question stringlengths 23 307 | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 2.75k | split stringclasses 1
value | source_dataset stringclasses 1
value | subject null |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What are clathrin, copi and copii types of? | [
"replication coats",
"pathogen coats",
"artery coats",
"vesicle coats"
] | D | The vesicle coat selects specific proteins as cargo. It selects cargo proteins by binding to sorting signals. These complexes cluster in the membrane, forming a vesicle buds, or coated pit . There are three types of vesicle coats: clathrin , COPI and COPII. Clathrin coats are found on vesicles trafficking between the G... | validation | sciq | null |
What is the name for the force that attracts water molecules to other polar substances? | [
"adhesion",
"aeration",
"osmosis",
"diffusion"
] | A | validation | sciq | null | |
All alkaline earth metals have similar properties because they all have two what? | [
"valence electrons",
"caesium electrons",
"balanced electrons",
"transitions electrons"
] | A | All alkaline Earth metals have similar properties because they all have two valence electrons. They readily give up their two valence electrons to achieve a full outer energy level, which is the most stable arrangement of electrons. As a result, they are very reactive, although not quite as reactive as the alkali metal... | validation | sciq | null |
A solenoid or coil wrapped around iron or certain other metals can form what kind of magnet? | [
"superconductor",
"electromagnet",
"polarized magnet",
"permanent magnet"
] | B | An electromagnet is a solenoid wrapped around a bar of iron or other ferromagnetic material. The magnetic field of the solenoid magnetizes the iron bar. | validation | sciq | null |
Is the yolk more or less concentrated toward the animal pole? | [
"more concentrated",
"same concentrated",
"less concentrated",
"no change"
] | C | validation | sciq | null | |
What are the location where bones come together? | [
"fingers",
"Knees",
"joints",
"muscles"
] | C | The adult human body has 206 bones, and with the exception of the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoo... | validation | sciq | null |
What term denotes lower levels of exposure, for instance to radiation, over a longer period of time? | [
"chronic exposure",
"non-exposure",
"excess exposure",
"recent exposure"
] | A | Exposure gives an indication of the amount of radiation that travels through the air. Two factors influence the amount of exposure a person may receive – time and intensity. Acute exposure indicates a large amount of radiation received over a short period of time. Chronic exposure deals with lower levels of exposure ov... | validation | sciq | null |
What causes water molecules to stay close to each other? | [
"hydrogen bonding",
"surface tension",
"friction",
"oxidation"
] | A | validation | sciq | null | |
What is the main cause of recent global warming? | [
"solar flares",
"ice ages",
"human beings",
"insect overpopulation"
] | C | Natural processes caused earlier climate changes. Human beings are the main cause of recent global warming. | validation | sciq | null |
In solids, particles can't overcome the force of attraction between them because they lack what? | [
"momentum",
"residual energy",
"gravity",
"kinetic energy"
] | D | In solids, particles don’t have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them. The particles are packed closely together and cannot move around. All they can do is vibrate. This explains why solids have a fixed volume and shape. | validation | sciq | null |
What are the organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae. | [
"ribosomes",
"mitochondria",
"chloroplasts",
"fibroblasts"
] | C | Chloroplasts are the organelles where the process of photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae. | validation | sciq | null |
What process occurs when two alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote? | [
"fertilization",
"pollenation",
"codominance",
"codependence"
] | C | Codominance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote. The red and white flower in the figure has codominant alleles for red petals and white petals. | validation | sciq | null |
Magnetic poles always occur in pairs - what are the names of each pole? | [
"tropic and arctic",
"north and south",
"southwest and south",
"prime and equator"
] | B | • Like poles repel and unlike poles attract. • Magnetic poles always occur in pairs of north and south—it is not possible to isolate north and south poles. | validation | sciq | null |
Anemia is a disease that affects what? | [
"brain",
"kidney",
"blood",
"heart"
] | C | Red meat, legumes, and spinach are all good sources of iron. Getting enough iron in your diet is important to prevent anemia. Anemia is a blood disease that causes you to feel weak and tired. Although anemia is caused by a nutrient deficiency, other blood diseases are genetic diseases, or forms of cancer. | validation | sciq | null |
