question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Rh antibodies can prove dangerous if they cross what barrier in pregnancy? | [
"placental",
"fungal",
"embryo",
"stomach"
] | A | A drug known as RhoGAM, short for Rh immune globulin, can temporarily prevent the development of Rh antibodies in the Rh− mother, thereby averting this potentially serious disease for the fetus. RhoGAM antibodies destroy any fetal Rh+ erythrocytes that may cross the placental barrier. RhoGAM is normally administered to... | train | sciq | null |
Galaxies can be spiral, elliptical, or which other type? | [
"irregular",
"vertical",
"oblong",
"simple"
] | A | Galaxies can be spiral, elliptical, or irregular. | train | sciq | null |
What often involves the loss of hydrogen, the gain of oxygen, or the loss of electrons? | [
"carbonation",
"precipitation",
"oxidation",
"decomposition"
] | C | Oxidation often involves the loss of hydrogen, the gain of oxygen, or the loss of electrons. | train | sciq | null |
Luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity are all properties of which kind of material? | [
"nonmetals",
"wood",
"metals",
"ores"
] | C | The image above is of a copper plate that was made in 1893. The utensil has a great deal of elaborate decoration and the item is very useful. What would have happened if we decided that copper (I) chloride was just as good a material (well, it does have copper in it). The CuCl would end up as a powder when we pounded o... | train | sciq | null |
Anosmia, the loss of what sense, is often the result of the olfactory nerve being severed? | [
"taste",
"general sensitivity",
"balance",
"smell"
] | D | Nervous System Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell. It is often the result of the olfactory nerve being severed, usually because of blunt force trauma to the head. The sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium have a limited lifespan of approximately one to four months, and new ones are made on a regular basis.... | train | sciq | null |
Which planet is the kuiper belt closest to? | [
"Jupiter",
"Venus",
"neptune",
"Mars"
] | C | Figure below shows those distances correctly. In the upper left are the orbits of the inner planets and the asteroid belt. The asteroid belt is a collection of many small objects between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. In the upper right are the orbits of the outer planets and the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a grou... | train | sciq | null |
Does warm air sit above or below cooler air in the troposphere? | [
"above",
"below",
"near",
"adjacent"
] | B | In the troposphere, warm air ordinarily sits below cooler air. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name for the stratospheric gas layer that protects living things from uv radiation? | [
"toposphere",
"atmospheric layer",
"carbon layer",
"ozone layer"
] | D | The stratosphere contains a layer of ozone gas. Ozone consists of three oxygen atoms (O 3 ). The ozone layer absorbs high-energy UV radiation. As you can see in Figure below , UV radiation splits the ozone molecule. The split creates an oxygen molecule (O 2 ) and an oxygen atom (O). This split releases heat that warms ... | train | sciq | null |
All atoms have equal numbers of what two particles? | [
"nuclei and neutrons",
"electrons and neutrons",
"electrons and protons",
"photons and protons"
] | C | Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up the atom. They are extremely small and have an electric charge of -1. All atoms have the same number of electrons as protons. | train | sciq | null |
What is the only planet that rotates clockwise as viewed from its north pole? | [
"venus",
"earth",
"uranus",
"mars"
] | A | Venus is the only planet that rotates clockwise as viewed from its North Pole. All of the other planets rotate counterclockwise. Venus turns slowly, making only one turn every 243 days. This is longer than a year on Venus! It takes Venus only 225 days to orbit the Sun. | train | sciq | null |
Most radioactive emissions that people are exposed to are on the order of a few dozen what? | [
"micrograms",
"millivolts",
"ticks",
"millirems"
] | D | rem = rad × factor where factor is a number greater than or equal to 1 that takes into account the type of radioactive emission and sometimes the type of tissue being exposed. For beta particles, the factor equals 1. For alpha particles striking most tissues, the factor is 10, but for eye tissue the factor is 30. Most ... | train | sciq | null |
What decay produces helium nuclei? | [
"radiative decay",
"alpha decay",
"Beta Decay",
"duo decay"
] | B | A final effect of this trapped radiation merits mention. Alpha decay produces helium nuclei, which form helium atoms when they are stopped and capture electrons. Most of the helium on Earth is obtained from wells and is produced in this manner. Any helium in the atmosphere will escape in geologically short times becaus... | train | sciq | null |
