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"abstract": "As the number of processes in parallel applications increases, the importance of parallel I/O is also emphasized. Collective I/O is the specialized parallel I/O which provides the function of single-file-based parallel I/O. Collective I/O in popular message-passing interface (MPI) libraries follows a two-phase I/O scheme, in which the particular processes, namely I/O aggregators, perform important roles by engaging communications and I/O operations. Although there have been many previous works to improve the performance of collective I/O, it is hard to find a study about an I/O aggregator assignment considering multi-core architecture. Nowadays, many HPC systems use the multi-core system as a computational node. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of multi-core architecture, such as processor affinity, in order to increase the performance of parallel applications. In this paper, we discovered that the communication costs in collective I/O were different according to the placement of I/O aggregators, where the computational nodes consisted of multi-core system and each node had multiple I/O aggregators. We also proposed a modified collective I/O scheme, in order to reduce the communication costs of collective I/O, by proper placement of I/O aggregators. The performance of our proposed scheme was examined on a Linux cluster system and the result demonstrated performance improvements in the range of 7.08% to 90.46% for read operations and 20.67% to 90.18% for write operations.",
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"abstract": "In order to improve the urban road traffic accident rescue efficiency so that accident wounded mortality and disability can be sharply reduced, we introduced geographic information system for transportation (GIS-T) and the idea of hierarchical control to the accident rescue system construction, proposed a measurable solution for system construction. This article first simply introduced the development of GIS-T and urban road traffic accident rescue, then proposed the construction of \"partitionmanagement, hierarchical processing\" mode for accident rescue system, and specifically described the functional analysis and operation mechanism of the system, evaluated the efficiency of the system by the use of AHP evaluation method. Finally, a construction program of GIS-Ttechnology-based, measurable and efficient rescue system of urban road traffic accident formed.",
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"title": "Research on Navigation Method in 3D Geographic Information System for Water Conservancy Projects of Large Basin",
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"abstract": "Based on the daily management of water conservancy projects in large basin, one of very effective methods is to use the three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS), which can greatly improve efficiency and cut down the costs resulted from the large area, complicated situation of terrain, and the higher overhead expenses. However, the most frustrating barriers to the widespread use of 3D GIS is the additional difficulty in 3D navigation. The previous research on 3D GIS is reviewed at these aspects of various domains including precision agriculture and Digital River. In order to solve the problem, a holistic resolve treated longitude and latitude as a link between 2D and 3D GIS application to achieve the parameters of a link each other, which is designed according to the actual characteristics of basin simulation system construction based upon a uniform programming framework. This method not only achieves the real-time navigation of virtual 3D geographical scenes but also makes it mapping the geographical coordinates in 2D navigation map and 3D GIS application one. And become real in a basin simulation system too. In this paper, its fundamental idea, implementation techniques and application analysis of the Tarim River Simulation System as a case are discussed. Presently, it has been applied in simulation management of the Tarim River Basin and shows high facility and efficiency.",
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"content": "Based on the daily management of water conservancy projects in large basin, one of very effective methods is to use the three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS), which can greatly improve efficiency and cut down the costs resulted from the large area, complicated situation of terrain, and the higher overhead expenses. However, the most frustrating barriers to the widespread use of 3D GIS is the additional difficulty in 3D navigation. The previous research on 3D GIS is reviewed at these aspects of various domains including precision agriculture and Digital River. In order to solve the problem, a holistic resolve treated longitude and latitude as a link between 2D and 3D GIS application to achieve the parameters of a link each other, which is designed according to the actual characteristics of basin simulation system construction based upon a uniform programming framework. This method not only achieves the real-time navigation of virtual 3D geographical scenes but also makes it mapping the geographical coordinates in 2D navigation map and 3D GIS application one. And become real in a basin simulation system too. In this paper, its fundamental idea, implementation techniques and application analysis of the Tarim River Simulation System as a case are discussed. Presently, it has been applied in simulation management of the Tarim River Basin and shows high facility and efficiency.",
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"content": "Due to the weak boundary, narrow or even disappeared joint space and varying topology in challenging CT, accurate segmentation of the femur from hip joint is still a difficult task. To address this problem, the proposed method combines anatomical information of relative location of bone tissues and neighboring slices to predict a statistical model for Joint space identification. A novel idea in this paper for separating the femur head from the rest parts is the usage of barrier line, and the characteristic of improved harmonic field make the barrier line smoother and attracts the barrier to boundary of femur more closely, which guarantees the accuracy in segmenting the bone tissues with narrow space. We have evaluated our method on 40 hips including pathologies. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.",
