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"title": "2015 International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS)",
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"doi": "10.1109/ICIIBMS.2015.7439538",
"title": "Evaluation of pattern based point clouds for patient registration — A phantom study",
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"abstract": "The image to patient registration process is the longest non operative process on navigated surgery. Markerless registration using laser scan surface registration techniques comes with inaccuracies up 9mm due to user errors and to durations of up to over 15 minutes. In this study different patterns were examined in their influence of registration accuracy. On a patient's head phantom, point clouds were recorded. For each pattern 15 point clouds were examined by matching them with the computer tomographic data of the phantom. The matching was each performed with three different versions of the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm. As a measurement the Root Mean Square Error was considered. For each point cloud the number of considered points was reduced step by step from 800 down to 12. A pattern without minimal effects due to face shift could be found with a registration error below 1.5mm by considering twelve points.",
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"content": "The image to patient registration process is the longest non operative process on navigated surgery. Markerless registration using laser scan surface registration techniques comes with inaccuracies up 9mm due to user errors and to durations of up to over 15 minutes. In this study different patterns were examined in their influence of registration accuracy. On a patient's head phantom, point clouds were recorded. For each pattern 15 point clouds were examined by matching them with the computer tomographic data of the phantom. The matching was each performed with three different versions of the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm. As a measurement the Root Mean Square Error was considered. For each point cloud the number of considered points was reduced step by step from 800 down to 12. A pattern without minimal effects due to face shift could be found with a registration error below 1.5mm by considering twelve points.",
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"affiliation": "Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology (MIMED) Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany",
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"proceeding": {
"id": "12OmNzQhP7Z",
"title": "2014 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2014)",
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"volume": "0",
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"doi": "10.1109/ISOT.2014.63",
"title": "Detecting Discontinuous and Occluded Boundaries from Point Clouds of Building Interiors",
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"abstract": "Range scans of occupied building interiors will often generate a cumulative point cloud with disconnected regions due to varying data density and the presence of numerous partially occluded objects. Boundary detection methods based on surface normal vectors and curvature have difficulty in accurately representing occluded region boundaries because of the geometric uncertainty associated with the underlying polygonal surfaces used to determine the desired geometric parameters. An occluded boundary detection algorithm that works directly on point clouds without the need to reconstruct rough underlying surface models is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses a side-ratio constraint to identify the discontinuous boundary points which lie along successive scan lines. The basic principle is that the distance between the immediate neighboring points at the discontinuous boundary exhibits a large disparity when compared to the other points in a contiguous surface. The side ratio distance defines the spatial separation of the proceeding and succeeding data points on the local grid. The algorithm is also able to handle small density inconsistencies by continuously comparing the side-ratios of the nearest points within a preset window. Spurious point data incorrectly identified as discontinuous boundary points are removed using a density-based outlier detection technique. The effectiveness of the two-step algorithm is demonstrated on real-world data acquired using a FARO® LS 880 laser scanner.",
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"content": "Range scans of occupied building interiors will often generate a cumulative point cloud with disconnected regions due to varying data density and the presence of numerous partially occluded objects. Boundary detection methods based on surface normal vectors and curvature have difficulty in accurately representing occluded region boundaries because of the geometric uncertainty associated with the underlying polygonal surfaces used to determine the desired geometric parameters. An occluded boundary detection algorithm that works directly on point clouds without the need to reconstruct rough underlying surface models is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses a side-ratio constraint to identify the discontinuous boundary points which lie along successive scan lines. The basic principle is that the distance between the immediate neighboring points at the discontinuous boundary exhibits a large disparity when compared to the other points in a contiguous surface. The side ratio distance defines the spatial separation of the proceeding and succeeding data points on the local grid. The algorithm is also able to handle small density inconsistencies by continuously comparing the side-ratios of the nearest points within a preset window. Spurious point data incorrectly identified as discontinuous boundary points are removed using a density-based outlier detection technique. The effectiveness of the two-step algorithm is demonstrated on real-world data acquired using a FARO® LS 880 laser scanner.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Range scans of occupied building interiors will often generate a cumulative point cloud with disconnected regions due to varying data density and the presence of numerous partially occluded objects. Boundary detection methods based on surface normal vectors and curvature have difficulty in accurately representing occluded region boundaries because of the geometric uncertainty associated with the underlying polygonal surfaces used to determine the desired geometric parameters. An occluded boundary detection algorithm that works directly on point clouds without the need to reconstruct rough underlying surface models is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses a side-ratio constraint to identify the discontinuous boundary points which lie along successive scan lines. The basic principle is that the distance between the immediate neighboring points at the discontinuous boundary exhibits a large disparity when compared to the other points in a contiguous surface. The side ratio distance defines the spatial separation of the proceeding and succeeding data points on the local grid. The algorithm is also able to handle small density inconsistencies by continuously comparing the side-ratios of the nearest points within a preset window. Spurious point data incorrectly identified as discontinuous boundary points are removed using a density-based outlier detection technique. The effectiveness of the two-step algorithm is demonstrated on real-world data acquired using a FARO® LS 880 laser scanner.",
