| --- |
| license: odc-by |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| - text-classification |
| language: |
| - multilingual |
| size_categories: |
| - n>1B |
| tags: |
| - region |
| - geographic-provenance |
| - fineweb |
| - fineweb-2 |
| - common-crawl |
| - multilingual |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fineweb_only |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/fineweb-*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fineweb2_only |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/fineweb2-*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_rus_Cyrl |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=rus_Cyrl/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_deu_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=deu_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_spa_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=spa_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_fra_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=fra_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_jpn_Jpan |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=jpn_Jpan/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ita_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ita_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_cmn_Hani |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=cmn_Hani/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_pol_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=pol_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_por_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=por_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_nld_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=nld_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ces_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ces_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ron_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ron_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_swe_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=swe_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_hun_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=hun_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_dan_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=dan_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ukr_Cyrl |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ukr_Cyrl/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_fas_Arab |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=fas_Arab/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ell_Grek |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ell_Grek/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_ind_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=ind_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_kor_Hang |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=kor_Hang/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_nob_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=nob_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_vie_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=vie_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_eng_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=eng_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_fin_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=fin_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_slk_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=slk_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_tur_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=tur_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_arb_Arab |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=arb_Arab/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_bul_Cyrl |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=bul_Cyrl/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_bos_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=bos_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: lang_lit_Latn |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/language_script=lit_Latn/**/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_RU |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=RU/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_DE |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=DE/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_JP |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=JP/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_IT |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=IT/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_FR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=FR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_PL |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=PL/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_CN |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=CN/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_NL |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=NL/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_BR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=BR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_ES |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=ES/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_UA |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=UA/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_CZ |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=CZ/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_EU |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=EU/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_RO |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=RO/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_HU |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=HU/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_SE |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=SE/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_DK |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=DK/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_IR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=IR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_GR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=GR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_AR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=AR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_CH |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=CH/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_ID |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=ID/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_MX |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=MX/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_VN |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=VN/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_NO |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=NO/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_BE |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=BE/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_KR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=KR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_AT |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=AT/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_SK |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=SK/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_PT |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=PT/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_FI |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=FI/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_TW |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=TW/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_TR |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=TR/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_GB |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=GB/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_CA |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=CA/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_BG |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=BG/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_CL |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=CL/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_IL |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=IL/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_IN |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=IN/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: region_BY |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/**/region=BY/*.parquet" |