The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce what? | [
"pollen",
"flowers",
"spores",
"needles"
] | A | The end of a pine tree branch bears the male cones that produce the pollen. | validation | sciq | null |
What is the material inside the cell membrane called? | [
"cytoplasm",
"mucus",
"chloroplasm",
"cerebellum"
] | A | Cytoplasm is the material inside the cell membrane. It includes a watery substance called cytosol. Besides water, cytosol contains enzymes and other substances. Cytoplasm also includes other cell structures suspended in the cytosol. | validation | sciq | null |
The energy stored in the organic molecules of food ultimately comes from where? | [
"earth",
"sun",
"ocean",
"plant"
] | B | validation | sciq | null | |
Sulfur dioxide produced by burning coal is the leading cause of what deadly phenomenon? | [
"hail",
"carbon rain",
"acid rain",
"dioxide rain"
] | C | Another problem with coal is that most coal contains sulfur. As it burns, the sulfur goes into the air as sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is the main cause of acid rain. Acid rain can be deadly to plants, animals, and whole ecosystems. Burning coal also puts a large number of small solid particulates into the air. These... | validation | sciq | null |
When an eagle, a land eater, goes and gets fish from the sea, as well, its called? | [
"descending food web",
"food chain mixing",
"overlapping food source",
"overlapping food web"
] | D | Food webs also overlap. For example, an eagle is part of a land food web. But it might go to the sea to grab a fish. That fish is part of a marine food web. | validation | sciq | null |
Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the what? | [
"dendrite",
"axosomatic synapse",
"cellular hillock",
"axon hillock"
] | D | Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called axoplasm. Because the axon hillock represents the beginning of the ax... | validation | sciq | null |
The specialized study of the motion of objects that are atomic/subatomic in size is called what? | [
"string theory",
"enthalpy",
"atomic mechanics",
"quantum mechanics"
] | D | The study of motion of large objects such as baseballs is called mechanics, or more specifically classical mechanics. Because the quantum nature of the electron and other tiny particles moving at high speeds, classical mechanics is inadequate to accurately describe their motion. Quantum mechanics is the study of the mo... | validation | sciq | null |
Circadian rhythms and migration are examples of which behaviors? | [
"natural",
"cyclic",
"periodic",
"regular"
] | B | Types of animal behavior include cyclic behaviors such as circadian rhythms and migration. | validation | sciq | null |
Acids are classified based on their what? | [
"ionization in water",
"reaction to gas",
"solvency",
"diffusion in water"
] | A | Acids are classified as either strong or weak, based on their ionization in water. A strong acid is an acid which is completely ionized in an aqueous solution. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) ionizes completely into hydrogen ions and chloride ions in water. | validation | sciq | null |
What type of muscle enables the body to move? | [
"Sartorius",
"gluteus maximus",
"Latissimus Dorsi",
"skeletal muscle"
] | D | Human Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal muscles enable the body to move. | validation | sciq | null |
What results when volcanic ash encircles the globe, blocking the sun and lowering the temperature of the entire planet? | [
"volcanic freeze",
"seismic apocalypse",
"volcanic winter",
"seismic winter"
] | C | Supervolcanoes are the most dangerous type of volcano. During an eruption, enormous amounts of ash are thrown into the atmosphere. The ash encircles the globe. This blocks the Sun and lowers the temperature of the entire planet. The result is a volcanic winter. | validation | sciq | null |
Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of | [
"reproduction",
"cellular respiration",
"death",
"birth"
] | B | Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. | validation | sciq | null |
Why does the moon evolve around the earth rather than the sun? | [
"weaker gravitational force",
"stronger planetary force",
"stronger magnetic force",
"stronger gravitational force"
] | D | Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity. For example, the moon is closer to Earth than it is to the more massive sun, so the force of gravity is greater between the moon and Earth than between the moon and the sun. That’s why the moon circles around Earth rather than the sun. This is illustrat... | validation | sciq | null |
What is an area in a body of water where nothing grows because there is too little oxygen known as? | [
"dead zone",
"missing zone",
"cold zone",
"deceased zone"