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"proceeding": {
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"title": "2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)",
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"doi": "10.1109/iThings/GreenCom/CPSCom/SmartData.2019.00163",
"title": "3D Hough Transform Algorithm for Ground Surface Extraction from LiDAR Point Clouds",
"normalizedTitle": "3D Hough Transform Algorithm for Ground Surface Extraction from LiDAR Point Clouds",
"abstract": "Currently, the application of ground surface extraction technology in 3D point clouds has attracted extensive research attention. Such technology is widely used in the environmental perception and local navigation functions of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). However, due to the heterogeneous density and unstructured spatial distribution of point clouds, the computational time and space complexity is relatively high in ground detection. In addition, since light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensing can obtain more than 700,000 points per second, ground point clouds require more memory, compared to non-ground point clouds. Thus, ground point clouds extraction is a vitally important function for UGVs to realize intelligent driving. To extract precise ground information, this paper proposes a 3D Hough transform (3DHT) algorithm for ground detection from 3D LiDAR point clouds. We create a special Hough space within the walking slope range and transform all of the 3D points into this 3D Hough space according to the proposed 3DHT algorithm. Then, the maximal peak is extracted and ground equation parameters are obtained using the inverse Hough transform. To reduce the time required, we apply a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) parallel computation method to reduce the number of typically exhaustive iterations.",
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"content": "Currently, the application of ground surface extraction technology in 3D point clouds has attracted extensive research attention. Such technology is widely used in the environmental perception and local navigation functions of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). However, due to the heterogeneous density and unstructured spatial distribution of point clouds, the computational time and space complexity is relatively high in ground detection. In addition, since light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensing can obtain more than 700,000 points per second, ground point clouds require more memory, compared to non-ground point clouds. Thus, ground point clouds extraction is a vitally important function for UGVs to realize intelligent driving. To extract precise ground information, this paper proposes a 3D Hough transform (3DHT) algorithm for ground detection from 3D LiDAR point clouds. We create a special Hough space within the walking slope range and transform all of the 3D points into this 3D Hough space according to the proposed 3DHT algorithm. Then, the maximal peak is extracted and ground equation parameters are obtained using the inverse Hough transform. To reduce the time required, we apply a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) parallel computation method to reduce the number of typically exhaustive iterations.",
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"fno": "298000a916",
"keywords": [
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"Hough Transforms",
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"Remotely Operated Vehicles",
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"authors": [
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"affiliation": "North China University of Technology",
"fullName": "Wei Song",
"givenName": "Wei",
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{
"affiliation": "North China University of Technology",
"fullName": "Lingfeng Zhang",
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"affiliation": "University of Macau",
"fullName": "Yifei Tian",
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{
"affiliation": "University of Macau",
"fullName": "Simon Fong",
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{
"affiliation": "Georgia State University",
"fullName": "Su Sun",
"givenName": "Su",
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"abstract": "3D reconstruction from sparse point clouds is a challenging problem. Existing methods interpolate from point clouds to produce meshes, but the performance decreases with the number of points. To address this, we propose an algorithm that looks at the global structure while reconstructing the surface one vertex at a time. Experimental results on ShapeNet and ModelNet10 show 81.5% Chamfer Distance and 14% Point Normal Similarity average improvement compared to Ball Pivoting Algorithm (BPA) and Poisson Surface Reconstruction (PSR). Qualitatively, the generated meshes have a closer similarity to the ground truth. Results on ShapeNet Patched illustrate significant improvement in mesh quality compared to BPA and PSR. The code is available at https://github.com/rangeldaroya/rein.",
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"abstract": "Images projected from HUD (Head-up Display) are always overlaid with moving background scene. In such cases, drivers suffer from understanding instinctively the HUD information. Visibility enhancement of HUD information is very important for drivers to recognize easily and quickly the information. In this paper, we propose two visibility enhancement methods of HUD image, which are based on the dominant color of background scene. One is to change the color of symbols, another is to add different color outline to symbols of HUD information, depending on the similarity between HUD information and background dominant colors. To compare the color similarity, HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color domain is used. The proposed methods are designed to minimize the color change, so as to maintain the meaning of symbol color. Through the simulations, we show that the proposed color changing and outline methods are effective to improve the instinctive understanding.",
