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"abstract": "Petascale molecular dynamics simulations provide a powerful tool for probing the dynamics of cellular processes at atomic and nanosecond resolution not achievable by experimental methods alone. Extraction of details about the dynamics of biomolecules from terabytes of simulation output requires powerful user-extensible molecular analysis and visualization tools. Petascale simulation trajectories are so large that it is now necessary to perform many analysis and visualization tasks formerly handled by off-site computational facilities in-place on the supercomputer itself. We report ongoing progress on porting, tuning, and scaling up the popular molecular visualization and analysis program VMD on the NSF Blue Waters petascale supercomputer. We describe key achievements including algorithmic and memory efficiency improvements, hand-vectorization of key CPU algorithms, new and improved GPU analysis and visualization algorithms, and parallel I/O performance results. We evaluate the performance of VMD for user-developed analysis scripts with the TIMELINE trajectory analysis tool in VMD. Finally, we describe the unique capabilities provided by the Cray XK7 GPU-accelerated compute partition of Blue Waters.",
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"content": "Petascale molecular dynamics simulations provide a powerful tool for probing the dynamics of cellular processes at atomic and nanosecond resolution not achievable by experimental methods alone. Extraction of details about the dynamics of biomolecules from terabytes of simulation output requires powerful user-extensible molecular analysis and visualization tools. Petascale simulation trajectories are so large that it is now necessary to perform many analysis and visualization tasks formerly handled by off-site computational facilities in-place on the supercomputer itself. We report ongoing progress on porting, tuning, and scaling up the popular molecular visualization and analysis program VMD on the NSF Blue Waters petascale supercomputer. We describe key achievements including algorithmic and memory efficiency improvements, hand-vectorization of key CPU algorithms, new and improved GPU analysis and visualization algorithms, and parallel I/O performance results. We evaluate the performance of VMD for user-developed analysis scripts with the TIMELINE trajectory analysis tool in VMD. Finally, we describe the unique capabilities provided by the Cray XK7 GPU-accelerated compute partition of Blue Waters.",
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"title": "2019 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Multimedia Big Data (BigMM)",
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"title": "TraV: An Interactive Exploration System for Massive Trajectory Data",
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"abstract": "The proliferation of modern GPS-enabled devices like smartphones have led to significant research interest in large-scale trajectory exploration, which aims to identify all nearby trajectories of a given input trajectory. Trajectory exploration is useful in many scenarios, for example, in identifying incorrect road network information or in assisting users when traveling in unfamiliar geographical regions as it can reveal the popularity of certain routes/trajectories. In this study, we develop an interactive trajectory exploration system, named TraV. TraV allows users to easily plot and explore trajectories using an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) containing a map of the geographical region. TraV applies the Hidden Markov Model to calibrate the user input trajectory and then makes use of the massively parallel execution capabilities of modern hardware to quickly identify nearby trajectories to the input provided by the user. In order to ensure a seamless user experience, TraV adopts a progressive execution model that contrasts to the conventional query-before-process model. Demonstration participants will gain experience with TraV and its ability to calibrate user input and analyze billions of trajectories obtained from Grab drivers in Singapore.",
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"content": "The proliferation of modern GPS-enabled devices like smartphones have led to significant research interest in large-scale trajectory exploration, which aims to identify all nearby trajectories of a given input trajectory. Trajectory exploration is useful in many scenarios, for example, in identifying incorrect road network information or in assisting users when traveling in unfamiliar geographical regions as it can reveal the popularity of certain routes/trajectories. In this study, we develop an interactive trajectory exploration system, named TraV. TraV allows users to easily plot and explore trajectories using an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) containing a map of the geographical region. TraV applies the Hidden Markov Model to calibrate the user input trajectory and then makes use of the massively parallel execution capabilities of modern hardware to quickly identify nearby trajectories to the input provided by the user. In order to ensure a seamless user experience, TraV adopts a progressive execution model that contrasts to the conventional query-before-process model. Demonstration participants will gain experience with TraV and its ability to calibrate user input and analyze billions of trajectories obtained from Grab drivers in Singapore.",
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"affiliation": "National University of Singapore",
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"affiliation": "National University of Singapore",
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"fullName": "Shuhao Zhang",
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"affiliation": "National University of Singapore",
"fullName": "Bingsheng He",
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"title": "2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)",
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"title": "The Trajectron: Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Modeling With Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graphs",
