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"title": "The Effect of Virtual Humans Making Verbal Communication Mistakes on Learners’ Perspectives of their Credibility, Reliability, and Trustworthiness",
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"abstract": "Developers of deep learning applications (shortened as application developers) commonly use deep learning frameworks in their projects. However, due to time pressure, market competition, and cost reduction, developers of deep learning frameworks (shortened as framework developers) often have to sacrifice software quality to satisfy a shorter completion time. This practice leads to technical debt in deep learning frameworks, which results in the increasing burden to both the application developers and the framework developers in future development.In this paper, we analyze the comments indicating technical debt (self-admitted technical debt) in 7 of the most popular open-source deep learning frameworks. Although framework developers are aware of such technical debt, typically the application developers are not. We find that: 1) there is a significant number of technical debt in all the studied deep learning frameworks. 2) there is design debt, defect debt, documentation debt, test debt, requirement debt, compatibility debt, and algorithm debt in deep learning frameworks. 3) the majority of the technical debt in deep learning framework is design debt (24.07% - 65.27%), followed by requirement debt (7.09% - 31.48%) and algorithm debt (5.62% - 20.67%). In some projects, compatibility debt accounts for more than 10%. These findings illustrate that technical debt is common in deep learning frameworks, and many types of technical debt also impact the deep learning applications. Based on our findings, we highlight future research directions and provide recommendations for practitioners.",
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"content": "Developers of deep learning applications (shortened as application developers) commonly use deep learning frameworks in their projects. However, due to time pressure, market competition, and cost reduction, developers of deep learning frameworks (shortened as framework developers) often have to sacrifice software quality to satisfy a shorter completion time. This practice leads to technical debt in deep learning frameworks, which results in the increasing burden to both the application developers and the framework developers in future development.In this paper, we analyze the comments indicating technical debt (self-admitted technical debt) in 7 of the most popular open-source deep learning frameworks. Although framework developers are aware of such technical debt, typically the application developers are not. We find that: 1) there is a significant number of technical debt in all the studied deep learning frameworks. 2) there is design debt, defect debt, documentation debt, test debt, requirement debt, compatibility debt, and algorithm debt in deep learning frameworks. 3) the majority of the technical debt in deep learning framework is design debt (24.07% - 65.27%), followed by requirement debt (7.09% - 31.48%) and algorithm debt (5.62% - 20.67%). In some projects, compatibility debt accounts for more than 10%. These findings illustrate that technical debt is common in deep learning frameworks, and many types of technical debt also impact the deep learning applications. Based on our findings, we highlight future research directions and provide recommendations for practitioners.",
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"affiliation": "Zhejiang University,College of Computer Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China",
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"affiliation": "Zhejiang University,College of Computer Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China",
"fullName": "Qiao Huang",
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"affiliation": "Monash University,Faculty of Information Technology,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia",
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"surname": "Xia",
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"affiliation": "Concordia University,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Montreal,Canada",
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"affiliation": "Singapore Management University,School of Information System,Singapore",
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{
"affiliation": "Zhejiang University,College of Computer Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China",
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"abstract": "Traditional multi-dimensional visualization techniques, such as glyphs, parallel coordinates and scatterplot matrices, suffer from clutter at the display level and difficult user navigation among dimensions when visualizing high dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose a new multi-dimensional visualization technique named a Value and Relation (VaR) display, together with a rich set of navigation and selection tools, for interactive exploration of datasets with up to hundreds of dimensions. By explicitly conveying the relationships among the dimensions of a high dimensional dataset, the VaR display helps users grasp the associations among dimensions. By using pixel-oriented techniques to present values of the data items in a condensed manner, the VaR display reveals data patterns in the dataset using as little screen space as possible. The navigation and selection tools enable users to interactively reduce clutter, navigate within the dimension space, and examine data value details within context effectively and efficiently. The VaR display scales well to datasets with large numbers of data items by employing sampling and texture mapping. A case study on a real dataset, as well as the VaR displays of multiple real datasets throughout the paper, reveals how our proposed approach helps users interactively explore high dimensional datasets with large numbers of data items.",
"abstracts": [
{