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"title": "On-line error detection for finite field multipliers",
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"abstract": "In this paper error-detection is applied to finite field multipliers. It is shown that by using parity prediction, error-detection can be incorporated into these multipliers with very low hardware overheads. The structures of error-detection circuits for any finite field are given for these multipliers. The hardware overheads of these methods are independent of m and so for large values of m the presented approaches are particularly hardware efficient. The fault coverage of these structures are investigated by simulation experiments.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "In this paper error-detection is applied to finite field multipliers. It is shown that by using parity prediction, error-detection can be incorporated into these multipliers with very low hardware overheads. The structures of error-detection circuits for any finite field are given for these multipliers. The hardware overheads of these methods are independent of m and so for large values of m the presented approaches are particularly hardware efficient. The fault coverage of these structures are investigated by simulation experiments.",
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"abstract": "In order to avoid the possible gaps and clusters that arise from random sampling in Monte Carlo (MC) methods, and improve the sampling efficiency and calculation accuracy, the Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are to be applied to replace it. The idea in QMC is to use more regularly distributed and deterministic points for sampling an integrand. We propose a new nonlinear filter by applying the QMC sampling methods to the particle filter algorithm. Given certain proposal distributions, a simulation example is presented. The results show that the nonlinear filter based on the QMC methods performs more efficient than that based on the MC methods. The performance provides some references for the real-time application of particle filter in nonlinear / non-Gaussian systems.",
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"abstract": "A computer simulation model is proposed to generating Doppler ultrasound signals from pulsatile blood flow in the vessels with various stenosis degrees. The model take into account velocity field from pulsatile blood flow in the stenosed vessels, sample volume shape and acoustic factors that affect the Doppler signals. By solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the velocity distributions of pulsatile blood flow in the vessels with various stenosis degrees are firstly calculated according to the velocity at the axis of the circular tube. Secondly, power spectral density (PSD) of the Doppler signals is estimated by summing the contribution of all scatterers passing through the sample volume grouped into elemental volumes. Finally, Doppler signals are generated using cosine-superposed components that are modulated by a power spectral density function varying over the cardiac cycle. The model generates Doppler blood flow signals with the characteristics similar to those found in practice. The results show that the proposed approach is useful for simulating Doppler ultrasound signals from pulsatile blood flow in stenosed vessels.",
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"content": "A computer simulation model is proposed to generating Doppler ultrasound signals from pulsatile blood flow in the vessels with various stenosis degrees. The model take into account velocity field from pulsatile blood flow in the stenosed vessels, sample volume shape and acoustic factors that affect the Doppler signals. By solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the velocity distributions of pulsatile blood flow in the vessels with various stenosis degrees are firstly calculated according to the velocity at the axis of the circular tube. Secondly, power spectral density (PSD) of the Doppler signals is estimated by summing the contribution of all scatterers passing through the sample volume grouped into elemental volumes. Finally, Doppler signals are generated using cosine-superposed components that are modulated by a power spectral density function varying over the cardiac cycle. The model generates Doppler blood flow signals with the characteristics similar to those found in practice. The results show that the proposed approach is useful for simulating Doppler ultrasound signals from pulsatile blood flow in stenosed vessels.",
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"abstract": "Despite significant progress over the past several decades in neural research there still remains an ingrained tendency to approach the field using overly reductionistic as well as linear theories and methods. We are just beginning to appreciate the complexity of the brain. A further shift in our \"consciousness\" about neural dynamics is needed to take the next steps in brain research. We need to use more reflexively what we have learned about the nonlinear dynamical and complex nature of the brain to attempt to \"bootstrap\" our own thinking processes about neural science itself.",
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"abstract": "The separate development between the storage system and scientific application has hidden most of internal implementation strategies of the storage system from the scientific application designers. This would worsen the existing I/O bottleneck problem of most scientific applications to some extent. To address this problem, this study chooses the matrix and its parallel out-of-core product algorithm to study the interactions between the applications and the parallel storage system. Especially, the data distribution and access interfaces of the matrix are analyzed and optimized firstly. Then, the communication among processes are incorporated into the parallel out-of-core matrix multiplication algorithm to reduce its disk access times. Experiments show that the proposed optimizations can reduce the time spent in accessing data from disk and accelerate the parallel out-of-core matrix product.",
