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Cleansing, also known as detoxification, refers to the process of removing toxins from the body. There are different types of cleansing, and each one has its own benefits and methods. Here are some of the most common types of cleansing: Juice Cleanse: A juice cleanse involves consuming only fresh juices made from fruits and vegetables for a specific period, usually a few days. This type of cleanse can help detoxify the body, improve digestion, and increase energy levels. Water Fasting: Water fasting involves consuming only water for a certain period, usually 24-72 hours or more. This type of cleanse can be challenging, but it can help cleanse the body of toxins and promote weight loss. Whole Food Cleanse: A whole food cleanse involves eating whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and healthy fats while eliminating processed and junk food. This type of cleanse can help improve overall health and wellness by promoting healthy eating habits. Colon Cleanse: A colon cleanse involves flushing out the colon with water or other substances to remove toxins and waste buildup. This type of cleanse can help improve digestive health, reduce bloating, and promote regular bowel movements. Liver Cleanse: A liver cleanse involves consuming foods and supplements that help detoxify the liver, the organ responsible for removing toxins from the body. This type of cleanse can help improve liver function and overall health. Sauna Detox: A sauna detox involves spending time in a sauna to sweat out toxins from the body. This type of detox can help improve circulation, relieve stress, and improve skin health. While there are many different types of cleansing available, the Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is an excellent option to consider for several reasons. Here are some reasons why the Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is a good option for cleansing: Gentle and Effective: The Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is designed to be gentle on the body while still effectively removing toxins. It contains a blend of natural ingredients, including milk thistle, dandelion, and turmeric, that help support the liver's natural detoxification process. Comprehensive Approach: The Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is a comprehensive approach to cleansing that involves a healthy diet, supplements, and lifestyle recommendations. The program includes a meal plan with nutrient-dense foods, probiotics, and digestive enzymes to support gut health. Convenient and Easy: The Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is easy to follow and does not require any complicated meal preparation or fasting. The program includes all the necessary supplements and instructions for a hassle-free experience. Trusted Brand: Shaklee is a well-respected and trusted brand with over 60 years of experience in producing high-quality supplements and health products. The Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is backed by science and research, ensuring that you are getting a safe and effective product. The Shaklee 7 Day Cleanse is an excellent option for those looking to cleanse their body gently and effectively. It provides a comprehensive approach to cleansing that is convenient, easy to follow, and backed by a trusted brand.	63,230
Super PACs are all the rage this election season, and one — with a particular focus and message — was recently formed in San Francisco with high hopes of helping re-elect President Barack Obama. The new groups are known as super political action committees. They were created in 2010 and can raise unlimited amounts of campaign funding for their political causes. Nationally, super PACs have recently garnered attention for negative campaign ads in Republican primaries in South Carolina and Illinois. But in San Francisco, two residents are hoping to use an untapped community to do positive campaigning. “We’re going to advocate, not bash anyone,” said Marcus Lovingood, founder of the Pride-LGBT super PAC. Lovingood, a gay man living in San Francisco, said the LGBT community is an untapped resource that could really make a difference in the November race. “The LGBT community is so incredibly strong,” he said. “If empowered more … I have the confidence the community will be engaged and work together on a larger scale.” The super PAC also will try to reach members of the LGBT community through online social media to encourage voter registration and grass-roots efforts across the country to help Obama’s re-election effort. To accomplish that, Lovingood has teamed up with Bay Area native Rose Dawydiak-Rapagnani to launch a social media initiative. “There are 146 million Facebook users in the U.S., which is about half of the population,” she said. “We have access to all these people through the touch of a button.” Dawydiak-Rapagnani and Lovingood both agree that Obama is the right candidate to support, as he’s “done more for the LGBT community in the past four years than any president in the past 25.” Both listed the repeal of “don’t ask, don’t tell” as a major breakthrough. The super PAC launched in February and has already raised $1,500. It also has more than 2,400 fans on Facebook. Organizers hope to raise $1 million by June. Comparatively, super PACs — which are not endorsed or organized by candidates — are rapidly growing. More than 400 groups had formed as of Tuesday, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Though super PACs can raise unlimited funds, they must report to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or quarterly basis.	76,218
Less than two and a half years after it came to power, the Bush administration, elected by fewer than half of the voters, has an impressive but depressing record. It has, in self-defense, declared one war—the war on terrorism—that has no end in sight. It has started, and won, two other wars. It has drastically changed the strategic doctrine and the diplomatic position of the United States, arguing that the nation’s previous positions were obsolete and that the US has enough power to do pretty much as it pleases. At home, as part of the war on terrorism, it has curbed civil liberties, the rights of refugees and asylum seekers, and the access of foreign students to US schools and universities. It holds in custody an unknown number of aliens and some Americans treated as “enemy combatants,” suspected but not indicted, whose access to hearings and lawyers has been denied. The Republican majority in both houses of Congress and the courts’ acceptance of the notion that the President’s war powers override all other concerns have given him effective control of all the branches of government. The administration’s nominees to the courts would consolidate its domination of the judiciary. The Justice Department is also supporting efforts to have the Supreme Court reverse its previous decisions on affirmative action and on women’s rights. The social programs that have softened the harshness of capitalism since the New Deal, inferior as they are to those of other liberal democracies, are threatened by the Republicans’ relentless war against the state’s welfare functions, their preference for voluntary over mandated solutions to health care, and for private over public schools. Large numbers of old, sick, or very young people, mainly among the poor, will be deprived of financial assistance as the result of administration policies. Those policies include the cuts that will result from the huge deficits caused by military expenditures and reduced taxes and revenues, and the gradual transfer of many welfare and educational costs to states that are broke, must balance their budgets, and receive little aid from the federal government. The political forces that many expected to question policies and express dissent have been remarkably meek and mute. The Democrats are reluctant to attack a popular president. Before the war against Iraq and during the war itself, the press and television gave Bush the benefit of the doubt, with chauvinistic support being offered under the guise of patriotism. Anyone who tunes into BBC radio and television can only be struck by the contrast in style and substance between its news programs and those on the American networks. (In no US newspaper or broadcast that I have seen has the French position on Iraq been accurately presented.1 ) It sometimes seemed that the press had become “embedded” not only in the fighting forces but in Washington officialdom itself. The US remains a liberal democracy, but those who have hoped for progressive policies at home and enlightened policies abroad may be forgiven if they have become deeply discouraged by a not-so-benign soft imperialism, by a fiscal and social policy that takes good care of the rich but shuns the poor on grounds of a far from “compassionate conservatism,” and by the conformism, both dictated by the administration and often spontaneous among the public, that Tocqueville observed 130 years ago. Some will say that it could have been worse; but a blunter form of domination might have resulted in sharper and more organized opposition. The administration has proceeded more stealthily. Welfare cuts can be blamed on the states. The lopsided tax cuts are misleadingly presented as benefiting us all. Shrinking environmental protection can be justified as a defense of the economy. Increased surveillance of citizens’ private activities and of aliens’ movements are said to be “required” by homeland security. A military budget equal to those of all other nations combined can be justified by the vulnerability of the US revealed on September 11, and by the proliferation of threats. Every decision or move can be defended in reassuring language. The public is invited both to take pride in America’s unique might and to worry about the perils that lurk everywhere. Indeed, a technique that the administration has used brilliantly is the manipulation of fear. Americans have been “shocked and awed” by September 11, and the President has found in this criminal act not just a rationale, hitherto missing, for his administration, but a lever he could use to increase his, and his country’s, power. All that was needed was, first, to proclaim that we were at war (something other societies attacked by terrorists have not done), second, to extend that war to states sheltering or aiding terrorist groups, and third, to allege connections between Islamist terrorists and “rogue states,” such as Iraq and Iran, engaged in efforts to obtain or build weapons of mass terror. When, a few days before the war on Iraq began, the President several times linked Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda at a press conference, not one of the sixteen journalists who asked questions about Iraq challenged him. The case against Iraq’s regime was at first based on stoking American fears about hidden weapons of mass destruction (while downplaying fears that North Korean nuclear bombs might provoke). When it became clear that Saddam Hussein’s ability to threaten American security had been much exaggerated since the weapons proved hard to find, and the possession by Iraq of nuclear weapons was effectively denied by the UN inspectors, the reason for the war was shifted to human rights and democracy. Another technique was a resort to Orwellian rhetoric. The President told Americans that the war was not a policy chosen among others, but a necessity imposed by Saddam. Nations that resisted the administration’s rush to war were presented as hostile for reasons of greed or of an incurable anti-Americanism. Colin Powell stated that Jacques Chirac had said that France wouldn’t go to war against Iraq “under any circumstances.” In fact, as Powell must have known, and as I have been told on very good authority, the French President had earmarked French forces for war if the inspectors, after a limited number of weeks and after having followed a series of “benchmarks” not dissimilar from those Tony Blair had demanded, concluded that Iraq did have forbidden weapons and could not be disarmed peacefully. French diplomacy could be faulted for not making its positions clearer; but Chirac’s statement referred only to the text of the second resolution drafted by the US and Britain for submission to the Security Council, and then withdrawn. On March 16, after the US turned down Chirac’s proposal to consider using force if the inspectors reached an impasse in Iraq in thirty days, he told Christiane Amanpour on 60 Minutes that if “our strategy, inspections, were failing, we would consider all the options, including war.” Equally Orwellian on the part of the US was the talk about “the coalition,” used even when a military move was made only by US forces. One aspect of the wrecking operation that the administration has undertaken is worth special attention—the destruction of some of the main schemes of cooperation that have been established since 1945 and are aimed at introducing some order and moderation into the jungle of traditional international conflicts. In order to remove Saddam Hussein from power before the weather became too hot, and to replace a policy of containment of Iraq that had, after 1991, worked reasonably well2 with the policy of preventive war projected in the National Secu-rity doctrine published in September 2002, the US did not hesitate to do the following. - It indicated bluntly that it might act unilaterally, on the basis of much earlier UN resolutions, which demanded proof of the destruction of weapons of mass destruction. Only pressure from Tony Blair led Bush to abandon this course, while Bush also made it clear that he distrusted UN inspectors. Resolution 1441, adopted unanimously in November after weeks of negotiations, was, not unexpectedly, sufficiently vague to allow both the Americans and the French to believe that they had prevailed. When, on British insistence, the US introduced in March a second resolution promising war despite the reports of the UN inspectors’ evidence of some progress toward compliance, the administration resorted to a crude display of threats and inducements aimed at obtaining the nine votes needed for the resolution to pass. When it became clear that those votes could not be secured and the text would be vetoed by France and Russia, the US withdrew it, went to war, denounced the UN as a failure comparable to the League of Nations, and made no effort to repair the breach: the UN had not been “with us,” and thus it was “against us.” - The US split NATO in order to isolate the French and the Germans, provoking both countries by asking for NATO military assistance to Turkey that the Turks themselves had not solicited. The US obtained this aid through the Military Committee of NATO, of which France is not a member. The US then left NATO—which had been so useful to the US in Kosovo—on the sidelines. - The US engaged, along with Blair, in an effort to divide the European Union by obtaining the signatures for a statement in support of the US by leaders of several longstanding members and most of the new Eastern European members. As a result, the attempt at shaping a common foreign and security policy for the EU, undertaken in 1998, collapsed.3 This disdain for international institutions, and adoption of a strategic doctrine that gives a prominent place to preemptive war in violation of the provisions of the UN Charter, along with the decision to go to war without the support of the Security Council required by the charter, are all part of a tough new policy of US predominance whose implications are extremely serious