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"abstract": "Developing safe human-robot interaction systems is a necessary step towards the widespread integration of autonomous agents in society. A key component of such systems is the ability to reason about the many potential futures (e.g. trajectories) of other agents in the scene. Towards this end, we present the Trajectron, a graph-structured model that predicts many potential future trajectories of multiple agents simultaneously in both highly dynamic and multimodal scenarios (i.e. where the number of agents in the scene is time-varying and there are many possible highly-distinct futures for each agent). It combines tools from recurrent sequence modeling and variational deep generative modeling to produce a distribution of future trajectories for each agent in a scene. We demonstrate the performance of our model on several datasets, obtaining state-of-the-art results on standard trajectory prediction metrics as well as introducing a new metric for comparing models that output distributions.",
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"content": "Developing safe human-robot interaction systems is a necessary step towards the widespread integration of autonomous agents in society. A key component of such systems is the ability to reason about the many potential futures (e.g. trajectories) of other agents in the scene. Towards this end, we present the Trajectron, a graph-structured model that predicts many potential future trajectories of multiple agents simultaneously in both highly dynamic and multimodal scenarios (i.e. where the number of agents in the scene is time-varying and there are many possible highly-distinct futures for each agent). It combines tools from recurrent sequence modeling and variational deep generative modeling to produce a distribution of future trajectories for each agent in a scene. We demonstrate the performance of our model on several datasets, obtaining state-of-the-art results on standard trajectory prediction metrics as well as introducing a new metric for comparing models that output distributions.",
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"affiliation": "Stanford University",
"fullName": "Boris Ivanovic",
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{
"affiliation": "Stanford University",
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"abstract": "WebGL is one of the most promising implementations of 3D visualization and can be accessed across platforms. However, rendering a large scene using WebGL requires a lot of computational overhead because every vertex of the model in the scene needs to be calculated. Traditional WebGL rendering solutions include discrete and continuous Levels of Detail (LOD) algorithms. Discrete algorithms display models with different details in segments, causing the problem of model mutation. Although continuous algorithms can generate models with similar details to solve the problem of model mutation, the model distortion problem is introduced when the model details are low. In this paper, a Class Continuous LOD (CCLOD) algorithm for lightweight rendering is proposed, which dynamically adjusts model details according to the visual distance, and reduces the computational overhead of rendering by reducing model details while keeping consistent visual effect. In order to solve the problem of model mutation and distortion in the LOD algorithm, the CCLOD algorithm puts forward relevant constraints on the process of adjusting model details. According to these constraints, a collapse proportion generation algorithm is proposed. The collapse proportion is generated by using the distance between objects, and the low-cost triangles of the model are deleted according to the collapse proportion to generate a model with continuous details. It makes the transition between multi-level models smoother to avoid model mutation and limits the max-imum collapse ratio to avoid model distortion. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional LOD algorithm, the CCLOD algorithm reduces the number of triangles by 12.66% and the video memory usage by 17.5%.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the performance of Fortran, C, Python, and Julia based GPU accelerated meshfree solvers for compressible flows. The programming model CUDA is used to develop the GPU codes. The meshfree solver is based on the least squares kinetic upwind method with entropy variables (q-LSKUM). To measure the performance of baseline codes, benchmark calculations are performed. The codes are then profiled to investigate the differences in their performance. Analysing various performance metrics for the computationally expensive flux residual kernel helped identify various bottlenecks in the codes. To resolve the bottlenecks, several optimisation techniques are employed. Post optimisation, the performance metrics have improved significantly, with the C GPU code exhibiting the best performance.",
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"abstract": "Interesting virtual environments that permit free exploration are rarely small. A number of techniques have been developed to allow people to walk in larger virtual spaces than permitted by physical extent of the virtual reality hardware, and in this paper we compare three such methods in terms of how they affect presence and spatial awareness. In our first psychophysical study, we compared two methods of reorientation and one method of redirected walking on subjects' presence and spatial memory while navigating a pre-specified path. We further compared the two reorientation methods in a second psychophysical study involving free exploration and navigation in a large virtual environment. Our results provide criteria by which the choice of a locomotion method for navigating large virtual environments may be selected.",
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"content": "Interesting virtual environments that permit free exploration are rarely small. A number of techniques have been developed to allow people to walk in larger virtual spaces than permitted by physical extent of the virtual reality hardware, and in this paper we compare three such methods in terms of how they affect presence and spatial awareness. In our first psychophysical study, we compared two methods of reorientation and one method of redirected walking on subjects' presence and spatial memory while navigating a pre-specified path. We further compared the two reorientation methods in a second psychophysical study involving free exploration and navigation in a large virtual environment. Our results provide criteria by which the choice of a locomotion method for navigating large virtual environments may be selected.