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"abstract": "This study investigated which optical see-through AR user interface colors are most robust across different real-world driving backgrounds. We consider AR colors to be robust if they (1) support effective visual search task performance with low variability, and (2) retain their color semantics independent of background. Twelve experienced drivers performed two types of visual tasks; a structured (text) and a semi-structured (symbol) visual search task; using a head-up display. Drivers experienced eight user interface colors against three backgrounds (brick, grass, pavement) with repetition. We measured user task performance (response time & errors) as well as color recognition (color matching and naming). Our results showed no significant differences in response time across backgrounds, but identified significant differences in response time between colors within each background. For both text and symbol tasks, participants consistently matched perceived AR user interface colors to World Color Survey stimulus palette locations that were brighter as compared to the source AR color locations. Blue, green, and yellow AR colors showed very little hue shift, and participants verbally identified these colors by name with a high degree of accuracy as compared to other colors. Our results are generally consistent with other findings, in that we observed washout effects when using AR technology. Despite the washout, we found blue, green, and yellow AR colors to be fairly robust across all background and task conditions.",
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"content": "This study investigated which optical see-through AR user interface colors are most robust across different real-world driving backgrounds. We consider AR colors to be robust if they (1) support effective visual search task performance with low variability, and (2) retain their color semantics independent of background. Twelve experienced drivers performed two types of visual tasks; a structured (text) and a semi-structured (symbol) visual search task; using a head-up display. Drivers experienced eight user interface colors against three backgrounds (brick, grass, pavement) with repetition. We measured user task performance (response time & errors) as well as color recognition (color matching and naming). Our results showed no significant differences in response time across backgrounds, but identified significant differences in response time between colors within each background. For both text and symbol tasks, participants consistently matched perceived AR user interface colors to World Color Survey stimulus palette locations that were brighter as compared to the source AR color locations. Blue, green, and yellow AR colors showed very little hue shift, and participants verbally identified these colors by name with a high degree of accuracy as compared to other colors. Our results are generally consistent with other findings, in that we observed washout effects when using AR technology. Despite the washout, we found blue, green, and yellow AR colors to be fairly robust across all background and task conditions.",
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"title": "Non-anthropomorphic Expression of Affective States through Parametrized Abstract Motifs",
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"abstract": "One of the key challenges of affective computing is to extend the expression of emotions to machines. Research in this field has focused mainly on embodied machines that can reproduce verbal or non-verbal cues such as facial movements and gestures. However, most machines we interact with in our daily life are non-anthropomorphic. For this reason, the question we are addressing in our study is whether it is possible to express emotions or affective states using non-anthropomorphic cues in non-humanoid artifacts. We generated animated motifs using a small set of parameters (color, motion and complexity) and we displayed them on the interactive floor of the experience Induction Machine (XIM), an immersive mixed reality space. We asked the participants to assess the emotions attributed to these abstract visual cues. Our findings suggest that it is not only possible to express affective states, but also to modulate human behavior through non-anthropomorphic and abstract stimuli.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "One of the key challenges of affective computing is to extend the expression of emotions to machines. Research in this field has focused mainly on embodied machines that can reproduce verbal or non-verbal cues such as facial movements and gestures. However, most machines we interact with in our daily life are non-anthropomorphic. For this reason, the question we are addressing in our study is whether it is possible to express emotions or affective states using non-anthropomorphic cues in non-humanoid artifacts. We generated animated motifs using a small set of parameters (color, motion and complexity) and we displayed them on the interactive floor of the experience Induction Machine (XIM), an immersive mixed reality space. We asked the participants to assess the emotions attributed to these abstract visual cues. Our findings suggest that it is not only possible to express affective states, but also to modulate human behavior through non-anthropomorphic and abstract stimuli.",
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"affiliation": "SPECS Lab., Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain",
"fullName": "Alberto Betella",
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"affiliation": "SPECS Lab., Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain",
"fullName": "Martin Inderbitzin",
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{
"affiliation": "SPECS Lab., Univ. Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain",
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"affiliation": "SPECS Lab., Univ. Pompeu Fabra & ICREA, Barcelona, Spain",
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"abstract": "HPC simulations suffer from failures of numerical reproducibility because of floating-point arithmetic peculiarities. Different computing distributions of a parallel computation may yield different numerical results. We are interested in a finite element computation of hydrodynamic simulations within the openTelemac software where parallelism is provided by domain decomposition. One main task in a finite element simulation consists in building one large linear system and to solve it. Here the building step relies on element-by-element storage mode and the solving step applies the conjugated gradient algorithm. The subdomain parallelism is merged within these steps. We study why reproducibility fails in this process and which operations have to be corrected. We detail how to use compensation techniques to compute a numerically reproducible resolution. We illustrate this approach with the reproducible version of one test case provided by the openTelemac software suite.",