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"content": "Traditional multi-dimensional visualization techniques, such as glyphs, parallel coordinates and scatterplot matrices, suffer from clutter at the display level and difficult user navigation among dimensions when visualizing high dimensional datasets. In this paper, we propose a new multi-dimensional visualization technique named a Value and Relation (VaR) display, together with a rich set of navigation and selection tools, for interactive exploration of datasets with up to hundreds of dimensions. By explicitly conveying the relationships among the dimensions of a high dimensional dataset, the VaR display helps users grasp the associations among dimensions. By using pixel-oriented techniques to present values of the data items in a condensed manner, the VaR display reveals data patterns in the dataset using as little screen space as possible. The navigation and selection tools enable users to interactively reduce clutter, navigate within the dimension space, and examine data value details within context effectively and efficiently. The VaR display scales well to datasets with large numbers of data items by employing sampling and texture mapping. A case study on a real dataset, as well as the VaR displays of multiple real datasets throughout the paper, reveals how our proposed approach helps users interactively explore high dimensional datasets with large numbers of data items.",
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"fullName": "Jing Yang",
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"abstract": "Despite the availability of high-quality graphics systems, architects and designers still build scaled physical models of buildings and products. These physical models have many advantages, however they are typically static in structure and surface characteristics. They are inherently lifeless. In contrast, high-quality graphics systems are tremendously flexible, allowing viewers to see alternative structures, facades, textures, cut-away views, and even dynamic effects such as changing lighting, moving automobiles, people, etc.We introduce a combination of these approaches that builds on our previously-published projector-based Spatially-Augmented Reality techniques. The basic idea is to aim multiple ceiling-mounted light projectors inward to graphically augment table-top scaled physical models of buildings or products. This approach promises to provide very compelling hybrid visualizations that afford the benefits of both traditional physical models, and modern computer graphics, effectively \"bringing to life\" table-top physical models.",
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"content": "Despite the availability of high-quality graphics systems, architects and designers still build scaled physical models of buildings and products. These physical models have many advantages, however they are typically static in structure and surface characteristics. They are inherently lifeless. In contrast, high-quality graphics systems are tremendously flexible, allowing viewers to see alternative structures, facades, textures, cut-away views, and even dynamic effects such as changing lighting, moving automobiles, people, etc.We introduce a combination of these approaches that builds on our previously-published projector-based Spatially-Augmented Reality techniques. The basic idea is to aim multiple ceiling-mounted light projectors inward to graphically augment table-top scaled physical models of buildings or products. This approach promises to provide very compelling hybrid visualizations that afford the benefits of both traditional physical models, and modern computer graphics, effectively \"bringing to life\" table-top physical models.",
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"affiliation": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill",
"fullName": "Wei-Chao Chen",
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"title": "Real-Time Collision Detection and Response for Complex Environments",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a method for collision detection that is well suited to complex environments, such as those obtained from medical imaging and for objects that are in permanent contact. The method is based on a point-in-tetrahedral-mesh query. Spatial and temporal coherence are used to achieve interactive speed. In addition to collision detection, the system calculates a force and torque that can be used for collision response. Experimental results show that it performs well compared to the RAPID collision detection library, a standard in the field.",
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"content": "This paper presents a method for collision detection that is well suited to complex environments, such as those obtained from medical imaging and for objects that are in permanent contact. The method is based on a point-in-tetrahedral-mesh query. Spatial and temporal coherence are used to achieve interactive speed. In addition to collision detection, the system calculates a force and torque that can be used for collision response. Experimental results show that it performs well compared to the RAPID collision detection library, a standard in the field.",
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"abstract": "In this work, we design frequency band filters in Disturbance Observer (DOB) for collision detection between the industrial robot manipulator and human. We realize that the frequency characteristics of the inverse dynamics of the manipulator is similar to that of high pass filter and the sensor noise filter is in the form of low pass filter whereas the collision between the robot and human is relatively high frequency. By investigating the frequency characteristics of each part of the manipulator and possible disturbances, we proposes a set of band-width filters using intrinsic data and detects the human-robot collision while the robot is in motion for performing some tasks. We verify the effectiveness of the method using two different types of robotic manipulators; electric motor driven manipulator and manipulator with hydraulic rotary actuators. In both cases, experimental data show that the robot-human collision can be detected reliably and faster than simply using a joint torque sensor while the manipulator load is not constant.",