] | A | Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil. Runoff carries it away. The fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, from ponds to oceans. The nitrogen is a fertilizer in the water bodies. Since there is a lot of nitrogen it causes algae to grow out of control. Figure below shows a pond covered with algae. Algae may use up so muc... | validation | sciq | null |
Most air pollutants can be traced to what source ? | [
"ozone leaks",
"methane",
"fossil fuels",
"chemical pollution"
] | C | Most air pollutants can be traced to the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are burned during many processes, including in power plants to create electricity, in factories to make machinery run, in power stoves and furnaces for heating, and in waste facilities. Perhaps one of the biggest uses of fossil fuels is in t... | validation | sciq | null |
A species become separated and becomes two separate species. what can they not do anymore? | [
"eat",
"grow",
"defecate",
"breed"
] | D | Assume that some members of a species become geographically separated from the rest of the species. If they remain separated long enough, they may evolve genetic differences. If the differences prevent them from interbreeding with members of the original species, they have evolved into a new species. Speciation that oc... | validation | sciq | null |
A phase diagram plots pressure and what else? | [
"precipitation",
"oxygen",
"temperature",
"volume"
] | C | Summary The states of matter exhibited by a substance under different temperatures and pressures can be summarized graphically in a phase diagram, which is a plot of pressure versus temperature. Phase diagrams contain discrete regions corresponding to the solid, liquid, and gas phases. The solid and liquid regions are ... | validation | sciq | null |
What occurs when the immune system reacts to substances in food as though they were harmful “foreign invaders"? | [
"vomiting",
"food poisoning",
"food allergies",
"food antibodies"
] | C | Food allergies occur when the immune system reacts to substances in food as though they were harmful “foreign invaders. ” Foods that are most likely to cause allergies are pictured in Figure below . Symptoms of food allergies often include vomiting and diarrhea. | validation | sciq | null |
Recycling items actually takes more energy than what other conservation methods that start with "r"? | [
"revision and remembrance",
"reducing and regurgitating",
"reducing and reusing",
"reusing and reordering"
] | C | We haven’t done as well with the first two “R”s — reducing and reusing. But they aren’t always as easy as recycling. Recycling is better than making things from brand new materials. But it still takes some resources to turn recycled items into new ones. It takes no resources at all to reuse items or not buy them in the... | validation | sciq | null |
What science studies chemical processes that are found in living things? | [
"physiology",
"psysiology",
"marine biology",
"biochemistry"
] | D | Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living systems. In this chapter, we will explore some of the basic chemical components of biological systems and develop an understanding of the roles played by each major type of biomolecule. | validation | sciq | null |
Nonmetals typically lack what capability, because they hold onto their electrons? | [
"conducting electricity",
"mental capacity",
"repelling electricity",
"magnetic attraction"
] | A | Like most other nonmetals, fluorine cannot conduct electricity, and its electrons explain this as well. An electric current is a flow of electrons. Elements that readily give up electrons (the metals) can carry electric current because their electrons can flow freely. Elements that gain electrons instead of giving them... | validation | sciq | null |
What is the process called in which populations of organisms change over time? | [
"generation",
"emergence",
"mutation",
"evolution"
] | D | Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over time. It is a process that began on this planet well over 3.5 billion years ago and continues to this day, as populations of organisms continue to change. | validation | sciq | null |
An environment reaches its carrying capacity when the number of individual births in it equal the number of what else? | [
"deaths",
"infections",
"insects",
"homes"
] | A | The carrying capacity of an environment is reached when the number of births equal the number of deaths. | validation | sciq | null |
Pulmonary and systemic circulation loops are part of what organ system? | [
"circulatory",
"lymphatic",
"cardiovascular",
"nervous"
] | C | Compare and contrast the pulmonary and systemic circulation loops of the cardiovascular system. | validation | sciq | null |
What are materials that cannot conduct thermal energy efficiently known as? | [
"convection insulators",
"physical insulators",
"thermal insulators",
"atmospheric insulators"
] | C | Materials that are poor conductors of thermal energy are called thermal insulators. Gases such as air and materials such as plastic and wood are thermal insulators. | validation | sciq | null |