"abstracts": [
{
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"content": "HPC simulations suffer from failures of numerical reproducibility because of floating-point arithmetic peculiarities. Different computing distributions of a parallel computation may yield different numerical results. We are interested in a finite element computation of hydrodynamic simulations within the openTelemac software where parallelism is provided by domain decomposition. One main task in a finite element simulation consists in building one large linear system and to solve it. Here the building step relies on element-by-element storage mode and the solving step applies the conjugated gradient algorithm. The subdomain parallelism is merged within these steps. We study why reproducibility fails in this process and which operations have to be corrected. We detail how to use compensation techniques to compute a numerically reproducible resolution. We illustrate this approach with the reproducible version of one test case provided by the openTelemac software suite.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "HPC simulations suffer from failures of numerical reproducibility because of floating-point arithmetic peculiarities. Different computing distributions of a parallel computation may yield different numerical results. We are interested in a finite element computation of hydrodynamic simulations within the openTelemac software where parallelism is provided by domain decomposition. One main task in a finite element simulation consists in building one large linear system and to solve it. Here the building step relies on element-by-element storage mode and the solving step applies the conjugated gradient algorithm. The subdomain parallelism is merged within these steps. We study why reproducibility fails in this process and which operations have to be corrected. We detail how to use compensation techniques to compute a numerically reproducible resolution. We illustrate this approach with the reproducible version of one test case provided by the openTelemac software suite.",
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"Numerical Models",
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"Numerical Reproducibility",
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"title": "Stability Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing with Surface Texture",
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"abstract": "In order to study the influence of surface texture on the stability of hydrodynamic journal bearing, the Reynolds equation is solved by partial derivative method, the influence of surface texture on the equivalent stiffness, square of whirl frequency ratio and dimensionless critical mass under different cylindrical dimple diameter, depth and area ratio is discussed. The results show that for partial texture along the circumferential direction on the bearing with fixed eccentricity, the dimple depth has much influence on the stability of the bearing. When the dimensionless dimple depth is greater than 10, with the increase of dimple depth, the smaller the dimple diameter is, the larger the dimensionless critical mass is, which is higher than that of untextured bearing. The dimensionless critical mass is highest when the dimple area ratio is 12.56%, but the effect of dimple area ratio on bearing stability is not significant. When the texture area ratio is 12.56%, the dimensionless critical mass is the highest. However, due to the small difference of the improvement, the effect of texture area ratio (> 12.56%) on bearing stability is not significant. The effect of texture parameters on the bearing stability with different width-diameter ratio is various. When the width-diameter ratio is small, the texture will reduce the stability, while for bearings with large width-diameter ratio, the stability can be improved.",
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{
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"content": "In order to study the influence of surface texture on the stability of hydrodynamic journal bearing, the Reynolds equation is solved by partial derivative method, the influence of surface texture on the equivalent stiffness, square of whirl frequency ratio and dimensionless critical mass under different cylindrical dimple diameter, depth and area ratio is discussed. The results show that for partial texture along the circumferential direction on the bearing with fixed eccentricity, the dimple depth has much influence on the stability of the bearing. When the dimensionless dimple depth is greater than 10, with the increase of dimple depth, the smaller the dimple diameter is, the larger the dimensionless critical mass is, which is higher than that of untextured bearing. The dimensionless critical mass is highest when the dimple area ratio is 12.56%, but the effect of dimple area ratio on bearing stability is not significant. When the texture area ratio is 12.56%, the dimensionless critical mass is the highest. However, due to the small difference of the improvement, the effect of texture area ratio (> 12.56%) on bearing stability is not significant. The effect of texture parameters on the bearing stability with different width-diameter ratio is various. When the width-diameter ratio is small, the texture will reduce the stability, while for bearings with large width-diameter ratio, the stability can be improved.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "In order to study the influence of surface texture on the stability of hydrodynamic journal bearing, the Reynolds equation is solved by partial derivative method, the influence of surface texture on the equivalent stiffness, square of whirl frequency ratio and dimensionless critical mass under different cylindrical dimple diameter, depth and area ratio is discussed. The results show that for partial texture along the circumferential direction on the bearing with fixed eccentricity, the dimple depth has much influence on the stability of the bearing. When the dimensionless dimple depth is greater than 10, with the increase of dimple depth, the smaller the dimple diameter is, the larger the dimensionless critical mass is, which is higher than that of untextured bearing. The dimensionless critical mass is highest when the dimple area ratio is 12.56%, but the effect of dimple area ratio on bearing stability is not significant. When the texture area ratio is 12.56%, the dimensionless critical mass is the highest. However, due to the small difference of the improvement, the effect of texture area ratio (> 12.56%) on bearing stability is not significant. The effect of texture parameters on the bearing stability with different width-diameter ratio is various. When the width-diameter ratio is small, the texture will reduce the stability, while for bearings with large width-diameter ratio, the stability can be improved.",