Instead of wood, what do some fireplaces use? | [
"acetylene",
"propane",
"kerosene",
"gasoline"
] | B | Some fireplaces use propane gas rather than wood as fuel. | train | sciq | null |
What is the sum of all biochemical reactions in cells called? | [
"respiration",
"diffusion",
"metabolism",
"evolution"
] | C | Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside living things. Thousands of biochemical reactions continuously take place inside each cell. The sum of all these biochemical reactions is called metabolism. | train | sciq | null |
What process is magnesium important to? | [
"carbon cycle",
"absorption",
"dna replication",
"photosynthetic"
] | D | Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are also important macronutrients. The role of calcium is twofold: to regulate nutrient transport, and to support many enzyme functions. Magnesium is important to the photosynthetic process. These minerals, along with the micronutrients, which are described below, also contribute to the ... | train | sciq | null |
What type of shots do people with allergy get? | [
"flu shots",
"allergy shots",
"booster shots",
"nasal shots"
] | B | Sometimes people with an allergy get allergy shots. They are injected with tiny amounts of the allergen that triggers the allergic reaction. The shots are repeated at regular intervals, and the amount of allergen that is injected each time gradually increases. How do you think this might help an allergy? Do you think t... | train | sciq | null |
Where do polychaete worms live? | [
"digestive tract",
"lakes",
"garden soil",
"the ocean floor"
] | D | Polychaete worms live on the ocean floor. They may be sedentary filter feeders or active predators or scavengers. Active species crawl along the ocean floor in search of food. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of material that might otherwise go to a landfill can serve as the source of biomass power? | [
"reactive waste",
"organic waste",
"mechanical waste",
"microscopic waste"
] | B | Any organic material can be made into electricity. But some materials are better than others. Wastes can be used, like almond shells. Biomass power is a great use of wastes. It's hard to use wastes as a consistent large scale source of energy though. | train | sciq | null |
What was the appendix used for in the past but is no longer needed for? | [
"fight infection",
"sense danger",
"produce food",
"digest food"
] | D | The appendix is a tiny remnant of a once-larger organ. In a distant ancestor, it was needed to digest food. If your appendix becomes infected, a surgeon can remove it. You won’t miss it because it no longer has any purpose in the human body. | train | sciq | null |
Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue make up what part of a plant, which bears the leaves, flowers and fruits? | [
"stem",
"root",
"leaves",
"flowers"
] | A | 30.2 Stems The stem of a plant bears the leaves, flowers, and fruits. Stems are characterized by the presence of nodes (the points of attachment for leaves or branches) and internodes (regions between nodes). Plant organs are made up of simple and complex tissues. The stem has three tissue systems: dermal, vascular, an... | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe the conditions in the sky on any particular day? | [
"weather",
"temperature",
"forecast",
"humidity"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What does the human body produce to help digest food? | [
"carbohydrates",
"fiber",
"enzymes",
"vitamins"
] | C | The human body produces many enzymes that help digest food. Here are just two examples. | train | sciq | null |
What is a coil of wire with electric current flowing through it called? | [
"tectonic valve",
"hydraulic valve",
"a solenoid",
"carrier valve"
] | C | An electromagnet is a solenoid wrapped around a bar of iron or other ferromagnetic material. A solenoid is a coil of wire with electric current flowing through it. This gives the coil north and south magnetic poles and a magnetic field. The magnetic field of the solenoid magnetizes the iron bar by aligning its magnetic... | train | sciq | null |
What type of young do scorpions produce? | [
"identical",
"guppies",
"live",
"twins"
] | C | Unlike the majority of arachnids, scorpions produce live young. The young are carried about on the mother’s back until they have molted at least once. They reach an age of between four to 25 years. | train | sciq | null |
The chloroplast integrates the two stages of what process? | [
"breathing",
"photosynthesis",
"defacation",
"polarization"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What is the name for the amount of water vapor in the air? | [
"humidity",
"heat",
"ambient",
"viscosity"
] | A | Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Humidity varies from place to place. It also varies in the same place from season to season. On a summer day in Atlanta, Georgia, humidity is high. The air feels very heavy and sticky. On a winter day in Flagstaff, Arizona, humidity is low. The air sucks moisture out of... | train | sciq | null |
