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"title": "A linear dual-space approach to 3D surface reconstruction from occluding contours using algebraic surfaces",
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"abstract": "We present a linear approach to the 3D reconstruction problem from occluding contours using algebraic surfaces. The problem of noise and missing data in the occluding contours extracted from the images leads us to this approach. Our approach is based first on the intensive use of the duality property between 3D points and tangent planes, and second on the algebraic representation of 3D surfaces by implicit polynomials of degree 2 and higher.",
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"content": "We present a linear approach to the 3D reconstruction problem from occluding contours using algebraic surfaces. The problem of noise and missing data in the occluding contours extracted from the images leads us to this approach. Our approach is based first on the intensive use of the duality property between 3D points and tangent planes, and second on the algebraic representation of 3D surfaces by implicit polynomials of degree 2 and higher.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "We present a linear approach to the 3D reconstruction problem from occluding contours using algebraic surfaces. The problem of noise and missing data in the occluding contours extracted from the images leads us to this approach. Our approach is based first on the intensive use of the duality property between 3D points and tangent planes, and second on the algebraic representation of 3D surfaces by implicit polynomials of degree 2 and higher.",
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"abstract": "Simple constraints on the sets of possible surface reflectances and illuminants are exploited in a new color constancy algorithm that builds upon Forsyth's (1990) theory of color constancy. The goal defined for a color constancy algorithm is to discount variations in the color and intensity of the incident illumination and thereby extract illumination-independent descriptors of surface colors from images. Forsyth's method is based on two constraints: first, the surface colors under a canonical illuminant all fall within an established maximal convex gamut of possible colors and second that a diagonal matrix accurately maps colors between illuminants. These constraints taken together turn out to be very effective in solving for color constancy; however, other strong assumptions about the scenes are required for the method to work-the illumination must be uniform, the surfaces must be planar, and there can be no specularities. We show that these restrictions are necessary only because Forsyth sets out to recover the intensity of descriptors. At the outset we abandon 3-dimensional descriptor recovery in favor of recovering only orientation (i.e. 2 dimensions). Intensity information is factored out of the problem by mapping 3-dimensional (r, g, b) camera responses onto 2-dimensional chromaticities; specifically (r/b, g/b). We show that this \"diagonal chromaticity space\" has two important properties: first, gamut convexity is preserved and second illumination change is still described by a diagonal matrix. It follows that Forsyth's algorithm can be directly applied to the recover chromaticity descriptors and from these the 3D descriptor orientations can be derived. The basic algorithm is then extended to include a maximal gamut constraint on the set of illuminants that is analogous to the gamut constraint on surface colors. The diagonal chromaticity space facilitates the expression of the illumination constraint in the algorithm. Tests on real images show that the algorithm provides good color constancy.",
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"abstract": "A 3-D generalization of the balloon model as a 3-D deformable surface, which evolves in 3-D images, is presented. It is deformed under the action of internal and external forces attracting the surface toward detected edge elements by means of an attraction potential. To solve the minimization problem for a surface, two simplified approaches are shown, defining a 3-D surface as a series of 2-D planar curves. Then the 3-D model is solved using the finite-element method, yielding greater stability and faster convergence. This model has been used to segment magnetic resonance images.<>",
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"content": "Learning 3D generative models from a dataset of monocular images enables self-supervised 3D reasoning and controllable synthesis. State-of-the-art 3D generative models are GANs that use neural 3D volumetric representations for synthesis. Images are synthesized by rendering the volumes from a given camera. These models can disentangle the 3D scene from the camera viewpoint in any generated image. However, most models do not disentangle other factors of image formation, such as geometry and appearance. In this paper, we design a 3D GAN which can learn a disentangled model of objects, just from monocular observations. Our model can disentangle the geometry and appearance variations in the scene, i.e., we can independently sample from the geometry and appearance spaces of the generative model. This is achieved using a novel non-rigid deformable scene formulation. A 3D volume that represents an object instance is computed as a non-rigidly deformed canonical 3D volume. Our method learns the canonical volume, as well as its deformations, jointly during training. This formulation also helps us improve the disentanglement between the 3D scene and the camera viewpoints using a novel pose regularization loss defined on the 3D deformation field. In addition, we model the inverse deformations, enabling the computation of dense correspondences between images generated by our model. Finally, we design an approach to embed real images into the latent space of our model, enabling editing of real images.",
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"abstract": "A charge equalization scheme with odd and even balance module is proposed in this paper, where all batteries in the pack are marked with odd or even number. The forward balance modules(FBM) are connected with battery indicated even number, while the backward balance modules(BBM) are connected with battery indicated odd number. This deliberate arrangement makes equalization circuit absorb advantage of FBM and BBM. Which can not only instantly realize bi-direction equalization, make the excessive energy current be equalized automatically from two direction, But also largely short the equalization time and efficiently prevent individuals from over charging or discharging. An experiment based on DSP controller is introduced to verify the feasibility of this circuit.",