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"abstract": "As collaborative robots share workspace with humans, physical collision between the human and the robot is inevitable. In order to ensure the safety of humans an international standard, ISO/TS 15066, presents the collision peak pressure which should not be exceeded in the case of collision. To prevent human injury from collision, robots should be aware of its potential risk by predicting the collision peak pressure in real time. The pressure varies depending on the shape of the impactor and the contact area in the event of a collision, the collision peak pressure needs to be analyzed by considering the contact surface nonlinearity. Furthermore, the deformation of human skin exhibits nonlinear elastic behavior. Modeling the human-robot contact behavior with the finite element method would be a conventional approach for solving complex nonlinearity. However, it is not practically possible to perform real-time evaluations because of its high computational cost. This paper introduces a real-time pressure estimation method using a mathematical model for evaluating collision safety for a collaborative robot. To verify the effectiveness of the real-time model associated with the contact surface, impactor shape and the material, we compare with a FE model based calculation results in this paper. The relationship between accuracy and the computational cost is also described.",
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"content": "As collaborative robots share workspace with humans, physical collision between the human and the robot is inevitable. In order to ensure the safety of humans an international standard, ISO/TS 15066, presents the collision peak pressure which should not be exceeded in the case of collision. To prevent human injury from collision, robots should be aware of its potential risk by predicting the collision peak pressure in real time. The pressure varies depending on the shape of the impactor and the contact area in the event of a collision, the collision peak pressure needs to be analyzed by considering the contact surface nonlinearity. Furthermore, the deformation of human skin exhibits nonlinear elastic behavior. Modeling the human-robot contact behavior with the finite element method would be a conventional approach for solving complex nonlinearity. However, it is not practically possible to perform real-time evaluations because of its high computational cost. This paper introduces a real-time pressure estimation method using a mathematical model for evaluating collision safety for a collaborative robot. To verify the effectiveness of the real-time model associated with the contact surface, impactor shape and the material, we compare with a FE model based calculation results in this paper. The relationship between accuracy and the computational cost is also described.",
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"abstracts": [
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"abstract": "Recently, many power analysis attacks have been proposed. Since the attacks are powerful, it is very important to implement cryptosystems securely against the attacks. We propose countermeasures against power analysis attacks for elliptic curve cryptosystems based on Koblitz curves (KCs), which are a special class of elliptic curves. That is, we make our countermeasures be secure against SPA, DPA, and new DPA attacks, specially RPA, ZPA, using a random point at each execution of elliptic curve scalar multiplication. And since our countermeasures are designed to use the Frobenius map of KC, those are very fast. Also, we reduce the number of elliptic curve addition up to about 50% using pre-computed tables.",
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"abstract": "The mechanisms involved for compaction of pharmaceutical powders have become a crucial step in the development cycle for tablet design. Compressibility and compactibility are two important properties which define the ability of loose powder to transform into a compact. The compacted powder, also known as tablet, needs to be strong enough in order to handle different types of stress due to packaging and loading conditions. This work presents a technique for designing solid tablets based on the use of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The shape and size of the generated tablet can be changed by exploiting the analytic expressions relating the coefficients associated with the PDE method. This work also has simulated the compressibility of pharmaceutical powders by utilizing deformation models found in literature. The results are analyzed using the Heckel model. Finally, the automatic design optimization is performed by combining the PDE method and a standard method for numerical optimization for obtaining optimal design of tablets with maximum tensile strength. The results show that the PDE method is able to represent the physical changes of the deformed tablet.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "The mechanisms involved for compaction of pharmaceutical powders have become a crucial step in the development cycle for tablet design. Compressibility and compactibility are two important properties which define the ability of loose powder to transform into a compact. The compacted powder, also known as tablet, needs to be strong enough in order to handle different types of stress due to packaging and loading conditions. This work presents a technique for designing solid tablets based on the use of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The shape and size of the generated tablet can be changed by exploiting the analytic expressions relating the coefficients associated with the PDE method. This work also has simulated the compressibility of pharmaceutical powders by utilizing deformation models found in literature. The results are analyzed using the Heckel model. Finally, the automatic design optimization is performed by combining the PDE method and a standard method for numerical optimization for obtaining optimal design of tablets with maximum tensile strength. The results show that the PDE method is able to represent the physical changes of the deformed tablet.",
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"abstract": "PDE techniques, which use Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to model the shapes of various real-world objects, can unify their geometric attributes and functional constraints in geometric computing and graphics. This paper presents a unified dynamic approach that allows modelers to define the solid geometry of sculptured objects using the second-order or fourth-order elliptic PDEs subject to flexible boundary conditions. Founded upon the previous work on PDE solids by Bloor and Wilson, as well as our recent research on the interactive sculpting of physics-based PDE surfaces, our new formulation and its associated dynamic principle permit designers to directly deform PDE solids whose behaviors are natural and intuitive subject to imposed constraints. Users can easily model and interact with solids of complicated geometry and/or arbitrary topology from locally-defined PDE primitives through trimming operations. We employ the finite-difference discretization and the multi-grid subdivision to solve the PDEs numerically. Our PDE-based modeling software offers users various sculpting toolkits for solid design, allowing them to interactively modify the physical and geometric properties of arbitrary points, curve spans, regions of interest (either in the isoparametric or nonisoparametric form) on boundary surfaces, as well as any interior parts of modeled objects.",
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"abstract": "We present a fast, topology-preserving approach for isosurface simplification. The underlying concept behind our approach is to preserve the disconnected surface components in cells during isosurface simplification. We represent isosurface components in a novel representation, called enhanced cell, where each surface component in a cell is represented by a vertex and its connectivity information. A topology-preserving vertex clustering algorithm is applied to build a vertex octree. An enhanced dual contouring algorithm is applied to extract error-bounded multiresolution isosurfaces from the vertex octree while preserving the finest resolution isosurface topology. Cells containing multiple vertices are properly handled during contouring. Our approach demonstrates better results than existing octree-based simplification techniques.",
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"abstract": "In this work we propose a method for the polygonization of octree-based reconstructions by dual contouring. Dual contouring is an adaptive method for determining contiguous polygonal meshes from signed octrees. It determines the positioning of the vertices of the mesh by minimizing a quadratic error expressed in terms of hermitian data. In order to apply dual contouring on volumetric reconstruction from silhouettes we devised a method that is able to determine the discrete topology of the contour in relation to the octree cells, as well as the hermitian data corresponding to the intersections and normals of conic volumes whose intersection approximates a structure known as Visual Hull. Due to the discrete and extremely noisy nature of the data used in the reconstruction we had to devise a different criterion for mesh simplification that applies topological consistency tests only when the geometric error measure is beyond a given tolerance. We present results of the application of the proposed method in the extraction of a mesh corresponding to the surface of objects of a real scene.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents the development of a portable, Non-Invasive device for monitoring patients' blood Insulin and Glucose concentration. It is based on Near-Infrared(NIR) Spectroscopy. Perkin-Elmer Lambda 750 spectrometer was used to study the absorbance of Insulin and glucose at different wavelengths of NIR region. NIR LED (Light Emitting diode) of appropriate wavelengths were used to construct a finger clip. A separate Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was constructed; that connects to the finger clip and acquires the Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal at three separate NIR wavelengths. The PPG signal can be used to detect the concentartion of Glucose and Insulin in blood. The PCB has a WiFi module interfaced within it; that supports Internet connectivity and uploads the time series data of insulin and glucose to a server. The data can be viewed in a graphical format by authorized users. This can be used by a medical practitioner to understand whether the data shows an increasing or decreasing trend and hence, will enable to prognosticate the approaching critical condition of the patient much before the critical condition actually occurs.",
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"abstract": "Significant improvements in face-recognition performance have recently been achieved by obtaining near infrared (NIR) probe images. We demonstrate that by taking into account the differential effects of sub-surface scattering, correlation between facial images in the visible (VIS) and NIR wavelengths can be significantly improved. Hence, by using Fourier analysis and Gaussian deconvolution with variable thresholds for the scattering deconvolution radius and frequency, sub-surface scattering effects are largely eliminated from perpendicular isomap transformations of the facial images. (Isomap images are obtained via scanning reconstruction, as in our case, or else, more generically, via model fitting). Thus, small-scale features visible in both the VIS and NIR, such as skin-pores and certain classes of skin-mottling, can be equally weighted within the correlation analysis. The method can consequently serves as the basis for more detailed forms of facial comparison.",