What is the body system that digests food mechanically and chemically and absorbs nutrients? | [
"internal system",
"metabolism system",
"ingestion system",
"digestive system"
] | D | The digestive system is the body system that digests food mechanically and chemically and absorbs nutrients. The digestive system also eliminates solid food waste. The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. These organs make up the long tube called th... | train | sciq | null |
What is measured with a personal dosimeter? | [
"alcohol concentration",
"blood insulin",
"exposure to radioactivity",
"internal temperature"
] | C | Measurement of exposure to radioactivity is important for anyone who deals with radioactive materials on a regular basis. Perhaps the simplest device is a personal dosimeter, which is a film badge that will fog up when exposed to radiation. The amount of fogging is proportional to the amount of radiation present. | train | sciq | null |
Which plants sometimes colonize areas by disrupting interactions between native organisms? | [
"carnivorous exotic plants",
"denser exotic plants",
"bacteria exotic plants",
"invasive exotic plants"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths called? | [
"channel waves",
"sound waves",
"radio waves",
"infrared waves"
] | C | Electromagnetic waves on the left side of the Figure above are called radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths. They may have wavelengths longer than a soccer field. They are also the electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies. With their low frequencies, they have the leas... | train | sciq | null |
Resonance has been used in what kind of human-made recreational objects since prehistoric times? | [
"toys",
"arrows",
"paintbrushes",
"musical instruments"
] | D | Figure 17.33 Resonance has been used in musical instruments since prehistoric times. This marimba uses gourds as resonance chambers to amplify its sound. (credit: APC Events, Flickr). | train | sciq | null |
What is the strength of an earthquake called? | [
"magnitude",
"force",
"power",
"waves"
] | A | Earthquake: What Does Magnitude Mean? at http://www. livescience. com/20538-earthquake-magnitude-video. html (2:00). | train | sciq | null |
What organs need constant pressure to filter the blood? | [
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"dialysis",
"arteries"
] | A | The kidneys also need constant pressure to filter the blood. When the blood pressure drops too low, the kidneys increase the pressure. One way is by producing angiotensin, a blood vessel-constricting protein. This protein also signals the body to retain sodium and water. Together, the constriction of blood vessels and ... | train | sciq | null |
After an infection has been brought under control and most cytotoxic t cells die off, a few remain as what? | [
"natural killer cells",
"control cells",
"memory cells",
"b cells"
] | C | After an infection has been brought under control, most cytotoxic T cells die off. However, a few remain as memory cells. If the same pathogen enters the body again, the memory cells mount a rapid immune response. They quickly produce many copies of cytotoxic T cells specific to the antigen of that pathogen. | train | sciq | null |
How do lancelets reproduce? | [
"aerobically",
"parthenogenesis",
"asexually",
"sexually"
] | D | There are only about 25 living species of lancelets. They inhabit the ocean floor where the water is shallow. Lancelet larvae are free-swimming. The adults can swim but spend most of their time buried in the sand. Like tunicates, lancelets are filter feeders. They take in water through their mouth and expel it through ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates? | [
"neurons",
"fructose",
"placenta",
"glycogen"
] | D | Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Whenever blood glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose in a p... | train | sciq | null |
What two factors influence the pressure of fluids? | [
"time and temperature",
"temperature and density",
"depth and gravity",
"depth and density"
] | D | Two factors influence the pressure of fluids. They are the depth of the fluid and its density. | train | sciq | null |
Although it is the easiest to observe, what property is not ideal as a sole way to identify minerals? | [
"density",
"composition",
"temperature",
"color"
] | D | Color is probably the easiest property to observe. Unfortunately, you can rarely identify a mineral only by its color. Sometimes, different minerals are the same color. For example, you might find a mineral that is a golden color and think it is gold. But it might actually be pyrite, or “fool's gold,” which is made of ... | train | sciq | null |
Where are bile acids, needed to emulsify lipids, stored in the body? | [