but remain largely unexamined.4 Defenders of Bush’s policy look at international organizations as unacceptable if they constrain US national interests. As for international law, it is seen as little more than words on paper, unless it is backed by force. For the Bush administration, functional institutions such as UNAID have their merits in dealing with technical needs; but the UN’s political institutions, far from providing justification for the resort to force according to the rules of the UN Charter, are seen as on trial and are usually found wanting.5 In the case of Iraq, the administration’s claims of the UN’s inadequacy were based on its failure, after 1991, to obtain Saddam Hussein’s disarmament, and its failure to act to prevent a terrible tyranny from committing vast crimes against its subjects. The defenders of Bush’s post– September 11 policy present it, by contrast, as a realistic evaluation of a world still based on the principle of national sovereignty. Only states have power, and are or can be held accountable for their acts (hence, for example, the Bush administration’s rejection of the International Criminal Court). In the special case of the US, it holds its Constitution and domestic laws superior to international law and particularly to supranational rules of the kind the members of the EU have accepted. The problem is, of course, that, as a result, the UN is condemned both for its incapacity to decide or to enforce its decisions and for its occasional attempts to put restraints on the actions of its members. In the case of Iraq, the two UN failures I have mentioned were actually those of the member states. Pushing aside the UN, or refusing to accept curbs on the use of US force, can mean one of two things. The US may want to return to pre-1914 conditions, when the only international limitations on the right of each sovereign state to use force were rules dealing with the jus in bello—the ways in which force could be used—but not with the goals. This discards the progress accomplished in trying to form a modern jus ad bellum, a definition of the purposes for which force can legitimately be used (self-defense, collective security) and of the procedures that can authorize the resort to force. Treaties such as the genocide convention and international tribunals created to judge persons responsible for crimes against humanity or war crimes would be discarded. The post-1945 efforts to protect the human rights of individuals against states would also be scrapped. Security in the world jungle would depend exclusively on an efficiently functioning balance of power, or on voluntary self-restraint by a dominant superpower. Or else the US, seeing itself as the guardian of world order, would leave restraints on other states standing (unless they are its allies), and reserve to itself the right to select those restraints of international law and institutions that serve its interests and to reject all the others. President Bush, in telling others what the US “expects” of them, is coming very close to that position. It is sad to have to remind those who endorse such positions that in a world consisting of almost two hundred states of very uneven strength and cohesion, and where the many forms of interdependence reduce the actual sovereignty of all, a pure and simple return to the rule of the strongest would be a catastrophic regression. It would promote insecurity, not security or moderation. Those who approved of the war in Iraq for entirely understandable reasons of humanitarianism, of pity for the Iraqi people, and of horror at Saddam Hussein’s regime seldom considered that a precedent used for a “good” cause can easily be used by others for causes they would object to: Russia could use it against Georgia, India against Pakistan, North Korea against South Korea. It is true that international law and the UN Charter are full of flaws, are not self-executing, and are used frequently as fig leaves for the naked expression of power. But all laws and all institutions exist in a kind of limbo, between the ideals they express and the daily transactions among the passions and interests they seek to control. In world affairs, devoid of central power, of a strong judiciary, of a world police, the gulf between the two is wider than within most states. This is a reason for trying to close it, to persuade states to change their definition of their own interests, to extend and deepen the range of their ideals. A legal code that would merely ratify what people do, and not codify what they ought to do, would be a bad joke. Actually, as the American scholar David C. Hendrickson reminds us, most international legal and ethical norms are “also prudential in character,” and often simply register “the lessons of experience.”6 Observing them is in the interest of the US because the responsibility for world order cannot be carried by the US alone. The task would exceed the capacities of the US, despite its huge military forces. “Observance of basic principles of the law of nations, together with action within the constraints of an international consensus,” Hendrickson writes, “are two basic ways in which the United States has acquired such legitimacy as it now enjoys in the international system.” Recent US doctrines and actions have damaged that legitimacy, a damage compounded by a contemptuous attitude even toward NATO, and toward allies that have disagreed with US tactics or with the US evaluation of the consequences of a war in Iraq. The language of “you’re either with us or against us,” of punishments and rewards, sounds imperious (and imperial). It is likely to be counterproductive in the long term: as the former US diplomat John Brady Kiesling has written, “the more aggressively we use our power to intimidate our foes, the more foes we create and the more we validate terrorism as the only effective weapon of the powerless against the powerful.”7 One of the many impulses behind the unprecedented antiwar demonstrations throughout the world by people of all ages and classes was to protest an American policy that gives to its military might, and threats to use it, pride of place among all the kinds of power it has at its disposal. During the cold war the US lapsed into unilateral sponsorship of violence in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America; but in the main contest with the USSR it showed itself aware of the advantages that regional and global cooperation provide to the dominant power. International cooperation had the benefits of lightening the military and financial burdens of the US as well as giving it more influence and providing ways of monitoring and shaping the behavior of others. The alternative is a policy of hubris, in which international domination is presented under the mask of universal benign ideals. Such domination will certainly incite some enemies either to resort to terrorism or to obtain weapons of mass destruction, so as to avoid being crushed in conventional wars. The choice between unilateralism and international cooperation will, in the near future, have to be made with respect to four challenges that the US faces. The first is the challenge of creating a workable Iraqi society and polity. The US has done a huge service to the Iraqi people by removing a sadistic dictatorship. But the lack of American preparation for the tasks that follow, in contrast with the preparation for war, has been shocking. US hopes of being greeted enthusiastically by Iraqis as liberators have been undermined by a familiar tendency to underestimate the depth of “native” nationalism (as in South Vietnam),8 by the failure to protect hospitals, the national museum and library, and other public buildings from looting (whereas American soldiers immediately protected the Oil Ministry), and by the failure to improve living conditions in the first phase of occupation. Moreover, the early decision to entrust the reshaping of Iraq to the Pentagon not only confirmed the decisive role in foreign policy that the Defense Department had begun to play during the Clinton years but concealed the very different interests and concerns that are manifest in the administration. In the Defense Department, the civilian coterie of neoconservatives and hard-line pro-Israeli hawks has promoted a grandiose fantasy of using Iraq as the model for democratizing the Muslim world. This assumes that liberal democracy, pro-Americanism, and Arab moderation in dealing with Israel can all be obtained at the same time, and that nationalist, populist, and religious impulses won’t result in anti-Americanism and in even greater hostility toward Israel. At best, the task would be long and hard, and require a long US stay in Iraq. Indeed, if Arab and Iranian rulers should embrace liberal reforms, it would be because of internal pressures, not because of democratic winds originating in Iraq and fanned by the US. Rumsfeld has in the past supported the views of his deputies and advisers, but his enthusiasm for a long military occupation appears very limited. Before Paul Bremer was announced as the new US proconsul on May 6, the Pentagon’s appointee in Iraq, retired general Jay Garner, favored Kurdish representatives and ex-Iraqi exiles as rulers of the country. With Garner now departing, the State Department and the CIA have their own favorites. All of them will ultimately have to choose between Iraq as a protectorate and Iraq as a self-determining country, which may or may not be democratic; America’s protégés in the Gulf and Egypt are anything but democracies. In view of signs of Iraqi resentment of a protracted occupation, the American government may be tempted to keep it short, but the risks of chaos are great, especially if power is transferred to former Iraqi exiles with little support among the people. America has no easy choices. Should the US encourage all political and religious factions to assert themselves and to claim a share of power? This would sacrifice both effective governance and the chances of liberalism to achieve representativeness. Should it exclude groups deemed illiberal or intolerant, thus sacrificing representation to its own preferences and driving the excluded further into radical and anti-American positions?9 Such considerations underline the US interest in turning for help to others with more involvement in “nation-building”: to the UN, with its experience in the Balkans and East Timor, and to the EU and NATO, with their records in Kosovo and in Afghanistan. This would be helpful to the US in many ways: for peacekeeping, for administrative supervision, for sharing costs and political burdens. Such organizations could provide a fairer distribution of reconstruction contracts and a more impartial control of oil revenues than the US. If the US chooses to retain power over all these matters while relegating the UN to a fuzzy “coordinating” role, as could be the case under the recent US draft resolution, the hostility and suspicions it encounters in the Arab world could rise. The second problem is as urgent as ever: peace between Israel and the Palestinians. The administration’s obsession with Iraq, the hawks’ conviction that the balance of forces between Israel and the Arabs would change in Israel’s favor if Iraq were first “liberated,” the President’s dislike of Yasser Arafat and dismay at the terrorism of suicide bombers—all these resulted in a postponement of American attempts to revive a peace process. Pressure from Tony Blair and from Colin Powell, and America’s current predominance in the Middle East, have led to the installation of Abu Mazen as Palestinian prime minister and the release of a “road map.” Few deny that ordinary Arabs as well as officials in palaces or ministries have been deeply disappointed by American delays and partiality toward Ariel Sharon, and by what they have seen as a double standard in the enforcement of UN resolutions. What remains to be shown is the will of the US to become, as was the case with Clinton in 2000, the chief force working for a fair settlement. If the US delays again or leaves the bargaining to the parties, the Arabs’ sense of injustice and humiliation will grow. Combined with present misgivings among Muslims about the American war in Iraq, this might lead to more successes for fundamentalists, and to greater numbers of terrorists. The leadership of Abu Mazen may be an improvement over that of Arafat, but the gap between Palestinians and Israelis is much deeper than it was in 2000. Sharon seems unlikely to make as many concessions as Ehud Barak did. The problems of the settlements, Jerusalem, and the right of return are at least as difficult as ever. The powerful hard-line pro-Israel supporters in the White House, the Defense Department, and Congress may demand that before negotiations begin the new Palestinian government not only try energetically to curb terrorism, but give priority to obtaining a decisive success in a possibly bloody policy of antiterrorism. In view of these lopsided pressures in and on the US, an American government concerned with its relations with the Arab world would be well advised to encourage the participation of the other coauthors of the “road map”: the EU, Russia, and the UN. Sharon views all these with deep distrust. Unilateralists and pro-Israel lobbyists, inside and outside the administration, would object. But if the US would end its monopoly on being the mediator between the two parties it would go far toward appeasing an old grievance of the allies of the US and of the members of the UN. The third issue, nuclear policy, has been pushed to the forefront by the new American strategic doctrine. In US rhetoric, weapons of mass destruction in hostile hands have become a potential casus belli. The administration says it fears that waiting until its foes already have nuclear bombs may allow them to deter the US and make American deterrence impossible—a fear that nothing in our past experience with the USSR and China justifies. The current doctrine encourages American officials to envisage taking preventive action before nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction are produced. A policy of endorsing preventive threats and strikes is being put in place. This is a doubly dangerous approach. First, nuclear weapons are far more formidable than biological and chemical ones, and far more detectable. Chemical and biological programs are difficult to prevent but it is not impossible to neutralize their effects.10 Second, American unilateral preventive action against states that try to acquire a nuclear arsenal would encourage other states to do the same in order to protect against countries they consider to be their foes—once again, a recipe for turning the world into a jungle. On the other hand, the experience with sanctions against states alleged to have such weapons—whether the sanctions are sponsored by the UN or the US—has been disappointing, sometimes less damaging to a targeted government than to its citizens. There is no substitute for a policy of concerted diplomatic pressure exerted by the UN and of collective, and selective, measures of coercion. These range from much stronger international controls on imported technologies to more intrusive inspections than in the past. They could ultimately include the use of force under international auspices against nuclear power plants that are being built or operated. This means a reinforcement, not—as Bush proposes—a repudiation, of the present nuclear nonproliferation regime. Finally, the case of Saddam Hussein has raised the difficult issue of international action against regimes that pursue policies of ferocious