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"content": "Significant improvements in face-recognition performance have recently been achieved by obtaining near infrared (NIR) probe images. We demonstrate that by taking into account the differential effects of sub-surface scattering, correlation between facial images in the visible (VIS) and NIR wavelengths can be significantly improved. Hence, by using Fourier analysis and Gaussian deconvolution with variable thresholds for the scattering deconvolution radius and frequency, sub-surface scattering effects are largely eliminated from perpendicular isomap transformations of the facial images. (Isomap images are obtained via scanning reconstruction, as in our case, or else, more generically, via model fitting). Thus, small-scale features visible in both the VIS and NIR, such as skin-pores and certain classes of skin-mottling, can be equally weighted within the correlation analysis. The method can consequently serves as the basis for more detailed forms of facial comparison.",
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"abstract": "This paper deals with the rendering issues of producing a realistic surgery simulation in real-time. In general, the visual fidelity of the simulator determines the degree of realism experienced by users. On top of the tissue, there is a mucous layer which is wet and semi-transparent. It significantly influences the surface appearance by reflecting and scattering incoming light rays. This paper describes a novel method to rendering such organs. It decomposes the incoming light into two parts, which include surface specular reflectance and subsurface scattering. First it uses bump mapping to disturb the surface normal in order to rendering the specular highlight. Then it uses an image-space algorithm to calculating the subsurface scattering contribution.",
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"title": "2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)",
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"doi": "10.1109/BIBM52615.2021.9669741",
"title": "The Model Of The Multilayer Blood-Filled Biological Tissue",
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"abstract": "The aim of this work is to create an algorithm for the analysis of light absorption in the layers of biological tissue and its software implementation. During the work based on the iterative Monte Carlo method, an algorithm was developed and implemented to calculate the fraction of light power (with a given number of particles, for three different wavelengths) absorbed during the passage through a multilayer blood-filled biological tissue. It is shown that the algorithm created and implemented in this work is quite suitable for use to calculate the amount of absorbed power of the photons, and with minor modifications - and to record the actual events of absorption and scattering. The algorithm takes into account refraction and loss during transitions between different layers of the environment, which repeats the real physical features of the fabric. For wavelengths of 550 nm, 600 nm and 850 nm in environments such as epidermis and dermis absorption is significant, and in venous blood, arterial blood and subcutaneous layer - the least. For a wave 550 nm long, a large power of photons absorbed in the bone should be noted.",
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"content": "The aim of this work is to create an algorithm for the analysis of light absorption in the layers of biological tissue and its software implementation. During the work based on the iterative Monte Carlo method, an algorithm was developed and implemented to calculate the fraction of light power (with a given number of particles, for three different wavelengths) absorbed during the passage through a multilayer blood-filled biological tissue. It is shown that the algorithm created and implemented in this work is quite suitable for use to calculate the amount of absorbed power of the photons, and with minor modifications - and to record the actual events of absorption and scattering. The algorithm takes into account refraction and loss during transitions between different layers of the environment, which repeats the real physical features of the fabric. For wavelengths of 550 nm, 600 nm and 850 nm in environments such as epidermis and dermis absorption is significant, and in venous blood, arterial blood and subcutaneous layer - the least. For a wave 550 nm long, a large power of photons absorbed in the bone should be noted.",
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"title": "2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)",
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"doi": "10.1109/ICPR56361.2022.9956727",
"title": "TRC-Unet: Transformer Connections for Near-infrared Blurred Image Segmentation",
"normalizedTitle": "TRC-Unet: Transformer Connections for Near-infrared Blurred Image Segmentation",
"abstract": "Imaging blood vessel networks is useful in many biomedical applications, such as injection-assist, cancer detection, various surgery, and vein identification. In NIR (near-infrared) transillumination imaging, we can visualize the subcutaneous blood vessel network. However, such images are severely blurred by the strong scattering of body tissue, and it remains challenging for most models to accurately segment these blurred images. In addition, the convolution operation in the deep learning approach means that it extracts a mixture of blurred edges and clear centers, resulting in gradual distortion during upsampling. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient deep learning model called TRC-Unet for segmenting blurred NIR images. The transformer connection (TRC) block extracts global spatial information from different scales by adaptively suppressing scattering and increasing the clarity of features. Our proposed transformer feature fusion (TFF) module closes the gap between the highly semantic feature maps of CNN and the adaptive fuzzy transformer output to enable a precise reconstruction of the segmentation. We evaluated TRC-Unet on both a simulated blurred DRIVE dataset and a NIR vessel dataset, and we achieved competitive results. (i.e., 83.86% Dice score on DRIVE and an average boost of 4.6% on simulated images at different depths).",
