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A moderately large arboreal salamander, Bolitoglossa alvaradoi ranges in size from 106-155mm (total length), with a maximum recorded length of 159mm (6.25 inches). It has completely flat, webbed hands and feet, a prehensile tail, and large, protuberant eyes. Coloring within the species is highly variable, and individuals have been found to show coloration changes between the day and night. In general, B. alvaradoi has a uniformly black or dark brown venter and olive green to dark browm dorsum. The back may be marked with black spots, blotches, or a light middorsal patch of cream or tan coloration. At night, the darker ground color may lighten to gray, tan, or reddish brown with a pattern of scattered black or dark brown spots. Lightening of the dorsum may be so extreme that coloration patterns visible in the day are no longer discernible at night. Males and females may be distinguished by the number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs: males show only 1.5 to 2, females show 3 to 4. B. alvaradoi is similar to B. lignicolor but may be distinguished by the lack of light ventral spots and streaks, as is seen in the latter.(Leenders 2001; Savage 2002)
Distribution and Habitat
Country distribution from AmphibiaWeb's database: Costa Rica
Bolitoglossa alvaradoi is a rarely seen arboreal nocturnal salamander presumed to live in forest canopies where it makes use of bromeliad microhabitats (Wake 1987)
. Alvarado's salamander is found only in several fragmented populations on the Atlantic slopes of Costa Rica in moist or wet lowland forests and premontane rainforests, at elevation ranges from 700 to 1,150 m (2300 to 3750 ft).(Savage 2002; Leenders 2001)
Trends and Threats
According to the Global Amphibian Assessment, B. alvaradoi is considered endangered on the basis of a fragmented population covering less than 5000 square kilometers. There is also evidence of a decrease in habitat quality and subsequent population decline due to smallholder farming and wood extraction.
Possible reasons for amphibian decline
General habitat alteration and loss
Habitat modification from deforestation, or logging related activities
A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio).
Leenders, T. (2001). A Guide to Amphibians And Reptiles of Costa Rica. Zona Tropical, Miami.
Parra-Olea, G., García-París, M., Wake, D. B. (2004). ''Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications.'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 81, 325-346.
Savage, J. M. (2002). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
Wake, D. B. (1987). ''Adaptive radiation of salamanders in Middle American cloud forests.'' Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 74(2), 242-264.
Written by Ketti Augusztiny (ketti AT berkeley.edu), UC Berkeley URAP
First submitted 2004-11-02
Edited by Tate Tunstall (2009-11-02)
Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2009 Bolitoglossa alvaradoi: Alvarado's Salamander <http://amphibiaweb.org/species/3952> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Jan 21, 2019.
Feedback or comments about this page.
Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2019. <http://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 21 Jan 2019.
AmphibiaWeb's policy on data use.
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Here’s a letter that I sent yesterday to the Washington Post:
Using a big floppy roller to paint a fine portrait creates only a mess as unintelligible as it is ugly. And so it is with Harold Meyerson’s attempt to portray modern market-oriented economics (“Economists for an Imaginary World,” Sept. 30).
For example, Mr. Meyerson’s suggestion that free-market economics relies uniquely and especially heavily upon elegant mathematics is flat-out wrong. Perhaps the greatest champion of the mathematical modeling of economic relationships is Paul Samuelson, who is no one’s idea of a free-marketeer. And perhaps the greatest free-market economist of the 20th century, F.A. Hayek, not only used almost no math in his own work, but he also literally wrote a book – The Counter-Revolution of Science (1952) – to warn economists of the severe limits of mathematics as a language for learning about, and discussing, a phenomenon as complex as a modern human economy.
Donald J. Boudreaux
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The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC) has announced its approval
of the long-awaited tree trimming rule, which represents years of
collaboration and hard work.
The rule provides a framework for utilities’ tree and vegetation management
programs which balances their need to ensure reliability of service with the
interests of their customers in preserving their landscapes.
“Rather than having each utility create its own set of guidelines, the
IURC’s rule provides consistency by standardizing the tree trimming process
for Duke Energy, Indiana Michigan Power, Indianapolis Power and Light,
Northern Indiana Public Service Company, and Vectren,” the IURC said in a
statement released Wednesday.
“Utility customers deserve to know what’s taking place on their property and
when,” said David Ziegner, the presiding commissioner. “We want there to be
transparency and for the customer and the utility to work together, not
against each other.”
The rulemaking stems from the IURC’s 19-month investigation, which concluded
on Nov. 30, 2010. The decision laid the groundwork for the rulemaking and
prohibited the utilities from topping trees or removing more than 25 percent
without the property owner’s consent, unless there is an emergency.
Additionally, it required the utilities to provide notice and remove debris
due to normal maintenance within three days.
Based on the new requirements set forth in the decision, the IURC drafted a
more detailed rule which sets standards for trimming practices,
notification, customer education, and the dispute resolution process.
Changes Due to
•Trimming Standards: Utilities must abide by nationally recognized
best practices, such as the ANSI A300 standards.
•Notification: Customers will receive two notices at least two weeks
before trimming is scheduled; notice will also be given 60 days prior to
•Education: By providing details about the tree trimming process and
why it is needed, concerns can be addressed before trimming takes place.
•Dispute Resolution: If a customer objects to the proposed plan
within five days of receiving notice, the utility must hold off on trimming
until the issue is addressed by the utility or the IURC’s Consumer Affairs
•Property Rights: The rule did not change existing property rights;
however, it reiterates that the utility cannot trim outside an easement or
right-of-way without the customer’s consent.
•Tree Replacement: In cases where a tree must be removed, an
agreement may be reached in which the customer is compensated.
“Overall, this rule is a win for utility customers,” Ziegner said. “Never
before have there been standards in place guaranteeing that customers have
an opportunity to interact with the utility before trimming occurs.”
When drafting the rules, the IURC incorporated comments and suggestions from
a variety of stakeholders, including consumer groups like the Indiana Tree
Alliance, private citizens, the Office of Utility Consumer Counselor, and
the utility companies. Additionally, the IURC traveled to six locations
during the investigation in order to collect testimony from customers in the
different service territories. The locations visited include Evansville,
Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Merrillville, Muncie, and Seymour.
Although the IURC has approved the final rule, it must still undergo the
administrative review process through state government. This process is
expected to conclude by the fall.
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US Oil Sands' proprietary extraction process is a breakthrough in oil sands extraction. All commercial mineable oil sands producers use an extraction method called the Clark Hot Water Extraction Process developed in the 1920s by Dr. Karl Clark collaborating with the Alberta Research Council . The process was put into commercial production in 1967 by Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited, now Suncor Energy Inc.
To understand how our proprietary extraction process differs, it is helpful to understand the basics of the Clark Hot Water Extraction Process.
- Surface oil sand is mined and crushed for size reduction
- Hot water at 50-80oC is added to the crushed oil sand to allow the heavy bitumen to become less viscous and separate from the sand
- To expedite the slow separation process, vigorous mechanical mixing takes place together with the use of long hydro-transport lines, resulting in:
- Decreased residence time at the extraction facility allowing increased oil sand throughput.
- Tightly nested suspension of clay, water and bitumen
- Coarse solids sink readily and are removed and used for tailings pond construction
- Bitumen is recovered by applying flotation process wherein air is bubbled into the suspension, the bitumen droplets become attached to air bubbles and float to the top of the vessel allowing most of the bitumen to be recovered as a product called bitumen froth
- After the bitumen froth is deaerated, it is a highly viscous fluid typically consisting of 60% bitumen, 30% water and 10% solids. This mixture is not suitable for pipelining; therefore it must undergo froth treatment
- The bitumen froth is first diluted with a hydrocarbon solvent to reduce the viscosity and density of the oil phase. This accelerates the settling of the impurities by gravity or centrifugation. The bitumen is skimmed off and processed further to reject the entrained solids and water, to meet the requirements of downstream pipelines and refineries
- The rejected solids and water from the froth treatment process, together with all the residual water, solids, added chemicals and unrecovered bitumen are referred to as middlings and are the waste to be disposed of in tailings ponds
- Because the waste stream has economic value as well as a significant environmental impact, producers invest significant capital and operating costs in various technologies to capture as much value from the middlings as possible before discharging to the tailings pond for long-term storage
The Clark Hot Water Extraction Process is an operationally complex and capital intensive process that is over 90 years old and that has been in commercial use for 45 years.
It's Time For A Change... How Do We Differ?
US Oil Sands' proprietary extraction process uniquely engages the use of a biodegradable, non-toxic solvent derived from citrus products. The result is that:
- Only very low mechanical energy is required to mix the oil sands, water and solvent
- Elimination of the activation of the fine clay particles and resultant creation of the emulsion of water, clay and bitumen
- Reduction of suspended clay particles within the process water which eliminates the generation of liquid tailings
- Elimination of middlings. Clean solids, water and bitumen phase separation do not require tailings ponds to settle a middlings phase
All of the capital cost and operating expense associated with creating bitumen froth, froth treatment, middlings treatment and tailings pond management and reclamation is eliminated. The result is a highly capital efficient and operationally simple extraction process.
The process is outlined here:
- Ore from the mine is milled and conditioned, and then mixed in a large rotating drum with hot water and solvent
- This process is low-shear and allows the complete breakdown of the ore into its constituent grains. The mixing of water and bitumen does not form a clay/water/bitumen sludge
- The solvent readily mixes and dissolves into the bitumen, and heat from the water helps to reduce the viscosity of the mixture
- The mixture of diluted bitumen, water and solids feeds into primary separation vessels to separate the various phases
- The mixture is separated into:
- Hydrocarbons, water and fine solids
- Clean coarse solids and water
- After less than 30 minutes of process, the two phases are now ready for final polishing to remove the small amounts of mixed components
- Solids Dewatering
- Coarse solids are dewatered using conventional solids dewatering equipment. Free water entrained in the sand is removed so that the sand is damp dry
- The sand is commingled with the fine solids for transport back to the mine and reclamation
- Hydrocarbon Polishing
- The diluted bitumen is processed to sales specifications, which separates the remaining fine solids and water
- The diluted bitumen is then processed through a single-stage distillation process to remove the bio-solvent which is then recycled
- The hot un-diluted bitumen is stored for delivery to refineries
- Fine solids are commingled with the damp sand for transport back to the mine and reclamation
- 98% of the solvent is immediately recycled and reused in the process
- 95% of the water is immediately recycled and reused in the process
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US employers post fewest jobs in 5 months
- From: AAP
- November 07, 2012
US employers posted fewer job openings in September than in the previous five months.
The Labour Department said on Tuesday that job openings dropped by 100,000 to 3.56 million, the fewest in five months. August's openings were revised up to 3.66 million.
The number of available jobs has jumped about 63 per cent since July 2009, one month after the recession ended. However, it is well below the more than four million jobs a month advertised before the recession began in December 2007.
The job market remains very competitive. With 12.1 million people unemployed in September, there were 3.4 unemployed people, on average, competing for each open job. In a healthy economy, that ratio is roughly two to one.
Employers filled fewer available positions in September than in August. And the number of people who quit fell to the lowest level in 10 months. That's a bad sign for the job market, because it suggests workers see fewer opportunities to move to a better job. Workers tend to quit when they have other job offers.
One positive sign in the report: Layoffs fell.
Hiring looked a little better in October, according to the Labour Department's employment report released on Friday. Employers added 171,000 jobs last month and hiring in August and September was better than first estimated.
The unemployment rate rose to 7.9 per cent last month from 7.8 per cent in September. But that was because more Americans began searching for work, likely reflecting increasing optimism about their chances.
The employment report measured net hiring and unemployment, while Tuesday's report looked at total hiring, layoffs and quits.
Job openings fell in manufacturing, construction, hotels and restaurants, and in government. There was also a big drop in openings in professional and business services, which includes both high-paying jobs such as architects and engineers as well as temporary services.
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- Non-Citizen Voting?
- Drivers License Requirements?
There is currently a bill in the New York City Council that would give non-citizen immigrants (who have residency in the city for more than six months) the right to vote in all municipal elections. Advocates of the proposal argue that the estimated 1.3 million immigrants living in New York City, close to 20 percent of the population, deserve to be represented locally in government if they are expected to pay taxes and live with the decisions of elected officials. In New York City, non-citizen residents were allowed to vote in school board elections before the boards were disbanded.
Since January 2004, the Department of Motor Vehicles has been sending letters to thousands of drivers informing them that there is a problem with the Social Security Number in their files. Drivers who cannot provide a valid Social Security number will eventually have their drivers’ licenses suspended and lose the ability to drive legally in New York State. The crackdown has resulted in the suspension of the licenses of 7,000 immigrants, but advocates said the number of immigrants affected could reach 300,000. Immigrant rights groups say the Department of Motor Vehicles should drop proof of immigration status as a requirement for applicants.
Immigrants rights groups have proposed granting citizenship to undocumented immigrants who have been in the United States for a period of time.
The New York City Council has proposed a bill called the Education Equity Act, which would require translation and interpretation services be provided to parents of children in the New York City public schools. It would also provide translation of report cards and interpretation at parent-teacher conferences.
Fernando Ferrer supports giving non-citizens the right to vote in municipal elections. When asked about the bill, Ferrer responded in a written statement: “Non-citizen immigrants pay taxes, contribute to our economy, and are subject to our laws, but are not represented in our government. That is not right. Democracy thrives on allowing everyone access to their government.”
Ferrer’s position on what kind of information should be required for driver’s licenses has not been located.
Ferrer said if he had the power he would give amnesty to undocumented immigrants.
Ferrer said he would support translation services for parents of public school children.
Michael Bloomberg does not support giving non-citizens the right to vote in municipal elections.
When asked about the bill, Bloomberg responded in a written statement: “Without question, our country’s current immigration system is broken and in dire need of an overhaul. However, I believe that the right to vote is at the very heart of what it means to be a citizen, and therefore I support government efforts to speed the process by which non-citizen residents can become citizens if they choose, so that they can become fully integrated in our country’s economic, social and democratic culture.”
Bloomberg’s position on what kind of information should be required for driver’s licenses has not been located.
At a recent gathering of New York's Caribbean and African leaders, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said that undocumented immigrants should be able to stay in the country without having to worry about being caught and deported to their homelands.
The Bloomberg administration testified against the Education Equity Act, arguing that it would add burden and costs for the Department of Education.
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Q: Will my fountain be enough to keep my fish safe this winter?
Holly – Gorham, ME
A: If your pond freezes over in the winter, a fountain won’t do you or your fish much good. It’s not designed to be run or left in the pond during icy conditions. The ice can damage the float or create a barrier that prevents water from passing through the spray nozzle. That could cause the motor to run dry and stop working. And that’s not good.
Instead, we recommend completely removing your fountain and a run a bottom diffused aeration system instead.
Before the Ice Forms
Autumn is the perfect time to remove the fountain from your pond before the ice forms. When unplugging the motor and pulling it ashore; inspect the cords, motor and lights for any damage. After sitting in a pond all summer, chances are you will have to clean the fountain and lenses from any algae, build up or debris. Once your fountain is ready to be stored, place it in doors until spring.
Below the Surface
Now that you have removed the fountain from the pond, it is a good idea to protect both your fish and boating dock from ice damage by adding an aeration system. Aeration keeps the oxygen levels up and the water circulating. Depending on how close the diffuser plates are to the surface or dock, aeration can also keep a hole open for gas exchange, and provide a place for ducks to gather when everything else is frozen over.
Keep your fish safe and happy this winter by giving them surface and subsurface aeration. They’ll appreciate it more than just your fountain!
Pond Talk: How much aeration do you have in your pond or lake during the winter?
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Stats: 1335866 members, 1967142 topics. Date: Wednesday, 01 April 2015 at 05:34 PM
|The Future Of African Traditional Religion. by traze(m): 12:39pm On Jan 08, 2010|
THE NATURE OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
African traditional religion which is the beliefs and practices that emanated from the African soil is the religious beliefs and practices that has been in existence from time immemorial and are still being adhered to today by many Africans.
African traditional religion has been the indigenous religion of Africans and had been handed down from generation to generation by the fore-bearers of the present generation of Africans. Africans traditional religion is the fundamental religion of the indigenous African people. The practice of African traditional religion varies widely from one place to another that some people tend to refer to it as religions; in the plural rather than one religion. It recognizes the supremacy of the Supreme Being, yet it sees the lesser divinities merely as intermediaries between the Supreme Being and man or agents of God (Opoku, 1978).
Western education is an eye opener it has served as a means of sustainable development over the years. It is a means of enlightenment and organization it creates room for advancement, growth, research and newer and better way of life. It brings sanity, clarity and understanding to its learners.
With the arrival of western education into the African continent it brought about the emergence of science and technology into the African society.
Science and technology is a means of accelerating creative process and improvement in the society. Science and technology make way for improved ideas, and it is a means of globalization and universality of information which African traditional religion is desperately in need of.
Unlike some other great and organized world religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam, African traditional religion has no written scriptures but it is rich in oral literature, these are reflected in its traditional philosophy and culture which embraces all aspect of life: religion, custom, conventional acts, games, taboos, folklore, story telling proverbs, traditional education legends, mythical beliefs, tales, songs and lyrics. All these project the tremendous richness of African traditional religion but which are hidden and enclosed in the belly of adherents of African traditional religion.
Africans have been ignorant people which lacked knowledge right from the time of our fore fathers. Our fore-bearers were ignorant in such a way that they never believed in the universality of knowledge. Whatever knowledge they had was with them alone and they lived and died with it.
Despite the fact that African traditional religion was non-scriptural according to (Bashir 2002) and was passed down to other generations through the word of mouth, some basic and important things were omitted and hidden because they want to be forever recognized and respected for their magical powers so they belief if other could do what they could do they would not have much regard and younger generation would not venerate them, take for example Sango which is much highly respect and recognized due to his magical power of striking thunder upon his enemies and bringing forth flames and smoke from his mouth.
Due to some of these major facts I have mentioned above African traditional religion has lacked major development and growth.
With the progress made by western education and civilization and the impact of science and technology African tradition religion would attain a major development and would be made a universal religion.
In the aspect of western education in the development of African traditional religion, western education is going to serve as an eye opener and kill the ignorance of the adherent of African traditional religion and bring about promotion, professionalism and scholars in the religion.
Increasing evidence indicates that creation is just beginning and humans are just starting to understand that we may have been given creative talents possibly so we can become helpers in a divine accelerating creative process, so the old ways of structuring religion which are not adequate for future progress would be eliminated.
African traditional religion could be said to be going to the highest lime-light, because with western educational hanging around the corridors of its adherent the universality of these religion could be made possible it would no longer be seen as a continental religion in the shores of African origins. Information is another important aspect of a religion. Like other great world religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam; information made them to have achieved a great stand in the society and its adherents being free to proclaim their religion publicly; information is going to be a great deal of help to African traditional religion because for it to be able to achieve universality as a religion it needs information the non-adherent of African traditional religion would be able to understand the African traditionalist are not pagan take for example Bolaji Idowu’s feature of African traditional religion.
1. Believe in God; they believe that God is the author of religion and that he is the wholly order and he is above all divinities and Idowu also stated that apart from God other things in African traditional religion are of little or no significance, all are from him, by him and responsible to him.
2. Belief in divinities - divinities are divine beings their powers are derived from the supreme God and He appoints them to serve in his theocratic administration and maintenance of the universe.
3. Belief in spirits: According to Bolaji Idowu spirits are power which are almost abstractive as shades or vapours which takes on human shape spirits are usually “ubiquitors” (being everywhere at the same time).
4. Belief in the ancestors: ancestors are believed in African traditional religion to be spirits of their fore fathers, they are no longer visible in the sense that they have become spirits but they still play dormant role in the running of the affairs of the family to which they belong, while still here an earth they receive sacrifices from them from time to time.
5. The practice of magic and medicine: adherents of African traditional religion believe in the phenomenon of magic and medicine by magic we mean the act of making use of nature and supernatural forces for the benefit of human or man.
Medicine means the science of the prevention treatment and cure of the diseases.
With adequate explanation and awareness of this information about the feature of Idowu African traditional religion we would be able to see that African traditional religion is in relative to the world greatest religion like Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Just like Judaism, Christianity and Islam African traditional religion believe in God. Divinity in relative to the other world great religion could be referred to prophet Mohammed (S.A.W) in Islam and Jesus Christ in Christianity and Judaism they all serve as intermediary between man and God.
Spirits exist in every religion both Christianity, Islam and Judaism so also it is in African traditional religion.
Ancestors in African traditional religion could be referred to those that have lived extra-ordinary life like saints in Christianity and Judaism.
The practice of magic and medicine can be related to miracles and wonders in the world great religion that is Judaism, Islam and Christianity.
With adequate information which is as a result of western education and civilizations African traditional religion could be related to the world great religions which are Christianity, Islam and Judaism.
Science and technology is the key to a sustainable development in every society of the world today, every aspect of life that requires substantial development has or need the help of science and technology even religions, African traditional religion would not be an exception like the world great religions Judaism Christianity and Islam to have reached the level which they are today, they have in one way or the other been entrenched to the whim of science and technology.
The great world religions we all know today are scriptural unlike African traditional religion that is non-scriptural, with science and technology today we have electronic bible, electronic Quran on mobile phones, laptop and even ipods and MP4. We have preaching, sermons and messages on tapes, cassette, CD and MP3.
The other world great religion could also take their religion to air like radio stations and television stations to evangelize and get new converts.
Since western education, civilization and science and technology is available to African traditionalist then African traditional religion can be said to have a brighter future because of the possibility of achieving the level of popularity those world great religions has achieved, it could also be attained by African traditional religion.
Since the adherent of African traditional religion are either afraid or not given the listening ear to evangelize their religion in other to win converts to African traditional religion, in the aspect of not being able to face the people or being afraid they can employ any of the means science and technology has provided; like recording a message on the tape, Mp3 and radio stations and also video messages on CD television stations, cable network television and also messages of the religion could be posted on the internet.
With all these science and technological means African traditions religion would be well recognized in the whole world, the basic fact and the motive of the religion would be known by even Non-Africans and Africans that has been blind-folded by the western religion and are not taking time to study or look into the religion of their fore-bearers because of their negative impression of the religion which is as a result of ignorance, it could not be said the Africans which are non-adherent of African traditional religions, do not know the truth so they were easily swayed off by the western religion because of their teachings, information facts, supports and evidence given to them which African traditional religion did not fully posses.
With these western educations, civilization and the impact of science and technology African traditional religion would be made one of the world great religions in the future.
Taking a look at the future of African traditional religion in its progression, African traditional religion has been alive in the early 2000s but often continued to be described erroneously, as animism. Indigenous religions face prejudice from other religions-converts to Islam and Christianity still call African traditional religions paganism. Hackett has argued that indigenous religions are being revitalized through the universalization, modernization, politicization, commercialization, and individualization of religious ideas and practices. African traditional religion have a future for many reasons .first, these religions articulate world view that continue to provide a basis for morality, supporting what Laurent Magesa has called “the moral traditional of abundant life” secondly African traditional religions are linked to royal authority, influencing the selection and installation of royals and their system of governance third celebrations and rituals will keep indigenous religions alive. Fourthly, the need for healing will keep African traditional religions alive. Fifth, the survival of African traditional religions in the Diaspora is testimony to their staying power sixth, the scholarly study of African traditional religions could contribute to their survival. Growth depends upon how practitioners address issues in daily life. African traditional religions have always paid attention to individuals and the community; such attention in the twenty first century have a contemporary society is need of revitalization.
African traditional religion has a better future in the hands of science and technology, western education as well as civilization.
1. Sir John Templeton; the humble approach in theology and science (Templeton foundation press Philadelphia and London).
2. E. Bolaji Idowu; African traditional religion a definition (fountain publication 1991).
3. Udo Ekuk, Religion and cultural identity (Hope publication Ibadan, Nigeria).
4. Sa’adu A.K. Alanamu; An Introduction comparative religion in Nigeria.
5. Blier, Suzanne Preston. African Vodun: Art, psychology, and power. Chicago: (University of Chicago Press, 1995).
6. Antony Copley: Religions in conflict (Oxford University Press).
7. Fortes, Meyer. Religion, Morality and the person: Essays on tallens; Religion. Cambridge, UK, (Cambridge University Press 1987).
8. Hackett, Rosalind I.J. Art and religion in African London: Cassell 1996.
9. Ranger, Terence, and I.N. Kimambo, eds. The historical study of African religion. Berkeley (University of California Press, 1972).
10. Lawal, Babatunde. The gelede spectacle: Art, Gender, and social harmony in an African culture. Seattle (University of Washington Press, 1996).
|Re: The Future Of African Traditional Religion. by mace11: 2:02am On Mar 17, 2013|
I think you are misinformed.The nile valley faiths have written text for thier religions.Ancient egypt has written scriptures,so do the nubian,the axumites,and i think berber as well.
later african culture too like yoruba,and some others but those are more recent or early modern.
Here is one example.
The land of saba in yemen had text of course they are black,of course southwest asia is not africa but folks living there were blacks and some still are today and that land is close to africa.
Coptic sudanese,nubians,ethiopians and some other older christians had/have writtn text.So do african Islam.coptic christian and african islam is a traditional african religion.
It true that is not has native but it's been in africa for along time and it's africanized,so it's traditional.
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We’ve all hear of yoga and massage but what is thai yoga massage? Here is the official definition from wikipedia, where is is referred to as thai massaged.
“Thai massage is a type of massage in Thai style that involves stretching and deep massage. This form of bodywork is usually performed on the floor, and the client wears comfortable clothes that allow for movement. No oils are used in Thai massage. It is known in Thailand as “nuat phaen boran” (Thai: นวดแผนโบราณ, IPA: [nuɑt pʰɛn boraːn]), literally, the ancient-manner massage; or just “nuat phaen thai” (นวดแผนไทย). Thai massage originated in India and is based on Ayurveda and Yoga. It was believed that the massage art was brought over to Thailand by Shivago Komarpaj over 2500 years ago.”
Yoga massage is also referred to as thai massage or nuad boran which is based on the Indian healing teachings called Ayurveda. Which translateds in english to “life knowledge”, per this teaching each personal is composed of 3 body types or doshes these are vata(air), pitta(fire-water) and kapha(earth-water). Practiciniers use these 3 body types to adjust there treatment approach for each individual.
This thai yoga massage is performed on a mat on the floor, simliar to how most yoga displieces are praticed. The trainer or practitioner are both dressed in comfortable cloths that make sure not to restricted their movement. Also, this type of massage doesn’t envolve any type of specifiec massage oils or creams.
Each pose in yoga massage is connected to one of the tridoshic compisitions. The rhytym and intensity of each pose is guded by the Ayuvedic guidelines. Vata is slow and gentle, Pitta is nonvigorouse and relaxing then Kapha is energetic an uplifting.
The massage praticiniers determines which dosh best applied to each client, this is typically choosing the opposite nature which will help to increase the strength of their weaker doshes. This varies by the clientes vata types.
The thai yoga massage is based on the lotus palm method, which is a symbol of loving, kindness and compassion. This method or form’s main focus is the maximize the results while using the least amount of effect. This is accomplished by using the proper body alignment, position and movement in tandem with position of the practinier.
Here are the 4 basics of the palm method.
1. Moment to Moment & Loving Kindness Meditation
2. Stances which establish proper body alignment
3. Rhythmic Rocking which sets the flow of the massage
4. Massage Techniques
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10 Classic Sitcoms
Selecting the 10 classic sitcoms brings back memories of hilarity and fun. The classic sitcoms aren't necessarily the best sitcoms ever made, but are, instead, the situation comedies that had an impact on our culture. In many ways, these programs are as relevant today as they were when they were first made.
“The Andy Griffith Show.” This isn't just a classic sitcom, it's one of the best television shows of any genre ever broadcast. The show is still popular in reruns even though its last original episode was broadcast more than 40 years ago. This show is a classic because it gave us such memorable characters as Barney, Aunt Bee, Otis the drunk, Floyd the barber, Goober and Gomer.
“I Love Lucy.” Even though this show dates from the dawn of television, it too, is still in reruns. Lucille Ball is a comedic genius on a par with Charlie Chaplain, and this show and its supporting cast create the perfect venue for Lucy to showcase her talents.
“All in the Family.” This show is a classic sitcom if for no other reason than it broke all of the rules and smashed all of the boundaries. Television was never the same after Archie Bunker was unleashed on the country along with an assortment of unforgettable characters like “the Meathead” and “the Dingbat.”
“Seinfeld.” This is possibly the most consistently original show ever seen on television. The casting is so successful that it is difficult to decide which character is your favorite.
“Mash.” This classic sitcom features Alan Alda channeling Groucho Marx. The one-liners never stop. This comedy also had the resiliency to survive a number of major cast changes.
“Leave it to Beaver.” This depiction of the All-American family is still in reruns. It appeals to both kids and adults and is a classic because it is the best of the sitcoms from its era depicting the ideal family.
“Happy Days.” “The Fonz” became such a dominating presence on this classic sitcom that it's easy to forget that he was originally a supporting character. This comedy is about nostalgia and the epitome of cool.
“The Cosby Show.” In its day, this show was must-see TV. This comedy revolved around a doctor and his family and was set in New York. Bill Cosby is superb, and the show is so hilariously funny that it has had a long life in reruns.
“Cheers.” This classic sitcom was nearly canceled early in its run, but survived to last eleven years. This is one of the most character-dominated shows in television history, and it spawned the successful “Fraser” series.
“Gilligan's Island.” Yes, you can argue that shows like “The Honeymooners,” “The Mary Tyler Moore Show,” “The Bob Newhart Show” or “the Dick Van Dyke Show” belong on this list before this goofy comedy, but “Gilligan's Island” is such an iconic show that it must be included on the list of classic sitcoms. Despite its ridiculous plots, this show has been loved by several generations of kids and still has an enormous following today.
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In the fall of 1975, President Gerald Ford was finding trouble wherever he turned. He’d been in office just over a year, but he remained “acutely aware” that he was the only person in U.S. history to become the chief executive without being elected. His pardon of Richard Nixon, whose resignation after the Watergate scandal had put Ford in the White House, was still controversial. Democratic voters had turned out in droves in the congressional midterm elections, taking 49 seats from the Republicans and significantly increasing their party’s majority in the House. Now the presidential election was just a year away, and popular California Governor Ronald Reagan was poised to challenge Ford for the GOP nomination.
But his political troubles were only the beginning. On September 5, 1975, Ford spoke at the California state capitol in Sacramento. He was walking toward a crowd in a park across the street when a woman in a red robe stepped forward and pointed a Colt semi-automatic pistol at him. Secret Service Agent Larry Buendorf spotted the gun, leaped in front of Ford and wrestled Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme, a member of the Charles Manson family, to the ground before she could fire.
On September 22, Ford was at the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco when a five-time divorcee named Sara Jane Moore fired a .38 caliber revolver at him from across the street. Her shot missed the president’s head by several feet before Oliver Sipple, a former Marine standing in the crowd, tackled her.
And on the evening of October 14, Ford’s motorcade was in Hartford, Connecticut, when a 19-year-old named James Salamites accidentally smashed his lime-green 1968 Buick into the president’s armored limousine. Ford was uninjured but shaken. The car wreck was emblematic of the chaos he was facing.
Back in Washington, Vice President Nelson Rockefeller represented a problem. Ford had appointed him in August of 1974 mainly because the former governor of New York was seen to be free from any connections to Watergate. The president had assured Rockefeller that he would be a “full partner” in his administration, particularly in domestic policy, but from the start, the White House chief of staff, Donald Rumsfeld, and his deputy Dick Cheney worked to neutralize the man they viewed as a New Deal economic liberal. They isolated him to the point where Rockefeller, when asked what he was allowed to do as vice president, said, “I go to funerals. I go to earthquakes.” Redesigning the vice presidential seal, he said, was “the most important thing I’ve done.”
With the 1976 election looming, there were grumblings from the more conservative Ford staffers that Rockefeller was too old and too liberal, that he was a “commuting” vice president who was more at home in New York, that Southerners would not support a ticket with him on it in the primaries, especially against Reagan. To shore up support on the right, Rumsfeld and Cheney, who had already edged out some of the president’s old aides, helped to persuade Ford to dump Rockefeller.
On October 28, Ford met with Rockefeller and made it clear that he wanted the vice president to remove himself from the ticket. “I didn’t take myself off the ticket,” Rockefeller would later tell friends. “He asked me to do it.” The next day, Ford gave a speech denying federal aid to spare the City of New York from bankruptcy—aid Rockefeller had lobbied for. The decision—immortalized in the New York Daily News headline, “FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD”—was yet another indication of Rockefeller’s waning influence. In haste and some anger, he wrote Ford a letter saying he was withdrawing as a candidate for vice president.
That wasn’t the only shakeup within Ford’s administration. Bryce Harlow, a former Nixon adviser, lobbyist and outside adviser to the president, noted the appearance of “internal anarchy” among the Nixon holdovers at the White House and the cabinet, particularly among Defense Secretary James Schlesinger, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and CIA Director William Colby. Kissinger was particularly incensed over Colby’s testimony in congressional hearings on CIA activities. “Every time Bill Colby gets near Capitol Hill, the damn fool feels an irresistible urge to confess to some horrible crime,” Kissinger snarled.
Harlow met with Ford’s White House staff, known to Kissinger as the “kitchen cabinet,” and the problem was quickly apparent to him, too. He advised Ford, “You have to fire them all.”
In what became known as the Halloween Massacre, Ford nearly did just that. On November 3, 1975, the president announced that Rockefeller had withdrawn from the ticket and that George H.W. Bush had replaced William Colby as director of the CIA. Schlesinger, too, was out, to be replaced by Rumsfeld. Kissinger would remain secretary of state, but Brent Scowcroft would replace him as national security adviser. And Cheney would replace Rumsfeld, becoming, at age 34, the youngest chief of staff in White House history.
Ford intended the moves as both a show of independence and a bow to his party’s right wing in advance of his primary fight against Reagan. Though advisors agreed that Kissinger’s outsized role in foreign policy made Ford appear less presidential, many observers viewed the shakeup as a blatant power grab engineered by Rumsfeld.
Rockefeller was one of them. Still vice president, he warned Ford, “Rumsfeld wants to be president of the United States. He has given George Bush the deep six by putting him in the CIA, he has gotten me out.… He was third on your list and now he has gotten rid of two of us.… You are not going to be able to put him on the because he is defense secretary, but he is not going to want anybody who can possibly be elected with you on that ticket.… I have to say I have a serious question about his loyalty to you.”
The Republican presidential primaries were as bruising as predicted, but conservatives were infuriated when Reagan promised to name “liberal” Pennsylvania Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate in a move designed to attract centrists. Ford won the nomination, narrowly. After Reagan made it clear that he would never accept the vice presidency, Ford selected Kansas Senator Bob Dole as his running mate in 1976, but the sagging economy and the fallout from the Nixon pardon enabled the Democrat, Jimmy Carter, the former Georgia governor, to win a close race.
At the time, Ford said he alone was responsible for the Halloween Massacre. Later, he expressed regret: “I was angry at myself for showing cowardice in not saying to the ultraconservatives, ‘It’s going to be Ford and Rockefeller, whatever the consequences.’ ” And years later, he said, “It was the biggest political mistake of my life. And it was one of the few cowardly things I did in my life.”
Articles: “Behind the Shake-up: Ford Tightens Grip,” by Godfrey Sperling Jr., Christian Science Monitor, November 4, 1975. “Ford’s Narrowing Base,” by James Reston, New York Times, November 7, 1975. “Enough is Enough” by Tom Braden, Washington Post, November 8. 1975. “A No-Win Position” by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Washington Post, November 8, 1975. “Context of ‘November 4, 1975 and After: Halloween Massacre’ Places Rumsfeld, Cheney in Power,” History Commons, http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a11041975halloween. “Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, 41st Vice President (1974-1977)” United States Senate, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Nelson_Rockefeller.htm. “The Long March of Dick Cheney,” by Sidney Blumenthal, Salon, November 24, 2005. “Infamous ‘Drop Dead’ ” Was Never Said by Ford,” by Sam Roberts, New York Times, December 28, 2006.
Books: Timothy J. Sullivan, New York State and the Rise of Modern Conservatism: Redrawing Party Lines, State University of New York Press, Albany, 2009. Jussi Hanhimaki, The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy, Oxford University Press, 2004. Walter Isaacson, Kissinger: A Biography, Simon & Schuster, 1992.
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I've noticed that many authors discuss "building" their novels using scenes as the fundamental building block. Be it by software or notecard, the scenes are identified, arranged and written, then chapter divisions made. From what I have read, it appears to be the accepted method of novel writing these days. Does anyone know when (and where) it first started to be used?
The reason I ask is that 25+ years ago I received my undergraduate degree in Creative Writing and although I had a number of courses in fiction writing, I can't recall ever even hearing about scenes in writing. Nor were they mentioned in my literature courses. Is it something relatively new or were my undergraduate studies subpar?
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Athena Starwoman, Australia’s most famous astrologer, died on Dec. 16 of breast cancer. She was in her 50s.
Starwoman maintained an air of mystery about her personal life. Although she was born under the astrological sign of Cancer, few knew her real name or background. Her publicity materials claimed she had a mystical lineage and had spent time studying under a Native-American shaman.
Starwoman built an astrological empire as a popular horoscope writer and media personality. Her celestial advice column appeared in Vogue, Woman’s Day and in newspapers all over the world. She ran an online astrology business that offered seminars and readings and published several books, including “Zodiac Athena’s Sunsigns: The Long-Awaited Guide to the Stars by Vogue’s Renowned Astrologer,” “Think Yourself Thin: Amazing Psychic Technique to Reach Your Perfect Weight” and “How to Turn Your Ex-Boyfriend Into a Toad.”
In recent years, Starwoman divided her time between Australia’s Gold Coast and a $3 million, 1-bedroom apartment on The World of ResidenSea cruise liner.
“With her unique style, sharp wit and indomitable spirit, Athena will be fondly remembered by her family, friends and fans as a true, shining star,” Athena’s husband, inspirational speaker John Demartini said in a written statement.
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Alien-seeking space observatory to hover between Earth and sun
The European Space Agency is set to build a space-based observatory to scan the cosmos for habitable worlds outside our solar system.
The search for alien worlds has received an unprecedented burst of energy, with the European Space Agency's (ESA) vote this week to fund a 34-telescope observatory that will scan the sky for habitable planets, from a fixed spot between Earth and the sun.
The new PLATO mission (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars) projects a 2024 launch of the observatory, which will seek out the Earth-like planets believed to orbit neighboring stars, as part of ESA's Cosmic Vision program.
“PLATO will begin a completely new chapter in the exploration of extrasolar planets” said Heike Rauer, an astrophysicist with the German Aerospace Center, who leads the PLATO mission. “We will find planets that orbit their star in the life-sustaining ‘habitable’ zone: planets where liquid water is expected, and where life as we know it can be maintained.”
In the past 20 years, search missions run by both ESA and NASA have located over 1,000 exoplanets orbiting alien suns. But of those, very few dwell at habitable distances from their suns, and those that do are unlivable for other reasons. None of the identified exoplanets has yet yielded precise determinations of its mass, radius, or age.
PLATO's focus on life-likely planets sets it apart from existing planet-seeking missions, as does its destination: a so-called Lagrangian point between the Earth and the sun, where the two bodies' competing gravitational pulls will hold the satellite in place.
Unlike points on Earth, or in the orbital paths of other satellites, this stable location will allow the observatory to scan its interstellar quarry continuously, without Earth itself blocking half the sky, the blinding interruption of terrestrial daylight, or the blurring caused by Earth's atmosphere.
Using 34 telescopes rather than a single lens, the PLATO mission will transport the largest Earthly camera system ever to be launched into space, whose sensors will have a combined surface area of almost ten square feet.
"The individual telescopes can be combined in many different modes and bundled together, leading to unprecedented capabilities to simultaneously observe both bright and dim objects," explained a press release from England's University of Warwick, whose physicist, Don Pollacco, leads PLATO's science consortium.
The telescopes will look for flickers in starlight that indicate the passage of an orbiting planet. Having pinpointed a planet, they will then measure its radius and mass, measurements which are necessary to distinguish between a gassy, low-density, uninhabitable planet like Neptune, and a rocky, iron-hearted orb like Earth.
Hundreds of researchers from across Europe and the world are working together on the PLATO mission, which plans to examine one million stars across half the sky.
PLATO is one of three Cosmic Vision projects now underway. The Solar Orbiter mission, which will conduct close-up observations of the sun, is planned for launch in 2017. And Euclid, an exploration of dark energy and dark matter, is planned for a 2020 launch. Each of these missions out-competed PLATO in prior applications for Cosmic Vision funding.
While Earth await's PLATO's launch, the search for exoplanets continues. NASA's TESS mission and ESA's ChEOPS mission, both scheduled for 2017 launches, will scan the sky as they orbit Earth. NASA's Kepler space observatory, which has been trailing Earth's path around the sun for the same purpose since 2009, remains aloft but can no longer point itself toward specific stars ever since the second of its four stabilizing wheels failed in May 2013.
While the prospect of meeting unrelated life forms has never stopped fascinating humans, the search for Earth-like planets promises other thrills as well.
“The observation of planets in many different states of their evolution will give us clues for the past and the future of our own planetary system," said Dr. Rauer. “By no means do we know all about the youth of our Solar System.”
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All Sisters of Mercy worldwide trace our roots to our founder, Catherine McAuley, an Irish Catholic laywoman.
Catherine recognized the many needs of people who were economically poor in early nineteenth century Ireland and determined that she and women like her could make a difference.
Spending her inheritance, she opened the first House of Mercy on Lower Baggot Street in Dublin, Ireland on September 24, 1827, a place to shelter and educate women and girls. Catherine's original intention was to assemble a lay corps of Catholic social workers. Impressed by her good works and the importance of continuity in the ministry, the Archbishop of Dublin advised her to establish a religious congregation. Three years later on December 12, 1831, Catherine and two companions became the first Sisters of Mercy.
In the 10 years between the founding and her death, she established 14 independent foundations in Ireland and England.
Visit Mercy International Association’s website to read more about Catherine’s life and the Cause to Canonize her.
Sisters of Mercy in America
The first Sisters of Mercy arrived in the United States from Ireland in 1843 at the invitation of the Bishop of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Their energy in ministering to the sick and economically poor attracted so many new members that by 1854, sisters had come from Ireland to settle in New York City; Chicago, Illinois; Little Rock, Arkansas; and San Francisco, California, spreading across the country and establishing schools and hospitals. Since then, the works of Mercy have expanded to embrace education, health care and pastoral and social services in hundreds of sites today.
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This class will discuss and present the smart way to use Revit software and Dynamo software for underground utilities design. This design process, especially for oil and gas plants, is in a constant state of change; hence, it is necessary to find a way to save hours of tedious work. We can achieve this goal by developing "smart" families able to move and adapt according to calculation, simultaneously respecting design and clients' standards. We can synchronize the families' data with the hydraulic calculation by using Dynamo to connect the calculation report to the model with a simple "run." In this way, the pipes routing gets updated, and with this, all quantities and drawings, reducing considerably the time related to these activities.
- Learn how to use Revit and Dynamo for the underground utilities design of a real oil and gas plant
- Learn how to build “smart” pits using the Revit Family Editor
- Understand how to automate and synchronize your utilities design with Dynamo
- Learn how to connect your calculation report to the model
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Make An Appointment
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Get to Know All About Stem Cell Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition that significantly influences the metabolism of glucose. For energy production and normal functioning, glucose is needed by the cells. This glucose comes from the food we consume in the blood which is transferred by an essential hormone known as insulin to the cellular level. When the body eats the meal, it breaks down into glucose and other foods that are later ingested by the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream. Then this glucose is transported to the cells from the blood stream. When the body is either unable to prepare insulin or unable to respond to insulin, diabetes occurs. Diabetes can primarily be categorised into two large groups, such as Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes, formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, occurs due to the failure of the body to use insulin. It accounts for more than 90 percent of diabetes cases and is the most prevalent type of diabetes.
Stem Cell Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in Delhi, India
People are searching for stem cell therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Delhi, India, but can’t seem to find the Best stem cell center or hospitals for Type 2 Diabetes at an affordable price. Global Stem Cell Care helps those patients to finding best hospitals for the Type 2 Diabetes stem cell treatment in Delhi, India
Do you Know about Type 2 Diabetes?
At the end of 2013, nearly 2 million people died due to diabetes. More than 80% of the deaths are from lower and middle-income countries, according to the epidemiology report. This suggests that, by the year 2020, diabetes will kill over 6.4 million people.
Unfortunately, experts are unable to establish the root mechanisms of diabetes type 2. And though the causes mentioned above are mostly linked with type 2 diabetes, some have also been discovered to be related.
Overweightness is the greatest risk factor for developing diabetes. People with more body fat would have an increased level of insulin resistance.
When the fat is contained in the liver, the probability of diabetes is greater than when the fat is stored elsewhere.
Since the weight is regulated by the rising amount of physical exercise, individuals with diabetes are less vulnerable to contracting it. A habit of at least 60 minutes of exercise per week is strongly recommended.
Personal History:— The probability of developing the condition rises with the number of family members who are affected by it.
Besides these points listed, other risk factors for Diabetes are considered to include:
How old are you?
What colour or nationality do you associate with?
Diabetes in which blood sugar levels are elevated, but not high enough to be listed as diabetes
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Any forms with Type 2 Diabetes may not present any symptoms for some time. The disorder may be ignored for several years, although a variety of symptoms may serve as warning signals, such as Global Stem Cell Care is the best and the most experienced provider of stem cell therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Delhi, India. We have a due diligent team of experienced staff to take care of the patients.
- The Appetite Rose
- Increased Hunger Followed By Excessive Urination
- The Method Of Losing Extra Pounds
- Feeling Lethargic, Anxious, And Moody
- Exhaustion And Debilitation
- Vision That Has Been Distorted
- Uterine Candidiasis In Females
- Lighten The Skin In Dark Places
Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes may be diagnosed by conducting a series of blood tests, one of which includes calculating the amount of sugar in the blood following a meal. Other tests to detect the problem may involve a number of exams, such as
Brittle skin and numb feet/legs are likely in this situation.
Respiratory disease such as pneumonia
Vomiting or getting nauseous
Fruity scent in your mouth
In respect to type 1 diabetes, patients are able to produce insulin, but the insulin is unable to be used by the body because the body is either not getting enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin because it cannot. As a result, glucose in the blood stream increases, as the body is unable to pass glucose to various cells. This promotes hyperglycemia. When cells can’t use glucose for nutrition, their working is greatly slowed.
Your doctor will monitor your blood sugar levels if he or she feels you have type 2 diabetes. When you do not have enough insulin, they can measure your urine for glucose or chemicals your body produces.
Type 2 diabetes is primarily the result of two interrelated problems:
- Cells in muscle, fat, and the liver become resistant to insulin. Because these cells don’t interact in a standard way with insulin, they don’t take in enough sugar.
- The pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels.
Exactly why this happens is unknown, but being overweight and inactive are vital contributing factors.
PhysiotherapyType 2 diabetes often occurs in children and adults who are overweight and live a sedentary lifestyle. It is shown that approximately 80% of patients receiving physical therapy services have diabetes, pre-diabetes, or at least one risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A physical therapist can utilize exercise programs as an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, and it has been proven that regular physical activity is crucial to sustaining low blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity.
AcupunctureAcupuncture is a technique in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the body – most often by inserting thin needles through the skin. It is one of the most effective practices used in traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture stimulates nerve fibers to transmit signals to the spinal cord and brain, activating the body’s central nervous system. Acupuncture could help regulate your pancreas function and insulin levels. And clinical trials imply that the anti-obesity effect of acupuncture could work with traditional diabetes treatment to reduce the impact of some diabetes symptoms.
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)MNT is a crucial component of diabetes education and management. MNT is defined as a nutrition-based treatment provided by a registered dietitian nutritionist. It includes a nutrition diagnosis as well as therapeutic and counseling services to help manage diabetes. People with diabetes should be educated about the importance of consuming nutrient-dense foods such as fruits and vegetables and a well-balanced diet to ensure adequate micronutrient intake for the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle.
HydrotherapyThis therapy for type 2 diabetes has direct effects on blood sugar control, blood pressure management, weight loss, and circulation and may replace traditional exercise for people with mobility issues. Additionally, hydrotherapy has benefits for reducing stress, boosting mood, relieving pain, and improving sleep. Aquatic therapy increases the rehabilitation process and supports the efficiency of stem cell treatment. Patients can benefit from hydrotherapy at home in the form of therapeutic soaker tubs. Heated soaker tubs, whirlpool and jetted tubs and hydro-massage tubs provide the ultimate therapeutic experience.
Fahd Abbas From Kuwait Came To India For Stem Cell Therapy To Treat Type 2 Diabetes
Hi, I am Fahd, and I visited India with my family to treat my condition. While searching for the same, I learned about stem cell treatment for type 2 diabetes...
Andrea Visited India For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes
Hi, I am Andrea, and I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes when I was 13 years old. And from the past few years, my life has been challenging. After...
30 years old, Sushant Bali underwent stem cell treatment for type 2 diabetes
I had type 2 diabetes for years, and it was getting worse. I had heard about stem cell therapy but was also scared of it. But then I learned about Global...
Ema Came To India For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Via Stem Cell Therapy
Hi, my name is Ema from USA, and I visited India for stem cell treatment. I am a type 2 diabetic and was finding a natural and effective cure for...
- Intravenous administration
- Liberation angioplasty
- Intrathecal (lumber puncture)
- Surgical administration for stroke
The following is the structure that is followed during the implantation stage:
Stem cells are the mother cells responsible for the creation of a whole human body from a tiny embryo of two cells; due to their limitless divisions and powerful ability to discern between all cells of different lineages. The technology has used this ability of stem cells to separate them outside the human body, focusing in the sterile atmosphere, and implanting them back.
stem cell therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Delhi, India, thus requires the administration in the desired region of localised cells, where they can colonise in the damaged area, modify the properties of resident stem cells, and initiate any of the missing functions impaired by the disease or injury.
Different data are available indicating in vitro differentiation of stem cells into beta-cell-producing insulin. As a consequence of inducing the secretion of multiple immune cells to combat the individual’s autoimmunity, these cells may also serve to establish a microenvironment. We have perfected the technology for isolating the full number of viable stem cells from either your own body’s autologous origins or allogeneically treating different patients with a compatible donor. We are a registered, private company with an impressive, well-equipped state-of-the-art laboratory to separate the process and enrich the viable amount of stem cells that can be re-infused into the body of the patient. These cells are normally administered, based on the advise of our specialist, by any of the methods listed below:
Local Administration:-Cell are injected directly at the intended site of injury by this mode.
Intravenous administration:- This mode infuses cells across the veins to maximise the flow of blood in the central nervous system to guarantee that the full number of cells enters the target area.
These cells can be repopulated in the weakened areas of the pancreas until injected back into the bloodstream, through their effective paracrine effects and divide into missing or damaged beta cells, induce vasculogenesis, and can also initiate the secretion of new immune cells.
Get Stem Cell Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Although embryonic stem cells are present only in the early stages of human life, mother stem cells have the ability to shape the whole human body from a single-celled embryo. They are able to separate and differentiate into all the cells of different ancestry. This efficient stem cell technology has been used to separate and concentrate stem cells outside the body, and then transplant them. Thus, in order to treat a disease or injury, stem cells are delivered in the targeted region to enable them to colonise, conform to the properties of local stem cells, and start working again in the affected portion. There are a number of evidence showing that in vitro-derived stem cells can differentiate into insulin-producing beta cells. Also, these cells tend to make a micro environment, and then allows the release of various immune cells to help counteract the individual’s autoimmunity.
How Global Stem Cell Care Therapy Works ?
The technology we have built to recognise the largest amount of viable stem cells from either your own autologous origins or matched donor’s blood is capable of isolating a significant number of stem cells for the care of children with ASD.
We are the accredited, private company with the state-of-the-art facility that can separate processes and enrich stem cells that can be re-infused into the patient’s body. Based on our expert’s recommendations, these cells can be administered by any of the following methods:
In this setup, cell infusions are added straight to the injury site. To expand blood volumes in the central nervous system, the maximum number of cells can be supplied by intravenous injection.
If these cells have been returned to the body, they can be used to repair the weakened areas of the pancreas by their powerful paracrine effects, and divide into pancreatic beta cells that have been destroyed or damaged.
They can also be used to facilitate the development of new blood vessels and the secretion of new immune cells. When treated with our regular medication, though, diabetes cannot be reversed, however it can surely be kept under control.
VIP Treatment to Patients at Global Stem Cell Care
- The therapy sessions given to the patients at Global Stem Cell Care occur in the VIP treatment room in the advanced clinic.
- 24*7 supervision is maintained on the patients by the efficient medical team.
- Global Stem Cell Care highly recommends the patients stay for a minimum of 3 days in Hospital.
Global Stem Cell care Treatment Procedure
- Pick up from the Airport to the Hospital
- Interaction between Dr and Patient, to clear all their doubts at that time
- Admission procedure
- Clinical examination & Lab test will be done prescribed by the doctor
- Supportive Therapy
- Stem cell Procedure
- Supportive therapies
- Supportive Therapy
- Discharging formalities
- Drop back to the Airport
- For Admission, carry the identity card (Passport/ Pan Card / Driving License)
- Carry the hard copy of Patient reports
What to Expect from Stem Cell Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?
To cure diabetes, physicians will use stem cells to produce new insulin-producing cells, which the pancreas no longer produces. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90% of diabetes cases globally, is harder to handle because of the risks.
It is usually seen in people that are overweight or whose hormonal equilibrium is out of whack.
People with type 2 diabetes have cells that help produce insulin, but they have the most trouble making it because of a concern elsewhere
They have become insulin resistant. Insulin is found in the bloodstream, but the cells have lost the capacity to balance blood sugar with insulin.
It isn’t enough to merely restore the insulin-producing cells that have been killed. stem cell treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in India, offered by a reliable and experienced doctors and specialists provide you the best and the most reliable treatment.
- Global Stem Cell Care is the best and the most reliable stem cell treatment hospital in Delhi.
People who suffer from type 2 diabetes get stem cell treatment to lead a normal life.
Follow Up Follow Up
The follow-up is the most critical step in which the doctors determine the patient’s health. Without follow-up, it is not possible to complete the Type 2 Diabetes procedure. The patient needs to come to visit Best stem cell center for Type 2 Diabetes in India, according to the doctor’s advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
A. Type 2 diabetes is also known as adult-onset diabetes.
In comparison to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes (also known as “adult-onset diabetes”) can be found in both children and adults. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term disease marked by blood sugar levels that are greater than average because the body has impaired the capacity to use insulin efficiently.
A: Sugar stimulates the release of sugar into the bloodstream for energy.
B: Insulin is the hormone that makes the body use sugar (glucose) for energy.
When the body is unable to manufacture insulin on its own, it must be delivered by injection or by other way.
Prior to the advent of insulin therapy, people with type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, all had to take a kind of insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes patients who do not need insulin may benefit from insulin supplementation. Insulin products have multiple mechanisms and durations of action in the body.
It is generally known as the insulin-making organ of the body. Is it right to say that?
The pancreas is the organ of the body that makes insulin.
This organ, which is a little bigger than a clenched fist, is situated behind the lower portion of the stomach. Enzymes formed in the intestine assist in the digestion of food, while insulin (also known as the insulin hormone) helps to stabilise blood sugar levels.
A: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ in that type 1 is an infectious disease and type 2 is not.
B: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are two distinct diseases.
Previously, type 1 diabetes was known as juvenile diabetes because the pancreas makes little or no insulin, resulting in the condition occurring in infancy. Type 2 diabetes was formerly known as adult-onset diabetes since the condition frequently occurs later in life. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body’s ability to use and digest insulin provided by the pancreas diminishes.
Is one form of sandwich favoured over the other? What type of diabetes is it?
Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of all diabetes cases, with type 1 diabetes accounting for the remainder.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports that diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 75,578 death certificates listing it as the underlying cause of death (CDC).
A: A hereditary predisposition.
Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
In comparison to having type 2 diabetes and keeping a healthier weight, about nine out of ten individuals with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, and therefore their body’s capacity to use insulin effectively to regulate blood sugar levels is jeopardised.
Type 2 diabetes is also a risk factor for other people who may be at an elevated risk, including the elderly, people of colour, pregnant mothers, people who are under severe stress, or someone who takes a drug or has a genetic predisposition for the disease.
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Get Britain Cycling: "redesigning our roads, streets and communities"
Via the CTC I received an email from Jon Snow the other day informing me that the All Party Parliamentary Cycling Group (APPCG) is aiming for 10% of trips by bike by 2025 and 25% by 2050, and £10 per person per year in funding for cycling. Those are the headlines of the APPCG's Get Britain Cycling report which calls for a response from the Prime Minister and a radical transformation of streets and roads, as well as training, promotion and marketing to shift the culture on our roads. CTC, the national cycling charity, is calling on David Cameron to act and urges the Government to implement the report's 18 recommendations. Urgent action is required to address "Britain's chronic levels of obesity, heart disease, air pollution and congestion" to catch up with other countries in the developed world, etc etc.
Licensed vehicles in the UK rose from about 4 million in 1950 to over 34 million in 2010, not because cycling became less popular but because motoring became more popular, though the effect was the same: in the early 1950's cycling accounted for 12% of distance travelled – by 2010 it was only 0.5%. The APPCG says something must be done. Recommendations for...
- 20mph speed limit 'default' on urban streets and
- 40mph on many rural lanes
... should be supported by anyone who cares more about road safety than getting there in the shortest time possible (I do). This is good for cycling regardless of whether you believe in bicycle infrastructure or not. The same with:
- HGV safety 'through driver training and vehicle design' and
- 'strengthening the enforcement' of road traffic law.
Those proposals alone seem reason enough to petition the Prime Minister, who's already said "we need to get behind campaigns like this." Perhaps he will sign the petition himself and really 'get behind' it. However, I'm interested in what has happened – and what might happen – to the 'fabric' of roads and streets. Dismay as much as interest because here, Get Britain Cycling recommends things I disagree with, in particular:
Local authorities should seek to deliver cycle-friendly improvements across their existing roads, including small improvements, segregated routes, and road reallocation.
I have found what I think is my local Council's 'Cycling Strategy' for 2006/07 – 2011/12:
- The Council will improve the environment for cyclists in the following ways:
- reallocating road space in appropriate locations;
- requiring new development to make appropriate provision for secure cycle parking;
- protecting existing cycle routes from development;
- requiring new development to make appropriate provision on and, where appropriate, off site for cyclists;
- assessing the impacts of new development on all highway users, including cyclists;
- supporting the development of a cycle route network in accordance with the Council's Cycling Strategy.
I suspect this Council is typical of many if not most local authorities. They have no money (nor the prospect of any money) to do anything for cycling, they don't want to do anything, and even if they had, and did, they are not capable of putting it into practice. The amount of money needed to implement their own Policy, let alone Get Britain Cycling, is astronomical. So astronomical there would be public uproar at the wastage of funds and the disruption it would cause over many years, possibly even decades. "Redesigning our roads, streets and communities" is pie-in-the-sky.
From the report: "We were struck by the Highways Agency witnesses' candour in acknowledging that most of his profession had little knowledge or training in how to design for cycling."
I know this town well. They are the roads, more particularly the junctions, that anyone cycling from suburbia into town must use. There are no parks or disused railway lines as alternative places for cycle paths (although the town does have parks and disused railway lines). Hardly anyone cycles across these junctions, or even along the roads. The APPCG is saying, I think, that the Council should reallocate road space to introduce cycle-friendly segregated routes in these places so that more people will cycle to work, shops, etc. Even more kerbs, lanes, painted lines, signs, traffic signals, bollards and other barriers to add to the mix without even knowing whether it will make any difference to the number of cyclists.
When David Cameron became Prime Minister he spoke about The Big Society – a phrase that is rarely mentioned now but I think I remember the idea: something about local issues being sorted out locally under local democracy. In my opinion English local democracy is one of the finest models that exist. It is, or was, as clean as a whistle and as publicly responsive and accountable as anything can be without daily elections (nobody wants that). That is why the Council's 'Cycling Strategy' is a piece of paper that no-one has any intention of putting into practice: unwanted(3), unaffordable.
The ugly roads junctions illustrated in the photographs do actually work. They are market driven. When the Council's engineers haven't got the timing of traffic light sequences exactly right the democratic process, helped along by the local press, ensures it gets fixed straight away. When somebody trips over a kerb or falls in a pot hole the hazard is removed the next day. No-one complains about the visual mess the roads now are, that there are too many signs and so on (though I have read complaints about the nonsensical green-painted zones set aside for bicycles – the only reason I can imagine why they've not been removed is that cyclists are perhaps seen as a persecuted minority with a soft spot amongst Councillors).
Do it right (or not at all)
I don't share David Hembrow's 'view from the cycle path' on many things but I agree with some of what he's written in an article on 1 April 2013: "It makes no sense to campaign for something which isn't actually good enough." It makes no sense to do something which isn't actually good enough. It is better not even to start.
David wrote: Campaigners should be inspired by the best of Dutch infrastructure and be wary of distraction by things which don't have a proven record of success.
Unfortunately there sometimes seems to be a lack of "quality control" when people are inspired by what they see in other places, including what they see in the Netherlands.
That's the crux: quality control. The Netherlands knows how to segregate cyclists properly, uniformly across the whole country (more or less). It began in the 19th century and began again in the 1970's. I don't know the detailed history of cycling in the Netherlands but I have cycled there. My impression is that 1970's Dutch pro-cycling campaigners were pushing an open door. In Dutch cities for instance, 30% of traffic was already on bicycles, compared to about 5% in the UK. Everything about the Netherlands says "bicycle" – not just its culture but internal geography and how that country is put together. Investment to do things properly was politically desirable in a way that is unimaginable in modern Britain:
Maybe The Big Society really will produce local infrastructure solutions in keeping with Get Britain Cycling and to a proper standard in some towns. I don't think it will happen in my town. I would prefer to wind back the clock and restore the roads to the simple formula that existed for a few hundred years until the 1960's when highway planners, inspired, I think, by the Buchanan Report, began to lie down for the motor vehicle. I am not against motorised travel. Motorways are a success story and in many places a thing of beauty. To be able to cross the country at speed in my car (actually a van) with the bikes inside, safely and cheaply, is something I would rather not give up and of course few people, regardless of their politics and environmental credentials, would easily give up the conveniences they enjoy by other people driving on the roads, delivering goods, etc. To that extent we are all hypocrites.
I've signed the petition to the Prime Minister as I fully support the APPCG Get Britain Cycling report's ideas for 'Safe Driving And Safe Speed Limits' and 'Training and Education'. That can do nothing but good, not just for cyclists but for civil society. I suppose I'm also in favour of 'Political Leadership' on those issues although I am not sure how far it's the government's job to tell people how to live their lives.
See how this petition is doing compared to other petitions »
(100,000 signatures will trigger a debate by the Backbench Business Committee)
Further notes added later.
Up the Junction
(1)Clarification of terrible mess (most drivers perhaps don't notice). The junctions shown are problematic for slow utility cyclists, especially during the rush. It is partly the long travel distance across from the start of the 'off' slip road to the end of the 'on' slip road (you risk being knocked off) and partly because it can be hard to safely reach the 'forward' bike lane from the inside bike lane on the approach road because of traffic turning left. On a bike, the only safe place is 'primary' position and many cyclists are nervous about it. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the slip roads are to keep traffic moving as quickly as possible (for 'thoughput' – roundabouts are the same of course). The result of these sweeping turns and extra lanes for motorists turning left or right, plus the central reservations for lights and pedestrian refuges, is obvious – huge areas of tarmac where a simple crossroads used to be. All that, and the sight lines required for fast-moving vehicles, means that buildings which once stood on the corners and were designed for corners have been demolished and you are left with bits of grass and bushes littered with rubbish – no man's land. It is the ruination of what once was 'urban fabric'.
It has already been argued (not by me but I agree with it) that the preoccupation of highway planners with traffic flow may be self-defeating: one junction works better but it only puts pressure on the next. All that happens is that more traffic arrives at the next constriction and when that is 'improved', to the next, and so on. Then more vehicles come onto the roads due to their increased capacity and the whole cycle of expansion begins again. Overall, nothing is really gained; just more people in traffic jams and
less fewer buildings.
(2)My local Council actually does a good job across a very wide range of services, like most, I suspect, and they are working with tighter budget restraints than ever before. The highways department will be doing its best between the proverbial 'rock and the hard place'. They are expected to try to keep traffic moving and that is what they do, otherwise they get bad press and complaints from angry motorists. Towns are in competition with each other to attract investment and developers don't want to invest in a town with a reputation for logjams. These priorities mean the 'terrible mess' is probably inevitable.
(3)I'm sceptical about surveys that report how people say they would ride bicycles if only it felt safer, with paths just for cycling and protected from motor vehicles, or if it wasn't so hilly, or if the weather was better, or if there was somewhere to leave their bikes at work. A lack of bike parking does seem a pretty good reason but generally I think many people just don't fancy doing anything physical if they can avoid it and that is often the real reason. Drivers tend to park as close as possible to where they are going, to avoid walking any distance. On warm summer evenings or sunny weekends only a tiny minority walk on the hills only a mile from their homes. Leisure-wise a large part of society seems happier going shopping in the car and watching TV in the evening. It seems unlikely everyone will jump on bicycles if only the Council would build some protected bike lanes.
A note about roundabouts. I doubt they can ever work for cyclists as they are designed in the UK. A cyclist going round one is vulnerable to traffic going off left and this vulnerability is by design (it is not only cyclists who are vulnerable either). There is a fault in the concept. As everyone knows, the whole idea is to keep traffic moving with the minimum stopping and a car going left obviously has to stop, or at least slow right down, to avoid a cyclist who is not going left. The speed difference between motor vehicles and bicycles means it's almost impossible for a cyclist to safely cross to the 'outside' lane of a busy roundabout (the lane nearest the centre) to make way for left turning traffic. So I think here is a case for proper segregation, not only where particular local authorities decide to do it piecemeal but as a national standard, at least for certain categories of roundabout – ones with two lanes, say. There may be other road design concepts unsuited to cyclists and motorists sharing the same surface: fast dual carriageways for example (Dutch-style roundabouts being tested).
My former profession was architecture (mostly in the public sector). Since the 60's I've seen the transformation of towns from 'organic' centres for social interaction into compartments where we have forgotten how to 'rub up' against each other. Motor vehicles and people especially, but also places for living and places for work. Of course we've had to deal with industrial and noise pollution but in the process, modern town planning has helped to fragment society and reinforce the concept that the resolution of conflict is somebody else's problem. I am not a student of these things and academic research might explain it better; it's just a gut feeling based on observation. Something has gone wrong and "redesigning our roads, streets and communities" is only more of the same.
"Cycling becomes part of a moral critique of technological society, specifically the car, and the search for and performance of a more authentic, less alienated everyday life ... The bicycle is not the object, but the vehicle on which these social movements travel in pursuit of their objectives."
Dave Horton, Thinking About Cycling: Social Movements and the Bicycle
The pre-1960 'mass cycling' in Britain will not return in the forseeable future. The affordability and convenience of the private car has seen to it. When oil runs out it will be replaced by other forms of energy, not a return to human power. There may be signs that the saturation point will soon be reached but infrastructure-wise the die is cast. We made our choices in the 1960's and 70's when the Dutch made theirs. Besides, the realistic alternative to private transport by car is not bicycles but public transport: buses, trains, and taxis. The travel distances between people's homes and destinations such as work, the supermarket, the health centre, together with the hilly nature of many parts of the country, mean cycling is too physical and time-consuming to be a natural choice of personal transport.
Still, cycling in the UK seems alive and well. It is not about numbers and percentages but how accessible cycling is – if that is what you choose to do. 'Mass cycling' is a political concept which assumes a social purpose and some kind of 'high ground' to be gained, and 'tackling obesity'. That is not what cycling should be about. It is not a philosophy or a cure but a freedom. I don't think it matters much how many people go cycling as long as you're free to do it and there are places to go. Behaviour matters more, whether you are driving, cycling, or walking: 'civil society'.
(I have tried to find out how cycling statistics are collected in Britain because I have never seen anyone doing a cycling survey. The nearest I got was that urban trips under 5 miles are what is measured in the National Travel Survey for "trips by bike." If this is true, most leisure cycling seems excluded. It would be interesting to know the average commute and shopping trip distance, regardless of mode of travel, in the UK compared to the Netherlands. There isn't much mountain biking in the Netherlands but it's popular here: the International Mountain Biking Association UK has estimated some 11 million MTBs in working order are owned by British adults with 78 million off-road rides per year. Somehow, off-road cycling tends to be ignored in official cycling statistics.)
In conclusion (mine at least)
- Slower speed limits, HGV safety, and enforcement of road traffic law with meaningful penalties would improve conditions for cycling on roads and might even increase the number of people cycling. And it's affordable. Long overdue, worth doing.
- There are more important social and economic priorities than building Dutch bicycle infrastructure. Except for a few places in a few towns it will not happen because it's too expensive and the majority of voters don't want it. Accept this, move on.
- Cycling is one of the most affordable and accessible leisure pursuits there is and puts individuals and groups out into the Green and Pleasant Land. When we learn to mingle better on roads and streets, society will be all the richer. Find a bicycle, go cycling.
Related (by Patrick on this website):
CTC strategies, the parliamentary enquiry, The Times, going Dutch etc (2012)
2011 Transport White Paper: what's for cycling? (2011)
Simple Streets: Where Less Is More (2011 Cycling Mobility Magazine article)
Politics of cycling policy (2010)
Vehicular Cycling (Bicycle Driving) (2010)
Of relevance on other websites:
What It Really Means to Go Dutch (2013 Bike Show interview with David Hembrow)
How Stevenage went Dutch 50 years ago and failed (Carlton Reid 2013)
CTC on segregation (2012 CTC Forum discussion on cycle lanes)
Roads to Ruin (George Monbiot 2011)
Cambridge Cycling Campaign Manifesto for cycling provision (2005)
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Neptune in Capricorn
The planet Neptune symbolizes extreme receptivity, intense emotional sharpness, impressionability and inspiration; it is the planet of mediums, mystics and religious faith. In an astrological chart, it indicates dilution, vagueness, understanding one’s environment through emotions and the absence of clear and determined limits and structures. In your natal chart, Neptune’s house position is more important than his sign position because, like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Pluto, he is a slow planet. Many people born in the same period have Neptune in the same sign. This is the reason why the sign occupied here is less meaningful than when it is occupied by the so-called fast planets, i.e. the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars. Therefore, some caution is to be exercised as you read what follows. The sign positions of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto have a collective meaning. They do not influence your personality, unless they are involved in numerous aspects or when they emphasize a personal point of your natal chart such as your Ascendant’s ruler, an angular planet, i.e. a planet near the Ascendant, the Midheaven, the Nadir or the Descendant. In such cases, the activity of the slow planet is very highlighted. Neptune in Capricorn brings a touch of humanity and emotion into your ambition made of cold and calculated vision. Or, on the contrary, it may disrupt your precise and clear vision of your professional future.
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The biggest flip the technology age has done on the industrial era is the open API. For the uninitiated, an open API (Application Program Interface) is a word used to describe sets of technologies that enable websites to interact with each other. It is also a system where web companies ‘open up’ their platform for external non affiliated software developers to create applications on. Facebook most famously did this with their ‘Facebook Platform‘.
While this sounds like some kind of nerd nirvana, it is actually a counter intuitive move that forms a large part of the marketing genius of social web 2.0 applications. And that is outsourcing the R&D to total strangers. That is, entrepreneurs who have new and interesting ways to mash up their content. It is quite revolutionary in fact. Corporations from the pre-web industrial era would rarely let people use their logo, let alone open up part of the factory for hackers to come in and try and build something interesting. But this is exactly what is happening, the most amazing stuff is usually coming from external organisations and the entire ecosystem is the beneficiary.
- Existing web companies get their new product development for free
- Entrepreneurs get a shot at being acquired by the firms whose API they focus on
The open API idea has to be one of the major reasons why technology companies are eating the world. The only question remaining is why don’t old world industrial companies open up their doors to some new, fresh and external innovation?
I recently tweeted something that, I think deserves a more detailed explanation:
This is true for a few reasons.
A direct world: all customers can and will contact brand controllers directly. Information services and direct brand channels such as twitter mean that customers deserve and expect direct answers and interaction. Something only traditional service companies would once provide.
The manufacturing gap: Every year the chasm between between brands and manufacturing is widening. In fact, many of the worlds most adored brands don’t make what they sell. They either design and direct (eg Apple) or only make information (Facebook / Google). In fact consumer manufacturing stalwarts like Kraft and Proctor & Gamble produce far less than they ever have. The gap between makers and marketers will only continue to widen. And require traditional brand owners to become more service oriented in the process.
The virtual replacing the physical: Increasingly we are making and selling virtual goods. Goods that are consumed intellectually. Think video games – and then think far wider. Just because we can’t touch something, it does not mean it doesn’t provide significant utility. Paid for mobile apps and software are great examples, as is music in digital format. The CD only provided utility in that it delivered the music, nothing more.
Recently Marc Andresseen, was quoted as saying ‘Software is eating everything’ which is a very important statement. The shift is happening, and even if we still make stuff – increasingly our service orientation will be how we win.
Local Australia firm fosters brewing has a popular brewery tour at their Melbourne plant (you get a free beer at the end of it) as does Media conglomerate NBC in the Rockerfella Centre in New York. None of this is free, and they are all fully booked pretty much every day. The thing that is almost as powerful as the cash such Industrial Tourism generates, is the relationship it builds with the brand.
It is pretty cool to be taken into the ‘secret back room’, even though we can all be pretty sure that Boeing or any large conglomerate are not about to give away any secrets on said tours. But this is where startups and SME’s can do it even better. We can let our early adopters into our Factory, Alpha testing, Retail back room, Warehouse, New Product Development session. We can let them expose our secret goodness to the market for us. Especially if we do something awesome like make great software, use recycled materials or anything creative.
So the question for startups is this: How can we let our early adopters and brand evangalists into our secret world to spread our world?
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After a prosperous completion of English Research degree you can actually put in different occupations foot. Like most humanities, the profession opportunities are very person and versatile.
English language and literature studies: These occupations are clear.Just after an English literature degree, the graduate is prepared for any specific career field. A number of initially apply so on internships, trainees or volunteer perform. Read right here what professions will be obvious for this study.Journalism: An clear example could be for a placement within a cultural or travel division inside a magazine. Media and Tv: Who feels within the media and television industry effectively, can request to news agencies or tv stations. The German press agency as well as the public professional summary generator tv have international offices in the UK. Publishing: Publishers are ideal for linguistics or English studies graduates. A powerful sense of language is expected of applicants. Education: Even with out a direct study to turn https://www.bloomu.edu/documents/graduate/Essays.pdf out to be a teacher, it truly is probable to have into the education sector. For teaching at vocational schools or neighborhood colleges, a state exam you will need not mandatory. Cultural institutions: foundations and political institutions consistently exhibit areas where the profile specifications on English studies graduates fit. Museums: Museums are always searching for analysis assistants. The German Museums Association published museum distinct sites and voluntary work. Management Consulting: Inside the consulting firm are usually welcome workers from all education sectors. HR emphasize a modify inside the settings.
salary prospects for English research.The salary outlook for Anglisten depend entirely on the chosen profession. Fundamentally, the public service have to be produced among salaries within the private sector and income by the collective agreement.Salary in the private sector: journalists earn based on the format about 3,200 euros gross per month, lecturers 2,900 euro and cultural managers 2,700 euros. In the consulting firm can be expected for the month with four,300 euros. Collective agreement public service: who has studied English studies to turn into a teacher, /best-summarize-tool-online/ paid by TVöD. A secondary teacher of English of merit is definitely an typical of 3,800 euros, as main college teachers at 3,200 euros. Secondary school teachers earn about three,400 euros.
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|Publication number||US4544470 A|
|Application number||US 06/615,990|
|Publication date||Oct 1, 1985|
|Filing date||May 31, 1984|
|Priority date||May 31, 1984|
|Also published as||CA1234777A, CA1234777A1, DE3579258D1, EP0164184A2, EP0164184A3, EP0164184B1|
|Publication number||06615990, 615990, US 4544470 A, US 4544470A, US-A-4544470, US4544470 A, US4544470A|
|Inventors||Robert E. Hetrick|
|Original Assignee||Ford Motor Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (115), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to structures employing semiconductor powders and thin catalyst films which can photosensitize chemical reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions.
2. Prior Art
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art, conventional photoelectrochemical cell 10 in which a semiconductor 11 of macroscopic dimensions is connected by an external circuit 12 to a counter electrode 13. Both semiconductor 11 and counter electrode 13 are immersed in an electrolyte solution 14, advantageously aqueous, which contains chemical species (redox species identified as D- and A+) which are subject to either oxidation or reduction reactions that occur with the transfer of electronic charge at the surfaces of semiconductor 11 and counter electrode 13.
Light of energy greater than the energy of the semiconductor electron bandgap is made to illuminate the semiconductor. As a result, pairs of free electrons 15 and holes 16 are generated near the illuminated surface. Under appropriate conditions for the energy level position of the redox levels in the electrolyte relative to the conduction and valence band energy positions in the semiconductor, the electrons and holes can transfer to the redox species thereby effecting the redox reactions. The various processes and conditions involved are discussed by H. Gerischer in Physical Chemistry--An Advanced Treastise, H. Eyring, D. Henderson, W. Jost. Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1970), pp. 463-542.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical situation for an n-type semiconductor where surface electric fields caused by the equilibration between electrolyte redox levels and the semiconductor Fermi level draws photoinduced holes to the semiconductor surface to oxidize redox species D- to D while electrons pass through the external circuit to reduce A+ to A at the counter electrode. At steady state, the electronic current Ie in the external circuit is matched by an equal and opposite ionic current Ii in the electrolyte. In summary, the semiconductor acts as a photosensitizer for carrying out the reaction D-+A+→D+A. For example, TiO2 sensitized photodecomposition of formic acid and other carboxylic acids in aqueous environments is well known.
Such photoelectrochemical cells have a number of applications. Using the example of FIG. 1, if the reduced species is at a higher energy than the oxidized species, there is a net storage of incident radiant energy as chemical energy, as in a photoelectrosynthetic cell. The photoelectrochemical splitting of H2 O is an example. If the reduced species is at a lower energy than the oxidized one, no energy has been stored. Rather the photoelectrochemical system has catalyzed a thermodynamically downhill reaction. An example is the photocatalytic decomposition of acetic acid to methane and carbon dioxide.
In a regenerative cell, the species oxidized at the semiconductor is also reduced at the counter electrode so that there is no net change in the energy stored in the electrolyte. However, the current in the external circuit can be used to drive an electrical load, as in a photovoltaic cell. These and other device possibilities have been described by Bard (A. J. Bard, Science 207, 139 (1980)).
One advantage of the photoelectrochemical cell over the solid state photovoltaic cell is that it is produced quickly by simply immersing the semiconductor in the electrolyte. Secondly, light is absorbed in the region of the surface electric field of the semiconductor which causes the electron and hole to separate before they recombine. In solid state cells, the high electric field separation region is frequently at a greater distance from the surface of the semiconductor. This necessitates higher quality and higher cost material so as to allow the carriers to diffuse to this region before they recombine.
A microscopic version of a prior art photoelectrochemical cell is shown schematically in FIG. 2. Here microscopic semiconductor powder grains 20 are dispersed in an electrolyte solution 21 again containing redox species D- and A+. Typically, these powder grains are submicron in dimension. The external circuit and counter electrode of FIG. 1 are replaced by a piece of catalytic material 22, typically a metal such as platinum, attached to a region of the semiconductor. The attachment can be accomplished by photochemical means. When the powder dispersion is illuminated, processes occur similar to those described for the macroscopic system of FIG. 1. Holes are drawn to the semiconductor surface where they oxidize D- while electrons move to the catalyst region where they reduce A+. The electronic flow in the grain amounts to an electronic current Ie while the current loop is completed in the electrolyte by ionic current Ii. Thus, the grains act as microscopic short-circuited photoelectrochemical cells. The powder has the advantage of providing much more reactive surface area. A disadvantage is not having an external circuit essential for photovoltaic and other electrical device applications. Writings by Gratzel et al (J. Kiwi, K. Kalyanasundaram, and M. Gratzel, Structure and Bonding 49, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 37, (1982)) and Bard (A. J. Bard, J. of Photochem. 10, 59 (1979)) discuss many of the details of the microscopic system and the numerous modifications that can be attempted to make the system more effective under different circumstances.
The present invention includes an electrochemical photocatalytic structure for the photogeneration of complimentary oxidation and reduction products when exposed to light of appropriate wavelengths in the presence of suitable reactants. For example, the reactant can be water with oxygen and hydrogen being the oxidation and reduction products, respectively. The structure includes a porous layer (typically several microns in thickness) of semiconducting powder which is positioned above a thin film of material which catalyzes either the oxidation or reduction half reactions that occur simultaneously within the structure. The porous layer may be dosed with an electrolyte (appropriate for the desired photochemistry) to increase the ionic conductivity within the pore volume of the layer.
The structure is advantageous for photosensitizing reactions in which the reactant is introduced to the porous layer from an ambient gas phase. Light incident on the outer surface of the powder layer creates electron hole pairs in this region. These carriers separate within the porous layer with the photogenerated minority carriers remaining near the outer surface while the excess majority carriers accumulate near the interior surface. Under appropriate energy conditions, the separated carriers take part in redox reactions. The electrical loop between the substrate and the outer surface of the porous layer of semiconductor powder can be closed by ionic conduction through the electrolyte in the pore volume.
A structure in accordance with an embodiment of this invention is advantageous. First, the advantages of using powders are retained without the requirement of placing submicron catalyst deposits on each grain in order to drive the desired redox reactions at a suitable rate. Second, the powder layers can be selectively deposited on the surface of the catalyst film to define regions of one powder material or to define different powder materials in adjacent regions. This flexibility allows for the fabrication of more complex photoelectrochemical structures and devices. Third, external electrical circuitry can be connected to conductive catalyst films. This provides electrical contact to the powder layer and the ability to electrically monitor the photoelectrochemical process so that it may be optimized.
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating the operation of a macroscopic photoelectrochemical cell in which an n-type semiconductor material is illuminated causing redox species D- to be oxidized at a semiconductor surface while species A+ is reduced at a counter electrode, in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing illustrating the operation of microscopic photoelectrochemical cells having catalyst treated submicron grains of semiconductors immersed in an electrolyte solution, in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of a powder layer photoelectrochemical structure having a porous semiconductor layer overlaying a catalytic film supported by a substrate, in accordance with an embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the initial amounts of H2 and CO2 photogenerated versus irradiation time for a number of powder layer parameters when formic acid is used as a reactant: (a) TiO2 (2μ) over Pt; (b) TiO2 (20μ) over Pt, (c) TiO2 (3μ) over Pd, (d) CdS (5μ) over Pt, (e) TiO2 (3μ) over WO3 (3μ) over Pt in accordance with embodiments of this invention; and
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams for a planar photoelectrochemical model, and an electrical circuit, respectively, in accordance with an embodiment of this invention, for n-type grains in which a coparallel flow of electronic (grains) and ionic (pores) currents results in a spatially dispersed but electrically closed current (JP) loop which supports redox reactions at the upper and lower regions of the porous layer.
Referring to FIG. 3, a powder layer structure 30 has a semiconducting TiO2 powder 31 above a sputtered platinum catalyst film 32 on a substrate 33. To use a specific example, the structure could be used to photosensitize the decomposition of formic acid (HCOOH→H2 +CO2). This reaction is thermodynamically downhill and the structure acts as a photocatalyst. An n-type semiconductor powder layer is appropriately treated to promote an oxidation half reaction of an adjacent chemical reactant, while the catalyst film promotes a reduction half reaction of an adjacent chemical reactant. A p-type semiconductor powder layer is appropriately treated to promote a reduction half reaction of an adjacent chemical reactant, while the catalyst film promotes an oxidation half reaction of an adajcent chemical reactant. Appropriate treating of the semiconductor can include, for example, heating the semiconductor in the presence of hydrogen.
In a typical sample, TiO2 grains are dispersed in a porous layer with an average thickness ranging from 1-20μ. This layer rests on a sputtered Pt film (approximately 0.1μ thick) supported by a convenient substrate. A narrow stripe 35 opened in the Pt film permits measurement of the resistivity of the overlaying layer of powder 31. The TiO2 is in a powder form with an anatase crystal structure. A typical source of such a powder is Matheson, Coleman and Bell (MCB) with a grain size of approximately 0.2μ or Degussa P-25 with a grain size of approximately 0.02μ. The grains are made semiconducting (n-type) by reducing them in an H2 atmosphere at 600° C. for several hours. The structure is quickly prepared by dispersing the powder in a polymeric binder such as methyl methacrylate dissolved in an organic solvent and spinning the solution onto the metallized substrate. The binder is burned off at 250°-300° C. leaving the layer available for further treatment. The detailed morphology of the layer depends on several factors including degree of dispersion, spin rate (>2000 rpm), etc. It is common for the grains (MCB material) to be partially clumped as larger irregular particles with a characteristic dimension on the order of 1μ. Pore dimensions are comparable at about 1μ. The porosity of the layer is estimated at 75%. A typical porosity for a semiconductor powder layer is about 50% to about 75% with a typical grain size less than about 1 micrometer to about 0.02 micrometer.
The photochemical properties of the structure are investigated by placing a 2 cm2 sample into a 0.20 liter vacuum chamber which is evacuated and then filled with HCOOH at a pressure near its vapor pressure and at an operating temperature of ˜25° C. The chamber is equipped with an optical port so that uv photons (supplied, for example, by a 200 watt mercury lamp) illuminate the structure. The optical port includes filters, such as water and colored glass, so that the flux of photons passing through the optical port have an energy above the bandgap energy of the powder (3.1 eV). That is, the filters reduce the light passing through the optical port to photons which are useful in promoting photochemical reactions. A typical photon flux is 2×1016 sec-1. A bellows pump circulates the reactant and product gases in a closed loop. A sampling capillary followed by a cold trap near dry ice temperature passes only H2 and CO2 so that the increase in concentration of H2 and CO2 can be monitored by a mass spectrometer.
To realize high efficiencies, the structure is treated with an electrolyte. For example, aqueous potassium hydroxide can be introduced into the pore volume and then dried to leave small grains of potassium hydroxide in the pore volume. Good results are obtained by dosing the powder layer with approximately 0.2 ml of 10-2 M NaOH and drying slowly. Subsequently, in the presence of gaseous H2 O and HCOOH, the result is presumably an aqueous solution of HCOONa in the pore volume of the layer. If the volume is completely filled, the electrolyte is on the order of 5M. The presence of the electrolyte is detected by resistivity measurements using the open-stripe geometry. Such dosing produces significant ionic conductivity which is correlated with high photochemical activity.
FIG. 4 shows the initial rate of H2 growth for a number of different parameters which help illustrate the mechanism of the structure of FIG. 3. In each case, the initial partial pressures are approximately 10 Torr of HCOOH and approximately 20 Torr of H2 O. The rate of CO2 growth is nearly identical to that of H2, consistent with the stoichiometry of the reaction. Curve A shows a high rate of growth, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of approximately 40%, for a 2μ thick film of MCB, TiO2 over Pt. The reaction rate drops by more than a factor of 102 without the Pt demonstrating its catalytic effect. Curve B shows the effect of increasing the layer thickness of 20μ. Although the rate is reduced it is still significant. Since most of the light is absorbed in the outer 1μ of the direct gap TiO2, the photocatalytic mechanism must account for the spatial projection of the effect of Pt. Curves C and D show that other materials can be used. Numerous metals including Pd are effective. Some other n-type semiconducting powders including CdS, Ta2 O5 and SrTiO3 are also effective. Semiconducting WO3 over Pt is substantially ineffective. A TiO2 layer over a WO3 layer (formed by sequentially spinning WO3 and TiO2 layers before binder burnoff) is effective, (see curve E). Finally, no significant photoeffects are observed with below bandgap photons or without a semiconductor powder.
FIG. 5A illustrates a model, the planar analogue of that which describes the response of metallized powders, that can qualitatively account for the results. A porous powder layer 50 over a catalytic film 51 on a substrate 52 acts as a short-circuited photoelectrochemical cell. Photons having above bandgap energy produce electron-hole pairs near the outer region of the powder layer 50. In the presence of an electrolyte 521, surface fields within the n-type grains of layer 50 draw the holes to the outer surface of layer 50 where the holes can oxidize absorbed species (formate ions or formic acid) to form CO2. Electrons migrate to the vicinity of substrate 52 by means of grain contacts. with the catalytic assistance of Pt of film 52, electrons are able to reduce H2 O to H2. The electrical loop is closed by a net migration of ionic species of appropriate sign through the pore volume (or on the outer surface of the grains) of layer 50 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of catalytic film 51.
Referring to FIG. 5B, the steady-state electrical model corresponding to FIG. 5A is that of a photovoltage, Vp, resulting from the electronic charge separation in series with electronic (Re) and ionic (Ri) impedances. Leaving aside the more complex transient photoresponse, the maximum steady-state current flux, Jp, corresponding to curve A amounts to approximately 1 mA/cm2. Using the open-stripe geometry, one can estimate a photoinduced electronic resistivity on the order of 105 to 104 ohm-cm with a comparable ionic resistivity. Since conduction path lengths are only a few microns, Vp values on the order of a few tenths of a volt (see below) are adequate to support the current at these resistivity values.
The model of FIG. 5B accounts for the catalytic influence of the Pt, the electrolyte requirement, and accommodates the disparity between layer thickness and optical absorption depth. Corroborating the photoelectrochemical model of FIG. 5A is the absence of photodecomposition with semiconducting WO3 since its conduction band is positive of the H2 /H+ redox level in aqueous solutions. The fact that photoactivity is strong with a WO3 layer beneath a TiO2 layer demonstrates the importance of electronic conduction through the grains. Photoactivity is greatly reduced when a layer of insulating Al2 O3 is placed below the TiO2, presumably due to the absence of electronic conductivity.
A variety of chemical reactions are possible using the general structure shown in FIG. 5A. For example, if a TiO2 layer is dosed with an alkali hydroxide and placed above a platinum film in the sole presence of gaseous water vapor, water is observed to decompose into H2 and O2. This is an energy storing reaction.
Various modifications and variations will no doubt occur to those skilled in the various arts to which this invention pertains. For example, the semiconductor grain size and the associated structural components may be varied from that disclosed herein. These and all other variations which basically rely on the teachings through which this disclosure has advanced the state of the art are properly considered within the scope of this invention.
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|1||"Photoelectrochemistry and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis at Semiconductors" by Allen J. Bard, Journal of Photochemistry, 10, (1979), pp. 59-75.|
|2||"Photoelectrochemistry" by Allen J. Bard, Science, vol. 207, No. 4427, Jan. 1980, pp. 139-144.|
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|U.S. Classification||204/248, 204/157.47, 429/111, 204/DIG.300, 204/157.5|
|International Classification||B01J19/12, C25B1/00, B01J35/00, C25B11/06, B01J35/02|
|Cooperative Classification||Y02P20/135, Y10S204/03, B01J35/0033, C25B1/003|
|European Classification||C25B1/00B, B01J35/00D4|
|Sep 27, 1984||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: FORD MOTOR COMPANY, DEARBORN, MI A DE CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HETRICK, ROBERT E.;REEL/FRAME:004305/0561
Effective date: 19840523
|Mar 20, 1989||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 3, 1993||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Dec 21, 1993||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19931003
| 71,187
|
If you have diabetes, your doctor may suggest including Baqsimi (glucagon) in your treatment plan. So you might be wondering about Baqsimi’s side effects.
Baqsimi is a brand-name nasal (nose) spray. It’s used in adults and some children to treat an emergency episode of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It can be a lifesaving medication.
Like many drugs, Baqsimi can cause mild or serious side effects. Read on to learn what you need to know about the possible side effects of Baqsimi.
For more in-depth information about Baqsimi, read this article.
Severe hypoglycemia is very dangerous and must be treated immediately. But Baqsimi isn’t a substitute for emergency treatment. After using Baqsimi, call 911 or your local emergency medical services right away.
Baqsimi may cause side effects in some people. More common side effects that have been reported include:
- nausea or vomiting
- nose, sinus, or throat irritation, such as a runny or stuffy nose and cough
- eye irritation
The list above includes a few of the more common side effects of Baqsimi. The following lists include some other possible side effects of this drug.
Some people may develop mild side effects after using Baqsimi.
Mild side effects of Baqsimi that have been reported include:
- nausea or vomiting*
- nose, sinus, or throat irritation*
- red, watery eyes*
- itchy nose, throat, or eyes
- changes in your sense of taste or smell
* For more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained” section below.
In most cases, these side effects should be temporary. Some may be easily managed, too. But if you have any symptoms that are ongoing or that bother you, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. And don’t stop using Baqsimi unless your doctor recommends it.
For more mild side effects, see Baqsimi’s prescribing information.
Serious side effects from Baqsimi aren’t common, but they can happen.
Serious side effects that have been reported include:
* For more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained” section below.
Your risk for other serious side effects is higher if you have certain health conditions, such as specific types of tumors. For more information, see the “Warnings for Baqsimi” section below.
Get answers to some frequently asked questions about Baqsimi’s side effects.
How long do Baqsimi’s side effects last?
For most people, the side effects of Baqsimi are usually temporary.
Baqsimi stays in your system for about 3 hours after it’s absorbed through your nose. It’s possible that some side effects, such as nose discomfort, may linger for a few hours to a few days after using Baqsimi.
Are there any drug interactions that could increase my risk for side effects with Baqsimi?
Yes, Baqsimi can interact with beta-blockers. Taking Baqsimi with these drugs may raise your risk for certain side effects from Baqsimi.
Your doctor may have prescribed a beta-blocker for you if you have high blood pressure or heart failure. These medications are also used to treat other conditions, such as migraine and anxiety disorders.
If you’re taking both a beta-blocker and Baqsimi, temporary increases in heart rate and blood pressure are more likely to occur.
But severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which is the condition that Baqsimi treats, is dangerous and can result in death. So your doctor may still recommend that you use Baqsimi if you take a beta-blocker.
After you receive a dose of Baqsimi, you or someone near you should call 911 or your local emergency medical services. When emergency medical personnel arrive, they’ll monitor your heart rate and blood pressure closely. If these vital signs remain high, they may want to take you to a hospital.
Does the use of decongestants or cold medications increase my risk for side effects from Baqsimi?
No, it doesn’t. In studies, the use of decongestants or cold medications had no effect on the risk of side effects from Baqsimi. People who had nasal congestion or the common cold also saw no increase in their risk for side effects of Baqsimi.
Will Baqsimi still work if I’ve passed out from very low blood sugar?
Yes, it’ll still work. Baqsimi is absorbed through your nose. It doesn’t require you to actively inhale it through your nose for it to work.
With severe cases of low blood sugar, you might pass out. Or you may otherwise be unable to give yourself a dose of Baqsimi.
When you’re prescribed Baqsimi, talk with your family members or others you spend time around. Let them know you have diabetes and how to give you Baqsimi. This way, they’ll be prepared in the event that you need to use the drug but can’t give it to yourself.
Learn more about some of the side effects Baqsimi may cause.
Nose, sinus, or throat side effects
Baqsimi is a dry nasal (nose) spray. This means it’s a powder that you spray into your nose. When you use a dose, your nose, sinuses, and throat are exposed to this powder. As a result, your nose, sinus, or throat may become irritated after using Baqsimi. Symptoms may include:
- runny nose
- nose discomfort
- stuffy nose
- itchy nose
- scratchy throat
- throat irritation
What might help
Nose, sinus, and throat side effects from Baqsimi tend to be mild and temporary. They’ll usually go away on their own within a few days.
If symptoms of nose, sinus, or throat irritation are bothering you, here are a few remedies that may help:
- Drink soothing beverages to relieve throat scratchiness or irritation. Some people find warm tea comforting, while others prefer ice water. Try both to see which works better for you.
- Try sucking on a lozenge. This increases moisture in your throat, which may help relieve throat irritation and cough.
- Use a saline nasal (nose) spray or apply a saline nasal gel inside your nostrils. Saline helps increase moisture in the lining of your nasal passages. This may reduce itching and stuffy nose as well as help prevent nosebleeds.
- Take an antihistamine to help relieve a runny nose, itching, and sneezing. Examples include over-the-counter (OTC) drugs such as Zyrtec (cetirizine) and Claritin (loratadine). But before you use these drugs, check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if it’s safe for you to take an antihistamine.
- Take an OTC nasal decongestant, such as Sudafed (pseudoephedrine), to help relieve a stuffy nose. But if you have high blood pressure or take certain medications, this drug may not be safe for you to take. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking a nasal decongestant.
If these remedies don’t help ease your symptoms, or if your symptoms linger or get worse, talk with your doctor.
After using Baqsimi, your eyes may become itchy, red, or watery. In studies, many people who took Baqsimi had eye irritation.
Baqsimi is a dry nasal spray. This means it’s a powder that you spray into your nose. As the powder enters your nose, some of it can get in your eyes. Traces of the powder can also reach your eyes through your sinuses. This may irritate your eyes.
What might help
Eye irritation from Baqsimi usually goes away on its own within a few days. If you’re looking for ways to relieve bothersome symptoms in the meantime, here’s what might help:
- If you wear contact lenses, it’s probably best to use your glasses instead until your eyes feel better. Wearing contact lenses could irritate your eyes more.
- Antihistamines can help ease itchy, watery eyes. Examples of OTC antihistamines include Zyrtec (cetirizine) and Claritin (loratadine). Before you take an antihistamine, check with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it’s safe for you to do so.
- Antihistamine eye drops may bring some relief to your itchy, watery eyes. OTC examples include Visine-A (pheniramine and naphazoline) and Alaway (ketotifen). Your doctor or pharmacist can suggest suitable ones for you to try.
If none of these suggestions help ease your symptoms, or if your eye irritation gets worse, talk with your doctor.
Nausea or vomiting
Nausea was one of the more common side effects of Baqsimi in studies. For some people, nausea from Baqsimi led to vomiting. So vomiting was also a common side effect reported in these studies.
What might help
Nausea or vomiting from Baqsimi is usually temporary and goes away on its own. But if you’re looking for ways to help relieve these side effects, here are a few tips to try:
- Get some fresh air, which can help relieve nausea. If possible, open a window to increase air flow.
- Sit up straight, close your eyes, and take some deep, slow breaths. Deep breathing may help calm you and relax your body so that you feel less nauseous.
- Try natural remedies. For example, ginger is a popular herbal remedy for nausea.
- Eat a small amount of bland food. This can help reduce nausea or prevent you from vomiting. The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) is often recommended for this purpose.
- Take an OTC medication for nausea. Some options include Dramamine (dimenhydrinate), and Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate). Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see which option is safe for you to take.
If these tips don’t help, or if your nausea or vomiting gets worse, talk with your doctor. They may recommend prescription or medical treatment if you become dehydrated.
Like most drugs, Baqsimi can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Symptoms can be mild or serious and can include:
- flushing (warmth, swelling, or redness in your skin)
- swelling under your skin, typically in your eyelids, lips, hands, or feet
- swelling of your mouth, tongue, or throat, which can make it hard to breathe
- hypotension (low blood pressure)
What might help
If you have mild symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as a mild rash, call your doctor right away. They may suggest an OTC oral antihistamine, such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine), or a topical product, such as hydrocortisone cream, to manage your symptoms.
If your doctor confirms that you had a mild allergic reaction to Baqsimi, they’ll decide if you should continue using it.
If you have symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling or trouble breathing, call 911 or your local emergency number right away. These symptoms could be life threatening and require immediate medical care.
If your doctor confirms you had a serious allergic reaction to Baqsimi, they may have you switch to a different treatment.
Baqsimi may not be right for you if you have certain medical conditions or other factors that affect your health. Talk with your doctor about your health history before you take Baqsimi. Factors to consider include those listed below.
Insulinoma. Insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas. Taking Baqsimi can cause your pancreas to release too much insulin if you have this type of tumor. This could result in your blood sugar dropping even more, which may be harmful or even result in death.
If you have insulinoma, talk with your doctor about other treatment options.
Allergic reaction. If you’ve had an allergic reaction to Baqsimi or any of its ingredients, you shouldn’t take this drug. Ask your doctor about which other medications are better options for you.
Adrenal gland tumor. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland. If you have this type of tumor, taking Baqsimi can raise your blood pressure. In this case, you’ll want to talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Baqsimi.
Low amounts of glycogen stored in your liver. Glycogen is a form of sugar that’s broken down from carbohydrates. Without enough glycogen stored in your liver and muscles, Baqsimi won’t work to raise blood sugar.
If it’s possible that you have low amounts of glycogen in your body, talk with your doctor about different treatment options.
Alcohol use and Baqsimi
Alcohol doesn’t affect how Baqsimi works. But if you have diabetes, drinking alcohol can make it more difficult to manage your blood sugar levels.
Also, while drinking alcohol, you may not notice the early symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). This could lead to a more severe case of hypoglycemia.
Very low blood sugar is a medical emergency. You should use Baqsimi as soon as possible in this situation. But this medication isn’t a substitute for emergency treatment. After using Baqsimi, you or someone near you should call 911 or your local emergency medical services right away.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding while taking Baqsimi
Baqsimi hasn’t been studied during pregnancy. In studies of other drugs containing glucagon, no harmful effects were shown to occur during pregnancy.
It isn’t known how Baqsimi affects breast milk or if side effects could happen in children breastfed by someone using Baqsimi.
If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor. Also talk with them if you’re breastfeeding. They can let you know the risks and benefits of using Baqsimi during this time.
Baqsimi is a nasal (nose) spray used to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). After using Baqsimi, some people may have mild or serious side effects. For most people, the side effects are usually mild and temporary.
If you have questions about Baqsimi’s side effects, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Here are a few suggestions about what to ask your doctor:
- Am I at a higher risk for side effects from Baqsimi than other people?
- Would this drug interact with any other medications I’m taking?
- Are there any changes I should make to my diabetes treatment plan to reduce my risk for side effects from Baqsimi?
I’ve been experimenting with intermittent fasting to help me lose weight. Would this increase my risk for side effects from Baqsimi?Anonymous patient
It’s possible that intermittent fasting can increase your risk for hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) with Baqsimi.
Although Baqsimi works to increase your blood sugar in an emergency situation, fasting of any type can raise your risk for low blood sugar.
When you don’t eat for a long time, your body runs low on glycogen (a stored form of glucose). Baqsimi is only effective at treating low blood sugar if your body has enough stored glycogen. In fasting situations, other treatment options may be more effective at treating severely low blood sugar.Melissa Badowski, PharmD, MPH, FCCPAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.
Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.
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Local Origin of Name: Irish /Scottish/India
From the name Adair
Adare and Adair is First and Last name
Meaning: From the ford of the oak tree
Emotional Spectrum • Able to vent her anger constructively.
Personal Integrity • A solid family background keeps her on solid moral ground.
Personality • Doing easily what others find difficult is her talent.
Relationships • Many people will find her their best friend.
Travel & Leisure • Would enjoy train travel, but her impatience needs the airplane!
Career & Money • Many career moves advance her in her chosen field. Life’s Opportunities •
Educational opportunities are exceptional for Adare.
” Life is not a cup to be drained, but a measure to be filled. ”
Created By Firstnamestore.com
Find out more name in our sites. Send us your name meaning and origin. Sung@nydob.com
- African American Arabic Basque
- Bulgarian Chinese Czech Dutch
- Egyptian English French Gaelic
- German Greek Hawaiian Hebrew
- Hindi Hispanic
- India Irish Israel Italian
- Japanese Korean Latin Native American
- Nordic Persian Polish Portuguese
- Roman Russian Scandinavian Scottish
- Slavic Spanish Swedish Thai
- Turkish Welsh
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It allows students to familiarise themselves with IELTS and to practise examination techniques using authentic test material. It contains four complete tests for Academic candidates, plus extra Reading and Writing modules for General Training candidates. These Audio CDs contain the material for the listening tests. They are also available as part of a self-study pack.
Reading Explorer is a six-level content-based reading series featuring video from national Geographic Digital Media to help develop reading and vocabulary skills for all learners. Each unit of Reading Explorer contains two reading passages and an optional video activity. Reading passages cover a wide range of real-world topics related to culture, science, social studies, travel, and adventure.
Business Start-up is a two-level (CEF level A1/A2) Business English course for adults who need English for their work.
The 12 core units in BOOST! WRITING 4 follow a clear and transparent structure to make teaching and learning easy and fun. The writing skills build and progress across the 4 levels of Boost! writing and are correlated to the next generation of tests of English.
Getting a high score on the IELTS begins with a plan. This book offers test-takers a range of strategies for choosing the best methods for answering questions, along with useful tips that help them make choices quickly and efficiently. Together, these tips and strategies will give prospective test-takers a plan for success on each module of the exam - Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Practice questions with fully explained answers and an MP3 CD add to the benefits of this unique test guide.
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by Fauzan Anandika
In this millennium, trading across the nation not only between countries or companies but right now it already becomes a personal transaction. Someone from Europe can buy handicraft directly from Asian craftsmen, or someone from Africa could work for an American company using an online working platform. And when the connection between countries occurs, the financial transaction will also follow. A transaction using a different currency becomes a regular activity for those who have a business with other countries. They use third-party service to manage their transaction, security, differences in currency value. A big company like PayPal and Western Union bring a great solution in helping us send and receive money from all over the world. The greatest thing is they can manage the transaction right to your bank account even they are not a bank. How could this possible? They use what it calls SWIFT code.
SWIFT code is a unique number consisting of several alphanumeric as a compulsory term to make an international money transfer. In the beginning, the SWIFT code designed to handle complexity in banking information exchange in the world. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, known as SWIFT, is an association that connects more than 9.000 securities agencies all over the world. SWIFT connect and help to provide financial information on many kinds of information for its member. SWIFT prevent financial abuse and crime during the transaction between their member. SWIFT creates code to identify banking institutions on various transactions to make every transaction eligible. Credibility to provide banking activity across the nation is the key to international trading and money transfer.
When we talk about international money transfer, there a new technology to do it with better security, cheaper cost, and easy tracking, something called Blockchain. There is 3 factor that enables blockchain technology to do better than bank institution in money transfer across the country.
- Faster and cheaper without a third party. A transaction using blockchain technology without a third party. By removing the third party means the money transferred in a shorter process. with less work to do means sending and receiving money will become faster and cheaper. In the transferring process, the blockchain user removed the third party role. Money is transferred directly with a unique code.
- Protected with transparency. Before Blockchain technology occurs, money transfers protected by the bank. We give the bank authority to do whatever it takes to protect the money and with some money to pay for the service. Now, transparency is the way to protect the transaction. Everyone has the right to access the transaction, and the process is immutable. Nobody can change the transaction history. That is the reason why transferring cryptocurrency doesn’t need an additional fee but still save to do.
- Traceable without editing. Fraudulence and corruption happen because an unauthorized person can change the transaction history. Embezzling customer money, nobody knows until police investigation. When a transaction becomes a permanent record, it will harder to manipulate the financial report. Blockchain creates an append-only system to create an anti-fraud atmosphere. This system creates systematic security and makes every transaction easy to track. Government or auditor easily tracks by following where the money flow, even a person can do it.
Trusting an algorithm can be scary for some people since not everyone knows how the algorithm works. Some people still can do a bad thing and create a manipulative algorithm to deceive us. With this situation, we still depend on the bank to protect our transactions while updating the system with new technology.
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The financial sector has acquired a pretty bad reputation amongst long-term investors over the past few years, and rightly so. Almost all financial stocks did extremely well during the period from the late '90's until around 2007. Only the stronger financials even made it through the recent financial crisis without either declaring bankruptcy or being scooped up for pennies on the dollar, like Washington Mutual, Bear Stearns, etc. Of those, shareholders were widely exposed to massive dividend cuts, dilution as a result of government bailouts, and worst of all, large losses in shareholder value. A select few actually continued to thrive during and after this period, and one of those is Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD).
Based in Canada, TD Bank has assets of $806 billion (Canadian, $810 billion U.S.), making it the second largest financial institution in Canada. TD has over 14 million customers worldwide, mostly in Canada and the US. The company operates in four segments: Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking, US Personal and Commercial Banking, Wholesale Banking, and Wealth and Insurance. The first two divisions are self-explanatory and have one of the strongest loan portfolios by credit quality in the business, but the Wholesale Banking segment's services include underwriting and distribution of new debt and equity. The Wealth and Insurance segment focuses on investment products, through brands TD Ameritrade (of which it owns a 32.5% stake), TD Waterhouse and TD Mutual Funds.
TD is known for making frequent acquisitions, which some see as a risk. Most notably, it acquired Commerce Bancorp (March '08), South Financial Group (October '10), Chrysler Financial Corp (April '11), and MBNA Canada (December '11).
Before we look at TD's past performance, for comparison's sake, here is a 10-year chart of Bank of America (BAC) to illustrate the impact of the crisis on less-strong banks:
Even those that were better-positioned before the crash have not fully recovered, as seen by Wells Fargo's (WFC) chart:
TD, on the other hand, dropped just like the rest in '09, but once the dust settled, the market saw just how strong and well-positioned the company is. TD's all-time high before the crash was $77.83, and it is above that now, trading around $82.
My regular readers know that I strongly advocate researching a company's track record of not only increasing share price, but increasing dividends over time. Unlike the other two companies mentioned, TD only decreased their dividend slightly during the crisis, and only for two quarters. After that, they continued to push the yield higher. For comparison, here are the past 10 years of dividend payouts for these 3 banks:
TD currently trades at only 11.8 times 2012 earnings, and is projected by analysts to earn $7.89 per share in 2013 and $8.68 in 2014. Even if the multiple stays this historically low, that gives us a price target of $93.10 for one year and a 2-year target of $102.42. When you add in the very likely chance that the dividend will continue to increase over time, TD looks like a great long-term investment for any portfolio.
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CBS Blues Sunday December 4, 2022 doors 6:30PM, show @ 7PM @ the Neighborhood Theatre
CBS Blues Sunday December 4, 2022 doors 6:30PM, show @ 7PM @ the Neighborhood Theatre
1828 - While minstrel shows were gaining in popularity, the song JumpJim Crow" was being performed by white comedian Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rick in blackface makeup. The song was allegedly inspired by a crippled African slave by the name of Jim Crow. After slavery was abolished, blacks themselves performed in traveling shows instead. One such organization was the Rabbit's Foot Minstrels, who traveled the south performing tent show for nearly 60 years, and gave career starts to artists such as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Big Joe Williams and Rufus Thomas.(credit:JD Nash)
1861 - Led by President Abraham Lincoln, the civil war took place at this time and the struggle to abolish slavery was born. Slaves were used for many years in the South and the blues genre developed from the slaves' harsh work conditions. They created songs that were very spiritual about work, life, and hope. Finally, the civil war brought hope to many slaves.
1863 - The emancipation proclamation in 1863 initiated the start of sharecroppers and 'Juke Joints' which were places where African Americans went to listen to music and gamble. This is the period where African spirituals left the group setting and were moved into a more individualized performance. "there was a direct relationship between the national ideological emphasis upon the individual, the popularity of Booker T. Washington's teachings, and the rise of the blues." -Lawrence Levine
1867 - Three Northern abolitionists publish the book, Slave Songs of the United States. The book is a collection of 136 African-American songs, mostly spirituals, that were sung by slaves working the Southern plantations. It was the first and considered the most influential publication of spirituals and folks songs ever published.-(credit-JD Nash)
1885 - Dockery Farms cotton plantation and sawmill was established by Will Dockery. Many farm workers and itinerant musicians worked. played and traveled through Dockery learning the blues and taking it with them when they traveled on. Dockery Farms was home to artists such as Henry Sloan, Charley Patton, Son House, Willie Brown, Robert Johnson, Tommy Johnson, Howlin' Wolf, Roebuck "Pops" Staples and David "Honeyboy" Edwards. - (credit JD Nash)
1893 "Blind" Lemon Jefferson was born in Coutchman, Texas. Jefferson, who was born blind, began learning guitar in his early teens. During his relatively short life, he wrote and recorded songs such as "Matchbox Blues" Black Snake Moan" and "See That My Grave is Kept Clean". He also helped found the Deep Ellum blues movement in Dallas, Texas: traveled and played with fellow country blues artist Lead Belly and taught T-Bone Walker to play guitar. -(credit JD Nash)
1899 - Scott Joplin publishes 'Maple Leaf Rag' Joplin's influence in the development in ragtime greatly influenced early Blues.
1901 - Reporters and Chroniclers in the Deep South reported on Blues music very early on in the 20th century. Jelly Roll Morton says he first heard Blues in New Orleans in 1902.
1902 - Victor Records issues the first known recordings of African American field hollers known as "Camp Meeting Shouts"
1903 - The Blues had been evolving in America since the slaves came across the Atlantic with their African spirituals. But in 1903 W.C. Handy insisted that he had had the Blues revealed to him by a guitarist at a train station. He discovers the blues and "12-bar format
1908 - the first peice of Blues music was published. It was Antonio Maggio's 'I got the Blues'
1912 - The first blues songs, including W.C. Handy's "Memphis Blues", are published as sheet music.
1917 – The United States enters World War I. Military and economic mobilization starts the great internal migration of African-America and exposes American troops to blues music, causing a blues music explosion.
1920 - The first recording of a solo African American was Mamie Smith's 1920 rendition of Perry Bradfords 'Crazy Blues. It sold over 1,000,000 copies in the first year.
1920 - Rural African Americans began migrating to the urban centers thus defining Blues as an individual art form. Prior to this Blues had just been seen as the music of the rural Mississippi delta.
1920 - Big Bill Broonzy, a Mississipi bluesman, moved to the city of Chicago with his parents in the year of 1920 and packed his heritage with him. He is a key contributer in starting the Chicago Blues genre and popularizing it.
1920 - One of the first Blues artists to emerge out of the 20's was Bessie Smith, who sang the blues and contributed to more modern interpretations of the genre.
1923 - Kentucky born, Sylvester Weaver was the first to record the style known as slide guitar using a knife or a broken off bottle top as a slide on the guitar's fret board.
1923 - Ralph Peer, the famous Artist & Repertory man for Okeh and Victor Records, makes his first field recordings in Atlanta, Georgia, marking the recording debut of both the folk blues and what will later be called country music.
1924- The first male folk blues records, featuring singers Papa Charlie Jackson and Daddy Stovepipe, are issued.
1925 – Electrical recording technology is introduced and blues music is available for wider audience
1925 – Blind Lemon Jefferson, the dominant blues figure of the late 1920s recorded first song
1929 – The early Delta bluesman Charley Patton recorded first song
1929 – Great Depression in the United States southern blacks migrated north north to cities such as New York and along the route of the Illinois Central Railroad toward Chicago. New type of blues was made – Chicago blues and it was more powerful than all types before.
1930- Throughout the 1930's Alan Lomax recorded a wide variety of African American singing styles termed proto-blues, including field hollers and ring shouts
1933 - Huddie Ledbetter aka Lead Belly introduces the Blues to a wider audience. He was the first artist to play Blues to a white audience outside the South.
1934 - Urban Blues in Chicago, Illinois form as a result of the great depression in the 30s and 40s. Boogie Woogie Blues are an important style of that time
1936 - Robert Johnson was a very influential musician in his time and influenced the developement of the blues.
1938 - One of the most influential blues artists ever, Robert Johnson, at the age of 27 was playing a gig at a juke joint outside Greenwood, Mississippi. During the course of the gig that night, he was given poisoned whiskey, which he drank, and died 3 days later. There are various versions of how and why he died and the legend lives on. - (credit JD Nash)
1939 - The first recording of an electric guitar was played by Eddie Durnham. The instrument had been developed by George Beauchamp and Adolph Rickenbacher
1941 - Alan Lomax records McKinley Morganfield better known as Muddy Waters in a field in Mississippi for the library of congress musical archive.
1941 - The first broadcast of King Biscuit Time on KFFA radio in West Helena, Arkansas featuring Robert Lockwood, Jr. and Sonny Boy Williamson II.
King Biscuit Time was also a major breakthrough for African-American music in general. The popularity of the program and its reach into the untapped African-American demographic gained notice and spawned a host of imitators.
1943 - Muddy Waters boarded a greyhound in Clarksdale Mississippi and road it to Chicago, Illinois. His trip and the music he began playing there is recognized as the first step in the transition from rural, country blues to urban blues. - (credit: JD Nash)
1945 - Blues popularity increased after soldiers returned returned home, and John Lee Hooker, Robert Johnson, T-Bone Walker and others began to gain influence.
1946 - Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup recorded the song "That's All Right" for the RCA Victor label. 8 years later Elvis Presley would record his version of the song on Sun Records.
1947 – Muddy Waters makes his first Chicago recordings.
1948 - Jerry Wexler, Billboard Magazine editor, coins the phrase "Rhythm & Blues" on Billboard charts.
1950-1970 Albert King, B.B. King, and Freddie King, all emerge as the most talented and influential blues guitarists to this day. These guitarists transcribed their cultural heritage into memorable pieces of music on the electric guitar. As blues music was traditionally sung, they had refined a new era of innovation electrifying blues and influenced many to come.
1952 – B.B. King has his first major rhythm and blues hit with a version of “Three O’Clock Blues.”
1954 - Elvis Presley records Arthur ‘Big Boy’ Crudup’s “That’s Alright Mama” for Sun Records in Memphis, TN. This record launched Elvis’ career and a musical style called Rock and Roll.
1954 - Muddy Waters, Howling Wolf, Big Mama Thornton, Lightning Hopkins, Jimmy Smith begin the modern blues we know today.
1960-1980 - Throughout this era, many English Blues Rock artists emerged using the African American influences in creating new music. Some great acts of this period were Jimmy Page, a young guitarist who emerged from London influenced by many blues and rock artists namely B.B. King. Keith Richards and Peter Green also became popular througout the era contributing to their own version of the blues as they mixed blues with rock to create a refined sound.
1960 – Muddy Waters performs at the Newport Jazz Festival to tremendous acclaim.
1961 - John Hammond convinced Columbia Records to release a reissue a compilation of Robert Johnson songs."King of the Delta Blues Singers" is still recognized as one of the most influential blues releases of all times and was the first album to be inducted by the Blues Foundation in the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980.
1963 - Eric Clapton and the Yardbirds record "Boom Boom" by John Lee Hooker. This begins the rise of Blues within England and Europe. 1964 - The first U.S. tour by the Rolling Stones marks the invasion of British blues rock bands.
1964 – Delta bluesmen Son House and Skip James perform at the Newport Folk Festival
1964 - The Rolling Stones tour the US fir the first time and while here, they spend two days recording at Chess Studios in Chicago. During that time, they meet Muddy Waters. The sessions included their first #1 hit single "It's All Over Now", a cover of the Bobby & Shirley Womack tune. The Stones are still considered instrumental in making blues a major part of Rock and Roll.
1966 - Through his blues influences including renowned blues guitarist B.B. King, English guitarist Eric Clapton became a master of Blues guitar and created the first revolutionary blues electric guitar sound. He composed a memorable blues album with vocalist John Mayall, which included covers from blues greats Otis Rush, Freddie King, and Robert Johnson. This albums' covers of blues standards evidently showed the influences of African American blues artists in the composition.
1968 - The Fillmore East opens its doors. Janis Joplin & Albert King were among the first performers.
1969 – Muddy Waters and B.B. King perform at the Fillmore East, a concert venue in the East Village region of New York City, to a predominantly white audience.
1970 - Influenced by classic blues musicians, a number of acts emerged in the Texas Blues scene throughout the 70's namely guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan and trio ZZ Top. These acts revolutionized Texas Blues along with creating distinct sounds with electric guitars.
1980 - The Blues Foundation s founded in Memphis Tennessee, and presents the first W.C. Handy Blues Awards a the Orpheum Theatre in Memphis.
1990 - Columbia Records released the complete recording of Robert Johnson on CD selling over 400,000 Album copies in only six months.
1990 - after a show at Alpine Valley in East Troy, Wisconsin, Stevie Ray Vaughan is killed in a helicopter crash shortly after takeoff. Vaughan is credited with the resurgence of interest in blues, and is still considered to be one of that era's most influential players, writers and performers.
2000 - Many modern blues artists emerged and refined the genre while adding their own touch to create modern music. Such artists as Joe Bonamassa and John Mayer are renowned blues artists who's primary intruments are the electric guitar. Some of their influences were Eric Clapton and Stevie Ray Vaughan, from the 70's.
2003 - Congress declares 2003 the "Year of the Blues," commemorating the 100th anniversary of W.C. Handy's encounter with an unknown early bluesman at a train station in Mississippi. A 7-part PBS documentary was released by executive producer Martin Scorsese "The Blues" on September 28th.
2015 - Located in Memphis Tenessee, the Blues Hall of Fame finally opened to the public recognizing all Blues Artists contributions and influence to the genre Thanks to the following for information derived directly from their research and websites: www.sciblues.org/blues-decadeswww.timetoast.com/timelines/history-of-blues-musicmusicinourmindandheart/blues-music-history-timeline
additional credits to this timeline from American BluesScene and JD Nash.
Blues music is a truly American form of music that has its origins in a collection of styles that are uniquely American, representing a melding of cultures. Its origins are mostly rooted in the gospel spirituals and field hollers of African Americans in the old South. This rhythm-based music evoked the hardships of life and offered relief through a shared struggle.The Blues are characterized by a call-and-response pattern, the blues scale, and specific chord progressions ("12-bar" blues). Shuffle rhythm patterns, a strong backbeat and a walking bass line form a solid groove that identify Blues music. Originally, blues music was played by a single player on the banjo. The acoustic guitar eventually supplanted the banjo, while harmonica, mandolin, piano and other instruments and more players were added. The blues started to become a group-oriented form of music, and the electric guitar has become the dominate instrument of the genre.
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Often times persons suffering from eating disorders also participate in the dangerous abuse of not only drugs & alcohol, but many over-the-counter drugs as well. Below is a list of commonly abused agents. Please click on the items below to find out more information.
Many individuals with eating disorders turn to diet pills in their obsessive quest to lose weight. Abusing diet pills – both prescription and over-the-counter – is one of the most dangerous weight loss methods and can take a serious toll on an individual’s physical and psychiatric health. It's unfortunate that diet pills are so prevalent and accessible in our society. Even minors can purchase diet pills from local grocery stores, health food stores, pharmacies and convenience stores. Diet pill use can easily trigger or exacerbate eating disorders like bulimia and anorexia nervosa. More information on diet pill abuse ››
A diuretic refers to a substance that forces the excretion of water from the body. Individuals with eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia nervosa often abuse diuretics in an attempt to lose weight. In reality diuretic misuse does not actually lead to weight loss. Instead it merely reduces the amount of water in an eating disordered individual’s body, creating an illusion of weight loss. Diuretic misuse is extremely dangerous since water in the body is essential to many functions. When individuals abuse diuretics they are robbing their bodies of an essential resource. More information on diuretic abuse ››
Substance abuse and eating disorders like Anorexia, Bulimia or Compulsive Overeating often go hand-in-hand. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found that one half of individuals who suffer from an eating disorder regularly abuse alcohol or illicit drugs. This compares to nine percent for the general population. More information on drug and alcohol abuse ››
Some individuals suffering from eating disorders like Anorexia, Bulimia or Compulsive Overeating participate in the dangerous activity of using Ipecac syrup as a means of purging. Ipecac syrup is a plant extract from the ipecacuanha scrub bush found in Brazil. Ipecac syrup stimulates the central nervous system when ingested and can cause individuals to vomit. Ipecac's sole clinical purpose is to induce vomitting in individuals who have ingested poisonous substances. Ipecac syrup was never intended to be used habitually and is only meant for single use. More information on ipecac abuse ››
Many individuals struggling with eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa purge themselves using laxatives. These individuals operate under the false assumption that they can rid themselves of excess calories by misusing laxatives. This method is actually ineffective since calories are mostly absorbed right after eating. Most laxatives work by directly stimulating nerves or by aggravating the lining of the small intestines. When the intestines are continuously over-stimulated through laxative abuse, the bowels can eventually become unresponsive. More information on laxative abuse ››
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|Proposed construction on State Route 10 includes the creation of northbound and southbound passing lanes.|
The Utah Department of Transportation held an open house on Wednesday at the town hall in Huntington. The purpose of the meeting was to gather comments on the proposed widening of State Route 10 from Huntington to Poison Springs Bench. At the open house a large map of the proposed road as it is now and also including the proposed improvements was available for the public to examine. Comments and concerns were written directly on the map at the point of reference. Written comments were taken as well as oral comments. Comments are still being accepted by mail. The draft plan is the result of technical work and review of information from property owners and local officials.
Plans for the project include a northbound passing lane for the entire five mile length of the project. A southbound passing lane for 4.25 miles of the project. A four-foot paved plus six-foot graded shoulders will also be part of the improvements. Motorists on SR-10 experience travel delays and unsafe conditions. The engineering analysis for the project concluded that SR-10 lacks acceptable passing opportunities. Motorists are spending 85 percent of their time on this stretch of SR-10 following slow-moving vehicles. The majority of delays are from the large number of heavy trucks using the highway.
Existing narrow shoulders and steep slopes along the side of the road do not provide a safe vehicle recovery area for motorists. This area is called a "clear zone." UDOT will obtain and comply with conditions of permits. They will erect fencing around sensitive features during construction to prevent impacts. UDOT will also use retaining walls, guard rails, steeper cut fill slopes and head walls where applicable to reduce and avoid impacts. They will also document historic sites like the Cleveland Canal which was build between 1885 and 1889 and the North Ditch which was built in 1879.
UDOT will also monitor for the presence of burrowing owls. They will work to control construction impacts using the best management practices. Noise abatement is not one of the proposed projects and two landowners specifically along the route could experience increased traffic noise.
Some environmental impacts are expected with the project such as the removal of 920 feet of historic SR-10. The replacement of the culvert over the historic Cleveland Canal and the extension of the culvert on the historic North Ditch are also part of the project. Approximately a half an acre of wetlands/stream areas will be impacted. Travelers will also experience the impacts of the actual construction process.
H.G. Kunzler, project manager said, "Letters were sent to all residents adjacent to the project and we met with them individually. These letters were sent out at the beginning of the project. We met with all who voiced concerns. Residents were also notified of the open house by mail. We will analyze all of the comments given here tonight and also the comments received by mail. We will accept comments until Aug. 31. We will take the comments and address them. When we finalize the draft environmental document we will incorporate any modifications. UDOT addresses each question or comment.
"The project could go out for bid in late fall or winter, but it will most likely be in the spring of 2003. The funds for this project will come from federal highway funds," said Kunzler.
Speed studies will also be conducted along the route to help determine the appropriate speed for the route. One resident expressed concern over speed along the intersection where the Cleveland Road takes off and the reservoir traffic and coal truck traffic all enter the highway. He said he has seen a lot of accidents at that intersection involving distracted drivers.
The project will be a Level III project which will fall under a categorical exclusion. The environmental study has taken place but with a minimal disturbance expected, this project will not need a full blown NEPA study. These exclusions allow a project to get up and running in a timely manner without delays.
Some residents who live along the West Airport Road are excited about the project which will construct a turning lane so they will safely be able to access their road when returning from a trip to Price. A deceleration lane will also be installed so they can access the road without fear of being hit from behind when returning from Huntington. "We are happy with these improvements," said Jeannine Seegmiller.
Kunzler said, "This project is needed to meet adequate traffic operations and correct existing design deficiencies including substandard shoulder widths, a deficient clear zone and to improve the safety of the corridor."
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Afghanistan's foreign minister upbeat
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Afghanistan's interim foreign minister expressed optimism Saturday that his nation can rebuild after more than two decades of conflict, provided that the international community remains committed to supplying support.
"What we need is continued engagement from the United States, first of all, in the war against terror, which will help stability in Afghanistan and the whole region ... and also in the reconstruction efforts of our people," Abdullah told CNN.
"It is a major challenge. We are aware of it."
"What is going on in the political process is a transition from war to peace. After 22 years of war, we have won the war, virtually, and we have to win the peace," Abdullah said.
"It is rebuilding the state from scratch in all aspects of it -- political, economical, from the infrastructure point of view, cultural, social. It is an enormous task. But I'm sure the Afghans will do it with the support of the international community," he said.
Abdullah is in Washington to prepare for a visit by interim Afghanistan chairman Hamid Karzai, who is scheduled to meet with President Bush Monday, his first official meeting with Bush since assuming control after the fall of the Taliban regime.
On Friday, Abdullah met with Secretary of State Colin Powell and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice. Powell, who visited Kabul, the Afghan capital, this month, vowed that the United States would stand by the Afghan people.
Abdullah also gave the Council on Foreign Relations an outline of Afghanistan's reconstruction plan to rebuild the devastated country.
He told the group that the interim administration is developing a constitution for Afghanistan and will make substantial efforts to include women and the nation's various ethnic groups in the government.
Members of the commission that will organize the tribal council or Loya Jirga, whose task is to choose a transitional government at mid-year, were announced Friday. Women are included among the commission's members.
"The opportunity is there," Abdullah said Saturday.
"We were optimistic even before September 11 when there were no opportunities and we were trying hard, struggling hard, to create that opportunity," he said. "We, as Afghans, have to seize it, and have to seize it quickly, and our friends should support us. Together we can make it."
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Manual Section... (2) - page: set_tid_address
NAMEset_tid_address - set pointer to thread ID
#include <linux/unistd.h> long set_tid_address(int *tidptr);
DESCRIPTIONThe kernel keeps for each process two values called set_child_tid and clear_child_tid that are NULL by default.
set_child_tidIf a process is started using clone(2) with the CLONE_CHILD_SETTID flag, set_child_tid is set to child_tidptr, the fifth argument of that system call.
clear_child_tidIf a process is started using clone(2) with the CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID flag, clear_child_tid is set to child_tidptr, the fifth argument of that system call.
The system call set_tid_address() sets the clear_child_tid value for the calling process to tidptr.
When clear_child_tid is set, and the process exits, and the process was sharing memory with other processes or threads, then 0 is written at this address, and a futex(child_tidptr, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0); call is done. (That is, wake a single process waiting on this futex.) Errors are ignored.
RETURN VALUEset_tid_address() always returns the PID of the calling process.
ERRORSset_tid_address() always succeeds.
VERSIONSThis call is present since Linux 2.5.48. Details as given here are valid since Linux 2.5.49.
CONFORMING TOThis system call is Linux-specific.
SEE ALSOclone(2), futex(2)
COLOPHONThis page is part of release 3.24 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
- RETURN VALUE
- CONFORMING TO
- SEE ALSO
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 15:26:28 GMT, June 11, 2010
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Progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare form of MS
that causes steady damage to nerves when symptoms first appear and continues to
cause progressive worsening.
Relapses (disease flare-ups) occur, followed by full or partial recovery, but
nerve damage continues and symptoms become increasingly disabling.
Symptoms of MS include:
Weakness, leg dragging, and
Blurred, foggy, or hazy vision.
pins-and-needles sensation, and numbness.
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Karin M. Lindholm, DO - Neurology
The Health Encyclopedia contains general health information. Not all treatments or services described are covered benefits for Kaiser Permanente members or offered as services by Kaiser Permanente. For a list of covered benefits, please refer to your Evidence of Coverage or Summary Plan Description. For recommended treatments, please consult with your health care provider.
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Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download or CD-ROM. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99...
This is a small square or oblong chamber in the body of the altar, in which are placed, according to the "Pontificale Romanum" (De Eccles. Consecratione) the relics of two canonized martyrs although the Cong. Sac. Rit. (16 February, 1906) decided that if the relic of only one martyr is placed in it the consecration is valid, to these may be properly added the relics of other saints, especially of those in whose honour the church of the altar is consecrated. These relics must be actual portions of the saints' bodies, not simply of their garments or of other objects which they may have used or touched; the relics must, moreover be authenticated. If the altar is a fixed or immovable altar, the relics are placed in a reliquary of lead, silver, or gold, which should be large enough to contain, besides the relics, three grains of incense and a small piece of parchment on which is written an attest of the consecration. This parchment is usually enclosed in a crystal vessel or small vial, to prevent its decomposition. The size of the cavity varies to suit the size of the reliquary. If it is a portable altar the relics and the grains of incense are placed immediately, i.e. without a reliquary, into the cavity. This cavity must be hewn in the natural stone of the altar. Hence, unless the altar be a single block of stone, a block of natural stone is inserted for the purpose in the support. The location of the cavity in a fixed altar is
APA citation. (1907). Altar Cavity. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01351d.htm
MLA citation. "Altar Cavity." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01351d.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Michael C. Tinkler.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.
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Roll it down a hill, dress it up on a bonnet or simply tuck into your egg as we crack into Easter’s past times
Feel like rolling your egg this Easter? Well why not!
Of course the neighbours may look at you rather oddly and your family may start phoning psychiatrists, but if you stand your ground and explain that you are merely honouring tradition, these difficulties will sort themselves out.
After all, the egg is the symbol of Easter and better men than your neighbours have rolled it merrily since the thirteenth century and probably before that. It is in fact one of the earliest known symbols of the spring festivals that preceded the Christian era in many parts of the world, an indication of new life and birth.
Some credit the ancient Persians with exchanging gifts of eggs at this time of year. Which will come as a surprise to many of us, who didn’t even know ancient Persians kept hens.
However you don’t have to go to Persia for your eggs, any good supermarket would do. In 1290 Edward I ordered up to 450 to be coloured for distribution at Easter. A pretty magnanimous gesture which cost him, according to his preserved household accounts, the princely sum of 18 pence. But that was before we had the lion mark and the British Egg Information Service.
Coming forward a few hundred years there is an account of Easter Monday egg rolling at Burton-on-Humber, while at Birkenhead they even had special grassy mounds to facilitate things. These mounds gloried in the romantic name of the ‘bouks,’ and to lend a dash of spice to the festivities each bouk had a wicket at the bottom through which the locals tried to roll their eggs – unbroken.
It will be appreciated that by then eggs had probably gone up in price, so not the cheapest way to celebrate Easter.
Of course eggs have their limitations, and nobody realised this better than our ancestors. They thought up all sorts of different ideas to mark “the death of winter and the birth of spring.” A strange one to catch my eye was in 1511, a royal command went out to:
“Cleane out the Fyres of Black Winter Brandes, and all thyngs that is foule with fume and smoke shall be done awaye and the Fyre gaily arrayed with fayre floures and strewed with green rysshes all aboute.”
This was a popular measure with chimney sweeps and florists, but it leaves you wondering just what sort fires they kept in those days. Still, cleaning out the grate is a pretty tame way of celebrating anything.
So happy Easter to you all, and merry rolling!
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Our industry defines a "Kick" as an entry of formation fluids into a man-made borehole, or well-bore. Blowouts are then defined as the "loss of control" of a Kick. While Kicks may occur during the normal course of Drilling or Production Operations, blowouts are caused by one thing only, HUMAN ERROR!
By addressing all aspects of the Human Factor, our belief is that blowouts can, and should be, completely eliminated! This is a challenging goal, and can only be accomplished through:
- Individual and job role specific training.
- Honest and meaningful evaluation.
- Regular re-training of our workforce.
This goal, no matter how challenging and difficult, can be achieved without forced mandates from Federal, State, and Local Governments, but it takes sincere "buy-in" and commitment from all the parties involved. Industry leading groups and organizations, such as the IADC, the API, and the IOGP have already provided the necessary guidance documents, industry best practices, and voluntary involvement of subject matter experts that are necessary to overcome the challenge(s) and to meet the goal.
It is now left up to the remaining "stake holders" to do their respective parts!
Petroleum College International (PCI) will certainly do our part. Following is our commitment to our clients, our students, and to the industry we love and appreciate:
- We will employ only "professional" educators that have been trained specifically and extensively in all aspects of Well Control.
- Our classes have never been "abbreviated" or "watered down"... and never will be.
- We believe in extensive "hands-on" re-enforcement of abstract and difficult principles and procedures. To accomplish this, we will maintain only "State-of-the-Art" simulation equipment.
- Each of our instructors will know how to use our simulation equipment in the most effective manner.
- All PCI course participants will be taught the most current industry "best" practices.
- Our End-of-Course Evaluation will be compliant with the strictest industry standard available.
- We will accept no compromises or shortcuts! Will you?
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Over the past few years, pad cratering has become a vexing problem in lead-free assemblies, largely attributed to problems with the resin used to make a printed circuit board. To help industry eliminate the defect and, at the same time, cut costs, IPC has released IPC-9708: ‘Test Methods for Characterisation of PCB Pad Cratering.’ The new industry standard provides three standardised test methodologies that enable product developers to determine the best material for their application.
“In the beginning, there was not much attention to these types of failures because they were almost unheard of,” says Dr Reza Ghaffarian, a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineer and the chair of the IPC SMT Attachment Reliability Test Methods Task Group that developed IPC-9708. He explains that as companies started getting products ready to ship, they began to realise they had a problem that was not with just one or two parts, but with many. “These are catastrophic failures that are sometimes latent. The defect does not always show itself in testing.”
IPC-9708 provides test methods to evaluate the susceptibility of printed board assembly materials and designs to cohesive dielectric failure underneath surface mount technology (SMT) attach pads. The test methods, which include cold ball pull, ball shear and hard pin pull, can be used to rank order and compare different printed board materials and design parameters. “The standard will help people select, say, four materials that seem to meet their needs. They can then build test coupons defined by IPC-9708 and run tests on these coupons,” says Satish Parupalli, an Intel engineer who helped coordinate the development of the IPC-9708 within the IPC 6-10d task group. “That lets them make a decision before they build any real products.”
Companies that use IPC-9708 can also expect substantial cost reductions by reducing the burden of verification and qualification. As is the case with many standards, widespread adoption would bring significant benefits to industry. Proponents hope that resin suppliers and board fabricators will begin reporting data based on standardised testing.
Read more...Electronics news digest 26 February 2020
, News OverseasBusiness
• Maxim Integrated Products reported net revenue of $551 million for its second quarter of fiscal 2020 ended 28 December 2019, a 3% increase from the $533 million revenue recorded ...
Read more...Electronics news digest 29 January 2020
, News South Africa
• More than 2400 people braved pouring rain in Gauteng to attend the 5th Science Forum South Africa (SFSA) at the CSIR International Convention Centre in December. The annual Department ...
Read more...Appointment: ExecuKit 29 January 2020, ExecuKit
ExecuKit has appointed Marshant Benadie in a technical support role.
His duties will include developing business with clients within the electronics distribution and manufacturing industry; managing ...
Read more...Repro installs new SMT production line 29 January 2020
The company is actively seeking business for this new assembly line, which promises extensive flexibility and high accuracy, and can easily be expanded for higher production volumes.
Read more...AREI’s plans for 2020 29 January 2020
, Editor's Choice, News
Erich Nast, chairman of AREI, discusses what the association’s plans are to tackle the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Read more...Check out Dataweek’s new-look website 29 January 2020, Technews Publishing
, Editor's Choice, News
Our technical design elves have been locked away in our basement for months, improving the visual design and functionality of the Dataweek website.
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Monday, May 6, 2013
5 Things I Like About Building a PLN on Google+
One of the things that educators often say to me about Twitter is that they don't know who to follow or how to find people to follow. Twitter does make suggestions about who to follow, but the suggestions made to the first-time user who is looking to connect with other educators are non-existent. Twitter also gives you the option to connect with people in your email contacts too. That's about where it ends for obvious, built-in discovery tools on Twitter.
Google+, of course, will pull-in your Gmail contacts for you to use to connect with other people using Google+. To get beyond the people to whom you are already connected, hit the "communities" button on your Google+ homepage and search for a community to join. For example, search for "education," "teaching," or "educational technology" communities and join an open community. Then start to connect with others in that community. In just a few clicks you can be involved in a community of dozens or hundreds of other educators on Google+.
You can create your own private or public community on Google+. You could create a private community just for your colleagues to discuss matters important to your school community. You could create a public community for parents and students to join to keep abreast of important information about your school.
I have a half-dozen or so circles at the moment. Creating circles allows me group my contacts according to any criteria that I like. For example, I have a circle of just my family and a circle for just friends in Maine. There are some things, like pictures of nieces, I don't want to share with the whole world so I'll share just with those in my family and close friends circles.
One of the things that I often hear from teachers who have tried Twitter and given up on it is, "I couldn't keep up with what was happening."
I find it far easier to follow conversations on Google+ than on Twitter. I don't spend all day and night on Twitter which means that sometimes people reply to something I said hours or days ago and I have lost the context for their messages. In fact, this happened to me this morning. Someone replied to something I Tweeted on Friday and another person jumped into the conversation. This all happened two hours before I was awake so when I got on Twitter I had to go back through a dozen messages to find out what they we're talking about and why I was mentioned in their Tweets.
On Google+ when people reply to something that I've posted I always see what prompted their comments. It doesn't matter if what they're responding to was posted two hours ago or two weeks ago, I always see their comments tied directly below my original post.
This goes along with following conversations. If someone posts a picture or video as part of a message, that picture or video appears directly in my stream of messages. I don't have to click a link to see the picture or video. This may be a minor thing to some, but to me it's huge because it means that I don't have to open a new tab or window in my browser.
Visit the official Google+ help pages for a complete guide to getting started with Google+.
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The No-Nonsense Guide to Staying Well
Introducing a new authoritative report from the editors of the
To your grandmother-and others of her generation-getting older was a thing to fear.
They risked broken bones any time they fell … their skin became wrinkled and covered with “liver spots” … their eyesight dimmed … hearing diminished … and many lost their lives to lung cancer, breast cancer, diabetes, or other serious illnesses.
But thanks to incredible breakthroughs in medical treatments, pharmaceuticals, early detection diagnostic tests, and nutrition, the outlook is considerably rosier for women today.
Although heart disease remains the number one killer of both men and women in the United States, there are now simple things you can do at home to lower your risk of cardiovascular illness by as much as 50%.
A simple vaccine is now available that prevents young women from becoming infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV). And clinical trials have proven that the vaccine does in fact protect most women from cervical cancer, which is caused by HPV.
Although breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in women, the mortality rates from breast cancer have declined steadily for more than two decades, most notably among women under age 50. Among the factors credited for this drop: improved methods of treatment as well as earlier detection through screening.
As a result, women are living longer … staying healthier … and enjoying more productive lives than ever before.
For instance, the average woman in the U.S. today has a lifespan of 81 years. By comparison, a woman born in the early 1900s had an average lifespan of only 47 years-likely dying before her fiftieth birthday.
And there’s more good news almost every month-from innovative ways to maintain bone density in your senior years to reviving lost sex drive in menopausal women. In fact, there are so many more health options for women today than when your grandma was a girl, the choices are almost bewildering.
From talk shows to women’s magazines, to the internet and the bookstore, there’s no shortage of news and information on women’s health. But how do you sort through it, so you can make more informed decisions about your own diet, exercise, treatment, and medications?
Fortunately, there’s an authoritative resource-from one of the world’s most respected public health institutions-that you can turn to for evidence-based guidance on how women can live longer, more active, and healthier lives. And you may preview it in the privacy of your home.
The 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report
Your No-Nonsense Guide to Staying Well
* * * * * * * * * *
With thousands of books … articles … websites … magazines … and clinical studies published every day, no single person can keep up with all of the new developments in women’s health. It would be a full-time job-and I’m guessing you already have too much to do.
Also, unless you’re an M.D. yourself, do you really have the background to separate the good science from the hype in modern medicine today?
That’s where the Wellness Report series from one of the most respected health institutions in the world, the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley can help save you time and money while living longer with optimal health and wellness.
Our editorial advisors, all M.D.s or Ph.D.s or both, with impressive credentials in their specialties, conduct exhaustive searches of the medical literature on a particular topic-in this case, breakthroughs in women’s health.
They then review the research to ensure that it’s based on scientifically sound methods … and to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the findings.
Next, our editors painstakingly convert medical jargon, formulas, and statistics into clear, plain English. I know you’ll find it fascinating reading-and useful.
Here’s a sampling of what you’ll discover in our 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report.
And so much more.
The best bargain in women’s healthcare today.
But that’s not all! Order now, and you’ll also receive this
A Wellness Guide to Weight Control
Tried and True Strategies Based on the Latest Research
Just click below for your risk-free copy of the 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report.
Order now and download your FREE GIFT, A Wellness Guide to Weight Control. Keep the free gift even if you decide, for any reason, to return your Wellness Report.
The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services reports that the average annual expenditure for healthcare for American women ages 19 to 64 is $6,892 per person; for those 65 and older, it jumps to $19,110. Even a routine consultation at your doctor’s office could easily cost $50 or more for a 10-minute visit.
But now, benefitting from today’s latest research breakthroughs in women’s healthcare won’t cost you $3,200 … or $300 … or even $50.
That’s because the University of California, Berkeley’s Women’s Health Wellness Report is just $19.95 plus shipping-less than you’d spend to take a friend out to dinner tonight.
And that’s what our report costs only if you agree that it’s the most important-and valuable-Women’s Health guide you read this year.
If you are not 100% satisfied with our 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report for any reason … or for no reason at all … simply return the report within 30 days for a full refund of the purchase price.
That way, you risk nothing.
Keeps you on the leading edge of women’s health
Great strides are being made all the time in women’s health.
Yet obstacles to living a full, healthy, and energetic life still remain:
Cardiovascular disease remains the #1 killer of women in America, with 400,000 killed each year.
More than 266,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed last year.
About 22,000 American women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year.
Eight million American women age 50 and older suffer from osteoporosis.
Close to half of American women now qualify as having high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for stroke (which kills significantly more women each year than men).
New vaccines … prescription drugs … dietary supplements … hormone treatments … medical procedures … medical tests … and lifestyle changes are being found effective for early detection and treatment of everything from Alzheimer’s disease to psoriasis.
But as a woman, you can’t wait around for your doctors-even your gynecologist-to ferret it out for you. There’s just too much medical information being created for even the best healthcare practitioner to keep up with all of it.
University of California, Berkeley,
The Wellness Reports are published by the University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health. These publications are an outgrowth of the Schools commitment to help improve the health and wellness of our community of readers by publishing expert advice on prevention, diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of ailments and disorders. We provide trusted, authoritative health guidance from leading physicians and researchers at Americas top medical centers and hospitals.
The School of Public Health is
The faculty, consistently noted as among the leading scholars in their respective fields, comprises approximately 150 investigators. Among our faculty are Institute of Medicine members, American Association for the Advancement of Science fellows, Fulbright fellows, and National Academy of Sciences members. The School enrolls approximately 575 graduate students a year, as well as educating about 425 undergraduate students through the upper-division public health major. The School’s more than 15,000 graduates can be found working throughout the world, both in the public and private sectors.
The School of Public Health believes that everyone,
Your purchase of the 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report supports the School of Public Health faculty and students in their work to confront the major health challenges of our generation. A portion of every sale goes to funding scholarships. Your purchase will directly benefit your own health as well as those in your community.
Thanks to this special offer, you can get both the digital and print editions of the 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report now for only $19.95 plus shipping.
Order now and download the digital edition right away and we’ll mail you the print edition of the Wellness Report. This way you’ll have access to the digital edition immediately and you’ll own a printed edition to refer to whenever necessary.
Our no-strings, can’t lose, must-be-satisfied guarantee
You don’t risk a penny to take a good, long look at the 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report. You must be 100 percent convinced this is essential information you can’t do without, or you may return it within your 30-day preview period.
Just click below to order BOTH the digital and print editions of the 2019 Women’s Health Wellness Report and your free gift, A Wellness Guide to Weight Control. Keep the free digital gift even if you decide, for any reason, to return your Wellness Report.
To keep you on the cutting edge of women’s health research, we offer an annual research update service to Wellness Report readers. That way, your Wellness Report is always current, never out of date.
A letter will be sent to you in advance and if you wish to examine the next year’s Women’s Health Wellness Report , do nothing and it will arrive automatically with an invoice. If you don’t wish to see the new Wellness Report, simply return the letter within 30 days. You may notify us at any time if you don’t want to continue in the program.
Your complete satisfaction is fully guaranteed. This urgent information belongs in your hands without another minute’s delay.
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Every child deserves a chance to be introduced to the wealth of knowledge gained through the written language. It should begin early, ideally in the warm and loving atmosphere of a home. If you use flashcards, you can speed your child's learning effectively and instill a love of learning within them.
1Select 20 sight words.
2Display and say each word quickly and clearly. The eye will see the word as a unit.
3Now have your child read it to you.
4If your child hesitates you will provide the word immediately (this is key) and the card will be placed in the back. Make sure to tell your child what will happen.
5Also, print 10 words with the sound of oo such as: zoo, school, scoop, moon etc. Print the words in black but the oo in each word in red. Now flash.
We could really use your help!
- You need to know: your young child will need both sight words and phonics.
- Instead of making flash cards you can always purchase them elsewhere such as the lifelongreading online store
| 89,530
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The National Institute on Media and the Family released its 7th annual video game report card and for the first time awarded the industry and “F” grade.
The poor grade was given due to the increasing amounts of sex and violence in video games across the board. The report card also cited the disturbing treatment of women in violent games such as first-person shooters, and even non-violent games such as BMX XXX, which “degrade women and reinforce dangerous stereotypes by treating them as sexual objects.”
Ratings were also criticized heavily on two fronts. First, the actual classification of certain games was cited as being incorrect, allowing a younger audience to see unsuitable material. Second, education of parents about ratings and enforcement of these ratings by shops was also highlighted as being poor.
The Institute did have praise for the Entertainment Software Review Board (ESRB), however, for its rating system review to make sure games are rated correctly.
As with most reports that come out about the video games industry, you agree and disagree with parts. I think this report does highlight some major problems that I agree with, but I do have a number of issues with it.
I do agree with the comments on the ratings system for games. The ESRB is doing a great job of providing a system that tells you exactly whom a game is suitable for. My experience (working part time in a video game retail store while at university) shows that the ratings do help parents immensely … BUT only if they know it is there. That is the problem with the ratings system: hardly anyone realizes it is there. The rating is usually hidden away in the corner on the back of the case, surrounded by bright colors from the screenshots and marketing hype making it even harder to see.
Things are starting to change, however, with ratings being shown on the front of boxes. This is the exception rather than the rule, though.
Education is the key for both staff and the consumer. The ESRB ratings need to be enforced much like film ratings are; if you sell a mature film to a minor you can get fined or sent to jail, whereas the same enforcement of the ESRB system is just not there. Parents don't help when you see them come in with their kids and buy them games like Vice City. Parents cannot be expected to know what every game is like, but they should know to look for a rating.
Fortunately, Vice City has a mature rating which is clearly stated on the box, but this still doesn't stop some people who still believe games to be harmless whatever the content. I don't believe the report uses Grand Theft Auto: Vice City as a fair example in its arguments. It cites the game as being very violent and then goes on about the ratings system. This is misleading, as Vice City is rated correctly, with the mature rating clearly visible on the front of the box.
As for the report as a whole, it is pretty fair, and does not try to blame everything on video games like other reports/people have in the past.
The industry as a whole needs to tackle the problem of ratings head-on, otherwise the criticism and problems are going to continue until someone outside of the industry takes the reins, which can only be a bad thing. Changing games slightly to get a lower rating is becoming less of an issue as the market matures and the average age of gamers continues to increase. As this report shows, the ratings are key, but can only work if they are backed up with education of the consumer.
USER COMMENTS 38 comment(s)
|Same Old Censorship Line (9:07am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
It is OK to kill someone away but don't have sex cuz it is bad. – by Give Me A Break
|Ratings (9:17am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
are not censorship. Cencorship is not allowing the product to market due to content or deleting the content before the product is made available.
I have no problem with the rating system, I do have a problem with this group of people giving the industry an F. The rating is on the box. The rating is on the advertisements. If a parent is to lazy to research a product they buy for their child, screw them, they are bad parents. – by That Hated Guy
|oh no (9:30am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
so what, who cares what they think? – by BenTheWorm
|The Industry (9:37am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
… is not totally in blame for an increase in production of violent or sexually expressive games, as they are merely rising to meet consumer demand for such products. Citing such games as GTA/Vice City is also, imho, a bad example, b/c those games may be pushing limits, but they still allow for other options in game play also, the game negatively impacts the game character when he does these bad things using negative consequences: the police go after him.
In addition, you have to remember that most retail chain stores, though the employees can be lax, usually treat 'M' rated games as the ESRB intends: with discression for the consumers ages'.
Parents are the ultimate censor, however, and the bulk of responsibility should lay on the parent's shoulers for their own children. We cannot expect society, and the capitalistic industry driving it, to censor itself for our children. There's no direct profit in that, nor any reason other than to satisfy noisy adults.
Parents cannot be there all the time, but if they teach their children what is 'right' and 'wrong', or proper and improper, then their children, even if exposed to these things, will learn about it instead of emulate it.
Of course, (with apologies to D. Miller), this is just my opinion, I could be wrong.
– by CommonCents
|Odd conclusions to be drawn (10:35am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
They don't like what they see as the use of women as sexual objects. Have any of them been to a supermarket lately? Look at the cover of the “women's” magazines. Tell me how many times you find the word “sex” on the cover, usually in tandem with words like “more” “better” or “beg”.
And how is this a “dangerous stereotype” when we keep being told that sex is a perfectly normal thing and we need to give condoms to 12 year-old kids? These people really need to make up their minds. (I know, this group is one of the most anti-sex, anti-fun groups around)
|Media (11:14am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
I find it interesting to note how movies and media (adverts especially) continually push the 'boundry', so to speak, of cultural sensibilities. We are bombarded with images of violence, strong sexual appeal, objectification of human beings of both sexes, and addiction.
Yet, when other industries encroach upon this, they are crucified by extremist views and 'fears' of perversion of our children. Responsibility, as always, ultimately lies with parenting, not society. The seedier elements of civilization will always exist, get over it.
Personally I feel that this rating system is designed to aid parents in their decision making, however it should not replace good old fashioned discression. – by CommonCents
|Censorship? (11:19am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
By definition it is onyl censorship when the government does it. When parents or other “rights” group step into stop something then it is just community involement no matter how much you might agree or disagree with their decisions.
– by Parents pls decide
|Censorship? (11:19am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
By definition it is only censorship when the government does it. When parents or other “rights” group step into stop something then it is just community involement no matter how much you might agree or disagree with their decisions.
– by Parents pls decide
|Impressed! (11:27am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
I think that it is awesome to see so many people in favor of rating and keeping the morals high in this respect. I hope that games that encourage bad morals and violence will eventually loose there appeal thus be done away with. Along with the need for a rating systome. – by High Hopes
|system vs content (11:42am EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
The rating system exists so that people do not mistake the content of their games. I seriously doubt that ratings will discourage consumers in fact, for some people, higher ratings actually encourage purchase.
Personally, I support a ratings system, but not an enforcement of any kind of censorship due to that system. Ratings are for informational purposes only, so that parents have the opportunity making an educated choice for their children.
Companies will always meet consumer demands. At the moment, demand lies with the racier titles. Expect to see more of this sort of thing in the future.
|A+ (12:55pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
I think that the industry is doing very well. The 3DO had porn VCDs. XXX BMX didn't sell. Parents are aware of ESRB. – by tech
|I think (1:28pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
I think they should list the types of acts been done in the game on the box in bold letters.
VICE CITY: RAPE HOOKER Slaying …….
– by Rax
|A+ (1:29pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
Really who cares what these numb nuts think of games or gaming in general for that matter. The same people that do this so called report card are probably 50-80 years old and have never even played a game besides chutes and ladders or the game life! – by MR.MAN
|GTA (1:31pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
My daughters, 16 and 17, have been playing the new GTA. Rather than complaining about “violence against women” they complain that there is only one character, and it isn't the androgyne you should have in a game crappy enough to only have 1 main character (ie, console).
The liberals who commissioned and wrote this study decry the “violence against women”, what about the violence against the men? It seems that the only time violence against men is spoken against is when the men are homosexual.
Women want to have their cake and eat mine, too. – by /sm
|MR.MAN (1:37pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
No, I'm 50. A woman in her late 60s won a prestigeous Quake tourney a few years back.
These are your average twenty something liberal yuppies and preppies, the same people who were responsible for the prohibition of alcohol, drugs, gambling, and prostitution and who are now working toward the abolition of video games- at least, the ones I like playing.
They are also the same cowards calling for you to give up your civil liberties in hopes that Osama's (and George's) goals be furthered- the goals of hving us living an an orwellian, privacy and freedom-free corporate state.
CHOAM, anyone? – by /sm
|…sex in video games??? (3:29pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
this must be stopped now! Our kids might grow up to have sex one day!! – by BenTheWorm
|Having sex is hereditary… (4:27pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
if your parents didn't have sex, then chances are you won't either.
:) – by Noob Saibot
|It's like George says (5:08pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
George Carlin says that people that complain about sex are people you won't want to have sex with in the first place!
The problem I see with all the violence in these games is that it desensitizes our kids. Not a good thing. – by FacetheMusic
|FUK STEVE! (6:05pm EST Mon Dec 30 2002)
/sm and stevey suck and so do they! – by Steve/sm
| oooook (5:40pm EST Tue Dec 31 2002)
ratings people suck. they suck big time. commie bastards. – by bootycall
|censorship (12:29pm EST Thu Jan 02 2003)
I blame tipper gore, she founded the pmrc in the 80s to tackle the issue of music being the devils way into our childrens lives, see the way i see it Tipper was sat at home while Al was on the campaign trail …being as she didnt need to earn any money she was probably sat at home bored and decided the best way to tackle the decline of western society was to start trying to ban rock music and then rap music….now come on the only reason she did it was she had fuck all else to do and figured i know what ill do is set up a lobby and try and ban things i dont like plus i can stick my nose up a lot more arses to see what people eat. fukin busybodies thinking that they know what is right for everyone else….humans are all different we all have different tastes but the one thing we do have in common is the ability to decide what is right for ourselves….i think that the right to decide should be protected at all costs…even if it means killing tipper and her plastic nose arse sniffing mates – by theone
|censorship (12:31pm EST Thu Jan 02 2003)
I blame tipper gore, she founded the pmrc in the 80s to tackle the issue of music being the devils way into our childrens lives, see the way i see it Tipper was sat at home while Al was on the campaign trail …being as she didnt need to earn any money she was probably sat at home bored and decided the best way to tackle the decline of western society was to start trying to ban rock music and then rap music….now come on the only reason she did it was she had fuck all else to do and figured i know what ill do is set up a lobby and try and ban things i dont like plus i can stick my nose up a lot more arses to see what people eat. fukin busybodies thinking that they know what is right for everyone else….humans are all different we all have different tastes but the one thing we do have in common is the ability to decide what is right for ourselves….i think that the right to decide should be protected at all costs…what is more worrying however to me is that in the most powerfull country in the world most of you actually agreed with her and voted her husband in to a position where he could actually do the things she was talking about…..fucks sake think before you vote – by theone
|Heck, then I would give it an A! (1:33pm EST Mon Jan 06 2003)
For the same reason they give it an F, I would give it an A! Games are finally giving the sort of content movies have given for years, finally there are kids games and now there are adult games, as it SHOULD be. The ratings system is now firmly in place, assuming the ratings are being enforced as well (or better) than they are on movies, all is good. Let's see the entire range of maturity level titles, rate them accordingly, and let the masses buy what is good and interesting to them. – by KCD
|Re: CommonCents (3:15pm EST Tue Jan 07 2003)
You're missing an important point by saying society has no responsibilites….”Responsibility,
as always, ultimately lies with parenting, not society.” Then it becomes a battle between parents and the world. This is not how it should be, society should have many responsibilities because we make up society.
On a finer granularity I find it very strange that so called “Christian” groups have a hang-up about even partial nudity in a game or web site but yet are life members of the NRA, would think nothing about watching a movie or TV show with mindless gratuitous violence, and believe that everyone should be armed however they feel fit.
What's the real immoral scenario. – by voter
|theone (3:20pm EST Tue Jan 07 2003)
'arse'? Where do you come up with these terms? Isn't that a brit term?
“Great” Britain….hah! – by Drool Britania
|encouragingm-ratedvideogames (1:01pm EST Mon Mar 03 2003)
if u fukers dont like m-rated games suk my dik!~!! – by -punkdude
|hell!give it A+!!! (1:05pm EST Mon Mar 03 2003)
i believe that kids can have fun its not like their gonna do drugs and kill people – by -meeeeeeee
|-give the thing an a+ damnit!! (1:16pm EST Wed Mar 05 2003)
i think exposing these things to kids is good and its just harmles fun damnit!! – by -the jackass
|the gaming industry (10:20pm EST Tue May 06 2003)
can do what they want with thier games. If a kid is stupid enough to believe something like this is real then they deserve any consequences they get even death. The gaming industry believes that they are'nt so damn stupid. if people are going to do stupid things and think games are real then maybe we should change the rating system.
sm = for smart people
m = sound achievement people
d = dumb people
S = extremely stupid people
if parents educated thier kids so they know what is right and what is wrong. then they're shouldn't be any problems telling the kids “it is wrong to do this in real life but this is a game so you can do it if you want” weather it be sex, violence or driving like a maniac. – by superior
|ESRB (1:32am EST Sat May 17 2003)
the ESRB IS
E: Extremely anti-fun people
|games are good for you (2:37pm EST Tue Oct 14 2003)
video games are needed in todays society with out games i would have gotten in a lot more fights they violence keeps me calm most the time
like when i get pissed i go for gta vice city because i can reales my anger. – by kesher
|Rating boards are good… (11:24am EST Tue Dec 09 2003)
so long as the parents are aware and actually look at them. Case in Point, many parents — Idiotically — took their young children to see
South Park:The Movie even when it was rated R. Then they were horrified that it had all this sexual content for a cartoon. That's why it was rated R. Wake up Parents. Perhaps the ESRB needs to publicize more the ratings, but don't blame the industry. Parents need to observe the games their kids are playing. The industry is driven by the general public. If it doesn't sell, they lose money, they lay off jobs and more unemployment. As Far as killing hookers, though I've not played the game I'm sure the player kills Pimps as well as other bad people. Not that killing randomly is good, but it's also a story line. not a random 1st person shooter – because there are lots of them out there. – by larry
|Censorship (12:08pm EST Thu May 06 2004)
The government can not tell me what i can and cant play in a video game, it shouyld be totally up to the parents to decide what to allow there children to view. I myself am a gamer but i dont feel the need to go out and slaughter a group of people because i cant beat a level of soul Caliber two. I am hoping that people would be able to make a line between reality and fantasy, but in some cases that isnt so. The government, which does not know the people they are preventing from playing video games, should not have that power, instead, the parents that are personally aware of the childs mental state. – by Brad, pissedoff!!
|C-Span interview (12:44pm EST Wed Nov 24 2004)
I found it quite interesting that during the media conference broadcast on C-Span yesterday the actual videogame footage of “Guy Game” and “Leisuresuit Larry” was shown. That means that at 7 pm (primetime) real breasts and sex acts were shown for every channel surfing kid to see (I hope they did, I tried to tape it… hehe). I certainly do believe in free unedited braodcast of current events, but I simply found it very amusing and ironic that the footage was shown on live TV!!! – by Mr. Irony
|rating system (8:34pm EST Wed Dec 01 2004)
now look the rating system its good,but for the most part the earlier you expose kids to this the better. i was exposed to sex and voilence at a very young age and hell look at my grades,mainly a's and b's and in two motherf*cking honors. im am a pacifist to so you can suck my balls if you think im a lier – by not such a f*cked up
|It's something you just… (12:40pm EST Tue May 24 2005)
…have to get use to. If the parents arn't going to go do anything about it, it's up to the gamer to do what's right. Sure, we could end up with a school shooting cause another asswipe took Doom 3 a little too seriously. But guess what? School shootings happen just about every month if not every week. If not in the states, then it's happening somewhere else. It's really all just a question of if the person is mature enough to understand “Hey, this is just a game. I don't have the cash to get a rocket launcher and blow a person to peices.”
The same follows with the sex in video games. I'm not going to go out and get a hooker just cause I saw it done in GTA. Those things might have hepatitise or something… – by Darius Stomu
|damm… (7:24pm EST Sun Mar 12 2006)
all you kids who think violent games and the like are fine and dandy, wake up. you need a reality check here. kids are our future. they are under our influence and are extremely succeptible to anything they see in the media. grow up, be mature, and think a little. itll do your brain some good. – by lynners
|Violence against whom? (12:41pm EST Tue May 09 2006)
Violence against women? There is some.
Violence against men there is A LOT.
Yet only “violence against women” is sited.
| 189,785
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Perhaps I’m getting ahead of myself by writing a presumptuous summation
of the turmoil roiling the streets of suburban St. Louis. After all,
it’s been less than a fortnight since the fateful moment when a
Ferguson, Missouri, police officer shot and killed unarmed 18-year-old
Michael Brown. How can I be certain this event and its immediate
aftermath will yield historical significance? - Sam Fullwood III, Center for American Progress
Jackie Robinson broke color barriers as the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB). He started with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and was an integral part of the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship. So, why do so few MLB players today look like him?
Walter Dean Myers was as prolific as he was passionate about children’s
literature, and few writers devoted as much time and skillful
contribution to the discipline. Many of his books were based on young people coming of age in Harlem and
the short stories he wrote and published in “145th Street” captured
both the rhythm and lifestyle that resonated so authentically in his
depictions. Myers, 76, made his transition on Tuesday, July 1.
Who could forget the charismatic Ruby Dee? She was an actress, civil rights activist, mother and grandmother, and wife of the late actor Ossie Davis. Last week, Dee passed away at the age of 91. In 2012, we spoke to her grandson, Muta 'Ali, about the documentary he was making about Dee's life. That documentary has finally come to fruition.
| 141,481
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As Cal Poly welcomed prospective students and their families over the weekend to the university’s annual Open House, hundreds of students boycotted the event, marched and protested on and off campus, creating an uneasy situation for administrators, particularly President Jeffrey Armstrong.
Protesters chanted numerous slogans, including “I am not Cal Poly proud” and “Hey, hey, ho, ho. Armstrong has got to go,” while the university president spoke with prospective students. The various protests stemmed from the fraternity blackface incident that occurred the previous weekend, which angry students say Armstrong and other administrators have not properly addressed.
On Saturday, numerous Cal Poly clubs set up booths, as they traditionally do for Open House. However, they left the booths unmanned with statements expressing support “Black, Latino and indigenous peers.”
The clubs condemned Cal Poly administrators “for doing nothing about” the blackface incident and gangster impersonation that occurred during a Lambda Chi Alpha brotherhood event a week prior.
Student protesters also handed out material to families of prospective students warning them of rampant racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination on campus. Protesters allege Cal Poly administrators are protecting a serial rapist on campus, in addition to racist fraternity members.
Following the blackface incident, the Cal Poly Lambda Chi Alpha chapter was suspended and its leadership resigned. University administrators are continuing to investigate the fraternity, but Armstrong said at a public forum addressing the issue that the student who was photographed in blackface would most likely not be expelled because of his free speech rights.
Kyler Watkins, the student who painted his face black, said he was unaware of the history of blackface, and that he painted his face black because he was on the black team. He has apologized to anyone he made uncomfortable.
Nonetheless, protesters continued on Saturday to call for the Watkins’s expulsion. They also continued to express anger at the fraternity.
“Lambda Chi needs to die,” protesters chanted on Saturday.
| 221,274
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The 80s was the time of 80’s fashion styles of huge hair, brick-sized cell phones, and among the greatest music ever. Even in case you can recollect among the 80s fashion tendencies, you should still choose to think about doing a trifle little bit of research before deciding in your 80s fashion wardrobe in your get together. Some folks wore ‘ airbrushing ‘ artwork on almost all clothing gadgets through the 80s decade.
As a baby I’m glad to have owned pairs of: LA Gears, Crayons, Jellies, Click on Clacks, Pumas, Ok-Swiss, Reebok, Lotto’s, and different identify brand sneakers. In addition to conventional web sites that may give you free info on-line, you may also have the ability to find older versions or scans of old 80s fashion magazines online.
Watching 80s television shows will doubtless not only deliver back reminiscences of your childhood or your younger grownup days, but it may also help you familiarize yourself with 80s fashion developments; developments that you could be wish to incorporate into your subsequent 80s social gathering getup.
Micheal Jackson is legend star for all around the globe and their fans are apply his fashion and that is why eighty′s fashion is so famous in individuals. While that is alright, a bit little bit of 80s fashion research and you might be the person who stands out in the crowd.
That time fashion is again now after some modifications and now we noticed many people in 80s fashion style. Many of the 80s traits got here from watching tv shows, commercials, and music videos. When it concerns 80s fashions, there are numerous individuals who seem to recall the same factor.
| 123,395
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Some of the Silicon Valley's most important companies, including
Intel, Google, and Yahoo, were cofounded by immigrants. Yet America's creaky
immigration system makes it difficult for talented young people
born outside of the United States to move to the Bay Area. There
have been various proposals to make it easier for immigrant entrepreneurs to
relocate to the United States, but they've made no progress in
So a new company called Blueseed is seeking to bypass
the political process and solve the problem directly. Blueseed
plans to buy a ship and turn it into a floating incubator anchored
in international waters off the coast of California.
Ars Technica talked to
Blueseed founder Max Marty. He acknowledged that it would be better
for America to reform immigration laws and thereby make his company
unnecessary. But in the meantime, Marty and his team are hard at
work tackling the practical obstacles to making their vision of a
floating, year-round hack-a-thon a reality. Within the next year,
they're hoping to raise a venture capital round large enough to
lease or buy a ship with space for around a thousand passengers. If
Blueseed's audacious hack of the immigration system is successful,
it will not only open up Silicon Valley to a broader range of
entrepreneurs, it will also shine a spotlight on the barriers
American law places in the way of immigrants seeking to start
businesses in the United States.
For everything else there's the B-1 visa
Blueseed is trying to overcome the limitations of American
immigration law, but its business model also depends crucially on
the goodwill of American immigration officials. That's because a
key part of the Blueseed sales pitch is that residents will be able
to make regular trips to the mainland.
Immigration law makes it difficult for many would-be immigrants
to get permission to work in the United States. For example,
there's an annual cap on the number of H1-B visas
available for American employers to hire skilled immigrant workers.
However, permission to travel to the United States for business or
tourism is much easier to get.
Marty pointed to the B-1 business visa as a key part of his
company's strategy. With a B-1 visa, visitors can freely travel to
the United States for meetings, conferences, and even training
seminars. B-1 visas are relatively easy to get, and can be valid
for as long as 10 years.
Blueseed plans to provide regular ferry service between the ship
to the United States. While Blueseed residents would need to do
their actual work -- such as writing code -- on the ship, Marty
envisions them making regular trips to Silicon Valley to meet with
clients, investors, and business partners.
With the ship only 12 miles offshore, it should be practical to
make a day trip to the mainland and return in the evening. A B-1
visa also permits overnight stays.
| 3,347
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An abstraction is an idea, concept, or word which defines the phenomena which make up the concrete events or things which the abstraction refers to, the referents. Abstractions are sometimes used that have ambiguous referents, for example, "happiness" used as an abstraction, can refer to as many things as there are people and events or states of being which make them happy.
A further example, suppose one attempts to define the term architecture and what it refers to: architecture is more than simply designing safe functional buildings; it involves also an element of creation which aims at elegant solutions to problems of construction and use of space. At its best, it evokes an emotional response in the builders, owners, viewers and users of the building
In philosophical terminology abstraction is the thought process wherein ideas are distanced from objects.
Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus speaking of things in the abstract demands that the listener have an intuitive or common experience with the speaker, if the speaker expects to be understood.
And we find the relation sitting-on everywhere: many things sit on other things. The property of redness and the relation sitting-on are therefore abstract.
Something is often considered abstract if it does not exist at any particular place and time; instead instances, or members, of it might exist in many different places and/or times.
If however we just say that what is abstract is what can be instantiated, and that abstraction is simply the movement in the opposite direction to instantiation, we haven't explained everything. That would make 'cat' and 'telephone' abstract ideas; but note that even small children can recognise an instance of a cat or a telephone, despite their varying appearances in particular cases. You could say that these concepts are abstractions but are not found to be as abstract as in the sense of the objects.
We might look at graphs, in a progression from cat to mammal to animal, and see that animal is more abstract than mammal; but on the other hand mammal is a harder idea to express, certainly in relation to marsupial.
Things are often said to be concrete, that is, not abstract, when they have physical existence or when they occupy space.
In general, a concept is considered concrete if it is not abstract: it must be both particular and an individual, and hence occupy both space and time. To say that a physical object is concrete is to say, approximately, that it is a particular individual that is located at a particular place and time.
Abstract things are sometimes defined as those things that do not exist in reality or exist only as sensory experience, like red. The problem begins to arise here when we try to decide which things are, in fact, real. Is God real, or abstract? Even if real, could God also be abstract? Is the number 3 real? Is goodness real, or only its effects, or is it just an abstract idea created by humans?.
One approach to these questions is to consider the use of predicates, as a general term for whether things are variously real, abstract, concrete, good, etc. In this sense, the questions are then propositions about predicates, which remain to be evaluated by the investigator. The different levels of abstraction might be denoted by a progression of arrows joining boxes or ellipses in multiple rows, where the arrows point from one row to another.
Abstraction used in philosophy
Abstraction in philosophy is the (oft-alleged) process, in concept-formation, of recognizing among a number of individuals some common feature, and on that basis forming the concept of that feature. The notion of abstraction is important to understanding some philosophical controversies surrounding empiricism and the problem of universals.
If we say that properties of abstract concepts / relations are, or have being, clearly we mean they have a different sort of being from that which physical objects, like rocks and trees, have. That accounts for the usefulness of the word abstract. We apply it to properties and relations to mark the fact that if they exist, they do not exist in space or time, but that instances of them can exist in many different places.
On the other hand the apple and an individual human being are said to be concrete, and particulars, and individuals.
Confusingly, philosophers sometimes refer to tropes, or property-instances (e.g., the particular redness of this particular apple), as abstract particulars.
Reification, also called hypostatization, might be considered a logical fallacy whenever an abstract concept, such as "society" or "technology" might be treated as if it were a concrete thing which can be photographed in a picture rather than sketched in a graph. It is important to note that reification necessarily occurs linguistically in the English language and many other languages wherein abstract objects are referred to using the same sorts of nouns that signify concrete objects. This can further confuse us about which things are abstract and which are concrete, as our loose use of language would tend to influence us toward examples of reification:
* England expects that every man will do his duty -- Horatio Nelson
An abstraction can be seen as a process of mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data based on similarities in the constituent data, for example many different physical cats map to the abstraction "CAT". This conceptual scheme emphasizes the inherent equality of both constituent and abstract data, thus avoiding problems arising from the distinction between "abstract" and "concrete". In this sense the process of abstraction entails the identification of similarities between objects and the process of associating these objects with an abstraction (which is itself an object).
Chains of abstractions can therefore be constructed moving from neural impulses arising from sensory perception to basic abstractions such as color or shape to experiential abstractions such as a specific cat to semantic abstractions such as the "idea" of a CAT to classes of objects such as "mammals" and even categories such as "object" as opposed to "action".
This conceptual scheme entails no specific heirarchical taxonomy (such as the one mentioned involving cats and mammals), only a progressive compression of detail.
The neurology of abstraction
Some research into the human brain suggests that the left and right hemispheres differ in their handling of abstraction. One side handles collections of examples (eg: examples of a tree) whereas the other handles the concept itself.
Abstraction in Art
Most typically abstraction is used in the arts as a synonym of Abstract art in general. It can, however, refer to any object or image which has been distilled from the real world, or indeed another work.
The information above is not intended
for and should not be used as a substitute for the diagnosis and/or treatment
by a licensed, qualified, health-care professional. This article is licensed
under the GNU Free Documentation
License. It incorporates material originating from the Wikipedia article
Copyright © 2012 Anxiety Zone - Anxiety Disorders Forum. All Rights Reserved.
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Increasing the light absorption in the weakly absorbing near-bandgap region is of great significance for improving efficiency in a thin-film silicon solar cell. In this study, light absorption enhancement near the infrared domain was realized by coating Ag nanoshells on the front side of amorphous silicon film. Detailed investigations prove that the enhancement can be related to the excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs). LSP scattering-induced light coupling in the guided mode, intense in-phase interference between the scattering field and the transmitted field, and the Floquet mode were observed in the simulated E-field profile, and the significant absorption enhancement was accounted for by these effects.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
Optics at Surfaces
Original Manuscript: June 21, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 24, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: December 2, 2012
Published: January 22, 2013
Peihong Cheng, Hongxia Zhao, Jilong Bao, Ligang Wu, Dongsheng Li, and Deren Yang, "Light absorption enhancement of amorphous silicon film coupled with metal nanoshells," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 405-409 (2013)
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Cognitio will issue you an industry-recognized course achievement certification with lifelong legality after you complete any of the Software Development courses. In the form of assessments given by the instructor, students will be able to demonstrate the theories learned in class, enabling them to develop the required skills and experience. Only after a thorough review process, students will receive the certification of course completion.
IT Specialist Certification
FULL STACK PYTHON DEVELOPER
WHY FULL STACK PYTHON DEVELOPER?
Python is a widely high-level programming language. The Python programming language has many advantages for web development, including a short development time. Python is widely used in data science and machine learning, so as a full-stack developer, you may add these to your back-end skillset. Full-stack and back-end Python engineers are in high demand, hence giving you extensive employment prospects.
The Full Stack Python Developer course will get you industry-ready with its application-based approach and insightful lectures.
In the search for multi-talented developers that can keep up with the market's pace and do many duties in the web development sector, big organizations are offering significant wages. Full-stack developers have less competition and a higher pay scale than other developers. Their ability to deal with a variety of frameworks and technologies makes them more valuable in the workplace. Java gives you the freedom you need to keep your project secure, especially if you're working on an enterprise-level project. It is a simple to learn, widely spoken, and widely utilized language. Java is a great starting point for other programming languages. It is also one of the most highly compensated languages.
Even if becoming a back-end or full-stack developer is your ultimate objective, experienced developers may advise that you learn front-end development first. You can uncover ways to make applications function more smoothly behind the scenes by knowing how websites' front ends are developed. Some of the top-tier organizations, such as Amazon, Deloitte, HCL, and others, have expressed interest in it. Furthermore, the average annual income for a front-end developer is extremely good. Overall, an in-demand career with a decent salary and new learning opportunities every day.
Java is a programming language that was first introduced in 1995 and has since grown to become one of the most important digital languages of our time. Java continues to be a major role in the software development world, with over 3 billion devices using it. It's used in almost every business, including banking, information technology, and retail. As the world becomes more reliant on mobile apps and convenience, Java is becoming increasingly important as a programming language. It's one of the most powerful languages we've seen, with recruiters ranking it third in the last two years.
WordPress began as a blogging platform and has now expanded into a full website builder and content management system (CMS). The best thing about WordPress is that it's simple to use and versatile enough to create a variety of websites making it so popular. To distinguish yourself from the basic WP Developer, you need to understand and learn how to create plugins or themes around WP that would work efficiently - which is what we teach you in this course. With WordPress Development abilities, you can not only differentiate yourself in your field, but you can also increase your income by freelancing WordPress services since it is one of the most outsourced services.
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Meltdown and Spectre: What you need to know!
Here we are at the start of 2018 with a significant security issue that has a known resolution ready to go. Sound familiar? Well it probably should because we started 2017 pretty much the same way. As you might recall, the Shadow Brokers had disclosed the SMB exploits that later led to many global cyber security events.
The CPU vulnerabilities known as Meltdown (Intel only) and Spectre (Intel, AMD, and Arm) were discovered by several independent researchers using multiple proof-of-concept examples of the attack methods. They stole credentials in real time and did other interesting things like allowing a user mode process in a VM environment to gain access to other data being processed on the same physical hardware. For some light reading on the issues please see the following list.
- CERT Vulnerability Note VU#584653
- Intel Security Advisory (Intel-SA-00086)
- Microsoft Security Advisory (ADV180002)
There have been several days of headlines, write-ups, PoC posts, and more on what the issues are. I want to focus more on the actions everyone should be taking and share a few of the write-ups on that. All the advisories outlined above give the same basic guidance:
Read the entire article here, Meltdown and Spectre: What you need to know!
Via the fine folks at Ivanti.
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Election maintains positive uranium outlook
16 November 2007
The change of government in Australia from John Howard's Liberal Coalition to the Australian Labor Party led by Kevin Rudd is not expected to change, for the worse, the country's uranium mining and exploration policies or investment climate for uranium and may change them for the better.
Two states remain opposed to uranium mining - Queensland and Western Australia - and the Labor governments of these for maintain their stance despite the Labor Party dropping its federal anti-mining policy in April. Now in government, it will come under pressure to deliver on the promises effectively contained in its policy change, i.e. uranium mining in all States.
In fact, the prospects for that may actually be better under the new Rudd Labor government because having a federal Labor government will remove the partisan political conflict from the debate. Under pro-nuclear Howard, Labor-governed states positioned uranium mining as a prelude to nuclear power, or to taking back the wastes from overseas use of the uranium.
The two state bans temporarily makes inaccessible some 21% of the country's economically demonstrated resources of uranium, now some 953,000 tU.
Nuclear power after renewables
The advent of a Labor government will abort moves to introduce nuclear power in Australia, though no plans were pending. The outgoing Coalition government had pledged to make legislative changes to allow proposals for nuclear power generation to be brought forward by utilities. This will now not happen until the Labor party changes its declared views opposing nuclear power. A tentative proposal for an enrichment plant will also be stalled.
However, the incoming Labor government has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions dramatically and to increase the proportion of power generated from renewables. Australia has had a Mandated Renewable Energy Target of 9500 GWh per year.
MRET excludes large hydro (16 GWh per year) and is now within reach, thanks to consumer subsidy. Labor has pledged to increase MRET to 45,000 GWh by 2020, expecting renewables and hydro to meet some 20% of total demand by then.
At present some 80% of electricity is from burning black coal and lignite, making Australians the world's worst polluters from power generation. A Washington thinktank, the Centre for Global Development, quoted Australian annual power sector emissions as 11 tonnes of carbon dioxide per head, followed by the USA on 9 tonnes.
Hence a Rudd government will eventually have to face the nuclear power question seriously, as has recently been made clear by Ziggy Switowski, chair of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (Ansto), who went on to say "I think people will move from concern, to grudging acceptance to relief that we have this advanced and safe form of delivering energy." Labor's grappling seriously with the nuclear power option may not be in the first term but almost certainly in the second, since deep cuts in carbon emissions are not otherwise possible.
The populist pre-election pledges by both government and Labor to extend MRET are contrary to the recommendations of the government's Emissions Trading Taskforce which reported in mid year. The Business Council of Australia also pointed to the need for an effective economic instrument such as emissions trading, rather than more and ongoing subsidies. The Energy Supply Association said that a national emissions trading scheme was needed and the new targets did nothing to address the critical question of reducing emissions from baseload power, and would simply promote more wind capacity which would raise costs for consumers.
WNA's Australia's Uranium and Who Buys It information paper
This article is not categorised
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Doctor insights on:
Average Duration Of Common Cold
I get sick easily. I'm currently sick at the moment with the common cold, how long will it last with my d level being so low?
Common Cold: According to the mayo clinic, colds usually last one to two weeks. ...Read more
It runs it's course.: According to the mayo clinic, colds usually last one to two weeks. Tips: sore throat – gargle with warm salt water (1/2 tsp salt in 8 oz of water). Get strep test/culture if very sore. Congestion – saline nose drops or netti pot. For anti-inflammatory effect & mobilizing mucus- homemade chicken noodle soup. Hydrate- lots of water/clear broth/ add honey & a small amt. Of lemon juice to chamomile >. ...Read more
Yes: According to the mayo clinic, colds usually last one to two weeks. ...Read more
Less than 5-7 days: Most viral upper respiratory infection will resolve within 5-7 days. If symptoms persist beyond this length of time, or there is a worsening of symptoms after an initial improvement, it may have progressed into a bacterial infection. This is the usual pathway in the development of a sinus infection, as an example. ...Read more
Colds arn't cured: The average common cold last 10 days measures such as increasing fluids getting appropriate rest blowing your nose sucking on candy using a humidifier can help make you more comfortable. If the symptoms really interfere with eating sleeping normal activity saline washes or otc decongestant sprays/tabs/or syrups can provide short term relief. ...Read more
- Talk to a doctor live online for free
- Average length of common cold
- What type of pathogen causes the common cold?
- Can shaky hands be a symptom of a common sickness like the flu or colds?
- Ask a doctor a question free online
- Phases of the common cold
- What is the normal average duration of a bowel movement?
- Early signs of pregnancy common cold
- Is a common cold a symptom of pregnancy?
- Talk to a urgent care specialist online for free
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LOAN RATES AND FEES
BELOW IS GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING ALL RATES AND FEES THAT WILL ASSIST YOU IN MAKING YOUR LOAN DECISION. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, OR WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE ASK. MAKE CERTAIN THE QUESTIONS THAT YOU ASK ARE ANSWERED. MAKE CERTAIN YOU UNDERSTAND THE TERMS AND COSTS OF YOUR LOAN.
ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE (APR)
The cost of your credit as a yearly rate. APR is a combination of the interest rate plus the fees charged on your loan. APR is higher than the interest rate because it includes both fees and interest as finance charges.
Your actual terms and the annual percentage rate (APR) will be determined at the time your application is submitted and will be based upon your application and credit information. Not all applicants will qualify for the lowest rate.
The calculation of APR is mandated pursuant to Federal Law (12 CFR Part 1026 – Truth in Lending Act (“TIL-APR”)). It is intended to provide a single value for a consumer to compare the cost of credit between one lender and another. Under New Mexico law, an additional type of annual percentage rate (“NM-APR”) must be disclosed, which may include additional charges that are not included in the TIL-APR. The NM-APR for a loan in an amount of more than $500 and up to $10,000 made pursuant to the Small Loan Act of 1955 or the Bank Installment Loan Act of 1959 cannot exceed thirty-six percent. The NM-APR for a loan in an amount of $500 or less made pursuant to the Small Loan Act of 1955 or the Bank Installment Loan Act of 1959 cannot exceed thirty-six percent plus a fee that shall not exceed five percent of the total principal of the loan and shall not be imposed on any borrower more than once per 12-month period.
A list of all fees that you may be charged.
|Type of fee
|Lesser of 5% of the delinquent amount or $10.00
TO REPORT A PROBLEM OR COMPLAINT WITH THIS LENDER, YOU MAY WRITE OR CALL:
Omni Financial of Nevada, Inc.
ATTN: Compliance Department – Chief Risk and Compliance Officer
Las Vegas, NV 8918
New Mexico Only: This lender is licensed and regulated by the New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department, Financial Institutions Division, P.O. Box 25101, 2550 Cerrillos Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504.
To report any unresolved problems or complaints, contact the division by telephone at (505) 476-4885 or visit the website www.rld.nm.gov/financial-institutions/
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Raff's vast musical legacy continues to be unfolded and this disc
is the latest revelation. Its unifying element is the specification
of violin solo with orchestra.
We start with La
fée d'amour. It's a three movement piece with the delicacy
of Berlioz, the dash of Lalo and the romantic fluency of Saint-Saëns’
concert-pieces. Ringborg is kept constantly engaged sustaining
the fire-hose pressure of trhe composer’s romantic fleuve. The
work has the air of the much later Glazunov Violin Concerto
with ardour cooling for the Bruch-style central episode. It
is stepped up again in a flutter of Massenet and Tchaikovsky
in the final silvery-iridescent Vivace.
The Suite for
violin and orchestra is in five baroque-titled movements. The
titles may be baroque but there is little of the neo-baroque
in this. Raff's spectacles are firmly romantic era although
he does peer over them for the Minuetto and the Aria
both of which have a slightly stronger flavour of
the baroque era. The final moto perpetuo looks towards
Leipzig and Mendelssohn’s violin concerto and octet, to Lange-Muller
and further forward to Sibelius's Humoresques.
Raff wrote sixteen
works for solo violin between 1853 and 1882. Of these four were
full concertos written variously for Sarasate, David, Vieuxtemps
and Joachim. The singing of the 1870 First Concerto op.
161 is irresistibly bound up with the concertos by Bruch and
Tchaikovsky. The pressure on the soloist rarely lets up. Ringborg
with his saturated fleshy tone squares up to the challenge and
does so with affirmative success. It is interesting to note
one or two pre-echoes of the Elgar concerto as well. Only the
allegro trionfale strikes a false note in its triumphant
For years the First
Concerto was known only in the version by August Wilhelmj. The
present recording uses Raff's only original edition rescued
by chance by the Sibley Library at the Eastman School of Music.
All three of these
rare works are luminously recorded and performed and as usual
they are spectacularly well documented. Don't hesitate if your
taste is for the romantic violin concerto in the heritage of Bruch,
Mendelssohn and Tchaikovsky.
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Wien Vienna .com
Find the best hotel deals
FREE cancellation on most rooms
Viennese metro is usually referred to as U-Bahn, an abbreviated form of Untergrundbahn (underground railway in German). U-Bahn is the fastest kind of getting around in Vienna in most cases, at least when you try to get from and/or to places close to an operating U-Bahn station. The U-Bahn network is relatively dense, especially in the centre of Vienna.
The U-Bahn network is the key part of Vienna public transport system and is well interconnected with the S-Bahn (city trains), tram and bus networks in many places. All these kinds of transport share a single fare system and one ticket can be used for all of them. However, beware of the exceptions: the tickets are not valid for the airport services of City Airport Train (CAT) and Vienna Airport Lines (bus) operated by different companies. See more information about Vienna public transport fares, tickets, and where to buy them.
Thanks to its relatively dense network and station names which usually reflect important streets, squares, or major buildings, U-Bahn provides a great help in case that you get lost. The entrance points to each station are marked with the U-Bahn logo, white capital letter U on dark blue background. If you see this sign, it is easy to find out where you are after figuring out the station’s name and looking at the U-Bahn network plan.
Viennese metro lines don’t have names and are marked with the letter U and numbers. There are five lines in operation in Vienna: U1, U2, U3, U4, and (surprise) U6. U5 is missing. In the past there were various suggestions of possible route of U5, but none of them won enough support and U5 is not even close to start of construction.
Besides the number, each line has its own unique colour that is used in the stations, trains, and maps.
Top of this page
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Noyes, Arthur A. and Beckman, Arnold O. (1927) A Periodic Table of the Structure of Atoms and Its Relation to Ion Formation and Valence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 13 (11). pp. 737-743. ISSN 0027-8424. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NOYpnas27
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Use this Persistent URL to link to this item: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NOYpnas27
For the purpose of studying the interpretations which the recently acquired knowledge of the structure of atoms might afford as to tendencies of elements to form ions and to exist in definite valence states, the authors compiled from spectroscopic publications of the last three years the values of the energies attending the removal of the various electrons from the outer shells of the atoms and ions of the first twenty-six elements (higher elements not being included, since the spectral data have as yet been too incompletely interpreted). And a chart was prepared showing the number, the quantum states, and the energies of removal of these electrons. The data upon which the chart is based and the detailed discussion of it in relation to the chemical properties mentioned are to be published in full in the Journal of the American Chemical Society; but the interest which the matter might have for scientists in other fields has led to the presentation in these PROCIEDINGS of the chart and a summary of the conclusions reached as to ion formation and valence.
|Additional Information:||Copyright © 1927 by the National Academy of Sciences|
|Usage Policy:||No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.|
|Deposited By:||Archive Administrator|
|Deposited On:||18 Dec 2005|
|Last Modified:||26 Dec 2012 08:42|
Repository Staff Only: item control page
| 81,538
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Gitishree Das, M.P.Prasad (2010). Isolation, purification and mass production of protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. International Research Journals of microbiology 1(2) : 026-031
R.Ch.Paramanik, B.K. Chikkaswamy, S.M. Gopinath, M.P. Prasad, V. Sivaram and H. L Ramesh.(2007). Investigation of microbial ecology of alimentary canal in arthropods. J.Curr.Sci.10 (2) : 845-850.
R.Ch.Paramanik, B.K. Chikkaswamy, M.P. Prasad ,S.M. Gopinath, , V. Sivaram and H. L Ramesh.(2007).Studies on the effect of Artemisia annua chemicals in plants.
J.Curr.Sci.10 (2) : 817-826.
Prasad, M.P and Manjunath, K.(2009). Studies on lipase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from oil mill effluent. Journal of Advanced Biotechnology.9:44-46
Prasad. M.P., Tamilarasan, M., Subha, K.S (2009). Optimization of growth regulators for mass production of Gerbera jamesonii. The Journal of Cytology and Genetics.10 (2) : 39
Prasad, M.P, Rekha Sethi, Tamilarasan, M., and Subha, K.S. (2009). Production of Bioethanol using various agricultural raw materials by two step enzymatic process. Journal of Advanced Biotechnology. 9 (05): 41-43
Comparative analysis on the biodegradation of lipids from industrial effluents from different bacteria isolated from various industries. Journal of Biotechnology.
Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity in Cyperus rotundus and Azadirachta indica against Human Pathogens. Subha, K.S, Tamilarasan, M., Sundar, S and Prasad. M. P.
Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity in Alternanthera sp, Coleus sp and Cymbopogon sp against human pathogens. Tamilarasan, M., Subha, K.S, Sasikumar, K and Prasad, M.P.
BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS
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'In 1966, English football changed forever. Alf Ramsey led his wingless wonders to the World Cup and Allen Wade sat down to start writing the FA Guide to Training and Coaching, a book that, published the following year, became a Bible to a generations of coaches.
Wade's thinking chimed with that of Ramsey, whose success legitimised an approach that might otherwise have been thought of as overly negative. His name may barely be known today outside professional coaching circles, but Wade was arguably the most influential post-war English football theorist. His book and his courses informed the thinking of the likes of Bobby Houghton, Dave Sexton, Don Howe and Roy Hodgson.
The team, Wade realised, is a system: the actions of one player have a knock-on effect on everybody else. That revelation had profound implications for the zonal-marking system developed in Brazil a decade earlier. In Kyiv, Viktor Maslov was coming to a similar understanding, as was Rinus Michels in Amsterdam. They used their knowledge to formulate quite different styles of football, but this was beginning of European football's great schism: roughly speaking, to the north, zonal-marking and system; to the south, man-marking, a libero and individuality.
Wade knew what he was suggesting wasn't popular, which perhaps explains the passing reference to Schopenhauer in the introduction to the FA Guide. "There are, reputedly, two stages through which worthwhile ideas must pass before they are accepted," he wrote. "In the first stage they are ignored, in the second, ridiculed. Coaching has passed through these stages and is now accepted as a necessary process."
For a long time, players had disdained coaching altogether. Walter Winterbottom, the first England manager, had fought a constant battle to bring tactics and shape-work into match preparation. "You're going to tell Stan Matthews how to play outside-right?" sneered the centre-forward Tommy Lawton on one occasion. "And me how to score goals?" One of the most famous Len Shackleton quips has him, after Winterbottom has explained how he could interchange with Lawton, asking what side of the net he wants him to score in.
Wade was aware that his understanding about the inner workings of the game was too abstract for most players and so he set about devising a series of drills to explain them, playing his ideas into match situations. His FA Guide is a masterpiece of taking a philosophy and generating from it a practical teaching method. He favoured zonal defence and spoke of the importance of diagonal balls and overlapping runs from deep. He prioritised possession (the key difference from Charles Hughes, whose 1981 book The Winning Formula supplanted Wade's as the main English coaching manual) while acknowledging there are times when it is better to sit back, defend, and soak up pressure.
Revolution in Sweden
Houghton, who had been a player with Fulham and Brighton, came through Wade's coaching course with top marks. He became player-manager of Maidstone in 1971 and appointed as player-coach a former school-mate who had also shown promise on his own coaching courses: Roy Hodgson.
He moved to Sweden with Malmo in 1974 and two years later installed Hodgson at Halmstad. There they set about imposing Wade's methods, to the consternation of the Swedish FA which, after failing to make it through the first group stage of the 1970 World Cup, had instituted a technical director, Lars Arnesson, to work alongside the national manager, Georg Aby-Ericson. He envisaged unified playing style across Swedish football, and decided it should feature a German-style libero.
Houghton and Hodgson employed a zonal defence, pressed hard and maintained a high offside line. They counter-attacked, not in the way of the Dutch or Dynamo Kyiv, but with long passes played in behind the opposition defence. According to the Swedish academic Tomas Peterson, "they threaded together a number of principles, which could be used in a series of combinations and compositions, and moulded them into an organic totality — an indivisible project about how to play football. Every moment of the match was theorised, and placed as an object-lesson for training-teaching, and was looked at in a totality."
That, according to Arnesen, "stifles initiative, and turns players into robots", and, as critics dismissed the English style as "dehumanising", there arose a debate about the relative merits of beauty and success. Peterson compares it to listening to Charlie Parker after Glenn Miller or viewing Picasso after classical landscapes: "The change does not just lie in the aesthetic assimilation," he wrote. "The actual organisation of art and music happens on a more advanced level." Naivety is gone, and there is a second order of complexity. Football began to be played with a knowledge of its inner workings.
"What Bobby [Houghton, who was working at Malmo] and myself introduced to Sweden was not so much 'English football', the long-ball game and so on, than a different style of defending," Hodgson told The Blizzard. "Instead of playing with a team that was very spread out from one end of the field to the other, with a libero who stays in his penalty area and a centre-forward who never tracks back, we set up a system of zonal defence, a back four, people pushing up and, of course, getting the ball forward into the final area much more quickly.
"Interestingly, in my first year at Halmstad, we not only won the league, but scored 57 goals in 26 games. I don't think this has been achieved since. And the Swedes didn't like the idea that their game was dominated by two English guys. Bobby had won it in 1974 and 1975, I won it in 1976, he won it in 1977, I won it in 1979. It was obviously not with a 'Swedish style' and it's only when [Sven-Goran] Eriksson appeared in the 1980s with Gothenburg that, all of a sudden, it was possible to talk of a 'Swedish style'. In actual fact, I don't know what Eriksson did to 'Swedify' the game, except copying everything we'd done."
Eriksson was an anglophile and studied briefly under Bobby Robson at Ipswich before taking the Gothenburg job. After two second-placed finishes, he won the league, cup and Uefa Cup in 1982, settling the debate for the three decades that followed. He too, in those days at least, was obsessed by shape. "Svennis would place us like chess pieces on the training pitch," the midfielder Glenn Schiller said.
"'You stand here, you go there,' and so on … The biggest problem was fitting all the pieces together and getting them to move in harmony. The defensive part was the key to it all. When we were attacking there was a fair amount of freedom to express ourselves, but we had to defend from strict, zonal starting positions."
Shape, shape, shape
Hodgson has clearly evolved as his career has taken him through Scandinavia, Italy and Switzerland, but the basic principles remain the same. "If you're going to play for him you've got to put a shift in and perform, work to a system and be tight defensively," the Fulham midfielder Simon Davies said after his side had beaten a technically more accomplished Shakhtar Donetsk in the Uefa Cup. "What you get after that is a bonus. We work on it every day. Every day in training is geared towards team shape."
That can, Davies admitted, be dull, and the suspicion is that one of the reasons Hodgson's time at Liverpool was so disappointing is that bigger names were reluctant to knuckle down to repetitive work. Davies admitted it took a little while for Fulham's players to be converted, before the results convinced them. Significantly, Hodgson continues to follow the Wade principle of practical game situations. "He gets the 11 that he wants on a Saturday and he drills everything in that he wants," Davies said. "We've got the ball — it's never unopposed. It's certain drills defensive, certain drills attacking, and we work very hard at it. There's no diagrams, it's just all on the pitch."
There is something hypnotic about watching a Hodgson side at its best, as for instance, in West Bromwich's victory over Chelsea last year. When out of possession, the back four stays perfectly in line, moving forward and back as though one unit, the midfield four (or five) rippling according to where the ball was, one advancing, the other three (or four) forming the blanket of cover behind, maintaining a gap of no more than 15 yards, often less, to the defensive line.
That's the strength the 4‑4‑2 (or perhaps more accurately, 4‑4‑1‑1) still has. It feels basic, unsophisticated even, but it is tough and resilient. It's what English football always reaches for in time of crisis, a tactical chicken soup for players in need of something familiar and comforting. It won't produce thrilling or proactive football, but it's probably the best chance England have in the Euros.
The inquest as to why the crisis has developed can wait; after a century of decline, we can probably hold off another three weeks.
There were signs in Saturday's 1-0 win over Belgium that the Hodgson doctrine is being adopted. He notably singled out Steven Gerrard for praise afterwards. He had played well, and was as worthy of the man of the match award as anybody, but as Hodgson spoke of "concentration and determination" it was easy to imagine a specific message being relayed to a player who has so often in the past lacked tactical discipline.
For all their possession — 59% — Belgium only really came close when Guillaume Gillet clipped the outside of a post with a 25-yard half-volley; if England can restrict opponents to pot shots from their right-back during the Euros, they will have done an excellent job.
Belgium, it should be acknowledged, for all their technical excellence, struggled throughout qualifying to turn possession into chances. England restricted them, but Belgium have made a habit of restricting themselves. Other sides will provide England with a far stiffer examination, but they did a reasonable job of stifling Spain in Fabio Capello's second last game as manager.
It is legitimate to ask why England need to play a containing game but at least there seems to be a recognition that this is their best approach. For once a sense of realism reigns and, while it does, Hodgson's prosaic 4‑4‑2, simple, unfussy and solid, is its logical tactical manifestation.
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Few people realize that the Shakers or the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing is the longest lasting communal group in Ohio as well as the nation. Mother Ann Lee brought a small group of followers from Manchester, England, in 1774. The group is still represented by a small society at Sabbathday Lake, Maine. Because the Eastern communities survived into the twentieth century, they are better know than the societies established in the Midwest and Upper South, known in the early nineteenth century as the West..
The book, Maps of the Shaker West, started as a 12-page compilation of maps of Shaker sites in Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. It was a cut-and-paste job financed by the Western Shaker Study Group for the participants of the Berkshire Shaker Seminar coming "west" in the summer of 1993. The seminar, sponsored by the Berkshire Community College, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, visits a different Shaker site each summer and many of the participants live in the East.
The booklet was well received. A few extras sold at the Pleasant Hill (Kentucky) Shaker gift shop. It was enough encouragement for us consider doing a more professional job.
As the proprietor of the Shaker Map Company, we thought of Richard Spence of Cincinnati to create directional maps. As we thought about the site maps, we found a computer generated map of South Union near Bowling Green, Kentucky, which Dale Covington of Marietta, Georgia, had created. We asked him if he would be willing to help with a few site maps. Dale was eager to assist, bringing not only his mapmaking skills, but his critical eye for editing text and checking every quotation for accuracy.
We started out by approaching the subject chronologically. Three missionaries from the lead Eastern community at New Lebanon, New York, started west on New Years Day, 1805. They had heard reports of the Great Kentucky Revival and visited many of the churches effected by this religious outpouring. The Kentucky Revival sites which the Shakers visited provide the setting for the coming of the Shakers.
Union Village in Lebanon, Ohio, was the first village established by these missionaries in 1805 and became the lead community for the West. Eagle Creek and Straight Creek Shakers were gathered, too, the result of the same early missionary effort, but the scattered community lasted just six years. Watervliet near Dayton formed in 1806, followed quickly by the two societies in Kentucky: Pleasant Hill (1806) and South Union (1807), as well as a short-lived community in Indiana: Busro or West Union (1809).
It was missionary work in the 1820s by the Shakers at Union Village which produced an affiliation with a group in the Darby Plains area near Marysville and later Urbana. Union Village also worked with the White Water Shakers during the same period and eventually combined these two groups. North Union, now Shaker Heights, was also established in the 1820s.
The final story in the book unfolded as we studied properties in four locations purchased or improved by various Shaker communities in the 1850s. Activities related to the Underground Railroad seemed to account for the Shakers' acquisition of these properties.
This framework of Shaker outreach in Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan provided the scope of the book
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Preparing for die Kirchliche Dogmatik
Ben Myers has written a terrific and enjoyable Ode to the Church Dogmatics on his blog to celebrate the occasions of Jim West’s me-directed generosity! As mentioned in the previous post, Ben's enthusiasm for Barth is contagious!
Those of you who have read the Church Dogmatics in the original German will know that Barth’s sentences can be a little tricky, long and twisted, and take some getting used to. As preparation I decided to read his Dogmatik im Grundriss with an English translation to hand to help me get used to his vocabulary and style. However, as useful as that was, the Kirchliche Dogmatik is an altogether different level of complexity. Not as difficult as Balthasar’s Herlichkeit, however. Gladly.
In a response to my last post I mentioned what books I have found useful in preparing for the arrival of the Kirchliche Dogmatik. Those from Ben’s list (cf. last post) that I’ve most enjoyed are:
- Karl Barth, by John Webster. This is the most enjoyable of the lot. Highly readable, sympathetic, suitable for absolute beginners, well structured and to the point. This is a volume I’ll be turning to again as I progress through the volumes. The Modern Theologians, ed. by Ford has a great chapter on Barth by Jenson. Apart from the fact that this is a book that ought to be in every theologians library’ (be careful you get the correct edition however), Jensons’ chapter on Barth is intelligent, inspiring and punchy.
- As I mentioned above, Dogmatik im Grundriss is a real treasure, and accompanied me in many a time of quite reflection, worship and prayer. In places, I was moved most deeply by the love of God.
- Also a lot of fun has been Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts. I have spent many an enjoyable hour with this one; highly readable. I’m glad that I found a cheap (German original) copy second hand shortly after Jim sent the KD.
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Having a beautifully vibrant but low maintenance summer garden sounds too good to be true, right? Not if you know which plants to use. It’s possible to have it all- a garden with beautiful, durable flowers that last nearly all summer and add color from the entire spectrum. Here are 5 plants you want in your garden this summer to help it last all season long.
5 Plants You Want In Your Garden This Summer
The coneflower is the ideal flower. They resemble daisies and come in a variety of colors, including yellow, white, pink and purple. Coneflowers are large (can grow up to 3 ft), sturdy, and relatively drought resistant, making them very easy to care for. As an added bonus, they have a lovely fragrance and are known for attracting birds and butterflies. They grow best in zones 3-9 and love lots of sun.
Dahlia come in many colors and sizes. Bush and bedding dahlias can range from 1-7 ft and come with many large, deep green leaves. Modern dahlias have strong stems and long lasting blooms that will stay sturdy throughout the summer. They can grow in zones 1-24, require full to partial sun, and only moderate watering.
Asters are sturdy, bright little flowers that can often be counted on when little else is blooming in your garden. They come in blue, white, or pink and have starry flower heads that resemble sunflowers. Because they are so colorful and fragrant they often attract birds, bees and butterflies. Asters are very easy to grow, and often bloom in late summer and fall, although there are some breeds that begin to flower in May and June.
Chrysanthemums are the second most popular flowers in the word, behind only the rose. Flowers come in a very large variety and can range from small to large, or be button shaped or daisy like. They also come in multiple colors like yellow, white, purple or red. Although chrysanthemums aren’t season specific, vivid colors, long flowering period, and love of the sun make them perfect for summer.
The word “Iris” means rainbow, so naturally the Iris come in many different colors, like blue, purple, white, yellow, pink, orange and even black. Irises can grow in all sorts of habitats, and are very hardy, making them one of the most loved garden plants.
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The Irish Setter is an active, aristocratic bird
dog, rich red in color, substantial yet elegant in build.
Standing over two feet tall at the shoulder, the dog has a
straight, fine, glossy coat, longer on ears, chest, tail and
back of legs. Afield he is a swift-moving hunter; at home, a
sweet natured, trainable companion.
At their best, the
lines of the Irish Setter so satisfy in overall balance that
artists have termed it the most beautiful of all dogs. The
correct specimen always exhibits balance, whether standing or
in motion. Each part of the dog flows and fits smoothly into
its neighboring parts without calling attention to itself.
There is no disqualification as to size. The
make and fit of all parts and their overall balance in the
animal are rated more important. 27 inches at the withers and
a show weight of about 70 pounds is considered ideal for the
dog; the bitch 25 inches, 60 pounds. Variance beyond an inch
up or down is to be discouraged.
Proportion - Measuring from the breast bone to
rear of thigh and from the top of the withers to the ground,
the Irish Setter is slightly longer than it is tall.
Substance - All legs sturdy with plenty of bone.
Structure in the male reflects masculinity without coarseness.
Bitches appear feminine without being slight of bone.
Long and lean, its length at least double the
width between the ears. Beauty of head is emphasized by
delicate chiseling along the muzzle, around and below the eyes
and along the cheeks.
Soft, yet alert. Eyes somewhat almond shaped, of
medium size, placed rather well apart, neither deep set nor
bulging. Color dark to medium brown. Ears set well back and
low, not above level of eye. Leather thin, hanging in a neat
fold close to the head, and nearly long enough to reach the
The skull is oval when viewed from above or
front; very slightly domed when viewed in profile. The brow is
raised, showing a distinct stop midway between the tip of the
nose and the well-defined occiput (rear point of skull). Thus
the nearly level line from occiput to brow is set a little
above, and parallel to, the straight and equal line from eye
Moderately deep, jaws of nearly equal length,
the underline of the jaw being almost parallel with the top
line of the muzzle. Nose black or chocolate; nostrils wide.
Upper lips fairly square but not pendulous. The teeth meet in
a scissors bite in which the upper incisors fit closely over
the lower, or they may meet evenly.
Neck moderately long, strong but not thick, and
slightly arched; free from throatiness and fitting smoothly
into the shoulders.
Topline of body from withers to tail should be
firm and incline slightly downward without sharp drop at the
croup. The tail is set on nearly level with the croup as a
natural extension of the topline, strong at root, tapering to
a fine point, nearly long enough to reach the hock. Carriage
straight or curving slightly upward, nearly level with the
back. Body sufficiently long to permit a straight and free
stride. Chest deep, reaching approximately to the elbows with
moderate forechest, extending beyond the point where the
shoulder joins the upper arm. Chest is of moderate width so
that it does not interfere with forward motion and extends
rearwards to well sprung ribs. Loins firm, muscular and of
Forequarters - Shoulder blades long, wide,
sloping well back, fairly close together at the withers. Upper
arm and shoulder blades are approximately the same length, and
are joined at sufficient angle to bring the elbows rearward
along the brisket in line with the top of the withers. The
elbows moving freely, incline neither in nor out. Forelegs
straight and sinewy, strong, nearly straight pasterns. Feet
rather small, very firm, toes arched and close.
Hindquarters - Hindquarters should be wide and
powerful with broad, well developed thighs. Hind legs should
be long and muscular from hip to hock; short and perpendicular
from hock to ground; well angulated at stifle and hock joints,
which like the elbows, incline neither in nor out. Feet as in
front. Angulation of the forequarters and hindquarters should
Short and fine on head and forelegs. On all
other parts of moderate length and flat. Feathering long and
silky on ears; on back of forelegs and thighs long and fine,
with a pleasing fringe of hair on belly and brisket extending
onto the chest. Fringe on tail moderately long and tapering.
All coat and feathering as straight and free as possible from
curl or wave. The Irish Setter is trimmed for the show ring to
emphasize the lean head and clean neck. The top third of the
ears and the throat nearly to the breastbone are trimmed.
Excess feathering is removed to show the natural outline of
the foot. All trimming is done to preserve the natural
appearance of the dog.
Mahogany or rich chestnut red with no black. A
small amount of white on chest, throat or toes, or a narrow
centered streak on skull not to be penalized.
At the trot the gait is big, very lively,
graceful and efficient. At an extended trot the head reaches
slightly forward, keeping the dog in balance. The forelegs
reach well ahead as if to pull in the ground without giving
the appearance of a hackney gait. The hindquarters drive
smoothly and with great power. Seen from the front or rear,
the forelegs, as well as the hind legs below the hock joint,
move perpendicularly to the ground, with some tendency towards
a single track as speed increases. Structural characteristics
which interfere with a straight true stride are to be
The Irish Setter has a rollicking personality.
Shyness, hostility or timidity are uncharacteristic of the
breed. An outgoing, stable temperament is the essence of the
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Most African grey parrots and other kind of birds naturally eat plants as part of their diet. They will chew on and possibly consume plants in the course of play and curiosity. These Species are left unsupervised out of their cages may easily encounter plants kept around the house and in the garden.
Therefore, owners should be aware of which plants/ fruits are safe for their birds. Few actual studies are available concerning plant toxicity and birds. Some plants will just make a bird sick while others can kill them.
The following list of indoor and outdoor plants/ fruits have been reported as having no adverse effects on animals. Remember that any plant eaten in excess may be harmful or, at minimum, cause gastrointestinal upset. If you are concerned about the safety of specific plants not listed here, then consult your local animal Poison Control Center or your veterinarian for more information.
Safe Vegetables (Please make sure vegetables are well washed)
Beans, cooked only
Corn (milky & soft)
Eggplant (fruit only)
Pumpkin (and seeds)
Radish Red Beet (fresh)
Make sure you wash all vegetable thoroughly. If they contain seeds, remove them before giving it to your grey bird. If any vegetable needs pealing, better peal it and then offer it to your bird.
Safe Fruit (Please make sure vegetables are well washed)
Make sure that all seeds are removed before letting your grey bird eat the fresh fruits. And make sure you wash all fruits and vegetable thoroughly. Apple seeds contain a very small amount of cyanide, and if consumed in large quantities can majorly harm you or your parrot, I would suggest better to peal the apple before giving it to the bird.
Stay safe and much love !
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When hundreds of early voters in Boulder filled out their ballots on electronic voting machines over the past week, the text of one ballot issue was under the title of another.
Because of the mistake, 312 voters deciding on the city's proposed utility tax ballot measure instead saw a repeat of the text for Boulder County's open space tax measure. Their "yes" and "no" votes were then recorded for the utility tax.
Election officials don't know how the error happened, and there is no way for the affected voters to recast their ballots.
Boulder County Clerk and Recorder Hillary Hall said a voter noticed the discrepancy and notified election workers around 10:30 a.m. Tuesday.
Electronic voting was immediately discontinued for the day, and a new ballot program was uploaded to new voting machines so that electronic voting could resume this morning, Hall said. The error only appeared on electronic voting machines, not paper ballots, and only with Boulder Issue 2B.
Hall said she plans to do a thorough investigation to find out how the mistake occurred and why it wasn't caught during the numerous checks and tests the department does prior to the start of voting.
The public should still have confidence in the election, she said.
"We resolved the issue quickly," Hall said. "Our election is a complex process, and I hope people recognize the care and transparency we bring to the process."
City officials said they appreciate how quickly the clerk's office responded to the mistake, and they hope the election isn't so close that they have to decide whether to challenge the results based on the error.
"I'm thrilled that we caught it when we did," said City Clerk Alisa Lewis. "The biggest hope is the measure has a big enough margin that it doesn't matter."
Of 8,580 city ballots cast so far in early voting, 312 were on the electronic machines, Hall said.
Boulder Issue 2B would impose a utility occupation tax on Xcel Energy that would generate $4.1 million a year through 2015. The tax would replace the franchise fee that the city will lose at the end of this year when a 20-year franchise agreement with Xcel expires. While the measure is not a new tax on Boulder residents, Xcel would likely pass the expense on to its customers in the city.
The City Council decided earlier this year not to ask voters to renew the franchise agreement, so that the city could have more flexibility to study alternatives for how and where it gets electricity.
The machines showed the correct title for Boulder Issue 2B, "Five Year Utility Occupation Tax to Replace Lost Franchise Fee Revenue," but the text was from County Issue 1B, which asks voters for a tax increase to support open space.
There is no legal or practical way for electronic voters to re-vote, Hall said, and their votes on Issue 2B, regardless of how they understood the question, will be counted.
Hall said she thinks most voters understood how they were voting.
"Most of the voters come pretty prepared, and they're looking for the title," she said.
Also, the county ballot issues appear first in electronic voting, and it's hard to vote out of order in electronic voting, she said.
Xcel Energy spokeswoman Michelle Aguayo said the company had no comment on the mistake because the ballot issue "has nothing to do with us."
City Attorney Tom Carr said the city will need to assess its legal options if the count is close.
"My guess is that we'd have to challenge it," Carr said. "Let's just pray it's not within 620 votes."
Camera Staff Writer Heath Urie contributed to this report.
Contact Camera Staff Writer Erica Meltzer at 303-473-1355 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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The synthesis of six thiadiazole nucleoside analogs is reported: 5-diacetylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (1), 5-amino-2- (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (2), 5-amino-3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one (3), 5-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-butyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (4), (R)-5-amino-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (5), and (S)-5-amino-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (6). all useful for dealing with viral attacks [9C23]. Several these highly effective antiviral substances are because of the cooperation between Dracinsky et al. and de Clercq and Holy [17C21] (Viread, Truvada, Atripla, Lamivudine, Vistide, Hepsera). Inside our laboratory, we’ve focused on the introduction of book antimetabolites for quite some time, including some substances using a thiadiazole band. Experimental proof signifies commonalities in physical and chemical substance properties between a CCH=CHC connection in aromatic hydrocarbons and bivalent sulfur, CSC, in sulfur heterocycles [24, 25]. For this reason, 5-amino-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one and 5-amino-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one can be considered as the analogs of cytosine. Based on this analogy, within the framework of our systematic studies, we have synthesized some novel acyclic or cyclic nucleoside analogs with a thiadiazole ring instead of a pyrimidine ring. 2. PH-797804 Results and Discussion In the present paper, we report the preparation of 5-diacetylamino-1,2,4-thioadiazol-3-one (1)?and?five thiadiazole-based?nucleoside?analogs:?5-diacetylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (1), 5-amino-2?(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (2), 5-amino-3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one?(5-amino-3-(4-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-butyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (4), (S)-5-amino-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (5), and?(R)-5-amino-3-(2,3?dihydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (6). 5 and 6 are stereoisomers (see Figure 1). Their racemic combination 7 was also prepared and tested. Physique 1 2.1. Preparation of 5-Diacetylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (1) and 5-amino-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (2) The synthesis of 5-diacetylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one PH-797804 (1) and 5-amino-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one?(2)?is usually shown in Plan 1. 5-Amino-2H- 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-one (10) was prepared first according to a known method, and then based on 10, 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives 1 and 2 were produced. The preparation of 10 was PH-797804 completed using modified techniques based on a strategy by Kurzer and Kurzer and Taylor . The starting materials were benzoyl potassium and chloride thiocyanate. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) reacted with benzoyl chloride with the acylation response. Benzoylisothiocyanate reacted = 1.0, CH3OH), and particular rotation from the (R)-5-amino-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thione (6) was [= 0.9, CH3OH). These total results proved that split enantiomers 5 and 6 have already been obtained. 2.5. Planning of Bis-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) Disulfide (19) by Dimerization Inside our attempts to handle a diazotization response, we discovered a fascinating dimerization response. The response was made to make use of sodium nitrite and an acidity to get ready nitrous acidity aureus (MRSA). Greater results had been obtained in testing for antimicrobial activity. Two substances, 3 and 19, had been energetic against and MRSA at 50?was >50?and MRSA. 4. Experimental The melting factors had been determined on the Fisher-Johns melting stage equipment (W.H. Curtin & Co.) or Mel-Temp (Electrothermal). 1H and 13C NMR spectra had been recorded using a Varian 400-MHz spectrometer. Infrared spectra had been measured on the 4020 GALAXY series FT-IR spectrometer (Mattson Equipment) (potassium bromide drive), or with an Avatar 320?FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet Equipment). UV spectra had been measured on the Cary 3 UV-visible spectrophotometer. Thin level chromatography (TLC) utilized silica gel 60 F-254 precoated plates, as well as the areas had been situated in the UV light or by iodine vapor. Low quality MS spectra had been recorded with an M-8000 Hitachi mass spectrometer with an L-7100 pump and ion snare mass analyzer. All low quality mass spectra had been attained in ESI positive setting. High res mass spectra had been determined by Mass Spectrometry Solutions at University or college of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Elemental analyses were performed by Desert Analytics, Tucson, AZ, USA. Specific rotation measurements were carried out at Perkin-Elmer model 141 polarimeter by Dr. David A. Lightner in the University or college of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA. All solvents used were reagent grade, except for dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, acetone, and methanol used in NMR spectroscopic measurements. (8) . Potassium thiocyanate was predried with anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) by stirring over night. Then, the white powder was filtered off and dried under vacuum within the rotary evaporator to remove THF. A solution was prepared by the addition of 48?g (0.49?mol) potassium thiocyanate in 600?mL toluene. To this answer, 60?mL (0.50?mol) benzoyl chloride was added dropwise with stirring. The perfect solution is became milky white after the addition of benzoyl chloride. The combination was refluxed for 4 hours under argon. The color changed from white to orange. Then, the perfect solution is was cooled to space heat, the white precipitate was filtered off, and the amber filtrate was refluxed with 24.0?g urea (0.40?mol) for 5 hours. Then the reaction combination was cooled to space temperature and placed in an ice bath for 2 hours to form the crystals. The perfect solution is was DGKH stirred periodically, and the walls from the flask had been scratched when the answer is at the ice shower. After crystallization, shiny yellowish crystals (33.39?g) were filtered faraway from the cool solution and dried. This is the crude item, mp 168C171C. Recrystallization from acetonitrile yielded 32.06?g of shiny yellow.
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Guest Worker Programs are No Fix for Our Broken Immigration System: Evidence from the Northern Mariana Islands
Albany Law School
October 18, 2010
New Mexico Law Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011
Albany Law School Research Paper No. 37
The creation of a large-scale unskilled guest worker program has been a prominent element of comprehensive immigration reform proposals in recent years. This year it was featured as one of the “four pillars” of a reform framework endorsed by the Obama Administration. The principal ills that are cited as justifying immigration reform include the deterioration of border security, the violence associated with human smuggling, and the widespread mistreatment of unauthorized immigrants. Many believe that a large-scale guest worker program will help to resolve these problems by providing a lawful channel to divert the flow of unauthorized workers. This article argues that such faith defies the evidence. Namely, a guest worker program will not quell the flow of unauthorized workers or secure the border, and will inevitably be accompanied by exploitation and abuse of guest workers, among other problems, even if it includes greater worker protections than existing programs.
This article reaches these conclusions by examining past and present federal unskilled guest worker programs, as well as the guest worker program run by the Northern Mariana Islands, a Commonwealth of the United States. The Northern Marianas’ guest worker program had in place many of the worker safeguards proposed by recent reform bills, and yet it, like all federal programs to date, contributed to widespread worker exploitation, depressed wages, predatory employment practices, a tremendous backlog of labor cases, and a high incidence of human trafficking. The Northern Marianas example illustrates that even a “worker friendly” guest worker program will not solve the ills associated with unauthorized immigration, but, rather, will serve to perpetuate them with the aid of state apparatus.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 62
Keywords: Guest Worker Program, ImmigrationAccepted Paper Series
Date posted: December 14, 2010 ; Last revised: November 28, 2011
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Teaching Kids Honesty
Honesty is a virtue and it can be taught to children. Teaching the value of honesty to children is part of the development of moral and emotional strength. The quality of honesty helps to develop character and solid self-esteem. Here is what parents need to know about teaching honesty.
Tips for Parents
Lessons about honesty are learned differentially, depending on the child’s age. If you start the teaching of honesty early on, you can continue to support this virtue, as your children get older.
Explain to your child what honesty means at his/her developmental level. Use words that they can understand at their ages.
Teaching Honesty By Example
Teaching honesty by example is very effective. “Do-as-I-do” is a better motto than the proverbial, “Do-as-I-say, not-as-I-do.” Be honest with children at a level that they can understand. When deciding what to tell a child about a given situation, take into account the child’s age and maturity, and to what extent it is in the child’s best interest to know whatever it is you are considering telling him. Talking about personal adult issues with a child does not necessarily teach honesty, but may raise anxiety levels instead.
Teaching by example means that you conduct your own personal and business affairs in an honest and ethical manner. By doing so you will be demonstrating the self-respect that accompanies ethical behavior.
A "No-Shaming" Policy
Use a no-shaming policy when children mess up. Children will be more likely to revert to dishonest behaviors if they fear being shamed. Approval is a strong motivator. Non shaming disapproval can help to teach, but shame dissolves strength of character, and tends to elicit the behaviors you want to extinguish.
Respond rather than overreact when children lie or dissemble. It is natural for children to test. Your response will teach them to be honest, or to hide. Do not demand (or expect) perfection. Keep consequences for transgressions equal to the “crime,” and always as consistent as possible. Short consequences work best.
If dishonesty has become chronic at any age, consider the underlying root causes. The child may be acting out something that is troubling him. Seek help from a professional if appropriate. Social workers are trained to help in these situations.
Reprinted with the permission of the National Association of Social Workers.
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by Hymenaeus Beta XII°
Edward Alexander Crowley was born in Leamington Spa in 1875. He was educated at Malvern and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he changed his name to Aleister. He was a lyric and dramatic poet, with several dozen books to his credit, including a collaboration with Auguste Rodin. He is anthologized in The Oxford Book of English Mystical Verse.
Crowley was natural polymath, and made a name for himself as a poet, novelist, journalist, mountaineer, explorer, chess player, graphic designer, drug experimenter, prankster, lover of women, beloved of men, yogi, magician, prophet, early freedom fighter, human rights activist, philosopher, and artist. He has been compared to Sir Richard Burton, and Crowley is probably best known today as the author of the twentieth century’s most influential textbooks on occultism, and as the first Englishman to found a religion—Thelema—which is today a recognized faith around the world.
Crowley was the enfant terrible of the Edwardian avant-garde of London and Paris. Witty and flamboyant, and an early champion of the aesthetic and inspirational virtues of drugs, sex, music and dance, he gravitated to the cultural exile communities: New York during WWI, the Lost Generation of Paris in the 1920s, and the decadent Berlin of Christopher Isherwood’s Mr. Norris in the 1930s. To those who crossed his path Crowley was unforgettable. He figures in innumerable memoirs, and became the basis for fictional characters ranging from Somerset Maugham’s The Magician to the villain in Ian Fleming’s Casino Royale.
He has now been rediscovered and reinterpreted so often—by Beats, hippies, punks and the “industrial culture”—that he has become a perennial icon of counter-cultural rebellion. The London Sunday Times named him one of their 1000 makers of the Twentieth Century. The Beatles included him on the “people we like” cover of Sergeant Pepper’s not once but twice—the second photo was reportedly dropped as Crowley too closely resembled Paul McCartney.
In 1919 Crowley left New York for Cefalu, Sicily, where he began to paint landscapes. He transformed his rented villa by painting erotic wall murals after the example of Paul Gauguin—one of Crowley’s heroes, whom he made a saint in his Gnostic Catholic Church. This was his Abbey of Thelema, an experiment in spiritual monasticism inspired in part by Rabelais. Students practiced Crowley’s religious philosophy of Thelema (the Greek word for “will”). Crowley summarized this as “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law,” with its corollary “Love is the law, love under will”—both quotations from The Book of the Law. This book is the founding text of his religion of Thelema, and was dictated to Crowley in Egypt in 1904 by what he described as a “praeterhuman intelligence.”
Students travelled to Sicily from around the world to “find their true wills” or their purpose in life. Crowley’s training regimen involved breaking down all artificial and societal inhibitions to liberate the essential self, while simultaneously giving training in yoga, concentration, and self-analysis. The Abbey and its residents prospered, but when an Oxford undergraduate died at the Abbey (from drinking local water against Crowley’s advice), the British press attacked Crowley relentlessly. As was later done with D.H. Lawrence, the Home Secretary Joynston Hicks and his press mouthpiece, James Douglas of the Sunday Express, demonized Crowley. The press depicted him as “The Wickedest Man in the World” and “A Man We’d Like to Hang.” Ironically, this campaign ensured Crowley’s enduring fame, as well as an enduring misunderstanding of Crowley’s life and work. He died in Hastings, England in 1947.
Crowley has been the subject of numerous biographies, most extremely inaccurate when not overtly hostile to their subject. In recent years, excellent new biographies by serious authors have appeared annually, each of which complements the others: Lawrence Sutin, Do What Thou Wilt: A Life of Aleister Crowley (2000), Martin Booth, A Magick Life: The Life of Aleister Crowley (2001), and Richard Kaczynski, Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley (2002). A balanced appraisal of his life and work may also be found in Gerald Suster’s entry in the Missing Persons supplement to the standard reference work The Dictionary of National Biography, published by Oxford University Press in 1993. Crowley’s own The Temple of Solomon the King (serialized in The Equinox) and Confessions provide useful insights into his life and work. Other biographies and studies are J. F. C. Fuller, The Star in the West (1907), C.R. Cammell, Aleister Crowley (1951), John Symonds, The Great Beast (1951) and The Magic of Aleister Crowley (1958) (later combined in The King of the Shadow Realm (1989)), Israel Regardie, The Eye in the Triangle (1970), Francis X. King, The Magical World of Aleister Crowley (1977), Susan Roberts, The Magician of the Golden Dawn (1978), Colin Wilson, Aleister Crowley: The Nature of the Beast (1987) and Gerald Suster, The Legacy of the Beast (1988).
Contributor to The Eastbourne Gazette (chess columnist), The Occult Review, The Bystander, The Fatherland, The Open Court, Smart Set, Pearson’s, The English Review, and the English and American editions of Vanity Fair. Managing editor of The International: A Review of Two Worlds (1916-1917). Crowley’s early works (1898-1905) are Aceldama (1898), The Tale of Archais (1898), Jezebel (1898), Songs of the Spirit (1898), Jephthah (1898), An Appeal to the American Republic (1899), The Mother’s Tragedy (1901), The Soul of Osiris (1901), Carmen Sæculare (1901), Tannhäuser (1902), Berashith (1903), Alice, An Adultery (1903), The God Eater (1903), Summa Spes (1903), Ahab (1903), The Star and the Garter (1903), In Residence (1904), The Argonauts (1904), Why Jesus Wept (1904), The Sword of Song (1904), Oracles (1905), Orpheus (1905), Rosa Mundi (1905), Gargoyles (1905), Rodin in Rime (1905). These were collected with revisions and a few retitlings in The Collected Works of Aleister Crowley (3 vol., 1905-7), which omitted The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King (1904, as editor) and the unattributed pornographic works White Stains (1898) and Snowdrops from a Curate’s Garden (c. 1904).
In Crowley’s middle period (1907-1914, bracketing the period of the first volume of The Equinox) he issued works on magick and mysticism as well as poetry: Konx Om Pax (1907), Amphora (1908, reissued as Hail Mary, 1912), Clouds without Water (1909), Liber 777 (1909), The World’s Tragedy (1910), The Scented Garden of Abdullah the Satirist of Shiraz (Bagh-i-muattar) (1910), Rosa Decidua (1910), The Winged Beetle (1910), Ambergris (1910), Household Gods (1912), Book 4, Parts I-II (1912-1913, with Mary Desti), Liber CCCXXXIII, The Book of Lies (1913) and Chicago May (1914). His late period included his novels, autobiography and most of his principal textbooks, with poetry generally confined to small booklets: Diary of a Drug Fiend (1922), Songs for Italy (1923), Moonchild (1929), The Spirit of Solitude, subsequently re-antichristened The Confessions of Aleister Crowley (1929, vols. 1-2 only), Magick in Theory and Practice (being Part III of Book 4) (1929-30, with Leila Waddell), The Equinox of the Gods (The Equinox III(3), 1936), Liber AL vel Legis sub figura CCXX (1938), The Heart of the Master (1938), Little Essays Toward Truth (1938), Khing Kang King (1939), Eight Lectures on Yoga (The Equinox III(4), 1939), Temperance (1939), Thumbs Up (1941), The Fun of the Fair (1942), The City of God (1943), The Book of Thoth (The Equinox III(5), 1944, with Frieda Harris), and Olla: An Anthology of Sixty Years of Song (1946).
Crowley’s principal posthumous works are Liber XXX Ærum vel Sæculi Sub Figura CCCCXVIII: the Vision and the Voice, with Commentary (1952), The Gospel According to St. Bernard Shaw (1953), Magick without Tears (1954), 777 Revised (1955), Liber Aleph vel CXI, The Book of Wisdom or Folly (The Equinox III(6), 1961), The Book of Lies with an additional commentary (1962), The Confessions of Aleister Crowley (1969, abridged ed. of vols. 1-6), Atlantis (1970), Shih Yi (The Equinox III(7), 1971), Liber CLVII, The Tao Teh King (The Equinox III(8), 1971), ΘΕΛΗΜΑ: The Holy Books of Thelema (The Equinox III(9), 1983), Golden Twigs (1988) and The Law is for All (auth. ed. 1996). For Crowley as a French translator, see Charles Baudelaire, Little Poems in Prose (1928) and Éliphas Lévi, The Key of the Mysteries (book format, 1959).
First editions are generally cited; many of Crowley’s prose works are now available in a revised second edition with a critical apparatus. Posthumous compilations include The Equinox III(10) (1986), Commentaries on the Holy Books and Other Papers (The Equinox IV(1), 1996), The Vision and the Voice with Commentary and Other Papers (The Equinox IV(2), 1998) and the essay collection The Revival of Magick (1998). The four parts of Crowley’s principal work on magic and mysticism were revised and reissued as Magick (Book 4, Parts I-IV) (1994, 1997).
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Arxiv - Two very nearby (less than 5 parsecs) ultracool brown dwarfs detected by their large proper motions from WISE, 2MASS, and SDSS data
WISE provides an infrared all-sky survey which aims at completing our knowledge on the possibly dramatically increasing number of brown dwarfs with lower temperatures. We search for the nearest representatives of the coolest brown dwarfs, which will be very interesting for detailed follow-up observations, once they haven been discovered. We estimate distances of 5.5and 4.6 parsecs and tangential velocities of ∼65 km/s and ∼34 km/s indicating Galactic thick and thin disk membership, respectively.The next star to the Sun, Proxima, is located slightly more than 4 light years from the Sun, whereas the nearest known brown dwarfs, epsilon Indi Ba and Bb, also found at the AIP several years ago, are about 12 light years away.
It cannot be excluded that ultracool brown dwarfs surround us in similar high numbers as stars and that our nearest known neighbor will soon be a brown dwarf rather than Proxima Centauri.
Ralf-Dieter Scholz and his AIP colleagues used the recently published data of the NASA satellite WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) for their discovery. The two new Solar neighbours, named WISE J0254+0223 and WISE J1741+2553, attracted attention by the extreme contrast between their strong brightness in the infrared and their almost invisible appearance in optical light. In addition, both objects move at comparably large speed across the sky (proper motion), i.e. their positions are remarkably different with respect to earlier observations. This was a first hint of their vicinity that was confirmed by the comparison of their colours and magnitudes with those of other similar objects. The brighter of the two objects was visible on the night sky at the time of its discovery so that the AIP team could use the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona/USA for determining the spectral type and distance more accurately. Both objects belong to the coolest representatives of T-type brown dwarfs, just at the boundary to the predicted but not yet well-defined class of Y-type ultracool brown dwarfs.
Brown dwarfs are also called failed stars, since during their formation, they could not accumulate enough mass to ignite the natural nuclear fusion reactor in their core, that is the long-living energy source of stars. Therefore, their brightness decreases strongly with time. Presumably, most brown dwarfs have reached surface temperatures below the “oven temperature” of about 500 Kelvin (about 230 degrees Celsius), may be even as cool as the temperature at the surface of the Earth. The search for these elusive neighbours of the Sun is currently in full swing. It cannot be excluded that ultracool brown dwarfs surround us in similar high numbers as stars and that our nearest known neighbour will soon be a brown dwarf rather than Proxima Centauri.
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The first test of the Obama administration’s second term foreign policy team is shaping up to be North Korea’s upcoming nuclear explosion. Korean President Kim Jong Un last week declared martial law in anticipation of the country’s third nuclear test that Un has reportedly ordered be conducted before the middle of February, which will coincidentally occur on his late father’s (and former leader of North Korea) birthday. This week a bellicose and belligerent North Korean government put on its official website a bizarre and provocative video of the bombing of what appears to be New York City with the caption: “Somewhere in the United States, black clouds of smoke are billowing… It seems that the nest of wickedness is ablaze with the fire started by itself.“ The video includes the launch of a North Korean missile, implying that if the United States puts too much pressure on them the consequence will be a nuclear response. The Chinese foreign minister on Wednesday issued a stern public warning to North Korea against the test, and the Chinese Communist Party official party newspaper published an unprecedented editorial saying, “If North Korea insists on a third nuclear test despite attempts to dissuade it, it must pay a heavy price.” North Korea is in no position to anger its only remaining patron and ally, and yet it may go ahead with the nuclear test anyway.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has said that he regards the North Korean nuclear threat to be greater than that of Iran, which has yet to test its first nuclear bomb. Kerry’s statement may reflect the growing concern of U.S. intelligence officials and members of Congress that North Korea now has both nuclear weapons and the meansintercontinental ballistic missilesto deliver them.
The nuclear test will come at a politically sensitive moment. The Obama administration’s new foreign policy team is not fully in place. Three new heads of government in the countries most affected by North Korea’s threats have recently taken office: Chinese President Xi Jinping who took office late last year as did Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, and South Korean President Park Geun-hye who will be sworn in shortly. President Park is the daughter of former South Korean President Park Chung-hee, who the North Koreans bungled an attempt to assassinate in 1974, but ended up killing his wife, and mother of the new president, instead. All three leaders have one thing in common, they all face domestic problems requiring their attention and do not want to be distracted by a foreign policy crisis their first few months in office orchestrated by the ever-troublesome North Korea. All three new leaders face diplomatic challenges with each other. China and Japan are quarreling over control of a small, uninhabited island in the China Sea. Debates in Japan about the need to rearm in the face of rising Chinese military power have unnerved South Korea which suffered under Japanese abuses in the first half of the last century when Korea was a Japanese colony.
Why, then, is the 28-year-old ruler of North Korea, Kim Jong Un—himself in office for just over a year—exploding a nuclear weapon right now? One reason may be to distract the attention of Communist Party cadres, the North Korean military, and its long suffering population to a fictional external threat. He has been purging its geriatric government and military officialdom to put in place younger men, loyal to him, but the change of leadership is not going well. Rising official dissent appears to be spreading across the country from those who have lost political and military power. Fabricating an external threat may be meant to suppress dissatisfaction among unhappy North Korean elite. The only product the North Korean economy now produces of any consequence are weapons, since it cannot feed itself or provide consumer products for its population (except through imports from China).
Kim promisedbut has not deliveredmore food, economic reform, improvements in public services, and a way out of the country’s slide into oblivion. A sizeable portion of the general population has no economic livelihood or political power to command food and may be facing sustained hunger and even famine in some areas. The World Food Program in the summer of 2012 issued two reports which warned against a famine in 2013 because of a severe drought followed by widespread flooding and a typhoon which did extensive damage to the rice and maize crops. South Korea faced the same climatic conditions which reduced agricultural production. Mysteriously, in last November’s crop assessment from the World Food Program and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, they announced a 10 percent increase in production, two months after their prediction of catastrophe. How could conditions have changed so quickly? Why was North Korea unaffected by the same drought and flooding which damaged South Korean agriculture? These most recent crop estimates lack credibility and likely reflect manipulated data by Pyongyang, since the North cannot admit declining production and a famine in the first year of Kim Jong Un’s reign. So instead of reforming their economy and agricultural system, they fed their hungry population propaganda instead of food, the irony of which would have amused George Orwell.
Famine may have returned to the North last year according to a new report issued in January 2013 by Asia Press International run by North Korean defectors based in Osaka, Japan. If the report is accurate, a famine took place in the southwest region of North Korea the first quarter of last year, in what is the richest agricultural area of the country. The famine was caused by Pyongyang’s confiscation of a large portion of the rice crop in late 2011 to ensure the capital city (where the privileged elite live) and military were fed. Between 10,000 and 20,000 may have died in North and South Hwanghae provinces. We have another unconfirmed report, also from defectors I interviewed late last year, that in the northwest rice growing areas a famine killed between 6,000 and 8,000 people a year earlier. The Asia Press story also reported shocking instances of cannibalism, which I had heard similar stories about from North Korean refugees in China during the famine of the 1990s. Several reports from different sources say that North Korean soldiers are suffering from acute malnutrition because the food ration system appears to be failing. National Public Radio reported in a Dec. 10, 2012 story that the government had lowered to 4 feet 7 inches the minimum height for young recruits, a tacit admission of years of acute malnutrition severely stunting an entire generation of North Koreans. Evidence of the continuing food crisis facing the country come from an unlikely source: the farmers markets.
Since February 2012 the markets in North Korea, which feed more than half of the population, have operated without interference from the central government which may signal a shift towards reform, since in the past, Pyongyang has grudgingly permitted them to function under duress, sending in the police to harass merchants and confiscate merchandize. The shift of policy towards the markets may be a way of reducing public anger at the economic and food situation, or it could be a tacit acknowledgement by the government of continuing food scarcity, hunger, and starvation.
The North’s upcoming test and threats to bomb the United States are a crude attempt to intimidate the South Korean, Japanese, U.S., and Chinese governments into making economic concessions to resuscitate their sclerotic economy or provide food aid. All four governments have at varying times provided assistance to the North, three of them in exchange for ending the weapons programs. Pyongyang took the aid and continued to build their arsenals. By connecting aid to the weapons programs we have trained the North to continue building missile and nuclear bombs, since it is the one way the North can capture their neighbor’s attention and get help. North Korea has resolutely avoided any major economic reforms to build a market economy, because the leadership believes reform poses too many risks to the continuity of the Kim dynasty. So they let their population starve, while they use their scarce revenues to build weapons of mass destruction to threaten their neighbors. The one bottom line the North Korean ought to consider when they make their threats: One or two nuclear weapons does not pose any real threat to the United States or its allies, because should they attempt to use them, the United States will turn North Korea, as former Secretary of State Condeleezza Rice so famously put it, into “a parking lot.” Threats must be creditable and the North Korean threats simply aren’t. The bigger issue has always been the North Koreans selling their technology to a nonstate actor (read: terrorist groups) against which the deterrence principle is less effective. In any case it’s time the United States tell Pyongyang that we aren’t playing their games any longerthe game is over and it time for them to accept the risk implicit in any political and economic reform strategy and end their contemptible threats.
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Scrabble word: PERSONS
In which Scrabble dictionary does PERSONS exist?
Definitions of PERSONS in dictionaries:
- noun - a human being
- noun - a human body (usually including the clothing)
- noun - a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party
- n - a human being
There are 7 letters in PERSONS: E N O P R S S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to PERSONS
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word PERSONS plus a wildcard: PERSONS?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word PERSONS
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roy cole Home Design, 2017-02-17 16:01:07.When you want to clean high places, you can use a ladder that will guarantee your safety instead of climbing a tree or the cupboard. The last for outside window cleaning tips, you can always ask other people's help to reach the high place than having an accident when you’re cleaning the window.
roy cole Bathroom, 2016-10-16 15:31:36.White color design of bathtub, bathroom sink, and closet that is also made perfectly by using glossy white ceramic material. Actually will support to create а clean impression of bathroom design that has a modern concept. Besides, design of glass window that is applied in up position of bathroom wall design actually will create a fresh impression of bathroom interior condition that has a clean interior appearance. It is also often to be applied as a part of application of small bathroom design ideas for modern bathroom design.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-08 15:48:10.But the location is not the only thing that makes this resort shines. The natural concept that used on the building design is also playing important role in the making of comfort of the visitor. The building is all made from wooden material combined with transparent glass wall on some areas. The transparent concept gives visual connection to the beautiful view outside and creating integrated life with the nature. Those resort design inspirations are amazing, right?
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-06 15:20:51.A New York City based studio, Method Design Architecture has finished a renovated residence called the DPR Residence in the last year. The project took place in Pound Ridge; a small town in Westchester County, New York, USA, placed on the roadside with trees view on the back and grass yard and large rocks around the building. Making the residence is easy to be reached and has a great view at the same time.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-09 16:14:00.Before you step inside, you should see the pool area in the backyard of the house. It has stunning swimming pool with wooden deck wrapping the pool. The interior design of Bridge House looks perfect in modern interior style. You will love to see glass window panels that allowed you to see the view outside. It has comfort living room with а set of modern sofa. You also can see built‐in fireplace in lavish touch and black tile mantle.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-15 10:00:39.Providing the openness to get mixed with the nature surrounding, the Southland Residence features the use of transparent glass extensively. Not only creating the connection between indoors and outdoors, this one also allows this modern residence interior to look really bright and airy as well. It is because of the abundance of light coming through the glass element that defines this residence’s façade. And as to create the more refreshing and relaxing vibe, you can see not only the lush vegetation but also this calming garden pond.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-05 05:08:14.Located in Tasmania, Australia, the house is designed by Australian studio, Birrelli Architecture. Titled as Lagoon Beach House, this 2,745 square foot residence is built to accommodate a four generations family living here. This two-floor house is carefully designed to be spacious with airy as well as functional. The building has attractive look with its different material that used on the structure. The first floor is made from conventional wall; meanwhile the second floor is covered by wooden board on its outdoor wall.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-13 06:50:20.Look at this adorable living room that features the stylish modern furniture; all in white. The simple white sofa will provide the comfort during the family time and looks really appealing with the help of fluffy throw pillows in the same clean and bright white color as well. Covering the large window is white sheer, which adds texture within this white room instantly. But, what makes this cozy white room looks really cool is the gorgeous design for the floor lamp as well as the sparkling lamp on the floor in rounded shape.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-18 16:18:32.Going to look other kinds of floor vases, here are some of them. Hues living space can influence the floor vase choice; as here they apply glass floor vase with green and white flower filled the vase. They apply it into chic wooden floor and under pretty crystal chandelier.When in a contemporary loft with outside views and white sofas on wooden floor, we can give high glass floor vase filled by arid twigs. They apply it next to the wooden cupboard. Cozy room with orange sofa and white rug can apply a striped floor vase in front of the glasses fireplace. It will create an artistic style of the room.
roy cole Home Design, 2016-10-10 14:54:58.It is funny to find the fact that the living room is located at the third floor. The designer shows you a unique side of this sleek modern home concept. This house looks stylish form the outside in bright white wall paints. You will find side concrete stairs that leads you to every layer of the house. Step inside and you will see unique home interior in sleek modern style. The whole room inside the house looks beautiful and clean due to white color domination.
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I consistently see problems that could have been avoided if travelers took the time to act in their own best interest—not all problems, but a large number. There are simple steps we can take, such as verifying reservation details, prepping travel documents (including passports and visas), and treating people who could help us with respect. One of the best ways to remember to take those steps is to count to five.
For instance, do you need to pick up your rental car quickly to meet your new client? Count to five before you sign your rental agreement. When your flight is cancelled for no apparent reason, do you wait in line seething for two hours before you reach the overwhelmed agent? Count to five before you speak.
Why five? Why not ten, or three? Look, this is not a controlled study—what works for me may not work for you. Test your own responses, but in my experience, five is a good place to start. Counting to three doesn't allow me enough time to calm down and consider options. And if I'm frustrated, counting to ten gives me enough time to cycle through calm and back to agitation. Perhaps you're a preternaturally calm and error-free person—zero could be the number for you. Or you make mistakes all the time and fly off the handle at the slightest provocation—contemplate downloading a timer app and setting it for two minutes.
Maybe you have another opinion: You think the whole notion of counting to five is ridiculous. This world moves fast and you've got things to do, places to go, people to see. You're quick on your feet and nimble of mind. You're even fast in the air. You can fix any problem thrown at you because you're Superman and Lex Luthor is going down. Look, I'm not going to debate you, Superman, but hasn't Lex tossed kryptonite in your direction once or twice? All I'm saying is, recognize your own personal kryptonite and give yourself the time to avoid it.
Specifically, if you're about to plunk down money for a ticket or reservation, take the time to consider whether all of the information you provided was correct and that it's the reservation you want. Ask yourself these questions: Did I thoroughly check the details, everything from dates to names? Do I understand the cancellation policy and can I live with it? As a corollary, is it non-refundable and, if it is, have I accepted the fact that "non-refundable" means non-refundable, no matter the circumstances? If it's a flight reservation, are all my flights connected and are the connection times sufficient?
If you're about to sign a legal document, such as a car rental, apartment rental, or timeshare agreement, take the time to examine what you're liable for and, again, verify the information is correct. Ask yourself: Is the rate or total amount what I agreed to? Did I sign up for or decline the appropriate insurance coverage? If it's a car, is the type of vehicle correct? If it's a vacation rental, is the address correct? It it's a timeshare, am I being pressured to buy something I don't want? Do I have the right to rescind the agreement? If so, how much time do I have? Are those details included on the contract?
If you've encountered a problem and are asking a representative for assistance, whether an airline gate agent, tour leader, or front desk manager at a hotel, take the time to consider your approach. Ask yourself: Am I talking to the right person? If he isn't being helpful, does he, like me, have a reason to be stressed? Are there two hundred people waiting for his assistance? Maybe he hasn't eaten. Do I have a snack I could offer? If he's hangry, he's only going to get hangrierif he doesn't eat. If I'm seething, imagine whether anything good will come from yelling at or shaming him. Try a little commiseration instead, "I bet this sucks for you, too."
While this all may seem like common sense, common sense often flies out the window when we're hurried or stressed. A count of five and a couple breaths will not sabotage your ability to complete your next task, make your next meeting, or find a hotel room if you're stranded at the airport, but it will give you the opportunity to reflect on whether your next action will get you what you want.
Have a travel question you want answered? Email firstname.lastname@example.org, or tweet us @CNTraveler #dearombudsman.
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Department for Transport figures say that there are now more charging points in the UK for electric cars than there are EVs.
Yes, we have little time for electric cars as anything more than urban runarounds for those with enough spare cash to pay through the nose for inferior technology. And it’s becoming clear that the great British car buying public feel much the same.
Department for Transport figures have revealed that there are now fewer electric cars on the roads in the UK than there are charging points. According to government figures, there are around 2,500 electric car recharging points in the UK, but just 2,149 electric cars have been sold since 2006. And it’s reckoned around 75 per cent of those have been bought by businesses, who get big tax breaks on EVs.
Even the taxpayer bribe of £5,000 for electric cars seems to have had little impact on sales. So far, just £3.9 million has been paid out to buyers of electric cars, little more than 1 per cent of the funding available. But are we surprised?
Electric cars probably have a usable range of around 30 miles – taking in to account real-world factors like temperature and night driving – before you have to either find somewhere to stop and recharge – which could take up to eight hours – or turn round and go home.
And even with the £5k bribe, electric cars are just stupidly expensive – as much as twice a comparable ICE car. It’s a bit like paying twice as much for a cathode tube B&W TV as a new OLED screen TV. Why would you?
Frankly, until car makers have battery technology which can not only offer comparable range and comparable refuelling times to an ICE car – and comparable pricing – the electric car is nothing more than a Dodo.
Mercifully, the British car buyer hasn’t been taken in by all the EV hype.
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Pain Management Using Cold and Heat
When used appropriately When used properly, a combination and cold treatments can provide relief for up to five days. This therapy is especially efficient for injuries that have been sustained from overuse or tears in muscles. It also reduces inflammation and pain through dilation of blood vessels. It promotes faster blood flow to the area that is injured. It also helps with chronic joint pain. The greatest thing is that both kinds of therapy can be combined!
Inflammation is lessened
Cold therapy is more efficient than heat therapy at the reduction of inflammation and blood flow to the affected areas. The cold therapy helps reduce swelling and heat therapy increases blood flow and draws in more nutrients. The use of heat therapy is particularly efficient in managing pain because of its soothing effects on the joints. Which treatment should you choose for your pain? Here are some ideas. Be sure you check out our chart of helpful information. Let’s discuss how heat and cold therapy interact.
Ice therapy is efficient in reducing inflammation and swelling. Ice therapy can also reduce inflammation and swelling. It can also create a numbing effect that slows down the brain’s pain signals. Effective cold therapy methods include ice baths, homemade ice packs, and cold packs made of chemicals. Similar to heat therapy, you should adhere to the correct procedure and limit the amount of cold exposure. It is not recommended to leave the cold pack on your skin for longer than 20 minutes because this could cause burning or hives.
Swelling is lessened
Although cold therapy can help reduce swelling, it has certain limitations. It should not be utilized on patients suffering from chronic injuries. Cold therapy is not recommended for open wounds and should not be used for those suffering from circulatory neuropathy disorders. Patients suffering from illnesses should consult their physician prior to applying cold therapy. Cold therapy can be applied to the affected areas only in the early stages of the pain.
In general, doctors recommend applying ice at first to reduce swelling, then applying heat to ease pain. Heating therapy improves blood flow and also warms muscles prior to exercising. Cold therapy, on the other hand reduces blood flow and reduces swelling and pain. Wrap the affected area with an apron to provide the most effective relief. For better results cold therapy should be applied for a minimum of 15-20 minutes several times per day.
Depending on the kind of injury, heat or cold therapy can be the most effective in reducing pain. For acute pain, such as muscles strains it is recommended to use heat as the most effective treatment. Cold therapy is recommended for chronic pain, like long-term joint pain. However, there isn’t a definitive and absolute rule of thumb for which one is more efficient. The majority of people suffering from joint pain may benefit from cold therapy.
The practice of cold therapy, also known as cryotherapy is used to ease the pain caused by inflammation and swelling. It reduces the damage to tissues by blocking nerve activity. It specifically numbs muscles that are in pain and reduces nerve activity. It also reduces swelling and inflammation by decreasing nerve activity. However cold therapy isn’t appropriate for some individuals particularly pregnant women. It is recommended to use cold therapy for those suffering from severe injuries, as it causes the body to react differently to heat.
Cold therapy can be used to treat a range of health conditions. The cold therapy helps reduce inflammation by reducing blood vessels in muscles, thereby reducing blood flow. Furthermore, cold therapy decreases pain signal transmission by the brain. There are two kinds of cold therapy that can be used: homemade ice packs or chemical cold packs. The use of cold therapy should be only for the recommended time like heat therapy. If exposed to cold for too long could cause ice burns or hives.
While both heat and cold therapy have advantages However, they come with different adverse effects. Cold therapy is more effective for injuries that are acute, which are due to reduced blood flow. Heating therapy can increase blood flow and reduces inflammation and swelling through improving circulation. It also has an emotional calming effect which makes it a great option for chronic pain management. However cold therapy isn’t as efficient for long-term pain management.
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Internet Freedom At Home: Governments, Companies Need Accountability, Speakers SayPublished on 22 June 2012 @ 6:28 pm
By Catherine Saez, Intellectual Property Watch
The freedom to access the internet does not translate into freedom of expression in many countries of the world, including in western economies, according to speakers at a peer forum organised yesterday by the United States mission to the United Nations in Geneva.
Both governments and companies, prime providers of internet surveillance technologies in particular in the developed countries, need to be held accountable for the destination and use of those technologies, some of which run counter to human rights.
The peer forum on internet freedom and human rights was held on 21 June and gathered technology experts, and human right activists, with the participation of the mission’s Internet Freedom Fellows programme, organised since 2011 in parallel with the UN Human Rights Council.
Freedom to connect exists in most countries where internet surveillance runs counter to human rights but not freedom from fear, Rebecca MacKinnon, former CNN journalist and co-founder of Global Voices Online said.
“Internet freedom does not mean just free networks, it means free people,” MacKinnon said. “Accomplishing that and constraining the abuse of power across digital networks is a tough problem.”
Strong Global Standard Needed, Democracies also Concerned
In the Internet Age, it is technically trivial both for corporations and governments to gain access to people’s private communications, she said. The issue is that without strong global standards the empowering potential of the internet is going to be diminished, she said. This is true not only for interconnection but also public transparency and accountability in how surveillance technologies are developed, deployed. And it applies to how information is shared between governments and between companies and governments.
Even in democracies, “we are really struggling” with the issue of how to make sure that in the legitimate fight against crime, terrorism, cyber attacks, which all are real problems, the mechanisms put in place are not abused, she said. How can it ensured that those who hold power through those mechanisms will be accountable when they use that power for purposes that were not intended, she asked. She cited a recent report from the American Civil Liberties Union http://www.aclu.org/spy-files on widespread surveillance by US law enforcement agencies across the US.
Surveillance technologies “are being sold very obviously to governments who clearly are going to abuse that technology,” she said. She mentioned what has been nicknamed the “Wiretappers’ Ball” to describe trade fairs run by a company which invites law enforcement and security agencies from around the world to meet with companies that built those technologies.
The last one of those fairs was held “not too far from Washington, DC” and 35 US federal agencies were present, along with representatives of 43 different countries, she said, with ” no questions asked.”
A lot of these technologies are being built or developed primarily by western companies with western governments as prime customers, but are being sold blatantly to countries like Azerbaijan (which has been reported recently for its crackdown on free expression) and others, she said.
As a major customer, the United States needs to demand transparency on the part of these companies about where those technologies are being sold and used, MacKinnon said, adding, “Internet freedom starts at home.”
There is a need to demand that governments be accountable and transparent on what surveillance technologies exist and how they are being deployed and used, and not only at the domestic level, but globally.
As an example of transparency, she cited the Google transparency report, which lists the number of requests from governments around the world both for user information and takedown requests. MacKinnon said the top requesters were democratic governments.
All companies should be requested to provide similar transparency reports, she said, and governments should also issue transparency reports about the number of requests they are making. “There should be ways to do this without compromising active investigation,” she said.
MacKinnon recently published a book entitled, “Consent of the Networked.”
Internet: Shopping Mall or Public Square
A panel discussion addressed the protection of human rights in a world of global networks in which two visions of the internet were described. One is§ the internet as a shopping mall, mainly owned by private interests, the other one as a public square.
Robert Whelan from the International Committee of the Red Cross raised the concept of informed consent in the context of victims of armed conflicts. The victims of violation of human rights law have the right to know what information is going to be used about their experience, or their story, he said. They should know where this information will go, who is going to see it, have access to it, where that information is going to be replicated or reproduced and when will that information will be deleted, he added.
The challenge is to put the civilian victims at the centre, and in control of the information about their experience. This is at odds with the concept of free exchange of information, he said, citing as examples the “re-tweeting” and reproducing of articles, photographs and names on the internet.
Nicolas Seidler from the Internet Society said the internet is not “the wild west” but just the digital version of the real world, and as such is subject to the same human rights instruments. The challenge is that no new rights are needed; rather the need is to implement and reinforce human rights standards on the internet, he said. Governments’ management of the internet is but a reflection of their overall management, he said.
For Brett Solomon, executive director of Accessnow.org, a US-based non-governmental organisation pushing for digital freedom, several issues are laid out in the “Silicon Valley Standard” [pdf]. The standard was developed after the Silicon Valley human rights conference held in San Francisco in 2011.
The effort to protect rights holders and copyrights by the copyright industry, which he qualified as “voracious,” is putting internet intermediaries at risk of liability, he said.
Effective internet security is essential, he said, as “there is no freedom of speech unless people feel safe and secure.” He called for the right to encryption of web activity. “Technology companies must provide a basic level of security … to their users by default and resist bans and curtailments of the use of encryption,” the standard says.
David Sullivan, policy and communications director for the Global Network Initiative (GNI) presented the initiative, which gathers information and communication technology stakeholders and provides a framework for companies based on international standards. Companies that commit to GNI standards also commit to being assessed independently, he said, on how they implement principles, if they have policies and procedures in place to meet standards and accountability commitments.
Sullivan cited the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), the failed US legislation, as a policy effort aimed at solving one problem around copyright infringing material that is was “going to have deeply worrisome repercussions around the world as other countries look at that example in ways that could have deeply problematic consequences in terms of censorship.”
This year, the human right activists participating in the Internet Freedom Fellows programme are: Dishad Othman from Syria, Pranesh Prakash from India, Koundjoro Gabriel Kambou from Burkina Faso, Sopheap Chak from Cambodia, Andreas Azpurua from Venezuela and Emin Milli from Azerbaijan. Short biographies are here.
Emin Milli, a writer who was imprisoned for expressing his opinion in Azerbajian, said he looked at internet as a public square and not a shopping mall but the situations vastly differ from one country to the other, he added, as contexts are very different. The Eurovision song contest, which was held in the country this year, was a great opportunity for civil society, with the help of international media to draw attention to the situation of Azerbaijan.
Dishad Othman, a Syrian activist and IT engineer, characterised himself as a security activist as he is helping people to use tools to hide themselves on the internet. Sharing experiences from different countries is very important, he said, calling for a larger group of international activists who could help people but also technology companies to provide a safer environment and to promote freedom on the internet so that “all people can benefit from it.”
Pranesh Prakash, programme manager at the Centre for Internet and Society in Bangalore, said people have tools to protect themselves from surveillance that they do not use. In particular, he said, many journalists do not know how to use those tools, especially in the context of journalists’ computers and files that are seized, endangering their sources.
Catherine Saez may be reached at email@example.com.
Categories: Access to Knowledge, Copyright Policy, English, Human Rights, Information and Communications Technology/ Broadcasting, Trademarks/Geographical Indications/Domains, US Policy, United Nations
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Imitation and mirror neurons: An evolutionary robotics model
Spaak E., Haselager PFG.
The involvement of the mirror neuron system (MNS) in both imitation and action understanding has been firmly established. Various authors have claimed that the MNS's function in facilitating imitation builds upon its role in action understanding and is a phylogenetically later development. We argue that this hypothesis lacks sufficient evidence and present support for the reverse: the phylogenetically primary function of the MNS is imitation and the MNS could have evolved in response to a selective pressure for imitative behavior. This hypothesis was tested using evolutionary robotics simulation techniques. The simulation was conducted with embodied and embedded agents with a lifetime-adapting neural network for which the learning parameters were evolutionarily optimized. The agents had to perform an imitation task. Analysis of the resulting controller revealed artificial neurons showing clear mirror characteristics, suggesting that, indeed, mirror neurons evolve due to a selective pressure for imitative behavior.
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Forgiveness, that noblest of all self-denial, is a virtue which he alone who can practise in himself can willingly believe in another.
Prosecution I have managed to avoid; but I have been arrested, charged in a police court, have refused to be bound over, and thereupon have been unconditionally released - to my great regret; for I have always wanted to know what going to prison was like.
Organized crime in America takes in over forty billion dollars a year. This is quite a profitable sum, especially when one considers that the Mafia spends very little for office supplies.
We have initiated programs for re-entry offenders, since some 500,000 to 600,000 offenders will come out of prison each year for the next three or four years. We want to have positive alternatives when they come back to the community.
What restrains us from killing is partly fear of punishment, partly moral scruple, and partly what may be described as a sense of humor.
The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons.
A just chastisement may benefit a man, though it seldom does; but an unjust one changes all his blood to gall.
Care should be taken that the punishment does not exceed the guilt; and also that some men do not suffer for offenses for which others are not even indicted.
Prison continues, on those who are entrusted to it, a work begun elsewhere, which the whole of society pursues on each individual through innumerable mechanisms of discipline.
We who live in prison, and in whose lives there is no event but sorrow, have to measure time by throbs of pain, and the record of bitter moments.
Every instance of a man's suffering the penalty of the law is an instance of the failure of that penalty in effecting its purpose, which is to deter.
The torment of human frustration, whatever its immediate cause, is the knowledge that the self is in prison, its vital force and 'mangled mind' leaking away in lonely, wasteful self-conflict.
The only real prison is fear, and the only real freedom is freedom from fear.
I can tell you this on a stack of Bibles: prisons are archaic, brutal, unregenerative, overcrowded hell holes where the inmates are treated like animals with absolutely not one humane thought given to what they are going to do once they are released. You're an animal in a cage and you're treated like one.
I don't like being famous - it is like a prison. And driving for Ferrari would make it far worse.
One should respect public opinion insofar as is necessary to avoid starvation and keep out of prison, but anything that goes beyond this is voluntary submission to an unnecessary tyranny.
Corporal punishment falls far more heavily than most weighty pecuniary penalty.
The world itself is but a large prison, out of which some are daily led to execution.
Wicked deeds are generally done, even with impunity, for the mere desire of occupation.
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I promised myself I would not get nervous. I would be speaking for eight hours to an audience of 75 colleagues — ranging from senior project managers to presidents — representing a dozen architectural firms, five developers, three contractors, and senior executives from the banking industry. The topics: sustainable design and what is required to pass the U.S. Green Building Council-sponsored (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited Professional (LEED AP) exam.
Fortunately, as the workshop unfolded, the participants were not only listening, but were also engaged in constructive dialogue and questions. More importantly, they began looking to me and my firm to give them assistance and guidance on what it takes to become a LEED AP in the AEC markets. This was our firm’s fourth event within a six-month period and we were still receiving requests to host future events. Surprisingly, our civil engineering firm had become a recognized Atlanta-area leader in thinking about sustainability, the LEED certification process, and what is required to become a LEED AP.
For perspective, consider that only a few years ago, while it was reasonable to expect a civil engineer to know about the USGBC and LEED, it was unusual for civil engineers to be involved directly with the green movement and projects associated with LEED certification. The LEED program was a common topic among architects, but when it came to LEED or sustainable design projects, discussions with civil engineers were limited to permitting and the required submittals with regulatory entities (with the mindset of necessity), rather than a genuine interest in the civil engineering ideas that could contribute toward sustainable goals for the project (and LEED credits).
How green are you?
About 18 months ago, something changed for our firm. Several key managers were invited to a lunch meeting with a nationally known client architect. The client asked us an interesting question at the beginning of lunch: “How green are you?” After an uncomfortable silence, we explained that we were planning to brush up on the USGBC-LEED certification process in more depth, and were thinking about becoming LEED APs. We had, in fact, contributed to several LEED-certified projects in the past, but always had a secondary role in the process. Following up on their own question, the client stated that the firm was committing to being on the cutting edge of sustainability and was evaluating all of its strategic partnerships. They would likely work only with firms that shared the same commitment. It was at that time that we knew we had to become serious about sustainability, LEED, and the role of civil engineering in the process.
Today, project opportunities are seriously limited, extremely competitive, and come in smaller and smaller waves of opportunities. We are now attending public informational meetings for projects where 40 to 50 consultants show up to compete for the contract. One glimmer of light in the tunnel of recession is sustainability; it is the topic to discuss at the table — how stimulus money will filter down into project opportunities, or on what project can credits be obtained from the site design on the ever-growing LEED certification program. What we did not realize at the beginning of this change was that in developing our firm’s sustainable design platform we would receive a different seat at the table with every existing client, as well as foster new business opportunities.
In a year’s time, starting with a firm-wide commitment to sustainability in our projects, we decided to become more effective in assisting our clients in strategizing for LEED certification and that we would all become LEED APs. Volunteering to take the first step, I started with a local workshop on LEED certification for new construction and what was required to prepare for the LEED AP exam. After a month of studying, I took the exam and passed on the first attempt; but the real goal was for all of the firm’s professionals to pass. Should we send our staff to an outside workshop, buy them all books, and register each for the exam?
For those that have gone through this process, it can be a significant cost. Since the material was fresh in my mind and I did, in fact, pass the exam, I suggested to the firm’s senior managers that they consider letting me train and prepare our own staff. Based on my experience with the local workshop, I thought we could do a better job targeting in-house training toward not just learning the material but also preparing for the exam and developing a strategy to pass it on the first attempt. Senior management agreed.
Our in-house LEED AP Exam Prep Course, developed during a five-week period, includes a PowerPoint presentation, innovative studying and memorization techniques for standards used in LEED, and even our own version of practice quizzes and exams. The course was delivered in a notebook to each student and presented in a single eight-hour block of instruction, followed up with two, one-hour lunch-and-learn review sessions and a two-hour practice exam.
At the first workshop, every registered professional in the firm signed up and we invited some of our closest client friends (the mindset was, even if we failed in this endeavor, they would be forgiving). The 19 graduates of the first workshop had an overall 95-percent first-time pass rate on the exam, including our friendly clients.
The success of this first endeavor with LEED and sustainability pushed us farther down the path toward transformation. We found ourselves talking LEED, selling sustainability in our design work, and having a professional excitement around our clients. Those first invited client guests, all of whom passed their LEED exams, also did something for us — they made referrals (and in this market, referrals are golden!). Not just referrals for work, but also touting our in-house course among peers and colleagues. It was not long before we were receiving calls from colleagues, and clients of clients, wanting to know if we were planning to conduct another LEED AP exam prep workshop. They had heard that our event was good and helped participants to pass their exams. After numerous requests, we knew we had to do another session.
For workshop two, we invited a wider range of people from clients with which we do routine projects. We had no trouble filling up the room and had similar results — about a 95-percent first-time pass rate. This second venture continued to make our firm known as sustainable civil engineers and LEED-savvy in the Atlanta marketplace. Clients that attended our program previously were starting to call us seeking advice on civil sustainability, or to ask us to participate in strategy sessions for design-build and feasibility projects. We were definitely getting a different seat at the table now.
A third workshop, planned at the special request of a notable development firm, was exclusive for the firm’s senior staff (a few travelled from other states to attend). Teaching and working with this group contributed to new insight in forming our discussions with principal clients about project opportunities and teaming: If you are knowledgeable in the certification requirements for LEED, you will discover that the program and process is not exclusive to the architect and MEP consultant. A successful project requires constructive ideas from civil engineers, landscape architects, architects, MEPs, commissioning agents, owners, contractors, and others.
Workshop three, conducted exclusively with developers, was quite enlightening. We found that many of these individuals had already worked on LEED projects, had experiences and challenges related to materials and construction methods, and also had good ideas on how to mitigate similar future scenarios for the next LEED project. We were learning from our students.
Thus, we concluded that the LEED program is not just about understanding the certification process and what is required to become a LEED AP, it is also all about forming teams of qualified specialists, each being a valuable contributing member to these often complex projects; it is about design integration and team synergy and taking valuable project experience to the next project. Now, when we sit down with our clients, we talk about project development and team formation at this level. Why wouldn’t an owner and a project benefit from having a core group of multi-disciplined professionals service their sustainable project from vision to realty? This kind of team includes a specialized civil engineer and is not limited to the Atlanta regional market. Why wouldn’t good teams work across markets, regions, and states? The fact is, barring professional registration requirements and some logistics, the concept merits serious consideration. The fact that your clients offer you a different seat at the table lends itself to having this discussion with them.
Our experience has been that with knowledge and credibility established in sustainable design, nearly all of our clients find the topic to have merit and be worthy of further discussion. Some have indicated that they further agree with our perspective and see this as the new trend in forming AEC work relationships for projects. Although our firm had a respectable history of LEED projects, now more than half of our projects are planned for certification, and this percentage is increasing. We have also become design partners at the LEED project table.
We see this as transformational for civil engineering because new teaming strategies will cross state boundaries to wherever the project opportunity exists. In fact, the architectural firm that asked us a couple years ago, “How green are you?” selected our firm as civil engineer and surveyor for a large notable project for the Department of Homeland Security, slated for construction in Kansas.
We recently launched a sustainable business division for our firm, known as GreenPoint US. We are focused on introductory training on sustainability, continued exam preparation for the new LEED 2009, and continuing education required to maintain accreditation. Our intent is to offer these services across the country.
Additionally, the firm continues to look at its own business processes in resource use and recycling and in obtaining LEED for Existing Buildings certification for our own office building. We expect to use the techniques applied as instruction for students and clients. It’s an exciting idea.
Our transformation as a firm has been an amazing and rewarding process. Today, all of our design professionals (EITs, P.E.s, environmental scientists, and landscape architects) are LEED APs. We find ourselves at the top of the lists for potential LEED projects; we are often the first choice on client proposal opportunities, and our client outreach has expanded with new partners and projects.
Based on what we have experienced during the last year, we have a thoughtful optimism for the near future. We have come to believe that change in the market can be a good thing if we are willing to look for the new opportunities and commit to changing ourselves to meet them.
Changes in LEED 2009 (v3)
Scott A. Ward, P.E., MBA, LEED AP, is vice president and principal for Norcross, Ga.-based GreenPoint US and Travis Pruitt & Associates (TPA), engineers, surveyors, environmental scientists, and landscape architects. For more information, visit www.greenpointus.com or www.travispruitt.com
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NASA and Microsoft released an interactive, 3-D photographic collection Monday of the space shuttle Endeavour preparing for its upcoming mission to the International Space Station.
The photographs, for the first time, present an opportunity for people around the world to hundreds of high resolution photographs of Endeavour, Launch Pad 39A, and the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center in a unique 3-D viewer. NASA said.
The imaging technology, developed by NASA and Microsoft's Live Labs team, is called Photosynth. Using a click-and-drag interface, viewers can zoom in to see details of the shuttle booster rockets or zoom out for a more global view of the launch facility.
"This collaboration with Microsoft gives the public a new way to explore and participate in America's space program," said William Gerstenmaier, NASA's associate administrator for space operations. "We're also looking into using this new technology to support future missions."
The NASA images are available at http://labs.live.com.
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Domain registration and website hosting services are a necessary component of your website design process.
Once your new website has been launched, the bulk of the costs associated with a new website design are over.
However, there are two fees that you must continue to pay in order to keep your new website live and accessible on the internet.
Before we get into the difference between the two, let’s start off with some definitions.
What is a Domain?
This is also called your url and is the name you registered that usually starts with www. and ends with .com or .ca .
Some companies have more than one domain name registered so as to have ownership over specific niches as well as their company name.
What is Domain registration?
The purchase of your domain name is also called domain registration and can be done through providers, or domain registrars like godaddy.com or webnames.ca and are generally for the period of one year.
This means each year you must renew your domain name each year in order for you to maintain ownership. This is typically a nominal fee of under $40 per year.
What is Website and email hosting?
Simply put, website and email hosting is essentially renting server space online for your website files to live.
In addition to the actual space, a host will provide band with, or data transfer services.
Your website files are stored on a server and whenever someone types in your website address, these files are sent to that user’s computer over the internet, using bandwidth.
The same goes for email associated with your domain name.
When someone emails you at email@example.com files are sent over the internet to that user’s computer.
The service that sends those files is your website and email hosting service.
It requires a lot of hardware and expertise to provide reliable web hosting services.
A good web host will actively update their servers to guard against spam, viruses and hacks. These are just some of the things happening behind the scenes at your website hosting provider, but they are very important ones.
You must continue your website and email hosting services for your website and emails to remain functional.
We are an authorized reseller for rackspace email and website hosting, and as such can guarantee 99% uptime.
ProTip: We recommend that your website and email hosting provider be the same as your web design provider.
3 reasons why to source your web hosting and web development services from the same company:
1. If your website goes down or breaks, it’s just one call to one company. This saves you time and headaches when you just need it fixed.
2. Your website design may require very specific server configuration in order for it to function. Not all web hosting companies offer support of all technologies which will cause delays in your web design project, and may result in additional fees.
3. You don’t know what you don’t know about website hosting.
Your website developer will have the technical expertise and experience to recommend a hosting company with a solid reputation combined with great support and an infrastructure big enough to not disappear into the night.
Most of the time you’ll rely on your web developer to communicate with the web host on your behalf, so it’s important to consider your web developer’s recommendations for a web host, as they have a vested interest in keeping your web design online, functional and virus free.
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Q: My hard drive recently failed and I lost a lot of data, but my music is backed up on my iPod. If I plug my iPod back into my computer with the new hard drive and blank library, will it erase the music on my iPod, or will it repopulate the music library on my computer?
A: Several third-party tools will allow you to re-import all your music, both MP3s and files purchased from the iTunes Store, but I'd suggest importing that music back before you install iTunes. Otherwise, there is a chance that iTunes will recognize a setting stored on your iPod to automatically keep the iPod and your library synchronized — and your new library, being blank, will nuke the one on your iPod. If you had your iPod set to manually resync before, iTunes should prompt you before trying to copy over to the iPod, but if you're not sure, don't risk it.
Once the iPod is safely connected to your computer, Windows users have two options. If you have properly groomed ID3 tags (the metadata that describes each song's information, such as artist, album and track number), you can dig into the file structure on the iPod's "iPod_Control" directory and copy all the files out manually, then use iTunes to reimport and rebuild their file names from the ID3 information. (Be sure to select "Show Hidden Files and Folders" in Explorer settings.) If that sounds daunting, use one of the third-party tools available to reimport your music from the iPod to your computer, such as Anapod Explorer ($20 to $30).
On Macs, iTunes is part of the default install, so quickly kill the iTunes program by hitting Apple+Q as it loads when plugging in your iPod, or move iTunes out of the Applications folder temporarily.
To reimport your files, I suggest Senuti, which is both easy to use and free.
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The GCSB Bill has now been passed by Parliament.
Next up is the Telecommunications (Interception Capability and Security) Bill also know as the TICS Bill. This is an update of the Telecommunications (Interception Capability) Act (2004) that forced communications providers (ISPs, telcos, data networks, etc) to provide "lawful intercept" capabilities so that the Police, SIS and GCSB could access communications once they had a suitable warrant. The new bill expands and clarifies these requirements.
However, the addition of the word "security" is the key to what has changed. The new bill now gives the GCSB sweeping powers of oversight and control over the design, deployment and operation of all data and telecommunications networks run by network providers in New Zealand. The stated reasons are to both protect New Zealand's infrastructure and to ensure that surveillance agencies can spy on traffic when required. As part of this, the GCSB will have the power to stop network providers from reselling overseas services that do not provide these capabilities.
The bill has passed the first reading and is expected to be reported back from the Law & Order Select Committee on the 20th of September.
Tech Liberty articles
We've written about this bill and also made a written and oral submission to the Law and Order Select Committee. Here's a list of our articles in publication order:
- Govt proposes GCSB control over NZ communications in new TICS Bill
- Does the TICS Bill really give the GCSB control and oversight of NZ telecommunications?
- GCSB’s new powers for wide-spread spying on New Zealanders
- Will the GCSB ban Apple from New Zealand?
- Tech Liberty written submission
- Tech Liberty oral submission
Other articles worth reading
- Submissions to the Law & Order Select Committee.
- The NBR's Chris Keall writes about TICS's protectionist twist.
- Vikram Kumar writes about secret Ministerial orders.
- Vikram Kumar, disappointed by telco submissions, asks whether ISPs should be privacy crusaders.
- Vikram Kumar - The duty to assist.
- Vikram Kumar - Service provider's view of the TICS Bill jackboot.
- Human Rights Commission's Report to the Prime Minister re the GCSB and TICS Bills (PDF).
- Internet NZ's submission to the Law & Order Select Committee and their prepared remarks for the oral submission.
- Ian Apperly writes about the cost of the TICS Bill to NZ's IT industry.
- Ian Apperly - Why the TICS Bill could put NZ ICT companies out of business.
- Microsoft's submission warns that the TICS Bill is a threat to the industry and may lead to a withdrawal of services.
- Paul Brislen - intercept bill takes a cavalier approach to privacy.
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Even though you don’t own your own home you have personal property that can be lost to fires, burglaries and even lawsuits.
While most homeowners are insured for these risks, many renters are not. No one requires renters to buy insurance to protect their personal property, so many do not.
These are some of the types of losses for which your personal property is covered:
- Smoke, if sudden and accidental
- Sudden and accidental discharge of water or steam from plumbing, heating, or air-conditioning system, or household appliance
- Fire or lightning
- Windstorm or hail
- Loss of use
If you rent a home or a mobile home, you need special protection. Our plans can cover you from almost any kind of hazard. You can be protected against damage to the home or adjacent structures and your contents as well.
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Lancaster – Children in families dealing with domestic violence are getting a special gift this holiday season from a group at Ohio University Lancaster. The group "Yarncrafters for Lancaster" is donating 11 knitted bears to The Lighthouse Domestic Violence Shelter in Lancaster.
"Everybody in the group really liked the idea of knowing they were making something that would make a child very happy this holiday season," said Judy Carey Nevin. Carey Nevin, director of the Hannah V. McCauley Library, is one of the leaders of the group.
"Yarncrafters for Lancaster" is a group that started during Fall Semester 2012. About a dozen students, faculty and staff members meet over lunch breaks or during off hours to knit and crochet together. They teach members how to knit and make items to donate in the community. Scarves, ear warmers, hats, hand warmers, and blankets have been donated to local non-profit organizations in the past.
"One of our student leaders, junior Abby Achauer, came up with the idea to knit bears this semester," said Carey Nevin. "We used patterns that were basic enough for new knitters, but were still cute and cuddly. We met about twice a week and some members worked on them at home."
"I know that it made everyone in the group feel great to know that they were going to children who needed to know that someone was thinking about them," said Achauer. "When you get a homemade gift you know that the whole time the person was making it, they were thinking of you and that is special. So we hope our bears help those special children know that people care about them."
You do not have to be a seasoned crafter to join the group. Carey Nevin and others take the time to teach members how to crochet or knit. The group is still accepting new members.
"Students had a great time making the bears this semester," said Carey Nevin. "Since everyone had so much fun with it, I think we're going to keep making bears in the future."
"Yarncrafters for Lancaster" is working to become an official student organization on the Lancaster Campus. There are many organizations and clubs on campus that students can participate in depending on their interests. If you want to learn more about the group, contact Judy Carey Nevin at firstname.lastname@example.org or Christine Wolfe at email@example.com.
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"Here the air is as grainy as sandpaper. The skin is raw and rarified and anointed and abraded. Thought is heated to the vanishing point until logic is weak and life is brief as an insect's or briefer, the amount of blood sucked by hookworms in a single night in the jungle of cities equals more than a million bottles. There are mites that survive only in the rectum of a giant tortoise, worms that fit snugly in the quills of a single species of bird. Some butterflies have evolved so far they drink only the sap of one tree. But an angel is a parasite on grace."
- Agoraphobia -- a collection of essays by Carl Watson.
Pleased as porridge to hear of your recent ornithological pursuits, and hope to nest in your new orifice. Birdhouse: is that a Hitchcock thang, a Charlie Parker thang, a Lester Bangs riffing on Charlie Parker thang, or just some embarrasing Dada mask that you pull out to amuse yourself at lame parties? On the other hand, which is actually my right foot, why work so hard to make it signify when all it needs is an elemental beat, a conversant rhythm, and Maceo to take it to the bridge? I'll be the prowling cat at your birdhouse as long as you stay on the one and refuse to turn Jackson Pollock's soiled dropcloths into the latest raging fashion accessories. Rhythm now, form and meaning will take their shape when they're damn well ready.
-- Roger Moore
Confused yet? Too bad. Plus, birds are freaky. Birds are Max Ernst and Marcel Duchamp, Egyptian symbols of the journey to the afterlife, lunacy and accuracy embodied in feather. Birds locomote in winged chariots, live and die by the worm, mystical composers willing to hang loose wherever they land. Birds are irreverent squatters, treading light and squawking heavy, making nests from found objects.
Indeed dialectical critical realism may be seen under the aspect of Foucauldian strategic reversal--of the unholy trinity of Parmenidean/Platonic/Aristotelean provenance; of the Cartesian-Lockean-Humean-Kantian paradigm, of foundationalisms (in practice, fideistic foundationalisms) and irrationalisms (in practice, capricious exercises of the will-to-power or some other ideologically and/or psycho-somatically buried source) new and old alike; of the primordial failing of western philosophy, ontological monovalence, and its close ally, the epistemic fallacy with its ontic dual; of the analytic problematic laid down by Plato, which Hegel served only to replicate in his actualist monovalent analytic reinstatement in transfigurative reconciling dialectical connection, while in his hubristic claims for absolute idealism he inaugurated the Comtean, Kierkegaardian and Nietzschean eclipses of reason, replicating the fundaments of positivism through its transmutation route to the superidealism of a Baudrillard."
-- Roy Bhaskar's "Plato etc: The Problems of Philosophy and Their Resolution" (Verso, 1994):
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Ferran via Flickr
St. Cloud State University student Jack Lofgren states why he thinks a student referendum on campus smoking is bogus — and unfair:
The Administration said it won’t matter which way the students vote, according to SCSU’s own press release: “Regardless of student feedback, the (smoking) Task Force’s proposal will stay the same.”
The “referendum” only exists to give students the illusion of democracy. … And why is it that Potter and SCSU’s bureaucracy wants a smoking ban so badly as to disregard the will of the student body, many of whom smoke?
Money. SCSU will receive a grant from MNSCU if our campus becomes smoke-free. So Potter and the Administration care more about making money for the university than the quality of life for students.
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If you want to know about the problems facing public schools, here’s a hint: Just listen to what public school defenders warn could happen as a result of school choice. It turns out that their criticisms reflect problems inherent in public schools.
Among the many charges made against school choice are (1) that school choice, and vouchers in particular, lead to “segregation” of schools; (2) that self-interested parties will run fly-by-night “voucher schools” that don’t educate children; and (3) that school choice programs are not accountable to taxpayers.
First, does school choice lead to segregation? Leon Russell of the Florida branch of the NAACP says so: “Vouchers encourage segregation.” Former North Carolina governor James Hunt has claimed that vouchers create a “separate and unequal system.” NAACP president Kweisi Mfume warns that vouchers could “allow our nation’s schools to be divided once again by skin color.” David Berliner of Arizona State University has dramatically claimed, “Voucher programs would allow for splintering along racial and ethnic lines. Voucher programs could end up resembling the ethnic cleansing occurring in Kosovo.”
Segregation? Schools divided by skin color? A separate but unequal system? That certainly sounds like the public school system. The Civil Rights Project at Harvard’s Graduate School of Education has found that 70 percent of the nation’s black students now attend predominately minority public schools, with 36 percent of the nation’s black students attending schools with a minority enrollment of 90-100 percent. Researcher Jay Greene found in a national study that 55 percent of children in public schools attended classes where 90 percent of students came from a single ethnic group. In comparison, 41 percent of private school students attended schools with similar conditions. The alleged “resegregation” caused by school choice is occurring in places where vouchers are still just a rumor.
A second common allegation is that school choice programs would allow “anyone” to open “instant” or “fly-by-night” schools. Most recently, in a union-paid advertisement in national newspapers, Bob Chase of the nation’s largest union for teachers wrote that the prospect of such schools opening makes him “shudder.” Yet, he won’t shudder for the next two months as numerous public schools across the country hand out fraudulent diplomas.
The difference between fly-by-night public schools and fly-by-night private schools is that fly-by-night private schools are accurately described—they truly “fly away” when they lose their customers. But fly-by-night public schools stubbornly continue trying to fly, even when it turns out they are ostriches.
Education in America needs more competition, and that means inviting in as many competitors as possible. Like any human endeavor, some schools will fail. Many public schools have been failing for decades, if not longer, but that became relevant to unions only when it appeared they would lose power over them.
For school choice opponents, alternatives to public schools lead to a third charge: school choice programs supposedly are not accountable to taxpayers. Skeptics often make this point about what could happen with school choice, but they don’t address the lack of accountability of public schools today. Public schools, by their very name, sound like they are accountable to taxpayers. But in practice accountability in public schools often means telling parents to sit tight while educators get their excuses organized.
One way to make schools accountable is to treat them like any enterprise providing a service: allow customers the option to leave, without having to get permission from parties with a vested interest. Schools would be much more accountable to parents armed with a voucher or a tuition tax credit they could use at any school, public, private, or even a homeschool taught by parents or freelance teachers.
Regardless of what school choice critics say in their union paid ads, there cannot be true accountability without competition. All private schools won’t be perfect, but then, are school choice critics ready to hold the public schools to the same standard?
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With the Point Light command, the light source that provides point lighting is defined. Light color, color and power can be changed.
Location of the Point Light Command
You can access it under the ribbon menu Rendering tab, Light - Camera title.
Click the Point Light icon in the ribbon menu.
Click the point where you want to place the point light in the drawing area with the left mouse button.
Point light will be generated.
Determining the point where the point light will be placed
The formation of point light
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Margaret Fuller: A New American Life
Publisher Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publication Date 2013-03-12
Section New Hardcover - Biography
From an early age, Margaret Fuller provoked and dazzled New England’s intellectual elite. Her famous Conversations changed women’s sense of how they could think and live; her editorship of the Transcendentalist literary journal The Dial shaped American Romanticism. Now, Megan Marshall, whose acclaimed The Peabody Sisters “discovered” three fascinating women, has done it again: no biography of Fuller has made her ideas so alive or her life so moving.
Marshall tells the story of how Fuller, tired of Boston, accepted Horace Greeley’s offer to be the New York Tribune’s front-page columnist. The move unleashed a crusading concern for the urban poor and the plight of prostitutes, and a late-in-life hunger for passionate experience. In Italy as a foreign correspondent, Fuller took a secret lover, a young officer in the Roman Guard; she wrote dispatches on the brutal 1849 Siege of Rome; and she gave birth to a son. Yet, when all three died in a shipwreck off Fire Island shortly after Fuller’s fortieth birthday, the sense and passion of her life’s work were eclipsed by tragedy and scandal. Marshall’s inspired account brings an American heroine back to indelible life.
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Exploring Colonial Mexico©
We have looked before at examples of "folk baroque" architecture and decoration in Mexico, notably in the state of Puebla, a region long noted for its decorative use of brightly colored tile and painted stucco (see our pages on Atlixco and Quecholac).
On a recent trip to southern Morelos and southwestern Puebla (see map), we had a chance to explore another group of extraordinary churches, whose dazzling facades of sculpted and painted stucco reliefs present colorful variations of the 18th century barroco poblano style.
The best known of these churches is the Santuario de Tepalcingo, in the state of Morelos, whose complex temple front was clearly a model for other churches in the area, notably that at Jolalpan, located some 50 kms to the south in Puebla state.
Along the axis between these two temples is a group of smaller village churches, undoubtedly inspired by Tepalcingo, whose "retablo" facades are exuberantly ornamented in a more rustic but extravagantly colorful style. These include Chalcatzingo (Morelos), and the striking churches in the neighboring Pueblan villages of Tlancualpican and Tzicatlán.
The Santuario was built between 1759 and 1782 to house the miraculous image of Jesus the Nazarene, or El Señor de Las Tres Caidas, whose cult was attracting increasingly large numbers of pilgrims from across the region. The retablo facade is a masterpiece of the barroco poblano style, possibly executed by stucco craftsmen from Puebla, although it is quite unlike any church in that city. Like the others in this group, the Santuario facade has been brightly painted in contrasting colors from time to time, although not at the present
The facade recounts the Christian story: the fall and redemption of man through the Life and Passion of Christ - illustrated in a series of expressive tableaux and reliefs that feature a myriad of biblical figures and events. The tableau of the Last Supper above the doorway is especially animated.
In the classic mode of the popular baroque, these detailed and formerly colorfully painted sculptures are densely framed by a variety of ornamental columns, friezes, archways and niches, decorated using an eclectic late baroque vocabulary of angels, swags, leafy spirals and scrolls.
(Full explication and analysis of the complex iconography of Jolalpan can be found in the masterly monograph Tepalcingo by the Mexican researcher Constantino Reyes-Valerio)
Santuario de Tepalcingo >
Chalcatzingo is best known for its ancient pre-conquest site. But the village church here, which faces a quiet, tree-shaded zocalo, has a primitive charm. The church front is the most elemental of the group, currently painted brown with the columns, cornices and statuary boldly accented in white.
The columns are extremely plain, incised with minimal spirals on the upper tier, and are headed with clumsy, outsize capitals. The various saints and archangels are rendered in a rustic tequitqui style of flat, undercut relief that harks back to the 16th century.
This sunbaked village lies just inside the Puebla state line, some 25 kms southeast of Tepalcingo. The village church here, also of Jesus the Nazarene, is currently painted in gaudy blues, greens and reds. The retablo-facade is divided by spiral half columns draped with leafy stucco tendrils and the numerous sculpture niches are framed by drawn stucco curtains.
Colorful statues of bearded saints fill the niches and reliefs of archangels flank the niche of the Virgin on the upper level. The most notable figure is the stucco relief of Jesus the Nazarene above the doorway, the rope around his neck held by a soldier in the spandrel. Intricate stucco ornament above the niches and along the friezes is picked out in bright colors.
Tzicatlán is a rural village in the tierra caliente of extreme southwestern Puebla state, whose parish church of San Lucás has to be one of the most striking examples of the popular Pueblan baroque.
Beside Tzicatlán, Tlancualpican seems almost austere. The extraordinary retablo facade is a classic statement of horror vacui - every inch encrusted with ornament. As at Tlancualpican, the church front has been repainted in a palette of eye-popping colors, its numerous relief sculptures highlighted in bright hues against a backdrop of lacy white stucco ornament. Columns, capitals, cornices and friezes are all densely embroidered - the only appropriate word - with vines, scrollwork and floral decoration. The local masons may have seen and been inspired by the spectacular Jesuit church of La Compañía in Puebla, completed in 1767 - the year of the Jesuit expulsion from Mexico.
angels, cherubs and archangels proliferate across all three tiers
of the facade, some ensconced in elaborately draped niches, others
clinging to the columns, arrayed around the door and window openings,
or emerging unexpectedly from the capitals and friezes. Notable
among the abundant figure sculptures are Jesus the Nazarene, perched
above the entry as at Tlancualpican, here flanked by harp-toting
angels. St Luke sits in triumph in the uppermost niche, his ox
at his feet and martyrs on either side.
The most remote of the group, the facade of Santa Maria Jolalpan is closest to that of Tepalcingo, especially in its inspired variety of richly decorated pilasters and columns: neo-Plateresque with basketweave decoration; bulbous estípites with caryatids; entwined Solomonic shafts like those at Tepalcingo; even neo-Egyptian!. Like the other village churches, Jolalpan is brilliantly colored, its stucco reliefs freshly painted in eye-catching shades of blue, burgundy and yellow ochre.
As at Tepalcingo, the abundant statuary and carved stucco figures in the facade relate biblical events to the history and hierarchy of the Catholic Church, its founding fathers and saints. Adam and Eve are found here, together with the Doctors of the Church, The Four Evangelists, leading Apostles and the founders of the religious Orders.
In the extraordinary crowning pediment (top), the blue-robed image of the Virgin Mary is framed by rays of the sun and prominently displayed in a curtained niche whose drapes are held aside by kneeling friars (St. Francis & St. Dominic). Flanking reliefs of the sun, moon and stars are surmounted by busts of Adam and Eve with prominent speech scrolls. At the apex is an unusual tableau of the Trinity that features a relief of Christ Crucified. Radiating around the gable are four outsize archangels with windblown skirts, bearing the Instruments of The Passion.
A joyous orchestra of musical angels processes along the cornice below the pediment, playing trumpets, guitars and violins. (Detailed documentation and analysis of the iconography of Jolalpan is discussed by Reyes-Valerio in his Trilogia Barroca)
Templo de Santa Maria Jolalpan (© Felipe Falcón 1998) >
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Law Enforcement Commission Accreditation
The Accreditation Process is an on going and changing process to better enhance the way the police department sets its goals and objectives. The benefits to the community where the Agency is accredited are as follows:
- Accreditation increases the law enforcement agency’s ability to prevent and control crime through more effective and efficient delivery of law enforcement services to the community it serves.
- Accreditation enhances community understanding of the law enforcement agency and its role in the community as well as its goals and objectives. Citizen confidence in the policies and practices of the agency is increased.
- Accreditation, in conjunction with the philosophy of community policing, commits the agency to a broad range of programs (such as crime prevention) that directly benefit the public.
- Accreditation creates a forum in which police and citizens work together to control and prevent crime.
This partnership will help citizens to understand the challenges that confront law enforcement. Law enforcement will, in turn, receive clear direction from the community about its expectations. Thus, a common set of goals and objectives will be arrived at and implemented.
The benefits include the following:
- Increases cooperation and coordination with other law enforcement agencies and other branches of the criminal justice system.
- The accreditation process requires an in-depth review of every aspect of the agency’s organization, management, operations, and administration to include:
- Establishment of agency goals and objectives with provisions for periodic updating;
- Re-evaluation of whether agency resources are being used in accordance with agency goals, objectives, and mission;
- Re-evaluation of agency policies and procedures, especially as documented in the agency’s written directive system; Correction of internal deficiencies and inefficiencies before they become public problems.
The accreditation standards provide norms against which agency performance can be measured and monitored over time.
- Accreditation provides the agency with a continuous flow of Commission distributed information about exemplary policies, procedures, and projects.
- Accreditation provides objective measures to justify decisions related to budget requests and personnel policies.
- Accreditation serves as a yardstick to measure the effectiveness of the agency’s programs and services. The services provided are defined, and uniformity of service is assured.
- Accreditation streamlines operations, providing more consistency and more effective deployment of agency manpower.
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The Tree Editor is a feature of nXt which allows you to create definitions for Fractal Trees, save them as .ArPlant files and then use them as plants in nXt.
It uses the nXt Tree Editor to create custom trees, stores a 2D representation of the tree in SketchUp and renders it as a full, fractal, 3D Tree.
Mapping to IRender nXt Plant
After creating an ArPlant in the Tree Editor and saving it, you can map it to a Revit Family.
Changes effective with Build 330
- Certain trees may not scale properly when using the "Randomize" feature.
Changes & Features
- The UI for Complex plant type has been reworked to make it more understandable. I'm still working in this area so I haven't yet sent the changes out to be translated for non-english users. Some english may be present in the foreign languages versions, and some labels may not make a lot of sense in these versions.
- The default Complex plant type looks more like a tree. Much easier to work with.
- The render engine for the Tree Editor has been switched to the Hybrid Engine for performance reasons.
- The OpenGL display should be more responsive.
- Added a persistent Units setting. You can now choose between Imperial and Metric. Overall plant dimensions are given in feet or meters. Leaf and flower dimensions are given in inches or millimeters.
- Display and controls can now be sized independently.
See: Tree Editor Changes
Tree Editor usage
There are four tree types - Standard, Conifer, Broad Crown, Palm and Complex
(Do not use Groundcover with RpTreeMaker).
Each has different setting on the tabs of the tree editor.
Play with the various settings to see what they do.
Change the Parameters and see the results at the left.
Foliage and Flowers
You can click on the leaf image to select a different image.
You can also add an image to be used as flowers or fruit
Leaf and Flower Images
You can select new leaves, trunk, etc. by clicking on the image.
You can also add your own leaves and bark to the Plant Image folder and use them for your custom trees.
Click 'Start' on the RayTrace drop down menu to see a sample rendering of the tree with foliage.
Use the mouse and scroll-wheel to on the image to set a new view before starting rendering if desired.
For IRender nXt users, the RpTreeMaker tree will automatically re-render as a full, fractal, 3D tree.
IRender nXt users should make their tree images at the lowest resolution to save time and keep the SketchUp model fast and small. After the tree is re-rendered the original image resolution will not effect the final image.
The 2D Trees will work properly with SketchUp, including shadows, and most other rendering packages. Users of rendering some other products have discovered that they need to explode the tree component, explode the image entity into a face, and remake to tree component in order to get the tree to render properly.
There is a Settings menu which lets you set:
- Background mode while rendering (this had nothing to do with the final image, but the HDRi setting gives you some sense of how the HDRi illumination works - If turn it on you will see that the tree is illuminated in a forest with the sun shining from behind on the left)
- default Illumination of the image. -(Smaller numbers make the image brighter)
- HDRi sky rotation for illumination. (55 degrees leaves the tree half in light and half in shadow)
Note: If your alpha transparent images do not display well in SketchUp, you can adjust the quality (vs speed) of Alpha Image display.
- Set it to 'nicer' for the best tree display.
- The Tree Editor allows you to choose from four types of trees (more coming soon.)
- .ArPlant files can be saved and loaded in the editor.
- .ArPlant files can be loaded into SketchUp for rendering.
Some Limitations on Trees (still numerous)
- Shrubs may be difficult to do in the current interface.
- We don’t have templates for things like Herbaceous Plants yet.
- You can’t change anything about the trees at the moment.
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This is the Solo Stove. It is a natural convection inverted down gas gasifier stove. This comes packed in this box. Something I like immediately is that it comes in this mesh container. Something else I really like about this stove is that it fits exactly inside my 42-ounce enamelware cup. According to the website, these vents cause the airflow in here, which in turn, makes it flow out there. This should make this a really hot area there. This part right here is your grid or your whatever you put on top, whatever you want to call that. It's got three legs on it. Something I've noticed, it fits really well with something like this.
The idea is to use biofuel in this backpacking stove, so I'm going to go out here in this pine forest floor, and there's some various forest debris around here. I'm going to pick up a couple handfuls of this. Here's what I ended up with. It's just a standard handful of twigs, sticks and other stuff like that. It's not very good wood. Typically, it wouldn't burn that long.
Here's our setup. I've got a cotton ball with Vaseline in here for a fire starter, and that's the wood I'm going to use. Let me see if I can get this to go. That much of it's working fine. I come in now and let's see how this thing works as far as getting it to burn. These type twigs would be a challenge anywhere, just because they're probably mostly damp. I picked them up off the floor of the forest. We're about 30 seconds into the burn. If you've noticed, this flame is burning really clean and it shouldn't, because these are pine and they're wet or damp. I think it's about time to put the top on this thing, so I'm going to shove those little sticks down a little bit and I'm going to put this on top. I'm going to leave this open so I can feed it from this side.
Now, to make the test even better, I'm going to take that blue cup you saw before. It's got about 20 ounces of water in there. Let's stick that on top, and let's see what it takes to make this thing boil. We've got a rolling boil now, just about. The amount of fuel it took to get here is incredibly small. You saw that handful I had before. That's what's left. I don't think I used a third of it. There are also some deliberate disadvantages I put in here. One is that I didn't put a top on that cup, which would have made the boiling time shorter. Also, we're in the wind here, if you see the flames moving around. So it's not an ideal situation, and that's kind of what I had in mind.
I took the water off the stove. This is what's left. You saw the fire and the flames. This is a serious batch of coals right in here. I'm just going to let it go and we're going to check back a little later to see how clean it burns. It's been between about five and ten minutes since I took the water off this stove. If you look down there closely, you can see that the coals are dying out very rapidly. If you were in a hurry, you could knock this out on the ground, cover the coals with dirt, and the stove would cool very rapidly. Then you'd be ready to take off and enjoy the rest of your trip.
I think there's a lot to be said about this stove. To start with, you're not using fossil fuels. You're picking up the litter from the forest and using it to cook with. Second, if you're out backpacking, about all you need, realistically speaking, is boiling water so you can rehydrate your meals. You're not looking for something that's going to be a long-term simmering thing, though I think you probably could use it for this. I believe this Solo Stove is a keeper.
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Winter safety message: Keep looking when cooking
ALMOST 50% of house fires start in the kitchen, so when preparing a feast remember to keep looking when cooking.
The CSIRO Fire Sciences Laboratories recently discovered fire fighters respond to about 1,230 house fires between June and September each year - an average of 102 a week - and almost half of those start in the kitchen.
Minister for Emergency Services David Elliott said it took only three minutes for a kitchen fire to start and only seconds to prevent.
New data from GIO reveals the average insurance claim after a house fire in NSW is $51,000.
To reduce the risk of a home fire during winter, keep looking when cooking, ensure items are kept at least one metre from heaters, do not overload power points, and don't leave open flame materials, such as cigarettes and candles, unattended.
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Revelations of the extent of the National Security Agency's (NSA) spy programs were an ongoing story during 2013, creating rifts between politically-aligned nations and creating a mess for diplomats around the globe. The situation doesn't look to be dying down any time soon, though, and now even some unlikely companies are having to deny cooperation with the NSA.
Rovio, the Finnish video game developer behind the popular Angry Birds series, this week released an official statement denying any involvement with the NSA. The company's games were mentioned in recently leaked documents as a target for the NSA's data collection programs.
Rovio insists that it does not "share data, collaborate, or collude" with any spy agency, including the NSA and the GCHQ. However, the company does admit that Angry Birds user data may have been collected through third-party advertising networks. The NSA may have been able to access this information through such ad networks, though Rovio's policy is to forbid ad networks from sharing user data.
“Our fans’ trust is the most important thing for us and we take privacy extremely seriously," said Mikael Hed, CEO of Rovio. We do not collaborate, collude, or share data with spy agencies anywhere in the world. As the alleged surveillance might be happening through third party advertising networks, the most important conversation to be had is how to ensure user privacy is protected while preventing the negative impact on the whole advertising industry and the countless mobile apps that rely on ad networks. In order to protect our end users, we will, like all other companies using third party advertising networks, have to re-evaluate working with these networks if they are being used for spying purposes."
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More than 5,300 people work in and around the airport and each one, from pilots to aircraft engineers and cabin crew to security guards, will be encouraged to pick up one of the reusable bottles.
Pupils from a Glasgow primary school, known nationwide as anti-plastic campaigners the Sunnyside Ocean Defenders, visited the airport to help hand out the branded bottles.
Kirsty Webster, Glasgow Airport’s Sustainability Assurance Manager, said: “There’s a heightened awareness of single use plastics and the devastating effects they are having on our environment and oceans.
“As a responsible business we are committed to reducing our environmental impact. We do this by offering a number of re-usable solutions as part of our own drive to reduce single-use plastics across the airport.
“Many of our catering outlets within the terminal have already moved away from the use of plastic straws and we are keen to keep pushing this forward.
“The introduction of the reusable bottles builds on the other waste management initiatives we already have in place, including the provision of free water refill stations in the airport. Our retailers will also fill up water bottles on request.”
The Sunnyside Ocean Defenders have made the headlines nationwide through their ‘#NaeStrawAtAw’ campaign. The pupils were invited to the airport back in May last year to spread their message and highlight the many alternatives to plastic straws to our caterers, staff and passengers.
“The Sunnyside Ocean Defenders’ visit last year was really popular and I’m a huge fan of their campaign, so I was thrilled they were able to come back in again to help hand out the reusable bottles and reinforce the message,” Kirsty added.
In 2014, Glasgow Airport formed an action group involving all retailers to develop a Charter which became known as ‘Keep It Clean Behind the Scenes’. Through the Charter, more than 600 retail staff from over 30 businesses receive regular training on how to manage waste effectively and increase recycling.
Lisa Perrie, Principal Teacher at Sunnyside Primary School, said: “The children were really excited about coming back to help support this campaign. Kirsty and the airport team deserve real credit for making what is a significant commitment to fund the introduction of more than 5000 reusable bottles for staff. It sends a powerful message that we can each take steps to help to cut down on single-use plastic.”
A single plastic bottle will take 450 years to degrade. According to Zero Waste Scotland, approximately 15,000 tonnes of plastic bottles are currently sent to landfill each year across the country.
Jill Farrell, Chief Operating Officer, Zero Waste Scotland said: “Single-use plastic bottles are one of the most recognisable symbols of the throwaway culture we live in. We applaud Glasgow Airport’s decision to hand out re-usable water bottles as these will give their staff the joy of using them again and again, while saving single-use plastic bottles from ending up in the landfill.
“If we are serious about putting an end to single-use plastic pollution, then we must find sustainable alternatives, such as re-usable water bottles, and recycle as much as we can. Eco-friendly alternatives such as these not only help to protect the environment, but also save consumers money.”
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The large ever green shrub or tree of Japanese medlar, or also called loquat, is a very common fruit tree in Italy. Its yellow fruits look like small peaches, the taste is a mixture between apple and pear. It is a very juicy fruit and best fresh from the plant.
You find them in nearly every garden in Italy, or at least in the south. It is a very popular fruit tree here and the Italians are eating the fruit straight from the tree. I never liked them very much, but maybe because the fruit were offered to me only when very ripe. And I don’t like ripe fruits as they are very often too sweet for me.
The loquat is a plant of the rosaceae family. Japanese medlar is a misleading name as it is not part of the genus Mespilus, though in Germany it is called Mispel (japanische Wollmispel). It Italy you will find it under the name nespolo.
The shrub like tree has dark green leaves, very big, long and hard ones. The fruits grow in clusters. They have a few stones, which are a little soft and I think beautiful. The fruit is refreshing and juicy. The skin a little harder and can be eaten or just left.
The plant comes from Asia, China mainly, but today it is home nearly in all over the world. In Europe maybe since the 19th century. The white flowers appear in late autumn/fall into winter, the fruits only half a year later. Vitamin A, B6, potassium and manganese are the main nutrition values.
Like I mentioned above I didn’t like them very much. But I have the habit trying sporadically what I don’t like very much. Sometimes it’s a dish just prepared differently or maybe another status of ripeness that makes the significant difference to me. And when a friend gave me some picked straight from the tree I thought they have a perfect taste: refreshing, lightly sour and very juicy. I ended up to pick them everywhere I could find them and prepare nespole juice.
Chutneys are also very common, like jam or jelly. They are also used as a natural sweetener. One of the most popular alcoholic drinks in Italy is the Nespolino, made with the seeds of the fruits. In Sicily you can find nespole honey.
I decided for myself that I like the fruit. This year I made several bottles of yellow-orange juice I will enjoy this winter. Next year maybe I will also try some jam and chutneys. About juicing I will write a separate article.
Do you know this fruit? Do you have a shrub/tree in your garden and maybe thought it is only ornamental? Try them, they are really a wonderful surprise!
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On July 19, 2007, Google reported earnings that were lower than what analysts had expected, and the tech company's stock price dropped 5% but Raj Rajaratnam made $9 million. Allegedly, the New York hedge-fund manager had gotten a tip that Google's earnings would be below expectations, so he was prepared with short positions and put options that would become more valuable as the stock price fell. The alleged source of the tip: an employee at an investor-relations firm that helped Google announce its earnings who wanted to be paid for similar informational gems in the future.
If you didn't already feel like a financial ingenue in the wake of last year's Wall Street meltdown and Bernie Madoff's massive Ponzi scheme, maybe the government's latest insider-trading case will help put you over the top. Federal prosecutors have charged six people with conspiracy and securities fraud in a series of insider trades that allegedly netted more than $25 million in illegal profits. The defendants include higher-ups at two hedge funds as well as executives at Intel, IBM and the consulting firm McKinsey. Rajaratnam was arrested with the others on Oct. 16, but he promptly paid the $100 million bail so that he could return to work on Monday.
The case is being billed as the largest hedge fund insider-trading case in history its importance underscored by the fact that the feds got a wiretap to collect evidence, a technique normally reserved for drug busts and organized crime. "This is a monumental step for the government," says Stetson University law professor Ellen Podgor. "This is not the typical way you do a white-collar case."
At issue are a number of purported information leaks, which if the allegations are proven true fall into a truly special category of brazenness. For example: a Moody's bond-rating analyst sharing privileged information that the private-equity firm Blackstone was about to buy Hilton Hotels. A senior vice president at IBM handing over details of Sun Microsystems's financials, which he had access to only because IBM was contemplating buying Sun. A managing director of Intel passing along the company's revenue and profit numbers before they were publicly released and later asking his hedge-fund consort for a job with one of his "powerful friends."
Thanks to the FBI's wiretap, the complaints filed by the U.S. Attorney's Office (criminal) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (civil) contain some amazingly sordid snippets. In one, Rajaratnam and Danielle Chiesi, a portfolio manager at another hedge fund, apparently discuss how to avoid attracting the attention of regulators. In another, the two contemplate whether the senior vice president at IBM would be more valuable to them at a different firm. In a third, Chiesi, upon sharing non-public details about an upcoming reorganization of the microchip maker AMD, tells an alleged co-conspirator: "You put me in jail if you talk ... I'm dead if this leaks. I really am ... and my career is over. I'll be like Martha f______ Stewart." Both Rajaratnam and Chiesi have proclaimed their innocence.
The case is sending ripples throughout the world of hedge funds, a stratum of high finance that has thus far been largely untouched by the post-meltdown regulatory scrutiny and populist outrage directed at mainstream banks. "This case should be a wake-up call for Wall Street," U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said in announcing the charges. Indeed. While many hedge funds wouldn't know what to do with inside information if they tripped over it the strategy at quantitatively oriented shops often fixates on building better computer models plenty of others ply their trade by working the phones and calling up companies as well as competitors, suppliers, customers and former employees in an attempt to find out more than the next guy.
That's not to say that illegal insider trading is necessarily rampant among hedge funds. Considering that the typical fund was down by double digits in 2008 a year in which hundreds went belly up there's reason to believe that cheating (or at least competent cheating) isn't standard operating procedure.
The line, though, between legitimate information-gathering and illegal insider trading is hardly a clear one. Technically, no laws ban trading on non-public information; prosecutions are based on legal theories that were developed in earlier court cases. "It's one of those areas where the courts say, 'I know it when I see it,' " says Gerald Lefcourt, a white-collar criminal defense lawyer in New York and past president of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
The case law maintains that two main things must be established for an act to be illegal insider trading. First, the information in question must be material and non-public. Second, revealing or trading on the information must entail knowingly breaching a duty of "trust or confidence." This can be a fiduciary duty, which an officer of a company would have to a firm's shareholders (perhaps an Intel managing director), or as the Supreme Court has more recently found a lower-level employee who has a broader duty to not share, or personally benefit from, his firm's proprietary information (maybe a McKinsey consultant).
To successfully prosecute a person who receives insider information and then trades on it (such as a hedge-fund manager), the government must show that the person knew the information came from a breach of duty. In the case of Rajaratnam's alleged Google stock tip, he didn't talk to the source of the information directly but rather to a middleman informant. That middleman purportedly told Rajaratnam who the tipster was thus revealing the breach of duty. For that particular charge, that communication is key.
But the current case involves many charges all told, six defendants, nine companies whose securities were allegedly illegally traded and many more than that number of actual trades. And while one alleged instance of illegality conveniently included Chiesi comparing her situation to the most famous insider-trading case in recent memory (though Martha Stewart ultimately went to prison for obstruction of justice and making false statements, not insider trading), many of the other instances could be more open to interpretation. This is a big case, and it will take a long time to untangle it in court.
In the meantime, based on what prosecutors have said, there might be more on the way.
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Tidings of Great Joy
|Luke 2:10 And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy...||I Nephi 13:37
...and whoso shall publish peace, yea, tidings of great
Mosiah 3:3 ...I am come to declare unto you the glad tidings of great joy.
Alma 13:22 ...that they may have glad tidings of great joy...
Helaman 16:14 And angels did appear unto men, wise men, and did declare unto them glad tidings of great joy...
Thrust down to Hell
|Luke 10:15 And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted to heaven, shalt be thrust down to hell.||II Nephi 9:34
Wo unto the liar, for he shall be thrust down to hell.
II Nephi 9:36 Wo unto them who commit whoredoms, for they shall be thrust down to hell.
II Nephi 28:15 ...for they shall be thrust down to hell!
Ye shall all Perish
|Luke 13:3 I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.||II Nephi 30:1
...For behold, except ye shall keep the commandments of
God ye shall all likewise perish...
Alma 21:6 Thou also sayest, except we repent we shall perish...
Helaman 7:28 And except ye repent ye shall perish...
Moroni 8:16 ...for they shall perish except they repent...
Moroni 9:22 ...for I know that they must perish except they repent and return unto him.
The Fig Tree
|Luke 13:7,8 Then said he unto the dresser of his vineyard, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground? And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it...||Jacob 5:4
...I will prune it, and dig about it, and nourish it...
Jacob 5:9 ......that they may not cumber the ground of my vineyard.
Jacob 5:47 ...and I have digged about it, and I have pruned it, and I have dunged it...
Jacob 5:49 ...that they shall not cumber the ground of my vineyard...
Jacob 5:50 ...Spare it a little longer.
Jacob 5:64 Wherefore, dig about them, and prune them, and dung them once more...
Jacob 5:66 ...that they cumber not the ground of my vineyard...
Jacob 5:76 ...and pruned it, and dug about it, and dunged it...
The word 'cumber' is used four times in the Book of Mormon, three times in the phrase 'cumber the ground'. All four instances are found in Jacob 5. The word 'cumbered' also appears once in the Book of Mormon, in Jacob 5.
Sift you as Wheat
|Luke 22:31 ...behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat...||Alma 37:15
...and ye shall be delivered up unto Satan, that he may
sift you as chaff before the wind.
III Nephi 18:18 ...for Satan desireth to have you, that he may sift you as wheat.
The word 'sift' is used only twice in the Book of Mormon, both times with the word 'Satan'.
Other Quotations from Luke
|Luke 6:24 But woe unto you that are rich!...||II Nephi 9:30 But wo unto the rich...|
|Luke 7:9 ...I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel.||Alma 19:10 ...I say unto thee, woman, there has not been such great faith among all the people of the Nephites.|
|Luke 8:17 For nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest...||II Nephi 30:17 There is nothing which is secret save it shall be revealed; there is no work of darkness save it shall be made manifest in the light...|
|Luke 10:42 ...she hath chosen that good part...||II Nephi 2:30 ...and I have chosen the good part...|
|Luke 12:48 But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes...||II Nephi 28:8 ...and if it so be that we are guilty, God will beat us with a few stripes...|
|Luke 18:1 ...that men ought always to pray, and not to faint...||II Nephi 32:9 But behold, I say unto you that ye must pray always, and not faint...|
|Luke 18:16 ...Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.||III Nephi 9:22 Therefore, whoso repenteth and cometh unto me as a little child, him will I receive, for of such is the kingdom of God...|
|Luke 18:38 And he cried, saying, Jesus, thou son of David, have mercy on me.||Alma 36:18 ...I cried within my heart: O Jesus, thou Son of God, have mercy on me...|
The word 'stripes' (Luke 12:48, used in the archaic sense of a whipping) is used only twice in the Book of Mormon, once in II Nephi 28:8, and once in a quotation from Isaiah (Mosiah 14:5).
Contents Copyright 1997 Curt van den Heuvel
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