repression of the opposition, real or suspected. Here international law has failed, and the UN has legitimized only limited interventions. International law and the UN Charter ban armed interventions in the domestic affairs of states. This was one of the grounds of the policy of nonintervention followed by the US under Bush senior in 1991, when Saddam Hussein savagely crushed the groups the US had encouraged to revolt. Soon after, the US supported collective interventions to protect the Kurds from further massacres by the Saddam Hussein regime (which made Kurdish autonomy within Iraq possible), to stop the chaos and famine in Somalia (a fiasco), and to prevent massacres on ethnic grounds (in Bosnia, very late, and in Kosovo and East Timor). No such intervention took place in the biggest case of genocide, Rwanda, where the UN and the US behaved equally badly.11 In Kosovo, the Security Council, despite the formal requirements of the UN Charter, was ignored because Russian and Chinese vetoes were certain; the US and its European allies used NATO to legitimize their action (and the Security Council and the secretary-general refused to condemn it). Thus a new norm was established: collective intervention against a government committing serious human rights violations could be justified, especially when these violations threaten regional or international peace and security. None of these cases entailed “regime change.” To limit a state’s sovereignty by collective intervention against its government’s assault on human rights is one thing; to forcibly remove a government and replace it with one more acceptable to the interveners is a far more radical attack on sovereignty. The US was passive when Saddam Hussein gassed the Kurds in the 1980s, and killed Kurds and Shiites in large numbers in 1991; it never raised in the UN the issue of regime change on human rights grounds. When this issue became, in the US and Britain, the most effective argument for war, humanitarians and liberals were split. For some, the demise of an evil regime was what mattered most, although they were often worried about American intentions. Others, who were equally troubled by Saddam Hussein’s terror, were unwilling to approve of a unilateral American attack, especially since it opened the way for other countries to change whatever regimes they claimed were guilty of atrocities. They plausibly argued that, thanks in part to the presence of US troops in the region, the US could have worked out a multilateral consensus for continuing inspections and for disarmament, but refused to do so. The issue of humanitarian intervention for “regime change” has now been raised, and we cannot push it back into the bottle by deliberately avoiding it. But it is not an issue the UN is likely to deal with effectively. Too many states among UN members have bloody domestic records, and they can be expected to block any proposal for a forcible collective intervention to change a regime. What would be needed would be a new, two-stage system: (1) a group of UN members would ask the Security Council to authorize collective intervention to overthrow an evil regime, one clearly responsible for atrocities; (2) if the Security Council refuses or is unable to act, an appeal would be made to a new institution: an Association of Democratic Nations that would, in addition to members of NATO, be made up of Asian, African, and Latin American liberal democracies, such as India, South Africa, and Chile, as well as Australia and New Zealand. Only liberal democracies would be admitted as members. If such an association approved a collective intervention to change a regime, it would report its reasons and its decisions to the secretary-general of the UN, and could proceed to act. Such an association of democratic nations could also provide useful advice to new democracies, and bring before the International Criminal Court or a special international court military or civilian leaders involved in crimes against humanity, war crimes, or genocide. Alas, the Bush administration cannot be expected to try to work out such a needed reform. Too often, this administration has given, to many Americans and even more to foreigners, the impression that it is drunk with power, that it has somehow absorbed not the lessons of prudent realists such as George Kennan, but the spirit of the Athenian generals who, Thucydides tells us, informed the Melians that, between the strong and the weak, only the language of power matters. It seems futile to recall from the history of empire that even when imperialism imposes direct rule it is always threatened by rebellions and rising costs. Moreover, the shrinking of democracy at home does not go well with the spread of democracy abroad. Perhaps it is also futile to say that in occupied Iraq the best advice would suggest what not to do: don’t hand-pick favorites who will be discredited; don’t allow the men in the “deck of cards” to be tried by a purely American instead of an international court; don’t appoint or select American companies to rewrite the history textbooks for young Iraqis or to exploit the oil fields. In foreign policy, following norms of self-restraint and international law and institutions can augment the real power of a strong country even if such norms curb the harshest uses of military power. The anti-Americanism on the rise throughout the world is not just hostility toward the most powerful nation, or based on the old clichés of the left and the right; nor is it only envy or hatred of our values. It is, more often than not, a resentment of double standards and double talk, of crass ignorance and arrogance, of wrong assumptions and dubious policies. Whether our current leaders are capable of self-examination at a time of military victory may affect the planet for a long time to come. —May 15, 2003 June 12, 2003 It was not a journalist, but the dean of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton, Anne-Marie Slaughter, who revealed in The Washington Post on April 13, 2003, that the French ambassador to Washington had relayed to the administration a French proposal that could have avoided the bitter Franco-American break: the US would have given up the idea of proposing a second resolution (which it finally had to withdraw since there weren’t enough votes for it), and France and the US would have “agreed to disagree.” This would have made the threat of a French veto unnecessary, and allowed the US to proceed with its war and to invoke resolution 1441 as a basis for it. But Bush preferred a public showdown on a second resolution which Tony Blair needed at home. It preferred helping Blair, a loyal ally, to a deal with Chirac, a dissenting and thus lapsed ally. ↩ The sanctions part of this containment policy did, however, hurt the Iraqi public—mainly children—without much affecting the regime. ↩ The new policy of the administration is to substitute ad hoc “coalitions of the willing,” led by Washington, for established institutions. (One such coalition may be a force composed of pro-US Europeans under Polish command, aimed at helping US and British forces to “stabilize” Iraq.) ↩ See my “The High and the Mighty,” The American Prospect, January 13, 2003. ↩ See the exegesis of the new strategic doctrine by Philip Zelikow, “The Transformation of National Security,” The National Interest, Spring 2003. ↩ David C. Hendrickson, “Preserving the Imbalance of Power,” Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2003), pp. 157–162. ↩ John Brady Kiesling, “Diplomatic Breakdown,” The Boston Globe Magazine, April 27, 2003. ↩ See Minxin Pei, “The Paradoxes of American Nationalism,” Foreign Policy, May/June 2003, pp. 30–37. I made similar points long ago, in Gulliver’s Troubles, or The Setting of American Foreign Policy (McGraw-Hill, 1968), pp. 102 ff. ↩ See Eli J. Lake, “Split Decision,” and Kanan Makiya, “The Wasteland,” in The New Republic, May 5, 2003. ↩ See Owen R. Cote Jr., “Weapons of Mass Confusion,” Boston Review, April/May 2003. ↩ See Samantha Power, “A Problem from Hell”: American and the Age of Genocide (Basic Books, 2002). ↩	292,822
There is a problem with the page you are trying to reach and it cannot be displayed. HTTP 500 - Internal server error Note This behavior is described in the Internet Information Services (IIS) product documentation at http://localhost/iishelp/iis/htm/core/iiprstop.htm. To use the 500-100.asp file for error handling on the nondefault Web site, perform the following steps: - Start the Internet Service Manager (ISM), which loads the Internet Information Services snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console (MMC). - Right-click the appropriate Web site, click New, and then click Virtual Directory. - In the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, click Next. In the Alias text box, type IISHelp, and then click Next. - When you are prompted for the path to the content directory, click Browse, select the WINNT\Help\IisHelp folder, and then click Next. - On the Access Permissions page, accept all the defaults, click Next, and then click Finish. - Right-click the Web site again, and then click Properties. - On the Custom Errors tab, select the 500;100 error line, and then click Edit Properties. - In the Message Type list box, select URL, and then type /iisHelp/common/500-100.asp in the URL text box. - Click OK twice to return to the ISM. (c) Microsoft Corporation 2000, All Rights Reserved. Contributions by Kevin Zollman, Microsoft Corporation. Article ID: 261200 - Last Review: Apr 10, 2017 - Revision: 2	207,606
A survey of one of America's most prolific Understanding Sam Shepard investigates the notoriously complex and confusing dramatic world of Sam Shepard, one of America's most prolific, thoughtful, and challenging contemporary playwrights. During his nearly fifty-year career as a writer, actor, director, and producer, Shepard has consistently focused his work on the ever-changing American cultural landscape. James A. Crank's comprehensive study of Shepard offers scholars and students of the dramatist a means of understanding Shephard's frequent experimentation with language, setting, characters, and theme. Beginning with a brief biography of Shepard, Crank shows how experiences in Shepard's life eventually resonate in his work by exploring the major themes, unique style, and history of Shepard's productions. Focusing first on Shepard's early plays, which showcase highly experimental, frenetic explorations of fractured worlds, Crank discusses how the techniques from these works evolve and translate into the major works in his "family trilogy": Curse of the Starving Class, the Pulitzer Prize–winning Buried Child, and True West. Shepard often uses elements from his past—his relationship with his father, his struggle for control within the family, and the breakdown of the suburban American dream—as major starting points in his plays. Shepard is a recipient of a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, eleven Obie Awards, and a Chicago Tribune Literary Prize for Lifetime Achievement. Augmented with an extensive bibliography, Understanding Sam Shepard is an ideal point of entrance into complex and compelling dramas of this acclaimed playwright. James A. Crank is an associate professor of English and the director of undergraduate studies at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Crank has written on artists as diverse as James Agee, Sherman Alexie, and Eudora Welty. "Written with great lucidity and wearing its considerable erudition lightly, Understanding Sam Shepard is the perfect introduction to Shepard for both beginning and advanced students of American drama. Because of its subtlety and depth of textual analysis, the book is equally valuable for the scholar. James A. Crank unearths Shepard's buried children and their cursed families in all their complexity and mystery, making a compelling case for the unity and profundity of Shepard's mythic vision of America."—Henry I. Schvey, professor of drama and comparative literature, Washington University in St. Louis	109,575
Bern's new underground station is millions of francs over budget, say auditors A new report by the Federal Audit Office (SFAO) has revealed that the new Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn (RBS) train station in Bern has run tens of millions of francs over budget. The SFAO found that Swiss public transport providers had “significantly underestimated” the complexity of building the new station underneath the de-facto capital of Switzerland. New platforms to be built underneath Bern's main station The "Zukunft Bahnhof Bern" is one of the largest public construction projects in the country. Originally costing around 1 billion francs in total, the project is designed to update and upgrade the main station in Bern and the roads around the area, and build a new underground station for RBS trains from Bern to Solothurn. The old RBS station, on the eastern side of the main station, was built in the 1960s and is no longer large enough to accommodate the huge number of workers, tourists and families that use the line every day. The new RBS platforms will be much larger and will be situated 20 metres below the mainline platforms used for travel between Swiss cities. New RBS station in Bern delayed until 2029 However, once construction started in 2017 - with a completion date of 2025 - the project soon began to run into problems. In 2019, the opening date was moved to 2027, and in February 2022, authorities announced that the expansion would not be completed until 2029, and would cost an extra 200 million francs, to be paid through public taxes. At RBS’s request, the SFAO started to investigate the project in the autumn of 2021. In their new report, given to Blick on September 6, the audit office said that RBS had "significantly underestimated" how hard the project would be to complete. Short-notice changes to the project and organisational issues were common in the early stages, RBS’s “risk management [was] not yet strictly and consistently managed and there is a lack of project-related quality management,” according to Blick. Cost of the project ballooned to over 1,2 billion francs Along with the cost of upgrading the main station, the price of the RBS project alone has increased from 614 to 731 million francs. The SFAO concluded that while the cost rises "cannot be conclusively explained at the time of the audit," the total cost of "fees" related to the project has doubled since 2016. In response to the report, RBS told Blick that efforts to reorganise the project in 2018 were successful and remain stable and in place to this day. The company said that the SFAO recommendations have either been implemented or will be implemented in the future.	216,454