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"title": "Optimizing color transfer using color similarity measurement",
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"abstract": "Color transfer algorithms alter the color appearance in the source image by borrowing colors from the target image. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective generalized color transfer algorithm, taking into consideration the influences contributed from both the source and target images. We introduce the Gaussian membership function as our first color similarity measurement. This function aims at balancing the degree of similarity of color distributions between source and resultant images and that between target and resultant images, respectively. With regard to the second color similarity measurement, we combine color histogram with the statistic concept of the correlation. Referring to different weights, the histogram correlation method derives correlations at each color channel between source and resultant images and those between target and resultant images. Color transfer is optimized by automatically stabilizing correlations before producing the final color transfer resultant image. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm automatically takes into consideration the source and target images producing a visually plausible result. The statics comparison shows that our scheme outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "Color transfer algorithms alter the color appearance in the source image by borrowing colors from the target image. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective generalized color transfer algorithm, taking into consideration the influences contributed from both the source and target images. We introduce the Gaussian membership function as our first color similarity measurement. This function aims at balancing the degree of similarity of color distributions between source and resultant images and that between target and resultant images, respectively. With regard to the second color similarity measurement, we combine color histogram with the statistic concept of the correlation. Referring to different weights, the histogram correlation method derives correlations at each color channel between source and resultant images and those between target and resultant images. Color transfer is optimized by automatically stabilizing correlations before producing the final color transfer resultant image. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm automatically takes into consideration the source and target images producing a visually plausible result. The statics comparison shows that our scheme outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Color transfer algorithms alter the color appearance in the source image by borrowing colors from the target image. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective generalized color transfer algorithm, taking into consideration the influences contributed from both the source and target images. We introduce the Gaussian membership function as our first color similarity measurement. This function aims at balancing the degree of similarity of color distributions between source and resultant images and that between target and resultant images, respectively. With regard to the second color similarity measurement, we combine color histogram with the statistic concept of the correlation. Referring to different weights, the histogram correlation method derives correlations at each color channel between source and resultant images and those between target and resultant images. Color transfer is optimized by automatically stabilizing correlations before producing the final color transfer resultant image. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm automatically takes into consideration the source and target images producing a visually plausible result. The statics comparison shows that our scheme outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.",
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"affiliation": "National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan",
"fullName": "Wei-Sung Chen",
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{
"affiliation": "National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan",
"fullName": "Ming-Long Huang",
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{
"affiliation": "National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan",
"fullName": "Chung-Ming Wang",
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"normalizedAbstract": "We present a deep learning pipeline that leverages network self-prior to recover a full 3D model consisting of both a triangular mesh and a texture map from the colored 3D point cloud. Different from previous methods either exploiting 2D self-prior for image editing or 3D self-prior for pure surface reconstruction, we propose to exploit a novel hybrid 2D-3D self-prior in deep neural networks to significantly improve the geometry quality and produce a high-resolution texture map, which is typically missing from the output of commodity-level 3D scanners. In particular, we first generate an initial mesh using a 3D convolutional neural network with 3D self-prior, and then encode both 3D information and color information in the 2D UV atlas, which is further refined by 2D convolutional neural networks with the self-prior. In this way, both 2D and 3D self-priors are utilized for the mesh and texture recovery. Experiments show that, without the need of any additional training data, our method recovers the 3D textured mesh model of high quality from sparse input, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both geometry and texture quality.",
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"abstract": "The production of color 3D printing technology for large building decoration parts is much more efficient than artificial sculpture. But based on special requirements, the surface of the printed object can have color. And the current commonly used 3D printing technology printed objects is no color requirements. Therefore, the large building decoration color 3D printing needs to obtain the color information of the model surface. This paper proposes a fast slice and color acquisition algorithm for the 3D model, first converting the model surface triangle into triprisms with printing thickness to form the surface color area, then obtains the color information coordinate formula using the model triangle topology, and calculates the color information coordinates of adj acent pixels for color 3D printing. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired purpose, high efficiency, good versatility and wide application.",