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Inferring user profiles plays a pivotal role in various real-world scenarios. The rapid development of the online social media enables user profiling based on their interacted data. However, some user profiles are diverse and constantly changing. On the one hand, a number of new occupations are emerging, but only with few labeled users. This often leads to the class imbalance problem. On the other hand, there are some similar occupation classes which are difficult to distinguish. These issues bring new challenges to build the user profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel model, named MetaProfiling, to solve the few-shot user profiling problem, i.e., distinguishing occupation classes with few labeled users. Firstly, we extract multi-field features from multi-faceted user information, including user personal attributes and behavior attributes, to characterize users from different aspects. Then, we design a user embedding generator to learn an effective user embedding space by using the feature attention layer and the user embedding fusion layer. Finally, we design a margin-based user profiling classifier to effectively distinguish users from different classes, especially for the similar classes. Specifically, the classifier can enlarge the margin between the similar classes. Experiments on a real-world dataset from a question answering community validate that our approach can consistly outperform many baseline methods under both standard and generalized few-shot learning settings.",
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"abstract": "The objective of this paper is few-shot object detection (FSOD) - the task of expanding an object detector for a new category given only a few instances for training. We introduce a simple pseudo-labelling method to source high-quality pseudo-annotations from the training set, for each new category, vastly increasing the number of training instances and reducing class imbalance; our method finds previously unlabelled instances. Naively training with model predictions yields sub-optimal performance; we present two novel methods to improve the precision of the pseudo-labelling process: first, we introduce a verification technique to remove candidate detections with incorrect class labels; second, we train a specialised model to correct poor quality bounding boxes. After these two novel steps, we obtain a large set of high-quality pseudo-annotations that allow our final detector to be trained end-to-end. Additionally, we demonstrate our method maintains base class performance, and the utility of simple augmentations in FSOD. While benchmarking on PASCAL VOC and MS-COCO, our method achieves state-of-the-art or second-best performance compared to existing approaches across all number of shots.",
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"abstract": "An object-oriented codec for video transmission at very low bit rates is proposed. The object motion is modeled by quadratic transform for which the coefficients are estimated by the nonlinear quasi-Newton method. The segmentation problem is put forward as a constrained optimization problem which interacts with the motion estimation process in the course of region growing. A context-based shape coding method which takes into account the image synthesis error as well as the geometric distortion, is also proposed. Quantitative and subjective performance results of the codec on various test sequences are included.",
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"content": "An object-oriented codec for video transmission at very low bit rates is proposed. The object motion is modeled by quadratic transform for which the coefficients are estimated by the nonlinear quasi-Newton method. The segmentation problem is put forward as a constrained optimization problem which interacts with the motion estimation process in the course of region growing. A context-based shape coding method which takes into account the image synthesis error as well as the geometric distortion, is also proposed. Quantitative and subjective performance results of the codec on various test sequences are included.",
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"abstract": "Abstract: A geometric scheme for detecting, representing, and measuring 3D medical data is presented. The technique based on deforming 3D surfaces, represented via level-sets, towards the medical objects, according to intrinsic geometric measures of the data. The 3D medical object is represented as a (weighted) minimal surface in a Riemannian space whose metric is induced from the image. This minimal surface is computed using the level-set methodology for propagating interfaces, combined with a narrow band technique which allows fast implementation. This computation technique automatically handles topological changes. Measurements like volume and area are performed on the surface, exploiting the representation and the high accuracy intrinsic to the algorithm.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a method for adaptive refinement within an Integrated Mechanically Based CAE system. The system uses a mechanical B-Spline Finite Element model for both geometric design and mechanical analysis. A technique for locally refining a solution by B-Spline Finite Elements is presented hereafter. The key component in the proposed method is the linear coordinate transformation introduced into the refined element. The transformation is constructed in such a way that the transformed nodal configuration of the refined element is identical to the nodal configuration of the neighbor elements. Therefore, the assembly proceeds in the regular fashion, while the C0 continuity is forced along the inter-element boundary exactly.The proposed adaptive refinement method has been implemented both for surface and solid design without substantial differences in technical complexity. Its feasibility as applied to sculptured surface and solid objects is demonstrated by several examples.",
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"content": "This paper presents a method for adaptive refinement within an Integrated Mechanically Based CAE system. The system uses a mechanical B-Spline Finite Element model for both geometric design and mechanical analysis. A technique for locally refining a solution by B-Spline Finite Elements is presented hereafter. The key component in the proposed method is the linear coordinate transformation introduced into the refined element. The transformation is constructed in such a way that the transformed nodal configuration of the refined element is identical to the nodal configuration of the neighbor elements. Therefore, the assembly proceeds in the regular fashion, while the C0 continuity is forced along the inter-element boundary exactly.The proposed adaptive refinement method has been implemented both for surface and solid design without substantial differences in technical complexity. Its feasibility as applied to sculptured surface and solid objects is demonstrated by several examples.",