Interior. Thursday , February 15th , 2018 - 21:47:35 PM Why is it important to seek advice from a designer when choosing colours? Colour is the most powerful tool when it comes to non-verbal communication and the design element that makes a space come alive. Colour brings individuality in a space and it is one of the most useful tools to master when finding your own style. Leatrice Eiseman, Executive Director of the Pantone Color Institute, says in her book Pantone Guide to Communicating with Color: \"Among other uses, color stimulates and works synergistically with all of the senses, symbolizes abstract concepts and thoughts, expresses fantasy or wish fulfillment, recalls another time or place and produces an aesthetic or emotional response.\" So where would one draw the line between a designer and a decorator? Reverting back to the two definitions above one can discern the key difference. The definition for the designer refers to 'built interior environment' whereas the decorator suggests 'decorating and furnishing' as the key activities. The higher standard is the designer's ability and responsibilities to call for tearing out walls, flooring, windows, lighting, electrical, as well as recommending furniture and miscellaneous design pieces. In short, the scope their role includes the responsibilities of a decorator, but goes much further. When choosing a colour for a room or house it is important to think about the mood and atmosphere you would like to achieve. Is it a dark room or flooded with natural light? In which direction is the room facing? How are the proportions? Do you live in a small apartment or a contemporary newly built house with open plan living areas? All this needs to be considered when choosing colours for a space. If you are overwhelmed by the choice of colours available - yes, there are thousands on the market - how can you start finding your personal colour scheme? Any content, trademark/s, or other material that might be found on this site that is not this site property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does SCABR.COM claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.	128,177
A pair of recent New York Times features asked political thinkers on both sides of the aisle what the other side gets right. The columns are each fascinating: I enjoyed the recognition of key conservative principles in “What the Right Gets Right,” and I can easily agree with most of “What the Left Gets Right.” Highly recommended. From “What the Right Gets Right:” It recognizes “the importance of material incentives in shaping behavior, and the difficulty in keeping bureaucracies under control and responsive to citizens.” It is skeptical of “the application of social science theories to real world problems” and cognizant of “human fallibility/corruptibility.” It places a high value on “liberty/autonomy.” It places a similarly high value on “good parenting.” It acknowledges “the superiority of market systems for encouraging efficient use of resources.” From “What the Left Gets Right:” Liberals are sensitive to the unsettling potential of income disparities. They are attentive to the overreaching of the federal government through its national security apparatus. They are less likely to pretend that scientific questions – is the planet getting warmer, for example, and if so, why? – are really ideological questions. They understand that the legacies of two centuries of slavery and another of Jim Crow are still active and still debilitating. And they are more realistic about the limits of American military power than many conservatives.	288,543
Doctors called in a bomb squad to help them remove an unexploded firework that had lodged itself into a man’s leg. The unnamed 44-year-old, from San Antonio, Texas, assumed the device was a dud because it failed to go off. But an X-ray revealed the gadget, which had impaled his right thigh, could explode at any moment and he was told to remain still. Surgeons went public with the bizarre case amid fears the scenario could crop up again in light of recent terrorist attacks. An X-ray revealed the gadget, which had impaled his right thigh, could explode at any moment and he was told to remain still Writing in The Journal of Emergency Medicine, a team headed by Dr Andrew Murtha advised doctors what to do in such situations. He told LiveScience: ‘This has the potential to be, unfortunately, an event that may be encountered by a provider in an emergency room setting. ‘Understanding how to manage the patient without risking harm to other patients and the medical team is something that’s important to recognize.’ Doctors believed they were dealing with a usual case of trauma upon first glance. But closer inspections revealed his fractured femur was caused by a mortar-type firework and he was sent to San Antonio Military Medical Center. The patient, whose name is unknown, explained how he was unsure which part of the device had impaled him – or if it could explode. It lodged inside his thigh when he was reloading the device. Concerned hospital staff urgently called a team of Explosive Ordnance Disposal technicians and the local fire department. The patient was ushered off to an isolated room and was asked to remain as still as possible to slash the risks of setting the firework off. Doctors drowned the fuse by irrigating the wound with water, advice issued to them by the fire department. To avoid an explosion, they were also urged to avoid any form of surgery that would heat the patient’s tissue. It is unsure what eventually happened to the firework, but it was removed without exploding and the patient was allowed home two weeks later. Dr Lane Thaut, who also treated the patient, confirmed that everybody was ‘on edge’ when reality of the situation was laid bare.	105,947
WASHINGTON -- Missing from the millions of words spoken and written about the battle for control of Congress is the contradictory political reality that most lawmakers will be returned to office next year. Of the 435 members in the House, about 380 or more lawmakers will be re-elected, and very possibly closer to 400 -- most by large majorities. This may come as a shock to those who follow the ups and downs of the polls, which show about 70 percent of Americans do not like this Congress, along with voter-preference surveys showing Americans intend to vote against the Republican majority that presently controls the House. But these polls also show that 60 percent or more of the voters not only like their own representative but say they will vote to send him or her back to Washington for another two years. Such is the love-hate relationship that Americans have for Congress. They disapprove of the institution and the job it's doing but support their own members by significant margins. Estimates of the number of lawmakers who face serious competition vary. A seat-by-seat analysis by Congressional Quarterly said a total of 62 members, 48 of them Republicans, "range from very to somewhat competitive." CQPolitics.com rated 354 seats, 81 percent of the House, as "safe for the incumbent party." Notably, 55 House members have no major party opposition, CQ found. Congressional elections analyst Norman Ornstein of the American Enterprise Institute put the number of safe seats at around 380 but said it could rise to 400 or so, leaving about 30 or more toss-up races that will decide who will be in charge of the House next year. Stuart Rothenberg, who publishes the Rothenberg Political Report, which tracks and handicaps all of the races, said there are at most 40 House races that he called pure toss-ups or that leaned or tilted one way or the other. The reason why there are so few competitive races is largely because the two parties have designed their congressional district lines to make them that way, and they've gotten more skillful at it with each succeeding decade. "The past five House elections have produced historically low party seat switches, incumbent defeats and net party gains," said Thomas E. Mann, senior fellow in governance studies at the Brookings Institution. "As a consequence of gerrymandering, residential mobility and stronger party-line voting in the electorate, the partisan makeup of House districts has become more lopsided, with many safe Republican and Democratic districts and very few competitive ones," Mann said in a critical analysis of congressional election trends. For example: "The number of districts carried by a presidential candidate of one party and a congressional candidate of the other has declined sharply (from 148 in 1988 to 59 in 2004)," he pointed out. "Clever people," with the help of sophisticated computer programming, detailed census tracts and voter data, "as long as they kept the districts almost equal in population, can do almost anything," Ornstein told me. "What you have is the vast majority of members, no matter how strong the wind is blowing, no matter how much the public desires change, they are immune from it," he said. "The framers of the Constitution expected that voters would choose their representatives, not that representatives would choose their voters." But Congress is not always immune from a big political wave, as we have seen throughout modern American elections, especially in recent decades: the Reagan-led GOP resurgence in the Senate in 1980 and the Republican takeover of the House in 1994. Moreover, even with the relatively small universe of 30 to 40 competitive House seats, that is more than enough to win the 15 needed to topple the Republicans from power on Nov. 7. The perfectly proper political reality governing our congressional elections is that the two parties are pretty much at parity with one another, so control of a closely divided House can be moved from one party to the other with the shift of a relatively few number of seats. That's politics. Right now, it appears the Democrats will likely take control of the House, unless there is a major shift in the mood of the electorate. And the GOP's hold on the Senate is looking shaky at best, too. But this year's election does not necessarily suggest a long reign of power for the Democrats. Census analysts say the population shifts from the more liberal Northeast and Midwest to the more conservative South and West will continue into the next decade and beyond. What this trend means is that Northern Democrats will lose House seats and Republicans will likely gain seats after the 2010 census. Nothing that will happen in this year's election is going to stop this mass migration in political power to the country's more GOP-friendly Sunbelt.	213,046
Playpumps are a go-to example of failed aid interventions the merry-go-round powered by playing children pumped water out of the ground the idea was that children filled with energy could have something to play with that also provided water for a community. Expand understanding of the city as an eco-system, and develop skills to analyze and critique transformation of its constituent systems provide a grounding in environmental theory that can be directly related to design practice. Aida edemariam is a senior feature writer and editor for the guardian her biography the wife's tale (fourth estate) is out now. Preface this document is designed as an introduction to how engineering products are designed it is intended for use in an introductory design course in engineering with the objective of. Review i love my new suburban i used the costco buying program and paid $400 under invoice the truck is perfect, it rides like a dream and and the kids love the dvd player. Ten years worth of project failure statistics have taken their toll the anticipated eventuality of failure is built into the project from the very beginning and is an unwritten reason for a project's demise. Despite this critique, to many americans the good life still means home ownership and all that goes with it for a family of four in the 1980s, a typical productive home. Triple aught design [tad gear] probably being the best they have their retail outlet in san francisco so you can imagine the prices plus shipping, plus import tax, plus handling charge etc really well thought out and made though. Suburban areas are places outside of cities people who live in suburbs often travel to the city for work in this movie, you'll explore how populations are different in different communities. A loving send-up of the early 1960s, small-town america, teenagers, and rock & roll, bye bye birdie remains as fresh and vibrant as ever teen heartthrob conrad birdie has been drafted, so he chooses all-american girl kim macafee for a very public farewell kiss featuring a tuneful high-energy score. The suburban revolt against the nsw government's medium density code is gathering pace, with four councils granted a 12-month delay of the new rules that make it easier for homeowners to build. If 4 or 5 kids are always causing problems in your class, it's not fair to the remaining 20 students, says patricia thurman, a white sixth-grade teacher in minneapolis so the troublemakers are frequently referred to special ed. Suburban model have been ''new urbanists'' like mr duany their solutions to the wheeling nebulae of tract development are based on tighter concentrations of houses. Mehaffy is the coauthor, with nikos salingaros, of the 2014 book design for a living planet, a critique of conventional architectural practice and, as they argue, its wider context of a failing technology. The suburban has tremendous cargo capacity: 393 cubic feet behind the third row, 767 cubic feet with the third row folded, and 1217 cubic feet with the second and third rows folded power-folding second- and third-row seats and a hands-free power liftgate are available. 2) increase productivity and efficiency of the current mall base through a strategic review of the tenant mix, taking into account consumer needs and retailer economics this analysis should guide the management of rent pricing and overall commercial planning. In other words, ford's gambit was, as the kids say, a total fail dan and i actually ditched the event early and hit up a local casino to play some texas hold 'em i won $100 if memory serves. Thank goodness for strip-mall parking lots the size of a small state―maybe humiliation-free parking is the real motivation for suburban sprawl seek out a space you feel comfortable that you can safely get your car into without crunching into another car. The modern high school, which provides the focal point for much of the film's action, was chosen for its unusual design as well as its proliferation of windows and skylights the filmmakers found the clayton heights secondary school in the suburb of south surrey to have exactly the look needed for the film's american eagle christian high. Chevrolet suburban owners have reported 12 problems related to air conditioner (under the equipment category) the most recently reported issues are listed below also please check out the statistics and reliability analysis of chevrolet suburban based on all problems reported for the suburban. School principals agreed that lack of parent involvement was one of the most serious school problems among public school principals, poverty was described as a serious problem as often as lack of parent involvement. Butkovitz yesterday released a random review of suburban real- estate agents that found more than half didn't have a city business license or tax account the noncompliant agents from bucks, montgomery and delaware counties cost the city an estimated $380,000 in business taxes between 2010 and 2014, the review found. Students audition to get into an nmsa program specific to their craft -- dance, theater, music, or visual arts each day, they have their academic classes from 9am to 2pm, and after lunch, they have their art classes until 4:45pm. The chevrolet suburban is a full-size suv from chevroletit is the longest continuous use automobile nameplate in production, starting in 1935 for the 1935 us model year, and has traditionally been one of general motors' most profitable vehicles.	183,675