"liver",
"womb",
"cerebellum",
"gallbladder"
] | D | Triglycerides in the diet are digested in the small intestine. Since lipids are not water-soluble, they are emulsified with the help of bile acids, which are produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Bile acids are cholesterol-derived steroids that also contain a water-soluble component. The nonpolar region... | train | sciq | null |
What type of molecule is first broken down in cellular respiration? | [
"fructose molecule",
"glucose molecule",
"hydrogen molecule",
"oxygen molecule"
] | B | Cellular respiration takes place in the stages shown here. The process begins with a molecule of glucose, which has six carbon atoms. What happens to each of these atoms of carbon?. | train | sciq | null |
The rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities is called the what? | [
"life cycle",
"calorie rate",
"hormonal rate",
"metabolic rate"
] | D | Power Consumed at Rest The rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities is called the metabolic rate. The total energy conversion rate of a person at rest is called the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and is divided among various systems in the body, as shown in Table 7.4. The large... | train | sciq | null |
How many valence electrons does carbon have? | [
"two",
"one",
"five",
"four"
] | D | Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds. When it bonds only with hydrogen, it forms compounds called hydrocarbons. | train | sciq | null |
What word describes a molecule that repels polar water? | [
"hydrophobic",
"soluble",
"monophobic",
"hydrophonic"
] | A | The other end of each phospholipid molecule is nonpolar and has no electric charge. This end of the phospholipid molecule repels polar water and is described as hydrophobic, or “water hating. ”. | train | sciq | null |
Which pollution can cause lung cancer and can also make asthma and other diseases worse? | [
"water pollution",
"climate pollution",
"air pollination",
"air pollution"
] | D | Besides pathogens, many other dangers in the environment may negatively affect human health. For example, air pollution can cause lung cancer. It can also make asthma and other diseases worse. Bioterrorism is another potential threat in the environment. It may poison large numbers of people or cause epidemics of deadly... | train | sciq | null |
Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used in buildings to hold down what? | [
"gravity",
"inertia",
"traction",
"sway"
] | D | Larger buildings must sway, but not so much that they touch nearby buildings. Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used to hold down sway. | train | sciq | null |
The major component of what cellular structures is the phospholipid bilayer? | [
"ribosomes",
"cytoplasm",
"nuclei",
"cell membranes"
] | D | Figure 3.20 The phospholipid bilayer is the major component of all cellular membranes. The hydrophilic head groups of the phospholipids face the aqueous solution. The hydrophobic tails are sequestered in the middle of the bilayer. | train | sciq | null |
The cytoskeleton crisscrosses the cytoplasm, this gives what to the cell? | [
"internal framework",
"external framework",
"external passageway",
"internal passageway"
] | A | The cytoplasm consists of everything inside the plasma membrane, including watery cytosol and organelles. The cytoplasm suspends the organelles and does other jobs. The cytoskeleton crisscrosses the cytoplasm and gives the cell an internal framework. | train | sciq | null |
Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps of what? | [
"respiration",
"transcription",
"mutation",
"differentiation"
] | B | Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
What do we call the most widely accepted cosmological explanation of how the universe formed? | [
"singularity theory",
"big light theory",
"big bang theory",
"big crunch theory"
] | C | There is a great deal of evidence that the Universe started with a big bang. The Big Bang theory is the most widely accepted cosmological explanation of how the Universe formed. Think about the expanding Universe, then reverse it. If we start at the present and go back into the past, the Universe gets smaller. What is ... | train | sciq | null |
Angiosperms possess reproductive structures that attract animals that perform what role? | [
"vegetation",
"evolution",
"pollination",
"isolation"
] | C | structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of tissue consists of trabeculae and forms the inner layer of all bones? | [
"corregated bone tissue",
"flotsam bone tissue",
"denser bone tissue",
"spongy bone tissue"
] | D | Chapter 38 1 Figure 38.19B 3 Figure 38.38 In the presence of Sarin, acetycholine is not removed from the synapse, resulting in continuous stimulation of the muscle plasma membrane. At first, muscle activity is intense and uncontrolled, but the ion gradients dissipate, so electrical signals in the T-tubules are no longe... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most important factor in determining the type of soil that forms in a particular area? | [