| --- |
| # FineWeb + FineWeb-2 with served-from region annotations (URL-only, resolved-only) |
|
|
| A region-annotated, hive-partitioned view of [`HuggingFaceFW/fineweb`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb) (the `sample-100BT` slice) and [`HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2). Every record carries an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 region label produced by the URL-only resolution pipeline described in the companion paper. **Records with `region == "XX"` (unresolved) have been dropped**; to access them, use the original FineWeb / FineWeb-2 datasets and rejoin on `(source_dataset, id)`. |
|
|
| - **Records:** 2,960,753,780 (resolved-only) |
| - **Locales (language_script × region):** 30,012 |
| - **Languages (resolved):** 525 • **Regions:** 243 |
| - **Layout:** hive-partitioned `data/language_script={ls}/region={r}/{source_dataset}-*.parquet` |
| |
| > **Resolution rate, not precision.** The 57.20 % combined resolution rate (against the full input including XX) is recall-like — a measure of whether *any* label was produced, not whether it is correct. Label precision is not yet evaluated. Use the `region_confidence` column to filter (`high`/`medium`/`low` are the lookup-backed tiers; `ccTLD` and `url_hint` are weaker; rows with no signal were dropped). |
| |
| ## Schema |
| |
| | Column | Type | Notes | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `text` | string | Document body, verbatim from the source dataset. | |
| | `id` | string | Source record id (UUID-like). Together with `source_dataset` uniquely identifies the source row. | |
| | `dump` | string | CommonCrawl dump id (e.g. `CC-MAIN-2017-04`). | |
| | `url` | string | The URL used for region resolution. | |
| | `date` | string | WARC date. | |
| | `file_path` | string | Source WARC S3 path (for traceability). | |
| | `language` | string | ISO 639-3 (FineWeb's `en` is normalised to `eng`). | |
| | `language_script` | string | ISO 15924 (`Latn`, `Cyrl`, `Hani`, `Jpan`, `Arab`, …). | |
| | `language_score` | float64 | Source-dataset language-ID confidence. | |
| | `token_count` | int64 | FineWeb only (null for FineWeb-2). | |
| | `minhash_cluster_size` | int64 | FineWeb-2 only (null for FineWeb). | |
| | `top_langs` | string | FineWeb-2 only (per-segment lang JSON, null for FineWeb). | |
| | `region` | string | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2. **`XX` rows are excluded.** | |
| | `locale` | string | `<language>_<script>-<region>` (e.g. `eng_Latn-GB`). | |
| | `region_source` | string | `query` / `host_path` / `host` / `domain` / `url_hint` / `tld`. | |
| | `region_confidence` | string | `high` / `medium` / `low` / `url_hint` / `ccTLD`. | |
| | `region_content_share` | float32 | A11 content-scan vote share (0.0 in this URL-only release). | |
| | `region_top_rule` | string | `A1`–`A8` when the lookup CSV path was consulted, else empty. | |
| | `source_dataset` | string | `"fineweb"` or `"fineweb2"`. | |
| |
| ## Access patterns |
| |
| The repository is hive-partitioned so you can scope a load to a locale, a region, or a language without scanning the whole corpus. |
| |
| ### By locale (`language_script`-`region`) |
| |
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset( |
| "REPO_ID", |
| data_files="data/language_script=eng_Latn/region=GB/*.parquet", |
| split="train", |
| ) |
| print(ds[0]) |
| ``` |
| |
| ### By region (across all languages) |
| |
| ```python |
| ds = load_dataset( |
| "REPO_ID", |
| data_files="data/**/region=DE/*.parquet", |
| split="train", |
| ) |
| ``` |
| |
| ### By `language_script` (across all regions) |
| |
| ```python |
| ds = load_dataset( |
| "REPO_ID", |
| data_files="data/language_script=rus_Cyrl/**/*.parquet", |
| split="train", |
| ) |
| ``` |
| |
| ### Named configs (pre-declared in the dataset card) |
| |
| For the most common slices we predeclare configs so you can do: |
| |
| ```python |
| ds = load_dataset("REPO_ID", "lang_eng_Latn", split="train") |
| ds = load_dataset("REPO_ID", "region_GB", split="train") |
| ds = load_dataset("REPO_ID", "fineweb2_only", split="train") |
| ds = load_dataset("REPO_ID", "default", split="train") # everything |
| ``` |
| |
| The named configs are convenience shortcuts; the `data_files` glob route works for *any* (`language_script`, `region`) combination, including those without a named config. |
|
|
| ### Filter by confidence |
|
|
| `region_confidence` follows the pipeline's ladder. To get only the |
| lookup-backed tiers (no bare-ccTLD fallback): |
|
|
| ```python |
| ds = ds.filter(lambda x: x["region_confidence"] in ("high", "medium", "low")) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Rejoin to the original corpora |
|
|
| To get the XX (unresolved) rows back, or to verify a row against the |
| source dataset: |
|
|
| ```python |
| # source_dataset ∈ {"fineweb", "fineweb2"}, id is the per-source record id. |
| src = "HuggingFaceFW/fineweb" if row["source_dataset"] == "fineweb" else "HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2" |
| # Streaming lookup; the source datasets do not have an id index, but |
| # the (dump, url) tuple is unique in practice. |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Provenance |
|
|
| - **FineWeb** rows come from the `sample-100BT` subset. |
| - **FineWeb-2** rows come from the full ingest (5.03 B records), minus one corrupt parquet shard (`lit_Latn-XX/data-00084.parquet`, 1.98 M records — all unresolved, so they would have been dropped anyway). |
| - Region labels are produced by the `region_lookup_v3` resolver and its 1.33 M-key URL lookup table. The pipeline is described in the companion paper (`paper.md` in the source tree). |
| - **A11 content-scan is not enabled** in this release. `region_content_share` is 0 for every row; the `region_source = "content"` source value never fires. |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - **Precision unmeasured.** No held-out gold set has been built yet. Treat labels as best-effort, not certified. |
| - **`cmn_Hani` is preserved verbatim from FineWeb-2's source directories.** Simplified vs Traditional (Hans/Hant) is *not* distinguished; downstream consumers needing the split must derive it from `region` (CN/SG → Hans; TW/HK/MO → Hant) or by re-scanning text. |
| - **Non-Latin / RTL URL handling is unaudited at scale.** Punycode IDN hosts (`xn--*`) resolve via the ccTLD fallback but not via host-key lookups built on Latin forms. |
| - **No cross-corpus dedup.** A URL that appears in both FineWeb and FineWeb-2 produces two rows. |
| |
| ## Citation |
| |
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{fineweb-region-urlonly-2026, |
| title = {{FineWeb + FineWeb-2 URL-only region annotations}}, |
| author = {Yusser Al-Ghussin}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/REPO_ID}, |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| ## License |
| |
| Inherits from the source datasets: |
| - FineWeb: ODC-By 1.0 |
| - FineWeb-2: ODC-By 1.0 |
| |
| The annotation columns added by this work (`region`, `locale`, |
| `region_source`, `region_confidence`, `region_content_share`, |
| `region_top_rule`, `source_dataset`) are released under CC0-1.0. |
| |