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"title": "2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)",
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"title": "A Structural Texture Approach for Characterising Malignancy Associated Changes in Pap Smears Based on Mean-Shift and the Watershed Transform",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a novel structural approach to quantitatively characterising nuclear chromatin texture in light microscope images of Pap smears. The approach is based on segmenting the chromatin into blob-like primitives and characterising their properties and arrangement. The segmentation approach makes use of multiple focal planes. It comprises two basic steps: (i) mean-shift filtering in the feature space formed by concatenating pixel spatial coordinates and intensity values centred around the best all-in-focus plane, and (ii) hierarchical marker-based watershed segmentation. The paper also presents an empirical evaluation of the approach based on the classification of 43 routine clinical Pap smears. Two variants of the approach were compared to a reference approach (employing extended depth-of-field rather than mean-shift) in a feature selection/classification experiment, involving 138 segmentation-based features, for discriminating normal and abnormal slides. The results demonstrate improved performance over the reference approach. The results of a second feature selection/classification experiment, including additional classes of features from the literature, show that a combination of the proposed structural and conventional features yields a classification performance of 0.919±0.015 (AUC ± Std. Dev.). Overall the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed structural approach and confirm that it is indeed possible to detect malignancy associated changes (MACs) in conventional Papanicolaou stain.",
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"title": "2012 25th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)",
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"abstract": "We present a novel adaptive mean shift (AMS) algorithm for the segmentation of tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. In particular we introduce a novel Bayesian approach for the estimation of the adaptive kernel bandwidth and investigate its impact on segmentation accuracy. We studied the three class problem where the brain tissues are segmented into white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The segmentation experiments were performed on both multi-modal simulated and real patient TI-weighted MR volumes with different noise characteristics and spatial inhomogeneities. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated relative to several competing methods using real and synthetic data. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and that it can outperform competing methods, especially when the noise and spatial intensity inhomogeneities are high.",
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"title": "2015 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA)",
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"doi": "10.1109/ISDEA.2015.175",
"title": "Research on the Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of 2124 Aluminum Alloy Hot-Rolled Sheet",
"normalizedTitle": "Research on the Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of 2124 Aluminum Alloy Hot-Rolled Sheet",
"abstract": "The hot deformation behavior of 2124 aluminum alloy hot-rolled sheet was investigated by means of hot compression test using Gleeble thermal simulation machine within the temperature range of 340-500° and strain rate range of 0.01-10s-1 with the maximum deformation degree set to 60%. The microstructure evolution during hot deformation was observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. And its processing map was constructed based on dynamic material model to evaluate the optimum hot processing conditions and reveal the instability regions. The results showed the hot deformation activation energy is 170.13kJ/mol, and the softening mechanism of this alloy transform from dynamic recovery into dynamic recrystallization with the increase of deformation temperature or decrease of strain rate. The optimum processing parameters for the studied alloy is with deformation temperature at 460~480°C and strain rate of 0.01 ~ 0.1 s-1.",
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"content": "The hot deformation behavior of 2124 aluminum alloy hot-rolled sheet was investigated by means of hot compression test using Gleeble thermal simulation machine within the temperature range of 340-500° and strain rate range of 0.01-10s-1 with the maximum deformation degree set to 60%. The microstructure evolution during hot deformation was observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. And its processing map was constructed based on dynamic material model to evaluate the optimum hot processing conditions and reveal the instability regions. The results showed the hot deformation activation energy is 170.13kJ/mol, and the softening mechanism of this alloy transform from dynamic recovery into dynamic recrystallization with the increase of deformation temperature or decrease of strain rate. The optimum processing parameters for the studied alloy is with deformation temperature at 460~480°C and strain rate of 0.01 ~ 0.1 s-1.",
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"abstract": "A special problem in nonrigid motion analysis, the problem of estimating the motion and deformation of the human heart, is addressed. The research has been conducted on the left ventricle 3-D data of the bifurcation points, obtained within the period of one cardiac cycle. The process of the motion analysis is divided into three phases: global motion estimation, global motion compensation, and local deformation estimation. The global motion of the left ventricle is determined using the estimated principal axes over successive time instants. Upon compensation for the global motion, the local deformation is analyzed utilizing the correspondence of individual bifurcation points over the period of the cardiac cycle via tensor analysis. Finally, in order to better understand the complex nature of the left ventricle movement, several scientific visualization techniques are exploited to view the dynamic deformation of the left ventricle surface.<>",