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"content": "Imaging blood vessel networks is useful in many biomedical applications, such as injection-assist, cancer detection, various surgery, and vein identification. In NIR (near-infrared) transillumination imaging, we can visualize the subcutaneous blood vessel network. However, such images are severely blurred by the strong scattering of body tissue, and it remains challenging for most models to accurately segment these blurred images. In addition, the convolution operation in the deep learning approach means that it extracts a mixture of blurred edges and clear centers, resulting in gradual distortion during upsampling. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient deep learning model called TRC-Unet for segmenting blurred NIR images. The transformer connection (TRC) block extracts global spatial information from different scales by adaptively suppressing scattering and increasing the clarity of features. Our proposed transformer feature fusion (TFF) module closes the gap between the highly semantic feature maps of CNN and the adaptive fuzzy transformer output to enable a precise reconstruction of the segmentation. We evaluated TRC-Unet on both a simulated blurred DRIVE dataset and a NIR vessel dataset, and we achieved competitive results. (i.e., 83.86% Dice score on DRIVE and an average boost of 4.6% on simulated images at different depths).",
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"Learning Artificial Intelligence",
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"affiliation": "Waseda University,School of Information, Production and Systems,Fukuoka,Japan",
"fullName": "Jiazhe Wang",
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"surname": "Wang",
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"affiliation": "Waseda University,Fukuoka,Japan",
"fullName": "Yoshie Osamu",
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"affiliation": "Xidian University,School of Optoelectronic Engineering,Xi’an,China",
"fullName": "Koichi Shimizu",
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"abstract": "As VR becomes increasingly popular in the entertainment industry, VR locomotion, a technique that allows users to navigate virtual environments beyond the spatial confines of the real world, is being increasingly studied by developers and researchers. Previous work has examined the effects of locomotion methods on various aspects of users, such as user experience, motion sickness, and task performance. However, how locomotion methods affect users' eye movements that might indicate cognitive load has not yet been in-vestigated, although several relevant works have addressed these effects as being important to study. To contribute to this area of research, in this work we investigate the evaluation of five common gait-free locomotion methods using eye movements during VR nav-igation. The results show that locomotion methods significantly affect participants' eye movement behavior (i.e., blinks, fixations, and saccades), suggesting that different cognitive responses were elicited with different locomotion methods. Our research provides a viable tool for future studies evaluating locomotion methods, thus providing further in-depth insights for developing more effective and enjoyable VR locomotion methods.",
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"abstract": "An optical microwave mixing technique based on optical phase modulation and fiber chromatic dispersion is investigated for up-conversion of IQ modulated microwave subcarriers. Experiments with analog signals have validated up-conversion theory. Error Vector Magnitude measurements have shown low penalty induced by optical microwave up-conversion process on QAM signals within the 10 GHz band. For future radio-over-fiber networks, optical microwave up-conversion in the 60 GHz band is investigated. Application of this technique for high symbol rate IQ modulations for future 60 GHz radio-over-fiber networks is proposed",
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"content": "An optical microwave mixing technique based on optical phase modulation and fiber chromatic dispersion is investigated for up-conversion of IQ modulated microwave subcarriers. Experiments with analog signals have validated up-conversion theory. Error Vector Magnitude measurements have shown low penalty induced by optical microwave up-conversion process on QAM signals within the 10 GHz band. For future radio-over-fiber networks, optical microwave up-conversion in the 60 GHz band is investigated. Application of this technique for high symbol rate IQ modulations for future 60 GHz radio-over-fiber networks is proposed",
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"title": "2005 European Quantum Electronics Conference",
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"article": {
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"doi": "10.1109/EQEC.2005.1567329",
"title": "Modulated fronts in a modulationally stable LCLV cavity",
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"abstract": "This study reports on the occurrence of modulated structures with an intrinsic wavelength in a regime far from any modulational (i.e. Turing) instability. These modulations develop spontaneously from localized perturbations of the unstable homogeneous steady state that separates the two stable states of an hysteresis cycle. They occur in the wings of the traveling fronts and give eventually rise to a self-organized propagating pattern. This paper argues that the liquid crystal light valve nonlinear optical cavity is a strong candidate for this purpose.",
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"content": "This study reports on the occurrence of modulated structures with an intrinsic wavelength in a regime far from any modulational (i.e. Turing) instability. These modulations develop spontaneously from localized perturbations of the unstable homogeneous steady state that separates the two stable states of an hysteresis cycle. They occur in the wings of the traveling fronts and give eventually rise to a self-organized propagating pattern. This paper argues that the liquid crystal light valve nonlinear optical cavity is a strong candidate for this purpose.",
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"affiliation": "Univ. des Sci. et Technol. de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France",
