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If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?
[ "12 atoms of carbon [C]", "6 atoms of carbon [C]", "3 atoms of carbon [C]", "2 atoms of carbon [C]" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which object refracts light?
[ "mirror", "silver spoon", "foil", "glass prism" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?
[ "circulatory system", "muscular system", "digestive system", "nervous system" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?
[ "fire", "tornado", "landslide", "earthquake" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should
[ "collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "accept the paper as fact.", "ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?
[ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?
[ "burning coal", "growing crops", "using solar energy cells", "constructing nuclear power plants" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?
[ "consumers", "decomposers", "predators", "producers" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
[ "mass", "friction", "gravity", "speed" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?
[ "earthquake activity", "landslide", "volcanic eruption", "weathering" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was
[ "a conclusion", "a fact", "an observation", "a prediction" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
[ "Balance", "Meter stick", "Thermometer", "Graduated cylinder" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is
[ "solid at room temperature.", "liquid at room temperature.", "lighter than all other metals.", "heavier than all other metals." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?
[ "Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "The pesticides may break down quickly.", "Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "The pesticide will increase the plant production." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?
[ "while Earth's continents were joined", "while Earth's habitats were stable", "before major climatic changes", "following mass extinctions" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?
[ "a long scar", "brown eyes", "missing teeth", "a broken antler" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
[ "brain", "organ", "neuron", "spinal cord" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?
[ "to attract potential mates", "to distract potential predators", "to help catch food", "to preserve warmth" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?
[ "flow chart", "line graph", "pictograph", "pie chart" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?
[ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie graph", "a picture graph" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except
[ "surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "releasing waste products from the cell.", "producing energy for cell processes.", "allowing gases to enter the cell." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?
[ "fur color", "hunting skills", "feeding behavior", "sleeping routine" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
[ "a wax crayon", "a plastic spoon", "a rubber eraser", "an iron nail" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?
[ "They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "They were squeezed up through the soil.", "They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?
[ "to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "to understand how that disease affects the human body", "to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When can producers make the most food?
[ "summer, because there is more sunlight", "summer, because there is more heat", "spring, because there is more rain", "spring, because there are more leaves" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?
[ "stomach and intestines", "spinal cord and brain", "arteries and veins", "kidneys and liver" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?
[ "Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "Decomposition adds water to soil.", "Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?
[ "From the Earth's gravity", "From the Sun's light", "From the heat in the Earth's core", "From the air's carbon dioxide" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?
[ "weight of the ball", "energy of the ball", "acceleration of the ball", "inertia of the ball" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?
[ "forests", "oceans", "prairies", "mountains" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of
[ "wood", "plastic", "cardboard", "metal" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which explains the pattern of day and night?
[ "Earth orbits the sun.", "Earth spins on its axis.", "The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?
[ "mine more coal", "reduce car pollution", "produce more gasoline", "reduce electricity use" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?
[ "red giant", "supernova", "neutron star", "white dwarf" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?
[ "layers of sandstone", "igneous intrusions", "lava beds", "mountains with gneiss" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?
[ "biosphere to lithosphere", "atmosphere to lithosphere", "hydrosphere to atmosphere", "biosphere to atmosphere" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?
[ "slow", "fast", "decreasing", "increasing" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into
[ "chemical energy.", "electrical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "potential energy." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?
[ "Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What motion causes day and night?
[ "revolution of Earth", "revolution of the Moon", "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Moon" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?
[ "tides", "eclipses", "length of year", "change of seasons" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In an earthquake, the primary waves move through
[ "air", "water", "soil", "rock" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following is the major cause of tides?
[ "heating of the oceans by the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Moon", "earthquakes on the ocean floor", "changes in wind direction" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to
[ "cold temperatures", "hot temperatures", "a shortage of food", "a shortage of drinking water" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?
[ "tropism", "succession", "gradualism", "eutrophication" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?
[ "a drought", "wind erosion", "an earthquake", "water pollution" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into
[ "chemical energy.", "nuclear energy.", "mechanical energy.", "kinetic energy." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?
[ "food made by the plant", "water needed by the plant", "pollen for plant reproduction", "carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?