We believe that effectively addressing the challenges of accessing farmland for agriculture requires a collaborative and creative solutions at multiple systems levels – from farm to policy. We have put this collaborative, systems approach into practice. We work on ‘on the ground’ assisting individual farmers, farm families and landowners, and also collaborate extensively with local, regional and national partners. Selected Land For Good (LFG) projects are highlighted below under the following themes: - Regional Systems Change - Policy, Research and Investigation - Special Population Farmers - Professional Training - Community Initiatives - Land Access Training and Support - Farm Transfer and Succession Regional Systems Change - Land Access Project, Phase 1 or LAP1 (2010 –2013). This comprehensive project addressed the farmland access challenge for New England’s beginning farmers from a systems perspective. During LAP1, at least 800 beginning farmers improved their readiness to acquire farms. Over 50 service providers from six New England states collaborated on multiple task forces. With a dozen workshops for non-farming landowners, a cross-training for farm transfer advisors, expanded New England Farmland Finder, upgraded Farm Transfer Network of New England, and new guides for exiting farmers, next generation farmers, and public and private landowners, LAP1 advanced land access across the region. Reports on policy innovations, farmland investors and agricultural easements translated research into practical recommendations for improving land access in our region. LAP1 resulted in improved services, coordination and communication about land access and transfer throughout New England. Read more - Land Access Project, Phase 2 or LAP2 (2015 – 2018). Building on LAP1, the project worked to improve programs and policies around land access and transfer in each New England state. During LAP2, over 2,060 beginning farmers improved their access to land or tenure situation. Project teams and partners worked with beginning farmers, established and transitioning farmers, landowners, conservation organizations, service providers, communities and policymakers. LFG and its collaborators delivered 144 events including stand-alone and conference workshops, mixers, and presentations, as well as a national conference on land access issues. LAP2 created numerous tools, guides and reports as farmer resources. Read more - Land Access Project, Phase 3 or LAP3 (2018 – 2021). The past achievements of our regional approach and strong reliance on collaboration have resulted in many successful outcomes and a strong foundation to move forward. LAP3 will improve and expand services to help more beginning farmers access farmland in each New England state, addressing key gaps identified by both farmers and service providers. Core funding for LAP is supported by grants from the USDA Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program. Policy, Research and Investigation - Improving Public Policies for Land Access in New England (2015-2018). In collaboration with American Farmland Trust and the Conservation Law Fund, this land access policy project explored and advanced state policies in each New England state that foster land access and transfer. In year one (2015), we convened leaders, conducted targeted research, developed actions plans, and supporting state stakeholder implementation. Over 80 stakeholders participated in 15 dialogues in six states and four cities to built greater awareness, expand relationships, identify challenges and develop consensus around policy priorities in four areas. Based on the policy matrix, we researched six priority policy topics and developed state action plans. In subsequent years, we lead and supported multi-stakeholder efforts to implement action plans that advance specific public policies at the municipal, state, regional and federal levels. See our blog for recent updates. Funded by The John Merck Fund. - In the Gaining Insights, Gaining Access Project (2014-2016), LFG and American Farmland Trust gathered information about the trends, challenges and needs of farmers without successors, and about non-farming landowners. To improve outreach and services to these audiences we analyzed and presented to service providers and policy makers what we learned about and from these audiences through state-level briefing, webinars, and a regional and state specific profiles. Funded by The Claneil Foundation. - Farmland Investment Research Project – Phase II (2014-2017). A part of the Farmland Access Task Force of the Vermont Farmland Access Working Group, LFG led the second phase of investigation of values-based farmland investor models. In this phase, selected farmers, farm finance advisors and attorneys learned about several farmland investor entities that have – or would like to have – farm projects in New England. Farmers and investment group representatives sat down together to dialogue about how these models can best benefit farmers and investors in our region. Read the project report, Farmland Investment Models: Innovative Land Access for New England. Read the Phase I report. Funded by the Vermont Farm to Plate Network Fund. - A national Non-Operator Landowner Project (2013-2014) led by Utah State University and American Farmland Trust is researching non-operator landowners, with a particular focus on women farm landlords and their attitudes toward conservation. LFG serves on the Advisory Group of this project, and coordinated a focus group of women landlords in New England. Funded by Rachel’s Network, USDA/ERS and The Mosaic Company. - The New England Food Policy Project report (2014) contains a section on land access in which LFG was a lead contributor to the research and writing. We co-led a webinar on land access and transfer as part of this project. Funded by the Henry P. Kendall Foundation. - Farmland Access, Succession, Tenure and Stewardship (FarmLASTS) Project (2008 – 2010). Co-led by LFG and University of Vermont, this national project focused on farm access, tenure and succession. Over two-dozen collaborators including universities, agencies and NGOs from across the country worked in three national teams focused on research, curriculum development, and outreach in three areas: (1) farmland access and tenure for farm entrants; (2) farm succession challenges for exiting farm operators, and; (3) the impacts of tenure and succession arrangements on land use and the environment. An in depth research report concludes with extensive policy and program recommendations. Project outputs included a four-module educational curriculum, an Extension manual, and a national conference for leaders in the field. Funded by the USDA National Research Initiative. Read more on the FarmLASTS website. Special Population Farmers - In partnership with Organization for Refugee and Immigrant Success (NH), we are delivering workshops in 2015 to Congolese, Bhutanese, Somali Bantu refugees as part of the New American Sustainable Agriculture Project, ORIS’ farmer incubator program. - In partnership with Cultivating Community (Portland ME), we delivered a workshop and educational materials in 2012 to Somali and Sudanese immigrant farmers about land access, including how to find land and how to negotiate agreements. In 2015 we repeated and expanded this support to the immigrant farmers participating in the NASAP/Fresh Start Farms program. In early 2016, four Somali-Bantu farmers got established on a 30-acre farm in Lewiston with training, support and land search help from LFG and Maine Farmland Trust. Read about this success in our blog and In The News. - LFG worked with Nuestras Raices (Holyoke MA) from 2011-2013 to deliver informational workshops, one-on-one assistance and a written guide about finding farmland for immigrant farmers on Nuestras Raices’ La Finca incubator farm in western Massachusetts. To learn more about our work with new Americans and other special population farmers, contact us. - Farm succession training for professionals who serve farmers in New England (2021). Successful farm transfers require a supportive and knowledgeable team of service providers. This new professional development project will strengthen the knowledge, skills and collaboration of a diverse group of service providers who work with—or want to work with—transitioning farm families in various ways across New England. Whether you are an experienced succession advisor, have relevant knowledge, or hope to do more, this project welcomes you. Funded by the USDA Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. Read more on our blog. - Real Estate Professional Training: Tools & Resources for Working with Farms with Commercial Agricultural Potential (2015 – present). We offer training for real estate professionals to increase their awareness and access to resources so they can better connect with commercial farm buyers, and improve the conditions under which many aspiring, beginning and established farmers seek land. The curriculum is eligible for Continuing Education Credits in several New England states. For more information about past trainings, see our blog. - Farmland for the Next Generation: Land Access Training (2015 – 2019), LFG is part of an “Educational Enhancement Team” of leading experts for a national project led by American Farmland Trust that assessed land access educational programming and trained trainers to deliver a new land access curricula. The national project team identified and evaluated land access training resources and gaps, then based on this, develop a “comprehensive national curriculum” to reach diverse audiences and regions. After field testing with a national cadre of two dozen agriculture educators, the ultimate outcome was envisioned as the foundation of a national network of land access training providers, and a comprehensive, widely available and adaptable curriculum. Funded by a grant from the USDA Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program. - Farmland Advisors Project (2012 – 2014). LFG partnered with the American Farmland Trust to provide professional training, materials and support around farmland access, farm succession and working with farmland owners. Webinars, fact sheets and two days of training (January 2014) were provided to 90 agriculture service providers in New England and New York. Participants represent land trusts, beginning farmer organizations, extension offices, lending institutions and local and state agencies. Funded by Northeast SARE Professional Development Program grant and a Farm Credit Northeast AgEnhancment grant. To learn more about our professional training and networking activities, contact us. - Western Massachusetts Land Trusts and Working Lands (2008). LFG led a roundtable meeting and three workshops for western Massachusetts land trusts to promote land trusts’ involvement in working lands conservation projects. Funded by the Massachusetts Land Trust Coalition. To learn more about our work with land trusts and other conservation organizations, contact us. - The Berkshire Farmland Initiative (2014-present), is a collaboration among LFG, The Carrot Project, and Berkshire Grown to address land access and transfer in Berkshire County (MA). LFG hosts the Initiative webpage, and has co-hosted farmer-landowners mixers. In April 2014, we keynoted and help design a county-wide Summit that grew out of a three-year agricultural planning effort in Berkshire county. With American Farmland Trust, the Initiative launched a fund to which farmers and landowners may apply to support their farmland-related plans and transactions. LFG participation is funded by in part by a grant from the Lawson Valentine Foundation and our donors. - LFG is fostering farmland access in the Monadnock Region (NH) in collaboration with the Cheshire County Conservation District (CCCD), the Monadnock Conservancy and UNH Cooperative Extension (2014-16). Together we are learning from landowners and farmers about farming on conserved land and by hosting workshops for farmland owners. Funded by a grant from the USDA Northeast SARE Program. - As part of the Franklin County (MA) Farm and Food System Project, LFG helped survey the county’s farmers on their needs, including around farm succession. We held land access and farm succession workshops and followed up with several dozen respondents who indicated a desire for succession planning assistance. Download the Project’s final report, which includes a project timeline and survey results. Funded in part by the H.P. Kendall Foundation. - MAGIC Comprehensive Agricultural Planning Project (2012 –2013). LFG is a partner in this 13-town regional initiative led by the Metropolitan Area (Massachusetts) Planning Council, Consortium for Sustainable Communities. The Minuteman Advisory Group on Interlocal Coordination (MAGIC) enlisted LFG, Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation, Conservation Law Foundation and Sudbury Valley Trustees and thirteen eastern Massachusetts municipalities to increase the viability of farming and promote sustainable food sheds in the MAGIC sub-region. LFG helped design and conduct a municipal survey and regional forum, and wrote a report (2014) chapter with recommendation on land access, farm succession and farm leasing. Read more. Funded by US Department of Housing and Urban Development. (Note: Links to this project and the report appear to have been removed from the MAPC website) - The Town of Middleborough, Massachusetts (2010 – 2011) contracted with LFG to develop strategies to retain the working farmland and rural character of the Thompson Street neighborhood as a heritage agricultural landscape. LFG assisted Thompson Street area farmers and farmland owners to bring or keep their land in active farming. Funded by the Town of Middleborough Planning Department. - Southeastern Massachusetts Agricultural Partnership’s (SEMAP) Farms Forever Project (2006 – 2009). As part of this project LFG conducted research on farm succession programs, and provided subsidized farm transfer planning services to 10 farmers in Southeast Massachusetts. Three “Where Do I Start…” guides were produced to assist farm seekers, transitioning farm families and landowners to take first steps. Funded by the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program and a private foundation. To learn more about our work with communities, contact us. Land Access Training and Support - Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association contracts with LFG (2011 – present) to provide education, assistance and support related to land access and tenure to participants in MOFGA’s Journeyperson Program. Our Maine field agent conducts workshops and extensive individual consulting to JourneyPersons preparing to acquire farmland. Funded by the USDA Beginning Farmer and Rancher Program and a private foundation. - The Farm Leasing Project (2008 – 2012) educated over 400 farm seekers throughout New England using a variety of methods including workshops, web resources and direct technical assistance to farm seekers. We developed an online tutorial on farm leasing and a seven unit online course, Acquiring Your Farm. Funded by grants from the USDA Risk Management Education Program and the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Program. - The Prairie Crossing Farm Incubator (2011 – 2013). LFG is partnered with the Liberty Prairie Foundation (LPF) to deliver five workshops and is consulting with farmers and Foundation staff on land access and non-traditional lease agreements. LPF sponsors Prairie Crossing Farm incubator in Grayslake, Illinois. Funded in part by USDA Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program. - Land Tenure for Farmer Groups (2012 –2013). This project investigated alternative models such as group ownership and multiple farmer tenancy for farmers to jointly access land. Background and farmer interviews led to recommendations and webinars for farmers and service providers. In partnership with the Greenhorns and Cooperative Development Institute, and funded by the Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. To learn more about our work on farm leasing and other alternatives to land ownership, contact us. Farm Transfer and Succession - Organic Farmer Transfer and Succession – Phase I (2015). LFG is giving the organic farm transition “conundrum” focused attention and support by investigating organic dairy farmers’ unique transition planning dilemmas and opportunities. Through discussion groups and interviews with organic dairy farmers in northern New England, we will develop better strategies to help farmers address farm succession. Read more on our blog. Supported by grants from Organic Valley’s Farmers Advocating for Organics Fund and the Clif Bar Family Foundation. - Farm Transfer Network of New England – FTNNE (2006 – present). As part of the regional Land Access Project Phase 1 (LAP1), LFG led a collaboration of six New England land grant universities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that created a regional service network and website to help farm families find succession and transfer planning assistance and resources. The core of the project website is a searchable online directory of farm transfer advisors and materials at farmtransfernewengland.org. A completely updated and redesigned FTNNE website administered by Land For Good was relaunched in May 2017 as part of the Land Access Project Phase 2. This initiative and related efforts, like trainings for attorneys on farm succcession, continues to increase coordination among educators, advisors and other farm transfer service professionals – and make farm transfer services more visible in the region. Visit the farmtransfernewengland.org - Transferring the Farm Workshops (2006 – 2010). This multi-year collaboration with Extension educators and others in all six New England states provided daylong workshops and follow-up technical assistance on farm transfer and succession. Funded by USDA Risk Management Agency and other funders. Read about the project in “New England Workshops Increase Participant Knowledge of Farm Transfer Issues” in the Journal of Extension (April 2009). - Women and Farm Transfer (2006 – 2008). LFG partnered with the Cooperative Development Institute, Community Involved in Sustaining Agriculture and the Women’s Agricultural Network to address the particular challenges faced by women facing a farm transition. An educational curriculum and supporting resource binder were developed and delivered to 170 women in New England through seminars and learning circles. Partners also delivered a train-the-trainer workshop for educators, advisors and other service providers who work with farm women. Funded by the USDA Farm Service Agency. To learn more about how we work with farm families and farm transfer advisors and educators, contact us.	78,623
Waterways provide places to relax, holiday, exercise, fish, bird watch, hike and swim. Healthy waterways support many environmental values such as native fish, riparian vegetation, bird habitation, drought refuges and rare or threatened species. Our waterways supply water for agriculture, as well as supporting important social values such as fishing, swimming and boating or cultural values such as Aboriginal heritage sites. Types of waterways Rivers are defined here as major rivers, streams or creeks and their feeders (tributaries), and include the water, the channel and surrounding land (known as riparian land). Riparian refers to land or vegetation that adjoins a river, creek, wetland or estuary. Estuaries are where rivers meet the sea and the fresh river water mixes with the salt water of the ocean. The majority of Victoria's estuaries are brackish mouths of rivers and streams that flow directly into the ocean or into large marine bays (such as Western Port, Port Phillip Bay and Corner Inlet). There are more than 100 estuaries in Victoria; 83 of these exceed one kilometre in length. The definition of estuaries also includes coastal inlets (like Tamboon Inlet and Anderson Inlet), smaller bays (like Swan Bay and Limeburners Bay) and coastal barrier lagoons (like Jack Smith Lake and Lake Dennison). These inlets may also be classed as wetlands. Wetlands are still-water environments, usually occurring where water collects in depressions in the landscape from either surface water or groundwater. Wetlands can include swamps, lakes and peatlands (organic matter collections). Some wetlands are dependent on groundwater for their existence; others depend on surface water run-off or large floods from adjacent rivers. The 2013 inventory of Victoria's wetlands recorded 23,739 natural wetlands covering 604,322 hectares, and 11,060 artificial wetlands covering 170,613 hectares. Some wetlands naturally have water in them all the time, while others naturally dry out for short or long periods of time. Page last updated: 28/06/19	302,950
What phantom limbs and mirrors teach us about the brain In a lab in southern California scientists are curing the previously incurable with little more than a mirror, and changing our understanding of the brain in the process. In mid-November the team at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) announced the results of a small pilot study which suggests that a simple mind trick involving mirrors can help ease the pain of osteoarthritis, a condition that affects one in 10 people. That study is in its very early stages, but since the mid-1990s neuroscientist Vilyanur S Ramachandran, who heads the team, has been extolling the benefits of mirrors for all manner of diseases and syndromes, from stroke to the mind-boggling medical phenomenon of the phantom limb. Ramachandran's 20-year association with the mirror, and phantom limbs, has driven him to the forefront of experimental neuroscience. How the mirror works The phantom (or arthritic) hand is placed behind the mirror. When the patient looks into the mirror he feels the reflection of the real hand superimposed on the phantom. He then tries to move both hands. Many patients report they feel the phantom mimicking the movement of the real hand. When the real hand opens its fingers, it looks as though the phantom has opened, and pain is relieved. By doing this repeatedly some patients find the phantom disappears. Providing a visual substitute for the phantom limb effectively "amputates" it. The syndrome occurs in at least 90% of amputees - in two-thirds of those it manifests as an insatiable itch in the missing limb, many feel extreme discomfort or even chronic pain. In most cases, pain-killers and surgical treatment have no effect. Ramachandran's first phantom limb patient - who he calls Victor - lost his arm crossing the Mexican border into the US. He had an itch in his missing hand. When Ramachandran prodded him in the left cheek with a cotton bud, Victor claimed he felt it in his missing left thumb - when he touched his upper lip, Victor though he was prodding his index finger. The neurons that detect sensation in the missing hand, at a loss for anything to do, had somehow started detecting sensation in the face. In this case there was a simple and effective treatment for the itch - scratch the face. But to Ramachandran it also had theoretical implications. It appeared to demonstrate the plasticity of brain modules - their ability to adapt to each other and their environment. This was a radical idea as the established notion at the time was that the brain is made up of independent modules, insulated from each other and hardwired to a specific function. The notion of plasticity was something only a small group of scientists were considering.The 'mirror neuron' In 1994, Ramachandran proved the theory by mapping the brain activity of a group of amputees. Using a magnetic scanner he showed that neuron activity was indeed migrating from the hand area to the face. It was a ground-breaking study. But he believed much more could be gleaned from studying phantom limbs. What do you see? Since 1999 Ramachandran has been exploring the connections between brain modules through a condition called synaesthesia. Synaesthetes experience a blending of their sensations - they taste letters, hear shapes or see numbers as colours. It affects 2-4% of people, is hereditary and eight times more common among artists and creative people. Ramachandran suggests that synaesthetes have a higher number of connections between modules in the brain that process sensations such as colour and sound. He believes the condition holds clues to unravelling the mysteries of human capacity for language, creativity and abstract thought. Do you have synaesthesia? Try and pick out the twos in this sea of fives. Number-colour synaesthetes will see the twos pop out while normal people have to look at each figure individually to tell them apart. In the mid-1990s he followed the work of Italian scientist Giacomo Rizzolatti, who discovered an entirely new type of neuron that he called the mirror neuron. Rizzolatti observed that certain neurons in the brain of a macaque monkey fired when the monkey reached out and when it watched another monkey reach out. Mirror neurons were later discovered in humans too. Ramachandran began to apply this finding to his work with phantom limbs. If mirror neurons fired when an individual watched someone moving a limb, he conjectured, then visual perception might play an important role in creating the sensation of movement. His next subject, Jimmy, felt that his phantom hand was always agonisingly clenched, with his phantom fingernails digging into his missing hand. Ramachandran put a mirror between Jimmy's arms and asked him to move both his phantom and healthy limb simultaneously, while looking at the reflection of the healthy limb - effectively fooling Jimmy's brain into thinking his phantom was moving in a normal way. Jimmy felt his clenched fist release almost immediately. "This is because you are creating intense sensory conflict - the vision is telling you the limb is moving," Ramachandran explains. "One way the brain deals with conflict is to say, 'To hell with it! There is no arm,' and the arm disappears. "I tell my medical colleagues that it is the first example in the history of medicine of successful amputation of a phantom limb." He called the treatment Mirror Visual Feedback therapy or MVF. But it wasn't until much later that MVF was properly acknowledged by clinicians.Empathy In 2007, an army medic in the US Dr Jack Tsao, performed a controlled test on 22 amputees with remarkable results. All those using the mirror reported a reduction in pain over four weeks, those using a control reported no result or increased pain. At the UK army's rehabilitation centre, Hedley Court, mirror therapy has also been used for the past four years to help amputee soldiers to manage phantom pain. Mirrors and landmines Thiet Nguyen Xuan from Vietnam was hunting for scrap metal on a beach in September when a landmine exploded, blowing off both of his legs and two fingers from his left hand. Since the accident, he has felt a burning sensation in his missing fingers. The End the Pain project has provided him with a mirror and training on how to use it. During the training he reported instant relief in his phantom fingers. Over the next two months the project will monitor his progress. End the Pain hopes to extend mirror therapy to the estimated 300,000 amputees in Vietnam. "Prosthesis-wearing is key," says army physiotherapist Major Pete LeFeuvre. Those who wait longer for a fake limb seem to suffer more from phantom pain. This suggests it is the visual feedback of seeing an arm rather than the feedback from nerves within it that stops the brain getting confused. In Vietnam, a project called End the Pain has been running for the past three years to spread the therapy among victims of landmines and leprosy sufferers. It has reached over 100 medical practitioners so far and has also extended the project to amputees in Cambodia and Rwanda. The simple therapy has proven useful with other syndromes that have perplexed doctors such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, a term for unexplained pain. And at the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in the UK, an associate of Ramachandran, Professor Candy McCabe is testing the use of mirrors with acute stroke victims. Though it is in its very early stages, the experiment into arthritis at UCSD could provide the broadest use of mirror therapy yet. Much of Ramachandran's work since developing mirror therapy has focused on mirror neurons. He believes these neurons help us understand not only what is happening to our own body, but also to others. They are the basis of empathy, he suggests, our ability to feel what others feel. In 2009 he used the phantom limb again to provide evidence for this theory, showing that sufferers could experience relief from phantom pain merely by watching someone else massaging or flexing their own hand. While others spend million on machines with complicated acronyms, the beauty of Ramachandran's work is that he uses ordinary items such as mirrors, pens and paper. "The hi-tech stuff is very important but it lacks the aesthetic appeal of the other stuff," he says. "It has the slightly boring, banal quality to it."	274,486
Baylor Breaks Ground on Discovery Center - Baylor officials, donors and community volunteers broke ground on the new Discovery Center Jan. 31, 2001. - Sue Mayborn, chief benefactor of the Mayborn Museum Complex, was named Alumna Honoris Causa during the ceremony. She is presented her medallion by President Emeritus Herbert H. Reynolds and President Robert B. Sloan Jr. - Mules harnessed to a plow loosened the soil where the Jeanes Discovery Center will soon stand. Amid much applause and fanfare, Baylor broke ground on the last day of January on one of its most anticipated projects - The Harry and Anna Jeanes Discovery Center, the centerpiece of the Sue and Frank Mayborn Natural Science and Cultural History Museum Complex. More than 400 supporters and benefactors of the new Museum Complex looked on as a pair of mules hooked to a plow loosened the soil where the 95,000-square-foot Discovery Center will stand. Actual construction will begin this summer with a projected completion date of 2003. "This is a grand and long-awaited occasion," said Dr. Herbert H. Reynolds, president emeritus, who served as master of ceremonies at the groundbreaking. "The Jeanes Discovery Center will be a tremendous addition to the Southwest, and indeed, to the entire nation." Located on University Parks Drive next to the Baylor Alumni Center and easily accessed to Interstate 35, the Discovery Center, literally a collection of museums, will be the heart of the Mayborn Museum Complex and will incorporate advanced technology and interactive components that will appeal to children and adults. "The Complex will form one of the finest hands-on learning experiences for children and families throughout the Southwest," said Calvin Smith, director of the Mayborn Museum Complex and chair of Baylor's department of museum studies. "The Mayborn Museum Complex will incorporate new facilities, programs and state-of-the-art technology to rival or surpass any other natural science and cultural history experience in this region." Here's a peek at what will be inside the Jeanes Discovery Center: The Permanent Exhibits Gallery, emphasizing interactive learning for children and adults, this gallery will be the preeminent component of the Jeanes Discovery Center. Using a hands-on approach to learning through the use of experience modules and exploration stations, the gallery will feature exhibits in the areas of invertebrate and vertebrate paleontology, Native Americans, archeology, geology of Texas, space, rocks and minerals, and geology of Texas, among others. The gallery also will house the John K. Strecker collection, one of the oldest natural science collections west of the Mississippi River. The Children's World (the former Ollie Mae Moen Discovery Center), a special hands-on educational experience for children and their families that encourages participatory learning within 17 Discovery Rooms that include vertebrates, invertebrates, television and weather studio, communication, experimental education, Native American, people of the world, pioneer, recycling, energy, water and bubbles, optics, health, sound, transportation and simple machines and Mrs. Moen's Neiborhood. The SBC Discovery Theater, a 200-seat high resolution theater that will provide a stage for first-person vignettes of life in the past as well as distinguished lecturers and symposia. The Thomas E. and Emilyne W. Anding Exhibitions Gallery, an 8,000-square-foot gallery for traveling and special exhibits. This new facility will be the only one in Central Texas large enough to accommodate such traveling exhibits as King Tut and Genghis Khan. The AT&T Information Centers, twenty-two information kiosks throughout the building that provide supplemental interactive interpretation and distance education opportunities. The Doug and Ellen Miller Atrium of Wildlife Art, a gallery that will present changing, world-class exhibits of wildlife sculptures, woodworking and painting. However, the Jeanes Discovery Center is by no means the only part of the Mayborn Museum Complex. It also will encompass the Gov. Bill and Vara Daniel Historic Village, a late-19th-century riverfront community that provides a living history experience for visitors; the Environmental Experience, a nature trail that takes the walker through a biome once found abundantly in the Brazos River Basin; the Center for Museum Studies, the academic facilities and laboratories for Baylor's department of museum studies; The Waco Mammoth Site, the excavation area where 23 Columbian mammoths have be unearthed, also is considered a part of the Complex although it is located in another section of McLennan County. Baylor officials project more than 200,000 visitors will tour the Complex each year, with another 100,000 visiting the Waco Mammoth Site, making the Complex a great economic boon for Central Texas. "I believe it is one of the most unique projects in how it is going to help the citizens of Waco, much more than it will help Baylor," said Waco businessman Scott Salmans, who serves a chair of the Central Texas Steering Committee for the Discovery Campaign. "The reason I feel this way is that it will bring growth in our tourism and will provide educational opportunities for children and their families like no other." Baylor President Robert B. Sloan Jr. echoed these thoughts but believes the Complex will be much more. "When you think about the economic development that the Museum Complex will bring to Central Texas, when you think of how it will strengthen our museum studies program, but most of all when you think of the educational impact that it will mean for children and their families, then we are on the verge of seeing a project that is difficult to imagine its impact," he said.	52,487
3D-Printed, Vibration-Powered Robot is Ant-Sized Georgia Tech researchers have developed a new type of tiny 3D-printed robot that moves by harnessing the vibration from piezoelectric actuators, ultrasound sources, or tiny speakers. The robots respond to different vibration frequencies depending on their configurations, allowing the researchers to control individual bots by adjusting the vibration. About two millimeters long (the size of the world's smallest ant), the tiny bots can cover four times their own length in one second. The "micro-bristle-bots" consist of a piezoelectric actuator glued onto a polymer body that is 3D-printed using two-photon polymerization lithography. The actuator generates vibration and is powered externally. Swarms of these micro-bristle-bots could one day work together in the future to sense environmental changes, move materials, or repair injuries inside the human body.	186,240
On hacking forums, even the scammers aren’t safe Cybercriminals use a range of techniques to steal victims’ money — from developing malicious software to siphon financial data to old-fashioned "rip-and-runs" — but that doesn’t mean they’re immune to falling for these scams themselves. Scammers scamming scammers, including sometimes the scammers who have scammed them, is “an entire sub-economy” on darknet marketplaces, according to Matt Wixey, a senior threat researcher at Sophos. In a presentation at Black Hat Europe on Wednesday, to be followed by a four-part series of online posts over the coming weeks, Wixey detailed Sophos’ in-depth investigation into roughly 600 scams across three major criminal forums. Wixey said the research offers defenders more than just schadenfreude, it also provides “insights into forum culture; how threat actors buy and sell; their tactical and strategic priorities; their rivals and alliances; their susceptibility to deception” and, crucially, “specific, discrete intelligence” about the actors themselves. The team focused on “two of the oldest and most prominent Russian-language cybercrime forums, Exploit and XSS,” as well as BreachForums, the successor to the English-language RaidForums which was shut down in April by law enforcement. Scams are not unheard of among criminals and all three of these sites have arbitration mechanisms to deal with them. Exploit, which is described as “relatively exclusive” and a popular marketplace for initial access brokers, has “approximately 2,500 reported scams” in its arbitration room — bespoke locations on the forum where users can report scams and both alert others while also trying to get redress — while XSS has around 760. Claims about these scams are decided by the forum’s moderators. “Pretty much how all those forums work is that the moderator’s word is final,” explained Wixey to The Record. “That is pretty much the only option they’ve got, that form of justice, because there’s no regulatory body they can go to, there’s no ombudsman or anything like that… they could potentially try and do something more democratic, maybe, but that opens them up to all sorts of influence,” he said. The results of scamming can be significant. In one case, Sophos found an XSS user doxing a scammer, revealing not only their name, address, mobile number and social media profiles, but also the same details for the alleged scammer’s mother. Sophos was able to spot more than $2.5 million in losses from scams across the three forums over the last 12 months.. Some scams netted into the six figures, but the median amount that claims were made for is usually quite low: $600-$500 on Exploit; $500 on XSS; and $200 on BreachForums. “Victims have filed scam reports for as little as $2,” found Wixey. “Threat actors seem to be as indignant about having their money stolen as anyone else, no matter the amount.” The result of these complaints is usually a ban. BreachForums, as an apparent deterrence, also publishes the offenders' sign-up email addresses and both their registration and last-seen IP addresses. Rarely some kind of compensation payment is made. In one case, the BreachForums admin even appeared to personally compensate a victim out of their own pocket due to a dispute. Sophos discovered some prominent threat actors involved in the arbitration processes. One user, who has been accused of being the leader of the Conti and BlackBasta ransomware groups, had a complaint raised against them on the grounds that they failed to pay someone’s salary. The All Word Cards group, a prominent carding fraud operation, also claimed on XSS to have been duped by someone selling a fake vulnerability for $2,000. Types of scams The most common type of scam is a “rip-and-run,” according to Sophos, where either the buyer disappears after receiving the goods or the seller runs away after receiving the payment. The forums use a couple of mechanisms to address this — accounts earn reputation points based on a history of delivery, and exchanges can often involve some form of trusted escrow. Refusing to use such a guarantor, a middleman who holds the funds in trust and then only releases them after the buyer confirms receipt of the product, is a bannable offense on some forums, but there were cases where scammers impersonated the guarantors themselves. The administrators of the Exploit marketplace introduced a "fake Jabber checker" service for users to ensure the addresses they are speaking to are authentic. Sophos also found a poster on XSS complaining that they had purchased a Remote Access Trojan which itself was actually a trojan designed to steal data from the purchaser’s system. “As with virtually every scam report we read, the irony of this situation was apparently lost on the victim,” wrote Wixey. One of the most curious and successful scams the research uncovered involved 20 fake sites masquerading as legitimate marketplaces which charged a registration fee to be paid in either Bitcoin or Monero, seemingly “to take advantage of inexperienced researchers, would-be threat actors, and the genuinely curious.” After collating information from all of the Bitcoin addresses linked to these sites, the Sophos team found the network had been lucrative, receiving more than $130,000. The researchers were also able to tie the scams to an individual threat actor, a self-described darknet methamphetamine dealer based in the United States. These findings were passed on to law enforcement, said Wixey. Scam report posts “are a rich, and underexplored, source of intelligence,” argues Wixey. Although generally the cybercriminals know that the forums are being monitored by law enforcement “and so often employ good operational security,” when they are “victims of crime themselves” these security measures are regularly dropped. “Because forum rules demand proof to support scam allegations, wronged threat actors will often happily post screenshots of private conversations and source code, identifiers, transactions, chat logs, and blow-by-blow accounts of negotiations, sales, and troubleshooting,” found Sophos. The research said that of the most recent 250 scam reports on all three forums, 39% contained screenshots, while 53% went into considerable text-only detail of the scams. The reports including screenshots often accidentally ended up revealing details of cryptocurrency addresses and links to transactions. They leaked email addresses — sometimes visible in a browser tab in a screenshot posted by the criminals — alongside information about other individuals they were talking to on Telegram, and details about the other applications installed on their system. Sophos even observed one instance of a scam complainant sharing malware source code. Wixey told The Record he particularly enjoyed pursuing the more niche areas of cyber threat intelligence collection: “It’s really important to look beyond the typical identifiers that you get from threat actors. Not that they’re not of value, but I think there is definitely stuff out there that we’re less aware of that could be really valuable. These arbitrations are a key example of that.” is the UK Editor for Recorded Future News. He was previously a technology reporter for Sky News and is also a fellow at the European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative.	300,709
Families are facing a "growing crisis" when it comes to getting their children into primary schools, the head of a teaching union has said. The warning comes as figures indicate tens of thousands of youngsters have missed out on their first choice of school. One school in Bristol was so oversubscribed it had 4,000 applicants competing for just 40 places. Council across England have been warned they must increase school capacity by 20% by 2016 if they are to cope with the increasing number of children. Dr Mary Bousted, of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, accused the Education Secretary Michael Gove of failing to deliver on his main responsibility "to provide school places for the nation's children". For the first time parents across the country learned whether their children had secured places at the school of their choice on the same day. The picture emerging on National Offer Day showed significant disparities across the country, with an expected one in five children missing out on their first choice in areas such as Bristol and London. According to the Local Government Association, some areas - Costessey in Norfolk, Purfleet in Essex and central Croydon in south London - will see 75% more pupils than school places by next year. The increasing squeeze on school places has been blamed on a rising birth rate and the impact of immigration. Dr Mary Bousted said: "We know there is a growing crisis in primary school places and we know the Government, for all the money they say they are throwing at the problem, simply haven't got the mechanism (or) the ability to plan school provision where it's needed. "They have divested themselves of the levers to manage this situation." She added: "It's no surprise there's a crisis in primary school places, because Michael Gove has divested himself of his first key responsibility, which is to provide school places for children." The Department for Education said it has given councils more than £5bn to establish new school places, with more than 260,000 created already. But Lydia Gibbs, primary teaching and curriculum lead for the Reach Academy in Feltham, west London, said: "There is a shortage of primary school places throughout the country. "There is a sense of competition that parents would love to have their children come to our school. I know that because we were oversubscribed for reception places." Last year the school had 160 applications for just 60 primary school places. Bristol Cathedral School received 100 applications for each of its 40 places. Lou Birbeck, whose twin girls failed to win spaces there, said it was hardly surprising her application had been unsuccessful, given the level of competition.	273,629