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"affiliation": "Univ. des Sci. et Technol. de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France",
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"fullName": "M. Tlidi",
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"proceeding": {
"id": "12OmNx7ouUM",
"title": "2013 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences",
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"article": {
"id": "12OmNzkMlNH",
"doi": "10.1109/ICCIS.2013.87",
"title": "An Efficient Image Encryption and Hiding Method Applied by Double Random Phase Encoding",
"normalizedTitle": "An Efficient Image Encryption and Hiding Method Applied by Double Random Phase Encoding",
"abstract": "Compared with digital methods, image hiding methods by optical ways have many advantages such as high processing speed, high parallel, high encryption dimension etc al. A novel efficient image encryption and hiding method applied by double random phase encoding technique is discussed in this paper. First, the performance of existing optical image hiding systems is analyzed; then specific statistical detection methods to the optical image hiding system are discussed; then extracting attacks to the optical image hiding system are analyzed; finally novel optical image hiding methods by technique of double random phase encoding and digital holography are given out.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "Compared with digital methods, image hiding methods by optical ways have many advantages such as high processing speed, high parallel, high encryption dimension etc al. A novel efficient image encryption and hiding method applied by double random phase encoding technique is discussed in this paper. First, the performance of existing optical image hiding systems is analyzed; then specific statistical detection methods to the optical image hiding system are discussed; then extracting attacks to the optical image hiding system are analyzed; finally novel optical image hiding methods by technique of double random phase encoding and digital holography are given out.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Compared with digital methods, image hiding methods by optical ways have many advantages such as high processing speed, high parallel, high encryption dimension etc al. A novel efficient image encryption and hiding method applied by double random phase encoding technique is discussed in this paper. First, the performance of existing optical image hiding systems is analyzed; then specific statistical detection methods to the optical image hiding system are discussed; then extracting attacks to the optical image hiding system are analyzed; finally novel optical image hiding methods by technique of double random phase encoding and digital holography are given out.",
"fno": "5004a302",
"keywords": [
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"Holography",
"Holographic Optical Components",
"Encryption",
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"Double Random Phase Encoding",
"Image Encryption",
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"authors": [
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"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Hongsheng Xu",
"givenName": "Hongsheng",
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"affiliation": null,
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"I 3 1 Computer Graphics Hardware Architecture Three Dimensional Displays",
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"abstract": "These environments often simulate or augment the real world, and a part of that simulation is the ability to select objects for observation and manipulation. Many user interfaces for these applications depend on six-degree-of-freedom tracking devices. Such devices have limited accuracy and are susceptible to noise, giving an imprecision that makes object selections difficult and hard to repeat. This difficulty is amplified when the user?s viewpoint is also tracked, meaning the user must compensate for noise from both the head tracker and the pointing device when performing object selection. Also, users may experience fatigue when using handheld pointing devices for extended periods, creating error even if the tracking technology were perfect. This paper presents a pointing-based probabilistic selection algorithm that addresses some of the ambiguities associated with tracking and user imprecision. It performs multiple selections by considering a frustum along the user?s pointing direction and the hierarchical structure of the database. It assigns probabilities that the user has selected particular objects using a set of low-level 3D intersection-based selection techniques and the relationship of the objects in a hierarchical database, and makes the final selection using one of several weighting schemes. We performed several experiments to evaluate the low-level selection techniques, tested several weighting schemes for the integration algorithm, and we show that the algorithm is effective at disambiguating multiple selections.",
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"fullName": "Greg Schmidt",
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"content": "We investigate the self-attribution of distorted pointing movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants had to complete a multidirectional pointing task in which the visual feedback of the tapping finger could be deviated in order to increase or decrease the motor size of a target relative to its visual appearance. This manipulation effectively makes the task easier or harder than the visual feedback suggests. Participants were asked whether the seen movement was equivalent to the movement they performed, and whether they have been successful in the task. We show that participants are often unaware of the movement manipulation, even when it requires higher pointing precision than suggested by the visual feedback. Moreover, subjects tend to self-attribute movements that have been modified to make the task easier more often than movements that have not been distorted. We discuss the implications and applications of our results.",
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