"altitude",
"landscape",
"climate",
"migration"
] | C | Climate is the most important factor in determining the type of soil that forms in a particular area. | train | sciq | null |
Energy constantly changes back and forth between kinetic and what type of energy? | [
"potential",
"physical",
"mechanical",
"practical"
] | A | Energy also constantly changes back and forth between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. For example, a ball falling through the air has kinetic energy because it is moving ( Figure below ). The random motion of molecules is due to kinetic energy, and the driving force behind diffus... | train | sciq | null |
The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion is called what? | [
"inertia",
"isolation",
"kenetic force",
"stabilization"
] | A | Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. All objects have inertia, whether they are stationary or moving. Inertia explains Newton’s first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted on by an unbalance... | train | sciq | null |
When land used for mining or other purposes is restored to its natural state, what do you call the process, which is often mandated by law? | [
"removal",
"irrigation",
"reclamation",
"urban renewal"
] | C | U. S. law states that once mining is complete, the land must be restored to its natural state. This process is called reclamation . A pit may be refilled with dirt. It may be filled with water to create a lake. The pits may be turned into landfills. Underground mines may be sealed off or left open as homes for bats. Th... | train | sciq | null |
There are how many visual clues to indicate a chemical reaction? | [
"three",
"seven",
"four",
"five"
] | C | chemical reaction: Involves a transfer of energy. There are four visual clues to indicate a chemical reaction. | train | sciq | null |
Genetic traits are characteristics encoded in what? | [
"rna",
"dna",
"bacteria",
"nuclei"
] | B | Characteristics that are encoded in DNA are called genetic traits . Different types of human traits are inherited in different ways. Some human traits have simple inheritance patterns like the traits that Gregor Mendel studied in pea plants. Other human traits have more complex inheritance patterns. | train | sciq | null |
In 1802, charles and gay-lussac both proposed that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, what is directly proportional to its absolute temperature? | [
"density",
"volume",
"liquid",
"air"
] | B | Various studies were done on the effects of temperature changes on both pressure and volume by two prominent French scientists, Jacques Charles (1746-1823) and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850). In 1802, Charles and Gay-Lussac both proposed that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume is directly... | train | sciq | null |
What material is transported in a process called longshore drift? | [
"sediment",
"foods",
"grass",
"boats"
] | A | The transport of sediments by longshore currents is called longshore drift . Longshore drift is created in this way: Sediment is moved up the beach by an incoming wave. The wave approaches at an angle to the shore. Water then moves straight offshore. The sediment moves straight down the beach with it. The sediment is a... | train | sciq | null |
What has has revolutionized biological and biomedical research and applications? | [
"Compound chain reaction",
"polymerase chain reaction",
"synthesis chain reaction",
"organism chain reaction"
] | B | Use a machine. The polymerase chain reaction has revolutionized biological and biomedical research and applications. Luckily many machines have been developed that allow this process to be performed rapidly and with precision. | train | sciq | null |
Electrons are organized into shells and subshells about the nucleus of this? | [
"element",
"compound",
"molecule",
"atom"
] | D | Electrons are organized into shells and subshells about the nucleus of an atom. | train | sciq | null |
What is the double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus? | [
"energy fold",
"nuclear fold",
"nuclear envelope",
"energy envelope"
] | C | The Nuclear Envelope The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus ( Figure 4.11). Both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are phospholipid bilayers. The nuclear envelope is punctuated with pores that control the passage of ions, molecules, ... | train | sciq | null |
Each daughter cell represents one outcome of all possible combinations of maternal and paternal what? | [
"chromosomes",
"alleles",
"traits",
"genes"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is the science of classifying the many organisms on earth called? | [
"general classification",