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"content": "The production of color 3D printing technology for large building decoration parts is much more efficient than artificial sculpture. But based on special requirements, the surface of the printed object can have color. And the current commonly used 3D printing technology printed objects is no color requirements. Therefore, the large building decoration color 3D printing needs to obtain the color information of the model surface. This paper proposes a fast slice and color acquisition algorithm for the 3D model, first converting the model surface triangle into triprisms with printing thickness to form the surface color area, then obtains the color information coordinate formula using the model triangle topology, and calculates the color information coordinates of adj acent pixels for color 3D printing. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired purpose, high efficiency, good versatility and wide application.",
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"abstract": "Cartoon image annotation and retrieval is critical for cartoonists to effectively and efficiently make cartoons by reusing existing cartoon data. To successfully achieve these tasks, it is essential to build an abundant cartoon database first and then annotate and retrieve them efficiently. This paper studies and realizes a cartoon images annotation and retrieval system which supports interactive fast cartoon making. Firstly, the framework of the system, which consists of three modules including cartoon database management, cartoon image annotation and cartoon image retrieval, is introduced. Secondly, considering the features of cartoon scene images having less color number, higher hue saturation and wider color distribution than nature scene images, a cartoon scene annotation method based on the idea of retrieval and adopts image matching and label clustering method is proposed. To further enhance the image matching performance, global color feature and local CSIFT feature are combined in this method. Thirdly, as for the cartoon character image, which is another kind of important reusable image, a shape-based retrieval method is put forward. Here, shape feature extraction is focused to make sure that all the chromatic and monochrome character images can be annotated. Finally, various browsing and retrieval methods based on the feature of color, local invariant feature and shape, etc., which contributes a lot to the reuse of cartoon images, are proposed. The established system has already been applied to the cartoon enterprise and has been proved to be effective in supporting fast cartoon making.",
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"abstract": "In the animation industry, cartoon videos are usually produced at low frame rate since hand drawing of such frames is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, it is desirable to develop computational models that can automatically interpolate the in-between animation frames. However, existing video interpolation methods fail to produce satisfying results on animation data. Compared to natural videos, animation videos possess two unique characteristics that make frame interpolation difficult: 1) cartoons comprise lines and smooth color pieces. The smooth areas lack textures and make it difficult to estimate accurate motions on animation videos. 2) cartoons express stories via exaggeration. Some of the motions are non-linear and extremely large. In this work, we formally define and study the animation video interpolation problem for the first time. To address the aforementioned challenges, we propose an effective framework, AnimeInterp, with two dedicated modules in a coarse-to-fine manner. Specifically, 1) Segment-Guided Matching resolves the \"lack of textures\" challenge by exploiting global matching among color pieces that are piece-wise coherent. 2) Recurrent Flow Refinement resolves the \"non-linear and extremely large motion\" challenge by recur-rent predictions using a transformer-like architecture. To facilitate comprehensive training and evaluations, we build a large-scale animation triplet dataset, ATD-12K, which comprises 12,000 triplets with rich annotations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art interpolation methods for animation videos. Notably, AnimeInterp shows favorable perceptual quality and robustness for animation scenarios in the wild. The proposed dataset and code are available at https://github.com/lisiyao21/AnimeInterp/.",
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"doi": "10.1109/VR.2013.6549382",
"title": "Poster: Do walking motions enhance visually induced self-motion illusions in virtual reality?",
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"abstract": "Locomotion interfaces that support physical self-motion in virtual reality facilitate spatial updating, but have relatively high cost and typically require large physical spaces. A better understanding of the illusion of self-motion, or vection, presents a potential solution to this problem. Though circular self-motion illusions induced using only visuals or only walking have been investigated previously, the interaction between these two types has not. We conducted an experiment to examine the additive effects of walking stimuli and visual motion cues on intensity and convincingness of circular veetion. Our results indicate a trend towards decreased vection onset time when illusory rotation stimuli were combined. Measures of intensity and convincingness were also rated higher for the combined stimulus condition when compared with walking or visual stimuli separately. Consequently, lean and elegant virtual reality interface designs should include both walking and visual stimuli for a compelling experience of self-motion.",
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"content": "Locomotion interfaces that support physical self-motion in virtual reality facilitate spatial updating, but have relatively high cost and typically require large physical spaces. A better understanding of the illusion of self-motion, or vection, presents a potential solution to this problem. Though circular self-motion illusions induced using only visuals or only walking have been investigated previously, the interaction between these two types has not. We conducted an experiment to examine the additive effects of walking stimuli and visual motion cues on intensity and convincingness of circular veetion. Our results indicate a trend towards decreased vection onset time when illusory rotation stimuli were combined. Measures of intensity and convincingness were also rated higher for the combined stimulus condition when compared with walking or visual stimuli separately. Consequently, lean and elegant virtual reality interface designs should include both walking and visual stimuli for a compelling experience of self-motion.",