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"content": "The separate development between the storage system and scientific application has hidden most of internal implementation strategies of the storage system from the scientific application designers. This would worsen the existing I/O bottleneck problem of most scientific applications to some extent. To address this problem, this study chooses the matrix and its parallel out-of-core product algorithm to study the interactions between the applications and the parallel storage system. Especially, the data distribution and access interfaces of the matrix are analyzed and optimized firstly. Then, the communication among processes are incorporated into the parallel out-of-core matrix multiplication algorithm to reduce its disk access times. Experiments show that the proposed optimizations can reduce the time spent in accessing data from disk and accelerate the parallel out-of-core matrix product.",
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"abstract": "Summary form only given. Large data sets that cannot fit in memory can be addressed with out-of-core methods, which use memory as a \"window \" to view a section of the data stored on disk at a time. The parallel Matlab for eXtreme virtual memory (pMatlab XVM) library adds out-of-core extensions to the parallel Matlab (pMatlab) library. We have applied pMatlab XVM to the DARPA high productivity computing systems' HPCchallenge FFT benchmark. The benchmark was run using several different implementations: C+MPI, pMatlab, pMatlab hand coded for out-of-core and pMatlab XVM. These experiments found 1) the performance of the C+MPI and pMatlab versions were comparable; 2) the out-of-core versions deliver 80% of the performance of the in-core versions; 3) the out-of-core versions were able to perform a 1 terabyte (64 billion point) FFT and 4) the pMatlab XVM program was smaller, easier to implement and verify, and more efficient than its hand coded equivalent. We are transitioning this technology to several DoD signal processing applications and plan to apply pMatlab XVM to the full HPCchallenge benchmark suite. Using next generation hardware, problems sizes a factor of 100 to 1000 times larger should be feasible",
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{
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"content": "Summary form only given. Large data sets that cannot fit in memory can be addressed with out-of-core methods, which use memory as a \"window \" to view a section of the data stored on disk at a time. The parallel Matlab for eXtreme virtual memory (pMatlab XVM) library adds out-of-core extensions to the parallel Matlab (pMatlab) library. We have applied pMatlab XVM to the DARPA high productivity computing systems' HPCchallenge FFT benchmark. The benchmark was run using several different implementations: C+MPI, pMatlab, pMatlab hand coded for out-of-core and pMatlab XVM. These experiments found 1) the performance of the C+MPI and pMatlab versions were comparable; 2) the out-of-core versions deliver 80% of the performance of the in-core versions; 3) the out-of-core versions were able to perform a 1 terabyte (64 billion point) FFT and 4) the pMatlab XVM program was smaller, easier to implement and verify, and more efficient than its hand coded equivalent. We are transitioning this technology to several DoD signal processing applications and plan to apply pMatlab XVM to the full HPCchallenge benchmark suite. Using next generation hardware, problems sizes a factor of 100 to 1000 times larger should be feasible",
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"affiliation": "MIT Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA",
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"abstract": "In this work we improve training of temporal deep models to better learn activity progression for activity detection and early detection tasks. Conventionally, when training a Recurrent Neural Network, specifically a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model, the training loss only considers classification error. However, we argue that the detection score of the correct activity category, or the detection score margin between the correct and incorrect categories, should be monotonically non-decreasing as the model observes more of the activity. We design novel ranking losses that directly penalize the model on violation of such monotonicities, which are used together with classification loss in training of LSTM models. Evaluation on ActivityNet shows significant benefits of the proposed ranking losses in both activity detection and early detection tasks.",
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"abstract": "Facial expressions form a universal language of emotions, which can instantly express a wide range of emotional states and feelings. The analysis of facial expressions and the accurate recognition of their emotional content are highly desired and assistive in a wide spectrum of domains. In this paper, we present a work on the analysis of facial expressions and the recognition of emotions using an approach that is based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems. Initially, given a new image, human faces are detected using the Viola-Jones algorithm. Then, facial expressions are analyzed and facial deformations of specific regions such as eyes, eyebrows and mouth are located and then characteristics such as locations, length, width and shape are extracted. The feature vectors represent the deformations of the facial expression and based on them the emotional content of the facial expressions is recognized using an approach that is based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems. An evaluation study was conducted on the JAFFE database and the results collected were very encouraging indicating that the approach is efficient and accurate in analyzing facial expressions and recognizing their emotional content.",
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"title": "Facial Expression Editing in Face Sketch Using Shape Space Theory",