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"content": "A special problem in nonrigid motion analysis, the problem of estimating the motion and deformation of the human heart, is addressed. The research has been conducted on the left ventricle 3-D data of the bifurcation points, obtained within the period of one cardiac cycle. The process of the motion analysis is divided into three phases: global motion estimation, global motion compensation, and local deformation estimation. The global motion of the left ventricle is determined using the estimated principal axes over successive time instants. Upon compensation for the global motion, the local deformation is analyzed utilizing the correspondence of individual bifurcation points over the period of the cardiac cycle via tensor analysis. Finally, in order to better understand the complex nature of the left ventricle movement, several scientific visualization techniques are exploited to view the dynamic deformation of the left ventricle surface.<>",
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"title": "Visual Analysis of Forecasts of Football Match Scores",
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"abstract": "The present work describes the application of information visualization techniques to better understand the behavior of a forecasting model designed to predict football match scores based on past confrontations. We have run the forecasts during the 2019 season of Brazilian National Championship and, once it was over, we gathered data to observe the performance of the forecasts, based on a set of evaluators we propose. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of visual devices, each attached to one of these evaluators, designed to enhance interpretation of the performance of forecasting models in general and sports forecasts in particular. We also present other visualizations that help taking notice of particular features of the championship and the forecasts.",
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"abstract": "The identification of crime hotspots by its spatial and temporal components has become a widely used strategy by police intelligence for crime reduction [1] [2]. However, this kind of approach is possible thanks to a large amount of granular data these entities have at their disposal, something not always present in developing countries such as Ecuador. With that in mind, the following study seeks to implement transaction records from the city of Guayaquil in association with criminal records to define temporal and spatial patterns for crime hotspots. We first describe our popularity metric as a function of these transactions for each circuit of the city. Then, we find the correlation between this metric and several crime indicators such as theft and murder. Finally, we establish relations between commercial density and criminal records for each circuit. Our results show that these transactions records can indeed be used to establish possible crime hotspots, albeit just for December 2016. Additional information about police outposts - and open data variable - could lead to more accurate results.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "The identification of crime hotspots by its spatial and temporal components has become a widely used strategy by police intelligence for crime reduction [1] [2]. However, this kind of approach is possible thanks to a large amount of granular data these entities have at their disposal, something not always present in developing countries such as Ecuador. With that in mind, the following study seeks to implement transaction records from the city of Guayaquil in association with criminal records to define temporal and spatial patterns for crime hotspots. We first describe our popularity metric as a function of these transactions for each circuit of the city. Then, we find the correlation between this metric and several crime indicators such as theft and murder. Finally, we establish relations between commercial density and criminal records for each circuit. Our results show that these transactions records can indeed be used to establish possible crime hotspots, albeit just for December 2016. Additional information about police outposts - and open data variable - could lead to more accurate results.",
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"abstract": "Adaptive bitonic sort is a well known merge-based parallel sorting algorithm. It achieves optimal complexity using a complex tree-like data structure called a bitonic tree. Due to this, using adaptive bitonic sort together with other algorithms usually implies converting bitonic trees to arrays and vice versa. This makes adaptive bitonic sort inappropriate in the context of hybrid sorting algorithms where frequent switches between algorithms are performed. In this article we present a novel optimal sorting algorithm that is based on an approach similar to adaptive bitonic sort. Our approach does not use bitonic trees but uses the input array together with some additional information. Using this approach it is trivial to switch between adaptive bitonic sort and other algorithms. We present an implementation of a hybrid algorithm for GPUs based on bitonic sort and our novel algorithm. This implementation turns out to be the fastest comparison-based sorting algorithm for GPUs found in literature.",
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"abstract": "The concept of genetics using multiple-chromosomes is applied to a 3D container packing problem. The 3D packing problem deals with packing a given set of regular shaped boxes of different sizes and weights into larger containers. The algorithm must seek to minimize the wasted space under a constraint: the heavier and the larger boxes must be placed below the lighter ones. The present emphasis is to find a good solution quickly by heuristic means. A set of heuristic rules is incorporated into the genetic algorithm (GA) approach to aid in optimization. This hybrid GA yields an optimization algorithm that outperforms either of the parts. The simulation results showed that the new algorithm has better adaptivity for large problems and near optimal solutions for small problems.<>",
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"abstract": "A two-dimensional heuristic packing strategy, capable of achieving a dense packing of convex polygonal shapes, is presented. A method for extending the placement strategy to nonconvex n-gons is also presented. The algorithm was developed as part of a system to automate the various aspects of the hardwood manufacturing industry. The techniques developed, however, are applicable to the packing problem in general.<>",
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"content": "To send a consumer the ordered products in e-commerce, it is necessary to pack the products into a container. When packing, we need to consider the arrangement of the products to avoid damaging them during transportation by using the know-how of packing. In this paper, we propose a packing robot that plans the arrangement and then executes it. To develop this robot, we employ two ideas: one idea is to split the whole process into the arrangement of the objects and robot motion generation. The arrangement is regarded as the 3D bin-packing problem. The other idea is to use the heuristics of the packing so that objects are stacked from the bottom. Since the space above the target position is free from collisions, the strategy to approach from the top reduces the possibility of the collision. In the experiments, we succeeded in arranging eleven objects satisfying the assigned rules and packing ten of the eleven objects using the robot.",
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"normalizedAbstract": "To send a consumer the ordered products in e-commerce, it is necessary to pack the products into a container. When packing, we need to consider the arrangement of the products to avoid damaging them during transportation by using the know-how of packing. In this paper, we propose a packing robot that plans the arrangement and then executes it. To develop this robot, we employ two ideas: one idea is to split the whole process into the arrangement of the objects and robot motion generation. The arrangement is regarded as the 3D bin-packing problem. The other idea is to use the heuristics of the packing so that objects are stacked from the bottom. Since the space above the target position is free from collisions, the strategy to approach from the top reduces the possibility of the collision. In the experiments, we succeeded in arranging eleven objects satisfying the assigned rules and packing ten of the eleven objects using the robot.",
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"affiliation": "Nara Institute of Science and Technology,Nara,Japan,630-0192",
"fullName": "Akiya Yasuda",
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"abstract": "The recent advances in cloud services enable an increasing number of applications to offload their intensive tasks to remote computers. Cloud rendering comprises a set of services capable of rendering a 3D scene on a remote workstation. Notable progress in this field has been made by cloud gaming services. However, a gap remains between existing cloud rendering systems and other graphics-intensive applications, such as visualization of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models. Existing cloud gaming services are not suitable to efficiently render these particular 3D scenes. CAD models contain many more objects than a regular game scene, requiring specific assumptions and optimizations to deliver an interactive user experience. In this work, we discuss and propose a novel hybrid cloud rendering system for massive 3D CAD models of industrial plants. The obtained results show that our technique can achieve high frame rates with satisfactory image quality even in a constrained environment, such as a high latency network or obsolete computer hardware.",
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"content": "In this paper we present a novel method for 3D structure acquisition, based on structured light. Unlike classical structured light methods, in which a static projector illuminates a scene with time-varying illumination patterns, our technique makes use of a moving projector emitting a static striped illumination pattern. This projector is translated at a constant velocity, in the direction of the projector's horizontal axis. Illuminating the object in this manner allows us to perform a per pixel analysis, in which we decompose the recorded illumination sequence into a corresponding set of frequency components. The dominant frequency in this set can be directly converted into a corresponding depth value. This per pixel analysis allows us to preserve sharp edges in the depth image. Unlike classical structured light methods, the quality of our results is not limited by projector or camera resolution, but is solely dependent on the temporal sampling density of the captured image sequence. Additional benefits include a significant robustness against common problems encountered with structured light methods, such as occlusions, specular reflections, subsurface scattering, interreflections, and to a certain extent projector defocus.",
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"affiliation": "Hasselt University - tUL - IBBT, Expertise Centre for Digital Media, Belgium",
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{
"affiliation": "Hasselt University - tUL - IBBT, Expertise Centre for Digital Media, Belgium",
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"abstract": "Global light transport is composed of direct and indirect components. In this paper, we take the first steps toward analyzing light transport using high temporal resolution information via time of flight (ToF) images. The time profile at each pixel encodes complex interactions between the incident light and the scene geometry with spatially-varying material properties. We exploit the time profile to decompose light transport into its constituent direct, subsurface scattering, and interreflection components. We show that the time profile is well modelled using a Gaussian function for the direct and interreflection components, and a decaying exponential function for the subsurface scattering component. We use our direct, subsurface scattering, and interreflection separation algorithm for four computer vision applications: recovering projective depth maps, identifying subsurface scattering objects, measuring parameters of analytical subsurface scattering models, and performing edge detection using ToF images.",
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