[ "Bean plants come in many types.", "Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "All bean plants are related to each other.", "Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass
[ "increases.", "decreases.", "is destroyed.", "stays the same." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?
[ "chisel", "pliers", "sander", "saw" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?
[ "low temperature and high pressure", "high temperature and high pressure", "low temperature and low pressure", "high temperature and low pressure" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds
[ "fly south", "find food", "protect their young", "survive the winter" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?
[ "balance", "ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and
[ "make food", "produce fruit", "take in water and nutrients", "aid in germination" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single
[ "egg.", "sperm.", "virus.", "parent." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?
[ "electrical energy to light and heat energy", "light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "heat energy to electrical and light energy", "electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?
[ "evaporation", "freezing", "condensation", "melting" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?
[ "the uppermost complete row of the table", "the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "the column at the far left side of the table", "the second column from the right side of the table" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?
[ "Alfred Wegener", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Richter", "Charles Darwin" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?
[ "hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?
[ "a notebook and a calculator", "a telescope and a computer", "a calculator and a microscope", "a microscope and a telescope" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?
[ "the Sun and Earth", "the Moon and Earth", "the inner and outer planets", "the Sun and the closest star" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?
[ "tropical storms", "increase in predators", "habitat loss", "warmer temperatures" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?
[ "by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "by sending a signal to other chameleons", "by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to
[ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?
[ "wide riverbeds", "U-shaped valleys", "underground caves", "groundwater springs" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?
[ "Burn their trash", "Plant native plants", "Feed leftover meals to deer", "Drain automobile oil into the grass" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?
[ "write a paragraph", "make a line graph", "develop a formula", "create a table" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of
[ "iron.", "nickel.", "carbon.", "silicon." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?
[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?
[ "shape", "size", "speed", "weight" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?
[ "net, gloves, specimen bags", "beaker, calculator, graph paper", "microscope, eye dropper, slides", "measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it
[ "explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "explained the mineral differences between continents." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?
[ "Data can be compared.", "Time can be decreased.", "Equipment can be added.", "Procedures can be changed." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?
[ "volume", "specific heat", "conductivity", "chemical energy" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?
[ "spring", "summer", "fall", "winter" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which force produces energy as heat?
[ "pull", "gravity", "friction", "magnetic" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?
[ "chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "average temperatures increased in the region", "depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements
[ "have the same reactivity.", "decrease in atomic mass.", "increase in atomic number.", "have the same number of electrons." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a
[ "battery.", "photocell.", "photo generator.", "photovoltaic cell." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?
[ "used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?
[ "only the bees", "only the flowering plants", "both the bees and the flowering plants", "neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?
[ "asteroids", "meteorites", "comets", "moons" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?
[ "The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "The theory explains a number of related observations.", "The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely
[ "reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "increase the temperature of the soil." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?
[ "the development of thinner wires", "the invention of lithium batteries", "mass production of pacemaker parts", "reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?
[ "The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "The wind blows the balloon upward." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?
[ "eating and moving", "moving and digesting", "digesting and excreting", "excreting and eating" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The reading on a barometer rises when the air
[ "pressure increases.", "pressure decreases.", "speed increases.", "speed decreases." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?
[ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's
[ "electric charge.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "electron number." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a
[ "magnetic field.", "gravitational field.", "steel sphere.", "copper sphere." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Deer live in forest for shelter. If the forest was cut down, which situation would most likely happen?
[ "The deer would find shelter in a different habitat.", "The deer would wait for the forest to grow back.", "The deer would move to another forest area.", "The deer would change the type of foods they eat." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware?
[ "poor conductor of heat", "good conductor of heat", "low flexibility", "high flexibility" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
[ "The offspring have half the amount of genetic material as the parents.", "The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.", "The female offspring contain only genes from the mother.", "The male offspring contain only genes from the father." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria?
[ "allowing them to reproduce freely", "changing their food source", "using biotechnology techniques", "growing them on selected plants" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog?
[ "eyes", "heart", "lungs", "tail" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?
[ "fan", "oil", "gasoline", "battery" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy