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In accordance with the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1989, NOVA supports efforts to eliminate drug and alcohol abuse through a series of programs and services designed to prevent use of substances that are illegal and harmful, and to assist individuals who suffer from substance abuse. The use of drugs and the abuse of alcohol can endanger one’s health and future. Students who need help can contact Counseling Services at any campus for information about referral to community agencies. No one may possess, sell, use, manufacture, give away, or otherwise distribute illegal substances while on campus or at College-sponsored events or meetings off-campus. Students who violate this policy will be subject to College discipline imposed through established due process procedures. The College will notify its Police and any other appropriate law enforcement agencies when its rules regarding illegal substances are broken, and cooperate fully in any investigation and prosecution.	95,661
Generic name: fenofibrate Dosage form: capsule This dosage information does not include all the information needed to use Lipofen safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for Lipofen. The information at Drugs.com is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist. LIPOFEN capsules should be given with meals thereby optimizing the absorption of the medication. Patients should be advised to swallow LIPOFEN capsules whole. Do not open, crush, dissolve or chew capsules. Patients should be placed on an appropriate lipid-lowering diet before receiving LIPOFEN, and should continue this diet during treatment with LIPOFEN. The initial treatment for dyslipidemia is dietary therapy specific for the type of lipoprotein abnormality. Excess body weight and excess alcoholic intake may be important factors in hypertriglyceridemia and should be addressed prior to any drug therapy. Physical exercise can be an important ancillary measure. Diseases contributory to hyperlipidemia, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus should be looked for and adequately treated. Estrogen therapy, thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers, are sometimes associated with massive rises in plasma triglycerides, especially in subjects with familial hypertriglyceridemia. In such cases, discontinuation of the specific etiologic agent may obviate the need for specific drug therapy of hypertriglyceridemia. Periodic determination of serum lipids should be obtained during initial therapy in order to establish the lowest effective dose of LIPOFEN. Therapy should be withdrawn in patients who do not have an adequate response after two months of treatment with the maximum recommended dose of 150 mg per day. Consideration should be given to reducing the dosage of LIPOFEN if lipid levels fall significantly below the targeted range. The initial dose is 50 to 150 mg per day. Dosage should be individualized according to patient response, and should be adjusted if necessary following repeat lipid determination at 4 to 8 week intervals. The maximum dose of LIPOFEN is 150 mg once daily. Impaired Renal Function In patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment, treatment with LIPOFEN should be initiated at a dose of 50 mg per day, and increased only after evaluation of the effects on renal function and lipid levels at this dose. The use of LIPOFEN should be avoided in patients with severe renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. - Lipofen Side Effects - Lipofen Drug Interactions - Antara (fenofibrate) capsule dosage information - Fenofibrate dosage information - Fenofibrate consumer information - Fenoglide (fenofibrate) tablet dosage information - Lofibra (fenofibrate) tablet, film coated dosage information - Tricor (fenofibrate) tablet dosage information - Tricor (fenofibrate) consumer information - Triglide (fenofibrate) tablet dosage information	23,246
The CBC radio program which I mentioned in a recent post dedicated to spin, journalism and public relations -in its second session last Friday- carried an interesting conversation between journalist Ira Basen, creator of the program, and Jim Lukaszevzki, a prominent and reputed New York based professional, consultant and teacher. … Read it (or listen to it) for yourself here…. Its main interest, from my perspective, is the discussion over if, how and why public relators tell the truth. This is a question, you all will have experienced it, that comes up very often, and Jim tries hard to shed some light. Amongst other arguments, he claims that the truth is, in a small percentage facts, and a large percentage, perception. To support this he says that if you interview different and disinterested witnesses of a car accident, you will receive as many different versions. Now, how really strong is this argument and what does it prove? By saying that truth is perception, beyond the basic facts of an undeniable and true event, you imply that truth is subjective. If you say that truth is subjective, you are in turn implying that there are many different truths. Right? Right! Now where does this leave us with the original question which was ‘do public relators tell the truth?’. Unfortunately, Jim, it leaves us nowhere. The stereotype we face and that we must argue, without beating around the bush, is that we spin, or hide, or shade the truth to the best interest of our employer. And how true is this claim? To pick up from your argument: how much of this claim is true and how much is it perception? One could say that this sophistic argument only helps in reinforcing that stereotype. No? Of course we are not payed to and expected to say the truth! Blasphemy? In the Italian language we have three terms: °la verità– the truth (i.e. there has been a car accident) °un argomento veritiero– contains a truth (the car was a Volvo, but I do not say how many people were in it, nor how the accident came to be) °un argomento verosimile– a seemingly true argument (i.e. presumably the two cars collided because one jumped into the opposite lane). If you accept this distinction, a public relator (beyond the more obvious facts whose truth noone denies) never tells the truth. His arguments, whenever possible, contain elements of truth, and more rarely they are seemingly true. Let me explain. Unless you take an ideological view of the term, the truth betond the basic facts does not exist. A professional who claims to always tell the truth and nothing but the truth is probably more harmful to our reputation than one who always lies. We struggle to tell as many truths as possible (otherwise where does our credibility go? And this might even to some seem an oxymoronic question, but you will at least admit that some of us have more credibility than others….no? at least in relative terms…come on…). When, instead, we are obliged to tell seemingly truths, then we must be a) very very cautious, because this is very tricky… b) always explicit that they are seemingly true to our interlocutor … and as these discussions go on be fully aware that more and more we will find ourselves also under scrutiny by the judiciary. We must be cautious because by saying seemingly truths we raise expectations and influence behaviours without certainty of what we have said. Thus, before doing so, the serious professional must make a very quick but detailed cost/benefit analysis from the perspective of the interlocutors’ best interest (as it is honestly perceived by the professional…of course) to see if his benefits from those seemingly truths, should they be true are more advantageous than the eventual negative consequence of those seemingly truths for him/her, if they eventually turn out to be not true.	206,954
Marijuana Use Rising in U.S., National Survey Shows Medical marijuana may be fueling increased use of pot while meth use has fallen by half since 2006. Marijuana is increasingly becoming the drug of choice among young adults in the United States, while use of methamphetamines is waning, according to a national survey of drug use released on Thursday. Overall, 8.9 percent of the U.S. population or 22.6 million Americans aged 12 and older used illicit drugs in 2010, up from 8.7 percent in 2009 and 8 percent in 2008, according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Marijuana use appeared to be fueling the increase, with some 17.4 million Americans -- or 6.9 percent of the population -- saying they used marijuana in 2010, up from 14.4 million or 5.8 percent of the population in 2007. Gil Kerlikowske, director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy in the United States, said increases are especially prominent in states in which medical marijuana use is legal. "Emerging research reveals potential links between state laws permitting access to smoked medical marijuana and higher rates of marijuana use," Kerlikowske said in a statement. According to the survey, 21.5 percent of young adults aged 18 to 25 used illicit drugs in 2010, up from 19.6 percent in 2008 to 21.2 percent in 2009. "This increase was also driven in large part by a rise in the rate of current marijuana use among this population," Kerlikowske said. Use of methamphetamines, meanwhile, has decreased, the survey found. The number of current meth users fell by about half between 2006 and 2010, with the number of people aged 12 and older who used meth dropping to 353,000 last year, down from 731,000 in 2006. Cocaine use also fell, dropping to 1.5 million users in 2010, from 2.4 million in 2006, the survey found. And among youths aged 12 to 17, drinking rates fell to 13.6 percent in 2010 from 14.7 percent in 2009; and smoking use fell to 10.7 percent in 2010, from 11.6 percent in 2009. - Article originally from Reuters.	19,579
Just Diagnosed With HIV You've probably come to this page because you've found out that you have HIV and you are starting to look around for some information on what this means. You might also be wanting to know what you can do about it. You're taking the first step on the life-long journey of learning to live with HIV. The first thing you need to know is that you are OK. You are not going to die right away. You do not have to tell everyone that you are HIV positive. But most importantly, you do not have to pretend that everything is as it was before, because it is not. Just remember, your life is not over. You have plenty of time to deal with this news. Receiving a diagnosis of HIV changes your life forever. It is normal that you will feel a lot of different emotions as you come to accept the idea of living with HIV. How are you feeling right now? Maybe you have just found out, and you're calm. Or maybe you found out a month or two ago and were OK until someone made a thoughtless remark. Or maybe you've been drinking and partying a bit too much or have retreated into your shell, but now feel you can't do that forever. Whatever you are feeling, it is really important to tell yourself that it's OK and to give yourself permission to feel those feelings. It's a good idea to let them out -- be angry, be sad, be confident, be calm, be afraid, be numb. If you become overwhelmed by your feelings, try to be careful not to hurt yourself or those around you. Consider getting help from professional counsellors, from friends and family, and especially from other people living with HIV. Talking about your feelings can help a lot. You may not believe it right now, but HIV is not a death sentence. There have been significant advances in the care and treatment of HIV. People with HIV now live long, productive lives. In fact, doctors speculate that many people with HIV might live out their natural lifespan. So, since you're likely to be around a while, you have a future. You can still have sex, you can still have meaningful relationships, you can still have a family and you can still have a career. Maybe you are thinking that there is no point in pursuing any of the goals you had before being diagnosed. Tell yourself it's OK to feel discouraged right now, but don't give up on yourself or your dreams. If you're feeling sad and hopeless or if you don't enjoy the things you normally do, and it's not going away, you might want to speak to your doctor about it. You may be experiencing depression. This is normal and there are treatments that can help you. Are there going to be a lot of new challenges? Yes -- both health-related and social -- but there are services and individuals available to help you. There are groups called AIDS service organizations, or A.S.O.s for short, that help people with HIV, people like you. ASOs are also a good way to find other people living with HIV. You might not be ready to contact an ASO yet, and that's fine. Take your time. They will be there to help you when you are ready to talk with somebody. In the Resources section, you can find ways to get connected to an ASO in your area. You might be feeling like you wish you had never found out about your diagnosis. It's true that it is hard to hear at first. But the fact that you have been diagnosed means that you can take steps to take care of yourself. Knowledge is power. It's a cliché, but with HIV it's true. By knowing your status, you can decide how you want to live with the virus. Maybe you won't want to know too much at first, but as time goes by, have confidence that you'll learn what you need to, and you'll find your own way of living with HIV. This article was provided by Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange. Visit CATIE's Web site to find out more about their activities, publications and services.	234,781
EYM-Bulgaria is a non party youth organization, which unites young people between 18 and 35-year old throughout the country interested in our main areas. Our key Objectives: - To promote in Bulgaria the principles and values of European federalism, friendship and peace, dialogue, understanding and co-operation for a social and economic development that furthers the well-being of all Europeans; - To implement projects fostering European integration, civic education, human rights protection, intercultural dialogue, international youth exchange; - To organize educational seminars, training courses, forums and national, regional and international conferences EYM Bulgaria is a national section of the Young European Federalists (JEF Europe). News from JEF Bulgaria no news in this list.	38,363
Increasing growth in New York City’s outer boroughs has not been met with equal growth in public transport access or options, according to a report released today by the Center for an Urban Future. Over the past two decades, the number of people making trips within or to another outer borough — these include Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and the Bronx — has become greater than those traveling from an outer borough to Manhattan, the report finds. For example, since 1990 the number of trips between Brooklyn and Queens has grown by 32 percent, while the number of trips from Brooklyn to Manhattan has grown by only 13 percent. Over that same period, the growth of jobs and population has been greater in the outer boroughs than the more famously dense borough of Manhattan. Despite these increasing demands for inter-borough travel, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and city Department of Transportation have failed to provide appropriate transit, instead continuing to rely on older, Manhattan-centric models of transit, according to the report. With a reliance on a more traditionally Fordist city model — one central business district playing nucleus to surrounding concentric rings of different housing stocks — New York’s past transit system made Manhattan the end-all, be-all destination. A trip between Brooklyn and Bronx, for instance, would ultimately have to go through Manhattan. That New York’s transit system operates on such a mindset is not surprising: It’s from the era when few commuters would ever have to regularly travel from Brooklyn to the Bronx. With growth now happening more rapidly in the outer boroughs, however, this Fordist model no longer matches the reality. Instead of one central business district, New York is now growing many employment hubs. The need for non-point based transportation is greater than ever. This past July, Tallahassee, Fla. decentralized its bus system to manage a change in transportation patterns 50 years in the making. As Samuel Scheib, a planner for the city’s bus system, told The Atlantic Cities, “the reality is that people need to get to work… and you’ve got to go where the jobs are.” Tallahassee is merely following the likes of cities such as Miami. A report by the Brookings Institution last year stressed the importance of connecting workplaces with transit as congestion and commute times rapidly increase. London’s Overground aims to connect the outer boroughs of London through a ring railroad. Credit: Flickr user Hectate1 (Take a look at these illustrations from a lecture at York University explaining the difference between Fordist and Post-Fordist cities.) Orbital transportation is now also a key ingredient in a vibrant public transport system. Greater London recently completed the Overground, which aims to connect the outer boroughs of London through a ring railroad, bypassing the traditional city center with the understanding that growth is also rapidly happening outside of London’s congested central borough. The Overground juxtaposes the more traditional Underground, which operates on the traditional model of London, with all suburbanites heading towards the city’s center. With the Overground, residents from over 20 of London’s 32 boroughs can travel quickly from one side of London to another without ever having to pass through the middle. But New York is never one to be outdone by other cities or let its growth go unaided. Yesterday, the city council held a hearing to address the needs of outer borough residents and make sure growth does not go hindered by a lack of transportation. As Manhattan becomes increasingly expensive and congested, the future of New York increasingly comes to lie in its outer boroughs.	25,026
The Effects of Enhanced Physical Education on Academic Achievement Schools around the country are reducing the amount of time devoted to PE. It is the predominate feeling among some administrators that physical education reduces the instruction time in core academic subjects. These administrators fail to see the connection between physical education and classroom learning. This month I decided to research this topic. Here are a few of the key findings: Connection Between The Body and The Mind Human and animal studies show brain areas involved in movement and learning are intimately connected, and physical activity could increase those neural connections (Uensen,1998; Shephard, 1997). Learning complex movement sequences stimulates the prefrontal cortex used in learning and problem solving, and this effect could improve learning. Neuroimaging data revealed changes in neural activity in the prefrontal cortex corresponding to the benefit of exercise on executive function observed in the exercise groups. A review of over a hundred studies concluded that physical activity is associated with selected advantages in cognitive function, specifically math, acuity and reaction time (Thomas, Landers, Salazar, & Etnier, 1994) . Statewide studies have found a positive relationship between FitnessGram (a fitness assessment and reporting program for youth) scores and performance on academic achievement tests. Another large and long-tern study was conducted in Trois Rivieres, in Quebec, Canada, beginning in the mid 1970s (Shephard,jeQuier, LaVallee, LeBarre, & Rajic, 1980; Shephard, LaVallee, VoIle, LaBarre, & Beaucage,1994; Shephard et al., 1984). Students in first through sixth grades received increased time for physical education and decreased time for other types of instruction. Improvements were reported, not only in fitness and psychomotor abilities, but in class grades also. Improving Attention Span and Classroom Behavior Physical activity might alter attention span through neurohormonal mechanisms, which could improve the child’s ability to focus in the classroom (Shephard, 1997). A summary of the fifty most rigorous studies exploring the relationship between indicators of physical activity and academic performance found 251 associations between physical activity and academic performance, representing measures of academic achievement, academic behavior, and cognitive skills and attitudes. Of all the associations examined, slightly more than half (50.5%) were positive, 48% were not significant, and only 1.5% were negative. In a period when greater emphasis is being placed on preparing children to take standardized tests, these studies should give school administrators reasons to consider investing in quality physical education and vigorous activity programs, even at the expense of time spent in the classroom. Time devoted to physical activity at school may actually improve academic performance. The health benefits of physical activity are well-known. Therefore, the implementation of accessible, low-cost physical activity programs for youth should be pursued without delay. These well-researched benefits are playing out everyday here at Foothills Montessori School both on the field and in the classroom. Our students are getting fit and staying healthy during PE. When they return to the classroom, the effects of exercise are enhancing the already incredible work our teachers are doing.	215,021
Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download or CD-ROM. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99... An author, editor, born at Newport, Rhode Island, 1814; died at Newark, New Jersey, 20 Sept., 1883. Graduating from Yale in 1832 he studied medicine, but abandoned it for the law and, on being admitted to the bar, opened an office in New York. He then tried journalism on the editorial staff of the "Journal of Commerce," and contributed editorially to the "Evening Post", during 1841-43 and 1847-48. In 1853 he entered the service of D. Appleton and Co., publishers, as editor, and, in addition to a large amount of literary and critical work, began for them, in 1861, the compilation of the "Annual Cyclopædia" which he continued till his death. He indexed T. H. Benton's "Abridgment of the Debates of Congress" and added a sixteenth volume to the series (New York 1857-60). He edited the "Queens of England" (1852); and wrote a "Military and Naval History of the Rebellion in the U. S." (1865), and a "Grammatical Analysis" (1866). During a long residence at Elizabeth, N. J., he held several local public offices including that of collector of the port during President Buchanan's administration. He became a convert to the Catholic Faith and married, as his second wife, Sarah, daughter of Orestes H. Brownson. Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biog. (New York, 1900), s.v.; LAMB, Biog. Dict, of U. S. (Boston, 1903); Freeman's Journal (New York), files. APA citation. (1912). William Jewett Tenney. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14512a.htm MLA citation. "William Jewett Tenney." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14512a.htm>. Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Douglas J. Potter. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.	270,361
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been troubled of late by widespread social unrest, slowing economic growth, and rampant official corruption as revealed by the Bo Xilai scandal. Less obvious to the outside world, however, have been the two sharply contrasting and controversial perspectives on the country’s near- to medium-term future that are now locked in mutual contention. These two rival scenarios reflect fundamentally different assessments of the socioeconomic situation and likely political trajectory of the world’s most populous country. The first scenario envisions an abrupt bottom-up revolution. This assessment has recently generated much heated intellectual and political debate in the PRC. In December 2011, the thirty-year-old best-selling author Han Han (China’s most popular blogger whose site has registered well over 580 million hits) posted a now-famous essay titled “On Revolution.” Although Han argues that “revolution is hardly a good option for China,” his intriguing view of the choice between reform and revolution has pointedly reflected—and greatly enhanced—the public awareness of the risk of revolution in the country. Additionally, one of the most popular books in PRC intellectual circles today is the Chinese translation of Alexis de Tocqueville’s 1856 classic The Old Regime and the Revolution. One frequently quoted passage is Tocqueville’s argument that revolutions usually occur not when the old regime resists change, but rather when it begins to attempt reform only to find expectations outstripping any possible rate of improvement. The second scenario is reform from above, which Chinese Communist Party (CCP) elites often refer to as “top-level reform” or the “top-level design of reform” (gaige de dingceng sheji). The latter term was first heard at a top CCP leadership meeting in October 2010. It is related to the leaders’ newfound understanding that China is now in “deep water” with regard to reform, and can no longer afford to “cross the river by feeling the stones,” as the Chinese expression goes. Improvised reform, in short, needs to give way to a more methodical and more profound set of changes. Moreover, with so many of China’s present-day socioeconomic problems growing out of impasses and obstacles within the political system, basic political reform will have to be part of the agenda as well. According to those who call for top-level reform, China needs better coordination between socioeconomic policy and political development, along with structural changes that are more coherent. The older, bottom-up approach that stresses grassroots elections must yield, they say, to a new roadmap that includes intra-CCP elections to choose national-level Party leaders, enhanced institutional checks and balances, and judicial reform. It is critically important for foreign analysts to grasp the ongoing Chinese discourse in three key areas: 1) the impact of the Bo Xilai crisis on China’s political trajectory, 2) possible triggers for sociopolitical uprisings and initiatives, and 3) institutional safeguards with which the CCP leadership may open the way to systemic change. Foreign analysts need to rethink the thesis of “authoritarian resilience,” a predominant view in overseas studies of Chinese politics which argues that Chinese authoritarianism is “resilient” or “strong.” This view underestimates both the inherent vulnerability in the one-party system and the growing resentment that the public feels over CCP leaders’ enormous power and wealth. Read and download the full article »	199,870
PHI 111 - Basic Problems of Philosophy FYS 100 - Information Technology Ethics Adrian Bardon - TR 3:00 – 4:15 p.m. - Greene Hall 312 There are rapidly developing ethical and social issues of considerable importance involving digital media, communication, the internet, and the World Wide Web. This course focuses on the development of critical reasoning, oral presentation, and writing skills in the context of a discussion of issues related to privacy, security, intellectual property rights, free speech, and the global information community. Student participation in the form of class discussion and presentations is heavily emphasized. In this course we address a number of questions regarding the impact of the internet and new information technology on areas of central moral, social, political, and legal concern. We study real-life cases and policy discussions in order to illuminate the social, ethical, and regulatory dilemmas raised in these important areas. The central questions we address are as follows: - What constitutes ethical and unethical behavior on the internet? - How should the global information community be governed? - What policies should be adopted with regard to free speech and regulation of digital content? - What policies should be adopted with regard to privacy and security? - What policies should be adopted with regard to intellectual property rights and the sharing of information? - Can the internet and World Wide Web be used to improve communication between different cultural and religious traditions? - How can values be embedded in certain kinds of technology, and how can technology affect our values? - What are the risks of new information technology, and how can information technology best be used to enhance human well-being? We explore these questions through reading, writing, research, and discussion. The course centers around a series of projects by students. Small groups of students do research on particular areas of concern and present their work to the class for discussion. Group work involves critical analyses of debates regarding issues of current interest. Presenters are encouraged to explore both the technological aspects of their subject and the use of information technology in researching and presenting their topic. FYS 100 – Citizenship and Global Justice Win-chiat Lee - TR 3:00 – 4:15 p.m – Tribble Hall A307 We will cover the following topics in this first-year seminar. I. Introduction to Moral Thinking - What is right and wrong? What is the basis of moral judgement? Are moral judgements relative? How do we determine whether a certain act is morally wrong? Can an individual’s act be morally wrong if it affects only himself or herself? II. The Right to Privacy and the Enforcement of Morals - Where does individual moral choice end and where does the legitimate use of coercive force by the state begin? Are there activities that are morally unsuitable for legislation even if they are or considered to be morally wrong? Should there be laws prohibiting prostitution, polygamy, "unnatural" sexual acts, pornography, the use of certain drugs and other activities often considered as matters of morals? III. Freedom of Expression and Censorship - Should we refrain from expressing ourselves in ways that are offensive to others? Should there be legal limits on what we may express in public? Do words ever harm? Is obscenity a good justification for censorship? IV. Abortion and Euthanasia - We will deal with issues such as the sanctity of life, the quality of life, legal and moral personhood, and an individual’s right over his or her own body. How should individuals approach certain life and death issues? How much control should individuals have over these life and death matters? V. Civil Disobedience - Does an unjust law command our obedience? Is there a general moral obligation to obey the law? How should we choose in case of conflict between our individual moral conscience and the law? Is it right for the state to prosecute cases of civil disobedience? FYS 100 – Philosophy of War Clark Thompson - TR 4:00 – 5:15 p.m. – Tribble Hall A201 A study of the implications of moral theory for the determination of when war is morally permissible and of how war is to be conducted if it is to be waged in a morally acceptable way. We shall examine whether either just war theory or utilitarianism can offer acceptable guidance in making these determinations. We shall ask whether the provisions of international law governing warfare, as well as the rules conducting warfare adopted by the military forces of the United States, are morally acceptable, and whether various possible military actions (e.g., the bombing of cities to weaken civilian morale) violate such provisions and rules. PHI 221 - Symbolic Symbolic Logic Stavroula Glezakos - WF 3:00 – 4:15 p.m - Tribble A307 We encounter and formulate arguments both while examining philosophical problems, and in the course of everyday life. It is thus desirable to develop techniques that allow us to determine whether a given argument is valid – that is, to determine whether an argument’s conclusion follows from its premises. In this course, we will learn increasingly sophisticated techniques for establishing the validity of arguments. We will introduce a symbolic language, learn how to represent sentences of English by sentences in that symbolic language, and develop a formal system of derivation – a way to demonstrate that an argument’s conclusion follows by valid reasoning from its premises. No prior study of logic or mathematics is required. Requirements: completion of regular homework assignments; 2 midterm exams; 1 final exam. PHI 241 - Modern Philosophy Adrian Bardon - MWF 1:00 – 1:50 p.m. - Tribble A307 In this course we examine the central ideas of some of the most influential European philosophers of the 17 th and 18 th centuries: Descartes, Leibniz, Newton, Berkeley, Locke, Hume, Reid. The central concern of the best-known figures of that period was the possibility and nature of scientific knowledge, and so this will also be our main concern this semester. The early modern period was characterized by a revolution in scientific thought, accompanied by closely related revolutions in thought regarding knowledge, reality, religion, political life, and morality. We shall study selections from the work of the most important philosophers of this critical era through reading, writing, lecture, and discussion. PHI 261 – Ethics Christian Miller - TR1:30 – 2:45 p.m. - Tribble A307 Ethics is concerned with the way we should live our lives and the type of person we should become. This course will focus, not on applied topics in ethics like famine relief, abortion, or the death penalty, but rather on ethical theory itself. We will look at such questions as: Which actions are right and which are wrong? Which outcomes should we promote? What kind of character should we attempt to cultivate? Our approach will be both historical and contemporary, and will focus on the four major ethical traditions: Divine Command Theory, where the commands of a loving and just God are central to ethical theorizing. Authors will include Aquinas, Robert Adams, and Philip Quinn. Kantian Deontology, where categorical imperatives and respect for others are central to ethical theorizing. Authors will include Kant, Christine Korsgaard, and David Velleman. Consequentialism, where maximizing good outcomes is central to ethical theorizing. Authors will include Bentham, Mill, and Shelly Kagan. Virtue Ethics, where virtuous character traits are central to ethical theorizing. Authors will include Aristotle, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Martha Nussbaum. At the moment, I envision requiring 3-4 moderately sized papers and no exams. PHI 332 – Aristotle Dorothea Lotter - W 4:30 – 7:00 p.m. - Tribble B313 Not only was Aristotle – together with Plato -- one of the most important philosophers of Greek antiquity, but he also is to this day considered one of the most influential thinkers in the history of humankind in general. This concerns not merely Aristotle’s contributions to the development of logic, which remained almost entirely unchallenged until the end of the 19 th century, but also his work in metaphysics, philosophy of mind, ethics, politics, art and poetics, which can be found in the more or less scattered fragments and notes that have been preserved with the help of his students and other scholars. This course serves as an introduction to Aristotle’s thought. Depending on the time available, we shall try to read and discuss a little bit of each major area of the same beginning with his system of categories (logic and ontology) and then move on to his epistemology and metaphysics (including philosophy of physics, biology and psychology), ethics and politics, and finally to his basic views on poetics and art. We shall be guided in our discussions by two overall issues: (1) our attempt to find out whether, and if so how, Aristotle’s views in these different areas are logically related to one another, and (2) whether, and if so to what extent, they make sense. Grading will be based on one term paper (10-12 pages sometime during the semester) and two take-home exams (midterm and final). Primary Textbook: Richard McKeon (ed.), The Basic Works of Aristotle , Modern Library 2001 (reprint). PHI 352 - Hegel, Kierkegaard & Nietzsche Charles Lewis - TR 3:00 – 5 :00* p.m. - Tribble B313 Is there a way to think about the natural world that also makes sense of human life and history? Is anything gained, or lost, by thinking holistically about the world as a whole? Is a life dedicated to thinking about the world (and living accordingly) a way of avoiding an authentic human life? What does it mean to live authentically? Does nihilism provide the answer or is it a form of avoidance? What motivates avoidance and is there a remedy? *Note: Officially, this class meets from 3:00 to 4:15, but in fact the class generally lets out considerably later than 4:15. If you cannot stay for the entire class, Professor Lewis will work with you outside of class time so that you do not miss any of the material. PHI 362 – Social & Political Philosophy Win-chiat Lee - TR 12 :00 – 1 :15 p.m. – Tribble A307 The main theme of the course is: liberalism and its critics. We will begin with John Rawls's influential account of the liberal conception of justice. While some attention will be paid to his methodology, the main focus will be on Rawls's substantive view on political, social and economic justice and his attempt to reconcile our concerns for liberty and equality. The rest of the course will be devoted to the study of criticisms of the liberal conception of justice, especially those directed specifically at Rawls’s account. Our study of the critics will begin with Robert Nozick's libertarian account of the origin of the state, the moral limits of the exercise of state power and the role of free market in distributive justice. In addition to discussing whether Rawls’s theory of justice can meet the challenges posed by Nozick’s libertarian view, we will also examine the adequacy of Rawls’s theory in dealing with a number of other issues – issues such as virtues, the good life, class and gender inequalities, culture, citizenship, and community – which are the focus of some of Rawls’s feminist, Marxian, and communitarian critics. Besides Rawls and Nozick, readings for this course will include works by Plato, John Locke, Karl Marx, Charles Taylor, G. A. Cohen, Susan Okin, and Will Kymlicka. PHI 373 – Philosophy of Science Dorothea Lotter - TR 9:30 – 10:45 a.m. – Tribble A307 The main topics included in this course can be summarized in the following questions: (1) How does science differ from other cultural enterprises, like art and poetry? (2) Are the distinguishing features of science its rationality and systematicity, or is it something else? (3) If the former, then just wherein do this rationality and systematicity consist, and is science really as systematic and rational as it has been claimed to be? (4) In particular, when taking a look at the history of science, can we say that there has been a steady progress of our knowledge in the sense of an accumulation that brings us ever closer to the one complete and true theory of the world, or does what we consider scientific progress in reality always involve a lot of random, even irrational, decisions? (5) Finally, what significance, if any at all, has the study of language for the study of scientific concepts and theories, or even for determining whether certain questions belong or do not belong into science? The course is intended as both an historical and a critical-systematic introduction to 20 th century philosophy of science. Roughly the first half of the semester shall be dedicated to the program of Unified Science (in its main relevant aspects) that was developed and spread by the Logical Positivists of the Vienna and Berlin Circles in the earlier decades of the 20 th century up until World War II. Though first practiced in Germany and Austria, the ideas and methods endorsed by this school were adamant in shaping what is today commonly regarded as 20 th century Anglo-American analytic – as opposed to “continental” -- philosophy in general. They were imported by exiled refugee members of the school, most of whom had fled continental Europe when the Nazis took over. The second half of the semester is dedicated to the decline of Logical Positivism as a feasible general program for the philosophy of science. We shall here take a closer look at the arguments and alternative views of some prominent critics of that program who were particularly influential in the second half of the 20 th century; i.e., Karl Popper, W.v.O. Quine, Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, and Imre Lakatos. We shall try to read and discuss at least one text by each of these authors as far as time permits.	261,015
Monday, May 20, 2013 By Guest Author, Eric Biber, Professor of Law, University of California Berkeley I (Josh Galperin, Associate Director, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy) have two forthcoming publications that argue against the growing "eat the invaders" or "invasivore" movement. Invasive species are a serious ecological and economic problem. The invasivore movement supposes that we can control biological invasions with a fork and knife. My collaborators and I see several problems with this argument. One of the leading problems is that generating enough culinary interest in an invasive species to actually impact its population will lead to cultural endearment. There are examples of invasive species, despite manifest ecological and economic damage, becoming important cultural icons. Even though it has nothing to do with food, the eucalyptus tree in California is one such example. How Eucalyptus Trees Are Connected to Denying Climate Change Here on Legal Planet, we talk a lot about climate skeptics/deniers, and we’re highly critical of them (for good reason!). A lot of those climate skeptics/deniers are conservatives. But there’s no monopoly on scientific ignorance on one end of the political spectrum. An example of that is close to home here at UC Berkeley. Let me be clear here. Cutting down eucalyptus trees to reduce fire risk and restore native plants and ecosystems is generally an environmentally sensible thing to do. It will help native plants and animals do better. And it will keep people safer. Those who argue otherwise are ignoring a lot of fairly clear ecological evidence, primarily because of other prior commitments they have (such as, logging is bad, or chemicals are bad). Sounds a little like climate skeptics/deniers to me. Wednesday, May 15, 2013 By Josh Galperin, Associate Director The United States Supreme Court didn’t do anything particularly interesting on Monday, May 13. All they did was issue a sound ruling on a reasonably simple legal question. The problem is that the facts of the case deal with thorny social issues that fuel the blogosfire: genetically modified foods and the role of multinational corporations. The case, Bowman v. Monsanto, is about the use and re-use of genetically modified soybeans. Monsanto developed and sells Roundup Ready soybeans. The genetically modified (GMO) beans are pesticide resistant, allowing a farmer to spray the Roundup pesticide without harming the crop. Monsanto sells Roundup Ready soybeans with a license that allows the farmer to plant and harvest the first generation of beans but explicitly prohibits the farmer from saving seeds and planting a second generation. With this restriction Monsanto assures that any farmer who wants the benefit of Roundup Ready beans will pay for that benefit each year. Vernon Bowman bought Roundup Ready soybeans each year for his full-season crop – but not for the late-season crop he planted after harvesting his winter wheat. Roundup Ready seeds cost 300 percent more than traditional seeds and because the yield of a late-season planting is lower, Bowman did not want to invest such a large sum. Instead he bought beans from the local grain elevator and planted them. Nearly all soybeans grown in the United States are Roundup Ready, so when Bowman sprayed Roundup on his late-season crop, nearly all the beans survived. In addition to selling these beans, Bowman saved seeds and used them on his double crop acres in following years. Monsanto sued Bowman, arguing that its patent on Roundup Ready beans allows the company to restrict copying. Bowman countered that the legal doctrine of patent exhaustion protects him. Patent exhaustion prohibits a patent holder like Monsanto from controlling the use of its patented product after the patent holder’s initial sale. It is permissible, Bowmen therefore argued, to plant the offspring of patented soybeans because the patent exhausts after a farmer buys the seeds from Monsanto. The Court disagreed. As the Court explained, it is well settled law that the purchaser of a patented item may use that item as he wants, either using it directly, reselling it, or letting it rot in the basement. It is not, however, permissible to copy the patented item, which is what Bowman was doing by planting second-generation seeds. Emerging 3D printing technology provides a good example. If I purchase a 3D printer I can use that printer to print widgets or I can sell the printer to somebody else, but I cannot use it to print an identical 3D printer. Patent exhaustion allows a buyer to do what she will with the purchased article, but not with the intellectual property that is embedded in that article. Bowman also argued that this case is not an example of simple copying, as it would be with the printer, because the seeds grow naturally, without his initiative. The Court called this the “blame the bean” defense. Perhaps they would have been more sympathetic if Bowman could have argued that preventing growth of a second generation was a significant burden but in fact, it took significant effort—including planting, watering, spraying, and harvesting—to get the descendant generations. The Supreme Court was in unanimous agreement about the extent of the patent protection in this case, which should blunt public outrage. Nonetheless, the ruling has sparked hyperbolic and ideological arguments about the role of GMOs and corporate farming. Monsanto itself hailed the ruling as evidence that the Court recognizes that Monsanto’s GMO creation “feeds people, improves lives, creates jobs, and allows America to keep its competitive edge.” On the other hand the Center for Food Safety, an organic and non-GMO advocacy group says the “Supreme Court Rules against Farmers.” The patent protection given to the “agrochemical giant” is “destructive to farmers, agriculture as an industry, food security and consumer health and safety” according to the Center. I tend to agree with the general positions of organizations like the Center for Food Safety. The hegemony of firms like Monsanto and the rapid spread of products like Roundup Ready soybeans are troubling from a social, economic, and environmental perspective. However, Bowman v. Monsanto is not about these larger issues. This is a case about patent law, not genetic modification or corporate dominance. The question presented to the court was not whether a company can patent genes or whether traditional farming practices trump organic agriculture. The question was whether a farmer may reproduce a patented seed without the patent holder’s permission. Patent protection allows firms to invest in research and development with the knowledge that when they make a breakthrough they can profit from their investment without fear that after the first sale they will no longer control their intellectual property. Although this protection might seem dubious when it protects the genetic modifications of agrochemical giants, it is the same incentive that helps spur methane digesters, solar panels, smart meters, and other important technological advances that can benefit the environment and small farmers.	2,408
UNITED NATIONS/LONDON - Egyptian courts have made a grotesque ruling in sentencing hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood members to death, the head of the New York office of Amnesty International, the global human rights monitoring group said Wednesday. “Amnesty International does not believe that the death penalty should be applied for any crime or activity,” Jose Luis Diaz, Amnesty International chief in New York, told The Anadolu Agency. Hours before Amnesty International was due to publish its annual report of global death penalty statistics, to be released Thursday night, Diaz said the Egyptian government should quash the death penalty sentences. “Of course we can't force the Egyptian courts to reverse the judgment,” he said. “But we can continue to call on them to respect due process and fair trial standards without imposing the death penalty.” Diaz said there are legal imbalances in Egypt and a culture of impunity. He also questioned the effectiveness of the death penalty. “We don't believe the death penalty is effective in preventing the crimes for which it is imposed, and this is confirmed by much of the research,” he said. The conviction and sentencing to death of more than 500 people in one swoop demonstrated the determination of the military rulers in Egypt to silence voices of opposition, according to the president of the Muslim Association of Britain, Dr. Omer El-Hamdoon. - Pressure Cairo Amnesty International is calling on communities around the world and international institutions “to put pressure on Egypt to respect human rights,” Diaz said. The human rights organization will continue to monitor domestic events in Egypt to keep other nations informed about abuses, he said. In its report, Amnesty International will outline trends in the use of the death penalty during 2013, including the number of executions per country. The Egyptian court’s ruling was the largest number of simultaneous death sentences handed down in recent years, not just in Egypt but across the world, said Amnesty International's campaigner for Egypt, Nicholas Piachaud. "A single court handed down more death sentences in one day than most countries do in a year," Piachaud said. The imposition of the death sentences, as well as some of the trial procedures in Egypt were described as “alarming” by Farhan Haq, deputy spokesperson for the UN secretary-general, at his daily press briefing on Tuesday. “We’re also following and monitoring how the trial procedures work and we may say something further on this in due course,” Haq said. Piachaud said at one point the judge ordered armed guards to surround the defense lawyers after they protested his refusal to give them access to important documents. Stressing that the international community should condemn the verdict, Piachaud said a muted response would only embolden the authorities to commit further human rights violations. ‘’It would send a signal that governments are prepared to stay silent while the Egyptian authorities trample on the rule of law," Piachaud said. But Haq refused to say if there had been any contact between the United Nations and authorities in Egypt beyond the statements the UN has issued. - UN role “You can be sure that the Secretary-General has been concerned about this and that we’ve tried to do what we can, in terms of our influence, to bring about a successful resolution of this issue,” Haq said. “I don't know what else the UN Secretary-General is doing but the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has said that the mass imposition of the death penalty, after a trial rife with procedural irregularities, is in breach of international human rights law,” Diaz told AA. “I hope the UN Secretary General raises the issues.” He stressed that Amnesty International would continue to help local authorities and civil society everywhere as they work to bring about moratoriums on, or the abolition of, the death penalty. Copyright © 2014 Anadolu Agency	1,435
Important pages are Politifake, Create and Forum. In the following table you'll find the 10 most important pages of Politifake.org: \|#\|\|Description\|\|URL of the website\| \|10.\|\|politics Exempt America Defund Obamacare\|\|/facebookview.php?id=49137\| The web server used by Politifake.org is located near the city of Absecon, USA and is run by Linode. This web server runs a few other websites, mostly in the english language. Some websites on this web server are not suitable for minors. Because Politifake.org was not classified as a website for adults, the proximity to other adult websites could impact the classifcation of this website negatively. The websites of Politifake.org are served by a Nginx server. The visitor analysis software Google Analytics is used to analyze the visitors of the websites. Due to the robot information on the webpage, the following actions by webcrawlers are not allowed: using the description of the website from the Open Directory project. All other actions by webcrawlers are allowed. In order to display ads the Google Adsense advertising network is used. \|Number of websites:\|\|6 - more websites using this IP address\| \|Best-known websites:\|\|Motinetwork.net (little known), Politifake.org (little known)\| \|Websites for adults:\|\|17% of the websites are adult\| \|Language distribution:\|\|83% of the websites are english\| \|Webserver software:\|\|Nginx, Version 1.7.7\| \|Load time:\|\|0.52 seconds (faster than 65 % of all websites)\| \|Filesize:\|\|35.46 KB (388 recognized words in text)\| \|Visitor Tracking/analysis:\|\|The website uses Google Analytics to analyze the visitors.\| The website doesn't contain questionable content. It can be used by kids and is safe for work. Safe for children Safe for work	175,422
Sir Roger Bannister broke the four-minute mile on May 6, 1954 He lived off pilchards and stew, trained for only half an hour a day, never warmed up and didn’t make a penny out of his running. As a junior doctor, his greatest fear before a race was slipping on the hospital ward. He turned down a place in the 1948 Olympics and never won an Olympic medal. Sir Roger Bannister now walks with a limp, after a car crash in 1975, and has had three hip replacements — but he is still thought of as Britain’s greatest athlete because, on May 6, 1954, he broke the four-minute mile, becoming the fastest	273,477
A £2.2bn pipeline that will deliver a million barrels of crude oil a day to the Mediterranean Sea, and is set to become a vital gateway for central Asian energy resources to the west, opened yesterday. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline will run for 1,100 miles from the Azerbaijani capital, through Georgia to the Turkish port, and through two of the most politically turbulent countries in the region. Washington, uncomfortable at its reliance on oil from the Middle East, has long sought the BTC as a bridge for the massive energy resources of Kazakhstan, a country the size of western Europe. The pipeline has stoked controversy on several fronts. Apart from the environmental hazards (it passes close to a national park in Georgia and traverses highly seismic landscape throughout its route), the pipeline has brought western powers into partnership with governments with suspect human rights records. Presidents Ilham Aliev of Azerbaijan, Ahmet Sezer of Turkey, Mikhail Saakashvilli of Georgia and Kazakhstan's Nursaltan Nazarbayev attended the inauguration ceremony yesterday at the Sangachal terminal, 25 miles south of Baku. They were joined by the US energy secretary, Samuel Bodnam, and Lord Browne, head of British Petroleum, the largest shareholder in the project, with a 30.1% stake. Mr Aliev opened the tap permitting the first oil into his country's section of the pipeline, named after his father, Heydar Aliev, whom he succeeded after an election marred by violence and fraud allegations. His government has a 25% stake in the project that he expects to help the economy grow by 18%. "Some doubted the feasibility of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan project, while others tried to raise obstacles," Interfax quoted him as saying. "The union of Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia and the United States ... made this a reality." Oil from the pipeline is not expected at the Turkish port of Ceyhan until August 15, and will supply 1% of global demand. Many analysts see greater potential for the BTC as a conduit for central Asian oil, principally from Kazakhstan. Mr Nazarbayev unveiled plans this week to link the western Kazakh oil port of Aktau to the BTC. The Bush administration first recognised the pipeline's potential in May 2001, when an energy policy review spearheaded by the vice-president, Dick Cheney, said the Kashagan oilfield in Kazakhstan was capable of exporting 2.6m barrels a day if pipelines like the BTC were operational. The report recommended Mr Bush to order the departments of state and energy to "establish the commercial conditions" to facilitate Kazakh exports via the BTC. Since then the US has increased its military assistance to the authoritarian Mr Aliev, while at the same time supporting a pro-western revolution in Georgia. "This is confirmation of American double-standards - supporting regimes that are authoritarian, but part of their energy package," said the analyst Lilya Shevtsova of the Carnegie Endowment, in Moscow. She said the BTC also gave Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan independence from Russia, upon whose pipelines they had previously relied to export their oil. The move away from the Russian pipelines will also benefit Washington, which is keen to immunise its energy supplies from possible friction with Russia and Iran. The US is also expected to increase its military presence in Azerbaijan, which will further rile Moscow.	103,281
LONDON -- British renewable energy firm Blue Energy announced Tuesday that it will build a solar power plant in Ghana which it claimed will become the biggest in Africa. Blue Energy said the new plant could “spark a renewable energy revolution in West Africa." The 155-megawatt Nzema plant, costing $400 million to build, will be fully operational in 2015. Blue Energy said there were currently only three other PV plants in the world that are bigger. The plant will increase Ghana's current power generating capacity by 6% and will meet 20% of the government's target of generating 10% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. "There's huge potential to develop renewable power in the region. We believe Nzema will show other countries what can be achieved and then spur them to action," said Blue Energy chief executive Chris Dean. The firm said it planned to develop further renewable energy power plants in west Africa and had "a number of projects in the pipeline." The announcement comes after two German firms, Bosch and Siemens, said they were quitting the ambitious Desertec project to build solar power plants across North Africa and the Middle East, dealing a blow to Europe's clean energy plans. Desertec aimed to generate some 15% of Europe's electricity consumption with solar and wind energy within the next 40 years. The project was launched in 2009 by several German companies including Munich Re, Deutsche Bank, as well as energy giants E.ON and RWE. French, Italian and Spanish companies also took stakes in an initial investment of $525 billion. Morocco is building a solar complex set to open in 2014 and will generate between 125 and 160 megawatts. Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2012	232,095
If you've ever heard someone talk to a young child, or have done it yourself, you've probably noticed that it's quite different from how adults talk to other adults. Research comparing talk directed to infants with talk directed to adults has consistently borne this out. In addition to using features such as repetition and “simple” sentences in infant directed talk (or IDS), ‘prosodic’ features such as rhythm, pitch, intonation and stress also vary significantly, and to beneficial effect. It appears that young children not only prefer listening to IDS, but they also use its prosodic features in language learning. IDS stress patterns, for instance, help focus children’s attention on target words, as well as identifying grammatical class, and understanding word boundaries. Features of IDS prosody such as intonation and stress therefore appear to be important for helping young children to acquire lexical, morphological and syntactic information. Deborah Herold, Lynne Nygaard and Laura Namy have now found that adults also use prosody to help children understand the meanings of words. They investigated the use of prosodic cues in the speech of fourteen, native English-speaking mothers interacting with their individual children. The average age of the children was 23 months. The researchers investigated six words with opposite meanings: happy/sad, hot/cold, big/small, tall/short, yummy/yucky, and strong/weak. Each pair was illustrated by images that would be easily recognisable to young children such as, for big/small, a big flower and a small flower and accompanying sentences which included the word being investigated, such as “look at the big one/look at the small one”. The mothers were asked to read and talk about the “picture book” with their children, and to make sure that they read each sentence at least once during the session. The mothers’ speech was then compared with earlier recordings where the mothers had produced each of the sentences as if it was directed to an adult. The two sets of recordings thus yielded talk directed to infants and talk directed to adults, for comparison, and the participants were unaware of the real aim of the study. Herold, Nygaard and Namy found that mothers systematically varied prosodic cues such as loudness and duration in order to differentiate the meanings of the pairs of words. Adjectives such as happy, tall and strong were all produced more loudly than their opposites (sad, short and weak) (though the differences were negligible for the three remaining pairs of words). Happy, hot, big, short, yucky and weak were all produced with shorter duration than their opposites. Interestingly, happy was the only member of a pair to feature both greater loudness and shorter duration, which the researchers hypothesise may have something to do with the communication of positive emotion. If so, this is a new and significant finding: previous studies have shown that prosody can communicate something about the emotion of the speaker, but this research suggests that features of IDS prosody can provide information about positive and negative meanings, even when the speaker is not actively experiencing those emotions themselves. These findings are the first to show that when they are directing their talk to children, speakers use consistent and reliable prosodic cues to mark different word meanings. They add to a growing body of work on the significance of prosody in first language acquisition. Herold, Deborah S., Nygaard, Lynne C. and Namy, Laura L. (2012) Say it like you mean it: mothers’use of prosody to convey word meaning. Language and Speech 55: 423-436. This summary was written by Ishtla Singh	9,285
Serious violations in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories were ongoing in 2011, Human Rights Watch said in its annual report Sunday. It listed Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip, ongoing settlement expansion in the occupied West Bank and home demolitions in East Jerusalem, dpa reported. But it also noted Palestinian rocket and mortar fire from Gaza at southern Israeli population centres. And it condemned Hamas, the radical Islamist movement ruling Gaza, for carrying out three judicial executions, and for allegedly torturing scores of Palestinian detainees, some of whom died. The Palestinian Authority, in control of the West Bank, was criticized for its part in arbitrarily detaining hundreds of Hamas supporters. Israel has eased the entry of goods into Gaza, but continued to block exports, hindering the rebuilding of the coastal enclave's devastated economy. Construction materials are still barred because Israel says they can be used by militants and Gaza still had an estimated shortage of some 250 schools and 100,000 homes. In the West Bank and East Jerusalem, Israel had demolished (by November 1) some 467 Palestinian homes and other buildings, displacing 869 people, the highest number in five years, the report said. "Israel usually carries out demolitions on the grounds that the structures were built without permits, but in practice such permits are almost impossible for Palestinians to obtain in Israeli-controlled areas," read the report. The report also sharply criticized Israel for detaining 164 Palestinian minors. It also mentioned settler violence and vandalism and what it said was lack of action by Israeli authorities against it. The United Nations reported 377 attacks by settlers last year that damaged Palestinian property, including almost 10,000 olive trees. The report also mentioned new legislation passed by the Israeli parliament, including one law making "calls for boycotts of Israeli settlements" as a civil offence, and another which "penalizes cultural, academic, or other institutions or municipalities that commemorate the Nakba (catastrophe)" - the Palestinian term for the dispersal of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians as refugees in the 1948-49 war that broke out after Israel was established.	279,959
The sheriff’s office served a search warrant on the property and found that the animals were being housed in deplorable living conditions. Numerous dogs were living in an outdoor facility, while others were confined inside trailers on the property. Many of the animals were living in feces and filth and did not have access to clean water or food. Tia Pope, manager of puppy mill response for The HSUS said: “No animal should ever be forced to live in conditions like this. We’re thankful to the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office for taking action and letting us help rescue these animals. Now, they’ll get the opportunity to live happy, healthy lives.” In addition, rescuers found more than 60 other animals, including 11 exotic birds, 19 chickens, 20 horses and multiple cats, bunnies and turtles on the property. Some of the animals were in need of immediate medical care, others were underweight, suffering from eye conditions and dental problems. Sheriff Gerald Robinson said: “Irresponsible breeders fuel the animal overpopulation crisis, but through the concerted efforts of our office along with The HSUS, we are relieved that all animals rescued today can now receive the care that they’ve so desperately needed. These animals will no longer be subjected or forced to live in such deplorable conditions that we consider a ‘sanitary nuisance.’ Considering the cost associated with the shelter and veterinarian expenses of the rescued animals, our agency would not have been able to sustain the financial burden without the direct involvement of The HSUS.” The HSUS’ Animal Rescue Team has removed all of the animals from the property pending the final disposition of this case. At the temporary emergency shelter, the animals will be thoroughly examined by a team of veterinarians, and will receive any necessary immediate medical treatment. PetSmart Charities is providing the necessary food, supplies and enrichment items for the dogs. This raid was made possible, in part because of the generosity of Louis Dorfman, a dedicated constituent, advocate and supporter of The HSUS. Arkansas is one of the most problematic puppy mill states in the country and currently there is no law to protect these dogs, As a result, Arkansas has become a haven for some of the worst operators in the country. The HSUS will be working with lawmakers to pursue legislation to change this in 2015. Copyright 2015 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.	94,982
The problem with browsing the Internet is that just about every site seems to require a different password. They say that we shouldn’t use the same password for every site, but it’s tempting. Worse, when we forget our password, we request a reminder by email, so if anyone hacks our email account or can gain access to our email client, then it’s very easy for them to see the password or reminder. Result? If you use a similar password across the Internet, many of your accounts suddenly become vulnerable. One person recently told me that they use a combination of two words, consisting of the website name, their usual password, plus two numbers. This could work, as long as the website name is fairly familiar and your password follows a consistent trend (so you can remember them, easily). The other alternative is to use a central password manager that enables you to store all your web passwords, then use one key important password to access the entire database. When you surf the Internet and a site requires your user/pass, all you need to do is log in to the central password manager and it should fill the form information automatically. KeePass is free and one of the best central password managers. As well as storing your regular web passwords, you could use it to store a digital record of your credit card numbers and other information you use across the Internet. With ultra-strong encryption, there’s no way any hacker will be able to hack in and access your KeePass database, either. Note that this is the desktop version. There’s a portable version of the Windows version, which you can copy to a USB key and take on the road.	267,607
Toss Section 13 Tuesday, 22 November 2011 15:12 Bills introduced from the backbenches of Parliament are typically cast adrift unless the government opts to throw them a life preserver. So we applaud Justice Minister Rob Nicholson for tossing a lifeline to a private member’s bill that seeks repeal of Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act. Section 13 comprises the paragraphs of an otherwise worthwhile act that makes hate speech a punishable offence. Hateful language, however transmitted, is abhorrent and society has an obligation to combat it robustly. But Section 13, which evolved from legislation in the 1960s to silence racist telephone hotlines, is manifestly flawed and its repeal is long overdue. Thus Bill C-304, introduced by Tory backbencher Brian Storseth last month, has won the support of the government and now seems almost certain to proceed eventually to a final vote in Parliament next year. The Conservatives voted almost unanimously to scrap Section 13 at a 2008 policy convention. So Storseth’s bill appears a safe bet to pass under the Tory majority. “Our government believes that Section 13 is not an appropriate or effective means for combatting hate propaganda,” Nicholson told Parliament. “We believe the Criminal Code is the best vehicle to prosecute these crimes.” The purpose of the Canadian Human Rights Act is to safeguard human rights but Section 13, expanded in 2001 to include the Internet, grossly infringes on the basic right of free expression. The enforcement of Section 13 by tribunals is subjective and based on arbitrary definitions of hate speech. It can be wielded like a club to punish and muzzle any person or organization, including faith groups, whose message is deemed discriminatory by any individual who wants to file a complaint. Speech promoting hatred or inciting violence is rightly classified as a criminal offence. But expressing opinions, however objectionable, that merely offend another person should not be unlawful in a free society. As constitutional lawyer Iain Benson argues, Section 13 fails to make that distinction between real hate speech and “hurt” speech. Three years ago, constitutional expert Professor Richard Moon was asked by the Canadian Human Rights Commission to study Section 13. He concluded that it was tantamount to censorship and recommended its repeal. The next year, a human rights tribunal ruled that Section 13 violated the Charter right of free expression, a decision that will be reviewed next month in federal court. Storseth’s bill pre-empts that court hearing and places the matter in Parliament, where it belongs. Laws should be made in Parliament where they can be transparently enacted by elected officials, not arbitrarily decided in courts by unelected judges. Unfortunately, a minority parliament failed to act following Moon’s 2008 report, but Storseth’s bill is providing an overdue opportunity to finally make things right.	261,589
Expand your knowledge of wildlife photography at this special Photo Safari and Workshop. Led by Tom Maddrey, photographer, educator and founder of the Eclipse Photography Institute, and Cathy Burkey, staff photographer for the Dallas Zoological Society, the event begins with a guided tour, leading participants to animal habitats that offer the best opportunities for photographers. After lunch, Maddrey and Burkey will provide practical tips for making your next wildlife session as productive as possible, covering the equipment and gear that can help make it happen. During the workshop, participants review the pictures taken and discuss what makes a “stunning” image. Color, design, composition, light, shadow, nuance, and tone will be covered, all in the search for those images that move people emotionally as well as intellectually. Students will learn the differences between portraits and behavior shots, how to set up for a great image, ethical considerations, and much more. Finally, an in-depth question-and-answer discussion will address types of photography, workflow, printing, and more. Sign up today for this fun workshop and learn what it takes to create stunning images of nature and wildlife. Date: Saturday, March 23; 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (Reservation deadline March 15) Cost: $125 for DZS members and $150 for non-members. Includes a continental breakfast and lunch as well as admission to the Dallas Zoo and parking. Participants must bring their own cameras and equipment. Registration is limited to 15 participants, who must be age 18 and older. To register email Cathy.Burkey@DallasZoo.com or call 469.554.7423.	234,424
[Phil Jones, Nov '08] Most governments around the world have signed up to Kyoto, and it is likely that the US will engage much more readily in many processes after Jan 20, 2009. The UK has a climate change bill which seeks to reduce emissions by 80% by 2050, and to produce national risk assessments every 5 years. To almost all in government circles (including the US from Jan 20, 2009), the science is done and dusted. The reporting of climate stories within the media (especially the BBC) is generally one-sided, i.e. the counter argument is rarely made. There is, however, still a vociferous and small majority of climate change skeptics (also called deniers, but these almost entirely exclude any climate-trained climate scientists) who engage the public/govt/media through web sites. Mainstream climate science does not engage with them, and most of these skeptics/deniers do not write regular scientific papers in peer-review journals. The project would address the division through the reporting (in mainstream media and bloggs) of a number (to be decided but 3-5) recent scientific papers. Issues to be addressed include:should a vociferous minority be able to bully mainstream scientists?; should mainstream climate scientists have to change the way they have worked for generations (through the peer-review literature)? and should the science be conducted across blogg sites? Coldest March Night Ever? 1 hour ago	188,380
Before taking any other steps to eliminate the fishy smell in a car, first make sure that it is not coming from an antifreeze leak. This can be a serious problem and should be checked by a mechanic as soon as possible. If the odor is because of some other source, there are many at-home methods to try before going to a cleaning professional.Continue Reading According to CarsDirect, the first step is to thoroughly vacuum the car's interior, making sure to access hard-to-reach places where smelly debris might be. If vacuuming does not remove the smell, use a portable steam cleaner on the carpet and fabric upholstery. Unpleasant car smells can come from air conditioning or heating ducts, so spraying a deodorizer through the car's intake valve can be helpful. Sprinkling baking soda on the carpet, rubbing it into problem areas, and vacuuming it a few hours later may eliminate odors. Charcoal is often used to absorb smells in air and water filters. Placing a few chunks of charcoal in the car for several days may assist in removing persistent odors. Putting cotton balls that have been treated with a pleasant natural aroma like vanilla, mint or citrus can help mask the smell. Dryer softener sheets can serve the same purpose. Consumer Reports and CarsDirect explain that some unpleasant car smells are caused by mechanical problems that may be serious. If the odor is that of gas or rotten eggs, it is best to take the car to a mechanic as soon as possible. Some odors, however, may persist after all at-home attempts to remove them. In that case, a consult a cleaning professional.Learn more about Smell Removal	261,755
TDDC32 Design and implementation of a software module in Java A little story about course goals This course aims to improve your understanding and experience with programming. You should continue to build upon the knowledge acquired in TDDC30, so Java is the programming language of choice. In this course you will get a taste of handling a larger project. A larger project means that it usually needs more advanced programming tools and concepts. For example, multi-threading for doing several things at the same time, communication for e.g. client-server programs, or doing more complex input-output tasks such as using a graphical interface (GUI) interfacing with a database. To manipulate efficiently the data used in your project, you will need more advanced data structures such as binary information trees, heaps or hash tables. Algorithms will help in maintaining the data structures to function correctly (e.g: balancing the trees or other tasks such as adding/deleting/searching/ordering). Solving a bigger problem means that you should be acquainted with object-oriented analysis and design techniques, and also that you know how to test your program once the implementation is finished. Moreover, handling a bigger project means that you should have some knowledge on how to organise the different steps of your project. To summarise, during this course you should acquire enough knowledge, such that in a continuation course such as TDDC88: Software Engineering, you can concentrate on the software engineering, and not get lost in the programming or basic project-handling parts. See also the course syllabus for more factual information. As course book we use the Data Structures and Algorithms in Java book by Michael T. Goodrich and Roberto Tamassia (the same book as for TDDC30). It is used for the data structures and algorithms part of the course and also for providing some object-oriented concepts. It can be also used as basic Java reference book. In addition we use several online resources that are listed in the reading material section. Lectures, labs, and project As a general guideline the lectures are divided as follows. There are around 3 lectures on data structures and algorithms, then 2 lectures on advanced Java features, and then 2 lectures about object-oriented analysis and design, and UML. The last lecture will be on project management. The laboratory work gives practical depth to the theoretical part. The project implies between 80 and 100 hours of work and consists both of a) design and programming, and b) project organisation/documentation, where the biggest part of the time should be spent on programming (66-75%). The course has the following examination items: - LAB1 (1.5 ECTS credits) lab assignments - TEN1 (1.5 ECTS credits) written exam: - 2013-03-15, at 14-18 (solutions). An exam viewing session was held on Tuesday 2 April at 12-13 in Donald Knuth, IDA House B, first floor. - 2013-06-07, at 8-12. An exam viewing session will be held on Monday 26 August at 12.00-12.30 in Donald Knuth, IDA House B, first floor. - 2013-08-29, at 14-18 - Old exams are to be found here - PRA1 (3 ECTS credits) project work the course you will have to pass all the three examination items: a) The laboratory work, b) the project, and c) the written examination dealing with the theoretical parts. The end grade will be calculated from the exam grade (33%) and the project grade (66%). Page responsible: Tommy Färnqvist Last updated: 2013-07-29	282,345
A comparative study of HPr proteins from extremophilic organisms MetadataShow full item record A thermodynamic study of five homologous HPr proteins derived from organisms inhabiting diverse environments has been undertaken. The aim of this study was to further our understanding of protein stabilization in extremes of environment. Two of the proteins were derived from moderate thermophiles (Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacillus staerothermophilus) and two from haloalkaliphilic organisms (Bacillus halodurans and Oceanobacillus iheyensis); these proteins were compared with HPr from the mesophile Bacillus subtilus. Genes for three of these homologous HPr proteins were for the first time cloned from their respective organisms into expression vectors and they were over-expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. Stability measurements were performed on these proteins under a variety of solution conditions (varying pH, salinity and temperature) by thermal and solvent induced denaturation experiments. Stability curves were determined for every homologue and these reveal very similar conformational stability for these homologues at their habitat temperatures. The BstHPr homologue is the most thermostable and also has the highest G25; the stability of other homologues was ranked as Bst>Bh>St>Bs>OiHPr. Other key thermodynamic parameters, like Cp, have been estimated for all the homologues and it was found that these values are identical within errors of estimation. Also, it was found that the values of TS are very similar for these homologues. Together these observations allow us to propose a thermodynamic mechanism toward achieving higher Tm. The crystal structures of the BstHPr and a single tryptophan-containing variant (BstF29W) of this homologue are also reported here. Also reported is a domain-swapped dimeric structure for the BstF29W variant, together with a detailed investigation into the solution oligomeric nature of this protein. The crystal structure of BstHPr is analyzed to enumerate various stabilizating interactions like hydrogen bonds and salt-bridges and these were compared with those for the mesophilic homologue BsHPr. Finally, an analysis of sequence alignments together with structural information for these homologues has allowed design of numerous variants of both Bs and BstHPr. A detailed thermodynamic study of these variants is presented in an attempt to understand the origins of the differences in stability of the HPr homologues. Syed Ali, Abbas Razvi (2005). A comparative study of HPr proteins from extremophilic organisms. Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University. Available electronically from	118,617
Listening to commentaries regarding the influx of hundreds of thousands of "refugees" into the U.S. from southern socialist countries, it is clear that there is a contest among journalists and politicians to lay claim on the most compassionate position. Should they be allowed to stay or sent back to their countries of origin? Who shall take care of them? What care do they require? The discussion is embedded in an old adage my dad would say: "It just depends on whose ox is being gored." "Ox" in this case could be an antonym for any of the following -- your wealth, your reputation, your chances for re-election, your government subsidy, your tax bracket, the safety of your community, schools, medical resources, environmental quality and natural resources. Everyone feels compassion for any person who is unfortunate enough to live in a country where dictators rule and crime runs rampant. But for border state residents and border guards, Washington and the press have little compassion when resources are stretched to limits and the security of personal property and community is in a state of constant erosion — a direct result of the open border chaos. For lack of any better solution, the government is now transporting refugees to different locations in the U.S., much to the disapproval of many of the local residents whose oxen are sure to be gored. Perhaps, the Washington elite should be moved to Nogales, Ariz., where bureaucrats could live with their decisions. We might hear less about compassion and more about getting the border secured. A welfare state and open borders cannot co-exist without negative consequences. The consequences are that everyone's oxen are going to get gored.	151,254
Our perceptions of food are changing, and so is our level of acceptance toward changes to those quintessential recipes we grew up with. Just log into a cooking site and you can find a mayonnaise recipe to fit just about any dietary restriction or preference. No eggs? No problem. But that isn’t how Hellmann’s, which refers to its egg-full sandwich spread as "real mayonnaise," saw it. Last November Hellmann's, owned by Best Foods (which is owned by Unilever), launched a suit against a startup food company for misleading consumers by referring to its new eggless product "mayo." The vegan product, boldly called "Just Mayo," was the brainchild of Hampton Creek, a food tech company based in San Francisco that's become known for its unorthodox approach to America's quintessential recipes. In the manufacturing giant's view, however, the recipe alteration confused consumers and constituted "stealing market share from Hellmann's." After consumers protested and Hellmann's was accused of tweaking information on its website that suggested that some of its mayo products might also be missing eggs, the company dropped the suit a week before Christmas. With new research that suggests that food allergies are increasing in the western world and current concerns about H5N1 outbreaks in poultry in the Northwest, the U.S. market is ripe for vegan/vegetarian products that can address individual needs and preferences. According to the Vegetarian Resource Group, 3.4 percent or 7.5 million surveyed identified themselves as vegetarian in 2009. Of that number, 0.80 percent, or 1.8 million said they were vegan. The numbers have increased in recent years, with confessions by movie stars and political icons who admit they've sworn off of meat-based foods. All of this puts weight in Hampton Creek's favor and has likely piqued the interest of other food manufacturers as well. Still, it brings up a great question for today's foodies: Does altering mama's state-of-the-art recipe change what you can call the store-bought product? Is gluten-free bread that touts "whole grains" (and includes a good amount of things like tapioca and buckwheat) fudging the context? It's a question that most food manufacturers don't want to become embroiled in these days, particularly in light of the increasing debate over genetically modified organisms (GMO) and the questions concerning U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations that allow drink producers to advertise their highly-sugared juice cocktail drinks as "juice" on store banners. As for Just Mayo, sales have been just great since Hellmann's launched its suit. A consumer-led online petition and plenty of advertising from the suit helped promote its brand name as well as its vegan-friendly qualities. I'll be interested to see what new tangents mayo-makers come up with next to court the interests of America's growing number of vegetarian consumers. Image credit: Mike Mozart Jan Lee is a former news editor and award-winning editorial writer whose non-fiction and fiction have been published in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the U.K. and Australia. Her articles and posts can be found on TriplePundit, JustMeans, and her blog, The Multicultural Jew, as well as other publications. She currently splits her residence between the city of Vancouver, British Columbia and the rural farmlands of Idaho.	261,347
Fiery Pepper Fatal for Fat Cells? Capsaicin, a Compound in Hot Red Peppers, May Halt Fat Formation March 6, 2007 -- Capsaicin, the fiery compound in hot red peppers, may make fledging fat cells self-destruct, Taiwanese scientists report. But don’t drown your dinner in hot pepper sauce just yet. So far, the Taiwanese team has only pitted capsaicin against fat cells in test tubes, not Scientists included Gow-Chin Yen, a professor in the food science and biotechnology department at Taiwan's National Chung Hsing University. They focused on cells called preadipocytes, which develop into fat cells. The researchers wanted to see what effect capsaicin would have on such First, they brewed a capsaicin extract in their lab. Then, they marinated preadipocytes from mice in the capsaicin extract for eight days, freshening the capsaicin extract every other day. The preadipocytes exposed to capsaicin died before becoming fat cells, according to the study, which appears in the Journal of Agricultural and Looking to lose weight? The researchers aren't making diet recommendations at this point. The basic principle of weight loss is simple -- burn more calories than you consume -- and doesn't require spicy red peppers or any other exotic But for many people, losing weight is anything but simple. That's why any food that could help would be hot.	38,238
1621. Pope Gregory XV is elected, the last Pope to be elected by acclamation rather than ballot. 1775. British Parliament declares Massachusetts colony in rebellion. 1825. After none of the candidates receives a majority of the popular vote, the US House of Representatives selects John Quincy Adams as President. Future President Andrew Jackson, the other primary contender, is extremely annoyed to say the least. 1861. The Confederate convention in Montgomery, Alabama, selects Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional President. 1895. A new game, originally called mintonette, is invented. It soon becomes better known as volleyball. 1900. The Davis Cup competition is established. 1950. An alcoholic, previously unknown and insignificant junior Senator from Wisconsin makes a speech on Lincoln Day in Wheeling, Nebraska before the Republican Women's Club of Wheeling. Waving some papers around, he claims that he has a "list" of 205 members of the State Department that are members of the Communist Party and are shaping national policy. The senator was Joseph McCarthy, and the escalation in anti-Communist paranoia that resulted became known as McCarthyism. The era in which this occurred is generally known as the Second Red Scare, though clearly the Second Red Scare began before McCarthy made his famous speech. 1960. Joanne Woodward receives the first star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1964. The Beatles perform for the first time on the Ed Sullivan show. 1965. The first US combat troops are sent to South Vietnam, beginning an episode in American history that would result in rioting, the near destruction of the Democratic Party, and the deaths of nearly 60,000 Americans (plus 300,000 US wounded). 1969. The first 747 test flight. "I love signature blocks on the Internet. I get to put whatever the hell I want in quotes, pick a pretend author, and bang, it's like he really said it." George Washington	10,472
Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica Print version ISSN 0102-7972 MANSO, Ana and ALMEIDA, Ana Tomás de. A discourse, two voices: strengths of an interpretative study on law and institutionalization. Psicol. Reflex. Crit. [online]. 2009, vol.22, n.3, pp. 455-465. ISSN 0102-7972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722009000300017. This study is based on the content analysis of interviews done with 15 young males institutionalized in a Re-Education Center in Portugal for offensive behavior and conflict with the law. The technique of generating discourse structure, used as a communication validity tool, allows the definition of law and institutionalization as the main categories. The main goal is to describe the social representations youngsters build about the categories, upon which the researcher performs her own interpretative work. The analyses revealed that youngsters conceive law in terms of its legal consequences, while perceiving institutionalization as an educational measure, in terms of their social rehabilitation, but also referring to it as a punishment element. This study aims at accounting for the potentialities of the interpretative approach concerning research and intervention. Keywords : Content analysis; Law; Institutionalization; Juvenile delinquency.	169,951
In Thailand flood waters have swamped more than two-thirds of the country.This is currently the country’s worst flooding in 50 years. Over 900,000 families and businesses have been impacted and hundreds of lives have been lost. National relief efforts are now focused on providing essential food, clean water, and shelter to displaced people and restoring damaged infrastructure. Here are online resources and maps of the flooding: 1.Google Crisis Response: Thailand Floods Map– shows the flood affected areas across Thailand, shelters, flooded highways, and provides emergency contact information for residents. 2. ThaiFlood.com – shows flooding areas in Thailand. Updated daily. 3. Globalfloodmap.org – shows flooded areas and displaced persons in Thailand with numbers and percentages of people losing homes. It uses NASA satellite data to assess at risk areas for flooding. 4. Map of Flooded Roads – created by the Thailand Highway Department. It shows roads flooded across the country. 5. Water Measurement System – monitors the water level in canals and rivers in Thailand. 6. Thailand Flood Monitoring System– monitors the water level. You can search by province and districts. This is the government’s site. 7. ESRI Thailand Flooding Map – combines reports of flooding from Ministry of Transport with social media such as YouTube, Tweets, and Flickr. Picture taken from: CNN Sachiye Day, VERTICES intern. email@example.com	200,801
CPC: Northern Hemisphere Winter Summary - 1995-96 - Figure 3. Deviations of the monthly average total ozone from the long-term mean (1983-95 for Fresno, and 1979-95 for the other three stations). The percentage anomaly has been averaged for the four midlatitude U.S. stations, and smoothed with a three (3) point running mean. The trend of this average is -4% per decade.	59,646
An epidemiological study of food allergy in a regional hospital in Ireland © Cox et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2015 Published: 30 March 2015 Food allergy is rapidly becoming a significant burden on the paediatric population of developed countries.[1, 2] Type 1 allergy causes much anxiety and leads to some of the very acute and distressing presentations to paediatric A&E. Misconception and fears regarding the use of adrenaline preparations is one of the causative factors, although there is a huge evidence base that shows the safety and effectiveness of these preparations in managing the true and suspected cases of type 1 allergy. In the Paediatric unit in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda there is an allergy clinic which runs as an out-patient service. Our aim was to establish a database of children who presented to these clinics and record the allergens (both food and aeroallergens) to which they had a positive reaction. We included those that had a positive skin prick test or radioallergosorbent test (RAST), or both. It is only by creating such a database that we can determine both the scale of the problem in our area and the adequacy of services provided. Using this information we could proceed further to audit our services and make any improvements in the future. The aim of the allergy register was to: Obtain information about 1) the number of children presenting to our allergy clinic and 2) the prevalence of food allergy within this group and the type of allergens (nut, fish, milk, egg). Determine the number of children with associated atopic conditions (asthma, eczema, hayfever). Record the nature of reaction to the various allergens. Record the patients who had been given adrenaline pens so that timely replacements can be provided in the future. Information was collected retrospectively from the clinic letters of the allergy clinic from January 2011 to December 2013. Information collected included personal biodata of the patients (age, sex etc), their confirmed allergies (either through skin prick testing or RAST), the number of those prescribed adrenaline injection or anti-histamine tablets and associated atopic conditions (eczema, asthma, hayfever). There were a total of 490 children who attended the allergy clinic in the three year period. Of these, 62% were males, 38% were females. Approximately half were below five years of age (56%). Of the patients that presented to our clinics, 64% had confirmed food allergies through skin prick testing or blood testing (RAST) or both. True symptoms of anaphylaxis were reported in only 10% of attendees, while other documented reactions included skin rashes, urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms. Food allergy to egg, milk and nuts were the most common presentations, comprising more than 80% of the cases. Adrenaline pen prescriptions were provided to 35% of patients. A significant number of children had associate atopic conditions; asthma was reported in 41.17%, with hay fever in 28.57% and eczema in 53.78%. The rising prevalence of food allergies is reflected in the increasing number of cases presenting to the paediatric allergy clinic in our hospital. More than 80% of the patients were allergic to egg, milk, peanut and tree nuts. Approximately 30% of these patients had been prescribed an adrenaline pen for use in case of anaphylaxis. A number of recommendations could be implemented from the information collected from this audit. For example, the data collected in this allergy register could be used to form a standardised database and would be useful for follow up clinics. Patients with adrenaline prescriptions could be flagged and contacted to ensure that they had updated prescriptions available and are confident in their technique of administering the adrenaline. - Scott Sicherer H: Epidemiology of food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011, 127 (3): 594-602. 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.044.View ArticleGoogle Scholar - Rona,Roberto J, et al: The prevalence of food allergy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2007, 120 (3): 638-646. 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.026.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar - Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, et al: The diagnosis and managemet of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010, 126: 477-480. 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.022.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.	156,335
Most Active Stories - Empire Brewing Company says new brewery will create distinctive craft beers - Teachers union not ready to reverse no confidence vote in education commissioner - Duffy will keep thoughts to himself on Moreland Commission - Tell Me More will leave WRVO's midday schedule; Q with Jian Ghomeshi moves in - Novelis defends itself in court against allegations of influencing union vote NASA: Satellite's Rate Of Descent Has Slowed We reported on the variables that make it hard to, even at this late date, predict exactly when and where a dead 6-ton NASA satellite will fall to Earth. The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, or UARS, will be the biggest NASA spacecraft to crash back to Earth, but it's now baffling scientists as its descent toward Earth slows — delaying its ultimate crash until the early part of the weekend. The space agency is now predicting the satellite will crash down to Earth late Friday or early Saturday, Eastern Time.	31,594
Three different takes on the Chancellor’s announcement in the Autumn Statement. Reading the small print, our view is that it makes no new commitments. Train companies will be “encouraged”, not “required”, to provide a better quality of rolling stock to replace the obsolete Pacers. They are to be “phased out”, which could mean at the start of the franchise, or by the end which could be a very long time away. Autumn Statement: New trains for northern rail routes Investment in new rolling stock for rail franchises in the north of England has been announced by the government. The move is part of Chancellor George Osborne’s ambition to create a northern economic “powerhouse”. It means the Northern Rail and Trans-Pennine Express routes will see the current “pacer” trains replaced with new and modern vehicles. Mr Osborne said in his Autumn Statement announcement that the current rolling stock was “ancient and unpopular”. Pacer trains were built between 1980 and 1987, and were originally intended a short-term solution to a shortage of rolling stock, but remain in use today. The Northern Rail franchise covers a large swathe of the north, operating both commuter and some longer routes from the north-west of England across to the north-east of the country. Its services also extend to the midland counties of Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Staffordshire. The Trans-Pennine Express service runs regular inter-city services between major cities in the north of England as well as to the Scottish central belt area. In 2013 the franchises carried more than 110 million passengers, connecting the key strategic cities of Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, Manchester and Newcastle, and onwards to Edinburgh and Glasgow. The franchises to run the two northern routes are going through their renewal process, with the winning bidders being announced by October 2015. It had been thought there might also be some announcement from Mr Osborne on rail fares during the Autumn Statement, but there was no new development. In September, it had been announced that regulated fares in England, which include season tickets and “anytime” singles, would rise by a maximum of 2.5% from January. That was the level of Retail Price Index (RPI) inflation this summer. Normally the fares increase cap would be RPI plus 1%. [Yorkshire Post version] Pacer trains hated by Yorkshire commuters move closer to scrap heap Yorkshire commuters were offered the hope of an end to the use of “buses on rails” in the Autumn Statement but train operators look set to have the final say. The Chancellor told MPs that “replacing the ancient and unpopular pacer carriages with new and modern trains” would be part of the new northern and transpennine rail franchises due to come into force in 2016. But the detailed Treasury documents released alongside the statement suggest the Government will only “encourage bidders to replace the outdated pacer trains” rather than make it a requirement of the companies awarded the franchises which cover the bulk of local services in the region. It was also confirmed that in the coming days the Government will publish the results of a feasibility study looking at improving access to Leeds-Bradford Airport which has been criticised for many years. The West Yorkshire Combined Authority – the body responsible for major transport projects in the area – has already been given £38m to fund a new road link but the study will look at the potential for a rail line. James Lewis, chairman of the authority’s transport committee, said: “I am pleased to see the Government supporting proposals for an access road to Leeds- Bradford International Airport, which is one of the proposed West Yorkshire Plus Transport Fund projects, due to be delivered by 2021. “We look forward to seeing the feasibility study report when it is published on Friday and working with the Department for Transport and Leeds-Bradford International Airport to take forward its findings.” [Rochdale Observer version] ‘Scrap Pacers’ promise ignores reality of delay to process The Chancellor has been keen to talk up the fact that he wants to create a ‘Northern Powerhouse’, with the proposed HS3 scheme being central to that plan. In addition, Mr Osborne said that he will replace ‘Pacer’ trains under new franchises, but ignored the fact that this process has stalled. This week it was reported by ‘Modern Railways’ that the tendering process for Trans-Pennine and Northern Rail franchises may be delayed because of uncertainties regarding the current ‘Northern Hub’ and Trans-Pennine electrification programmes. According to ‘industry sources’, the invitation to tender documents, which were due to be published this year are likely to be delayed because there is an: “Inability of Network Rail to deliver a firm timetable for the completion of electrification work in the North West and slippage in the Northern Hub programme.” Modern Railways also state that: “According to a senior insider, it’s an utter farce that at the moment so much is unknown.” “In the midst of the confusion, the Department for Transport has even asked bidders what they suggest it should do.” Despite the northern electrification project starting a year ago, there has never been a published budget, and back in June, Clare Moriarty, Director General, Rail Executive, Department for Transport told the Transport Select Committee: “At the stage when the schemes were listed out, a number of schemes—northern electrification may be one of them—were at quite an early stage, when it was not possible to say absolutely definitively what they would cost.” Following this, Paul Plummer, Rail Delivery Group member, and Group Strategy Director, Network Rail was asked if the project would happen and replied: “I cannot give you that absolutely categorical confirmation. I can say that, within Network Rail, everybody working on all of these projects is working on the basis that they will be continuing and will be delivered, and that is absolutely clear.” Following the Autumn Statement, Stop HS2 Campaign Manager Joe Rukin commented: “It’s all well and good for George Osborne to talk about a ‘Northern Powerhouse’, HS3 and new trains, but the reality is that the timescale and the budget for current rail projects have slipped. The Chancellor can talk about replacing the ‘Pacer’ trains all he likes, but the reality is the new franchises are being delayed because the infrastructure is late and over-budget. He has to come clean on this and admit what the situation actually is, but he hasn’t done that because the fact current projects are overdue and over-spent will only damage the HS2 vanity project, and demonstrate that the eye-watering £50bn price for that will only go up too.” “Everyone knows that Government projects come in late and over-budget, and it is clear that local transport projects are the ones which deliver the greatest benefits to communities, so the way forward is clear; do not gamble £50bn on a white elephant no-one needs, but instead make sure that the local projects which will alleviate crush-hour conditions actually go ahead.” Penny Gaines, chairwoman of Stop HS2 added: “Whatever the case for better East – West links in the north of England, it’s clear that George Osborne has already decided what the solution will look like. By insisting it should be High Speed 3, Osborne shows he has made up his mind: it’s going to prioritise speed over the real needs of ordinary people.”	107,638
Interest in iron chelation has reemerged as data on deferiprone (Ferriprox®) have accumulated in several patient populations. Iron chelating agents have been tried in the past without clear benefit. Until recently, trials were limited by the development of systemic iron deficiency before any clinical neurologic benefits were evident. Unlike earlier drugs, deferiprone crosses the blood-brain barrier and removes intracellular iron. A clinical trial is underway to investigate if the iron-chelating drug deferiprone can remove brain iron by oral (taken by mouth) medication. Clinical examinations during the study shall explore if deferiprone has an impact on the course of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), a form of NBIA. The drug will be tested for 18 months in 90 patients. The study will be carried out at five centers: Munich (Germany), Warsaw (Poland), Milan (Italy), Newcastle (United Kingdom) and Oakland (California in the United States). It’s a gold standard study: randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. “Placebo-controlled” means that in the context of this study, deferiprone will be compared with a placebo. A placebo looks identical to the deferiprone but does not contain any active ingredient. The study participants will have a two in three chance of getting deferiprone and a one in three chance of getting the placebo. The selection will be done by randomization. “Randomization” is done according to a computer generated randomization list. Every patient would be allocated to either placebo or deferiprone group according to this list. It is necessary to compare the drug with a placebo group to fully assess the effects and side effects of deferiprone. “Double-blinding” means that neither the patient nor the physicians know in which group the patient is in. This is necessary for an objective collection of study data. The study participants will be ages 4 to adult and must have PKAN disease, confirmed by genetic testing. Nancy Sweeters, study coordinator for the U.S. site at the Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland, says that the screening process involves signing a simplified informed consent form that allows the release of some medical information. That information will include the lab confirmation of a genetic diagnosis of PKAN, medical history, current medications and results of a complete blood count taken in the past year. Led by Dr. Elliott Vichinsky at the U.S. site, the Phase III trial plans to enroll 40. The other sites in Europe will enroll another 50 patients for a total of 90. The European Union is funding the study in the U.S. and Europe through a grant called Treat Iron-Related Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration or TIRCON. Additionally, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is funding a portion of the study in the U.S. The pharmaceutical company, ApoPharma Inc., is providing the deferiprone and placebo for all of the sites and is the contract research organization that will monitor the study. U.S. participants will be required to travel to Oakland six times during the trial with transportation and lodging provided for each visit. If trial results are positive, all participants will be offered deferiprone on a compassionate-use basis at no cost. In the U.S. that will last until the FDA approves the drug for PKAN. U.S. Clinical Trial Center: Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland Dr. Elliott Vichinsky, PI Nancy Sweeters, Study coordinator Article from Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland's "PEDS News": "Mom Found the Med that Changing Her Son's Life" Article from NBIA Newsletter: "Deferiprone clinical trial underway and off to a good start" TIRCON Clinical Study Information: (All .pdf flies)	265,162
Posted: June 20, 2013 at 11:35 am The total number of light-duty vehicles on the road in America is likely to set new highs soon. But the number of vehicles per licensed driver and per household might continue a slide that began about a decade ago, according to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. UMTRI research scientist Michael Sivak notes that registered light-duty vehicles in the U.S. peaked at 236.4 million units in 2008. His analysis shows the number slid to about 230 million by 2010, probably because of the economic downturn during that period. Volume has since rebounded and, thanks to continuing strong new-car sales, appears likely to set a new high soon, according to Sivak. But his analysis also shows that ratios of cars per household, per licensed driver and per total population began to plateau in 2001. All three measures have been slipping since 2006—two years before the recession began. Sivak points to an upturn in telecommuting and greater use of public transportation as possible causes. Such societal changes, he says, could signal a long-term decline in America’s concentration of vehicles.	130,201
Book Excerpt - from Chapter 3 The strange relationship between Newton and the complex fringes of the Hermeticism of the epoch has long been unknown, and even concealed. The official biographies have mostly kept silent about this side of Newton. Loup Verlet writes of the conditions of the “miraculous” discovery of Newton’s unpublished manuscripts. Put in a stack in 1696 when he was leaving the directorship of the mint in London, they escaped the burning of his personal documents arranged just after his death. They were discovered two centuries later and put up at auction in 1936. John Maynard Keynes won the manuscripts and revealed that Newton was not only the “first physicist” but also the “last magician.” The haul included several alchemical works, the bulk of them now at Cambridge, some at the University of Jerusalem, and others in private collections. According to Verlet, Newton’s known work comprises 1.4 million words relating to theology, 550,000 on alchemy, 150,000 on monetary affairs, and one million on scientific problems. Verlet considers Newton, from a scientific point of view, to have been a coincidence. If he had not lived, the development of the sciences would surely have been delayed, and the work begun by Galileo and Descartes would have been slowed down. But by hiding his secrets away, Newton the magus also hid the alchemical, Hermetic, and esoteric dimensions which elucidated his research. From this point of view, victorious Science made its complex matrix disappear. Alexandre Koyré writes that Newton senselessly brought his most technical work into the realm of questioning regarding “methodological, epistemological, and metaphysical problems.” He explains that historians often neglect this development, getting mixed up over the various editions of Newton’s works, especially his Optics. Bishop Berkeley soon saw the danger, and vigorously attacked Newton’s ideas starting in 1710. Leibniz, for his part, accused Newton of philosophical occultism. Newton reacted by publishing his “General Scholium” in a new edition of his Principia. He wrote: “The true God is a living, intelligent, and powerful Being; . . . his duration reaches from eternity to eternity; his presence from infinity to infinity; he governs all things.” Was Newton cautious, or truly a heretic? He refuted the purely mechanist positions of Descartes and Leibniz, always remaining at the edge of what was tolerated in religious matters, even attacking his contemporaries for “impiety.” Leibniz reacted on the same terrain, writing in 1715 to the Princess of Wales--who would later be Queen of England--that “Sir Isaac Newton, and his followers, have also a very odd opinion concerning the work of God. According to their doctrine, God Almighty wants to wind up his watch from time to time: otherwise it would cease to move. He had not, it seems, sufficient foresight to make it a perpetual motion. Nay, the machine of God’s making is so imperfect, according to these gentlemen, that he is obliged to clean it now and then by an extraordinary concourse, and even to mend it, as a clockmaker mends his work.” The controversy continued for a long time, mingling theological and scientific arguments in a surprising mixture, often subtle, sometimes of an absolute intellectual perversity. Isabelle Stengers writes that Newton affirmed: “I do not feign hypotheses, I stick to phenomena.” This did not hinder his speculative theories, and placed him in contrast with the “contemplative” Galileo. In his work on the history of zero, Charles Seife highlights the will of Newton, like Leibniz, to use a “dangerous idea,” the idea of zero, to invent differential calculus. Accepting the idea of a number that is nothing and infinite--a strange and terrifying concept emerging before the time of Christ, rejected by all the thinkers of the ancient world, except for the Babylonians who invented this empty space and the Mayans who placed it before 1--the scientists of the eighteenth century used the nothing and gave it substance. Another revolution was in progress: “mystic calculus” appeared. In 1669, according to Richard Westfall, Newton immersed himself in alchemical literature. Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs affirms that “Newton read virtually everything alchemical that had ever been published, and a good many things that had not.” Numerous manuscripts from Hartlib’s circle were copied by Newton himself. His friend Robert Boyle served him as a link to other circles of Rosicrucians and alchemists. Elias Ashmole did the same in writing his Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (published in 1652). Newton even devised an anagram of his name as a pseudonym (Isaacus Neuutonus becoming Jeova sanctus unus), which allowed him to exchange manuscripts with his correspondents while remaining anonymous, despite widespread speculation. In Newton’s personal archives, a great many manuscripts have been found with lengthy annotations: Philalethes’ Secrets Reveal’d from 1669, Sendivogius’ Novum Lumen Chymicum, Espagnet’s Arcanum hermeticae philosophiae, Maier’s Symbola aureae mensae duodecim, the Opera of George Ripley (the great English alchemist), Basil Valentine’s Triumphal Chariot of Antimony. Most of these are preserved at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Newton was fascinated by the transmutation of metals. “Far from seeking to make gold, he sought to understand nature,” writes Jacques Blamont. Newton sought to isolate mercury, a fundamental element. This was probably the cause of his death. Outside this dimension, Newton developed truly heretical ideas. Fascinated by the trinity, he was impassioned by the conflict between the orthodox, led by Athanasius in the fourth century, and the disciples of Arius. Arius believed that God was one, and that the trinity could not be. Newton, according to Richard Westfall, became convinced bit by bit “that a massive fraud had perverted the legacy of the early church.” Newton considered the worship of Christ, in place of God, to be idolatrous. But living in a completely orthodox Cambridge where his own master, Barrow, defended the trinity, Newton did not express his views publicly. David Brewster, in his 1855 biography, wrote, “uniting philosophy and religion, Newton dissolved the alliance that genius had formed with skepticism, and added to the myriad witnesses the most brilliant name of ancient and modern times.” In this valuable book Alain Bauer has been firmly established that the myths relating to the directly operative origins of Freemasonry, seeing the cathedral builders as the true forerunners of speculative Masons and viewing these latter as legitimate heirs of the former, can no longer be considered as anything more than what they are: myths, stories that are significant but are in no way historical facts. The Author presents the swirl of historical, sociological, and religious influences that sparked the spiritual ferment and transformation of that time. His research shows that Freemasonry represented a crossroads between science and spirituality and became the vehicle for promoting spiritual and intellectual egalitarianism. Ceasing to search for the key to understanding itself in mysterious and abstruse geometry and in the fabulous architectonic legacy of the pyramids, speculative Masonry must redirect its attention to what, after almost three centuries, defines it and gives it structure: an intellectual and moral adventure. Editor, PS Review of Freemasonry.	240,900
Doug's Bench Part IV: Reinforcing the Seat To install the threaded rod reinforcement in the seat of Doug’s Shoe Bench I began by routing three (3) ½” x ½” grooves down the length of the underside of the bench seat. Then I cut three (3) pieces of 3/8” threaded rod to fit into three (3) respective holes. I use 3/8” threaded rod in the ½” slot in order to allow room for the epoxy around the threaded rod. \|Getting ready to route the slots.\| The final step before mixing up the epoxy is to cut shims. The shims are used to hold the threaded rod up off the bottom of the groove and roughly center it to allow the epoxy to completely surround it. For shims I uses standard composite builders shims, such as you would use for a window or door installation. I cut about ½” of off the bottom at the narrowest point. Then I take that ½” x about 1” piece and cut it into roughly ½” x ½” squares. I do this by eye. The exact fit isn’t critical. The point is to raise up the threaded rod so that its high enough for epoxy to fit below it while sitting low enough for epoxy above. With the slots, threated rod and shims ready it was time for the epoxy. I used Gorilla Epoxy. Mixing entire sets of epoxy at once, it was important to move fast, before the 5 minute epoxy set. For added flair, you can add dye (such as India Ink or Trans Tint) to color the epoxy for a matching or contrasting effect. \|Ready for the epoxy and threaded rod.\| As soon as the epoxy was mixed in a plastic cup, I dropped in shims, evenly spacing three (3) per slot. Then I poured in the epoxy. For this first pour I was looking to fill the slot about 1/3 of the way with epoxy. Once the bottom of the slot was filled, I dropped in the threaded rod and using a scrap of shim, pressed the threaded rod down into the slot until it rested on the shims. Then I poured me epoxy over the threaded rod. I didn’t always, but you should be careful to crown the epoxy. If it’s crowned, you can always sand it back to a smooth, flush surface. If it’s left shy of the surface, when you sand it will still be low and won’t look as clean. \|Filled with epoxy and threaded rod.\| It is important to work one slot at a time because of the epoxy pot life. If you fill the bottom of each slot before dropping in the rod and topping them off, the epoxy will set before you have a chance to finish the slot. \|Sanded clean and flush.\| Once the three (3) slots were reinforced, I let it set overnight before continuing with the sanding and smoothing of the bottom surface. Don't forget about the +Modern Woodworkers Association Podcast. We talk woodworking with Guests from around the world of woodworking every other week. Subscribe to the RSS feed or iTunes today.	51,019
Joe Flynn (November 8, 1924 – July 19, 1974) was an American character actor best known for his participation in the 1960s TV sitcom, McHale's Navy. He was also a frequent guest star on 1960s shows such as Batman and appeared in several Walt Disney film comedies. Later in his career, Flynn worked as a voice actor for Disney animated features. He was born to a physician in Youngstown, Ohio. Flynn graduated from Youngstown's Rayen School, attended the University of Notre Dame for one year, and spent three years in the Army Medical Corps before moving west, in 1946, to pursue acting and complete his education. He majored in political science at the University of Southern California. Flynn's interest in theater was evident well before his departure from northeastern Ohio. He established himself early on as a radio deejay and ventriloquist. Flynn also gained local celebrity as a director by guiding the Canfield (Ohio) Players in such productions as Harvey, Antigone, and Pursuit of Happiness. He broke into television in pre-network days and, in 1948, starred in his own situation comedy, Yer Old Buddy. After appearing in a number of stage plays, Flynn returned to Youngstown, where in 1950, he conducted an unsuccessful campaign for a seat in the Ohio Senate as a Republican. Following his electoral defeat, he pursued his acting career and appeared in nearly 30 films, including many Disney films. Flynn would later recall watching an audience's reaction to his performance in the 1956 film Indestructible Man. Although he played a serious part in the horror film, people laughed, which convinced him that comedy was his forte. Over the years, he achieved recognition in the television field, earning credits as a regular on The Life of Riley and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. In 1961, he was one of the regulars on the first season of The Joey Bishop Show, but left early on, reportedly because he was stealing too many scenes from Bishop. That same year, he guest starred on the Peggy Cass and Jack Weston series The Hathaways, an unusual sitcom about a suburban Los Angeles couple that adopts three chimpanzees. He appeared, too, in Edmond O'Brien's syndicated 1960 crime drama, Johnny Midnight. From 1962-1966, Flynn played the irascible Captain Wallace "Wally" Burton Binghamton (also known as "Old Leadbottom") on McHale's Navy, in which he became well known for his exasperated catch phrases "What is it, What, WHAT, WHAT!?" and "I could just scream!" He also starred in two theatrical films spun off from the series. In the 1963 comedy Son of Flubber, Flynn had a cameo as a TV announcer; ironically Flynn would later star in the sequels of the Flubber series as Medfield College's "Dean Higgins" in a trio of Disney Studio films, The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes, Now You See Him, Now You Don't and The Strongest Man in the World, his final live-action film. Flynn also starred in The Love Bug, The Barefoot Executive, and with Don Knotts in How to Frame a Figg, and in 1973 The Girl Most Likely to... a made for TV movie. Later career and death In the early 1970s, Flynn spearheaded a movement on behalf of the Screen Actors Guild for more equitable distribution of TV residual payments. Flynn appeared on Match Game '74, in what had to be one of his final television appearances. Flynn appeared on a week's worth of shows in 1974. Shortly after completing voiceover work for The Rescuers (released in 1977), Flynn was discovered by family members in the swimming pool of his Beverly Hills home, the victim of an apparent drowning accident. Although some celebrity friends expressed concern about the circumstances surrounding Flynn's death, authorities found no evidence of foul play. Some believe Flynn suffered a heart attack while swimming. He is interred in Culver City's Holy Cross Cemetery. Roots in northern Ohio Throughout his life, Joe Flynn retained a strong connection to his hometown; and from 1969 to the year of his death, he was involved in northeastern Ohio's Kenley Players. He would often return to Youngstown to visit family residing on Elm Street, on the city's north side. In recognition of his contributions to the broadcasting field, Flynn became the ninth recipient of the Ohio Association of Broadcasters Award. 1.^ "Joe Flynn Obituary". ObituariesToday.com. http://www.obituariestoday.com/Obituaries/ObitShow.cfm?Obituary_ID=30343. Retrieved 2007-04-02. 2.^ "Actor Flynn Drowns in Pool; Youngstown Native Was TV Comedian". The Youngstown Vindicator: p. 1. July 20, 1974.	89,293
Yang Jilin stands in front of a modern machine on the third floor of the village office and types his name to check if the government subsidies have been allocated. "In the past, we did not know when and how much subsidies were given out," said Yang, 53. "But now with the data machine, everything is clear." Yang is a resident of Shanbao village, Tongzi county. The village is tucked away in the boundless mountains of southwest China's Guizhou Province, a place known for its grinding poverty. The government has allocated poverty-relief subsidies to cash-strapped villagers, as the country plans to lift 10 million people out of poverty each year from 2016 to 2020 to become a "moderately prosperous society." To make sure the subsidies are properly distributed instead of being eaten by corrupt officials, the disciplinary commission of Tongzi introduced a data supervising platform last year, which includes details of public policies and subsidies, as well as a monitoring system, a warning system regarding government funds, and a feedback system handling public complaints. The platform gives terminals all villages in the county, like the one in Yang uses. "With the platform, I can see my subsidies anytime I want," Yang said. China is encouraging the development of big data, with the country's first big data engineering laboratory launched in Guizhou Province last week to help improve government management efficiency. Guizhou is the country's first pilot zone for big data. The technology is being widely applied in government management, business and daily life. "Big data really helps make poverty-relief more precise and efficient," said Zhou Xing, an agriculture expert with the poverty-relief office of Guizhou Province. Guizhou started using big data for precise poverty-relief in 2015, when a cloud computing platform was developed, which tracks and manages the financial status of more than 6 million poor residents across 9,000 villages. It also tracks 1.23 million residents lifted from poverty since the end of 2014. "Before the introduction of big data, poverty relief work was difficult because the information of residents was written by hand and passed to central authorities via a series of local officials, which could be hampered by corruption," said Zhou Xing. "The hand-writing process was also very time-consuming." With big data, everything is stored in an electronic system and can be accessed quickly, a much easier process. Besides, a supervising team checks the data in random villages to prevent corruption. In the provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan, as well as Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, big data plays an increasingly important role. In 2016, for example, a big data system in Hubei caught officials embezzling public funds. The authorities confiscated 2.3 million yuan (335,600 U.S. dollars). "Tight supervision is needed to make sure poverty relief work is conducted properly," said an official of the Hubei provincial disciplinary watchdog.	253,257
1. drift off track 越轨；不守本分 2. drive someone up the wall 把人逼得走投无路 3. drool over something 迷恋某人或某事 4. a drug on the market 卖不出去的东西 5. a dumb bunny 马大哈，傻瓜 6. dump on… 对……吹毛求疵 7. Dutch courage 酒后之勇 8. Dutch treat 各付各的钱 9. an eager beaver 积极肯干的人 10. the eagers 迫切的心情，热心过度 1. be upset 心烦意乱 2. What’s eating you? 你有什么烦心事吗？ 3. get on someone’s nerves 是某人心烦意乱 4. be as meek as a lamb 很乖，很温顺 5. be in bad company 跟坏人在一起 6. be off the beams 做错事，闪失；步入歧途 7. fool around 鬼混 8. dropouts 辍学者 9. hang together 结合在一起 10. one’s hangout 某人常去的地方 11. keep tabs on… 监视…… 12. be spent 筋疲力尽 13. keep tracks of… 跟踪…… 14. misconduct 不轨的行为 15. fall for 爱上…… 16. be up to no good 不会干什么好事 17. be busy with… 忙于…… 18. play hookey 逃学 19. keep close watch on… 密切注视…… 20. clue to… ……的线索 21. not abnormal 并非不正常 22. be crazy about… 酷爱…… 23. be down the hill 走下坡路 24. a false alarm 虚惊一场 25. get the goods on… 抓到……的把柄 26. none of one’s business 不关某人的事 27. mend one’s own business 不要管他人的闲事 28. jump down someone’s throat 让某人受不了 29. put up with… 容忍 30. a peacemaker 和事老 31. give someone a free hand 让某人自由行事 32. keep nothing from… 对……不隐瞒任何事 33. have had one too many 喝多了 34. have hollow legs 海量 35. be drunk under the table 被灌醉 36. egg someone on 怂恿某人 37. clip joints 高消费的餐厅 38. pocket money 零花钱 39. according to… 根据…… 40. can’t afford 花不起钱 41. foot the bill 付款 42. pull one’s weight 工作卖力气 43. born losers 废物 44. halfwits 愚蠢的人 45. bell the cat 为别人的利益冒险 46. think of… 想出个…… 47. stop someone from… 阻止某人干…… 48. be at one’s wits’ end 无计可施 49. rack one’s brains 绞尽脑汁 50. abandon oneself to despair 自暴自弃 51. calm down 冷静下来 52. be worried stiff 烦得要命 53. take things easy 不要太认真 A: You seem to be upset（心烦意乱）. What’s eating you（你有什么心烦的事吗？）? B: It’s because of my son. Dick keeps getting on my nerves（使我心烦意乱）. A: Dick? How come? He used to be as meek as a lamb（很乖）. B: Yes, he used to be. But now he’s drifting off traffic. A: He must have been in bad company（跟坏人在一起）, or he wouldn’t be off the beams（做错事，步入歧途）. B: He’s been fooling around（鬼混）with a gang of dropouts（辍学者）. They hang together（结合在一起）. A: Do you know their hangout（常去的地方）? B: I’ve been trying to keep tabs on（监视）them, but I’m spent（筋疲力尽）and can’t keep tracks of（跟踪）them. He’s really driving me up the wall. A: You need someone else to help to stop him. You can’t see him go on like that. B: I’ve asked some of my friends to have a talk with him, but none seemed to be able to do anything about his misconduct（不轨行为）. A: You must find out what he’s been drooling over before you can sort things out. B: There’s no way for me to know what he fell for（爱上）, but I’m sure he’s up to no good（不会干什么好事）. A: Does he still go to school? B: He says he is busy with（忙于）his studies, but his teacher complains that he often plays hookey（逃学）. A: Maybe you can keep close watch on（密切注视）the things he often buys. That may give you some clue to（线索）what he’s been doing behind you. B: He seldom takes things home. He may occasionally bring back one or two items, like a fashion magazine, usually a drug on the market for adults（成年人）. A: That may be enough to give you some clue for your future chase（跟踪）. B: That’s not abnormal（并非不正常）for a youngster, Young people all seem to be crazy about（酷爱）that. A: What exactly has he been worrying you? If you don’t know what he has done wrong, why should you be so troubled（感到心烦）? B: His school marks are down the hill（走下坡路）, and he comes time he comes back home. I have a hunch that he’s doing something sinful（罪恶的）. A: He’s not a dumb bunny. I think it may be a false alarm（虚惊一场）to you. He knows what he is doing and where he is going, I suppose. If you haven’t got the goods on（抓到他的把柄）him, you don’t need to dump on（吹毛求疵） him. You will only make the matter worse. B: I trust my feelings. And when I asked him what he was doing, he was very rude and told me that was none of my business（不关我的事）. He even asked me to mend my own business（不要管闲事）. He jumped down my throat（让我受不了）. I can’t put up（容不得）with that. A: What does his dad say? B: John is a peacemaker（和事老）. He simply doesn’t bother. He says he should give him a free hand（让他自由行事）. A: One thing I have been wondering if I could ask. B: Sure. I keep nothing from（对你不隐瞒任何事）you. A: Does he drink a lot? B: Yes, he does. He often has had one too many（喝多了）. But when I advised him not to drink too much, he just boasted that he had hollow legs（海量）and nobody had ever drunk him under the table（灌醉）. A: That’s a problem. He has sort of Dutch courage and that will egg him on（怂恿）in doing anything. Drunken people are afraid of nothing. B: Yeah. I know that they are hanging around in clip joints（高消费的餐厅）, eating, drinking and that sort of thing. A: Who pays for that? Where does his money come? You don’t give him a lot of pocket money（零花钱）, do you? B: No. We give according to（根据）his normal needs. He can’t afford（花不起钱）to eat out like that. A: Their eating is often the sort of Dutch treat. Each pays one’s own food. B: But my son says someone else foots the bill（付款）for him. I can’t believe that. A: That might be true. You see, Mark is an eager beaver（积极肯干的人）. He always pulls his weight（工作卖力气）in whatever he does. He deserves a free treat. B: What can he do for the dropouts? They are all born losers（废物）and halfwits（愚蠢的人）. A: We never know. Maybe they need an eager beaver like Mark. B: I’m afraid that he is to bell the cat for（为别人的利益冒险）these guys. That’s a dangerous business. A: I think we must think of（想出个）a better idea to stop him from（阻止他干）drinking too much. B: I’m at my wits’ end（无计可施）. I was racking my brains（绞尽脑汁）and I saw no hope in him. A: Don’t abandon yourself to despair（自暴自弃）. I know the eagers（迫切的心情，热心的过度） in you. But you must calm down（冷静下来）and think of some practical measures. B: I know I’m pressing things too hard, but I’m worried stiff（烦得要命）about his life. A: Mothers are all the same under heaven（天下）. But you’ll have to take things easy（不要过分认真）.	1,645
Need Something Spooky to Read Before Halloween? Gothic Horror Will Put You in a Chilling Mood If you're looking for ways to prepare for Halloween, check out five of our favorite chilling and thrilling gothic horror novels to read! Throughout October, book lovers who wouldn't normally venture into the realm of horror begin to crave a little extra spookiness in their reading material. After all, Halloween is on the way. Gothic fiction (sometimes known as gothic horror) has been around since the 1700s and often blends themes of wonder, morbidity, terror, and romance. Elements common in gothic horror novels include ruined or decrepit houses or castles, damsels in distress, ghosts, predatory male characters, supernatural or psychological fears, and journeys at night. If any of these sound like something you're interested in, here are five of our favorite gothic horror books. 'Beloved' by Toni Morrison Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Beloved tells the story of a formerly enslaved family whose Cincinnati home is haunted by a malevolent ghost. The story is set after the Civil War and was inspired by the real-life account of Margaret Garner. Themes in this book include motherhood and mother-daughter relationships, the psychological effects of slavery, pain, and familial relationships. 'Dracula' by Bram Stoker A staple of gothic literature, Dracula follows solicitor Jonathan Harker to Transylvania to act as an estate agent for the reclusive Count Dracula, who wishes to move to London. However, after Jonathan is taken prisoner by the Count, he begins to realize his host is a vampire. With the help of his wife, Mina Murray, and vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing, a hunt ensues to be rid of the monster in the castle. Themes include gender and sexuality and plenty of horrors. 'Mexican Gothic' by Silvia Moreno-Garcia A more recent addition to the gothic literature list, Mexican Gothic follows socialite Noemí Taboada on a mission to rescue her newlywed cousin after receiving a letter from her begging for help. Noemí travels to a manor in the Mexican countryside known as High Place, where her cousin and her English husband reside. Noemí is quickly absorbed into a world of violence, madness, and doom, but will she save her cousin — and herself — in time? Themes include decay, rebirth, sacrifice, gender roles, and racism. 'The Death of Jane Lawrence' by Caitlin Starling Another new gothic horror novel, The Death of Jane Lawrence, was pitched as a work inspired by the film Crimson Peak. Jane Shoringfield proposes a marriage of convenience to a reclusive doctor, Augustine Lawrence, who agrees on one condition: She must never visit Lindridge Hall, his crumbling family manor. Yet, after an accident, she gets stranded at Lindridge Hall, and she discovers her husband isn't quite who he was before. Themes of psychological horror, mystery, fear, macabre, and terror are all prevalent in this book. 'We Have Always Lived in the Castle' by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson is arguably one of the queens of gothic literature, and her novel We Have Always Lived in the Castle lives up to this reputation. Mary-Katherine "Merricat" Blackwood and her older sister Constance are orphaned after an accident poisons their whole family. The sisters, along with their aging uncle, must learn to survive in a hostile town. Themes of familial relationships, sisterhood, gender roles, isolation, guilt, and punishment are all present in this novel.	62,973
\|"Behold the handmaid of the Lord. Be it done unto me according to thy word." - Luke 1:38\| Spread the Word All You Who Hope ... and not by sight This Cross I Embrace Tucked Beneath His Wing The Apostolate of Hannah's Tears Infertility in ScriptureHannah's prayers are answered with a son whom she gives to the Lord 1 Samuel 1: 1 There was a certain man from Rama-thaim, Elkanah by name, a Zuphite from the hill country of Ephraim. He was the son of Jeroham, son of Elihu, son of Tohu, son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. 2 He had two wives, one named Hannah, the other Peninnah; Peninnah had children, but Hannah was childless. 3 This man regularly went on pilgrimage from his city to worship the LORD of hosts and to sacrifice to him at Shiloh, where the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were ministering as priests of the LORD. 4 When the day came for Elkanah to offer sacrifice, he used to give a portion each to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters, 5 but a double portion to Hannah because he loved her, though the LORD had made her barren. 6 Her rival, to upset her, turned it into a constant reproach to her that the LORD had left her barren. 7 This went on year after year; each time they made their pilgrimage to the sanctuary of the LORD, Peninnah would approach her, and Hannah would weep and refuse to eat. 8 Her husband Elkanah used to ask her: "Hannah, why do you weep, and why do you refuse to eat? Why do you grieve? Am I not more to you than ten sons?" 9 Hannah rose after one such meal at Shiloh, and presented herself before the LORD; at the time, Eli the priest was sitting on a chair near the doorpost of the LORD'S temple. 10 In her bitterness she prayed to the LORD, weeping copiously, 11 and she made a vow, promising: "O LORD of hosts, if you look with pity on the misery of your handmaid, if you remember me and do not forget me, if you give your handmaid a male child, I will give him to the LORD for as long as he lives; neither wine nor liquor shall he drink, and no razor shall ever touch his head." 12 As she remained long at prayer before the LORD, Eli watched her mouth, 13 for Hannah was praying silently; though her lips were moving, her voice could not be heard. Eli, thinking her drunk, 14 said to her, "How long will you make a drunken show of yourself? Sober up from your wine!" 15 "It isn't that, my lord," Hannah answered. "I am an unhappy woman. I have had neither wine nor liquor; I was only pouring out my troubles to the LORD. 16 Do not think your handmaid a ne'er-do-well; my prayer has been prompted by my deep sorrow and misery." 17 Eli said, "Go in peace, and may the God of Israel grant you what you have asked of him." 18 She replied, "Think kindly of your maidservant," and left. She went to her quarters, ate and drank with her husband, and no longer appeared downcast. 19 Early the next morning they worshiped before the LORD, and then returned to their home in Ramah. When Elkanah had relations with his wife Hannah, the LORD remembered her. 20 She conceived, and at the end of her term bore a son whom she called Samuel, since she had asked the LORD for him. 21 The next time her husband Elkanah was going up with the rest of his household to offer the customary sacrifice to the LORD and to fulfill his vows, 22 Hannah did not go, explaining to her husband, "Once the child is weaned, I will take him to appear before the LORD and to remain there forever; I will offer him as a perpetual nazirite." 23 Her husband Elkanah answered her: "Do what you think best; wait until you have weaned him. Only, may the LORD bring your resolve to fulfillment!" And so she remained at home and nursed her son until she had weaned him. 24 Once he was weaned, she brought him up with her, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine, and presented him at the temple of the LORD in Shiloh. 25 After the boy's father had sacrificed the young bull, Hannah, his mother, approached Eli 26 and said: "Pardon, my lord! As you live my lord, I am the woman who stood near you here, praying to the LORD. 27 I prayed for this child, and the LORD granted my request. 28 Now I, in turn, give him to the LORD; as long as he lives, he shall be dedicated to the LORD." She left him there; Elizabeth, barren and advanced in years, will bear a son Luke 1: 5 In the days of Herod, King of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah; his wife was from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. 6 Both were righteous in the eyes of God, observing all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly. 7 But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren and both were advanced in years. 8 Once when he was serving as priest in his division's turn before God, 9 according to the practice of the priestly service, he was chosen by lot to enter the sanctuary of the Lord to burn incense. 10 Then, when the whole assembly of the people was praying outside at the hour of the incense offering, 11 the angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right of the altar of incense. 12 Zechariah was troubled by what he saw, and fear came upon him. 13 But the angel said to him, "Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you shall name him John. 14 And you will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth, 15 for he will be great in the sight of (the) Lord. He will drink neither wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the holy Spirit even from his mother's womb, 16 and he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah to turn the hearts of fathers toward children and the disobedient to the understanding of the righteous, to prepare a people fit for the Lord." Manoah's wife though barren conceives and bears a son who will deliver Israel from the Philistines Judges 13: 2 There was a certain man from Zorah, of the clan of the Danites, whose name was Manoah. His wife was barren and had borne no children. 3 An angel of the LORD appeared to the woman and said to her, "Though you are barren and have had no children, yet you will conceive and bear a son. 4 Now, then, be careful to take no wine or strong drink and to eat nothing unclean. 5 As for the son you will conceive and bear, no razor shall touch his head, for this boy is to be consecrated to God from the womb. It is he who will begin the deliverance of Israel from the power of the Philistines." Abraham and Sarah are promised a son whom God will maintain His covenant Genesis 17: 16 I will bless her, and I will give you a son by her. Him also will I bless; he shall give rise to nations, and rulers of peoples shall issue from him." 17 Abraham prostrated himself and laughed as he said to himself, "Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Or can Sarah give birth at ninety?" 19 God replied: "Nevertheless, your wife Sarah is to bear you a son, and you shall call him Isaac. I will maintain my covenant with him as an everlasting pact, to be his God and the God of his descendants after him. 21 But my covenant I will maintain with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you by this time next year." The above passages were taken from the New American Bible.	204,407
Micro- and nanostructured poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] brushes grown from photopatterned halogen initiators by atom transfer radical polymerization. Photolithographic techniques have been used to fabricate polymer brush micro- and nanostructures. On exposure to UV light with a wavelength of 244 nm, halogens were selectively removed from films of chloromethylphenyltrichlorosilane and 3-(2-bromoisobutyramido)propyl-triethoxysilane on silicon dioxide. Patterning was achieved at the micrometer scale, by using a mask in conjunction with the incident laser beam, and at the nanometer scale, by utilizing interferometric lithography (IL). Friction force microscopy images of patterned surfaces exhibited frictional contrast due to removal of the halogen but no topographical contrast. In both cases the halogenated surface was used as an initiator for surface atom-transfer radical polymerization. Patterning of the surface by UV lithography enabled the definition of patterns of initiator from which micro- and nanostructured poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] bottle brushes were grown. Micropatterned brushes formed on both surfaces exhibited excellent resistance to protein adsorption, enabling the formation of protein patterns. Using IL, brush structures were formed that covered macroscopic areas (approximately 0.5 cm2) but exhibited a full width at half maximum height as small as 78 nm, with a period of 225 nm. Spatially selective photolytic removal of halogens that are immobilized on a surface thus appears to be a simple, rapid, and versatile method for the formation of micro- and nanostructured polymer brushes and for the control of protein adsorption. Ahmad, SA; Leggett, GJ; Hucknall, A; Chilkoti, A Volume / Issue Start / End Page International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	80,816
Elementary students score high at state science olympiad Kedron takes third Elementary scientists proved they have what it takes to solve scientific problems at the 2010 Elementary State Science Olympiad held recently at Kennesaw State University. Fayette had six school teams competing against 60 others from throughout the state. Kedron Elementary finished in the top three, taking third place overall. “I am very proud of our students. They worked hard for this victory; it is an honor for our school to be ranked in the top three in the entire state,” said Kedron Principal Mary Margaret Bivings. Both Oak Grove and Peeples finished in the top 10, taking sixth and eighth place, respectively. Rounding out the top 20 were Crabapple Lane and Braelinn with 14th and 15th place wins, respectively. Huddleston finished 21st out of 66 teams. The schools swept “Rock Hounds” in the individual events with Kedron taking first place, Huddleston second and Oak Grove third. Other individual event wins include: “Water Rockets” – Kedron, first and Braelinn, second; “Which Way” – Peeples, first; “Simple Machines” – Peeples, third; “Name Scientist” – Kedron, third; “My Architecture” – Oak Grove, third; “Disease Detectives” – Crabapple Lane, third; Bridge Building” – Oak Grove, third; and “Barge Building” – Peeples, third. Elementary Science Olympiad is an inquiry-based, hands-on program that covers earth, life, and physical science topics. It also incorporates both engineering and technological principals in a meaningful and relevant manner. Additionally, Science Olympiad provides students with a variety of highly engaging activities that naturally generate interest, enthusiasm and passion for scientific exploration.	236,038
The centre-left government of Slovenian Prime Minister Borut Pahor fell Tuesday after a no-confidence vote in parliament, paving the way for early elections in the small eurozone country. AP - Slovenia’s left-leaning government has been ousted in a confidence vote in parliament. The ouster pushes the small eurozone nation into further political instability during Europe’s debt crisis. Prime Minister Borut Pahor’s government faced the motion after months of disagreements between ruling coalition partners and several resignations of Cabinet ministers. The opposition has accused the government of corruption and mishandling of the economy. The vote Tuesday in the 90-seat assembly was 51 against the government and 36 for. Other lawmakers abstained or were absent. The political deadlock could jeopardize Slovenia’s contribution to the European rescue fund for other debt-strapped eurozone nations. Date created : 2011-09-20	204,936
What do rising interest rates and central bank liquidity mean to the average Joe? I ask this question because I am an average Joe, but I have a mind that is not distracted by the things that are meant to distract me. Enough of the same thing and you can recognize a pattern. Social media, substance-altering agents, video games, television, and instant gratification keep the mind entertained, but not educated. Education has many forms, and many of our leaders would like you to think that today’s world is normal. Anyone who studies economics knows this is far from normal. Educated people know that the general price level is approaching a crescendo as interest rates rise on a debt load not seen in the history of the world. How much farther can prices go before people cannot eat anymore? I am constantly looking for signs around me. Listening to my fellow co-workers at a Fortune 500 company talk about out how expensive even the most basic of goods are, is interesting. If high-priced engineers and finance professionals are thinking this way, I can’t imagine many others in this economy? This asset price-fueled rally is going to see the punch bowl removed sooner than later in terms of central bank liquidity and asset disinflation. Even Bank of America released a report that shows the end of the central bank liquidity extravaganza. Central bank asset purchases will drop from $4 trillion in 2016 and 2017 to $0.4 trillion in 2018. The FED usually hikes until something breaks, as has happened many times before. Where is the line in the sand before the FED has to reverse course and cut? The last several weeks it seemingly is around the 3-3.10 % level in the 10-year bond but may be as high as 4%. If blockchain is the revolution, how long can they keep this system alive before it eats us all alive or we kill each other? After all, economics is the allocation of resources. Most wars are usually over resources and we have a resource problem on this planet. Some perspective as to how absurd we have gotten is to look at the Dow Jones e-commerce index. This index (with AMZN, GOOG, NFLX, and FB) has gone up by 617%. The entire U.S. tech market capitalization of $6 trillion is higher than all the companies in the Eurozone ($5 trillion). Additionally, Facebook, with 25,000 employees, has a market cap greater than the MSCI of India. The MSCI index of India is designed to measure the performance of the large and mid-cap segments of the Indian market. It holds 79 constituents and covers 85% of the Indian equity market. In 2008, the index crashed 53%, and in 2009, it recovered 94%, which makes sense with central bank liquidity. Everything went up after 2008. If the system doesn’t blow up for another year, this would be the longest U.S. expansion since the Civil War. Average Joes will see this expansion of credit collapse, and the assets they thought would never go down will correct to fair-market value once again. Fair market value could correct to levels that haven’t been seen in a decade.	99,311
- Education and Science» Agriculture as the Greatest Advancement in Human Civilisation: Some Critical Landmarks in the Quest of Food Security Agriculture has shaped the human civilisations in many ways. In ancient times it provided for almost all forms of human wants. Now it provides us food and a wide network of support system for industrial development through raw materials and other resources. Although, it has lost its due attention for the diversion of focus on various other things, still it occupies a central space in terms of provisions for the most vital part of our life requirements; i.e. food. Historical accounts show that agriculture (growing one’s own food became a practice in the 9th millennium before Christ. Although, probably animal husbandry started much earlier, tilling for food evolved at some points in time around 9000 before Christ. What follows is a chronological account of major advances in the field of agriculture in the history of human civilisations. It all began with domestication of animals It might have happened like this. Human beings living a life of hunter gatherers might have started domesticating animals like dogs to help them chasing their prey and guard their caves at night against wild animals. But with growing population, increasing insecurity in terms of availability of catch and increased pressure on jungle where human beings habituated naturally along with other animals, they might have started domesticating other animals for meat and other purposes. With the concern for protecting their domestic animals from wild cats and to help them grow faster with availability of sufficient fodder and water, they might have moved near the banks of rivers. As per our chronology is concerned, all these might have happened before 10000 BC. It is believed that by 10000BC, people in Europe had started domesticating dogs as a necessary support to their nomadic life. Genetic and archaeological evidences through DNA testing of test of a dog’s remains of Palaeolithic age suggest that probably domestication of dogs was started around 33000 years ago. Dogs were kept as animals for service or beasts of burden, guard dogs and for food purposes. Some literature also suggests that domestication of a species of wolf (canes lupus) was the origin of domestication of dogs (Vila et.al; 1997). Some animals like horses, donkeys and camels etc. were used as mount animals or for transportation of goods (Falvey, 1985). Use of harvest animals might have started at a much later stage after people actually started farming. Take this Poll Is agriculture a viable career option today as it was in earlier days? The Beginning of Farming It is believed that farming started at some point between 11000 and 7000 BC in different parts of the world. While hunting animals might have led to domestication of animals for food; gathering grains, fruits and other plant based food items might have led to farming –probably from wild harvesting to crop husbandry. It is believed that farming was started first in the basins of river Nile in North Eastern Africa and Western Asia. Farming along with advances in animal husbandry actually changed the course of mankind in the Neolithic era and is popularly termed today as the “Neolithic Revolution”. Graeme Barker in his book “The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why did Foragers become Farmers?” give an interesting account of the driving forces behind ‘Neolithic Revolution’. For the first time in their existence, human beings experienced want may be called as a food surplus and learnt the techniques of propagation of plants and animals in the natural way through observing the dynamics of nature. By about 10000 BC, wheat and barley were being cultivated in Asia along with domestication of small food animals like sheep and goats. In the American continent, grain agriculture came at a much later stage; probably during 7000 BC and 3000 BC. However, there were mostly non-grain agriculture, primarily for the purpose of fodder for meat production and non-grain food types. By around 1000 BC, agricultural techniques and cropping patterns across the globe were almost harmonised and nations specialised in crops in which they enjoyed a natural advantage of production. Glossary of Terms Palaeolithic age: Pre Historic age Beast of Burden: Working animal or animals used as workers in different economic activities Neolithic Revolution: The agricultural revolution in neolithic age Vila C, Savolainen P, Maldonado JE, Amorim IR, Rice JE, et al. (1997) Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog" Science 276: 1687–1689. Falvey, John Lindsay (1985). Introduction to Working Animals. Melbourne, Australia: MPW Australia. Graeme Barker (25 March 2009). The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why did Foragers become Farmers?. Oxford University Press.	64,241
What's A Typical Day At K9Protector Well that's a good question and I have to say there is no such thing! At K9Protector we have dogs in training to become family protection dogs with an age range of 6 weeks to two and a half years. Each dog has it's own specific needs before we think of any protection dog training. Happy and health prospective protection dogs are ones that have a good quality diet, are mentally stimulated through exercise and play and have a clean warm environment to rest in. A young dog around six months of age clearly will have a different diet to a protection dog aged two years. The type of training at six months is very different to the level of training at two years of age. Building a protection dog for the family is a slow process. A little like building a wall you lay a couple of layers and let that go off and settle before building more. In the same way conditioned behaviour is built over a long period of time in a positive and rewarding way. Welfare is high on the listen with prevention is easier than cure so regular routines are followed to ensure a safe and clean training environment is kept. The facilities at K9Protector are second to none and therefore our protection dogs thrive. So whether it's full on threat work, welfare cleaning, obedience training, social walking, grooming dealing with clients or training staff not one day is the same which is one of the reasons I love my role at K9Protector	88,623
Hypertension is the single most important risk factor or worldwide mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. Evidence from a large number of prospective randomized controlled clinical trials supports the importance of optimal reduction of BP as a strategy to reduce global cardiovascular risk. Current national guidelines emphasize the importance of appropriate selection of specific drug classes to optimize reduction of the burden of target organ disease depending on the presence of major morbid conditions such as heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, high CAD risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or stroke. In the absence of such compelling indications for specific anti-hypertensive drug classes, diuretics are generally recommended as first line anti-hypertensive therapy or as additional therapy in patients on other anti-hypertensive drug classes who are not yet at goal. This recommendation is based on the conclusion that no other class of anti-hypertensive drugs has been shown in any randomized clinical outcome trials to be superior to diuretics in reducing cardiovascular risk. The intended result of this activity is increased knowledge. At the conclusion of this program, participants will be able to Recognize the importance of optimal reduction of BP in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Select appropriate pharmacological and life style modification strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in high risk hypertensive patients. Follow JNC 7 guidelines for managing hypertensive patients. Individuals who will benefit by participating in this CME enduring material include cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, physicians and others interested in clinical trials related to diagnosis and treatment of hypertention. Measuring Adherence to Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension Guidelines for Hypertension: Are Quality-Assurance Measures on Target? Evaluation / Feedback We value your comments; please send your suggestions and comments to the office of continuing medical education at the Texas Heart Institute. Texas Heart Institute is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Texas Heart Institute designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 Category 1 credits toward the AMA Physician’s Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in the activity. The estimated time to complete this activity, including review of the materials is 1 hours. Term of Approval January 2006 through January 2009. Original release date: January 30, 2006. In January 2005, this continuing medical education activity was reviewed by James J. Ferguson III, MD, FACC Associate Director, Clinical Cardiology Research, THI; Co-Chairman, Medical Education Committee, THI; Chairman, Research Committee, THI. Houston, TX. Disclosure of Relationships It is the intent of the Texas Heart Institute to assure that its educational mission and its continuing medical activities in particular, should not be influenced by the special interests of individuals associated with its program. In accordance with the guidelines of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, faculty members have disclosed all relationships with any of the manufacturers of commercial products discussed or with either one or more of the corporate organizations offering educational grants for this continuing medical education activity. Dr. Habib does not have any financial interest or other relationship with any of the manufacturer(s) of any commercial product(s) discussed in his presentation. Return to event home page.	329
Monday, April 3, 2023, was a cold and windy morning in the city of Sunnyvale, where city staff, local political leaders, and the press assembled in the shadow of Sunnyvale’s new City Hall to cut the ribbon on what is likely the nation’s first building to be both be certified LEED Platinum and achieve Net Zero Emissions. “This moment has been 8 years in the making, beginning in 2015. Listening to our community is what got us here today,” explained City Manager Kent Steffens. Mayor Larry Klein explained that construction broke ground in December 2020, taking just over two years, amid the Pandemic. “It’s like an elegant modern museum, with wood elements reclaimed from Redwood trees that were on-site.” The new City Hall stands at four stories, with 120,000 square feet of office space, next to the adjacent, single-level old City Hall. City services are moving into the new building, which still has some late construction kinks to work out. The new Council Chambers, with seating for 200 residents–twice the capacity of the old City Hall, remains unfinished due to some supply chain issues, but core city services, like the Construction Permit Center, are open for business. A public Grand Opening is scheduled to be held on September 23, which will mark the culmination of the first phase of Sunnyvale’s Civic Center Modernization project. Subsequent development of the Civic Center will involve the construction of a new two-story library and two-story Public Safety headquarters directly across the street from City Hall, along with new parkland and an amphitheater. Costing $245 million, the new City Hall Building is light and airy and features wooden accents and several pieces of hardwood furniture. The lobby of the building stretches the height of its four floors, centered around a wood-clad floating staircase and accessible by elevators. Each floor features distinct artwork and seating adjacent large windows which afford an ever-greater view across the city. The Libby’s Water Tower is visible from the fourth floor of the lobby. The building is designed to achieve a LEED Platinum certification, and the city will track energy to confirm Net Zero energy objectives, mainly through the rooftop installation of nearly 1,700 solar panels, which should provide 1.1 gigawatt-hours per year. Enough energy to power 100 homes, but not quite enough to power a Flux Capacitor. This is just as well, as the street in front of the new City Hall is designed as a pedestrian plaza, and it would be difficult and dangerous to pilot a DeLorean at sufficient speed to effect a time jump. The green building features half a dozen posts for bicycle parking, which were nearly all occupied, near the main entrance. 87 spaces are available for private vehicles underground, including 11 EV charging stalls. On February 7, Sunnyvale City Council moved to convert Murphy Street into a Pedestrian Mall and to extend the temporary lane closure on Tasman Drive until December 2024. The council also clarified the zoning rules to conditionally permit auto sales along El Camino Real. For African American History Month, Santa Clara County’s Poet Laureate, Tshaka Campbell, recited a poem, “Ally in Ten Octaves.” The final line resonated with your faithful reporter, given the task at hand: “10. We will hum the journey’s chorus to you on the way up, but you, my friend, must write in the words yourself.” For Public Comment, Margaret Lawson spoke on the nature of Fremont Avenue. The street is built like a six-lane highway with dead landscaping. Lawson advocated for rebuilding Fremont as a four-lane avenue with landscaping and protected bike lanes, citing nearby San Antonio Road in Los Altos as a model. Eric Crock spoke against a proposed dog park beneath the PG&E line between Lois and Ramona, citing the need for children to access unmanicured natural areas. Sharlene Liu, with Bike Sunnyvale, and Jonathan Blum advocated for a newly-proposed study issue on Active Transportation metrics. Angela Hickson and Eileen Lai advocated for safer transportation options for Fremont High School students. Lai, a Sunnyvale School District Board member, also advocated for a new K-8 school to be included in plans to redevelop Moffet Park. Steve Meier voiced concern over a recently dismissed lawsuit involving a stalking incident within Sunnyvale Public Safety. Permanent Closure of Murphy Avenue During the Pandemic, the 100 Block of South Murphy Ave was closed to through traffic. Staff explained that there was widespread support among the public and local merchants to keep Murphy St permanently closed and converted to a pedestrian mall. As a pedestrian mall, the street will require accessibility improvements. Staff recommended paying for those improvements from the city’s Community Benefits Fund, as many local merchants were still recovering from business lost during the Pandemic. Once modifications are complete, the cost of ongoing maintenance will run around $200 per month per business. Councilmember Mehlinger commented that when it comes around to covering maintenance costs, instead of charging a flat fee per business, the city could look at “leasing” specific portions of the street to business use, making the costs for merchants proportional to their benefit. Half a dozen residents and business owners spoke in support of the pedestrian mall. Resident Bryce Beagle asked that portions of the pedestrian mall be made available as a public amenity so folks could come and sit at a table and not feel obliged to purchase something. “Right now, there are only a couple uncomfortable metal benches hidden amongst the dining tables.” Beagle also highlighted the need for more and better bike parking. Leia Mehlman elaborated on the need for bike parking and seconded a comment to bring the Saturday Farmer’s Market back up Murphy, as it has been in the past. Council unanimously signed off on the pedestrian mall plan. This sets a public hearing for May 16. City staff will work on a project to regrade the vehicle parking bays for accessibility. Temporary Tasman Drive Closure Extended Tasman Drive is a four-lane road with light rail running down the center and lacking consistent sidewalks. Owing to resident advocacy, one Eastbound lane was closed to provide an ersatz sidewalk and protected bike lane in June 2020. The closure was extended in August 2021. Dennis Ng of Public Works explained that while traffic was increasing about 1% per month, it was still well below pre-Pandemic levels, with no delays in traffic or emergency vehicle response. The city is spending around $1,300 monthly to maintain the temporary barriers. A consultant will join city staff in March to study the installation of a permanent pedestrian and bicycle facility. Several residents of the Casa de Amigos mobile home park expressed how grateful they are for the temporary lane closure and their hope for a more permanent fix. It was noted that going Westbound, traffic can flow at 50 MPH around curves that limit visibility, which is terrifying for cyclists. In contrast, on the Eastbound side, with the temporary lane closure, motor vehicles travel at a lower speed, and people have room to travel safely. Casa de Amigos resident Harfijah Oliver explained that before the lane closure, “a lot of residents felt trapped, and we would only walk within our complex. It was not safe at all to walk to the grocery store on the corner of Fair Oaks and Tasman, and now we can. I am very grateful.” Oliver explained that she drives to work at peak times and has never had congestion concerns, either pre-Pandemic or since the lane closure. “My son goes to middle school; he uses the bike lane every single day. It has improved his mental health tremendously. Now, he loves to bicycle. He loves to be outdoors more. It also prepares him for the school day, which is really important for parents and families. It is also sending the right message with reducing Carbon footprint.” Councilmember Mehlinger moved to extend the lane closure until December 2024, pending the analysis of a permanent lane closure, and contingent on the roadway remaining un-congested and accessible for emergency vehicles. Mehlinger explained, “I mentioned that we were opening Murphy Avenue, not closing it. That comment applies here as well. What we are doing is we are opening a new route for cyclists and pedestrians that previously did not exist. Without this facility, there are no safe routes, on foot or on bicycle, heading southwest from the mobile home parks.” Mehlinger cited the Land Use and Transportation Element of Sunnyvale’s General Plan: “the order of consideration of transportation users shall be: 1) pedestrians, 2) non-automotive, e.g., bicycle, 3) mass transit vehicles, 4) delivery vehicles, 5) single-occupant vehicles.” The City Council agreed unanimously. Zoning for Car Sales on El Camino Real Council unanimously amended the zoning standards to clarify that auto sales could be allowed on El Camino Real with a conditional-use permit. Director of Community Development, Trudi Ryan, explained that due to a previous oversight while working on the El Camino Real Specific Plan, auto sales were not allowed. Ryan explained that there was an application pending for a mixed-use development that includes auto sales and that this modification would allow the city to consider allowing the applicant to continue selling automobiles as they add housing. Sunnyvale’s City Council met for nearly six hours on January 24 to hear public input on the city’s study issues, adjust the Housing Mitigation Fee, approve neighborhood grants, and sign off on the city’s Legislative Advocacy Positions. Corporation Yard Master Plan Before the Regular Meeting, Public Works presented a Study Session for a master plan to renovate the Corporation Yard (“Corp Yard”) on Commercial St. Several city departments use the yard for vehicle fleet maintenance and storage. Most buildings at the 8.72-acre site were built in the 1950s. The structures are sound, but the old buildings will need replacement as the city grows. The master plan, split into three phases, is projected to run near $100 million. This project is not yet funded, and the city will pursue various funding options once the Council approves. Councilmember Russ Melton noted that, during a site tour, he wondered whether the city could rehabilitate the existing structures. But the need for expensive seismic retrofits made a strong case for rebuilding the site. For Public comment, Kristel Wickham, Chair of the Sustainability Commission, cited the need to plan for additional electrical needs as the city’s large vehicle fleet electrifies. Former Councilmember Tara Martin-Milius emphasized that “Cutting GHGs now has a tremendous impact.” Board and Commission Recruitment Councilmember Alyssa Cisneros reminded the public that the city has several vacancies on our Boards and Commissions and invited residents to apply. The application deadline is Thursday, Feb. 16, 2023, at 4 p.m. Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Commission (1) Board of Library Trustees (2) Heritage Preservation Commission (1) Sustainability Commission (1) Rani Fischer of the Santa Clara Audubon Society gave a short presentation for Oral Communications on the hazards of excess night lighting. She sought to raise public awareness of safe night lighting practices and encourage the city to adopt a Dark Sky Ordinance. Anya Gajula, a Fremont High School student, spoke in support of a potential ballot measure to fund bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure and in favor of Bike Lanes on Hollenbeck. Said Gajula, “only 5% of Fremont students bike to school, compared to 15% at other schools. The area around Fremont High School is especially dangerous: cars regularly drive 50 miles per hour across seven lanes of traffic, and there are no protected bike lanes. Our Vision Zero Plan lists Sunnyvale-Saratoga as a high-priority project for protected bike lanes, but there has been no progress made due to a lack of funding.” Several members of the public spoke in favor of investigating an on-demand shuttle service to address the safe transportation needs of Sunnyvale students. Peggy Shen Brewster introduced Sunnyvale for Equity in Education (SEE), which is focused on the underserved transportation needs of Fremont High School students. Fellow SEE member Laurie Thomas explained that she sees students in Sunnyvale leaving the public school system in their high school years because Fremont can not reasonably be accessed by bicycling or public transportation. “We need a path for children to be able to get to Fremont High School, or we need a high school in North Sunnyvale.” Several residents spoke in favor of installing bike lanes on Hollenbeck and against adding a second right-turn lane from Fremont onto Bernardo, as a second turn lane would make the intersection–identified by Sunnyvale’s Vision Zero policy as a “high injury” intersection–even more dangerous. Many regarded their advocacy as especially necessary, as Public Works staff recommended against a bike lane on Bernardo due to the need to remove parking from one side of the street and because staff favor adding a double right-turn at Bernardo in order to facilitate increased car traffic. “Adding an extra lane for car traffic is only going to induce more car traffic, and we’re going to end up with a fatality,” explained resident Nick Brosnahan. Councilmember Murali Srinivasan proposed a study issue to implement a shuttle service for North Sunnyvale students to access Fremont Highschool, in addition to creating an app for residents to access city services. Councilmember Alyssa Cisneros introduced a study issue to prohibit right turns on red at Fremont and Bernardo and for improved homeless shelter services focused on the needs of families. Councilmember Richard Mehlinger proposed a ban on gas-powered leaf blowers and a budget allocation for a pilot program to contract a consulting firm to investigate the next three road collisions in Sunnyvale that result in death or serious injury. Councilmember Linda Sell proposed a “Bicycle and Walking Safety Metrics” study issue to better guide the city’s efforts at implementing Vision Zero, Safe Routes to Schools, and Active Transportation. Councilmember Russ Melton proposed a budget allocation to improve enforcement of the Short Term Rental ordinance, citing a recent shooting on Navarro. Each of these proposals received multiple co-sponsors. The City Council will prioritize and rank 2023 Study Issues at the Study Issues and Budget Proposals Workshop, to be held on February 16. Non-Residential Housing Mitigation Fee The Non-Residential Housing Mitigation Fee is charged on new office, R&D, retail, and lodging developments to support new affordable housing development. Given that new commercial development brings workers into Sunnyvale, the city has a greater need to ensure affordable access to housing. Stephanie Hagar of Bae Urban Economics presented a summary of the Nexus Study Issue to help the city adjust this fee based on economic factors. Based on the results of the Nexus study, citing economic circumstances, staff recommended increasing the Office/R&D fee but not increasing the fee for retail, lodging, or industrial uses. Councilmember Richard Mehlinger proposed slightly higher fees for Office/R&D than the staff recommendation in order to zero out retail fees. His motion was supported by Councilmember Omar Din, who explained that lowering the fee on retail would improve the economic feasibility of mixed-use housing development. Mayor Larry Klein explained that the retail fees are already relatively low, saying, “I don’t think that the fees are what’s keeping retail from expanding. And the majority of retail coming to the city is replacing existing retail, so they are paying none of these fees.” City Council unanimously approved the staff recommendation to increase the Office/R&D fee to $11 for the first 25,000 square feet and $22 per square foot over the first 25,000 square feet. Neighborhood Grant Program The city funds various community events and provides financial grants to neighborhood organizations to host events. The Community Events and Neighborhood Grant Program Subcommittee previously worked through the various funding proposals, and the City Council unanimously signed off on their recommendations. Priority Advocacy Issues and Long-term Legislative Advocacy Positions (LAPs) The city maintains an advocacy document that allows the mayor and city staff to advocate for policies at the state and federal levels on Sunnyvale’s behalf. Councilmember Richard Mehlinger expressed concerns about the advocacy document’s process and contents. “This document has substantially been on autopilot.” Mehlinger cited various strong positions the city has taken over the years, including positions on controlled substances and the use of non-lethal force and local control of housing policy, where public discourse has since shifted. “As an elected official, the most important thing you have is your name, and what you put your name to matters a lot, and that is not an authority that I’m willing to give up lightly.” Mehlinger concluded, “I think a Council subcommittee to review the content of these positions would be very helpful to help us make sure that what we have in here is something that the whole council feels very comfortable supporting.” Councilmember Linda Sell spoke in favor of the city’s ability to rapidly engage in advocacy. “I’ve seen how these letters work: a good environmental bill is out there, and then suddenly, all this opposition comes toward it. Supporters need to rapidly get city support. I do believe that these letters are very important, and being nimble is very important.” Sell explained that almost every year, Community Choice Energy comes under attack, and Sunnyvale is able to stand for it. Mayor Larry Klein and Vice Mayor Omar Din thought it was reasonable to omit the names of council members on advocacy letters, as not all council members necessarily took those positions. Din: “it makes sense to me that when these letters go out, they are going out on behalf of the city, not on the behalf of seven individuals here.” Councilmember Mehlinger proposed two amendments to the Policy document: first, to retain the city’s position on opposing Internet content filtering, pending further review, and second, to tweak the wording on the proposed 2023 Priority Advocacy issues to better reflect the need to balance between local control and expanded housing opportunities. The first amendment succeeded, whereas the second failed. In Sunnyvale, Vice Mayors serve one-year terms, elected by their peers on the City Council. Tuesday’s January 10 City Council meeting opened with outgoing Vice Mayor, Councilmember Alyssa Cisneros, praising the incoming Vice Mayor, Councilmember Omar Din. “I’ve known Omar for a very long time. He’s a fantastic public servant, very humble, extremely smart, and extremely dedicated. He’s ready for this challenge.” Mayor Klein thanked Cisneros for her service. Councilmember Cisneros recounted that, not long ago, when she was at Homestead High School, she had no idea who the Vice Mayor was and that in the past year, she would hear from folks that “you don’t look like a Vice Mayor.” Cisneros went on: “and now, this is what a Vice Mayor looks like. Rather than elevate an ego, I really felt that this humbled me. It’s about serving the City, knowing that you’re the first line of defense.” For Oral Communications, the City Council heard from residents Sharlene Liu and Mark Hlady on behalf of Bike Sunnyvale. Ms. Liu expressed concern about the progress toward Sunnyvale’s Vision Zero policy. She called for a permanent dedicated funding source and a ballot measure to fund bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure projects. Ms. Liu also called for the City to create a page on the City’s website to track progress toward Vision Zero. Mark Hlady elaborated on the web page request, citing Fremont’s Vision Zero page, which tracks the rate of harmful collisions over time. Mr. Hlady reminded the City Council that two of the best strategies to prevent severe injuries on our roads are to build separated bike lanes and to reduce vehicle speeds. The Council next considered a Specific Plan amendment to modify Block 20 of the Downtown Specific Plan (DSP), which sits on the East side of Mathilda Ave, between Olive Ave and El Camino Real. Some parcels were zoned residential, and others zoned commercial. Developers petitioned the City to adopt Mixed Use zoning, allowing more housing to be built on top of commercial services. While the City wants to allow for more housing to be built, there is a reluctance to up-zone too aggressively due to state housing density bonuses. Staff recommended changes to permit an increase in commercial zoning from 16,400 square feet to 36,500 square feet and a potential increase from 51 housing units to 103, with no explicit increase of the 40-foot height limit. Developers are allowed by the state to exceed these limits in exchange for additional units of affordable housing. Neighbors from the nearby single-family Heritage District expressed concern at the City’s inability to enforce firm height limits and at missing meeting notifications from the City. “The public is being played,” declared resident Ray Johnson in response to what he and other neighbors called “overbuilds” in the downtown area. Other residents expressed their support for increased housing. Jason Roberts pointed out, “the increase is on the order of 50 residents of our community. I would love for more people to be a part of our community.” Staff accounted for the notification policy’s complexities, which differ for legislative changes versus development projects, and are further complicated when efforts, such as Block 20, get continued from one meeting to another. Director of Community Development, Trudi Ryan, conceded: “I think that we haven’t been consistent on whether or not we notice nearby tenants and property owners. I own up to that.” Responding to questions from Councilmember Cisneros, Ms. Ryan gave an overview of available housing bonuses, from Sunnyvale’s modest Green Incentives program to state housing laws that allow up to 50% higher limits for a market rate project that has enough affordable units. Per state law, developers can request a concession or waiver of local regulations if they can not build a housing project within local limits. “There are not a lot of controls the city has when some of these waivers are requested,” explained Ms. Ryan. Ryan said that the City was proposing less than what the developers had requested to account for the developers’ likely application of density bonus laws. “When it’s a housing development, more recent state laws have taken away control from local agencies. So, I could not promise that they won’t build above the height limit or they won’t request a deviation from some other standard when housing is concerned. The City has a lot more control on the non-residential components.” Ryan explained a general strategy: “one of the tools we have is to not prepare our zoning codes to the maximum that we are comfortable with, but cutting that back some, which is what we did recently on El Camino Real. We built in that opportunity for density bonuses.” Councilmember Richard Mehlinger clarified with staff that if the City denied the proposed plan amendment, developers could still build beyond the City’s 40-foot height limit by leveraging density bonuses and that Mixed Use development would be off the table. Councilmember Russ Melton confirmed with staff that the state prohibits residential downzoning, so the City has no power to lower the height limit. Councilmember Linda Sell asked about notifications that would follow from the modified DSP. “Neighbors will receive a mailed notice of a public hearing, or, prior to that, to a community meeting,” for the individual development projects, answered Ryan. In support of the proposal, Councilmember Mehlinger explained: “This is a highly walkable neighborhood. It is well served by retail, by transit. It is within easy walking distance of Target, Whole Foods, and our downtown. This meets a serious community need for more housing.” Mehlinger addressed the state density bonus: “it is not something the developers get for free. To utilize the density bonus, developers must provide affordable units at restricted rents. These units are desperately needed in our community. Affordable units often have waiting lists 50 or 100 names long for a single unit. Every single one of those units means that someone who would probably be forced out of our community would be able to stay.” Councilmember Sell added her support: “I know it’s difficult to consider the heights, but for some in our community, it is more difficult to stay in a home.” The Specific Plan Amendment for Block 20 passed with 5 votes. Councilmember Murali Srinivasan opposed it, and Mayor Klein, who lives nearby, was recused. Jennifer Ng, Assistant Director of Public Works and City Engineer, presented a plan to renovate the grounds of the Sunnyvale Community Center on Remington Drive. The most visible change will be to reduce the size of the pond, to make room for picnicking, playgrounds, and an amphitheater. The fountain on the upper level will be rebuilt smaller to make room for a tree-covered plaza with more seating. The new grounds will also incorporate a series of walking paths and a new restroom. Community feedback revealed that the biggest complaint with the current Civic Center grounds was goose droppings. Staff explained that the geese were attracted by the short-cut grass with easy access to the pond. The new plan seeks to remove about 1/3 of the turf and most of the pond, making the grounds less desirable to our avian neighbors. Since seniors expressed that they enjoy looking out over the water when visiting the Senior Center, a smaller pond will be retained. Councilmembers Cisneros and Mehlinger asked if all turf adjacent to the pond could be removed to further deter the geese. Ng said that switching out some grass was possible but cautioned that “generations of geese have established themselves in this location. So despite all of our mitigation measures, we aren’t going to completely eliminate the geese from living here.” Director of Public Works Chip Taylor added: “if we do have some sort of pond or water body, I think we’re going to have some sort of waterfowl.” Councilmember Melton confirmed with staff that it was feasible to move the fountain sculptures safely. Councilmember Sell and members of the public asked whether more grass turf overall could be converted to native landscaping and mulch. Staff explained that landscape conversion has been limited to keep the capital expense of the renovation within the allotted budget and that public lawns are an amenity for residents in higher-density housing. Staff also explained that, due to historical reasons, water metering at the Community Center is not straightforward, making it difficult to assess the water use and potential savings of landscape conversion. Councilmembers requested that staff look into improved metering as part of the renovation project. Mayor Klein recommended designing walking paths into 1/3 mile segments, as that is a convenient measure for folks who track their exercise. (1/3 mile is 536 meters.) Resident Steve Scandalis echoed Mayor Klein’s suggestion: “.33 and .66 routes are very conducive to supporting an Orienteering course for the Scouts.” Resident Diane Bracken complained that Sunnyvale has 22 parks for children. “You’re taking away the only adult park. A normal park has a lot of noise because of children. This park has been used by seniors for reflection. And that is going away.” The preferred concept plan proposed by City Staff to renovate the Civic Center grounds was unanimously approved by the City Council. Answering to Nature Mayor Klein made a budget proposal to fund increased trimming for street trees over the next two years, to address a backlog in trimming. City Manager Kent Steffens reported that the city had thus far weathered the rain storms without property damage or injuries, but city staff has been busy responding to downed trees and minor street flooding. “We’ve given out more than 3,000 sandbags.” Council adjourned at 10:41pm. On January 3, in its first meeting of 2023, the Sunnyvale City Council met in a packed Council Chambers to honor the service of three outgoing Council Members and seat three incoming Council Members. Our new city council, the first to be entirely comprised of District Representatives with a mayor elected at large, is also the most diverse. Councilmembers Gustav Larsson, Glenn Hendricks, and Anthony (Tony) Spitaleri stepped down from the dais. Several local civic leaders took terms expressing their gratitude towards these Councilmembers for their service, including Hendrick’s service on the VTA board. Mayor Larry Klein gave a speech thanking each outgoing Council Member, starting with Gustav Larsson, for his nine years of service on the City Council and two years as Vice Mayor. Klein and Larsson got to know each other during their service on the Planning Commission. “He is the living example of what an Eagle Scout should do and should be. He is kind, well-spoken, and friendly to everyone he meets.” Councilmember Larsson explained that “people often overestimate what can be done in one year and underestimate what can be done in ten. There are so many things that we have been able to tackle, taking small steps, one after another. They really add up.” Larsson’s advice to the new Council: “at times, it might feel like you’re only taking small steps, but those small steps are important steps, and together, very quickly, they add up and make a tremendous difference in the community.” Mayor Klein next thanked Councilmember Hendricks for nine years of service, including three as mayor. Mayor Klein highlighted Hendricks’ tenure as mayor: “he signed the Paris Climate Accord and pushed forward environmental issues when the Federal government took a step back.” Klein also cited Hendricks’ service as VTA Board Chair during the mass shooting at the VTA Light Rail facility in 2021. “It was on his shoulders to comfort the grieving, pay tribute to those that had passed, respond to the media, and provide a guiding light in the storm. He tackled this with the courage of a Marine while also showing a tender and comforting side.” Hendricks chose to highlight three events from his service as mayor. “The day I was selected as Mayor, Sunnyvale joined Silicon Valley Clean Energy. The first legislation I signed is the number one thing that has been done in Santa Clara County to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Hendricks explained that outgoing mayor Jim Griffith had taken the lead on forming SVCE. “I tried to get him to sign it,” said Hendricks. Hendricks then shared two tragedies. The first was in 2017 when K9 Officer Jax was killed. “You don’t know what it is like to speak in front of 1,500 law enforcement people in uniform. There were about 125 K9 officers from other jurisdictions. Something I’ll always remember.” Councilmember Hendricks then returned to the 2021 VTA shooting. “An event that does not stop. We’re still working through what it means for an organization to try and recover.” Hendricks next advised the City Council to take a different approach to selecting its VTA Board representative. Instead of selecting a senior Councilmember, he advised that the Council choose a newly-elected member to serve on the VTA board, giving them opportunities to be re-elected to a longer tenure. “The biggest gift we can give to our VTA representative is time. Institutional knowledge makes a difference.” Last to be thanked for his service, Tony Spitaleri, who was appointed in February 2022 to fill a vacancy. Councilmember Spitaleri previously served eight years on the Council and four years as mayor. Spitaleri chose to highlight praise shared by Councilmembers Larsson and Hendricks for the city staff. “Our staff … everyone who makes this city run, makes it a better place to live in. They do it. We sit up here and create policies, all kinds of things we think the city should do. Once they get direction, they don’t stop, they hit the ground running, and they make this city what it is today.” Next, Mayor Klein welcomed the new Councilmembers: Linda Sell, for District 1; Murali Srinivasan, District 3; and Richard Mehlinger, District 5. Councilmember Linda Sell, Sunnyvale’s first female Asian American Councilmember, reiterated her longstanding commitment to a healthier environment, more resources for local schools, and bringing people together towards a better Sunnyvale. “My concerns continue about having a nice place for us and for the next generation … a sustainable planet, an environment for the next generation to live and thrive. I will work to make Sunnyvale more affordable, walkable, bikeable, transit-oriented, and towards a smooth transition to electric vehicles.” Councilmember Murali Srinivasan noted, “I have the unique honor of being certified winner twice in the same election.” This was a reference to an initial win by one vote. A recount next placed Srinivasan and his opponent at a tie, broken earlier in the day when the City Clerk drew his name from a hat. Srinivasan is the first Indian American Councilmember. “The election is the first step of Democracy. I will work to engage more citizens in policy development and planning. I look forward to working with all of you for a better, brighter, and sunnier Sunnyvale for all!” Councilmember Richard Mehlinger is the first openly queer man to serve on the Council. He praised the new system of District elections for delivering diversity. “But we are here to act for the entire city. We must always remember that this is the Sunnyvale City Council. To that end, we must be on guard against the development of ‘district prerogative.’ We are not Mayors of our Districts, and we should not seek to exercise Veto power over them.” Mehlinger continued: “we need to not be afraid of innovation. This is the heart of Silicon Valley. Let’s think about what we can do to make Sunnyvale more livable, where the cost of living is affordable, where you don’t need a car to do every errand, and where we are taking steps we need to combat Climate Change. Let’s make this a more ‘user-friendly’ city, where every interaction community members have with the city is as smooth as possible. Let’s keep our city a welcoming city, to make sure that no one here ever feels unsafe because of their race, creed, gender, because of who they love or how they live.” The honors concluded with a recess, allowing spectators to depart after the ceremonial portion of the meeting. The City Council next elected the Vice Mayor for the year. Incumbent Vice Mayor Alysa Cisneros nominated Councilmember Omar Din, who was elected unanimously. City Council made intergovernmental appointments. Council unanimously appointed resident Alex Bonne to the VTA Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee. The Council selected members to liaise with Sunnyvale’s various Boards and Commissions and to serve on the Subcommittees of Board & Commission Bylaws and Neighborhood Grant Distribution. Council unanimously re-appointed former Councilmember Gustav Larsson to the Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency (BAWSCA) Board of Directors. The Council selected various Councilmembers to serve at VTA, including Omar Din for the Board of Directors and Linda Sell for the Policy Advisory Committee. Further Intergovernmental Government appointments were made unanimously. Procedural concerns were resolved, including the meeting schedule for the year and the Council seating chart. Mayor Klein reported that SVCE rates will move from 1% lower than PG&E to 4% lower. As a result, Sunnyvale residents who have not opted out of SVCE will pay less than other PG&E ratepayers in exchange for 100% sustainably sourced electricity. Councilmember Mehlinger proposed two study issues: “Access Sunnyvale 2.0” to upgrade the city’s public-facing website, and “Vision Zero Redesign of Borregas Avenue” to improve the safety of Borregas between Maude and Caribbean. Both study issues earned multiple co-sponsors. I went to a call of a house fire. And obviously, my fire personnel were out there, but in addition to that, there were patrol officers driving marked patrol vehicles that had changed into fire turnouts, and they were helping to put out the fire also. So, after the fire was put out, one of my patrol officers came back to me and said, “Hey chief, I’m done here. I’m going to put back my police uniform and go back to answering police calls and service.” Chief Ngo believes that the Public Safety model helps build trust with the community because Sunnyvale Police are also Firefighters: they are seen as helpers. On the question of defunding: What happened to George Floyd, it should never have happened … I think all of us are condemning what happened. It was just a terrible tragedy for our country … in terms of you talking about defunding, meaning divesting resources to other services like mental health, I am open to listening to what people have to say. I’m open to the idea of sharing resources, changing some of the things that we’re currently doing in law enforcement. But when you talk about completely defunding or abolishing law enforcement, I don’t believe that is a practical idea. Although I would be more than happy to sit down and hear what people have to say to discuss what that would look like if police departments across the country are completely abolished. City of Sunnyvale boards and commissions advise the City Council and provide ongoing citizen input into policies and issues affecting the Sunnyvale community. Boards and commissions advise the Council on specific policy issues the Council has chosen to study and provide a forum and opportunity for broad community input on those issues. Board and commission members serve on a volunteer basis for a four-year term and are appointed by the City Council. General eligibility requirements include voter registration and Sunnyvale residency. Special requirements vary. Recruitment is underway for the following board and commission openings: Board of Building Code Appeals (2) Heritage Preservation Commission (1) Housing and Human Services Commission (1) Applications are due by 5 p.m. on Wednesday, November 20, 2019, to be scheduled for an interview with Council. For more information and to download an application, visit sunnyvale.ca.gov or call the Office of the City Clerk at (408) 730-7483 to request an application. Applications to serve on a City board or commission are accepted on a continuous basis; applications received after the deadline will be considered for future openings. Homeowners, renters and construction professionals can learn how to reduce the Carbon footprint of their homes and buildings by transitioning their energy use away from natural gas to clean electrical power. Hear from industry experts on ways to make your home cleaner, greener and safer Learn about rebates that help you save money Meet with manufacturer representatives and learn about technologies that can add value and comfort Chat with residents and experts about the benefits of shifting to electricity Two events are being held this month: Thursday, October 10 2:00 – 7:00 PM Mitchell Park Community Center 3700 Middlefield Road, Palo Alto Register Saturday, October 12 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM The Tech Interactive (formerly the Tech Museum) 201 South Market Street, San José Register Attendees must register to receive complimentary access to the Tech Interactive. Caltrain will host a community meeting to discuss the continued construction activities for the Caltrain Electrification project in Sunnyvale. In the coming months, crews will continue foundation installation and begin the installation of poles along the rail corridor in Sunnyvale. In addition, work continues on the Paralleling Station facility near the Sunnyvale Caltrain Station. The meeting will provide an opportunity for residents to learn more about the project, including the scope and schedule of upcoming construction activities. Thursday, October 10, 2019 6:00 – 7:00 PM 840 West Washington Avenue The Caltrain Electrification project is a key component of the Caltrain Modernization Program that will electrify the corridor from the San Francisco Caltrain Station at 4th and King Streets to approximately the Tamien Station in San Jose, replacing diesel-hauled trains with electric trains. Electrification will improve Caltrain’s system performance, enable more frequent and/or faster train service and minimize long-term environmental impact by reducing noise, improving regional air quality and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Caltrain Electrification is scheduled to be operational by 2022. Residents interested in adding an ADU or “Granny Flat” to their existing Single Family Homes are invited to join Housing Trust Silicon Valley’s upcoming ADU Resource Fair. An ADU is an Accessory Dwelling Unit added to a plot with a single-family home. Regulations for ADUs have been liberalized in recent years, to address the statewide housing shortage, and more reforms are in process. Housing Trust Silicon Valley’ s Small Homes, Big Impact program invites homeowners for this opportunity to discuss your ADU project with builders, design professionals, consultants, lenders, insurance agents and city staff. You will be able to recieve information and make connections to services and information to start and finish your ADU project. Sat, August 17, 2019 1:30 PM – 3:30 PM PDT Orchard Pavilion, Sunnyvale Senior Center 550 East Remington Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94087	206,202
Image: Hand painted glass jar A hand painted jar is my significant cultural object. It is made from glass and has been carefully painted by a lady who made a set of six for our family. Each has a different picture or memory on it. On top of each glass jar the lid has a picture representing the painting. Although the jars are not that old, the lady who painted them is our next door neighbour and we have a very special bond with her. Sadly she passed away in April this year and the jars mean a lot more to us now. Bianca (Year 6) - © Australian Museum Tags My Cultural Object,	264,929
“Objectivity is most helpful when confronted with the past and hindsight can be 20/20, but it’s usually shrouded in rose colored memories that become murkier with time.” Most Tarot readers have heard the saying, ‘what falls to the floor, comes to the door’. Meaning that while shuffling a card flies from the deck and lands either on the floor or whatever surface you are using. Today that card was the Princess of Swords. This Princess is a little one-sided and leans towards being detached. We can’t can’t hold this against her, after all it’s just how she is – she knows no other way to be. Perhaps you are feeling nostalgic, as I often do especially this time of year, or you’ve been contacted from someone from your past, the detached objectivity of the Princess of Swords is what is needed to help keep you things in perspective. The Six of Cups is all about nostalgia and integrating memory, reunion and the exchanges that occur between people. “Sixes represent the place of balance, meeting and union. At the level of the heart, linear time ceases to exist.” pg. 71 I personally love to reminisce with friends and family, but sometimes the details, important details, are forgotten or remembered very differently. Which is where the Six of Wands comes in. In this instance we have painted a much prettier picture of the past than what was actually experienced. Sometimes this is a way to heal and let go, to forgive. Other times it can be detrimental and if we have painted too rosy a picture, history could repeat itself. So, if your past comes knocking at your door, whether you greet it or not is a choice you will have to make, just remember to draw on the energy of the Princess of Swords and don her cape of objectivity before strolling down memory lane.	144,157
In February I told you about Star’s latest on the list of health conditions, TMJ. It’s a jaw disorder and can be caused or aggravated by teeth grinding. Today I wish to share with you six ways to help with teeth grinding. Bruxism refers to clenching or grinding your teeth. Many people do it without even realising, and many do so in their sleep. It’s important to understand that bruxism can impact your dental health. While there is no real cure, there are several ways to treat bruxism. Usually, you will work with along with your holistic dentist in Brisbane or in your local area to craft a care plan designed to help you reduce the symptoms as well as tooth damage that is often associated with the condition. An individualised plan may include some of the below treatments. A mouth guard is the most common treatment. Your dentist will order a custom-made mouth guard or splint, designed to keep the teeth separated and prevent further damage. While some people do find the mouth guard awkward and uncomfortable, it is an excellent way to protect your teeth. If your bruxism is due to improper alignment of your teeth, it is important to correct the alignment before any more damage is done and this is an excellent long-term option. An orthodontist or dentist might recommend oral surgery, crowns, braces or reshaping your teeth’s chewing surface to get your teeth to properly align. If your bruxism is the result of anxiety, depression or stress, doctors may prescribe muscle relaxants. While the medication may be effective, it’s important to understand the potential side effects since some commonly prescribe medications may have a negative affect on your thyroid or live, while others could be addictive. Always listen to your doctor’s advice and avoid self-medication. If you don’t respond to the most convention treatments for bruxism, some dentists may suggest Botox injections. Researchers have stated that there is very little research on the efficacy and safety of Botox for bruxism sufferers, but it does seem that Botox could be useful when it comes to reducing myofascial pain associated with the teeth grinding condition. Many of us grind our teeth when we are anxious and stressed, which means we need to learn how to manage and then release the stress. People can benefit from popular relaxation techniques such as meditation, physical exercise, essential oils and yoga. A healthy diet is also important, as is avoiding foods that could trigger allergic reactions. Vitamins and Minerals As a complement to your stress management techniques, boosting vitamin C levels is another good way to stop bruxism. Vitamin C is used by the adrenal glands, which affect our response to anxiety and stress. Besides vitamin C supplements, you should aim to eat foods that are rich in vitamin C such as oranges, guava, broccoli, red peppers, black currents, kiwi, strawberries, green peppers, papaya and kale. As for minerals, if you have a magnesium deficiency, you may experience restlessness, anxiety, hyperactivity, insomnia and irritability. It’s a good idea to take a high-quality magnesium supplement daily, just before bed to help improve the quality of your sleep. Use these 6 treatments to help stop grinding your teeth today and get a better night’s sleep as well as to help you release stress and anxiety. Disclosure: this is a collaborative post yeah night guards are really very effective to stop grinding your teeth. Night guard for teeth grinding are helpful. “Reduce stress levels in your life” oh honey, with anxiety you stress about every tiny little detail I relate to this. Every morning I have pain and it lasts throughout the day. I’ve tried a few mouth guards but no good as I bite down on it even more. It’s mainly 1 tooth at the back which my dentist ground down a mm or so but that was a waste of time. I play the violin. As a little girl, I had a lot of tension in my face and especially around my mouth. I think this was caused by stress and worry over playing my violin well. Now that I am aware of my tendency to clench my teeth and be tight, I have to constantly remind myself to relax. That has helped me quite a bit.	281,929
As the BP oil pipeline continues to uncontrollably gush oil into the Gulf of Mexico, threatening ecosystems, coastal communities, fishing industries, and all sorts of other living things, the conversation about protecting the environment continues–and perhaps is more relevant than ever. Christians (particularly evangelicals) have been sadly absent from this conversation in the past, for reasons more political than theological. But that has started to change in the past decade, and one of the leading voices in the evangelical movement for “Creation Care” is my friend Jonathan Merritt, who just released his first book, Green Like God: Unlocking the Divine Plan for Our Planet. In the last couple years, Jonathan has organized a national coalition of Christian leaders who care about creation, and founded the Southern Baptist Environment and Climate Initiative. He writes for numerous newspapers and magazines, has been interviewed by the likes of NPR and The New York Times, and has emerged as a strong young voice representing the next generation of evangelical leadership. I recently interviewed Jonathan about his book, the issues at play in the idea of “Creation care,” and why this is such an important thing for Christians to think about. Here is part of the interview: What was God’s intended purpose for Adam in Eden? I have a friend who says, “God’s original plan was to hang out in a garden with some naked vegetarians.” It’s funny, but it underscores that the original intent for everything we see was radically different than what we now live. Humanity’s history began in a good garden where nature flourished. God placed Adam there to preserve, work, and care for nature (Gen 2:15). This is a task we’ve all been given, and it is one that has never been revoked. Colossians 1 says that everything was redeemed by Christ’s blood on the cross–both things in heaven and things on earth. The cross began a process of cosmic redemption that includes, but is not limited to, human redemption. Because of the cross of Christ, we can see humans restored to a right relationship with God, nature, and each other. This is the power of Jesus Christ, the one who “makes ALL things new.” It is important for many reasons. First, it is important because our witness partially depends on it. When people see Christians responding with ignorance or callousness to the world’s problems, our gospel suddenly has less credibility. Second, because they are important to God. He took the time to speak about the earth over and over from Genesis 1 to Revelation 11. If they are important to God and we love God, then they will be important to us. Third, because people are dying. This year, for example, three million people (mostly children) will die from preventable, water related diseases. How can we claim to serve the one who asked us to love our neighbors and care “for the least of these” if we ignore such things? The one thing I don’t want to communicate is that human lives and animal lives are equivalent. But we need to recognize that what makes life sacred is not that it is human. What makes life sacred is that God created it, has placed value on it, and it is the object of His love. The Psalms tell us that God loves “all that he has made.” Although plants and animals—from flowers to frogs—are not equivalents to humans, they remain creations of a God who loves them and has placed value on them. If we love the Creator, we’ll love what the Creator loves. Like God, we should love and value all life. God has revealed himself in nature. Psalm 19 says “the heavens declare the glory of God”; Romans 1 says that God’s attributes are clearly seen “through the things He has made.” The world is a divine soundtrack, and I think God wants us to listen in. Yes. I was especially influenced by Francis Schaeffer, Alister McGrath, N.T. Wright, John Stott, Matthew Sleeth, and Christopher J.H. Wright. I am often asked, “Why should we worry about the future of an earth that has no future?” I struggled with this when I first started investigating creation care, but then I read the Parable of the Talents. Here we find a master who entrusts his servants with some money before going away on a long trip. When he returns, the very first thing he asks is, “What did you do with all that stuff I left in your care while I was gone?” The point is that the knowledge of a returning master does not free us from our earthly obligations; it calls us to them. When my Lord returns, I want to be caught in the act of loving others, spreading the gospel, and stewarding all the things he has entrusted to my care.	78,280
(Estimated 40,000 people cross the Bosphorous Bridge to join the protests/OccupyGeziPics) Taksim Gezi Park in Istanbul is alive with protest at this moment. The action began on May 28, when environmentalists protested plans to remove the park and replace it with a mall, and were met with a brutal police crackdown. Since then thousands have taken to the streets in Istanbul and other Turkish cities (though there's a media blackout on the protests, and poor Internet penetration in Turkey, which means the news is slow to reach other parts of the country). ("Gotta love the creativity of Turkish people clashing with tear gas shot by the police in Istanbul"/@Selintifada) An excellent summary of the events can be had in the 2013 Taksim Gezi Park protests Wikipedia article. The Occupy Gezi Pics Tumblr is a great clearinghouse of astounding photos from the protests. Here's @MashallahNews's list of English-language tweeters from the protests. ("A protester stands proud after a hard day’s night."/OccupyGeziPics) If you're on the ground in Taksim Gezi, here's a list of nearby WiFi passwords you can use. Reportedly, the local Starbucks is offering shelter, supplies and toilets to demonstrators. On Twitter, Jacob Appelbaum sends this advice to protesters: "Photograph radios and communications gear of the police or any other violent thug - what are they using to communicate?" "Try to use anonymous pre-paid SIM cards and throw away phones; use secure communications software to avoid likely interception." "Remember that the police and the telecommunications companies will work together to identify every #OccupyGezi person during and afterwards" "Consider using TextSecure, RedPhone, Orbot, Orweb, Gibberbot and ObscuraCam on Android cell phones; protect yourself!" "BLACKBERRY IS NOT SECURE! #occupygezi RIM sold out their users and only care about carriers/government "security" concerns." "The police have detailed location information from cell phones - use burner phones/sim cards; they likely intercept sms/calls."	164,449
Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Robert M. Young Online Writings THE UBIQUITY OF PSYCHOTIC ANXIETIES When I began composing this paper I could not decide whether the point I am trying to make is banal and obvious or really rather important. Perhaps its both at once. As Wilhelm Reich said, it is essential to subject things to the searching scrutiny of naive questions. My point is that the Freudian definition of the unconscious and, a fortiori, the Kleinian one, says in a quite flat-footed way that fundamentally irrational processes are going on all the time in our inner worlds. The difference between the Freudian and the Kleinian versions of this point is that on the Kleinian account these processes are in a complex interplay with other, less irrational ones, from moment to moment, and the way Kleinians write about them and make interpretations of them makes them seem more extreme - in a word, crazier, playing a larger and more manifest part in everyday behaviour. Whatever one may want to say about the difference of tone or degree between Freudian and Kleinian accounts, its not startling news that crazy things go on in the unconscious. It is worth recalling that on both accounts, by far the larger part of what goes on in the mind is unconscious, where the rules of Aristotelian logic do not apply. Why, then, might my point be rather important? There are a number of interrelated reasons. First, one might ask why this conference seemed necessary, that is, why are psychotherapists and psychoanalysts on the whole wary of and out of touch with psychosis and why are most psychiatrists equally (perhaps more) out of touch with psychodynamic formulations of psychotic phenomena? There seems to be a barrier or, at least, imperfect communication. Therapists and analysts do not commonly treat psychotics. All but a tiny minority of psychiatrists would not dream of using the talking cure as the treatment of choice with such patients. Indeed, Im told that in America an analyst was recently successfully sued for doing so and that the ensuing debate is ongoing in the American psychiatric journals. There are notable exceptions, to some of whom Ill return: Wilfred Bion, Hanna Segal, Herbert Rosenfeld Donald Meltzer, Murray Jackson, Michael Conran in this country and Harold Searles in America. But it is not common and is usually seen as research with limited therapeutic goals. Searles work with a number of patients over decades is the object of bemusement and ridicule in some circles, though Im bound to say that the more I do psychotherapy with psychotics, the more I admire him and envy his ability to find and convey the meaning and sense in what psychotics say. Then there is the burgeoning literature on so-called borderline states and pathological organisations, categories which are problematic and whose legitimacy are the subject of intense debate in some quarters at the same time that the literature about them is rich and fascinating for what it suggests about the inner world and the refractory structures in individuals (Searles, 1986; Rosenfeld, 1987; Spillius. 1988, vol. 1, part 4; Silver and Rosenbleuth, 1992; Rey, forthcoming). This leads on to the question of nosology, a topic which has a narrow and a wide focus. The narrow focus is the gulf that exists between psychoanalysts and psychotherapists on the one hand and psychiatrists on the other with respect to the relevance of psychiatric nosology. This gulf may be described quite simply. Psychotherapists dont think much in terms of disease entities or syndromes. Of course they do in a loose way, but their overwhelming emphasis is on unconscious dynamics. Orthodox psychiatrists tend to think in terms of categories, while therapists tend to think in terms of levels and movements back and forth between positions or emotional states. Not only do we find a big difference of emphasis with respect to the extent to which classifications of the sort found in DSM - III-R are used, I also find that the distinctions between normal and neurotic and psychotic arent much used, at least in Kleinian circles. I hasten to add that the distinctions are around and relevant and that I carry around in my head terms which I attach to my patients in some reflective moments and in supervision, for example, paranoid, borderline, pathological organisation, depressed, schizoid, hysterical, and so on. But these are rarely in my mind during sessions. The wider focus of the topic of nosology is the problematic role of classifications in medicine and science. Classifications are put forward as facts of nature, analogous, in the first instance, to disease categories in medicine, which, in turn, claim some affinity to natural classifications of species in biology and particles, elements and compounds in physics. This is a central feature of the scientific enterprise: the search for a definitive specification of natural kinds. The trouble with the attempt to find a natural classification in psychopathology is that the project of achieving such classifications opens up a very large can of worms about human nature, nature and the theory of knowledge - epistemology. By this I mean that the attempt to classify mental phenomena has no language of its own. It is a consequence of Cartesian mind-body dualism that bodies are described in terms of primary qualities - extension and figure, treated geometrically and mathematically, while mind is negatively defined as that which does not pertain to body (Young, 1989; in press, ch. 1). The languages employed by scientists, which includes medics and therapists (regarded as rather pale shadows of proper scientists), are generated by analogy from more scientifically respectable disciplines. For example, the association of ideas was itself dreamed up as an analogy to the ways physical particles were thought to interact in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - a sort of billiard-ball impact physics (Young, 1970, pp. 94-100). The very notion of psychopathology was an attempt, begun in the mid-nineteenth century, to found the theory of mental disturbance on the disease model - hence mental disease - and a description of the features of such disorders was made analogous to the exciting new findings of the study of the pathology of organs and cells - hence the use of terms such as syndrome and morbid anatomy. The term psychopathology entered English in 1847 as a transliteration of the title of a book by Baron von Feuchstersleben, and there were titles around mid-century such as Elements of the Pathology of the Human Mind (Mayo, 1838), Chapters on Mental Physiology (Holland, 1852) and Henry Maudsleys Physiology and Pathology of Mind (1867) . Books with psychopatology in their titles were still being written in the 1980s (Berrios, 1991), and I currently lecture on the subject in several psychotherapy trainings The history of ideas in psychopathology is the history of the extended use of a somatic analogy which, it was thought by Freuds teachers, would soon be securely founded on the actual findings of cerebral pathology (Amacher, 1965). Indeed, it is worth recalling that it was in this field that he chose to work (Bernfield, 1944, 1949, 1951; Kris, 1950). It was the subject of his first book, On Aphasia (1891; Stengel, 1954; Riese, 1958). He turned to treating neurotics because he couldnt afford to continue working as an academic researcher (Young, 1986; Gay, 1988, pp. 22-37). Throughout his writings we find analogies and metaphors drawn from physics, anatomy, physiology and pathology. Anatomical and reflex models were pervasive in The Interpretation of Dreams, and at the end of his life he was still thinking this way in the New Introductory Lectures, one of which was entltled The Dissection of the Psychical Personality (Freud, 1933, ch. 31) Not only is it the case that psychopathological nosology is based on an extended and increasingly dubious analogy to the natural and biomedical sciences, but these efforts at placing the vicissitudes of human suffering on the bedrock of putatively natural classifications turn out, according to recent research in the history, philosophy and social studies of science, to be eminently historical. Ill repeat that , since it is crucial to what I am trying to say. Disease categories in psychiatry are eminently historical and change over time as a result of wider forces in the history of ideas and the history of culture. If that wasnt obvious before, systematic nosological work was attempted, it should be transparent from the fact that the official Diagnostic and Statistical Manual has gone through four revisions in its short history since it first appeared in 1952 (APA, 1987, pp. xviii-xix). You could say that they are moving progressively toward a refined truth, but the changes are not of that kind. It is more like the history of encyclopaedias, which may have been conceived in the belief that knowledge accumulates in a linear way. In fact, however, its categories, frameworks and terms of reference have also changed in successive editions. I have the eighth edition of The Encyclopedia Britannica, dated 1860. It includes a long article entitled Deluge, which goes into lots of complicated matters about the Biblical flood. The next edition, which appeared less than two decades later, has no such entry but does have a new one called Evolution. There are related changes throughout the edition, including the disappearance of a preliminary volume of essays called Dissertations and Discussions, which sought to encompass all of knowledge. Between those two editions the whole interllectual landscape had been recast as a result of the publication of Darwins Origin of Species. You might think I am leading up to a sharp distinction between human knowledge and natural knowledge, but I submit that the example I have just given points the other way and shows that the historicity of categories also applies to natural knowledge. As I have tried to show in my films and other writings, ideas of nature have a history (Young, 1973, 1985, ch. 6; Young and Postle, 1981; Young and Gold, 1982). One inspiration for this approach is Georg Lukács, who argued, the idea of nature in any period is the theoretical reflection and projection of the social milieu of the times (Lukács, 1923, p. 38). Nature is a societal category. That is to say, whatever is held to be natural at any given stage of social development, however this nature is related to man and whatever form his involvement with it takes, i.e. natures form, its content, its range and its objectivity are all socially conditioned (ibid., p. 234). What is true of nature in general also applies to the framing of natural kinds or classifications. So the attempt to found the understanding of human distress on an analogy to somatic pathology, which is, in turn, reducible to physiology, biochemistry, chemistry and physics, fails to take note that the bedrock is itself changing as a function of broader movements in the culture. This is less obvious in the physico-chemical sciences, but it is still the case. It is obviously so in medicine, as a brilliant and pioneering series of essays by Karl Figlio has shown with respect to the rise and fall of certain eminently somatic diseases - chlorosis and miners nystagmus (Figlio, 1978, 1979, 1985). He has moved on, following Harold Searles profound book on The Nonnhuman Environment, to explore we experience and deploy the external world in our unconscious projective processes (1990). Note carefully that I am not saying that there was no such thing as chlorosis or miners nystagmus. The medical textbooks and hospital records prove that there was and that their natures changed over time. These syndromes were discovered and treated as natural kinds. One had as its pathognomonic symptom a kind of anaemia, the other a disorder of the eyes. They waxed and waned in the medical literature as the constellation of social forces which evoked them changed over decades. The same is true of the nosological categories in DSM. An example is ego-syntonic homosexuality. It has simply ceased to be a disease, though if you have the non-ego syntonic variety you are still - according to the current classification - sick. I learned this system of ideas - what anthropologists call a belief system - as a psychiatric aide in Arizona (where promiscuity and priapism were still considered grave illnesses) and got to be a dab hand at making diagnoses, just as I later learned to do assessment interviews in a psychotherapy department and to make dynamic formulations which met the prevailing standards. Even diagnostic categories which have been challenged can elicit high degrees of reliability which meet scientific standards of intersubjective validation, as Alex Tarnopolsky (1992) has shown with respect to borderline disorders. You can be forgiven for thinking that I am spending a long time in the foothills of my argument. My reply would be that I am at the summit of it in a number of respects. Even so, if I may vary the metaphor, I am poised for re-entry to the part of my text which concentrates on the modifier psychotic. My vehicle for re-entry is Peter Barhams breathtakingly wise book on Schizophrenia and Human Value, in which he argues that we must move off the nosological relegation of schizophrenics to demented chronicity and learn to think of them as living lives, of which it can be said, thereby hangs a tale, that is, a narrative which has meaning and value and merit our attentiveness, whether or not the cause of schizophrenia turns out to be largely biochemical. (I have never understood why people think that biological causation diminshes the meaningfulness of what psychotic people say and do.) Barham has gone on to say that because they tell a recognisably meaningful story - mented, as it were, rather than de-mented - the lives of these people merit provision appropriate to fellow human beings who, like people in wheelchairs, are in need of certain kinds of spaces which facilitate their doing whatever they can, rather than the stark alternatives of hospitals or cardboard cities (Barham, 1992). Barham argues his thesis on general humanitarian grounds but also draws on writings by Alisdair MacIntyre and Richard Rorty which are critical of the hegemonic claims of scientific rationality and seek to promote narrative, story-telling, evaluative and humanocentric ways of speaking about things, especially human things, by which I mean not treating the relations between people as if they were relations between things. This goes against the grain of the history of scientism, whereby scientific rationality and materialist explanations were offered as the models for all of knowledge - a movement which peaked in the 1950s and has recently been under attack in general philosophy and in the philosophy of both the natural and the so-called human sciences (Rorty, 1982, ch. 12). It is at this point that two strands of my argument meet. First, there is a widespread and growing critique of reductionist explanations based on the increasingly historicised bedrock of natural science. Second, and closely allied, there is a movement of critique of rationalist views of human nature in psychology and social studies - moving away from enlightenment and positivist models and toward a more tolerant and inclusive view of the role of primitive processes in our lives. These strands meet at the point where human phenomena are increasingly described in terms which are recognisably human, rather than - as was the case at the high tide of scientism - in terms which reduce the human to the parameters of scientific rationality and human nature to a split between the rational and the Other, whereof one cannot speak. I hope I have said enough to make plausible the project of addressing my title and pointing out the ubiquity of psychotic anxieties. I have set the stage in the way I have in order to make clear that what I shall now say about Freudian and Kleinian ideas is not just a re-hash but a repositioning of these ideas in the context of a broader movement in philosophy and the study of humanity, society and the world. It puts primitive processes in the context of a broader cultural movement which is challenging the privileging of forms of discourse drawn directly or by analogy from natural science. That movement is not entirely new. It has a distinguished history. What is new is that the claim that primitive and irrational processes are central to human nature, and it should not provoke a scandalised response. There is a good analogy to related developments in epistemology. The word ideology and the adjective ideological have had pejorative meanings since Napoleon trashed the movement by that name in the early nineteenth century (Young, 1971, 1973, 1977). But ideology only held its terrors in virtue of being in paired opposition to science, rather as fact and value are paired. But if the strong claims hitherto made for science are seen to melt away, then ideology - the colouring of accounts of things by interest groups - becomes the norm, not the deviation (Haraway, 1989, 1990; Young, 1992a). If the science/ideology and the fact/value distinctions are undermined, because science is ideological and facts are value-laden, then the closely related split between psychotic and non-psychotic (or normal) should also be reconceptualised. The distinguished history to which I refer is easily recalled. Plato banished the poets and songsters from his rationalist republic. The role of the senses and accidental connections was, in very different ways, one of sullying knowledge in the purest of both the rationalist and empiricist traditions. But David Hume, the deepest of the empiricists, made passion central to human nature and knowing. Illumination from witches and hermetical and magical processes remained strong themes in Renaissance thought but also in the eminently respectable writings of Paracelsus, van Helmont and other figures in early chemistry and, most notably, in Newtons world view (Webster, 1982). The point of this is that the official line - that meaning and purpose and the so-called final causes of the Aristotelian tradition were banned from scientific explanation - leaves out the hugely important fact that they remained active in the deepest assumptions of the greatest scientists such as Newton and Darwin (Rattansi, 1973; Young, 1985, 1989 1992b) If we look at the history of painting for evidence of the profound truths which have been believed to inhere in the irrational, one need only mention Bosch, Breughel, Goya, van Gogh, Surrealism and Dada for a continuous tradition of illumination sought from primitive, irrational and disturbing images. Think of Magritte and Man Ray and the films of Buñel. Similar stories can be told about literature, culminating in the significance attached to automatic writing and stream of consciousness in recent times. The history of psychiatry tells the same story, as Foucault has shown in Madness and Civilisation and as was made part of a movement in aspects of the so-called anti-psychiatry movement which was (in part wrongly) associated with the work of Laing, Cooper and Esterson (Laing, 1960; Cooper, 1972; Laing and Esterson,1970; Boyers and Orill, 1972; Ingleby, 1981). There is a common theme here - that we must pay attention to what is usually called psychotic. It has a meaning. This is sensitively demonstrated in Laings writings and exemplified in detail by Barhams analyses of discussions among chronically schizophrenic patients (Barham, 1984, chs. 4 and 5). It could be said that most of the four volumes by Harold Searles are demonstrating the meaningfulness of psychotic utterances (Searles 1960, 1965, 1979, 1986), while his gladiatorial dialogue with Langs defends his special competence in this utterly demanding work (Langs and Searles, 1980, esp. ch. 4 and appendix). Lets take stock. I have granted that there are banal and potentially illuminating versions of my thesis. I have reminded you of certain differences of preoccupation and approach of psychiatrists and those who think psychoanalytically. I have contrasted nosology and dynamics. I have made a critique of the claims of classification to be based on an unproblematic idea of the natural, since the natural is itself historical - part of the history of culture. Finally, I have begun an attempt to bring the primitive and irrational - the psychotic - to the centre of our humanity. In doing so I have been implicitly undermining orthodox, ego psychology models, along with orthodox psychiatric ones. Now to psychotic anxieties per se.. Lest it be thought that the strands of my argument are not being interwoven into a recognisable pattern, let me say what I want you to discern in the final product. It is that human distress, if we are to treat it as human, must be interpreted as intelligible all the way to its deepest roots as well as its broadest determinations. A whole set of interpreters has helped us to place ideas - including scientific, medical, psychiatric and psychological ideas - inside the broader history of culture. They have not been as assiduous in doing this with primitive forces in human nature, though, God knows, we have plenty of evidence at the moment for the baleful effects of such forces. These, too, must be treated as part of the mainstream of human nature in the individual and in groups, institutions, cultures and communities. The fact that it is hard to find a language adequate for characterising and interpreting pre-linguistic and sub-linguistic feelings only makes the problem more difficult and challenging. It does not excuse abrogating the constitutive role of intense irrational motives in how we think, feel and behave. To say with the philosopher that nothing human is foreign to me is to open the door of theory and practice to the ubiquity of psychotic anxieties and to begin to break down the barriers of mutual incomprehension and subcultural separation between psychotherapy and psychiatry. I see these as institutionalised forms of the splitting off of deep and irrational feelings from the received account of how we think. If science is to be reintegrated with meaning, purpose, goals and values - including ideology and politics - then psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and psychiatry must, as part of the overall project, be reintegrated with the deepest sources of the evalutive dimension. This has implications for both communities and for training as well as practice. I begin with some classic texts. This from Freuds Formulation on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning (1911): With the introduction of the reality principle one species of thought-activity was split off; it was kept free from reality-testing and remained subordinated to the pleasure principle alone. This activity is phantasying., which begins already in childrens play, and later, continued as day-dreaming, abandons dependence on real objects (Freud, 1911, p.222) The strangest characteristic of unconscious (repressed) processes... is due to their entire disregard of reality testing; they equate reality of thought with external actuality, and wishes with their fulfilment - with the event - just as happens automatically under the dominance of the ancient pleasure principle (ibid., p. 225). Freud says here that the persistence of the irrational is fundamental to human nature and remains so as we develop. This from Joan Rivieres On the Genesis of Psychical Conflict in Early Infancy (1952): I wish especially to point out... that from the very beginning of life, on Freuds own hypothesis, the psyche responds to the reality of its experiences by interpreting them - or rather, misinterpreting them - in a subjective manner that increases its pleasure and preserves it from pain. This act of subjective interpretation of experience, which it carries out by means of the processes of introjection and projection, is called by Freud hallucination; and it forms the foundation of what we mean by phantasy-life. The phantasy-life of the individual is thus the form in which his real internal and external sensations and perceptions are interpreted and represented to himself in his mind under the influence of the pleasure-pain principle. (It seems to me that one has only to consider for a moment to see that, in spite of all the advances man has made in adaptation of a kind to external reality, this primitive and elementary function of his psyche - to misinterpret his perceptions for his own satisfaction - still retains the upper hands in the minds of the great majority of even civilized adults.) (Riviere, 1952, p. 41). In claiming that experience is characteristically misinterpreted at source and that hallucination is the foundation of experience, Riviere is saying that there is no neutral observation language in everyday life. The same claim is made of science in recent work in the philosophy of science. I want to turn now to the history of ideas about psychotic processes in Klein, Bion and Meltzer. Klein described schizoid mechanisms as occurring in the baby's development in the first year of life characteristically... the infant suffered from states of mind that were in all their essentials equivalent to the adult psychoses, taken as regressive states in Freud's sense (Meltzer, 1978, part 3, p. 22). Klein says in the third paragraph of her most famous paper, 'Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms' (1946), 'In early infancy anxieties characteristic of psychosis arise which drive the ego to develop specific defence-mechanisms. In this period the fixation-points for all psychotic disorders are to be found. This has led some people to believe that I regard all infants as psychotic; but I have already dealt sufficiently with this misunderstanding on other occasions' (Klein, 1975, vol. 3, p. 1). Meltzer comments that 'Although she denied that this was tantamount to saying that babies are psychotic, it is difficult to see how this implication could be escaped' (Meltzer, 1978, part 3, p. 22). Kleinian thinking evolved in three stages. As in the above quotation, Klein saw schizoid mechanisms and the paranoid-schizoid position as fixation points, respectively, for schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. Then the paranoid-schizoid (ps) and depressive (d) positions became developmental stages. Her terminology included 'psychotic phases, 'psychotic positions' and then 'positions' (Klein, 1975, vol. 1, pp. 275n-276n, 279). Thirdly, in the work of Bion and other post-Kleinians, these became economic principles and part of the moment-to-moment vicissitudes of everyday life. The notations 'ps' and 'd' were connected with a double-headed arrow - ps Ö d - to indicate how easily, frequently and normally our inner states oscillate from the one to the other and back again (Meltzer, 1978, part 3, p. 22). In Bion's writings on schizophrenia an ambiguity remained as to whether or not the psychotic part of the personality is ubiquitous or only present in schizophrenics (Bion,1967, esp. ch. 5), but Meltzer concludes his exposition of Bion's schizophrenia papers by referring to the existence of these phenomena in patients of every degree of disturbance, even 'healthy' candidates in training to be therapists (Meltzer, op. cit., p. 28). Going further, he and colleagues have drawn on the inner world of autistic patients to illuminate the norm (Meltzer et al, 1975; Frances Tustin 1986) has essayed on autistic phenomena in neurotic patients, while Sydney Klein (1980) has described 'autistic cysts' in neurotic patients. In his most recent writings on The Claustrum (1992), Meltzer has elegantly shown that desperate defences against schizophrenic breakdown account for much of the psychology and behaviour of competitive and dramatically successful executives and leaders. Those who live in the claustrum - the lower colon of the mental digestive tract - have inner worlds dominated by virulent projective identification. Klein's views on these matters are based on Freud and Abraham's notions of oral libido and fantasies of cannibalism (Gedo, 1986, p. 94). She begins her essay, A Contribution to the Psychogenesis of Manic-Depressive States (1935), with claims about the extreme feelings of all babies: My earlier writings contain the account of a phase of sadism at its height, through which children pass during the first year of life. In the very first months of the babys existence it has sadistic impulses directed, not only against its mothers breast, but also against the inside of her body: scooping it out, devouring the contents, destroying it by every means which sadism can suggest (Klein, 1975, vol. 1, p. 262). Once again, the projective and introjective mechanisms of the first months and year give rise to anxiety situations and defences against them, 'the content of which is comparable to that of the psychoses in adults' (ibid.). Orality is everywhere, for example, in the 'gnawing of conscience' (p. 268). Riviere says that 'such helplessness against destructive forces within constitutes the greatest psychical danger-situation known to the human organism; and that this helplessness is the deepest source of anxiety in human beings' (Riviere, 1952, p. 43). It is the ultimate source of all neurosis. At this early stage of development, sadism is at its height and is followed by the discovery that loved objects are in a state of disintegration, in bits or in dissolution, leading to despair, remorse and anxiety, which underlie numerous anxiety situations. Klein concludes, 'Anxiety situations of this kind I have found to be at the bottom not only of depression, but of all inhibitions of work' (Klein, 1975 vol. 1, p. 270). It should be recalled that these are pre-linguistic experiences developmentally, and sub-linguistic in adults. They are hard to characterise and hard to think about. It is a characteristic of the world view of Kleinians that the primitive is never transcended and that all experiences continue to be mediated through the mother's body. Similarly, there is a persistence of primitive phantasies of body parts and bodily functions, especially biting, eating, tearing, spitting out, urine and urinating, faeces and defecating, mucus, genitals. One of the reasons we dont like to think about these matters is that it is very hard to characterise them. Why is all this such an innovation? Riviere points out that anxiety was of great significance to Freud, but that much of his rhetoric was scientific, especially physiological. He did not concern himself with the psychological content of phantasies. Indeed, he and many of his so-called Freudian followers have tended to use scientistic analogies instead of conveying human distress in evocative language. By contrast, 'Anxiety, with the defences against it, has from the beginning been Mrs Klein's approach to psycho-analytical problems. It was from this angle that she discovered the existence and importance of aggressive elements in children's emotional life... and [it] enabled her to bring much of the known phenomena of mental disorders into line with the basic principles of analysis' (Riviere, 1952, pp. 8-9). This contrast between Freud and Klein takes us back to one of the major themes of my argument - the need to break away from describing the inner world in terms drawn from a metapsychology based on analogies drawn from physics and biology. I am advocating, instead, the bold use of terms drawn from the language of everyday life - including and especially primitive emotional life - and the employment of any way of representing primitive processes that comes to hand. This involves a move from the didactic and objectivist language of natural science and the epistemologies which kow-tow to it and toward evocative and phenomenological ways of attempting to convey the inner meaning of experience. Mental space need not be reduced to the realm of extended substances; it can be filled and populated by whatever kind of account helps us to keep feeling alive. Rather than defer to the canons of Cartesian dualism, our criterion should be whether or not a given account resonates with the dialectic of experience. Kleinians have consistently written in a language which eschews physicalist scientism, albeit Klein did retain a notion of instinct, even though this was largely redundant as a result of her object relations perspective. They went on to propose elements of a general psychology, including the claim that there is 'an unconscious phantasy behind every thought and every act' (p.16). That is, the mental expression of primitive processes 'is unconscious phantasy' (ibid.). It is not only a background hum, as it were. Susan Isaacs claims that 'Reality thinking cannot operate without concurrent and supporting unconscious phantasies' (Isaacs, 1952, p. 109). And again: 'phantasies are the primary content of unconscious mental processes' (pp. 82, 112). 'There is no impulse, no instinctual urge or response which is not experienced as unconscious phantasy' (p. 83). 'Phantasies have both psychic and bodily effects, e.g., in conversion symptoms, bodily qualities, character and personality, neurotic symptoms, inhibitions and sublimations' (p. 112). They even determine the minutiae of body language (p. 100). The role of unconscious phantasy extends from the first to the most abstract thought. The infant's first thought of the existence of the external world comes from sadistic attacks on the mother's body (Klein, 1975, vol. 1, p. 276; vol. 3, p. 5). 'Phantasies - becoming more elaborate and referring to a wider variety of objects and situations - continue throughout development and accompany all activities; they never stop playing a great part in mental life. The influence of unconscious phantasy on art, on scientific work, and on the activities of everyday life cannot be overrated' (Klein, 1975, vol. 3, p. 251; cf. p. 262). These anxieties are not only ubiquitous: they interact in complicated ways. As Riviere points out, 'It is impossible to do any justice here to the complexity and variety of the anxiety-situations and the defences against them dominating the psyche during these early years. The factors involved are so numerous and the combinations and interchanges so variable. The internal objects are employed against external, and external against internal, both for satisfaction and for security; desire is employed against hate and destructiveness; omnipotence against impotence, and even impotence (dependence) against destructive omnipotence; phantasy against reality and reality against phantasy. Moreover, hate and destruction are employed as measures to avert the dangers of desire and even of love. Gradually a progressive development takes place... by means of the interplay of these and other factors, and of them with external influences, out of which the child's ego, his object-relations, his sexual development, his super-ego, his character and capacities are formed' (Riviere, 1952, pp. 59-60). It was on the foundation of these ideas about individual psychology that the classical work on groups and institutions of Bion, Elliott Jaques and Isabel Menzies Lyth was built. Bion argued that group phenomena required a deeper explanation than the Freudian one employing the family and id, ego and superego. He did not repudiate these but delved deeper into the realm of psychotic anxieties, which he believed operated in all groups. The forms of distress that converted sensible work groups into mad ones dominated by what he called basic assumptions, correspond so closely with extremely primitive part objects that sooner or later psychotic anxiety, appertaining to these primitive relationships, is released. The defensive measures to which the groups resort are the same as those which individual babies employ in the face of their earliest anxieties (Bion, 1955, p. 456). Bion suggests that these primitive anxieties contain the ultimate sources of all group behaviour (p. 476). Jaques begins his essay on 'Social Systems as a Defence against Persecutory and Depressive Anxiety' (1955) by reiterating that 'social phenomena show a striking correspondence with psychotic processes in individuals', that 'institutions are used by their individual members to reinforce individual mechanisms of defence against anxiety', and 'that the mechanisms of projective and introjective identification operate in linking individual and social behaviour'. He argues the thesis that 'the primary cohesive elements binding individuals into institutionalised human association is that of defence against psychotic anxiety' (Jaques, 1955, pp. 478-9). He points out that the projective and introjective processes he is investigating are basic to even the most complex social processes and directs us to Paula Heimann's argument that they are at the bottom of all our dealings with one another (p. 481, 481n). His conclusion is cautionary and points out the conservative - even reactionary - consequences of our psychotic anxieties and our group and institutional defences against them. He suggests that as a result of these reflections on human nature 'it may become more clear why social change is so difficult to achieve, and why many social problems are so intractable. From the point of view here elaborated, changes in social relationships and procedures call for a restructuring of relationships at the phantasy level, with a consequent demand upon individuals to accept and tolerate changes in their existing patterns of defences against psychotic anxiety. Effective social change is likely to require analysis of the common anxieties and unconscious collusions underlying the social defences determining phantasy social relationships' (p.498). I turn finally to the investigator who, in my opinion, has made the most of this perspective, Isabel Menzies Lyth, who built her research on the shoulders of Bion and Jaques. She has investigated a number of fraught settings, extending from the fire brigade to the Institute of Psychoanalysis, but the piece of research which has deservedly made her world-famous is described in a report entitled 'The Functioning of Social Systems as a Defence against Anxiety' (1959). It is a particularly poignant document, which addresses the question why people of good will and idealistic motives do not do what they intend, that is, why nurses find themselves, to an astonishing degree, not caring for patients and leaving the nursing service in droves. It would be repetitious to review the mechanisms she describes. They are the ones discussed above. What is so distressing is that they operate overwhelmingly in a setting which has as its very reason for existence the provision of sensitivity and care. Yet that setting is full of threats to life itself and arouses the psychotic anxieties I have outlined. She says, 'The objective situation confronting the nurse bears a striking resemblance to the phantasy situations that exist in every individual in the deepest and most primitive levels of the mind. The intensity and complexity of the nurse's anxieties are to be attributed primarily to the peculiar capacity of the objective features of her work situation to stimulate afresh those early situations and their accompanying emotions' (Menzies Lyth, 1988, pp. 46-7). The result is the evolution of socially structured defence mechanisms which take the form of routines and division of tasks which effectively preclude the nurse relating as a whole person to the patient as a whole person. 'The implicit aim of such devices, which operate both structurally and culturally, may be described as a kind of depersonalisation or elimination of individual distinctiveness in both nurse and patient. For example, nurses often talk about patients not by name, but by bed numbers or by their diseases or a diseased organ: "the liver in bed 10" or "the pneumonia in bed 15". Nurses deprecate this practice, but it persists' (pp. 51-2). She lists and discusses the reifying devices which reduce everyone involved to part-objects, including insight into why the nurse wakes you up to give you a sleeping pill (p. 69). There is a whole system of overlapping ways of evading the full force of the anxieties associated with death, the ones which lie at the heart of the mechanisms which Klein described (pp. 63-64; cf. Riviere, 1952, p. 43). Menzies Lyth also draws a cautionary conclusion: 'In general, it may be postulated that resistance to social change is likely to be greatest in institutions whose social defence systems are dominated by primitive psychic defence mechanisms, those which have been collectively described by Melanie Klein as the paranoid-schizoid defences' (Menzies Lyth, 1988, p. 79). In recent reflections on her work and that of her colleagues, she has reiterated just how refractory to change institutions are (Menzies Lyth, 1988, pp. 1-42 and personal communications). That completes my exposition of the Kleinian and post-Kleinian literature. I find it sobering and profoundly challenging to any hope for a better world. I do not think it can be squared with at least two other traditions. The first is the orthodox and neo-Freudian one where the egos mechanisms of defence manage to keep irrational forces at bay or to neutralise or tame them before they enter consciousness. Nor do I find it compatible with the convenient distinction between people who are either normal (or normally miserable and neurotic) and others who are in a different state called psychotic, with allowances for periods in the repair shop called breakdowns. Im not saying that there are not psychotic people or people who have breakdowns. I am saying that those people are not as strange to the rest of us as the nosologists would have you believe. My point is that we are not strangers to psychotic processes in our everyday lives, families, groups, institutions and societies. There is a lot of it about all the time - not just the wars and conflicts we see all around us, particularly at the moment. I refer also to what happens in psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytic training organisations - also particularly at the moment when a paranoid atmosphere has been generated by the divisive behaviour of a small number of elitists who, in my opinion and that of some eminent psychoanalysts, have destructively sought to undermine the United Kingdom Standing Conference on Psychotherapy. But this is not unusual. What is surprising is that this sort of behaviouroccurs in and between psychotherapeutic, psychoanalytic and group relations institutions - the cradles of the very psychodynamic enlightenment which I have been trying to lay before you. But thats not surprising, either. It is true in the churches, academic institutions and charities, the schools, asylums and major corporations, monasteries and nunneries, orphanages and sports teams, political parties and communes. I am not listing institutions for completeness sake. I have in mind quite specific incidents and histories. Not all the time but in all institutions. We are all partly psychotic all of the time and all of us psychotic part of the time. Bion insists that the move into basic assumption functioning is involuntary, automatic and inevitable (Bion, 1955, p. 458). Having objects into which to project is the sine qua non of mental well-being. But we do so in a vulnerable space, on one side of which is nameless dread and a black hole and on the other the intense projections of outgrouping, racism and virulent nationalism. All of us become humans by learning to project and members of groups by being socialised into their projective identifications, some good, some very nasty (Young, forthcoming, chs.6 and 7). The same is true of professions, even and especially helping professions like nursing, medicine, psychiatry and psychotherapy. I recall that eminent Freudian, Joseph Sandler, describing psychotherapy as a process of making friends with the unacceptable parts of ourselves. Just as Bion said we had to delve deeper than Freud to get at the ultimate sources of all group behaviour, I think we have to grant that the ubiquity of psychotic anxieties means that we are up against much more in ourselves that we are inclined to believe. So there are even more unacceptable parts to be befriended or neutralised or repressed by the thin veneer of civilisation. To deny their ubiquity or to overestimate the strength of that veneer strikes me as ostrich-like and to tempt us to hide our eyes from the lessons of the nursery, the family, society and international relations. I think this blinkered attitude helps to explain why psychiatrists and psychotherapists try to restrict the range of their obligations, the people with whom they work and the issues upon which they reflect. We split off these feelings and try to confine them to scapegoats called psychotics. I suggest that much official psychopathology and classification serve defensive purposes and protect us from psychotic anxieties. These are forms of control which - like the banishment of purposes and goals in scientific explanation - sequester existential risk and politics and drive underground the legitimate angst of suffering people. The official healers in society do their jobs humanely but get turned into minders. While I was still writing this paper I saw a film about the huge oil spill of the Exxon Veldeez in Alaska, in which phalanxes of reasonably conscientious officials never got into a hands-on tactile relationship with the millions of gallons of sludge or the fatal coating their ways of working and their blinkered notion of energy had allowed to stifle life. It struck me as a metaphor for the urgency of the reconceptualisation I am proposing. I think Freud pointed the way in the concluding passage in his presciently realistic though pessimistic essay - Civilization and Its Discontents (1930). He wrote that the history of civilisation is 'the struggle between Eros and Death, between the instinct of life and the instinct of destruction, as it works itself out in the human species. This struggle is what all life essentially consists of... And it is this battle of the giants that our nurse-maids try to appease with their lullaby about Heaven' (Freud.,1930, p. 122). Paper presented to international conference on Psychosis: Understanding and Treatment, University of Essex, Colchester September 1992, to appear in Jane Ellwood, ed, Psychosis: Understanding and Treatment. London: Jessica Kingsley, 1995, pp. 34-53. REFERENCES (Place of publication is London unless otherwise specified.) Amacher, P. (1965) Freuds Neurological Education and Its Influence on Psychoanalytic Theory, Psychol. Issues, 4, no. 4, Monograph 16. 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(1992) Handbook of Borderline Disorders. Madison, CT: International Universities Press. Spillius, E. B. (1988 Melanie Klein Today, 2 vols. Routledge Stengel. E. A. (1954) A Re-evaluation of Freuds Book On Aphasia : Its Significance for Psychoanalysis, Int. J. Psycho-Anal. 35:85-89. Tarnopolsky, A. (1992) The Validity of the Borderline Personality Disorder, in Silver and Rosenbleuth, eds. (1992), pp.29-52. Tustin, F. (1986) Autistic Barriers in Neurotic Patients. Karnac. Webster, C. (1982) From Paracelsus to Newton: Magic and the Making of Modern Science. Cambridge. Young, R. M. (1970) Mind, Brain and Adaptation in the Nineteenth Century : Cerebral Localization and Its Biological Context from Gall to Ferrier. Oxford: Clarendon Press; reprinted Oxford University Press, 1990. ______ (1971) Evolutionary Biology and Ideology: Then and Now Science Studies 1:177-206. ______ (1973) 'The Human Limits of Nature', in J. Benthall, ed., The Limits of Human Nature. Allen Lane, pp. 235-74. ______ (1977) 'Science is Social Relations', Radical Sci. J. 5:65-131. .______ (1985) Darwin's Metaphor: Nature's Place in Victorian Culture. Cambridge University Press ______ (1986) 'Freud: Scientist and/or Humanist', Free Assns. 6:7-35,1986. ______ (1989) 'Persons, Organisms... and Primary Qualities', in J. Moore, ed., History, Humanity and Evolution: Essays for John C. Greene Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 375-401. ______ (1990) 'The Mind-Body Problem', in R. C. Olby et al., eds., Companion to the History of Modern Science Routledge, 1990, pp. 702-11. ______ (1992) 'The Vicissitudes of Transference and Countertransference: The Work of Harold Searles', J. Arbours Association, 9:24-58,1992. ______ (1992a) 'Science, Ideology and Donna Haraway', Sci. as Culture (no.15) 3:7-46. ______ (in press)) Darwins Metaphor and the Philosophy of Science, Science as Culture, (no. 16) 3(3). ______ (forthcoming) Mental Space. Free Association Books. ______ and Postle, D. (1981) Behaving Ourselves, television film in the series Crucible: Science in Society. Channel Four. ______ and Gold, M. (1982) A History of Nature, ibid. Address for corresp0ondence: 26 Freegrove R., London N7 9RQ © The Author \|\| Home \| What's new \| \| Psychoanalytic Writings \| Psychotherapy Service \| Email Forums and Groups \| Process Press \| Links \|\|	244,638
Flight Attendant Regains Her Balance Source Newsroom: House Research Institute Newswise — When fluctuating hearing loss, with frequent bouts of nausea and vertigo caused New York flight attendant Patricia Gilbert to miss several work shifts, she sought answers from the medical community. After seeing several doctors, she was no closer to a solution and their remedies did little to alleviate her symptoms. Finally an ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctor ran some tests, weighed her symptoms and gave her the diagnoses of Ménière’s disease, a balance disorder of the inner ear. The four main symptoms of Ménière’s disease are fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus or ringing in the ears, a sensation of fullness in the ear and multiple severe episodes of vertigo. Although Ménière’s is not a life-threatening disease, the symptoms can be debilitating and the treatment frustrating because the disease can prove to be highly variable between individuals. She had missed a lot of work already, and once she was diagnosed with Ménière’s and began medical treatment, she was permanently grounded. She couldn't take the risk that pressure changes during a flight might trigger an attack of acute, debilitating symptoms. "I'm passionate about world travel and I loved my work," says Patricia. "I always enjoyed being productive and I was good at my job. When I couldn't continue working in aviation, my sense of accomplishment was gone and I was devastated." When medications failed to help, Patricia's doctor suggested she consult with Dr. Antonio De la Cruz and his colleagues at the House Clinic in Los Angeles to explore other options. Since her career was on hold, Patricia decided to relocate from New York to California to be closer to her family, who happened to live in Los Angeles. Since she understood that there was no cure for Ménière’s, she was hesitant to visit another doctor. Serendipity stepped in. She met Dr. De la Cruz at a social gathering, and after learning from him that astronaut Alan Shepard had been surgically treated for Ménière’s and then gone back into space, she agreed to visit the House Clinic. Patricia decided to undergo an endolymphatic sac shunt surgery, the same treatment that Alan Shepard received. "I was so excited about this surgical treatment that I wanted to go straight from the operating room to the exercise room," says Patricia, “but I needed to wait until my system had time to adjust.” Her surgery has led to improved hearing and reduction of her symptoms, a definite improvement in her quality of life.	309,804
Why flexible working hours make employees more productive? Flexible working helps employers meet the changing needs of customers and staff. More job satisfaction, improved staff morale, engagement, motivation and commitment and reduced levels of sickness absence. … How long does flexible working last? The law outlines that employees have the right to make a flexible working request once they have worked for you for at least 26 weeks and can submit one request every 12 months. Any employee can make a request and they don’t need to outline why they want the change. How do I write a letter requesting change in work schedule? Dear Employer’s Name, I am writing this letter to request a change in my shift schedule. My current shift is from 2pm – 10pm. My daughter is beginning school on August 28th, and I would like to change my shift to the morning shift from 10am – 6pm. What are best working hours? But that’s okay. If you want to achieve the perfect blend of productivity, happiness, and time affluence, a more realistic goal is to work slightly below 40 hours per week. The research shows that even shaving an hour or two off of the standard 40-hour workweek can have huge benefits, both at work and at home. How do you implement flexible working? 10 things to do when implementing flexible working hours - Create a flexible working hours policy. - Document flexible working terms. - Guide your staff. - Assess your line managers support. - Communicate changes clearly. - Measure employee performance. - Listen to your people. - Flexibility is key. Why employers should offer flexible working? Offering flexible working strengthens employee loyalty to a company, meaning workers are more likely to stay in that role for a longer. If you allow your employees to work outside of normal operating hours, this can result in greater customer satisfaction! What is the meaning of flexible working hours? Flexible working hours refers to the schedule which allows employees to start and finish their workday when they want. This means that employees can come to work earlier or later than the set time. How do you negotiate flexible working? 6 Steps to Negotiating Flexible Work Arrangements - Research. If you hope to work at a particular company, start by perusing the company website to see if flex work arrangements are one of the company perquisites. - Have a strategy. - Acquire a problem-solving viewpoint. - Be flexible. How do you ask for flexible hours? be dated. state that it is a statutory request for flexible working. set out the working pattern you are asking for and the date on which you would like it to start. explain how the proposed change would affect your employer and colleagues and how you think any changes might be dealt with. Can an employer refuse flexible working? There are only limited reasons why your employer can refuse your statutory flexible working request. For example, because the business would be adversely affected. If you make a non-statutory request and your employer refuses, they don’t need to give you a reason. How do I tell my boss I want to work part-time? You can either say directly, “I’d like to meet with you later this week to discuss the possibility of me working part-time,” or you can be a bit vaguer, and say, “I’d like to discuss my schedule with XX Company” or “I’m interested in talking to you about flexible work options.” Here’s an example of an email asking to … Can I request to work less hours? Every employee, who has been employed for at least 26 weeks, has the legal right to ask to change their working hours. It is a right to request to change your hours, not a right to insist that they be changed. But the law requires your employer to consider your request and deal with it in a sensible way. Do employers have to give flexible working? All employees have the legal right to request flexible working – not just parents and carers. This is known as ‘making a statutory application’. Employees must have worked for the same employer for at least 26 weeks to be eligible. How do you propose a flexible work schedule? 6 Steps to Follow When Proposing a Flexible Work Arrangement - Find out how others got a flexible schedule. - Think about your professional and personal needs. - Think about how your employer will view your flexible schedule. - Propose your flexible work schedule. - Get adjusted to your new flexible work arrangement. What is the benefit of flexible working hours? Offering flexible working to employees can boost morale and improve their physical and mental well-being. When staff members work from home, they are likely to be less tired and better rested, reducing the risks of fatigue, burnout and stress that can be the result of a toxic workplace culture. How do you negotiate interview hours? Here’s How To Negotiate Flexible Work Hours - Read through your contract or the employee handbook. - Make a plan. - Lay out the benefits for your employer. - Talk to your supervisor. - Ask for a trial period. What impact will flexible work schedules have on employees commitment to their employers on employee productivity on company effectiveness? Employers Gain Commitment Giving up some control of work schedules gives increased employee morale, engagement, and commitment to the organization. The option also reduces employee turnover, absenteeism, and tardiness by allowing workers to flex hours around home and family obligations. Is flexible working a benefit? Flexible working can also reduce absence rates and allows employees to manage disability and long-term health conditions, as well as supporting their mental health and stress, as shown in our Health and wellbeing at work survey. Do flexible work hours improve employee productivity? Efficiencies introduced by flexible workers also benefit their team’s productivity leading to improved overall team effectiveness. organisation. Our interviews found that flexible working acts as a motivator for employees, such that they are more willing to work overtime, change work hours, take work home, etc. How can I negotiate better working hours? How to Negotiate Flexible Work Hours - Check in with yourself and contemplate your needs. - Write out a plan that answers any anticipated questions from your boss. - Schedule a meeting with your boss to talk about your proposal in person. - Suggest a trial period for your schedule. - Graciously navigate conversations with coworkers. How do you ask for change of work schedule? How to request a schedule change at work - Determine exactly what you’re requesting. - Understand what kind of request is appropriate and realistic for your company. - Schedule a meeting with your manager. - State your case. - Set clear expectations. - If approved, transition as professionally as possible.	39,736
February 2015, Bangkok: Chatrium Hotels & Residences recently joined a Low-carbon initiative, “Bike & Buddy”, organized by Thai Hotels Association and Green Leaf Foundation to promote the benefits of a low carbon society at Vachirabenjatas Park. The activity was organized under the principles of low-carbon environment, leisure & recreation, and keeping fit. Most bicycle boosters who took part in this activity were hotel associates and team members. These cyclists expressed their opinion that the participation in such an activity was very worthwhile. “We not only exercised our bodies, but also made the concept of a low-carbon society known to more people,” said Pariyarat Chunlakittiphan, Corporate Director of Human Resources, Chatrium Hotels & Residences. The activity is just one of many green activities that Chatrium Hotels & Residences is participating in and is also one of its “Think First Think Earth” programs in which Chatrium colleagues and volunteers work to improve the environment of local communities and make a better and more sustainable planet. It is one of green activity that Chatrium Hotels & Residences joined with Thai Hotels Association and Green Leaf Foundation in a green effort.	249,207
Micro Combined Heat and Power What is Micro CHP? Micro combined heat and power (Micro CHP) is the term used to describe the simultaneous production of domestic electricity and heat for individual homes. A boiler similar to a conventional gas boiler transmits heat and hot water throughout the property, but the micro CHP system also generates electricity. What are the benefits? Micro CHP could provide as much as 20% of the UK’s electricity supply, more than we currently get from nuclear power generation. Excess electricity can be fed back to the national grid, helping to reduce energy costs. This type of energy production converts waste gases into electricity, reducing emissions into the atmosphere and working more efficiently to produce power. How does it work? Natural gas is used by a boiler system to generate heat and electricity. Up to 80% of the energy generated is converted into heat and circulated within a hot water and central heating system, whilst up to 25% is converted to electricity. As little as 5% is lost in flue gases as opposed to 20% lost with a conventional boiler. The Community Sustainable Energy Programme (CSEP) is an open grants programme run by BRE, an award partner of the Big Lottery Fund. Part of the Fund's Changing Spaces programme, CSEP has been set up to help not-for-profit community based organisations in England to reduce their energy bills and environmental impact. Both capital and project development grants are available under this scheme. Capital grants are available for the purchase and installation of a range of low carbon technologies such as solar water heating, photovoltaics or wood fuelled boilers, along with various energy efficiency measures such as cavity wall insulation. Project Development Grants are available for feasibility studies. See http://www.communitysustainable.org.uk/ More information - Combined Heat & Power Association: www.chpa.co.uk	73,865
Thomas Braatz wrote (March 8, 2003): Bach’s audition composition was performed under Bach’s direction on February 7, 1723. The designated Sunday, Estomihi, is the last one before Lent, which is a period in which the congregation is to prepare itself for the time of Christ’s suffering. In BWV 22, in contrast to BWV 23, Bach tried to accommodate the listening public in Leipzig which was more accustomed to a more cheerful operatic treatment and to Kuhnau’s gentle melodies. The 1st chorus with fugue demonstrates simplicity of counterpoint of the type commonly found in Telemann’s compositions. This is rather unlike the real Bach. After a graceful tenor solo and the ‘vox Christi’ sung by the bass, there follows an easily understandable choral section, a rather simple 4-pt. composition. The remaining mvts. go deeper than the 1st mvt. Here the emphasis is placed upon the instrumental accompaniment which becomes more than simply an accompaniment as it takes on an independence that allows it to stand alone on its own merits. It is evident here that Bach really understood what he was doing. The unknown poet has taken from the Gospel for this last Sunday before the Passion (Luke 18:31-43) only the 1st and 4th vs. –Christ’s announcement to the disciples of His coming Passion; he unfortunately passes over the expressive series of pictures in the 2nd and 3rd vs. Following tradition, the bass gives out the words of Jesus in an arioso; the orchestra – strings and oboes – adds a symphonic accompaniment that is wonderfully expressive of the sorrow of Jesus and His inner firmness. The whole mvt. has a somewhat march-like character. The succeeding chorus, “Sie aber vernahmen der keines,” reproduces very effectively the mutual questionings of the disciples. The charming syncopated theme of the aria “Mein Jesu, ziehe mich nach dir” [“Jesus, draw me near to thee”] paints the picture suggested in the words –[1st 3 ms. of the oboe solo in mvt. 2]. The aria “Mein alles in allem, mein ewiges Gut” [“My all in all, my endless treasure,”] which is based on the ‘joy’ motive, is overpowering in the energy of its flight. The final chorale has a ravishing orchestral accompaniment. Themes of a syncopated style (Schweitzer sees mvt. 2 as an example of this), always embody the idea of something being drawn or dragged along. Regarding the choral section in mvt. 1, Whittaker states: A vocal fugue leads off supported only by continuo, the first five words being employed for the subject: (quotes opening bars of the fugue here.) The countersubject utilizes the next 3 words twice over. So far treatment is normal, but the free counterpoints make of the last 4 words dramatic ejaculations, “was’ being separated from ‘das’ by a rest and ‘das’ from ‘gesaget,’ ‘das,’ and ‘was’ usually being thrust on unaccented beats. The picture, therefore, is of turmoil and confusion, implying scorn at the lack of understanding of the disciples, and the setting of the text is an interesting example of Bach’s subtle methods of dealing with words. When the upper instruments enter they merely double the voices, but they increase the animation and lead to a forceful climax. The bass follows with a recitative (mvt. 3) accompanied by strings. Again we have the step motive, ‘laufen’ [‘run’] has a roulade, the penultimate word ‘Freuden’ [‘joys’] uses the step motive in elaborated form and the final bars are florid, violin I breaking into a short arabesque. A note affixed to a copy of the score prepared by Bach’s frequent copyist, Johann Andreas Kuhnau, states, “This is the audition composition for Leipzig.” From this one can conclude that Bach prepared 2 cantatas, just as Christoph Graupner, a few weeks earlier had done, one to be performed before the sermon (BWV 22) and the other after it (BWV 23.) There is even another performance documented by a printing of the text for Estomihi (February 20th) of the following year 1724. The text of this cantata, written by an unknown librettist, actually creates a unit (is completed by) the text of BWV 23 which treats the healing of the blind man. The text for BWV 22 treats the journey to Jerusalem. As if to provide a caption/title for the cantata, the librettist has the verses from Luke 18:31&34 precede everything. Here we learn of Christ’s announcement of his imminent suffering as well as the disciple’s inability to understand Christ’s message. The mvts. that follow attempt to place the focus upon the contemporary Christian who wishes now that Jesus would take him along on his path of suffering, so that he/she may better understand this event and find comfort in it. The Christian is compared with the disciples, who do not understand the need for Christ’s suffering, nor do they want to be part of it, although they do wish to partake of Christ’s transfiguration on Mt. Tabor. The libretto ends with the request to bring about desire and courage to renounce the way of the flesh, so that Jesus will be able to draw the deceased Christian after him. The final chorale is the 5th vs. of the chorale “Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn” by Elisabeth Creutziger (1524) allows the entire congregation to join in the request already stated. The 1st mvt. is bipartite. The 1st half, covering Luke 18:31, is introduced with an orchestral ritornello (oboe, strings, and bc.) The tenor begins as an evangelist as he reports: “Jesus nahm zu sich die Zwölfe und sprach:” [“Jesus took onto himself the twelve and spoke:”] whereupon the bass, as the ‘vox Christi’ announces his imminent suffering. The musical material presented by the bass is a ‘Vokaleinbau’ which repeats material already in the orchestral ritornello. Sometimes longer sections are repeated, at other times only parts thereof. The 1st section concludes with an instrumental ritornello. Then the report from the gospel continues: “Sie aber vernahmen der keines….” [“Neither knew they the things which were spoken…”] (Luke 18:34.) This is conveyed not by an evangelist, but rather by a choral fugue, at first only by solo voices and continuo, then increased to a tutti that adds the ripieno choir and colla parte instruments, after which a short instrumental postlude concludes the mvt. The 1st aria (mvt. 1) requires an obbligato oboe, which underlines by means of expressive gestures the requests indicated by the text. It is interesting to observe how Bach treats the words “ich will von hier und nach Jerusalem zu deinen Leiden gehn” [“I want to go from here and to Jerusalem where your suffering takes place.”] First Bach has a scale passage moving upwards, but then, on the word “Leiden” [“Suffering”] ms. 68, he uses a related (by the interval of a 3rd) C# major harmony above which movement of the oboe seems to be held up and unable to move forward properly. The 2nd aria (mvt. 4) is a dance-like mvt. for strings that is more reminiscent of the Cöthen period than of the Leipzig Bach. But there are two noteworthy passages: one is in the middle section (ms. 61-64: on “Friede” [“peace”] and the other on “ewiges” [“eternal”] (ms. 100-107) where the orchestral parts continue to move while the singer is holding a long note. Between both arias, there is a bass recitative accompanied by the strings (mvt. 3) which approaches an arioso because the vocal part has a lyrical declamation of the text and the bc is very actively accompanying the voice at the end. The final chorale is given a richer treatment than usual with an independent instrumental section in which the oboe + 1st violin dominate the m. with running 16th notes. Into this texture a plain 4-pt. chorale is embedded. Wolff/Koopman (“The World of the Bach Cantatas” - 1999): The type of chorale setting in mvt. 5 is very much like Graupner’s. Evident is a standardized repertoire of formulas for word painting: “wir gehen hinauf” [“we’re going up”] = upward moving passages; “ziehen” [“pull”] = extended note values; “laufen” [“run”] = many 32nd notes; “Niedrigkeit” [“lowliness”] = notes going down; and “Friede” [“peace”] = very long, tied note. Little & Jenne: The tenor aria (mvt. 4) is considered to be ‚minuet-like.’ Here are the characteristics of a minuet-like mvt. in Bach’s music: 1) Triple meter with one unequal beat per measure, usually 3/8 time signature, occasionally ¾ 2) Moderate affect, intimate, nonchalant; simple joy or peace 3) Moderate tempo 4) Balanced 4 & 4 phrases or multiples thereof – with extensions 5) Characteristic rhythmic patterns 6) Simple harmonies, usually 2 chord changes per measure In this tenor aria (mvt. 4), the tenor asks Jesus to transform our hearts and finally bring us in peace to heaven. The balanced phrases and moderate minuet temp showcase a highly ornamental 1st violin part as well as word painting in the vocal line – a sustained note (ms. 6-63) on the word “Friede” [“peace”] and descending and ascending passaggi on the words “ewiges Gut” (“eternal good.”]	92,062
Ctrl keys are important and possibly most frequently used in Emacs. However, it is painful on today’s common PC keyboards since Ctrl keys are usually in the corner of the keyboard main area. Why the key mappings in Emacs are designed like this? After it was designed, Emacs was commonly on the Lisp Machine keyboards with Ctrl keys closer to the space bar as show below (src). After the key mappings are used by the community, it is hard to change these most basic and common ones (see discussion here). In this post, I will discuss several solutions to make using Emacs non-painfully with the help of Emacs modes, key remappings in the OS or new keyboards. Table of Contents As also a Vim user, I like the Vim key mappings which keep my hands in the keyboard’s main area without moving much (one important tip is to use Ctrl-[ for Esc). The Evil mode of Emacs emulates a Vim-like environment for cursor moving, editing and etc. With the Evil mode, one has the power of Emacs with the hand-friendly key mappings. This is my most preferred way in Emacs although some consider it evil. For how to set up and use the Evil mode, check the page on EmacsWiki at http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/Evil . Changing the key positions Although the PC keyboards have the Alt keys around the Space bar, it is possible to change the mapping of keys on the keyboard. Below are several possible solutions on Linux. Several ones are for Gnome 3. You may need to use your desktop environment’s configuration options. - Swap alt and ctrl - Win as Alt and Ctrl/Alt as Ctrl - Win as Ctrl - Caps Lock as Control - Space bar as Ctrl or Space Use a ergonomic keyboard An ergonomic keyboard can make the life easier and can also be used together with above methods. There are many choices in the market at prices from 30 to several hundreds dollars. Here are ones on Amazon: Ergonomic keyboards on Amazon.	163,819
I recently got back from la Creuse in central France, where the annual local treasure hunt has been glossed by an insanely elaborate, cross-disciplinary polytext. The instructions for ‘Sherlock Holmes enquête à Boussac’ come on a double-sided sheet of A3 done up to look like an old newspaper, l’Eclaireur. About 15 square inches of it are taken up by the rules; the rest – six fat columns of newsprint (c.3300 words) – is devoted to explaining the game’s back story. Holmes and Watson have been summoned to the small Creusois town of Boussac by a painter friend, who has been tipped off by one of his more famous painter friends (Gauguin) that there’s buried treasure in the region. Gauguin’s mother Alina, daughter of the feminist Flora Tristan, lived with her partner for a time in a commune in Boussac along with the socialist thinker Pierre Leroux and George Sand. The paper doesn’t make it clear why the members of the commune decided to bury treasure one day, but they did, apparently, and the clues to its whereabouts are to be found in Sand’s Jeanne – ‘a novel Mrs Hudson would enjoy’, Watson chips in. On the train to Boussac, Watson summarises the story for Holmes: following her mother’s death, a beautiful young woman, Jeanne, is taken advantage of – but remains pure – by a series of nefarious individuals, including a group of rascally aristos and an evil aunt known as ‘La Grand Gothe’. Before she dies, Jeanne tells one of the more pleasant characters, Sir Arthur Harley, that there is treasure ‘in the earth’. The treasure isn’t gold and silver, however, but knowledge, which is worth as much as gold – ‘vaut de l’or’. Watson expects Holmes to be disappointed when he hears this, but Holmes has figured out what’s really going on: a cunning jeu de mot. ‘Vaut de l’or’ is an allusion to the local myth, mentioned by some peasants at the beginning of Jeanne, of the ‘veau d’or’ – a priceless golden calf buried somewhere in the countryside. To find the golden calf, or whatever it was that the socialists buried in lieu of a golden calf, or whatever the Boussac tourist office have buried – or pretended to bury – in lieu of what the socialists buried in lieu of a golden calf, participants in the treasure hunt have to apply magnifying glass and thinking-pipe to five places referred to in Jeanne: Boussac, Boussac-Bourg, Les Pierres Jaumâtres (a mysterious prehistoric stone monument), Saint-Pierre-le-Bost and Toulx-Sainte-Croix. In each of these places is a letter of the alphabet; put them together and you spell out the name of the treasure’s hiding place. Once you’ve worked that out, write it on the tear-off slip at the bottom of l’Eclaireur and return it to the Boussac tourist office by 30 September, and you could win a 150-euro ‘repas gastronomique’, which may or may not include blanquette de veau.	117,683
Monday, March 26, 2012 ROCHESTER, Minn. — Spring has only just arrived, but tick season is well under way. Physicians are seeing new cases of tick-borne illness several weeks earlier than usual, likely because a mild winter in much of the country made life easier for ticks and their offspring. That means it's time for gardeners, hikers, pet owners and others who spend time outdoors to take steps to protect themselves — and to watch for symptoms of tick-borne illness if they do come in contact with the tiny bloodsuckers. VIDEO ALERT: Video of Dr. Pritt and tick video and photos are available on the Mayo Clinic News Blog. "We've already started getting positives for tick-borne disease such as Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and babesiosis," says Bobbi Pritt, M.D., a Mayo Clinic microbiologist and director of the Clinical Parasitology and Virology Laboratories. That is a month or two earlier than normal for Minnesota and other states with unusually warm weather in recent months are likely seeing the same. Dr. Pritt says there are several things people can do to protect themselves from ticks. "The first thing is just tick avoidance — staying out of areas where ticks are going to be present: tall grasses, shrubs, leaf litter," Dr. Pritt says. "Also using insect repellant, such as DEET. You can also buy clothing that has been impregnated with pyrethroids, which is another type of insect repellant, and there are certain types of insect repellants for pets." Other countermeasures Dr. Pritt suggests: If you've been exposed to ticks, be alert for fever, headache and muscle pains, and if you experience them, see a physician and mention you've been exposed to ticks, Dr. Pritt says. A hallmark of Lyme disease is a bull's-eye-patterned rash. If you do not recall getting a tick bite but have been working outdoors or visited other tick habitats and develop such symptoms, it is important to tell your doctor, she says. One tick-related illness Dr. Pritt plans to keep special watch for this year is ehrlichiosis. She and other researchers in Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Centers for Disease Control announced last year they had found a new tick-borne bacterium causing ehrlichiosis in humans. "It's not very prevalent — it's not as common as Lyme, babesiosis and anaplasmosis, but now that we're aware of it we're detecting more cases, so we're going to keep a close eye on it and see if the numbers go up over the years, now that we know what to look for," Dr. Pritt says. Like many other tick-borne illnesses, symptoms of ehrlichiosis include headache, fever and muscle pains. To schedule an interview with Dr. Pritt, please contact Sharon Theimer at 507-284-5005 or firstname.lastname@example.org. Journalists can become a member of the Mayo Clinic News Network for the latest health, science and research news and access to video, audio, text and graphic elements that can be downloaded or embedded. Learn more about becoming a patient at Mayo Clinic in the Patient & Visitor Guide.	258,787
Antique creamware slip decorated egg cup by James MacIntyre (mark stamped into base, see Photos) whose factory was located in Burslem, Staffordshire. This egg cup is covered by a deep treacle brown glaze that has finely feathered white slipped flourishes. It also has a fine gold rim band as an added accent. English slip decorated egg cups more than 100 years old are very scarce today and those with a Staffordshire makers mark providing full provenance are truly an exception. This wonderful example is roughly 150 years old and has a rich molasses brown glaze (treacle glaze) that displays a sense of depth into which the finely feathered white slip descends. The clay is a deep cream colored more akin to early creamware of the pre1780 period than the mid 1800s. The rim has burnished gold leaf accenting it that is very reminiscent of gilded pearlwares from the1785 to 1815 period when many Staffordshire potteries copied the gold decorated Chinese export porcelain wares popularly known today as Nanking wares. The burnished gold on this egg cup is worn from age and use but there is enough present to realize that the table setting to which this cup once belonged must have looked elegant and regal. Below the gilt rim edge are two white slip bands each with a single very fine red enamel line hand painted in the center. The base has been lathe turned and the outer edge of the base has been trimmed and shaved dry before firing. There is an indent in the center of the base where it was held by the lathe. The white slip feathering is expertly applied and makes the egg cup look like it has mocha seaweed fronds rendered in reverse (rendered in white on dark treacle rather than the usual mocha dark brown added on white slip). The effect is visually appealing and there may not be another egg cup from this same set sill left today. And if that is not enough, this egg cup also has an impressed mark consisting of MACINTYRE stamped in a semi-oval on underside of the conical base. The mark is from James MacIntyre of Waterloo Road, Burslem, Staffordshire. MacIntyre is on the list of potteries published by Kelly & Co. in 1856. MacIntyre is not present on the 1854 Kelly listing, however the pottery was formerly known as Kennedy and MacIntyre in 1854 and 1855 and then Kennedy is also listed with a Waterloo Road address in 1854. MacIntyre is one of just a few dozen known makers of mocha and slip decorated wares that also stamped their name on their wares in the 1780 to 1860 period. Most potteries did not place their names on their wares, however the quality of this egg cup demonstrates why MacIntyre was proud of marking his products. In 1867, MacIntyre added an `& Co.' to his mark that was used up to 1894. Consequently, this egg cup dates from the 1856 to 1866 based on the mark. And if you peruse one of the collectors guides to egg cups, you will note that antique slip feathered mocha style creamware egg cup are among the rarest sought today and one with a makers mark is rarest of all. So if you collect decorated antique egg cups or simply admire rich treacle glazed slipware, then you may certainly want to purchase this example right now while it is still available especially since it may be a very long time before another one is ever offered on the Internet. Finally, this egg cup also comes with my full satisfaction guarantee or you may return it post marked by 7 days for a refund (see my full return policy details below). What major bricks & mortar auction house ever allows its buyers a return option? SIZE: This egg cup stands 2 3/8 inches tall, has a rim diameter of 1 13/16 inches and a base diameter of 1 5/8 inches. It is a perfectly formed pedestal shaped egg cup produced in Staffordshire over 140 years. CONDITION: This egg cup is in very good condition with no loss of any slip decoration and no rim or base chips. The only declarations are minor and include the loss of about 40% of the fine gilded rim band (see all photos) and two very tight parallel hairlines that extend less than 1 inch on the outside of the cup. The longer of the two hairlines shows up on the inside of the cup and can be seen in the photo. There are no other flaws or other declarations and no repairs or restoration. The cup exhibits very well especially under focused lighting and will capture attention in most any display setting. And if the buyer is not completely satisfied, then they may return the egg cup for a refund (see our full refund policy and service pledge for full details). SHIPPING: All US mainland buyers pay $8.80 for well packed and insured USPS Priority mail (insurance is already INCLUDED in this amount for all mainland US addresses only). That is a savings of $2 to $4 depending on where you live in the US. International buyers email address details for shipping options. International First Class Parcel shipping (limited to about 4 lbs total box weight) and some International Priority shipping do not provide any insurance and so the buyer will be asked to acknowledge and accept this risk or upgrade to a shipping option that also includes full insurance against loss or damage (ask me for a quote for insured shipping to your country). To date, we have shipped items to over 28 countries world wide and have had no items lost or damaged (all items are packed well) but this does not guarantee protection against any future mishandling. Docs Antiques never charges more than it actually costs to ship the item to you and we will refund any excess should you live near us. Please note that import duties, taxes and other charges are not included in the item price or shipping costs and these additional charges are the Buyer's responsibility. We do offer a petition for VAT relief on the behalf of the buyer which may help reduce certain import taxes should your country allow such petitions for items over 100 years old. Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to purchasing this item -- thanks. RETURN POLICY: Satisfaction and peace of mind are guaranteed for all Docs Antiques listings -- please refer directly to our Service Pledge and our Return Policy for full details. And if you are ever unhappy with your purchase, you may return it undamaged by sending it back post marked within ten days of receipt for a refund minus certain costs as specified in our shop's detailed return policy. Items damaged during shipping are covered by insurance and while this rarely happens because we always double box, we will gladly help you file your claim should it ever be necessary (to date, we have a perfect shipping record on Ruby Lane with no claims for damage or loss). Of course, never send an item back that was damaged by shipping since that will void the original insurance. Instead, contact us for help should the unthinkable ever happen. PAYMENT OPTIONS: Ask about our Lay-away program & terms if you want to spread your payments out over time. We accept checks on US Banks (must have 9 digit routing code; item ships after check fully clears), USPS money orders, PayPal or contact us with your verified address for more options. If you wish to use a credit card by way of PayPal, that option becomes available right after you submit a Ruby Lane purchase order (see Terms of Sale for additional information). Once submitted, a PayPal icon will appear at the bottom of this listing and then you may proceed from there if you wish to pay via PayPal. Or you can also ask me to send you a PayPal invoice if you prefer that approach, instead. Thanks for looking and do come back and visit again when you have the time. Docs Antiques has the lowest prices (apples to apples) or email us and we'll try to do even better! Docs Antiques offers specials every week with over 68% of our items DISCOUNTED for November, 2016.	53,392
Working with ipiccy! It’s a great way for artists or businesses to create ads for Facebook, Instagram and more! You can pick and choose either a collage or a single photo to enhance, add text, and many other things. Below I will show you how I made a simple Ad for one of my Online Classes. 2. Choose Collage or Make a Design – This one is a Design. 3. Next Choose your size of the image: I chose 1800 x 1200 image. 4. Next download your image ad adjust the size to fit your box. 5. Next you can add a text block – I choose the color white and expanded the size and used the Fade button to lighten so that you can still see the image behind. 6. Then I used the different fonts and typed in 3 separate Text boxes. 7. Finally, I clicked the top little disk to save my image onto my computer (make sure you pay attention to where it saves your file). Latest posts by Kellie Chasse (see all) - Winter Landscape on Elf Film Paper - January 19, 2021 - Autumn Play with Kellie Chasse (Grafix Substrates) - November 22, 2020 - Cell Phone Galaxy Poppers - September 24, 2020	218,670
By Benjamin Goad - 08/13/13 04:05 PM EDT The Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform law is making it harder for middle class families to buy homes, the chairman of the House Financial Services Committee charged Tuesday. Rep. Jeb Hensarling (R-Texas) blasted the 2010 law during a speech in Dallas, where he pitched housing legislation that would strip away regulations drawn up in response to the 2008 economic crisis. Hensarling pointed to recent congressional testimony from well-known economist Mark Zandi, who told the Financial Services Committee that just one of hundreds of regulations required by Dodd-Frank could raise mortgage interest rates by as much as 4 percent. He also cited analysis from the firm CoreLogic showing that roughly half of the mortgage loans being made under current rules would violate regulations set to take effect in January. “In other words, the Dodd-Frank Act could cut the number of mortgages in half and double the cost of those that remain,” Hensarling said. “It’s that bad.” Earlier this year, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau laid out a set of proposed regulations that would impose new “qualified mortgage” standards. The regulations are designed to ensure that lenders verify the finances of would-be homeowners and that borrowers have enough income and assets to repay their loan. But critics say they would unnecessarily limit the options of would-be homeowners and keep qualified borrowers out of the market. Hensarling touted the Protecting American Taxpayers and Homeowners (PATH) Act, which is designed to ease the regulatory burdens by striking provisions meant to hold lenders accountable for the loans they make and requiring mortgage to retain some of the risk. “The PATH Act addresses these devastating rules head on, getting Washington out of the way to allow banks to lend, builders to build, realtors to sell and home buyers to buy,” Hensarling said. The legislation would also wind down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac within five years and consolidate housing finance functions at the Federal Housing Administration.	162,803
We're A FamilyBy Rev. Vince Finnegan on 06/25/2006 We're A Family One of the great accomplishments that resulted from the work of Christ is the relationship the people of God have with God and each other. We are a family with God the Father, Jesus Christ our Lord and Brother, and many brothers and sisters. 1 Corinthians12:1-ff Our family is made up of many different individuals with a diversity of strengths and weaknesses. God has chosen each person as it pleased Him; therefore, we are to appreciate and accept each other. Matthew 12:46-50 Family loyalty, accepting one another, tolerance, and balance. We do not quit and find a new family because our feelings are hurt. God has committed Himself to each believer for eternity. How can we justify writing each other off? Ephesians 4:1-13 We must be diligent to preserve the unity of our family. We need to fight for one another; not fight with each other. We are all children who are in the maturing process. Galatians 6:1-10 In our family we help one another. We are not shocked because a brother or sister is struggling; rather, we roll up our sleeves and help. Paramount to our success is honesty and openness. We shun hypocrisy by being real. We have no need to put on a false pretense to impress the other members of our family; rather, we can be comfortable to reveal our weakness and sin so that we can get help. In our family we do not recoil from or reject others who are immature or stumbling, because we all do at times. We are not afraid of getting exposed because we are secure in the family relationship. Romans 14:1-23 The more mature help the less mature. We disciple each other, and in doing so we fulfill our Lord's command. 1 Corinthians 13:1-ff Love for God and each other is our bond. Hebrews 2:10-13 He is not ashamed to call us brethren, nor are we ashamed to call him Lord and Brother. We are also not ashamed to call each other brethren; rather, we are honored and proud to do so. << Back to Archive	144,107
The sounds a glider makes is many, and if you listen very closely, you can here the difference in them. Some are similar others are very distinctive.. My gliders name is Baybe Gizmo, as in the gremlins, if you listen very closely, and pay attention to them while they are making their sounds, you can almost hear them speak. It won't be hard to start putting words to their sounds. I will try to explain them the best I can... The names are direct links to the sound, so you can hear them as well. On some the volume has had to be increased as to make it clear as to what it sounds like. Some of these files are pretty big, so please be patient, as they are worth the wait. I wish to take this time to thank Ruth of Information Exchange for some of these sound files. BARK - this is an interesting sound, it sounds much like a puppy yipping.. The meaning of this is still unknown, you must pay attention closely as to what is going on around your glider at the time, also listen for any other noises, even faint ones in the distant. Some ideas as to what this means are.. PURR- This sounds very much like a tiny kittens purr. It is very faint and methodical. It is a sound of contentment, just as a kittens would be. This sound is also one that few people get a chance to hear. With it being so faint, unless the glider is very close to you, for example in your pocket or on your chest, the chances of being able to hear it, is based upon the trust that your glider and yourself has built between you. This sound, had to have the volume increased, the mic was placed directly on her and volume increased CRAB- This is their only defense, short of biting. This is an interesting sound, it sounds much like a locust at night.. graduating in pitch then decreasing. It is very loud and makes them sound like they are much bigger than they really are. When you hear this sound, freeze, don't pull back and don't move forward. The reasoning is simple. You want them to trust you, if they are making this sound, the trust is not there yet. If interpreted, this means "Leave me alone, I am scared to death" HISSING - This is yet another sound depending on where they are and what they are doing. So I will try to explain the best I can.. It sounds much like a snake that is hissing that is in labor.. very short and deliberate hisses.. This can be a sound of constipation, watch them while they make this sound, there are very distinct differences between this and other hissing sounds. If the tail is straight up in the air and they seem to be hunched over, chances are they are having a hard time going to the bathroom and this problem needs to be corrected. . This sounds very much like the one above but in slightly longer intervals, and has some slight differences in the pitches. this could be a sound of annoyance, basically they don't like something, This one has very long stretches.. I have heard this when one wants the other near to them.. they are long and drawn out.. You can actually hear the hissing going both on the inhale as well as the normal exhale.. Interpreted, this means "come here RIGHT NOW" This sounds much like a squirrel clicking , very short, very quick taps.. we usually hear this each morning when our male hears up come near the cage, we interpret it as " Good Morning" or "Hello, glad to see you.". CHIRP - This actually sounds like a gurbuling sound, most often, (but not limited to) heard while eating their fav foods.. this clip was turned up in volume, many times so as to get a good idea what the sound is. Definitely a content sound. CRYING - This is a sound most generally heard by joeys, or gliders that have just went into a new home and is crying for their mom and/or family. SINGING - Glider moms sing to their babies while they are still in the pouch, this is a very sweet and rhythmic sound, and you can definitely tell she is singing to them.. It sounds very much like a churble and changes in pitches and sounds. Much like our music, no two songs are the same. Each time I hear it, I know, and it is by far one of the sweetest sounds I have ever heard. Now, how to tell the difference, is to learn your gliders. Mating - Obviously, if you have a male and female together, that is of breeding age, they will do this. It is part of their mating ritual, and will be continuous for a long time. I know it drives me nuts, It is very common for people to believe that the males and females are fighting during this time. But it is all part of it. From the time you hear this sound, you can just about count your sixteen days, and have joeys in the pouch. Fighting - very common sound, BetsyCC calls this the "get your foot outta my face " sound. It is a sound of annoyance between 2 gliders. this sound if fussing or fighting, will not generally last for a continually long period of time. If you have just introduced a couple of gliders, and haven't made sure they get along, be sure you watch them closely, this sound could mean the death of one. It is also a sign of dominance. While two gliders are establishing their dominance.	199,814
potassium-sodium acid phosphate-oral K-Phos Related Diseases & Conditions Medications are used to manage a variety of conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments that the medication potassium-sodium acid phosphate-oral K-Phos may be used to treat or manage. Kidney stones are solid masses of crystalline material that form in the kidneys. Symptoms of kidney stones can include pain,...learn more » In This Article Kidney Stones Article - Kidney stone facts - What is a kidney stone? - Who is at risk for kidney stones? - What causes kidney stones? - What are the signs and symptoms of kidney stones? - How are kidney stones diagnosed? - What is the treatment for kidney stones? How long does it take to pass a kidney stone? - Can kidney stones be prevented? - What is the prognosis for kidney stones?	256,465
DOHA: The Dialysis Unit at Hamad Medical Corporation’s (HMC) Al Wakra Hospital is currently treating over thirty patients. The number of patients has gradually increased since it opened a year before, says a senior official. The unit operates six days a week with two shifts on three days to accommodate the number of patients coming to the dialysis unit and to provide suitable time options for patients who work during the morning. The unit has eighteen dialysis stations with the latest dialysis technology. The stations are also separated into different sections for men and women, providing patients with adequate privacy. Dr Ihab El Madhoun, Senior Consultant Nephrologist, Head of the Renal Unit at Al Wakra Hospital said: “Since the opening of the Dialysis Unit at Al Wakra Hospital, our unit has witnessed great progress in the service provided to patients. When we first opened the unit, we had only a few patients, but now there are over thirty patients with chronic kidney disease having regular dialysis through Al Wakra Hospital dialysis unit.” Dialysis is a lifesaving treatment for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease for removing excess water and waste products from the blood. It is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure. Patients who need dialysis are unable to filter waste products from the blood and if these waste products don’t get filtered from the blood, they can be poisonous to the body. Patients who need dialysis can be split into two groups: those suffering from chronic kidney disease or failure and those suffering from acute kidney disease. For patients with acute kidney injury, the condition can be reversible and the patient can make a full recovery after treatment. However, for those with chronic kidney disease or failure, a condition that often results from diabetes and high blood pressure, the problem usually isn’t reversible and the patient will require regular dialysis until a kidney transplant becomes available, explained Dr El Madhoun. Patients with chronic kidney disease usually require hemodialysis three times a week, explains Dr El Madhoun. He adds, “Each session takes around 4 hours and completing the sessions is an essential part of patients’ commitment to proper treatment. For this reason we aim to provide our patients with the most comforting environment during their treatment.” The unit has eighteen dialysis stations with the latest dialysis technology. The Peninsula	87,003
Since SARS cases began popping up early this year, scientists from all over the world have been searching hurriedly for a cause. According to the CDC, scientists had found a "previously unrecognized coronavirus in patients with SARS." This coronavirus was believed to be the leading contender in the list of possibilities. On April 16, 2003, WHO confirmed that theory. Thirteen laboratories have been urgently participating in the SARS investigation. In a recent WHO SARS update, Dr. Klaus Stohr stated: All the data have been put on the table, have been reviewed, and the colleagues have come to a consensus agreement. We can now say that the disease called SARS, which was first reported on 12 March, exactly five weeks ago, is being caused by the coronavirus. WHO will call this coronavirus SARS virus. Named for its distinguishing crown-like appearance, coronaviruses are commonly associated with upper-respiratory disease and have, on occasion, been connected to pneumonia. What makes this unusual is that in the previous cases of related pneumonia, many of the patients had weakened immune systems. Most SARS cases have been found in adults who were healthy prior to infection. And, while coronaviruses have been a known culprit in acute sickness among animals (such as dogs, cats and pigs), this has not been common among humans. Researchers have been investigating the possibility that this coronavirus jumped between species. This would not be the first time a disease has migrated from animal to man. All of these conditions were first evident in animals: Clinical research has also detected a paramyxovirus in specimens from patients infected with SARS. Among humans, viruses in this family cause conditions such as the mumps and measles. The presence of the paramyxovirus initially caused scientists to consider a double etiology. Perhaps SARS could be a result of the two viruses working together. Further research does not support this theory. However, it doesn't exclude the possibility that the presence of other viruses, like the paramyxovirus, could worsen a SARS patient's condition. According to Dr. Albert Osterhaus: The conclusion today, the people in the network agreed, that the coronavirus alone is capable of causing the typical symptoms. We cannot formally exclude that other agents, such as the human metapneumovirus, and the chlamydia that has been found in China, or a number of other viruses after you have this primary infection with the coronavirus, would eventually aggravate the situation. Now that the SARS virus has been identified, scientists can concentrate their research on developing tests to identify people infected with SARS and creating drugs to treat and cure the condition. For now, since there is no specific antiviral treatment, the most effective combatant is control. To curtail the spread of SARS, healthcare workers are adhering to strict safety procedures. But as we've seen, the condition has already spread around the world. Let's look at how SARS has managed to move from continent to continent.	148,796
Looking for the audiobook version of The Nonviolent Life? Click here. “How can we become people of nonviolence and help the world become more nonviolent? What does it mean to be a person of active nonviolence? How can we help build a global grassroots movement of nonviolence to disarm the world, relieve unjust human suffering, make a more just society and protect creation and all creatures? What is a nonviolent life?” These are the questions John Dear, Nobel Peace Prize nominee and Pace e Bene staff member poses in his latest book The Nonviolent Life. He focuses on three important aspects on the path toward becoming people of nonviolence – being nonviolent toward ourselves; being nonviolent to all others (including creation and creatures); and joining the global grassroots movement of nonviolence. After thirty years of preaching the Gospel of nonviolence John says he has never found a book that completely captures these crucial elements of nonviolent living. According to John, “most people pick one or two of these dimensions, but few do all three. To become a fully rounded, three dimensional person of nonviolence we need to do all three simultaneously.” In this book, John Dear explores the powerful journey of nonviolence rooted in the Christian vision of love. He also offers discussion questions throughout the book making it ideal for study groups seeking to go deeper into the nonviolent life. Order your copy today and journey with John along the path of the nonviolence. Published by Pace e Bene Press Read selected study group questions here. Read a book review here. For shipment to countries other than the U.S., Canada, U.K., Australia, and Ireland please contact our office to place your order: firstname.lastname@example.org John Dear is an internationally known voice for peace and nonviolence. He is a popular speaker, peacemaker, organizer, lecturer, retreat leader, and the author/editor of 30 books. John has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize after having participated in nonviolent campaigns for three decades resulting in over 75 arrests and more than a year of his life spent in jail. Read more about John Dear here. Purchase 5 or more copies of the print edition and receive 10% Off Purchase 5 or more copies and receive 10% Off	281,083
- Where We Work - Who We Are - Info & Tools Nine governments worldwide—Japan, the European Union, United States, Canada, China, South Korea, Mexico, Brazil, and India—have established or proposed fuel economy or greenhouse-gas emission standards for passenger vehicles and light-commercial vehicles/light trucks. The regulations in these markets, covering 80 percent of global passenger vehicle sales in 2013, influence the business decisions of major vehicle manufacturers around the world, and are among the most effective climate-change mitigation measures to have been implemented over the past decade. These governments have taken differing approaches to designing their regulations, using different drive cycles and vehicle certification test procedures. Converting the standard values—that is, the fuel efficiency mandates or emissions limits—between different regulations involves not just converting physical units but also accounting for the impacts of differences in test cycles. Since 2007, the ICCT has maintained a set of data tables, comparison charts, and a conversion tool as a ready reference to worldwide passenger vehicle fuel efficiency standards, with the aim of comparing the relative stringency of regulations as accurately and fairly as possible. The increasingly urgent need for effective policies on climate change mitigation and energy efficiency has only underscored the importance of accessible. reliable, and fair benchmarking across jurisdictions. In 2014 we comprehensively updated the methodology underlying those resources. See here for summary overview of those updates, and here for a detailed description of the methodology. The results are reflected in our library of comparison charts, and in the modified Excel-based conversion tool (links at right).	106,050
Masterpieces and Uncommon Commons XLIII This lot is closed for bidding. Bidding ended on 8/24/2012 Young’s fastball was the thing of legend. Noted for throwing a “heavy ball” that often bruised and broke the hands of catchers, stories of how catchers tried to protect themselves from the 511 game winner are among the best in sports history. In the era before thickly padded gloves, one of Young’s catchers would protect his catching hand by stuffing thick steaks inside his glove to provide added cushion. Now that’s a serious way to protect against the fastball. Click on a thumbnail above to display a larger image below Hold down the mouse button and slide side to side to see more thumbnails(if available). Click above for larger image.	204,963
Future forest road maintenance discussed Some changes may lie ahead about what agency is responsible for maintenance of roads in the Smokey Bear Ranger District of the Lincoln National Forest. The county now maintains 104.03 miles of roads on Forest Service land and ownership in some cases is foggy. Federal officials apparently are looking at an arrangement where the county would assume more responsibility, including old bridges and other related road structures, or turn over the job to the Forest Service, which may not perform as much maintenance. The county currently has a road maintenance agreement with the Forest Service that will expire in about six months. Christina Thompson, Recreation/Lands/Road staff, said the Forest Service and county signed a cooperative agreement for roads on March 1, 2012, that expires on the first day of March in 2017. A new agreement needs to be negotiated by that date, Lincoln County Planning Director Curt Temple said. Temple also serves as acting road supervisor, head of solid waste and flood plains manager. The county maintains many roads within the national forest and the county claims them on an annual mileage maintenance count submitted to the state Department of Transportation for the tabulation of money to be allocated for roadwork within the county from the state. The agreement states that certain roads under the jurisdiction of the county or the forest service that serve the national forest and also carry county traffic “should be maintained, and if necessary, improved to a standard adequate to accommodate safely and economically all traffic which uses such roads.” The agreement also deals with rights of way issues and financing of road projects. Temple said he recently met with Tim Carroll in engineering with the LNF supervisor’s office in Alamogordo and another service representative to look at the forest roads and four or five bridges in the Arabela area that run all the way to White Oaks. The bridges probably were built in the 1940s by the Works Progress Administration, he said. At the time, the route was an old mail road from Roswell to White Oaks through forest land, Temple said. “The county maintains (the roads) regularly, because a lot of our residents use the routes,” he said. “We keep them in pretty good shape. We put them on our road inventory. The state Department of Transportation says unless you have control of roads and they are public, they don’t want us to list it. The Forest Service says if we want to claim the roads (on the list), you do it all - roads, bridges and we sign it off.” Realistically, if the forest service takes over, its general contractor might get to the roads once or twice a year, Temple said. “But we have ranchers out there shipping cows from their allotments,” he said. If the roads aren’t bladed and routinely maintained and it rains, the roads could be reduced to twin tracks, he said. Accepting responsibility for the bridges could force the county to spend a lot of money on road maintenance and repair, if a bridge washes out, he said. Commissioner Lynn Willard broached the subject at a commission meeting late last month by noting that that Temple has been talking about a change in maintenance agreements where the forest service no longer will maintain any roads. Commissioner Dallas Draper previously asked about what entities are responsible for Bonito Lake Road that breaks off from New Mexico State Highway 37 and leads into the national forest to Bonito Lake, owned by the city of Alamogordo. Responsibility for maintenance and repair of that road continues to be a complex mosaic involving the county, the city of Alamogordo and the forest service. At the time of the meeting, Anthony Sanchez, fire management officer for the Smokey Bear Ranger District, was acting district ranger, but since then, Aaron Baldridge was appointed to the temporary position. A permanent replacement for Heather Noel is expected at the first of the year, Sanchez said. According to a court ruling, the forest road running past the old Parsons Hotel and over the ridge into Nogal is public, Sanchez said. The forest service handles its maintenance to where it ends at the Argentine trail head, while the county takes the road below. “It is a very interesting case to read,” County Manager Nita Taylor said. “(A portion of the forest road) was declared public (that ran past the old hotel owned by Arvel and Glenna Runnels). Arvel filed suit, because the forest service closed the road in winter. It was declared public.” Service engineers have looked at the Bonito Lake road, but must include it on the schedule, Sanchez said. The level of maintenance is tied to the classification of a road, he said. The current agreement lists five classifications from easements and special use permits; to roads primarily serving residential traffic with minor forest traffic; to roads with a mix of residential and other private traffic and forest administrative and user traffic; to roads primarily serving forest administrative and user traffic; to roads serving a few residents, but not needed or forest management or if need, high clearance maintenance is adequate. The only section for which the city of Alamogordo is responsible is around the bottom of Bonito Dam and into the Westlake Campground that also is owned by the city, Sanchez said. In a related issue, commissioners said they received a complaint about the condition of the Monjeau Lookout Road that the forest service maintains. Sanchez said the service’s engineer looked at it and another consultant is being called in for review. The service mostly contracts with private companies for road repair, but several roads are being evaluated for what maintenance is needed, Sanchez said. He reported that seasonal firefighters already have been released from the Smokey Bear Ranger District, but fire staff still may respond to fires in California. Essentially, he is down to a skeleton crew for the winter. They’ll use the time to execute prescribed burns around the Hale Lake, Cedar Creek and Grindstone Lake areas, Sanchez said.	108,444
It is predicted that as many as 4m people in the Americas could become infected with Zika virus this year. While the virus only causes mild symptoms in adults, it is suspected to have been behind a big increase in the number of babies born with abnormally small heads. The human cost of what is happening in Brazil is clear and undeniable. But with carnival and the Rio Olympics looming, what of the economic costs of the virus? To get a sense of how damaging Zika will be to the prosperity of these regions, we can compare its effects with those of other recent outbreaks. Points for comparison One useful point of comparison is the SARS outbreak that affected Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and China in 2003. In this case, the tourism industry took a hit. Measured over the year as a whole, the losses amounted to around 20% of total activity in the sector, for each of those four countries. This impact was heavily concentrated in March and April of that year, which is when awareness of the outbreak became widespread. The impact on hotels over this period was severe; in Singapore, for example, custom was down to about a third of the normal level. By early July, the WHO declared that the outbreak had been contained, and tourism activity rapidly bounced back. Brazil is one of the countries worst affected by the Zika virus, and tourism is an important component of Brazil’s economy. With the annual carnival coming up this month, and the country set to host the Olympic Games in August, we would expect tourism to amount to around 10% of GDP – a slight bump from its usual level of about 9%. A hit of 20% to tourism income – as happened with SARS – would be tantamount to a reduction of US$47 billion in GDP throughout the year. And of course, countries other than Brazil are affected too. But the Zika outbreak is dissimilar to SARS in a number of respects, so we can expect its impacts to play out differently. For one thing, there is currently no vaccine for Zika, and it may take as long as a year to develop one. So the impact may be longer lasting than was the case with SARS. If the outbreak lasts a year, the adverse effect on the region’s tourism could be considerable. There is another fact, however, which distinguishes Zika from SARS. Most infected people discern no symptoms. Since the big concern with Zika is linked to the possibility of birth defects, South America’s tourism industry could prove to be quite robust to the outbreak – with the exception of pregnant women and their families. This being the case, the negative impact on tourism may turn out to be much lower than with SARS. But there’s another worry: in the case of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the most serious costs were not down to tourism at all. The World Bank estimates that the countries worst affected by Ebola suffered a further fall of around 12% in GDP due to the direct impact of the outbreak on industrial production – a huge figure. There were around 29,000 cases of Ebola in the West African outbreak, and around 11,000 of these were fatal. But that accounts for only around 0.15% of the population. Rather, the highly infectious nature of the disease meant that wherever cases arose, there was considerable disruption to economic activity caused by the closure of workplaces. Zika is quite different. It is transmitted through mosquito bites and – other than through sexual contact – it cannot be transferred from human to human. So it’s highly unlikely that workplaces will need to close following any contact with the disease. As a result, the current Zika outbreak is unlikely to have a discernible effect on the output of South America’s production industries. At this stage, it is not yet known for sure how many cases of microcephaly can be attributed to the Zika virus. But as a precaution, pregnant women in affected areas should be protected against mosquito bites and if the link is finally confirmed, this will also cut the number of cases and limit the economic costs of the virus.	251,737
New bus to help expand jail work program The Workenders program will use the bus to drive work crews to nonprofit and public organizations that need help, Capt. Russ Steeber said. The bus should be on the road at the end of the month. The bus was purchased for $15,000 with money the sheriff's office received from the state for patrolling UW-Rock County, Steeber said. The 1999 model seats 32 adults. "It's actually a pretty decent bus," Steeber said. "It's got low mileage for its age. It's in good condition." Workers have helped with Southern Wisconsin AirFest, Rock River cleanup and other events, he said. The program is designed to save the county money by allowing offenders to work off their fines instead of locking them in jail. The bus will allow the Workenders program to expand and become more efficient, Steeber said. Currently, two correctional officers are required to drive two vans for one work crew, he said. The bus will allow one correctional officer to drive the entire work crew, saving time and manpower. Meanwhile, if needed, a second crew could go out with a correctional officer in a van on a separate project, Steeber said. Jean Nelson, a correctional officer, is among the five officers training to get a commercial driver's license to motor the bus. She's been training on an obstacle course set up with orange cones behind the Rock County Health Care Center on County F. She also practices by driving around the sheriff's office complex along Highway 14. "It's just big," Nelson said. "It's a lot to be responsible for because of the passengers." The officers have practiced backing the bus and backing in a curve, she said. They have slowly improved their driving skills and hope to take their road test soon. "It's just going to benefit us because we're going to be able to take out more numbers," Nelson said. "It's going to expand our numbers." Last updated: 11:48 am Thursday, December 13, 2012	240,913
Some of the rainbow trout that made a journey from Castalia to Mentor didn’t spend much time in Granger Pond at Lake Metroparks Veterans Park. Even as the 2,000 pounds of fish were being stocked by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife on March 26, fishing enthusiasts stood at the ready. Brandon James of Mentor said he has come for three years to the pond at 5730 Hopkins Road in Mentor. “They’re a pretty good size. I like to catch them,” he said. “The limit is five, so that makes a pretty good meal at the end of the day.” PHOTOS: Veterans Park Fish Stocking Tom Koritansky is the natural resource manager for Lake Metroparks. He said this program has been going on for many years as a way to allow fishing if people can’t make it out to the rivers and streams. The sun was shining that morning but the temperature was below freezing. “It’s actually better when the water is colder,” Koritansky said. “They are cold water fish and it’s less stress on them.” A special truck marked “Castalia Fish Hatchery” pulled into the park about 10:30 a.m. A large beige box on the back of the truck held the fish. Large hoses were attached to the box, through which the fish were released into the water. Jesse Lansing of Mentor brought for the first time his young daughters Josie, 10, and Sadie, 8, to the stocking, which has become an event among fishers. The girls are members of the Lake Metroparks Kids Fishing Club. “You get to learn a whole lot of stuff,” Sadie said. She said they learn how to tie flies for fly fishing and other skills, which she put to use on the dock. The three were successful in catching multiple fish and Jesse said he was planning on cleaning and freezing them for future meals. Sadie and Jose had all the right tools and knew exactly what to do once the fish were caught. “Trout is good grilled,” he said. Lt. Mark Reid of the Lake Metroparks Ranger Department said a permit is not required to fish at Veterans Park, only a fishing license if fishers are over the age of 16. The park is open 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. A fishing report can be found at www.lakemetroparks.com/fishingreport.	21,315
There is an interesting post at ‘Whose Shoes?’ which looks at resilience and aging as well as the process of Dementia Research. The risk of urinary tract infections was found to be increased 29 fold in relapse of Schizophrenia compared to healthy controls in this study http://ow.ly/jL11G Dr Oliver Sacks has published a paper in Brain describing a variation of musical hallucinations. In this form of musical hallucinations people see the musical score. 50 cases of Delusional Infestation are covered in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry. There is a British Journal of Psychiatry paper on anti-stigma training for medical students here. Researchers have found evidence that Oligodendrocytes may play a role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. This paper looks at the effect of language on the influence of Psychiatry articles Apathy (measured using the apathy evaluation scale) in people with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment was associated with reduced daytime activity (measured using a wrist-worn actigraph) in this study. Smokers genes – the evidence from a 4 decade study. Source memory was unimpaired in people with Parkinson’s Disease compared to an older adult control group in this study although there was an impairment in executive function in the former group (in keeping with previous research). Several DNA regions have been identified in a Genome Wide Association study which may play a role in Alzheimer’s Disease (one of which is associated with Tau and Amyloid-Beta). In this study there wasn’t found to be a difference in Hippocampal volume between people with Alzheimer’s Disease and behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia. The researchers suggest Hippocampal sclerosis in the latter group may account for this finding. Researchers in this meta-analysis found a small but significant relationship between Amyloid Beta load and cognition. A new rating scale for the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia – the CAINS is covered in this piece. This systematic review did not show evidence of impaired social cognition in people with Bulimia Nervosa in the studies examined. Increased risk of Stroke estimated with the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile was associated with reduced cognitive performance in several areas in this study. Previous research shows the relationship between cognition and vascular risk factors and this study supports this evidence. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) showed evidence of altered activity in the Default Mode Network in people with Vascular Cognitive Impairment Non Dementia in this study. There is a tour by the Chinese American Psychoanalytic Alliance (CAPA) in China in 2013 http://bit.ly/ZlL6HB Research Digest Psychology links from the past week. Dr Guadagno discusses internet memes that go viral in terms of a theory of emotional contagion in this post. Mo Costandi covers the decoding of dreams in this piece. Does chewing speed up cognitive processing? http://dlvr.it/3BXlLW There is an interesting article in Time which looks at the ‘Temporal Doppler Effect‘ whereby memories of past events seem further away than anticipated but equidistant events in the future. Neuroscience in Fiction is discussed in this post at Scientific American http://bit.ly/12sbYCy Evidence for how children might learn scientific thinking from their parents. This study looks at traumatic brain injury and CSF alpha-synuclein positing a possible relationship which merits further research. The Retrosplenial Cortex and long term memory. Vitamin P and neuronal damage are examined in this study. A possible role for microsaccades. There is a new PubChem interface for researchers to upload chemical structures (relevant to researchers in genetics and biochemistry etc) http://1.usa.gov/10Fl8c7 There is a discussion of interesting research suggesting that when teachers use hand gestures they are more effective at teaching maths to students – this is discussed at National Geographic http://dlvr.it/3BRxnK. How to get from a dissertation to a book in 12 steps is covered in this piece Is good science related to a clear methodology? http://ow.ly/jNVIU Seven tips for efficient teaching. What is a syllabus? A DNA study links groups in Polynesia and Brazil and sheds light on possible early migration routes. Professor Pigliucci asks if culture is an evolutionary process in this post. De-extinction is covered in this post. Sniffing may act as a form of communication in some species with supporting evidence from this study. Neandertal findings in Kalamakia suggest this may have been an early point of contact with humans. There are a few interesting articles from the blogosphere on the nature of consciousness Introduction to Consciousness http://ow.ly/jNW2z Consciousness of the Future at the TSC http://ow.ly/jNW2t In Search of the Mind: An Introduction to the Hard Problem of Consciousness – Part one http://ow.ly/jNW47 In Search of the Mind: An Introduction to the Hard Problem of Consciousness – Part Two http://ow.ly/jNW2a Insights into Conciousness – Give Phenomenology a Chance Daniel Bohr: Notes from a consciousness conference – Part 1: Hypnosis & Magic Notes from a consciousness conference – Part 2: The neural symphony of consciousness fading The borders surrounding our conscious world (Notes from a Consciousness Conference Pt 3) 3D printing materials which function like living tissues have been produced using a 3D printer Researchers at Vienna University have created a virtual reality maze of unlimited size but which can be navigated within a single room (in the real world). The maze is generated as the person walks through the virtual world while maintaining firm boundaries with the confines of the real world room that the person is in (meaning that they won’t walk into real walls). There is a video at the New Scientist website which illustrates the virtual maze in action. There are many potential research applications of this technology. A new research study suggests that there are now 7 social classes in Britain. NHS Choices have a very helpful look at recent research looking at the benefits of walking http://bit.ly/YAB2HU This study looks at how lifestyle in adulthood influences loss of height with age. Index: There are indices for the TAWOP site here and here Twitter: You can follow ‘The Amazing World of Psychiatry’ Twitter by clicking on this link. Podcast: You can listen to this post on Odiogo by clicking on this link (there may be a small delay between publishing of the blog article and the availability of the podcast). It is available for a limited period. TAWOP Channel: You can follow the TAWOP Channel on YouTube by clicking on this link. Responses: If you have any comments, you can leave them below or alternatively e-mail email@example.com. Disclaimer: The comments made here represent the opinions of the author and do not represent the profession or any body/organisation. The comments made here are not meant as a source of medical advice and those seeking medical advice are advised to consult with their own doctor. The author is not responsible for the contents of any external sites that are linked to in this blog.	127,947
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia “Hasta la vista, baby.” “What da FUCK, are you, DOING?!?!” After completing the filming in 1867, Arnold went forward through time to the year from which he left, 1984. He sneaked a camera into the Academy Awards and filmed himself accepting the award for "Best Use of Time Travel in a Motion Picture". He then went back in time to 1867, leaving a small piece of the movie with young inventor Thomas Edison. Edison figured out how to make a viewer for the film, and showed the short clip, (which he entitled "Foreigner Wins Award") to friends and wealthy patrons who were amazed at the moving pictures dancing on screen. Schwarzenegger then went forward in time to 1984, and released his completed film. Historians everywhere recognized the final scene in the movie as the most famous piece of film ever, "Foreigner Wins Award," and scientists warned the Academy Award voters that if they didn't vote for this movie, then they would mess with the space-time vacuum cleaner some super freaky stuff could go down. Sadly, they didn't heed his advice and Arnold wreaked his vengeance by becoming the governator of California. Some say the term "Terminator" comes from European movies featuring "Ator", a Mongol character. The name was distorted through their accent to become what it is today. The term "Term" actually means monkey trousers. edit Mommy, what's a terminator? invented mastered and subsequently mastered invented time travel, do so often. Sometimes, they attempt to wipe out the future leaders of the human resistance, or try to impregnate unsuspecting widows with their bio-mechanical sperm, but they usually just drink heavily at the local bar and bitch about the future to whoever will listen. The future, according to terminators, is a daft place where there are very few humans left to exterminate. Terminators have a penchant for well-aged scotch, but every once in a while you may spot one drinking a Cosmopolitan. edit Mommy, who is the most famous terminator of them all? The most famous terminator of them all was John Paul 2.0, sent back in time to kill Pope John Paul to ensure the future construction of John Paul 2.0. John Paul 2.0 was surprised to find John Paul already dead from massive organ failure, and dismayed to learn that it would take days to choose a new pope. In fact, when it dawned on John Paul 2.0 that no one was building a second John Paul to replace the original, he malfunctioned and terminated the Dalai Lama instead, much to the delight of the official Dalai Lama Haters Club Local 143, based in Chicago, Illinois. edit Mommy, can a Terminator be bargained with, feel pain or mercy, and will it stop before you die? It can't be bargained with! It can't be reasoned with! It doesn't feel pity, or remorse, or fear! And it absolutely WILL NOT stop, EVER, until you are dead! Unless you crush it in a big hydraulic press to avenge my death and save your own life, hint-hint, you silly boy. Anyway, you must then get yourself committed to a mental institute and then somehow smuggle some awesome hacking technology across a major plot hole to your possibly teenage son, who will then use it to steal money so he can spend it on arcade games before busting your ass out of the place while another Terminator (who is a good guy now - did I mention that) repeats the lines of the father of your son who died before you crushed the first Terminator in the last paragraph, helps him. Finally, to kill a Terminator again, because it still can't be bargained or reasoned with, but actually feels pity, you must lower it into a blast furnace. edit Variants of the Terminator - TI-82 Calculator: Although the TI-82 did not have, limbs, a face, or even bones, it never the less featured 96×64 glowing red pixels, and four nuclear fusion cells; making it a formidable opponent on the battlefield. Features included: scientific notation, hollow point arithmetic, logarithmic functions, (using all your base), Trichomoniasis functions (including Hyperbolic flirtations), quick access to constants such as pork pi. - T-800 Infiltrator: Perhaps the most famous Terminator in the series. In fact, Arnold Schwarzenegger was a T-800 before being upgraded to a T-850. This one had actual human flesh synthetically grown by Skynet. This new flesh can actually bleed, sweat, & bruise realistically. It also has some organs that resemble actual human organs, even an overgrown fully functional tongue. This Terminator can also heal at a much faster rate than humans & can even eat to preserve its flesh (though less than humans)! It is thus far the most intelligent of the Infiltrator model Terminators, & can live for 120 years on its primary power source. It can punch through steel walls, is highly durable, has excellent audio/visual senses, & can even see in the dark. There was also a prototype T-800 with a smaller physique to emulate women. However, despite it all, the resistance eventually managed to learn to reprogram them & turn them against Skynet, even sending a couple back in time to help the resistance. - T-850 Infiltrator: Same as the T-800, only more durable, & powered by twin hydrogen fuel cells. Arnold Schwarzenegger was upgraded to one of these for the movie Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines. However, the hydrogen fuel cells proved to be a tad unstable, & exploded when struck pretty hard. This terminator is also the first with capability for political prowess. - T-900 Destroyer: In order to counter T-800s that had been hacked by the resistance to fight Skynet, Skynet developed this new Terminator. Its skeleton mimics the contours of the human body, but it has never been encountered disguised as a human (though it has the potential to be such). It is stronger, faster, & more durable than the T-800 & 850. However, it is kinda vulnerable in the crotch area, & it's estimated that these have come a little too late to stop Skynet from being destroyed. - T-1000 Super Infiltrator/Combat Prototype: Unlike the previous Terminators, it is made of a mimemetic poly-alloy (liquid metal), has a mind of its own, & is heavily loyal to Skynet. Because of its liquid metal state, it can change its shape into objects of its own size, disguise itself as other people, slip through cracks in walls or floors, even reform itself after suffering damage from conventional weapons. Also, it could change its arms into stabbing weapons. However, despite it all, it does suffer from a few drawbacks. First of all, it has problems with changing into smaller or larger objects. Also, it can't change into anything with chemicals or complex moving parts (i.e., cars, guns, bombs, computers, a pair of roller blades etc...) And furthermore, it can be killed by extreme cold or heat (such as falling into molten steel or a pool of liquid nitrogen). - T-X Female Super Infiltrator: The first female Terminator in the series. It is also the hottest of all the Terminators. It combines some features of the T-800/850 & T-1000 Terminators long with some of its own features; thus making it an efficient, & highly lethal killing machine. As well as a conventional cyborg skeleton, it features a liquid metal skin that allows it to change into any person like the T-1000. However, unlike the T-1000, it cannot change into inanimate objects or slip through cracks. It features amazing agility & strength, especially in the bed & can even survive a hit from a conventional explosive weapon. Also included are an array of built-in weapons such as a heavy plasma cannon, flamethrower, machine gun, buzzsaw, etc... Apart from that, it can also hack into & control any piece of electronic and/or mechanical equipment. However despite its nigh-invincibility, it does have a couple of weaknesses. Like the T-1000, it can be killed by falling into lava or other molten liquids. Furthermore, it can be killed by nuclear-based weaponry. It can also be killed by excessive pressure on it, but it needs to be a lot of pressure. The T-X is well known for its ability to increase its breast size from a B cup to an M cup in mere seconds upon looking at a pornographic billboard. Though its main drawback was the fact, that, like any other woman, when a guy dumps them, they eat a bucket of icecream and get fat. - T-1000000 Core Defense Unit (also known as the T-Meg): Only one of these was ever made, & few have lived to tell about it. It was made for the sole purpose of defending Skynet's Central Core. It's made of the same liquid metal substance as the T-1000, but it cannot morph into people or inanimate objects. Unlike most of the other Terminators, its shape is similar to a giant spider, & each of its multiple arms can transform into stabbing weapons like the T-1000. However, being of the same composition as the T-1000, it shares the same weaknesses. Also, it is never deployed far from the Central Core, so it might be linked to it somehow, and it might also be defeated if the Central Core was destroyed. - Ti-89 Mobile Infiltration Device: Designed by Cyberdyne as what was to be the pinnacle of their Terminator series, it was taken into the past by a *T-850 Infiltrator and sold to the newly formed Texas Instruments. It featured benchmark artificial intelligence that allowed it to observe massive amounts of information, while observing strict silence and not interacting with its environment. Commonly used by high school and college students to play games like Tetris and Uncle Wyrm during school. It may seem harmless, but it's watching you... - T-69 Penetrator (Cbot/Cerminator): This unit was made to be employed if global war was ever to be decided in a contest of producing abilities. It has 37 different sized and shaped penetration attachments. It comes standard with seven sodomy acceptance points (SSPs), and can say many phrases such as "Oh Bot" in over 11,000 languages. It's range is variable between .0003 and 33.47 billion strokes per minute. - Marcus Wright: Marcus Wright was a murderer, rapist, and downloader of illegal pirate copies. He was to be killed, but before a bald woman had time to execute him, SkyNet decided to take him and accomplish his final wish: To become a terminator. He is basically like any other terminator, with a futuristic looking robot body, SkyNet who usually hates humans, decided to keep what it hates the most; the brain and the heart. They had to put a heart in him too, because not even the amazing SkyNet who can send Austrian cyborgs back in time could manage to create a artificial heart that actually works for more than 8 seconds. After approximately a week of not eating, taking a dump, breathing, feeling pain, or seeing things of other colours than red, Marcus finally found out he wasn't really a human anymore as John Connor personally decided to tear the skin of his chest, just to his horror realize he didn't just mutilate another human being. - Cameron Phllips (TOK-715): Was sent back in time for two purposes: first, to protect John Connor, and second, to keep him entertained in those lonely teen years, wink-wink =). TOK-715 mean Terminator OK at 7:15 AM or PM - TIT-10000 Played by the Philop (an out of work Star Wars character. Bearing a similar name to Cameron Phillips is the only real thing known about this TIT model. He is thought to be related to the well known full-time impersonator of Vin Diesel, Dave Jelley-Belly. - Darth Vader (T-HX): Only 1 built, an attempt to add machine to man, despite it's skill with The Force and lightsabers.	41,317
