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"abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has swept across more than 180 countries and territories since late January 2020. As a worldwide emergency response, governments have implemented various measures and policies, such as self-quarantine, travel restrictions, work from home, and regional lockdown, to control the spread of the epidemic. These countermeasures seek to restrict human mobility because COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is spread by human-to-human transmission. Medical experts and policymakers have expressed the urgency to effectively evaluate the outcome of human restriction policies with the aid of big data and information technology. Thus, based on big human mobility data and city POI data, an interactive visual analytics system called Epidemic Mobility (EpiMob) was designed in this study. The system interactively simulates the changes in human mobility and infection status in response to the implementation of a certain restriction policy or a combination of policies (e.g., regional lockdown, telecommuting, screening). Users can conveniently designate the spatial and temporal ranges for different mobility restriction policies. Then, the results reflecting the infection situation under different policies are dynamically displayed and can be flexibly compared and analyzed in depth. Multiple case studies consisting of interviews with domain experts were conducted in the largest metropolitan area of Japan (i.e., Greater Tokyo Area) to demonstrate that the system can provide insight into the effects of different human mobility restriction policies for epidemic control, through measurements and comparisons.",
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{
"givenName": "Chuang",
"surname": "Yang",
"fullName": "Chuang Yang",
"affiliation": "Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 13143 Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan",
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"givenName": "Zhiwen",
"surname": "Zhang",
"fullName": "Zhiwen Zhang",
"affiliation": "Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 13143 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan",
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{
"givenName": "Zipei",
"surname": "Fan",
"fullName": "Zipei Fan",
"affiliation": "Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 13143 Bunkyo-ku, Chiba, Japan, 113-0033",
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{
"givenName": "Renhe",
"surname": "Jiang",
"fullName": "Renhe Jiang",
"affiliation": "Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, 13143 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033",
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{
"givenName": "Quanjun",
"surname": "Chen",
"fullName": "Quanjun Chen",
"affiliation": "Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 13143 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan",
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{
"givenName": "Xuan",
"surname": "Song",
"fullName": "Xuan Song",
"affiliation": "Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 13143 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033",
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"givenName": "Ryosuke",
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"fullName": "Ryosuke Shibasaki",
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"abstract": "Sao Paulo is the largest city in South America, with crime rates that reflect its size. The number and type of crimes vary considerably around the city, assuming different patterns depending on urban and social characteristics of each particular location. Previous works have mostly focused on the analysis of crimes with the intent of uncovering patterns associated to social factors, seasonality, and urban routine activities. Therefore, those studies and tools are more global in the sense that they are not designed to investigate specific regions of the city such as particular neighborhoods, avenues, or public areas. Tools able to explore specific locations of the city are essential for domain experts to accomplish their analysis in a bottom-up fashion, revealing how urban features related to mobility, passersby behavior, and presence of public infrastructures (e.g., terminals of public transportation and schools) can influence the quantity and type of crimes. In this paper, we present CrimAnalyzer, a visual analytic tool that allows users to study the behavior of crimes in specific regions of a city. The system allows users to identify local hotspots and the pattern of crimes associated to them, while still showing how hotspots and corresponding crime patterns change overtime. CrimAnalyzer has been developed from the needs of a team of experts in criminology and deals with three major challenges: i) flexibility to explore local regions and understand their crime patterns, ii) identification of spatial crime hotspots that might not be the most prevalent ones in terms of the number of crimes but that are important enough to be investigated, and iii) understand the dynamic of crime patterns overtime. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed system are demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as by case studies run by domain experts involving real data. The experiments show the capability of CrimAnalyzer in identifying crime-related phenomena.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "Sao Paulo is the largest city in South America, with crime rates that reflect its size. The number and type of crimes vary considerably around the city, assuming different patterns depending on urban and social characteristics of each particular location. Previous works have mostly focused on the analysis of crimes with the intent of uncovering patterns associated to social factors, seasonality, and urban routine activities. Therefore, those studies and tools are more global in the sense that they are not designed to investigate specific regions of the city such as particular neighborhoods, avenues, or public areas. Tools able to explore specific locations of the city are essential for domain experts to accomplish their analysis in a bottom-up fashion, revealing how urban features related to mobility, passersby behavior, and presence of public infrastructures (e.g., terminals of public transportation and schools) can influence the quantity and type of crimes. In this paper, we present CrimAnalyzer, a visual analytic tool that allows users to study the behavior of crimes in specific regions of a city. The system allows users to identify local hotspots and the pattern of crimes associated to them, while still showing how hotspots and corresponding crime patterns change overtime. CrimAnalyzer has been developed from the needs of a team of experts in criminology and deals with three major challenges: i) flexibility to explore local regions and understand their crime patterns, ii) identification of spatial crime hotspots that might not be the most prevalent ones in terms of the number of crimes but that are important enough to be investigated, and iii) understand the dynamic of crime patterns overtime. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed system are demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as by case studies run by domain experts involving real data. The experiments show the capability of CrimAnalyzer in identifying crime-related phenomena.",
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"title": "CrimAnalyzer: Understanding Crime Patterns in São Paulo",
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"givenName": "Germain",
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"abstract": "QuteVis uses multisketch query and visualization to discover specific times and days in history with specified joint traffic patterns at different city locations. Users can use touch input devices to define, edit, and modify multiple sketches on a city map. A set of visualizations and interactions is provided to help users browse and compare retrieved traffic situations and discover potential influential factors. QuteVis is built upon a transport database that integrates heterogeneous data sources with an optimized spatial indexing and weighted similarity computation. An evaluation with real-world data and domain experts demonstrates that QuteVis is useful in urban transportation applications in modern cities.",
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"content": "QuteVis uses multisketch query and visualization to discover specific times and days in history with specified joint traffic patterns at different city locations. Users can use touch input devices to define, edit, and modify multiple sketches on a city map. A set of visualizations and interactions is provided to help users browse and compare retrieved traffic situations and discover potential influential factors. QuteVis is built upon a transport database that integrates heterogeneous data sources with an optimized spatial indexing and weighted similarity computation. An evaluation with real-world data and domain experts demonstrates that QuteVis is useful in urban transportation applications in modern cities.",
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"title": "QuteVis: Visually Studying Transportation Patterns Using Multisketch Query of Joint Traffic Situations",
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"content": "Segmenting bioimage based filaments is a critical step in a wide range of applications, including neuron reconstruction and blood vessel tracing. To achieve an acceptable segmentation performance, most of the existing methods need to annotate amounts of filamentary images in the training stage. Hence, these methods have to face the common challenge that the annotation cost is usually high. To address this problem, we propose an interactive segmentation method to actively select a few super-pixels for annotation, which can alleviate the burden of annotators. Specifically, we first apply a Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (i.e., SLIC) algorithm to segment filamentary images into compact and consistent super-pixels, and then propose a novel batch-mode based active learning method to select the most representative and informative (i.e., BMRI) super-pixels for pixel-level annotation. We then use a bagging strategy to extract several sets of pixels from the annotated super-pixels, and further use them to build different Laplacian Regularized Gaussian Mixture Models (Lap-GMM) for pixel-level segmentation. Finally, we perform the classifier ensemble by combining multiple Lap-GMM models based on a majority voting strategy. We evaluate our method on three public available filamentary image datasets. Experimental results show that, to achieve comparable performance with the existing methods, the proposed algorithm can save 40 percent annotation efforts for experts.",
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