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"abstract": "The rubber hand illusion is a simple illusion where participants can be induced to report and behave as if a rubber hand is part of their body. The induction is usually done by an experimenter tapping both a rubber hand prop and the participant's real hand: the touch and visual feedback of the taps must be synchronous and aligned to some extent. The illusion is usually tested by several means including a physical threat to the rubber hand. The response to the threat can be measured by galvanic skin response (GSR): those that have the illusion showed a marked rise in GSR. Based on our own and reported experiences with immersive virtual reality (IVR), we ask whether a similar illusion is induced naturally within IVR? Does the participant report and behave as if the virtual arm is part of their body? We show that participants in a HMD-based IVR who see a virtual body can experience similar responses to threats as those in comparable rubber hand illusion experiments. We show that these responses can be negated by replacing the virtual body with an abstract cursor representing the hand, and that the responses are stable under some gradual forced distortion of tracker space so that proprioceptive and visual information are not matched.",
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"content": "The rubber hand illusion is a simple illusion where participants can be induced to report and behave as if a rubber hand is part of their body. The induction is usually done by an experimenter tapping both a rubber hand prop and the participant's real hand: the touch and visual feedback of the taps must be synchronous and aligned to some extent. The illusion is usually tested by several means including a physical threat to the rubber hand. The response to the threat can be measured by galvanic skin response (GSR): those that have the illusion showed a marked rise in GSR. Based on our own and reported experiences with immersive virtual reality (IVR), we ask whether a similar illusion is induced naturally within IVR? Does the participant report and behave as if the virtual arm is part of their body? We show that participants in a HMD-based IVR who see a virtual body can experience similar responses to threats as those in comparable rubber hand illusion experiments. We show that these responses can be negated by replacing the virtual body with an abstract cursor representing the hand, and that the responses are stable under some gradual forced distortion of tracker space so that proprioceptive and visual information are not matched.",
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"affiliation": "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. Coll. London, London, UK",
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"title": "Comparing Meditation and Immersive Virtual Environment for Relaxation",
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"abstract": "Traditionally, meditation has been used to help people change their emotional states, and most beginners practice meditation by closing their eyes to imagine a relaxing scenario. In this study, we explore the use of sensory information provided by immersive Virtual Reality Environments (VRE) to help people relax. We have designed two scenes in the VRE to help people transform from an anxious state into a more relaxed state. Previous workhas confirmed that the emotions of humans can be detected by observable quantifiable data. In this work, the emotional states of users are detected through physiological measurements. The results show that meditation makes participants relaxed possibly through a physiological mechanism while immersing in a natural VR environment can help users achieve better relaxation through positive sensory information. The users also indicated preferences on the types of virtual scenes that can help relaxation, which sheds some light on the future direction of customizing virtual scenes to achieve better effects for different users.",
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"content": "Traditionally, meditation has been used to help people change their emotional states, and most beginners practice meditation by closing their eyes to imagine a relaxing scenario. In this study, we explore the use of sensory information provided by immersive Virtual Reality Environments (VRE) to help people relax. We have designed two scenes in the VRE to help people transform from an anxious state into a more relaxed state. Previous workhas confirmed that the emotions of humans can be detected by observable quantifiable data. In this work, the emotional states of users are detected through physiological measurements. The results show that meditation makes participants relaxed possibly through a physiological mechanism while immersing in a natural VR environment can help users achieve better relaxation through positive sensory information. The users also indicated preferences on the types of virtual scenes that can help relaxation, which sheds some light on the future direction of customizing virtual scenes to achieve better effects for different users.",
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"authors": [
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"affiliation": "National Chengchi University,Computer Science Dept,Taipei,Taiwan",
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"affiliation": "National Chengchi University,Computer Science Dept,Taipei,Taiwan",
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"abstract": "The advent of pen-based interfaces has led to the development of many applications concerning the analysis of a drawn shape. But a drawing is not only a shape. It is also all the gestures which constitutes the drawing activity, as well as their planning. Pen-based interfaces give us the possibility to analyze this dimension of sketching. We call this kind of analysis: procedural analysis. In this article, we will show how to identify the privileged drawing procedures of users by identifying a constant pattern despite a huge within-drawer variability in drawing procedures. After stating how to extract this constant pattern, we shall show how we can use those results into a drawing-based user identification method.",
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"content": "The advent of pen-based interfaces has led to the development of many applications concerning the analysis of a drawn shape. But a drawing is not only a shape. It is also all the gestures which constitutes the drawing activity, as well as their planning. Pen-based interfaces give us the possibility to analyze this dimension of sketching. We call this kind of analysis: procedural analysis. In this article, we will show how to identify the privileged drawing procedures of users by identifying a constant pattern despite a huge within-drawer variability in drawing procedures. After stating how to extract this constant pattern, we shall show how we can use those results into a drawing-based user identification method.",