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"abstract": "This paper develops the method to approximate a parametric curve by an arc spline with a feature extraction process using Hough transform. This has been done to make the curve compatible with devices and applications which have limitations of parametric inputs. The proposed algorithm uses Hough transform technique to detect linear and circular-arc parts on the curve prioritizing the maximum arc length. Arc spline segments are then generated corresponding to the detected shapes with C1 continuity. This method is different from other arc spline approximation schemes which subdivide the curve according to time or error data. This work also develops a representation method to describe the shape or pattern of the curve using arc spline information. Experimental results show that similarity of any two curves can be detected and measured by comparing their arc spline data. In application, this method can be used to generate vector graphics and tool paths for numerical control machines with higher compatibility than a parametric description.",
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"abstract": "With the MLS (moving least squares) interpolant for the shape function construction, the element-free Galerkin method can be very useful for those mechanical problems of which the meshing or remeshing is very troublesome. In this paper the element-free Galerkin method is applied on the axisymmetric heat transfer problems. The basic theory is proposed, as well as the numerical procedure. For common axisymmetric problems, the 2D background cells are used for the discretization of the physical zones. When the problems can be simplified as 1D axis - problem, relative deducing is also given. Relevant numerical problems are presented. It can be seen that element-free Galerkin method can provide great convenience and high accuracy for this kind of problems.",
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"affiliation": "College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 200098 China",
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"affiliation": "College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 200098 China",
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"affiliation": "College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 200098 China",
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"abstract": "In this paper, by employing bivariate cubic C^1 B-splines, a bivariate B-spline finite element method is presented to solve bending problems of rectangular plates. In comparison with analytical solutions, it is found that, for various boundary conditions and different loading conditions, the accuracy of the present numerical method is very satisfactory.",
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"content": "In this paper, by employing bivariate cubic C^1 B-splines, a bivariate B-spline finite element method is presented to solve bending problems of rectangular plates. In comparison with analytical solutions, it is found that, for various boundary conditions and different loading conditions, the accuracy of the present numerical method is very satisfactory.",
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"fullName": "Huan-Wen Liu",
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{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "We present an efficient method to automatically compute a smooth approximation of large functional scattered data sets given over arbitrarily shaped planar domains. Our approach is based on the construction of a C-continuous bivariate cubic spline and our method offers optimal approximation order. Both local variation and nonuniform distribution of the data are taken into account by using local polynomial least squares approximations of varying degree. Since we only need to solve small linear systems and no triangulation of the scattered data points is required, the overall complexity of the algorithm is linear in the total number of points. Numerical examples dealing with several real world scattered data sets with up to millions of points demonstrate the efficiency of our method. The resulting spline surface is of high visual quality and can be efficiently evaluated for rendering and modeling. In our implementation we achieve real-time frame rates for typical fly-through sequences and interactive frame rates for recomputing and rendering a locally modified spline surface.",
"__typename": "ArticleAbstractType"
}
],
"normalizedAbstract": "We present an efficient method to automatically compute a smooth approximation of large functional scattered data sets given over arbitrarily shaped planar domains. Our approach is based on the construction of a C-continuous bivariate cubic spline and our method offers optimal approximation order. Both local variation and nonuniform distribution of the data are taken into account by using local polynomial least squares approximations of varying degree. Since we only need to solve small linear systems and no triangulation of the scattered data points is required, the overall complexity of the algorithm is linear in the total number of points. Numerical examples dealing with several real world scattered data sets with up to millions of points demonstrate the efficiency of our method. The resulting spline surface is of high visual quality and can be efficiently evaluated for rendering and modeling. In our implementation we achieve real-time frame rates for typical fly-through sequences and interactive frame rates for recomputing and rendering a locally modified spline surface.",
"fno": "7200haber",
"keywords": [
"Scattered Data Approximation",
"Least Squares Approximation",
"Terrain Visualization",
"Data Compression"
],
"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Max Planck Institute for Informatik, Saarbrucken",
"fullName": "Jorg Haber",
"givenName": "Jorg",
"surname": "Haber",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": "Max Planck Institute for Informatik, Saarbrucken",
"fullName": "Frank Zeilfelder",
"givenName": "Frank",
"surname": "Zeilfelder",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": "Justus-Liebig University",
"fullName": "Oleg Davydov",
"givenName": "Oleg",
"surname": "Davydov",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": "Max Planck Institute for Informatik",
"fullName": "Hans-Peter Seidel",
"givenName": "Hans-Peter",
"surname": "Seidel",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
}
],
"idPrefix": "ieee-vis",
"isOpenAccess": false,
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"hasPdf": true,
"pubDate": "2001-10-01T00:00:00",
"pubType": "proceedings",
"pages": "",
"year": "2001",
"issn": "1070-2385",
"isbn": "0-7803-7200-X",
"notes": null,
"notesType": null,
"__typename": "ArticleType"
},
"webExtras": [],
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