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"abstract": "Facial expression editing in face sketch is an important and challenging problem in computer vision community as facial animation and modeling. For criminal investigation and portrait drawing, automatic expression editing tools for face sketch improve work efficiency obviously and reduce professional requirements for users. In this paper, we propose a novel method for facial expression editing in face sketch using shape space theory. The new facial expressions in the sketch images can be regenerated automatically. The method includes two components: 1) face sketch modeling; 2) expression editing. The face sketch modeling constructs 3D face sketch data from 3D facial database to match the 2D face sketch. Using facial landmarks, the \"shape\" of the face sketch is represented in shape space. The shape space is a manifold space which removes the rigid transform group. In shape space, the accurate 3D face sketch model is obtained which is consistent to the original 2D face sketch. For expression editing, we change the parameters of 3D face sketch model in the shape space to obtain new expressions. The expression transfer in 3D face sketch model can be mapped into the 2D face sketch. The advantages of our method are: full-automatic in modeling process; no requirements of drawing skills to user and friendly interaction; robustness to head poses and different scales. In experiments, we use the 3D facial database, FaceWareHouse, to construct the 3D face sketch model and use face sketch images from database: CUHK Face sketch Database (CUFS) to show the performance of expression editing. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively edit facial expressions in face sketch with high consistency and fidelity.",
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"content": "Facial expression editing in face sketch is an important and challenging problem in computer vision community as facial animation and modeling. For criminal investigation and portrait drawing, automatic expression editing tools for face sketch improve work efficiency obviously and reduce professional requirements for users. In this paper, we propose a novel method for facial expression editing in face sketch using shape space theory. The new facial expressions in the sketch images can be regenerated automatically. The method includes two components: 1) face sketch modeling; 2) expression editing. The face sketch modeling constructs 3D face sketch data from 3D facial database to match the 2D face sketch. Using facial landmarks, the \"shape\" of the face sketch is represented in shape space. The shape space is a manifold space which removes the rigid transform group. In shape space, the accurate 3D face sketch model is obtained which is consistent to the original 2D face sketch. For expression editing, we change the parameters of 3D face sketch model in the shape space to obtain new expressions. The expression transfer in 3D face sketch model can be mapped into the 2D face sketch. The advantages of our method are: full-automatic in modeling process; no requirements of drawing skills to user and friendly interaction; robustness to head poses and different scales. In experiments, we use the 3D facial database, FaceWareHouse, to construct the 3D face sketch model and use face sketch images from database: CUHK Face sketch Database (CUFS) to show the performance of expression editing. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively edit facial expressions in face sketch with high consistency and fidelity.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Facial expression editing in face sketch is an important and challenging problem in computer vision community as facial animation and modeling. For criminal investigation and portrait drawing, automatic expression editing tools for face sketch improve work efficiency obviously and reduce professional requirements for users. In this paper, we propose a novel method for facial expression editing in face sketch using shape space theory. The new facial expressions in the sketch images can be regenerated automatically. The method includes two components: 1) face sketch modeling; 2) expression editing. The face sketch modeling constructs 3D face sketch data from 3D facial database to match the 2D face sketch. Using facial landmarks, the \"shape\" of the face sketch is represented in shape space. The shape space is a manifold space which removes the rigid transform group. In shape space, the accurate 3D face sketch model is obtained which is consistent to the original 2D face sketch. For expression editing, we change the parameters of 3D face sketch model in the shape space to obtain new expressions. The expression transfer in 3D face sketch model can be mapped into the 2D face sketch. The advantages of our method are: full-automatic in modeling process; no requirements of drawing skills to user and friendly interaction; robustness to head poses and different scales. In experiments, we use the 3D facial database, FaceWareHouse, to construct the 3D face sketch model and use face sketch images from database: CUHK Face sketch Database (CUFS) to show the performance of expression editing. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively edit facial expressions in face sketch with high consistency and fidelity.",
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"title": "Detection and Localization of Facial Expression Manipulations",
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"abstract": "Concerns regarding the wide-spread use of forged images and videos in social media necessitate precise detection of such fraud. Facial manipulations can be created by Identity swap (DeepFake) or Expression swap. Contrary to the identity swap, which can easily be detected with novel deepfake detection methods, expression swap detection has not yet been addressed extensively. The importance of facial expressions in inter-person communication is known. Consequently, it is important to develop methods that can detect and localize manipulations in facial expressions.To this end, we present a novel framework to exploit the underlying feature representations of facial expressions learned from expression recognition models to identify the manipulated features. Using discriminative feature maps extracted from a facial expression recognition framework, our manipulation detector is able to localize the manipulated regions of input images and videos. On the Face2Face dataset, (abundant expression manipulation), and Neural-Textures dataset (facial expressions manipulation corresponding to the mouth regions), our method achieves higher accuracy for both classification and localization of manipulations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method performs at-par with the state-of-the-art methods in cases where the expression is not manipulated, but rather the identity is changed, leading to a generalized approach for facial manipulation detection.",