The temporomandibular joint (tmj) is the joint that allows for opening (mandibular depression) and closing (mandibular elevation) of this? | [
"ears",
"eyes",
"nose",
"mouth"
] | D | Temporomandibular Joint The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that allows for opening (mandibular depression) and closing (mandibular elevation) of the mouth, as well as side-to-side and protraction/retraction motions of the lower jaw. This joint involves the articulation between the mandibular fossa and artic... | validation | sciq | null |
What gas consisting of three oxygen atoms is found largely in the stratosphere? | [
"greenhouse",
"carbon",
"smog",
"ozone"
] | D | Air also includes water vapor. The amount of water vapor varies from place to place. That’s why water vapor isn’t included in Figure above . It can make up as much as 4 percent of the air. Ozone is a molecule made of three oxygen atoms. Ozone collects in a layer in the stratosphere. | validation | sciq | null |
Esters can be formed by heating carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of? | [
"an oxygen catalyst",
"an acid catalyst",
"a nuclear catalyst",
"an carbon catalyst"
] | B | Esters can be formed by heating carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. This process is reversible, and the starting materials can be regenerated by reacting an ester with water in the presence of a weak base. | validation | sciq | null |
Glucose that remains in the filtrate of what organ is excreted? | [
"liver",
"kidney",
"spleen",
"intestine"
] | B | validation | sciq | null | |
What part of a plant helps it reproduce by being ejected from flowers and fruits? | [
"roots",
"cells",
"seeds",
"berries"
] | C | validation | sciq | null | |
Energy contents of foods are often expressed in what? | [
"calories",
"nutrients",
"pulses",
"grams"
] | A | One area where the calorie is used is in nutrition. Energy contents of foods are often expressed in calories. However, the calorie unit used for foods is actually the kilocalorie (kcal). Most foods indicate this by spelling the word with a capital C—Calorie. Figure 7.1 "Calories on Food Labels" shows one example. So be... | validation | sciq | null |
The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called what? | [
"microvilli",
"flagella",
"epithelial",
"digits"
] | A | The plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into fingerlike projections called microvilli (singular = microvillus); ( Figure 4.10). Such cells are typically found lining the small intestine, the organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food. This is an excellent example of form following fu... | validation | sciq | null |
Sweating and panting are methods mammals use for what purpose? | [
"staying warm",
"sleeping",
"staying cool",
"staying alert"
] | C | Mammals also have several ways to stay cool, including sweating or panting. | validation | sciq | null |
A closed loop through which a current can flow is called what? | [
"cooling circuit",
"powered circuit",
"electric circuit",
"charged circuit"
] | C | A closed loop through which current can flow is called an electric circuit . In homes in the U. S. , most electric circuits have a voltage of 120 volts. The amount of current (amps) a circuit carries depends on the number and power of electrical devices connected to the circuit. Home circuits generally have a safe uppe... | validation | sciq | null |
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond are known as? | [
"aromatic hydrocarbons",
"benzenes",
"alkenes",
"alkynes"
] | D | Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond are called alkynes . The name of specific alkynes always end in – yne , with a prefix for the number of carbon atoms. Figure below shows the smallest alkyne, called ethyne, which has just two carbon atoms. Ethyne is also called acetylene. It is burned in ac... | validation | sciq | null |
What two types of organism make up a lichen? | [
"insects and bacteria",
"animals and viruses",
"snakes and bacteria",
"fungus and bacteria"
] | D | Have you ever seen an organism called a lichen? Lichens are crusty, hard growths that you might find on trees, logs, walls, and rocks ( Figure below ). Although lichens may not be the prettiest organisms in nature, they are unique. A lichen is really two organisms, sometimes referred to as a composite organism, that li... | validation | sciq | null |
The cell regulates most molecules that pass through what cell structure? | [
"plasma",
"cell membrane",
"protective wall",
"ribosome"
] | B | The cell regulates most molecules that pass through the cell membrane. If a molecule is charged or very big, it won't make it through the cell membrane on its own. However, small, non-charged molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can pass through the cell membrane freely. | validation | sciq | null |
What are groups of skeletal muscle fibers wrapped in? | [
"collagen",
"neurons",
"tendons",
"connective tissue"