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"abstract": "Heterogeneous architectures consisting of general-purpose CPUs and throughput-optimized GPUs are projected to be the dominant computing platforms for many classes of applications. The design of such systems is more complex than that of homogeneous architectures because maximizing resource utilization while minimizing shared resource interference between CPU and GPU applications is difficult. We show that GPU applications tend to monopolize the shared hardware resources, such as memory and network, because of their high thread-level parallelism (TLP), and discuss the limitations of existing GPU-based concurrency management techniques when employed in heterogeneous systems. To solve this problem, we propose an integrated concurrency management strategy that modulates the TLP in GPUs to control the performance of both CPU and GPU applications. This mechanism considers both GPU core state and system-wide memory and network congestion information to dynamically decide on the level of GPU concurrency to maximize system performance. We propose and evaluate two schemes: one (CM-CPU) for boosting CPU performance in the presence of GPU interference, the other (CM-BAL) for improving both CPU and GPU performance in a balanced manner and thus overall system performance. Our evaluations show that the first scheme improves average CPU performance by 24%, while reducing average GPU performance by 11%. The second scheme provides 7% average performance improvement for both CPU and GPU applications. We also show that our solution allows the user to control performance trade-offs between CPUs and GPUs.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "Heterogeneous architectures consisting of general-purpose CPUs and throughput-optimized GPUs are projected to be the dominant computing platforms for many classes of applications. The design of such systems is more complex than that of homogeneous architectures because maximizing resource utilization while minimizing shared resource interference between CPU and GPU applications is difficult. We show that GPU applications tend to monopolize the shared hardware resources, such as memory and network, because of their high thread-level parallelism (TLP), and discuss the limitations of existing GPU-based concurrency management techniques when employed in heterogeneous systems. To solve this problem, we propose an integrated concurrency management strategy that modulates the TLP in GPUs to control the performance of both CPU and GPU applications. This mechanism considers both GPU core state and system-wide memory and network congestion information to dynamically decide on the level of GPU concurrency to maximize system performance. We propose and evaluate two schemes: one (CM-CPU) for boosting CPU performance in the presence of GPU interference, the other (CM-BAL) for improving both CPU and GPU performance in a balanced manner and thus overall system performance. Our evaluations show that the first scheme improves average CPU performance by 24%, while reducing average GPU performance by 11%. The second scheme provides 7% average performance improvement for both CPU and GPU applications. We also show that our solution allows the user to control performance trade-offs between CPUs and GPUs.",
"__typename": "ArticleAbstractType"
}
],
"normalizedAbstract": "Heterogeneous architectures consisting of general-purpose CPUs and throughput-optimized GPUs are projected to be the dominant computing platforms for many classes of applications. The design of such systems is more complex than that of homogeneous architectures because maximizing resource utilization while minimizing shared resource interference between CPU and GPU applications is difficult. We show that GPU applications tend to monopolize the shared hardware resources, such as memory and network, because of their high thread-level parallelism (TLP), and discuss the limitations of existing GPU-based concurrency management techniques when employed in heterogeneous systems. To solve this problem, we propose an integrated concurrency management strategy that modulates the TLP in GPUs to control the performance of both CPU and GPU applications. This mechanism considers both GPU core state and system-wide memory and network congestion information to dynamically decide on the level of GPU concurrency to maximize system performance. We propose and evaluate two schemes: one (CM-CPU) for boosting CPU performance in the presence of GPU interference, the other (CM-BAL) for improving both CPU and GPU performance in a balanced manner and thus overall system performance. Our evaluations show that the first scheme improves average CPU performance by 24%, while reducing average GPU performance by 11%. The second scheme provides 7% average performance improvement for both CPU and GPU applications. We also show that our solution allows the user to control performance trade-offs between CPUs and GPUs.",
"fno": "6998a114",
"keywords": [
"Graphics Processing Units",
"Concurrent Computing",
"Computer Architecture",
"Central Processing Unit",
"System Performance",
"Resource Management",
"Bandwidth",
"Resource Management",
"Heterogeneous Architectures",
"CPU GPU",
"GP Us",
"Concurrency",
"Thread Level Parallelism",
"Scheduling"
],
"authors": [
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Onur Kayiran",
"givenName": "Onur",
"surname": "Kayiran",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Nachiappan Chidambaram Nachiappan",
"givenName": "Nachiappan Chidambaram",
"surname": "Nachiappan",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Adwait Jog",
"givenName": "Adwait",
"surname": "Jog",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Rachata Ausavarungnirun",
"givenName": "Rachata",
"surname": "Ausavarungnirun",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Mahmut T. Kandemir",
"givenName": "Mahmut T.",
"surname": "Kandemir",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Gabriel H. Loh",
"givenName": "Gabriel H.",
"surname": "Loh",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Onur Mutlu",
"givenName": "Onur",
"surname": "Mutlu",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
},
{
"affiliation": null,
"fullName": "Chita R. Das",
"givenName": "Chita R.",
"surname": "Das",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
}
],
"idPrefix": "micro",
"isOpenAccess": false,
"showRecommendedArticles": true,
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"pubDate": "2014-12-01T00:00:00",
"pubType": "proceedings",
"pages": "114-126",
"year": "2014",
"issn": "1072-4451",
"isbn": "978-1-4799-6998-2",
"notes": null,
"notesType": null,
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