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"content": "Concerns regarding the wide-spread use of forged images and videos in social media necessitate precise detection of such fraud. Facial manipulations can be created by Identity swap (DeepFake) or Expression swap. Contrary to the identity swap, which can easily be detected with novel deepfake detection methods, expression swap detection has not yet been addressed extensively. The importance of facial expressions in inter-person communication is known. Consequently, it is important to develop methods that can detect and localize manipulations in facial expressions.To this end, we present a novel framework to exploit the underlying feature representations of facial expressions learned from expression recognition models to identify the manipulated features. Using discriminative feature maps extracted from a facial expression recognition framework, our manipulation detector is able to localize the manipulated regions of input images and videos. On the Face2Face dataset, (abundant expression manipulation), and Neural-Textures dataset (facial expressions manipulation corresponding to the mouth regions), our method achieves higher accuracy for both classification and localization of manipulations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method performs at-par with the state-of-the-art methods in cases where the expression is not manipulated, but rather the identity is changed, leading to a generalized approach for facial manipulation detection.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "Concerns regarding the wide-spread use of forged images and videos in social media necessitate precise detection of such fraud. Facial manipulations can be created by Identity swap (DeepFake) or Expression swap. Contrary to the identity swap, which can easily be detected with novel deepfake detection methods, expression swap detection has not yet been addressed extensively. The importance of facial expressions in inter-person communication is known. Consequently, it is important to develop methods that can detect and localize manipulations in facial expressions.To this end, we present a novel framework to exploit the underlying feature representations of facial expressions learned from expression recognition models to identify the manipulated features. Using discriminative feature maps extracted from a facial expression recognition framework, our manipulation detector is able to localize the manipulated regions of input images and videos. On the Face2Face dataset, (abundant expression manipulation), and Neural-Textures dataset (facial expressions manipulation corresponding to the mouth regions), our method achieves higher accuracy for both classification and localization of manipulations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method performs at-par with the state-of-the-art methods in cases where the expression is not manipulated, but rather the identity is changed, leading to a generalized approach for facial manipulation detection.",
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"abstract": "Patterns and textures are key characteristics of many natural objects: a shirt can be striped, the wings of a butterfly can be veined, and the skin of an animal can be scaly. Aiming at supporting this dimension in image understanding, we address the problem of describing textures with semantic attributes. We identify a vocabulary of forty-seven texture terms and use them to describe a large dataset of patterns collected \"in the wild\". The resulting Describable Textures Dataset (DTD) is a basis to seek the best representation for recognizing describable texture attributes in images. We port from object recognition to texture recognition the Improved Fisher Vector (IFV) and Deep Convolutional-network Activation Features (DeCAF), and show that surprisingly, they both outperform specialized texture descriptors not only on our problem, but also in established material recognition datasets. We also show that our describable attributes are excellent texture descriptors, transferring between datasets and tasks, in particular, combined with IFV and DeCAF, they significantly outperform the state-of-the-art by more than 10% on both FMD and KTH-TIPS-2b benchmarks. We also demonstrate that they produce intuitive descriptions of materials and Internet images.",
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"abstract": "This paper records the research and development employed to create the visuals and concept art for \"La Petite Fee Cosmo\". \"La Petite Fee Cosmo\" is a 2D interactive learning game created to encourage learning through innovative teaching. The concept of productive failure served as a backbone for the game. Various creative art directions and methods were explored during the process so as to create the desired visual assets for the game. Experimentation was done in both digital and traditional mediums such as watercolour. Watercolour served as a useful medium to create fresh visuals to convey ideas. The spontaneity in which watercolour pigments interact with cotton paper creates interesting textures and visual interest. Watercolour was originally intended to be used as the primary medium for the game art however it was later replaced by digital mediums due to technical complications. Concept designs for characters, environments and props were created to assist the visualization process during the production of the game. Many of these visuals are inspired by actual locations and various artists. Emphasis was placed on creating refined visual assets to allow for increased appeal as well as increased engagement and interest.",
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