] | D | Each skeletal muscle consists of hundreds or even thousands of skeletal muscle fibers . The fibers are bundled together and wrapped in connective tissue, as shown Figure below . The connective tissue supports and protects the delicate muscle cells and allows them to withstand the forces of contraction. It also provides... | validation | sciq | null |
Density is considered what type of property, because it does not depend on the amount of material present in the sample? | [
"intensive property",
"exensive property",
"independent variable",
"experimental property"
] | A | Density is an intensive property, meaning that it does not depend on the amount of material present in the sample. Water has a density of 1.0 g/mL. That density is the same whether you have a small glass of water or a swimming pool full of water. Density is a property that is constant for the particular identity of the... | validation | sciq | null |
Prior to binding to a hormone, where are steroid hormone receptors located? | [
"cytosol",
"reticulum",
"cortisol",
"hypothalamus"
] | A | validation | sciq | null | |
Which scale measures acids and bases and has 7 as a neutral value? | [
"color",
"respiration",
"ph",
"rock"
] | C | The Concept of pH The relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution can be indicated by its pH. A solution’s pH is the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of the solution. As an example, a pH 4 solution has an H+ concentration that is ten times greater than that of a pH 5 solution. That is... | validation | sciq | null |
What do we call people who are trained to make specific dietary recommendations to address particular issues relating to health? | [
"pulmonologists",
"clinicians",
"geologists",
"dietitians"
] | D | Career Focus: Dietitian A dietitian is a nutrition expert who communicates food-related information to the general public. In doing so, dietitians promote the general well-being among the population and help individuals recover from nutritionally related illnesses. Our diet does not just supply us with energy. We also ... | validation | sciq | null |
An artery is a blood vessel that conducts blood away from the what? | [
"lung",
"stomach",
"heart",
"brain"
] | C | Arteries An artery is a blood vessel that conducts blood away from the heart. All arteries have relatively thick walls that can withstand the high pressure of blood ejected from the heart. However, those close to the heart have the thickest walls, containing a high percentage of elastic fibers in all three of their tun... | validation | sciq | null |
The small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur is called what? | [
"decomposition energy",
"nuclear energy",
"activation energy",
"distinct energy"
] | C | Activation Energy There is another important concept that must be considered regarding endergonic and exergonic reactions. Even exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy input to get going before they can proceed with their energy-releasing steps. These reactions have a net release of energy, but still requi... | validation | sciq | null |
What linear polymer of glucose units is found in plants and serves a structural purpose? | [
"carbonate",
"sucrose",
"cellulose",
"frucose"
] | C | Cellulose is a structural polymer of glucose units found in plants. It is a linear polymer with the glucose units linked through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. | validation | sciq | null |
When the temperature of water is increased after being used in cooling, it is this form of pollution? | [
"air",
"atmospheric",
"thermal",
"cosmic"
] | C | Thermal pollution is pollution that raises the temperature of water. This is caused by power plants and factories that use the water to cool their machines. The plants pump cold water from a lake or coastal area through giant cooling towers, like those in Figure below . As it flows through the towers, the cold water ab... | validation | sciq | null |
Which biological system is responsible for getting rid of chemical waste and water? | [
"endocrine system",
"digestive system",
"mucous system",
"urinary system"
] | D | validation | sciq | null | |
What part of the body protects the brain? | [
"lungs",
"feet",
"cranium (skull)",
"arms"
] | C | The cranium (skull) to protect the brain. The brain is attached to the spinal cord. | validation | sciq | null |
Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are used in fertilizers as a source of what? | [
"biofuel",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"bacteria"
] | B | Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen. The ammonium cation is tetrahedral. Refer to Section 2.1 "Chemical Compounds" to draw the structure of the ammonium ion. | validation | sciq | null |
What kind of light bulb has a tungsten filament? | [
"translucent",
"fluorescent",
"incandescent",
"sodium"
] | C | An incandescent light bulb like the one pictured in the Figure below produces visible light by incandescence. Incandescence occurs when something gets so hot that it glows. An incandescent light bulb contains a thin wire filament made of tungsten. When electric current passes through the filament, it gets extremely hot... | validation | sciq | null |
What is the name for the circle that runs north to south and passes through greenwich, england? | [
"time zone",
"prime meridian",
"odd meridian",
"equator"
] | B | Lines of longitude are circles that go around Earth from pole to pole, like the sections of an orange. Longitude is also measured in degrees, which are subdivided into minutes and seconds. Lines of longitude start at the Prime Meridian, which is 0°. The Prime Meridian is a circle that runs north to south and passes thr... | validation | sciq | null |
What map coordinates correspond to similar climate zones and life zones? | [
"equator and poles",
"latitude and longitude",
"altitude and latitude",
"the poles"
] | C | Altitude and latitude produce similar climate zones and life zones. | validation | sciq | null |
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies bind to and block certain receptors on muscle cells, preventing what? | [
"muscle buildup",
"muscle diffusion",
"muscle layer",
"muscle contraction"
] | D | validation | sciq | null | |
What helps cells reduce their reaction to excessive hormone levels? | [
"apoptosis",
"adhesion",
"downregulation",
"evaporation"
] | C | Factors Affecting Target Cell Response You will recall that target cells must have receptors specific to a given hormone if that hormone is to trigger a response. But several other factors influence the target cell response. For example, the presence of a significant level of a hormone circulating in the bloodstream ca... | validation | sciq | null |
Smog is an example of the formation of what kind of pollutant, which occurs when primary pollutants undergo chemical reactions after they are released? | [
"combined pollutant",
"primary pollutant",
"secondary pollutant",
"tertiary pollutant"
] | C | Primary pollutants enter the air directly. They include carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides. Toxic heavy metals, VOCs, and particulates are also primary pollutants. Secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants undergo chemical reactions after they are released. Many occur as part of photochemical smog. The main co... | validation | sciq | null |
What occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse? | [
"infection",
"pollination",
"migration",
"fertilization"
] | D | Many animals have a relatively simple life cycle. A general animal life cycle is shown in Figure below . Most animals spend the majority of their life as diploid organisms. Just about all animals reproduce sexually. Diploid adults undergo meiosis to produce haploid sperm or eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm and a... | validation | sciq | null |
How many bases does dna have in total? | [
"four",
"twelve",
"three",
"six"
] | A | Every DNA and RNA polymer consists of multiple nucleotides strung together into extremely long chains. The only variation in each nucleotide is the identity of the nitrogenous base. The figure above shows one example of a nitrogenous base, called adenine. There are only five different nitrogenous bases found in all nuc... | validation | sciq | null |
Compound machines tend to have a greater mechanical advantage than what other machines? | [
"magnets",
"digital machines",
"simple machines",
"levers"
] | C | The mechanical advantage of a machine is the factor by which it changes the force applied to the machine. Many machines increase the force applied to them, and this is how they make work easier. Compound machines tend to have a greater mechanical advantage than simple machines. That’s because the mechanical advantage o... | validation | sciq | null |
Name the missing type of light: ultraviolet, infrared, ___________. | [
"vertical",
"predictable",
"distinct",
"visible"
] | D | Between these two extremes are waves that are commonly called light. Light includes infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. The wavelengths, frequencies, and energy levels of light fall in between those of radio waves on the left and X rays and gamma rays on the right. | validation | sciq | null |
When a binary acid only has one acidic hydrogen it is known as what? | [
"xerophyte",
"triprotic",
"spirogyra",
"monoprotic"
] | D | Most of the binary acids listed here are monoprotic, because they have only one acidic hydrogen. Hydrosulfuric acid, on the other hand is diprotic. Its hydrogen ions are transferred to two water molecules in two subsequent reactions. | validation | sciq | null |
Seedless nonvascular plants are small. the dominant stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte. without a vascular system and roots, they absorb water and nutrients through all of their exposed surfaces. there are three main groups: the liverworts, the hornworts, and these? | [
"mildew",
"mosses",
"algae",
"lichens"
] | B | 14.2 Seedless Plants Seedless nonvascular plants are small. The dominant stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte. Without a vascular system and roots, they absorb water and nutrients through all of their exposed surfaces. There are three main groups: the liverworts, the hornworts, and the mosses. They are collective... | validation | sciq | null |
What is a protein containing four subunits that transports oxygen throughout the body? | [
"insulin",
"keratin",
"hemoglobin",
"collagen"
] | C | Hemoglobin is a protein containing four subunits that transports oxygen throughout the body. | validation | sciq | null |
Molecules that are in continuous motion, travelling in straight lines and changing comprise what state of matter? | [
"plasma",
"liquids",
"solids",
"gases"
] | D | Gases are composed of molecules that are in continuous motion, travelling in straight lines and changing. | validation | sciq | null |
The recombination frequency is the percentage of recombinant flies in the total pool of what? | [
"immigrants",
"samples",
"offspring",
"species"
] | C | validation | sciq | null | |
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two nuclei are combined to form a larger nucleus. it releases energy when light nuclei are fused to form medium-mass nuclei. • fusion is the source of energy in what? | [
"orbits",
"galaxies",
"stars",
"Space"
] | C | 32.5 Fusion • Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two nuclei are combined to form a larger nucleus. It releases energy when light nuclei are fused to form medium-mass nuclei. • Fusion is the source of energy in stars, with the proton-proton cycle, 1. | validation | sciq | null |
What are polymers of amino acids called? | [
"polypeptides",
"monopeptides",
"ribosomes",
"polysaccharides"
] | A | validation | sciq | null | |
Currently, the only known stable systems undergoing fusion are what? | [
"plant cells",
"black holes",
"interiors of stars",
"gas planets"
] | C | Fusion occurs in nature: The sun and other stars use fusion as their ultimate energy source. Fusion is also the basis of very destructive weapons that have been developed by several countries around the world. However, one current goal is to develop a source ofcontrolled fusion for use as an energy source. The practica... | validation | sciq | null |
Displacement is the separation between a beginning position and what other place? | [
"final position",
"current position",
"made position",
"first position"
] | A | The separation between original and final position is called displacement. | validation | sciq | null |
Cellular respiration that proceeds in the absence of oxygen is called what? | [
"exasperation",
"perspiration",
"anaerobic respiration",
"aerobic respiration"
] | C | Cellular respiration that proceeds in the absence of oxygen is anaerobic respiration. | validation | sciq | null |
What is made in the liver and excreted in urine? | [
"plasma",
"urea",
"blood",
"feces"
] | B | Nitrogenous Waste in Terrestrial Animals: The Urea Cycle The urea cycle is the primary mechanism by which mammals convert ammonia to urea. Urea is made in the liver and excreted in urine. The overall chemical reaction by which ammonia is converted to urea is 2 NH3 (ammonia) + CO2 + 3 ATP + H2O → H2N-CO-NH2 (urea) + 2 A... | validation | sciq | null |
Name two differences between a larval staged frog and an adult frog. | [
"tadpoles have legs and gills",
"tadpoles lack eyes and fins",
"tadpoles lack legs and have gills",
"tadpoles lack legs and gills"
] | C | Most amphibians go through a larval stage that is different from the adult form. In frogs, for example, the early larval stage resembles a fish, as you can see in Figure below . Frogs at this stage of development are called tadpoles. Tadpoles live in the water. They lack legs and have a long tail that helps them swim. ... | validation | sciq | null |
What kind of energy can both cause cancer and help in detecting and treating it? | [
"wind",
"electricity",
"heat",
"radiation"
] | D | Harmless background radiation comes from radioactive elements in rocks and from cosmic rays. Other sources of radiation, such as radon, are harmful. They may cause illness in living things and damage materials such as metals. Radiation has several uses, including detecting and treating cancer. | validation | sciq | null |
What was probably the earliest way of making atp from glucose? | [
"glycolysis",
"photosynthesis",
"amniocentesis",
"fermentation"
] | A | Life first evolved in the absence of oxygen, and glycolysis does not require oxygen. Therefore, glycolysis was probably the earliest way of making ATP from glucose. | validation | sciq | null |
What is the process in which a substance naturally moves from an area of higher to lower concentration called? | [
"convection",
"osmosis",
"activation",
"diffusion"
] | D | Why does passive transport require no energy? A substance naturally moves from an area of higher to lower concentration. This is known as moving down the concentration gradient. The process is called diffusion . It's a little like a ball rolling down a hill. The ball naturally rolls from a higher to lower position with... | validation | sciq | null |
What is the internal ph of most living cells? | [
"close to 6",
"close to 5",
"close to 9",
"close to 7"
] | D | validation | sciq | null | |
What law states whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that the first body exerts? | [
"law of gravity",
"equilibrium in forces",
"symmetry in forces",
"law of inertia"
] | C | 4.4 Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces • Newton’s third law of motion represents a basic symmetry in nature. It states: Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that the first body exerts. • A th... | validation | sciq | null |
What does the bicoid protein activate? | [
"spontaneous mutation",
"several gap genes",
"amino acid production",
"enzyme respiration"
] | B | The bicoid protein activates a number of gap genes. Bicoid encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, and is expressed in a gradient within the embryo. Bicoid positions gap and pair rule gene expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing Drosophila embryo. | validation | sciq | null |
How do roundworms reproduce? | [
"biologically",
"sporadically",
"asexually",
"sexually"
] | D | Roundworms reproduce sexually. Sperm and eggs are produced by separate male and female adults. Fertilization takes place inside the female organism. Females lay huge numbers of eggs, sometimes as many as 100,000 per day! The eggs hatch into larvae, which develop into adults. Then the cycle repeats. | validation | sciq | null |
Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same what? | [
"phylum",
"species",
"specimens",
"genus"
] | B | Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. It improves the species’ adaptations. Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species. It may lead to one species going extinc... | validation | sciq | null |
What is the term for the long-time average of weather? | [
"climate",
"scale",
"landscape",
"evolution"
] | A | Climate is the long-term average of weather. | validation | sciq | null |
What is the most common form of ocean life? | [
"protazoa",
"zooplankton",
"phytoplankton",
"plankton"
] | D | When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos ( Figure below ). | validation | sciq | null |
What is the name of the chart that makes it easy to find the possible genotypes in offspring of two parents? | [
"Isotropic Square",
"brindle square",
"malecela square",
"punnett square"
] | D | A Punnett square is a chart that makes it easy to find the possible genotypes in offspring of two parents. Figure below shows a Punnett square for the two parent pea plants. The gametes produced by the male parent are at the top of the chart. The gametes produced by the female parent are along the left side of the char... | validation | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe the process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome? | [
"genome mapping",
"produce mapping",
"organism mapping",
"DNA replication"
] | A | Mapping Genomes Genome mapping is the process of finding the location of genes on each chromosome. The maps that are created are comparable to the maps that we use to navigate streets. A genetic map is an illustration that lists genes and their location on a chromosome. Genetic maps provide the big picture (similar to ... | validation | sciq | null |
What is a threat against civilized people called? | [
"bioterrorism",
"bombing",
"pandemic",
"disaster"
] | A | Bioterrorism is a threat against civilized people worldwide. To be prepared, all levels of government have developed and conducted terrorism drills. These include protecting responders from harmful biological substances. | validation | sciq | null |
What are the most common forms of lasers today made of? | [
"spirogyra",
"light",
"prisms",
"silcon"
] | D | Lasers are constructed from many types of lasing materials, including gases, liquids, solids, and semiconductors. But all lasers are based on the existence of a metastable state or a phosphorescent material. Some lasers produce continuous output; others are pulsed in bursts as brief as 10 −14 s . Some laser outputs are... | validation | sciq | null |
A phospholipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids, in which hydrophobic fatty acids are in the middle of the what? | [
"cells membrane",
"cell wall",
"skin",
"plasma membrane"
] | D | A phospholipid is made up of a polar, phosphorus-containing head, and two long fatty acid (hydrocarbon), non-polar "tails. " That is, the head of the molecule is hydrophilic (water-loving), and the tail is hydrophobic (water-fearing). Cytosol and extracellular fluid - the insides and outsides of the cell - are made up ... | validation | sciq | null |
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