomers",
"structural, cis-trans, enatiomers",
"structural, cis-trans, Polystyrene",
"structural , chromosome - trans , enatiomers"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called what? | [
"chloroplasm",
"chlorophyll",
"melanin",
"sodium"
] | B | The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Like plant cells, photosynthetic protists also have chloroplasts. Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts. Their photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoi... | train | sciq | null |
What state occurs when the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility? | [
"alkalinity",
"density",
"polymerisation",
"supersaturation"
] | D | supersaturated : When the amount of solute dissolved exceeds the solubility. Occurs when a solution is saturated and the temperature slowly drops. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"sexual reproduction",
"internal reproduction",
"twins"
] | B | The majority of fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually. This allows them to adjust to conditions in the environment. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Other fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores. Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore. | train | sciq | null |
Macrophages and dendritic cells are types of what" | [
"amoena cells",
"mast cells",
"phagocytic cells",
"supercapacitor cells"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What side of a mountain does the rainshadow effect occur on? | [
"the leeward side",
"starboard",
"due north",
"windward"
] | A | Rainshadow effect occurs on the leeward side of a mountain range. | train | sciq | null |
Centrioles are a very important part of what? | [
"tubercles",
"enterocytes",
"centrosomes",
"centricles"
] | C | Centrioles are a very important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm. Centrosomes are associated with the nuclear membrane during prophase of the mitosis. In mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the centrosome arranges m... | train | sciq | null |
What is the volume of the molecules of an ideal gas? | [
"three",
"one",
"two",
"zero"
] | D | Because the molecules of an ideal gas are assumed to have zero volume, the volume available to them for motion is always the same as the volume of the container. In contrast, the molecules of a real gas have small but measurable volumes. At low pressures, the gaseous molecules are relatively far apart, but as the press... | train | sciq | null |
What part of the body are eggs formed in? | [
"ovaries",
"pancreas",
"intestine",
"brain"
] | A | Eggs form in the ovaries. After puberty, an egg is released from an ovary each month in the process of ovulation. The egg passes through the fallopian tube where fertilization may take place. | train | sciq | null |
What is the first digestive organ that food enters? | [
"mouth",
"digestive system",
"kidneys",
"intestine"
] | A | The mouth is the first organ that food enters. But digestion may start even before you put the first bite of food into your mouth. Just seeing or smelling food can cause the release of saliva and digestive enzymes in your mouth. | train | sciq | null |
Soda fizzes when what common gas comes out of solution? | [
"nitrous oxide",
"carbon dioxide",
"helium",
"carbon monoxide"
] | B | Soda fizzes when carbon dioxide comes out of solution. Which do you think will fizz more, warm soda or cold soda?. | train | sciq | null |
The voltage and current are exactly in phase in a what? | [
"battery",
"resistor",
"capacitor",
"harmonic"
] | B | Resistors in an AC Circuit Just as a reminder, consider Figure 23.47, which shows an AC voltage applied to a resistor and a graph of voltage and current versus time. The voltage and current are exactly in phase in a resistor. There is no frequency dependence to the behavior of plain resistance in a circuit:. | train | sciq | null |
Combining the voltages of the oxidation and reduction half reactions helps to determine what? | [
"magnetic",
"slimy",
"voltage",
"moisture"
] | C | To determine the overall voltage of a particular voltaic cell, simply combine the voltages of the oxidation and reduction half reactions. Even if you need to take a multiple of a half reaction for the electrons to cancel, do not take the multiple of the E1/2. Use the values directly as is from - ball-ch14_s03_t01. Spon... | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and energy? | [
"methane decay",
"nucleus decay",
"beta decay",
"alpha decay"
] | C | Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and energy. A beta particle is an electron. It has a charge of -1. In nuclear equations, a beta particle is represented by the symbol . The subscript -1 represents the particle’s charge, and the superscript 0 shows that the particle has virtually no mass.... | train | sciq | null |
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific what? | [
"liquid change",
"radiation change",
"chemical change",
"weight Change"
] | C | A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. A chemical property of iron is that it is capable of combining with oxygen to form iron oxide, the chemical name of rust. The more general term for rusting and other similar processes is corrosion. Other terms that are commo... | train | sciq | null |
When energy is captured or transformed, it inevitably degrades and becomes what less useful form of energy? | [
"temperature",
"chemical",
"heat",
"motion"
] | C | Physics also tells us that, although energy can be captured or transformed, it inevitably degrades, becoming heat, a less useful form of energy. This is why organisms require a constant input of energy; the work they must do uses up the energy they take in. Energy, unlike materials, cannot be recycled. The story of lif... | train | sciq | null |
The periodic table is one of the cornerstones of chemistry because it organizes all the known elements on the basis of their what? | [
"size properties",
"acid properties",
"liquid properties",
"chemical properties"
] | D | The periodic table is one of the cornerstones of chemistry because it organizes all the known elements on the basis of their chemical properties. A modern version is shown in Figure 2.7 "A Modern Periodic Table". Most periodic tables provide additional data (such as atomic mass) in a box that contains each element’s sy... | train | sciq | null |
What organs filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body? | [
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"pancreas",
"liver"
] | A | Vertebrates have an excretory system that includes a pair of kidneys. Kidneys are organs that filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body. | train | sciq | null |
The tidal forces near what celestial phenomena are so great they can actually tear matter from a companion star? | [
"black holes",
"wormholes",
"dwarf star",
"large holes"
] | A | Tides are not unique to Earth but occur in many astronomical systems. The most extreme tides occur where the gravitational force is the strongest and varies most rapidly, such as near black holes (see Figure 6.26). A few likely candidates for black holes have been observed in our galaxy. These have masses greater than ... | train | sciq | null |
What are female gonads normally called? | [
"glands",
"testes",
"ovaries",
"tubules"
] | C | Animals often have gonads , organs that produce eggs or sperm. The male gonads are the testes , and the female gonads are the ovaries . Testes produce sperm; ovaries produce eggs. Sperm and egg, the two sex cells, are known as gametes , and can combine two different ways, both of which combine the genetic material from... | train | sciq | null |
Starch and glycogen, as well as simple sugars like glucose and fructose, can all be categorized broadly as what? | [
"carbohydrates",
"impurities",
"acids",
"vegetables"
] | A | Of the four major macromolecular groups (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are processed by digestion, carbohydrates are considered the most common source of energy to fuel the body. They take the form of either complex carbohydrates, polysaccharides like starch and glycogen, or simple sugars (mo... | train | sciq | null |
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