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) - Arkansas got a new lethal injection law this week, but court challenges will likely block the state from resuming executions anytime soon. The attorney general's office expects some of Arkansas' 37 death row inmates to challenge the new law that revises another law the state Supreme Court struck down last year. No new legal challenges had surfaced by Friday - two days after Gov. Mike Beebe signed the new execution legislation. No new execution dates have been set either, meaning the state doesn't have any pending executions. The new law spells out in greater detail the procedures the state must follow in carrying out executions. It says the state must use a lethal dose of a barbiturate, but leaves it up to Department of Correction to determine which one. (Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)	235,804
Putting SPELL into action: the results These recommendations for public libraries and other organizations that serve parents of children birth through three are based on research findings from both phases of the SPELL project. It is not possible to incorporate all of the recommendations at one time; consider selecting a few items from the In Your Organization section and the Reaching Out section to begin with, or focus on incorporating the suggestions in one of the main headings in both of those two sections. Use the recommendations to inform your existing programs and services, as well as to incorporate into planning for new ones. Each of the eight Colorado public libraries partnering in the SPELL project created a prototype based on research findings from the original SPELL project. Each prototype reflects partnerships, outreach and promotional methods, and early literacy messaging designed for effectiveness in specific communities. These case study narratives detail the community, library, and partnerships of each prototype, along with its activities, lessons learned, and impact. An infographic of each prototype is available as well for a visual overview. Case study narratives This toolkit is designed for public libraries and other organizations interested in working with community partners to plan and offer early literacy programs and services to low-income parents of children birth to three years old. The first section of this toolkit introduces you to the SPELL research projects, including the research and testing phases of this two-part grant and the SPELL Blueprint, a set of recommendations based on research results. Next, you will be introduced to the eight Colorado libraries that tested the findings of the SPELL researchers. Worksheets throughout the document help you utilize the research findings and tested examples to plan your own programs. Based on research in library literature and SPELL findings, as well as experiences of libraries in Colorado, the Colorado State Library presents this white paper to recommend that public library administrators and governing bodies eliminate library fines, and reconsider fees for lost or damaged items, on children's materials, and other items as deemed appropriate for local service. Staff at the Colorado State Library's Library Research Service created surveys for parents participating in the prototypes at the 8 SPELL partner libraries to complete. Staff at the 8 libraries asked parents participating in ongoing, multiple-session programs to complete the pre- and post-surveys. They administered the one-time surveys for stand-alone programs and events. Pre- and Post-Survey Template One-Time Survey Template SPELL: The original Research As part of the SPELL Project, the Colorado State Library researched best practices in reaching low-income parents of children birth through three with early literacy awareness and training. In addition to researching organizations nationally, we also sent out a survey on several listservs over a two-week period to learn about examples of practices, programs and partnerships with other agencies that have been found to be successful (or not successful) in engaging and supporting parents in their role in building early literacy. We reviewed peer-reviewed articles, books, conference proceedings and other literature to learn about successful and not so successful ways of reaching low-income parents in an effort to positively change their behavior. Surveys and Focus Groups In the third study phase, we surveyed parents of young children that use libraries in four low-income communities across the state to ascertain their patterns of and barriers to library use, methods of information gathering on parenting, early literacy knowledge and practice, and demographic information. For our last phase of research, the SPELL team conducted focus groups with low-income parents of children ages birth through three for our final research phase. Using a protocol designed from the information learned in the first three phases, five focus groups were conducted in the same four communities in which we surveyed parents. See our research methodologies and findings, including the survey and focus group protocol administered, in our research report. You may also wish to view our webinar archive or slides from December 12, 2013, in which we discussed these findings; please go to the Webinars page on this website for more on that online presentation.	15,571
S, serosa; A, amnion; E, ectoderm; N, rudiment of nerveof the oral piece. Or " vertex," the compound eyes and the front divisions of the genae are formed by the cephalic lobes of the embryo (belonging membrane analogous to the amnion of higher Vertebrates andto the ocular segment), while the mandibular and maxillary segments known by the same term. Wheeler, the amnion is ruptured and turned back from covering the germ band, enclosing the yolk dorsally and becoming finally absorbed, as the ectoderm of the germ band itself spreads to form the dorsal wall. In some midges and in caddis-flies the serosa becomes ruptured and absorbed, while the germ band, still clothed with the amnion, grows around the yolk. In moths and certain saw-flies there is no rupture of the membranes; the Russian zoologists Tichomirov and Kovalevsky have described the growth of both amnion and embryonic ectoderm around the yolk, the embryo being thus completely enclosed until hatching time by both amnion and serosa. Von Baer in 1828, 5 Muller calls the attention of naturalists to the important fact, that while all the Squamata possess an amnion and an allantois, these structures are absent in the embryos of all the Nuda. They are separated from fishes and batrachians (Pisces and Batrachians) on the one hand, and agree with reptiles, and birds (Reptilia and A y es) on the other, in the possession during intra-uterine life of the membranous vascular structures respectively known as the amnion and the allantois, and likewise in the absence at this or any other period of external gills.	129,301
Real Madrid is a non mercantile sports association owned by the members of the club. Most other Spanish clubs (with the notable exception of FC Barcelona) are SADs (sociedad anonima deportiva) a kind of limited companies which are governed and regulated by a special set of laws accruing to the world of sports. So in the case of Real Madrid the club does not risk any take overs or being sold to a foreign billionaire. The main objective of the club to provide a great sporting experience for the fans means that it is not necessarily run with an ambition of maximizing profits as most companies usually whether they be public or privately held. But the budget does have to be passed at the yearly assembly where the club members gather to vote on such issues as who should be the President and to approve or reject the budget. Real Madrid’s finances are audited by Ernst and Young. Another consultancy Deloitte and Touche publishes a richlist over the richest clubs in the world of soccer every year in February / March. Real Madrid has been on top of that list for 5 or 6 consecutive years. The list looks at revenues but not at profits or other measures. There are primarily 3 revenues streams for football clubs: sponsor deals (including merchandising), TV , stadium receipts. A look at the development in revenues for Real Madrid will explain why Real Madrid is number 1. Over the past 10 years the club has managed to grow its’ revenues on average with 26% well above the average of most companies listed on the Madrid stock exchange. In parenthesis the main lift between each year according to revenue stream. For the season 1999/2000 the club had revenues in Euros of 118 million. 2000/01: 138 million (sponsorships) 2001/02: 152 million (stadium) 2002/03: 193 million (sponsorships) 2003/04: 236 million (sponsorships + TV) 2004/05: 276 million (sponsoships) 2005/06: 292 million (TV) 2006/07: 351 million (TV – sponsorships) 2007/08: 366 million (stadium) 2008/09: 407 million (sponsorships) 2009/10: (estimated) 422 million (yet to be decided) As can be seen from the numbers above the Real Madrid has been able to grow its’ revenues substantially over all 3 revenue streams though it does vary from year to year where the growth has come from. In the case of the stadium receipts these have been increased when major rounds of renovation of the Bernabeu stadium have been concluded. Thereby the number of corporate seats has been increased and the overall facilities have been increased as well meaning that it has been possible to raise the ticket prices. In the case of TV revenues they increase in value every time one contract expires and a new deal is negociated. So there is a time lapse between the periods of growth according to the length of any previous contact. The one revenue stream with the most flexibility is the sponsorship category. This revenue stream depends on the contracts negotiated with athletic apparel sponsor – shirt sponsor + a number of other sponsor who wish to associate their brands with the brand of Real Madrid. One example is Audi which supplies cars to Real Madrid’s first and second team. All revenue steams depend on on the field performance as well as the personal brands of the players in the squad. But even though Real Madrid’s results have not always been stellar the club has managed to continue to grow revenue across all revenue streams and to add value to its’ brand. To see the Real Madrid financial statement click on the following link… The report is in Spanish: Real Madrid finances Later we will take a closer look at where the revenues come from and how the income is spent… To be continued….. Possibly Related Posts: - Real Madrid name and number kit girl the looks - Real Madrid jersey 12/13 name kit & the girl - Real Madrid jersey 12/13 sitting down - Real Madrid jersey 12/13 – cool machine! - Real Madrid girl \| The Machine	194,968
Victor was a real Expert, he quickly went to work and responded to each question asked as it pertained to what needed to be carried out to my vechile. Take out the voltage regulator by initially eradicating the screw from the bottom brush assembly. Remove the screw that holds the guide in the grounding screw. I would make them recheck the fuel pump they put in. Sounds like a difficulty with fuel circulation nevertheless. Could continue to be associated with that. Usually an alternator only needs bearings, brushes and possibly diodes and regulator. Many people rebuilding an alternator change all of these. In case you haven't rebuilt a single or served anyone rebuild one particular it could be a little bit trickey. VOLTAGE REGULATOR: supplies recent towards the rotor industry coil by way of the brushes and slip rings. It differs this recent to manage the alternator output. Most vehicle alternators nowadays possess the regulator inside of them, named "internally controlled". Reply 1 . IF You must question this query, then The solution must be, "You can not resolve it.!". Modern day alternators are precision electromechanical gadgets, which require specialized tools, test machines, and know-how to be able to repair [actually, when opened up, it is best to try and do a complete rebuild].. It could be much simpler, and possibly Considerably cheaper, to simply trade inside your previous alternator over a remanufactured one.. A phrase of warning, alternators are expensive, and you should be specified that it is defective BEFORE you switch or try and repair it. This really is way too vague one.are you getting electricity any where? With out being there there are actually numerous possiblities towards your query. If you do not have The cash for your technician to repair it(hundereds of dollars) You may get either a chilton's or haynes guide electrical Model and troubleshooting for your vehicle at auto zone or perhaps the like for about 10 pounds. Get that slim it down and write-up again.very good luck Once you floor the tab the motor really should idle down because it comes underneath load, so you shouldn't even have to look at your voltmeter to determine if bypassing the regulator created the alternator cost. STATOR: It suits concerning The 2 halves from the alternator With all the rotor spinning in the middle of it. The stator has multiple poles wound with copper wire. The poles are in teams of three, giving 3 period latest. When replacing the alternator, the technician must remove the battery cables to stop electric shock. Later on, the accessory travel belts or serpentine belts need to be removed from the alternator, in conjunction with electrical connectors, and a number of other bolts. also it seems like it Virtually appears to stall out.the battery has long been replaced and I've a fresh gas pump.You will find there's 136,000 miles on it and seems to drive fantastic on the open highway.could this be the alternator?many thanks on your support The meter must read 14 amps whilst It really is managing, Will not let them promote you an alternator and learn later on it had been the battery. I was just eager to know the amount I used to be thinking about having to invest on receiving er' likely again? Not surprisingly I looking To do that as low cost as feasible. My spouse charged it for several several hours with a type of box gizmos which will cost, but consider several hrs. When completed it did turn about and he drove it throughout the block a number of moments, nevertheless, Navigate To THIS Site it failed to preserve the cost and died once again. I think it's the battery by itself but I see that it may be the alternator as well as the battery.	109,672
Meaning Egalitarianism is an ideology, principle or doctrine referring to equal rights, benefits and opportunities or equal treatment for all citizens of a society. It is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights. . Need for Egalitarianism Closed and heterogeneous Indian society Multiple complexities and divisions Discrimination on the basis of - Sex, - Caste, - Religion and - Disability. Need for Egalitarianism Patriarchal society, Women face discrimination Reflected in the sex ratio & low literacy levels caste system – traditional society Leads to severe oppression and segregation of the lower castes Need for Egalitarianism Discrimination based on cultural norms, beliefs, practices and customs deriving its legitimacy from the principles of caste system and religion. Limits access to various freedoms, including education Need for Egalitarianism Disability is another area which has experienced low priority in the service sector. Disabled people’s needs are not addressed in our society. Inclusive education has not become a reality yet. Need for Egalitarianism Discrimination based on the religion of an individual cuts across gender, caste/tribe, class and disability. Marginalisation of minorities Under-represented in nation-building activities Impact 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Deprivation Poverty and ignorance Poor, pathetic living conditions Religious exploitation and superstition Identity crisis, isolation No human dignity No dignity of labour Low status Mental block Impact 10. Humiliation 11. Dependency syndrome 12. Inferiority complex 13. Communication gap 14. Escapism 15. We and they feeling 16. Suspicion 17. Poor performance 18. Crisis and conflict Solution Needed a higher platform to have equal access The Constitution of India - the Part III, - Fundamental Rights, made powerful provisions to combat all forms of discrimination. Solution Identifying under-represented groups. Caste, gender, religion, state of domicile (N-E States, Bihar and U P are under-represented), rural people, etc. Reservations intended to increase the social diversity in campuses and workplaces Lowering the entry criteria for certain identifiable groups that are grossly under-represented Reservation criteria Gender (around 30% of seats are reserved for females in many institutions). Sons/Daughters/Grandsons/Grand daughters of Freedom Fighters. Physically handicapped. Sports personalities. Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). Candidates sponsored by various organisations. Those who have served in the armed forces(ex-serviceman quota). Dependants of armed forces personnel killed in action. Repatriates. Those born from inter-caste marriages. Widows and deserted women. Relaxations The minimum high school marks criteria are relaxed for reserved seats. For example in IIT JEE reserved category candidates scoring about 65% of the last admitted general category candidate are directly offered admission. Candidates not meeting this cutoff but scoring as low as half of this are offered admission to a one year preparatory course. Age – Relaxation of upper age limit is 3 years for OBC candidates, 5 years for SC, ST candidates and 10 years for physically challenged candidates. Fees, Hostel Room Rent etc Tuition fees and room rent is waived. 50% of the scholarships are reserved for SC/ST and OBC candidates In each stream, 25% of scholarships are reserved for girl students and 10% for physically challenged candidates. Role of Education The education system can play positive interventionist role in the Empowerment of people and Removal of all kinds of biases which are man-made. 1. Teachers can inculcate the ideas and the need for non-discrimination on the basis of sex, caste, religion, disability and also briefly explain racism. 2. Teachers can foster in children equality, promote and strengthen the constitutional culture/spirit and stability 3. To promote equality, an awareness of the inherent equality of all can be created through various curricular areas. 4. Education can motivate the younger generation for international cooperation and peaceful co-existence Education leads to the development of new values through new design of curricula and text books, the training and orientation of teachers, decision makers and administrators and active involvement of educational institutions. 6. The curriculum, through its content and process should reflect the constitutional obligations 7. Schools can play an important role in preparing the younger generation for assuming their roles as constructive and responsible citizens. 5. For SCs & STs Teachers can help to remove prejudices and complexes transmitted through the social environment and accident of birth. 9. Schools can carry out all educational programs in strict conformity with secular values. 10. Teachers can organize various co-curricular activities like debates, essays, street plays on secular themes like human dignity and values 11. Administrative staff can be sensitized 12. Education can strengthen the view that whole world is one family. 8. For Women 13. Teachers can give examples and illustrations showing women in different roles with different responsibilities 14. Teachers can depict men and women in shared roles through visual aids, puppets etc 15. Teachers can invite women writers, artists, musicians to talk with the students or give performance 16. Teachers can counter the prejudices that may be found in the textbooks 17. Teachers can practice gender equality in the classroom 18. Textbooks can be made free of gender bias and sex stereotypes 19. Teachers can ensure gender equality through curriculum transaction - their teaching should - be gender bias free and - portray boys and girls in shared roles - also women excelling in different walks of life For Children with Disabilities 20. Schools should admit all types of disabled children irrespective of the extent of disability 21. Teachers should have basic general knowledge about the education of children with disabilities 22. Teachers should be able to modify teaching – learning strategies to teach children with disabilities 23. Schools should provide support material such as aids, appliances and books 24. Schools should arrange for specialist teacher support if possible 25. The need for non-discrimination should be taught to young children so that the disability does not become a handicap. 26. Young non-disabled children should be taught that disabled children are children first and disabled next.	176,736
This week has brought record rain to the Delaware Valley. With over eight inches of rain flooding some parts of the Philadelphia area, what is it you should know about floods that can affect your vehicle? We have all heard that only a half a foot of water can trap you in your vehicle during heavy rains. So why is it folks everywhere try to test mother nature in cases of heavy rain and flash flood conditions? Many overestimate their vehicles’ capabilities in adverse conditions. Others overestimate their own driving skills. Whatever the case, If you see a flooded roadway, it is best to turn around and find a different route. Generally, the waters of a flooded roadway are generally far deeper than what you expect. Not only are you putting yourself and you passengers in danger by driving through a flooded area, but your car stands to take on significant damage as well. It is not difficult to tell if a car has been in a flood. Discolored upholstery, silt, mold, rust and electrical problems are all symptoms of a vehicle that has been through a flood. The conditions greatly lower the resale value of a vehicle let alone the aesthetics and operation. The bottom line? It is never a good idea to drive though a flooded roadway if it can be avoided.	303,886
Welcome to ISW's continuing coverage of James Lang's On Course. This post is centered on the second chapter, "First Days of Class". Welcome to all who want to discuss the chapter in the comments. Following Michael's example, I'll review the basic points of the chapter and then highlight some interesting points and one notable omission. I'll also try to gear my comments towards bringing what Lang has to say into the philosophy classroom. Unfortunately, I haven't been able to keep it as brief as Michael, so I'm separating this post into two parts. This is part one. Let me start by continuing the trend of saying that Lang has somehow managed to be comprehensive, insightful, and concise in his advice. New teachers as well as old hands can benefit a lot by considering what he has to say. With one omission that I will mention near the end of the second post, there isn't a whole lot more to think about doing on the first day of a philosophy course than what Lang recommends. In this chapter he talks about three basic areas: 1) preparing for the first class, 2) delivering the preparation, and 3) spicing it up. (This post covers the first two areas.) Preparing for Class (pp. 23-27): Lang addresses two main issues in this part of the chapter: 1) what to wear and 2) whether to dive in right away or give students the syllabus and send them on their way. I think that in the philosophy classroom, both issues change slightly from Lang's treatment. In terms of dress, Lang has good, conservative advice: slacks and a collared shirt for both men and women, with women having some additional options that I don't claim to know much about. What drives Lang's advice is his excellent insight that one's dress on the first day is less about coming off as a professional and more about making students comfortable with your authority over their grades and progress in the course. I think, though, that philosophers have a little more latitude in what to wear than, say, an engineer or a law professor. We've already noted here that offbeat professors can seem somewhat cool to students and (not counting artists) philosophers may be the most able to capitalize on this idiosyncrasy. Perversely, philosophers can sometimes acquire authority by seeming unconventional. Of course, for students who fear philosophy as too eccentric of a discipline, dressing unconventionally can have the opposite effect, reinforcing their worst fears. I'm laboring too much on one small point, but the right advice is probably not to dress too far out of the element you are used to presenting yourself within. If you don't ever really think about it, err on the professional side. (And even understanding all of this, I would recommend fighting any urge you might have to wear a beret to your first philosophy class.) Lang's issue is whether to give students the syllabus and let them go or to start teaching on the first day. He, as all other educational specialists I've heard, observes that simply letting students go sends the wrong message about the class. It can send the message that the professor doesn't want to be in the class and doesn't consider it a worthwhile usage of time. Interestingly, this issue is connected to Lang's next topic, allowing latitude for students dropping the course or adding it late. A popular reason for not spending much time on the first class is that it is wasted effort on students who will drop and energy that could be conserved for students yet to add. I tend to think that he is absolutely right about the message that simply sending people off with a syllabus sends. But particularly in the philosophy classroom, one is missing a great opportunity to connect to students' curiosity about philosophy and allay their fears. (I have a little bit more to say about this later on, so I won't belabor the point here.) Giving the first class (pp. 27-30): I have a hard time believing that anyone simply conducts his or her first class by reading the syllabus out loud, but apparently it happens and Lang inveighs against it. There are certain reasons why going over the syllabus is essential, and these are much better accomplished by giving a general overview and only reading certain more legal parts. He also puts forth the interesting idea of putting students into groups to find three things they want to know about the course and/or the syllabus, then asking these to the rest of the course. This sounds like a great activity to me. I've also heard of professors giving a quiz over the syllabus on the second or third day of the course. Of course the latter doesn't have the advantage of getting students talking to one another. I'll have more commentary in the second post on this chapter, but I'm looking forward to what people have to say about these two areas in the comments.	1,133
IP & IT law update - Spam Act & domain name availability This issue we focus on news relevant to the marketing, advertising and promotion industries. Spam Act to be supplemented by e-Marketing Code The Spam Act became law in December 2003 with a proviso that its penalty provisions would come into effect 120 days later. All provisions of the Spam Act came into effect on 10 April 2004, and the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) is responsible for enforcing these provisions. Australian businesses using e-mail, SMS and other electronic message formats for commercial purposes face harsh penalties if they breach prohibitions in the Spam Act (see summary over the page). The ACA has encouraged development of an Email and Mobile Marketing Code of Practice (the e-Marketing Code), intended to complement the Spam Act. Recently, industry groups, regulators and consumer organisations have come together to develop the e-Marketing Code, which will clarify some 'grey areas' such as consent and viral marketing. The Code Development Committee includes the Australian Consumers Association, Small Enterprise Telecommunications Centre, Qantas, Legion Interactive, Internet Industry Association, Australian Retailers Association, Advertising Federation of Australia, Australian Direct Marketing Association, US Email Marketing Association, NZ Direct Marketing Association, and Australian Competition and Consumer Commission; and the ACA has observer status on the Committee. It is intended that the Code will be presented to the Commonwealth Government for formal registration by the ACA. This will make the Code binding on all organisations that use email or mobile as a primary form of marketing, and third party organisations that market on behalf of their clients. Registration of the Code will allow the ACA to issue warnings, and directions to comply, effectively to any participant in the e-marketing industry in Australia. The e-Marketing Code is due to be completed in mid-2004, with a draft due to be released for public comment in June. If your business messages via e-mail or mobile phone for marketing or other commercial purposes, you should: ensure you have checked that you comply with the Spam Act; and review the draft e-Marketing Code before it starts to apply, so you have a chance to change provisions that are likely to pose significant risks for your business. auDA warns: check .au domain name availability! The .au Domain Administration Limited (the policy authority and industry self-regulatory body for the .au domain space) recently released a statement advising marketers to ensure that they investigated domain name availability before launching new brands. More than ever before, Australians are relying on the Internet as a source of information about products and services, and we are now conditioned to looking for local brand names with .au domain names. As a result, domain name availability has become a major influence on the choice of brand names. Media reports have recently pointed out that this applies even in the property development industry, where property names and brands are often determined by domain name availability because they are marketed using the Internet as a major plank in the developers' marketing strategies. Creating a new brand name where the domain name equivalent is already registered can have dramatic financial and legal repercussions, including: need to pay substantial amounts to obtain your preferred domain name; inability to obtain your preferred domain name (leading to the need to market using a domain name that is not ideal and may reduce effectiveness of your marketing spend); potential liability to other traders who are already using the brand name. This can manifest itself as a claim for infringing a trade mark, a passing off claim or a claim that you are engaging in misleading and deceptive conduct under the Trade Practices Act. It is not hard to check the availability of domain names through the 'Whois' database: just go to www.ausregistry.com.au to see if your preferred .au domain name is already taken by someone else. Before committing to a new brand, we also suggest you ensure some searches are performed, to minimise the risk that the brand is already being used by another trader. As a bare minimum, you should arrange for a search of the official register under the Trade Marks Act. If you use a brand that is already a registered trade mark (even where you have registered the equivalent domain name), you risk facing a claim of trade mark infringement from the owner of the registered trade mark. Fighting these claims can be time-consuming and costly, even if you win the fight. And, if you lose the fight, you may find a Court ordering you to pay all your profits from the new product to another trader. You can minimise the risk of claims from other traders, by providing searches of the official trade marks register and other sources of information about existing brands.	48,195
Softbank Robotics Announcing collaboration with USA Gaussium Create a commercial robotic assistant. New robots, Delivery X1 (X1) and Scrubber 50 Pro (S50), complete staff tasks and work with staff to support businesses struggling with hiring slowdowns and skills gaps. The restaurant industry is facing a labor shortage, Many restaurants find it difficult to fill vacanciesAccording to the press release, the X1 and S50 will take on monotonous and repetitive tasks to allow employees to focus on customers and “higher value responsibilities.” X1 is a food service robot designed to serve food and drink to customers when employees are unavailable. Equipped with anti-collision spill technology. The X1 also allows employees to bus tables and take dirty dishes to the kitchen. The main role of the S50 Pro is to assist in cleaning operations as it has scrubbing, sweeping, dusting and disinfecting functions. Robots can clean and disinfect floors at the same time, and they know when to notify humans when more cleaning is needed. In recent years, especially after the coronavirus pandemic, many major food chains have integrated apps and online ordering options into their processes to help their employees keep up with large orders.However Customers are annoyed with online ordershas an impact on consumer satisfaction. To make up for the labor shortage and prevent the number of hungry customers from decreasing, university, restaurantWhen food delivery service Introducing autonomous robots to cook and serve food. But the robot doesn’t just refill your vanilla cola.Restaurants are hiring robots kitchenware When fried food chefthat too. Miso Robotics, which specializes in creating robots for food service, takes advantage of the fact that many restaurants need extra hands (robot arms) in their kitchens. Miso is in charge of a series of robots his kitchen his helpers such as: Flippy 2a robotic arm with AI-powered vision that fryes and transfers food with precision. Now is the perfect time for robotic restaurant workers to cut salaries, the biggest expense in the restaurant industry. Robots can also help improve efficiency, but for employees, Bionic co-workers affect your salary. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that the robot will serve the food you ordered immediately.The future is here and I wouldn’t be surprised to hear that next flying car. https://www.zdnet.com/article/would-you-eat-food-cooked-by-a-robot-you-might-have-to-soon/#ftag=RSSbaffb68 Would you like to eat food made by robots?you may have to immediately	14,812
DHCP is the short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its purpose is to assign dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. Dynamic addressing means that a device can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network. In short, DHCP allows a computer to join a network without having a pre-configured IP address. It assigns unique IPs to computer devices and then releases and renews them every time the machine leaves and reconnects to the network. DHCP features include allowing the user to define "pools" of IP addresses (DHCP terminology calls them scopes). The IP addresses are handed out by the server together with the related configuration settings like subnet mask (defines the boundaries of an IP subnet - grouping of connected network devices). DHCP also makes it easier for a client to move the computer from one subnet to another because it allocates IPs according to the subnet the request came from. Due to the dynamic allocation of the IPs, it is easy to recover the addresses that are no longer used and put them back in the unallocated scope. The lease for allocating the IP to a certain computer in the network is a period of time during which the allocated IP is valid. After the lease period expires, the request for renewing the lease is sent to the DHCP server and a new IP is obtained. Largely put, the DHCP client sends a broadcast packet on the network with a DHCP request. The DHCP server picks up the request and allocates to the PC the IP address from the scopes available. The address is not allocated permanently (DHCP assigns dynamic IP addresses) and the IP is leased to the client. When the lease period expires, the client sends an IP lease renewal message. The scopes or IP address "pools" are administrative grouping of IP addresses for computers on a subnet that are using the DHCP service. Configuring them implies defining some parameters used by clients, like the range of IPs (IP "pool" or scopes) from which to include or exclude addresses used for IP leases, the subnet mask, the scope name, etc. The downfall of DHCP service in the case of routers of small networks is that the IP will be assigned to any device connecting to the network. The issue is significantly important when it comes to wireless devices. A wireless device in the range of your router will be automatically assigned an IP. Fortunately, there is a solution for this problem and that consists in turning off the DHCP. This way, you will be able to protect your network from unwanted intrusions. DHCP traffic uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and the ports used for transmitting the messages are 67 and 68. The messages from the client to the server use UDP source port 68 and UDP destination port 67. No matter the sender and the receiver, the client will always use UDP port 68 for receiving and sending messages and the server will use UDP port 67 for the same activities. The messages exchanged between client and server in DHCP communication cover the configuration process and include "notes" from client to server and back. * DHCPDiscover is sent from the client to the server in order to discover the presence of the DHCP servers on the network * DHCPOffer - the server responds to the client by providing the IP address configuration offered to the DHCP client request * DHCPRequest - the client asks from a certain server a specific IP address configuration * DHCPAck - the server acknowledges that the client has been allocated a specific IP address * DHCPNack - the server acknowledges that the client cannot use a specific IP address (this happens when that address is already taken or when the client moves to a different subnet and tries to renew the lease on the previous IP) * DHCPDecline - the client tells the server that the offered IP address is invalid (discovered the fact through other means that the IP is already in use and IP conflicts are prone to appear) * DHCPRelease - the client sends this message to the DHCP server telling that the IP address is no longer in use (so it can be safely stored in the scope) * DHCPInform - the client requests additional configuration settings. That is the story with DHCP for IPv4. With an IPv6 network, you do not really need DHCP to configure the addresses because of the stateless address auto-configuration which removes the primary motivation for DHCP in IPv4. Nevertheless, the protocol can still be used to statefully assign addresses if more control over the addressing is what the network administrator wants.	115,297
This page offers you a daily dose of James Allen. Here youíll find todayís entries from James Allenís book of meditations for every day in the year and Morning and evening thoughts: He who has realised the Love that is divine has become a new man. AND this Love, this Wisdom, this Peace, this tranquil state of mind and heart, may be attained to, may be realised, by all who are willing and ready to and who are prepared to humbly enter into a comprehension of all that the giving up of self involves. There is no arbitrary power in the universe, and the strongest chains of fate by which men are bound are self-forged. Men are chained to that which causes suffering because they desire to be so, because they love their chains, because they think their little dark prison of self is sweet and beautiful, and they are afraid that if they desert that prison they will lose all that is real and worth having. " Ye suffer from yourselves, none else compels, None other holds ye that ye live and die." To the divinely wise, knowledge and Love are one and inseparable. As darkness is a passing shadow, and light is a substance that remains, so sorrow is fleeting, but joy abides for ever. No true thing can pass away and become lost; no false thing can remain and be preserved. Sorrow is false, and it cannot live; joy is true, and it cannot die. Joy may become hidden for a time, but it can always be recovered; sorrow may remain for a period, but it can be transcended and dispersed. Do not think your sorrow will remain; it will pass away like a cloud. Do not believe that the torments of sin are ever your portion; they will vanish like a hideous nightmare. Awake! Arise! Be holy Tribulation lasts only so long as there remains some chaff of self which needs to be removed. The tribulum, or threshing machine, ceases to work when all the grain is separated from the chaff; and when the last impurities are blown away from the soul, tribulation has completed its work, and there is no more need for it; then abiding joy is realized. The sole and supreme use of suffering is to purify, to burn out all that is useless and impure. Suffering ceases for him who is pure. There could be no object in burning gold after the dross had	33,280
GR #3 Review 1. How language teaching methodology has changed historically from the 1900s to the present day? a. Latin was the model for grammar throughout the Middle Ages. When grammarians began writing for vernacular languages, they generally copied the Latin grammars, using the same terms and the same word class. Until the earliest of the twentieth century, the educated class used the method by which Latin grammar was taught as a model for learning language: drilling vocab, verb tenses, and parts if speech. Teachers are expected to know grammar rules and this instruction is widely used today. 2. What are the methods/concepts you would use with your assigned English Language Learner? a. Natural Method: Children initially learn language naturally, and how they do so forms the basis of the natural method. This method mimics the steps that all children go through to learn any language. First, students listen and observe English speakers. Second, students attempt to voice individual words. Third, students turn their individual words into sentences. Practice is important to fully grasp the new language. b. Direct Method: The direct method combines grammatical teaching with the natural method of learning a new language. The teacher uses only the English language, and conducts intensive question-and-answer sessions to teach students their new language. Students are expected to learn more and more of the new language through these question-and-answer sessions, which build on each other. The teacher demonstrates before expecting the students to perform a. Grammar Translation Main goal of instruction is reading and grammar knowledge of the second language. Learning language: drilling on vocabulary, verb tenses, and parts of speech Pros: desirable results are clearly defined/curriculum can be carefully structured and controlled Cons: Students have little choice in what they learn, little contact with actual speaker of the language they... Please join StudyMode to read the full document	292,615
Runners take off from Hopkinton for the Men's Open. The Boston Marathon is held each year on Patriots' Day The first Boston Marathon was run in 1897. For a sense of perspective, consider that its closest rival, the New York City Marathon, was started in 1970. The pioneering Boston Athletic Association (BAA) was the primary inspiration for the event. Chartered in 1887, the association provided more than half the U.S. Olympic team to the first modern Olympics in 1896. The next year, it was ready to stage its own BAA Games, the culminating event of which was a 24.5-mile marathon. The first winner was John J. McDermott, who finished in 2:55:10. The fastest finish in a modern Boston Marathon of 26 miles, 385 yards was Robert K. Cheruiyot, in 2006, with a time of 2:07:14. But the most beloved would have to be Johnny A. Kelley, a winner in 1935 and 1945 who finished a record 58 of the 61 Boston Marathons he ran. Kelley died at age 97 in 2004. The most famous loser was amateur Rosie Ruiz, who in 1980 appeared to be the women's winner. But when the videotape was later examined, it revealed that Ruiz had cheated, slipping into the pack about a half-mile from the finish line. As a matter of tradition, the Boston Marathon is held annually on Patriots' Day, the third Monday in April. So join the roughly half-million spectators who line the marathon route from Hopkinton to Boston each spring to cheer on the runners -- especially the rookies. Supply them with water, snacks and have a ball!Boston Marathon Information Address: Rt-135 and Ash St. Hopkinton, MA Hours of Operation: Third Monday in AprilTo learn more about family vacation destinations, see: - Family Vacations: Learn about hundreds of family vacations in destinations all over North America. - Boston City Guide: Find out where to stay, what to do, and where to eat when you visit Boston. - Massachusetts State Guide: Learn about Mobil Travel Guide-rated hotels and restaurants in Massachusetts, as well as other recreational activities. - Scenic Drives: For those who think that getting there is half the fun, we have compiled more than 100 of the most scenic drives throughout the country.	84,444
Characters in "Eveline" She's the first "adolescent" of Dubliners, and the first female main character. Eveline's story is the shortest, too, and the plot is pretty simple. She has to decide whether she'll leave Dublin tonight on a ship to live with her main squeeze, Frank, or whether she'll stay in Dublin where her father, her job, and her home are. Early in the story, Eveline "tried to weigh each side of the question," and that's probably a good thing for us to do, too. But wait a second. Hasn't she already "consented to go away" (Eveline.5)? She totally told Frank that she'll accompany him to Buenos Aires, but now that the date has arrived, she's having second thoughts. The very fact that this is the case reveals something crucial about Dubliners—that simply deciding to do something or wanting to do it desperately has almost no connection with actually getting that thing done. To Go or Not to Go On the pro side, Eveline loves Frank, and thinks he can protect her. She also hopes, in a vague sort of way, that she'll be respected more in Argentina as a wife than she is currently as a single woman and low-class worker. Finally, leaving Dublin will mean getting out of a bad family situation in which her violent and drunk father threatens her and makes her life miserable. For Pete's sake, lady, hop on the boat. Not so fast. All those pros are actually tied up in the cons of her leaving, too. She's taking care of two young children, and knows they need her. Her father isn't always that bad, and he also needs her. And she's familiar with her home, and it's hard to imagine leaving it behind forever. She figures that she has "a hard life—but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life." So the choice is becoming a lot less clear-cut now that she's done her pros and cons. It's important to note that Eveline's list of pros and cons is pretty particular to her. The tone of the story, which mimics her voice, is sort of exaggerated and impulsive. It's also overly sentimental when it comes to things like pictures of old friends of the family on the wall. Would a wiser or more emotionally mature person actually worry so much about his or her "familiar objects" if it came down to leaving? Maybe not. On the other hand, despite Eveline's obvious immaturity, her inability to make this decision makes a ton of sense. It's a pretty big decision, and she doesn't really know Frank all that well. Most of what she can say is that he is "very kind, manly, open-hearted" (Eveline.10). Sounds great, but is that really enough to follow him across the world? What's really tragic about the story, then, is that Eveline is already at a disadvantage for making serious decisions (she's just not mature enough), and now she has to make one of the most serious decisions anyone could imagine. The collision of these two facts sets the stage for the climactic closing of the story, which takes place at the North Wall of Dublin, right in front of the ship to Argentina. The Point of No Return She's gotten this far. She's literally standing on the dock. Seems like she's made up her mind, right? She could have bailed on Frank at any point along the way if she didn't want to go. And the last lines of the story before the scene switches seem to be Eveline's final decision, her certainty that "She must escape!" and that "Frank would save her!" (Eveline.18). Sweet. Let's get this over with. Oh wait. We may have jumped the gun here. Before she can actually make this decision and board the ship, Eveline has a major freak out: "she felt her cheek pale and cold" and "her distress awoke a nausea in her body." Her response to all of this is to pray for guidance (Eveline.19). And of course the moment she finally decides is the moment when Frank's all, let's hit the road, babe "A bell clanged upon her heart. She felt him seize her hand" (Eveline.20). Apparently that bell, wherever it comes from, means that she's definitely not going, and she just holds on for dear life at this point, as if she was afraid not only that Frank "would drown her," but that the water itself would threaten her life. And even though she has made a decision, and doesn't get on the boat, it's not like she does it with a lot of confidence. "She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal" (Eveline.26). She may have decided, but she's not exactly pumped about her choice. Even though he's the main reason Eveline has such a big decision to make, Frank hardly figures into the story at all. Until he shouts three lines in the last page of the story, everything we know about him comes from Eveline's description, and it's pretty sparse. He's from Ireland originally and has come back on vacation from his career as a sailor. At first, his relationship with Eveline went really smoothly and was all kinds of romantic: they went to the theater, he sang her songs, made up nicknames for her, and boasted of all his sailor adventures. The only problem was Eveline's father, who eventually banned her from seeing him, because he's a big fat jerk. Since they kept meeting in secret, the relationship kept on and eventually included an invitation to return to Argentina with him and be his wife. Swoon, right? Not right. Even when Frank really comes on to the scene in the last section of the story, he does so mainly in order to be ignored. First, Eveline doesn't even hear what he's saying to her. Then, when he cries to her more and more urgently, hoping that she'll finally board the ship, she doesn't even acknowledge that he's speaking—or yelling. It's like Frank has sort of disappeared all of a sudden because Eveline "gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition" (Eveline.26). We don't really know how Frank feels about this because the story ends here, but it hardly matters: the real focus is just how completely and how suddenly Eveline has been convinced that going with Frank is a bad idea. Poor sucker.	31,933

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