"taxonomy",
"methodology",
"terminology"
] | B | The evolution of life on Earth over the past 4 billion years has resulted in a huge variety of species. For more than 2,000 years, humans have been trying to classify the great diversity of life. The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy. Classification is an important step in understanding the present di... | train | sciq | null |
Platelets play a role in what cascade of reactions that converts plasma fibrinogen to fibrin? | [
"sickle cell anemia",
"blood clotting",
"bleeding",
"hemophilia"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What force includes forces of attraction and repulsion? | [
"centripetal force",
"gravitational force",
"molecular force",
"magnetic force"
] | D | The force that a magnet exerts is called magnetic force. The force is exerted over a distance and includes forces of attraction and repulsion. A magnet can exert force over a distance because the magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field. | train | sciq | null |
How many atoms of oxygen does silicon dioxide contain? | [
"two",
"one",
"six",
"three"
] | A | The name silicon dioxide implies one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms, so the formula is SiO2. We have a name that has numerical prefixes on both elements. Tri- means three, and tetrameans four, so the formula of this compound is Si3N4. | train | sciq | null |
A transformer has two coils, electrically insulated from each other. one coil is called the primary coil and the other is called the what? | [
"secondary coil",
"quadratic coil",
"tertiary coil",
"young coil"
] | A | A transformer has two coils, electrically insulated from each other. One coil is called the primary coil and the other is called the secondary coil. | train | sciq | null |
What state of matter is characterized by tiny particles separated by large distances, which do not experience any force of attraction or repulsion with each other? | [
"steam",
"emissions",
"gas",
"liquids"
] | C | Gases are composed of tiny particles that are separated by large distances. Gas particles are constantly moving, experiencing collisions with other gas particles and the walls of their container. The velocity of gas particles is related to the temperature of a gas. Gas particles do not experience any force of attractio... | train | sciq | null |
Where are unsaturated fatty acids commonly found? | [
"fish",
"oil",
"butter",
"animal products"
] | B | Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. As a result, some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. They are unsaturated with hydrogens. Unsaturated fatty acids are found in oils. | train | sciq | null |
Why is gingko biloba planted in public spaces? | [
"resistant to pollution",
"self-containing",
"self-pollinating",
"for xeriscaping"
] | A | Gingkophytes The single surviving species of the gingkophytes group is the Gingko biloba (Figure 26.11). Its fan-shaped leaves—unique among seed plants because they feature a dichotomous venation pattern—turn yellow in autumn and fall from the tree. For centuries, G. biloba was cultivated by Chinese Buddhist monks in m... | train | sciq | null |
What term means a representation of an object, system, or process? | [
"model",
"presentation",
"icon",
"pattern"
] | A | A model is a representation of an object, system, or process. For example, a road map is a representation of an actual system of roads on the ground. Models are very useful in science. They provide a way to investigate things that are too small, large, complex, or distant to investigate directly. To be useful, a model ... | train | sciq | null |
What makes metals shiny? | [
"light characterization",
"light energy",
"light reflection",
"light expansion"
] | C | Metals are generally shiny. This is because they reflect much of the light that strikes them. The mercury pictured above is very shiny. | train | sciq | null |
What are materials that have high resistance to electric current called? | [
"power insulators",
"motion reducers",
"electric insulators",
"cooling insulators"
] | C | Materials that have high resistance to electric current are called electric insulators . Wood, rubber, and plastic are examples of electric insulators. Dry air is also an electric insulator. | train | sciq | null |
Which system in your body stores urine and is controlled by the nervous system? | [
"digestive system",
"urinary system",
"muscular system",
"cardiovascular system"
] | B | The urinary system has roles you may be well aware of: cleansing the blood and ridding the body of wastes probably come to mind. However, there are additional, equally important functions played by the system. Take for example, regulation of pH, a function shared with the lungs and the buffers in the blood. Additionall... | train | sciq | null |
Which type of isomers generally have lower boiling and melting points than straight-chain isomers? | [
"branched - solar isomers",
"straight-chain isomers",
"branched-chain isomers",
"branched-looping isomers"
] | C | Because isomers are different compounds, they have different properties. Generally, branched-chain isomers have lower boiling and melting points than straight-chain isomers. For example, the boiling and melting points of iso -butane are -12 °C and -160 °C, respectively, compared with 0 °C and -138 °C for n -butane. The... | train | sciq | null |
Which temperature scale is commonly used in science? | [
"kelvin scale",
"centigrade",
"celsius",
"ph scale"
] | A | one degree Fahrenheit. Only 100 Celsius degrees span the same range as 180 Fahrenheit degrees, thus one degree on the Celsius scale is 1.8 times larger than one degree on the Fahrenheit scale 180 / 100 = 9 / 5. The Kelvin scale is the temperature scale that is commonly used in science. It is an absolute temperature sca... | train | sciq | null |
What is required for both the synthesis and breakdown of molecules? | [
"mixing",
"energy",
"heating",
"sunlight"
] | B | Introduction Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy. Energy is needed to perform heavy labor and exercise, but humans also use a great deal of energy while thinking, and even during sleep. In fact, the living cells of every organism constantly use energy. Nutrients and other molecules are im... | train | sciq | null |
Parasites usually harm their hosts (or they wouldn't be parasites), but what do they usually stop short of doing? | [
"reproducing with hosts",
"killing their host",
"mutating their hosts",
"benefiting their hosts"
] | B | Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. It’s easy to see why. If a parasite kills its host, the parasite may also die. Instead, parasites usually cause relatively minor damage to their host. | train | sciq | null |
What basic structures are the site of all the life functions of an organism? | [
"lipids",
"genes",
"cells",
"proteins"
] | C | all the life functions of an organism occur within cells,. | train | sciq | null |
From where have the earliest ocean plants thought to have evolved? | [
"simple coral ancestor",
"green pepinia ancestor",
"green alga ancestor",
"simple alga ancestor"
] | C | The earliest plants are thought to have evolved in the ocean from a green alga ancestor. Plants were among the earliest organisms to leave the water and colonize land. The evolution of vascular tissues allowed plants to grow larger and thrive on land. The evolution of seeds and pollen allowed them to reproduce on land ... | train | sciq | null |
The liver has three main components: hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, and this? | [
"blood sinusoids",
"coronary sinusoids",
"hepatic sinusoids",
"tissue sinusoids"
] | C | Histology The liver has three main components: hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, and hepatic sinusoids. A hepatocyte is the liver’s main cell type, accounting for around 80 percent of the liver's volume. These cells play a role in a wide variety of secretory, metabolic, and endocrine functions. Plates of hepatocytes called... | train | sciq | null |
What bone is is one of a pair that together form the upper jaw, much of the hard palate, the medial floor of the orbit, and the lateral base of the nose? | [
"maxillary bone",
"mandibular bone",
"mastoid process",
"nasal bone"
] | A | Maxillary Bone The maxillary bone, often referred to simply as the maxilla (plural = maxillae), is one of a pair that together form the upper jaw, much of the hard palate, the medial floor of the orbit, and the lateral base of the nose (see Figure 7.4). The curved, inferior margin of the maxillary bone that forms the u... | train | sciq | null |
When a rock is altered by heat from a nearby magma, what occurs? | [
"sublimation",
"evaporation",
"form metamorphism",
"contact metamorphism"
] | D | Contact metamorphism occurs when a rock is altered by heat from a nearby magma. | train | sciq | null |
Which is one of the most complicated parts of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells? | [
"start of transcription",
"aftermath of transcription",
"end of transcription",
"middle of transcription"
] | A | In eukaryotic cells, the start of transcription is one of the most complicated parts of gene regulation. There may be many regulatory proteins and regulatory elements involved. Regulation may also involve enhancers. Enhancers are distant regions of DNA that can loop back to interact with a gene’s promoter. | train | sciq | null |
How is thermal energy transferred in every-day, real life situations, such as holding a warm cup? | [
"decomposition",
"oxidation",
"condensation",
"conduction"
] | D | A: Thermal energy is transferred by conduction from the hot iron to the shirt, from the hot cup to the hand holding it, from the flame of the camp stove to the bottom of the pot as well as from the bottom of the pot to the food inside, and from the feet to the snow. The shirt, hand, pot, food, and snow become warmer be... | train | sciq | null |
What consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions? | [
"macroevolution",
"ecosystem",
"habitat",
"community"
] | B | An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions. | train | sciq | null |
What is the theory scientists use to explain the matter in the universe and how it's held together? | [
"standard model",
"specific model",
"original model",
"organic model"
] | A | Based on their knowledge of subatomic particles, scientists have developed a theory called the standard model to explain all the matter in the universe and how it is held together. The model includes only the fundamental particles in the Table above . No other particles are needed to explain all kinds of matter. Accord... | train | sciq | null |
In what group of animals several forms of asexual reproduction are found? | [
"insects",
"invertebrates",
"arthropods",
"crustaceans"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
After the amino acid molecule has been bound to its what, protein synthesis can take place? | [
"base",
"trna carrier",
"RNA receptor",
"dna molecule"
] | B | How can a molecule containing just 4 different nucleotides specify the sequence of the 20 amino acids that occur in proteins? If each nucleotide coded for 1 amino acid, then obviously the nucleic acids could code for only 4 amino acids. What if amino acids were coded for by groups of 2 nucleotides? There are 42, or 16,... | train | sciq | null |
The conversion of food that is consumed to nutrients involves what two major processes: | [
"absorption and excretion",
"secrete and absorption",
"digestion and absorption",
"untangling and absorption"
] | C | 16.2 | Digestive System By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the processes of digestion and absorption • Explain the specialized functions of the organs involved in processing food in the body • Describe the ways in which organs work together to digest food and absorb nutrients • Describe the esse... | train | sciq | null |
What is the unsorted pile of material dropped by glaciers called? | [
"landfill",
"glacial runoff",
"glacial till",
"icy deposit"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Each proton has how many units of positive charge? | [
"two",
"one",
"zero",
"three"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Because charges must have an unbroken path to follow, electric current cannot flow through a material unless it forms what? | [
"complete loop",
"total loop",
"closed area",
"closed loop"
] | D | Look at the battery and light bulb in Figure below . The light bulb works and it’s connected to the battery, but it won’t light. The problem is the loose wire on the left. It must be connected to the positive terminal of the battery in order for the bulb to light up. The reason? Electric current can flow through a mate... | train | sciq | null |
In living systems, diffusion of substances into and out of cells is mediated by the what membrane? | [
"ferment",
"fluid",
"gas",
"plasma"
] | D | affect the rate of diffusion, including concentration gradient, size of the particles that are diffusing, temperature of the system, and so on. In living systems, diffusion of substances into and out of cells is mediated by the plasma membrane. Some materials diffuse readily through the membrane, but others are hindere... | train | sciq | null |
Ancient greeks mistook what simple sedentary animals for plants? | [
"corals",
"fungi",
"sponges",
"parasites"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What trimester is associated with rapid fetal growth? | [
"fourth trimester",
"third trimester",
"first trimester",
"second trimester"
] | B | Figure 43.21 There is rapid fetal growth during the third trimester. (credit: modification of work by Gray’s Anatomy). | train | sciq | null |
What are all scientific explanations and interpretations based on? | [
"changes",
"theories",
"facts",
"controls"
] | C | All scientific explanations and interpretations are based on facts. | train | sciq | null |
What is the process in which an atom becomes an ion known as? | [
"electrification",
"oxidation",
"evaporation",
"ionization"
] | D | The process in which an atom becomes an ion is called ionization. It may occur when atoms are exposed to high levels of radiation. The radiation may give their outer electrons enough energy to escape from the attraction of the positive nucleus. However, most ions form when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atom... | train | sciq | null |
What are two examples of lipids? | [
"defects and oils",
"fats and oils",
"adipose tissue and olive oil",
"vitamins and fatty acid"
] | B | Lipids are organic compounds such as fats and oils. They store energy and help form cell membranes in addition to having other functions in organisms. | train | sciq | null |
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