London, May 2010 – ArtSlant writer Nicholas James had the great opportunity to have a brief chat with Yinka Shonibare about his commission for the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square, London. The work was officially unveiled on 24 May 2010. Shonibare has exhibited internationally through platforms such as the Venice Biennial, Documenta 10, as well as being a Turner Prize nominee in 2004. Shonibare's Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle will be the first time that a commission for the Fourth Plinth responds directly to the context of Trafalgar Square as this piece commemorates the battle of Trafalgar during the Napoleonic Wars. Yinka Shonibare, MBE, Maquette of Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle, 2010; Courtesy James O. Jenkins Nicholas James: Your new work is presented on the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square. Can you describe some of the initial thoughts you had in response to the commission? Yinka Shonibare: I wanted to do something that related to the history of the square itself. As you know there is Nelson’s Column in the Square, then I thought about the Battle of Trafalgar, really thinking about, why is it called Trafalgar Square? I arrived at HMS Victory, the ship in which Nelson won the battle. Because I’m of Nigerian origin, I was interested in the aspect of the British contact with Nigeria. The Victory at Trafalgar opened up British trade routes, that enabled contact with all kinds of people, and really gave us the multi-cultural London we have today. So I wanted to relate contemporary London to that history. NJ: Can you explain more about your model of the Victory and how it differs from being just a replica? YS: Well the sails on the ship are unusual; they are made out of African textiles. The textiles are Indonesian influenced batik, first produced by the Dutch in the 19th century, for sale to the African market. The fabrics were also produced in Manchester. I buy the fabrics from Brixton market and they’ve become a kind of metaphor for the international trade routes. It’s a way to talk about, you could say, globalisation on the one hand, and how this had its roots in the colonial period. Yinka Shonibare, Sketch of Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle, 2010; Courtesy the artist and Bolton & Quinn Ltd NJ: You’ve made tableaux and models that transform scenes from history. In fact I came across a ship in an earlier exhibition called ‘The Medusa’, that was wrecked off the coast of Senegal. I wonder whether that work was at the back of your mind with the Victory in a bottle? YS: Yes, I’m fascinated by ships anyway, so you are right. I have made a number of works around ships. La Meduse was a French ship wrecked off the coast of Senegal, and there was a scandal at the time because a lot of people died needlessly. Gericault made a painting about that incident. NJ: The epic painting, ‘The Raft of the Medusa.’ YS: Exactly. So historically ships have been the imperial vehicle, and in a sense my own identity has been formed by contacts made and battles fought over past trade routes. Of course the British Navy was very strong, Britain was a maritime country and with the Navy expanded its empire. So for many, many reasons the ship has been the vehicle of migration, of the Diaspora. The ship played a significant role in the trading of slaves. The ship is the metaphor for the movement of people on a grand scale and is very significant in that sense. NJ: The plinth commission marks the fiftieth anniversary of Nigerian Independence. Is there a message that the work carries for everybody? YS: Well in a way we’ve come full circle; the ship itself allowed the British Empire to grow and Nigeria is celebrating fifty years of independence from Britain. That independence is a kind of Nigerian self-esteem, if you like. The relationship Nigeria now has with Britain is very different, through the Commonwealth, and it’s no longer a subservient one. So maybe this is one way of celebrating that. Artslant would like to thank Yinka Shonibare for his assistance in making this interview possible.	26,737
A rhino has died while undergoing a controversial procedure. Spencer, a 22-year-old rhino bull, died during the controversial treatment which is performed while the animal is sedated. Spencer was unable to be revived from the anesthesia. According to the developers of the rhino horn treatment at the Rhino and Lion Nature Reserve in Krugersdorp, the insecticide would serve as a poaching deterrent by rendering the horn unsafe for human consumption. Additional information about this tragic incident can be found here. Photo: “Spencer” © & courtesy Pam Krzyza	38,000
Yuri Gagarin was the first cosmonaut in the world. Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was born on the 9th of March, 1934. He was born in the village of Klushino in the Smolensk region. Yura was an active, brave and curious boy. His father was jack of all trades and he helped his son when Yura made toy planes by hand. But the war began. Yuri Gagarin and his mother, father, brother and sister left their house and had to live in a dug-out. After the war Gagarin's family moved to Gzhatsk, now it is Gagarin. It was named after the first cosmonaut. In 1951 Gagarin graduated from a vocational school in Lyubertsy near Moscow. Yuri Gagarin attended an aeroclub and began to fly when he was a student of a technical secondary school in Saratov. In 1955 he entered a school for pilots. Then he became a pilot and joined the first group of cosmonauts. In 1960 Gagarin began to prepare for the flight into space. On April 12, 1961 Yuri Gagarin flew into space and spent 108 minutes there. It was the first time in history that the Russian spaceship "Vostok" with the man on board was in space. After his flight he visited many countries and saw millions of people. Gagarin became a Hero of our country. He died in 1968, but people always remember the first Russian cosmonaut.	137,717
Called 'A Series of Surprises' because of its unique architecture, mosaics and marble decorations. Westminster Cathedral was begun in 1895. Its origins go back much further, being designed in the early Christian Byzantine style by the Victorian architect, John Francis Bentley. The Cathedral was conceived to be built quickly with inside decorations added as funds became available. The structure was completed in 1903. Brick built the vast domed interior has the widest and highest nave in England and is decorated with mosaics plus 125 varieties of marble. This content has been supplied by Westminster Cathedral Venue Details & Map Victoria StreetLondonSW1P 1QW - +44 (0)20 7798 9055 - Public transport: - 250 yards from station on the right-hand side of Victoria Street. Loading reviews for Westminster Cathedral Are you a representative of Westminster Cathedral? Respond to Reviews Please be advised that any comments, opinions and statements submitted herewith are entirely independent and do not represent views held by, or are in any way connected to visitlondon.com.	257,009
May 4th, 2010, 04:34 AM UdpClient is defeating me. Most of my programming is in graphics (I lurk over at creators.xna.com) but I have an application that needs to communicate via UDP with another computer (an eye-tracking system), and I cannot get it working correctly, and need some help. I'm not a programmer by trade, its just something that I manage to do (most of the time) when I need it. I'm completly noob at network stuff, so please feel free to correct any misused terminology. These two computers are directly connected by an ethernet cable. There is no problem with the connectivity. The remote system that I wish to interact with has proprietary software that I can install on my laptop and interact with the remote computer. I can send commands to it and it responds, and it returns the correct confirmation data that appears in the remote command software. So, the communication link is there and working both directions. I'm not getting blocked by a firewall etc. I need to establish such connectivity via my own program, and am just having fits with it all weekend. The address of the remote computer is 169.254.206.214, port 4444. I assume it listens on port 4444 for any data intended for its IP address. I configure a UdpClient to send data there as: udpClient = new UdPClient() send_to_endpoint = new IPEndpoint(IPAddress.Parse("169.254.206.214"),4444); Then, I encode the message to send using Encoding... and send the message as That part works! I can get messages to the remote computer and it responds correctly. What I cannot do is figure out how to correctly configure a udPClient to receive messages. I have seen multiple examples on the internet, but cannot get any to work. The remote software is configured to send commands to my computers IPaddress at port 5555. I'm not sure what IPEndpoint I should set here. I thought that the IPEndpoint would be the remote computer's IPAddress and port 5555 (e.g., listenting through port 5555 for anything from the remote computers IPaddress). My most recent failure looks like... listen_from_endppont = new IPEndpoint(IPaddress.Any, 5555); sender = new IPEndpoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); receive_client = new UdpClient(listen_from_endpoint); byte message_bytes = receive_client.Receive(ref, sender); I know that code should stall until a message is received, but it is never received. I could go through the various ways I've tried to setup the listening port and been unable to receive any data back, but perhaps the simplest thing at this point is just to ask what the code should look like. I have a remote computer at 169.254.206.214 broadcasting out of port 4444 I have a client at 169.254.47.77 working out of port 5555. I need to be able to receive simple UDP packets from the remote to the client. I've seen enough various examples so as to say that I am really very confused about what all of this does on the receive side, and my noobness with these terms is making the MSND help of limited use. Tags for this Thread Click Here to Expand Forum to Full Width This is a CodeGuru survey question.	179,374
Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics states an overall growth of 10 percent in the employment of lawyers, the job outlook of personal injury lawyers seems to be quite promising. This is because personal injury cases generate a major portion of the total revenue earned by many law firms. A personal injury lawyer is a litigation lawyer who specializes in personal injury law, also known as tort law. He or she is responsible for defending the grieved parties who have been injured physically or emotionally, or have suffered a property damage, due to a deliberate intent or an unintentional negligence of someone else. These cases involve automobile accident, medical malpractice, product liability (loss, injury, or death due to usage of a defected product), and other cases where negligence has resulted in an injury or a death. The involvement of a lawyer ensures that the accused party compensates the victimized party for the losses suffered. Most of these attorneys/lawyers work on the basis of contingency fees, instead of charging on an hourly basis like other lawyers do. Therefore, their earnings depend upon the type of case and the amount claimed and won as compensation. Typically, 33 percent to 40 percent of the amount received as compensation goes to the lawyer as his/her fees. Average Salary by State The salary package is based on many factors; one of them being the type of payment the lawyer takes. There are several options in this regard, such as contingency rates, hourly rates, and fixed rates. Contingency rate is a kind of deal which is arranged between the lawyer and the client prior to the judgment of the case, where the lawyer's fee is a small percentage of the recovery money awarded to the victim. In 85% of the cases, this fee system is followed. In the hourly-rate system the victim pays the lawyer for every hour he/she spends working on the case. Many lawyers also charge a flat or fixed fee, where some portion of the fees is paid before the actual work begins and some is paid after the case is resolved. The following table gives you a state-wise median salary of this professional, as listed on the website Indeed. - All figures are as of June 2014 and are in US Dollars. - All figures are average annual salaries and may vary based on qualification, experience, location, type of employer, and so on. - The aforementioned figures have been calculated based on the various job postings, numbering more than 50 million, derived from thousands of sources for the past one year.	300,402
Ruggles Tract to Sierra Pacific, a history of Cal. Co. timber holdings 15 Sep 2008 A concise, although occasionally inaccurate, history of the large tract of forest land that was first cut by Blagen Mill, then American Forest Products, and ended up being owned by Sierra Pacific Industries can be found in the following history: We gathered more information about the Ruggles tract and its ownership path from Frank Blagen Jr., and we thank him for his major contribution toward trying to make this history accurate. Limbaugh and Fuller tell us in their book, Calaveras Gold, that at least part of the timber industry in Calaveras County had overextended in the twenties, and many had disappeared during the depression. They relate that even the giant, Pickering, failed during the depression and had to be reorganized before it could resume operations in 1937. Of particular interest to the Sierra Nevada Logging Museum sitting near the original site of the Blagen Mill, were the changes that took place in the timber holdings in Calaveras and Amador Counties. In 1909, a Michigan lumberman, known as “The Last of the Lumber Barons”, Charles Ruggles, purchased the huge Calaveras County timber holdings of Frank Solinsky and in the process, Frank Solinsky Jr. became Ruggles’s forester. In the twenties, Ruggles and Frank Solinsky Jr. formed the Calaveras Timber Company to serve as a holding company for the timber business. Frank Solinski Cabin out on what was the Ruggles Tract, Click to enlarge (Photo courtesy of Faith Roberts).(Taken as a slide by her husband, George, a State Forest Ranger, in the early 1960’s) We think it was near the Middle Fork of the Mokelumne River near what is still listed on some maps as Solinski crossing Death Notice for Frank Solinsky Jr. I’m including this here because I think it gives us information about Solinsky that I, at least, didn’t have. editor Frank Solinsky Jr. died of a heart attack at his home in Mokelumne Hill in August, 1950. Solinsky, the son of pioneer California parents, was born in San Andreas, the son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Frank Solinsky Sr., pioneer attorney of Calaveras County. Solinsky was a veteran of World War II and commanded the famous California Grizzlies in France. He was discharged from the army with the rank of major. He was the west coast representative of the Calaveras Land and Timber Company. In 1901 Solinsky as a young man began the task of putting the famous “Ruggles” timber holdings together and by 1940 had bound into a single unit 55, 000 acres of virgin timber lands in Calaveras County alone. Mr. Frank Blagen Jr. tells us that: As the depression approached, Ruggles defaulted on the taxes and eventually the timber lands were taken over by the Detroit Trust and the Michigan Trust. Frank Solinski Jr. was still in the act as the local representative. The Calaveras Land and Timber Co, was formed to act on behalf of the timber owners (Detroit and Michigan trusts). Backing up in time a bit: Ruggles wanted to have the rail line that was built to serve Calaveras Cement in San Andreas and Pardee Dam near Valley Springs, to be extended up into his timber holdings, but by 1927 well before the depression hit most businesses, his Michigan operations had fallen on hard times, Ruggles was in deep financial trouble, and the extension of the railroad became a dead issue. Ruggles died in 1930 at the age of 84. From mergers with the Winton Lumber Company in Amador County and acquisition of the Brown Brothers Lumber Company’s holdings in Amador and Calaveras Counties, the Calaveras Land and Timber had become one of the largest timber owners in the southern Sierra. They held about 60,000 acres in Calaveras County and about the same in Amador County. In 1938, Frank N. Blagen contracted with Calaveras Land and Timber to harvest part of its holdings in Calaveras County. When the mill started operating, the Calaveras Land and Timber Company had a scaler at the mill who scaled the logs as they entered the mill, and the company was billed for them. The price was based on a minimum amount and then adjusted for the rise or fall in the “western pine index” (which was published monthly by the western pine association) When Blagen got into financial difficulty caused by his Northwest relatives pressuring Crocker Bank to withdraw the credit that had been promised to Blagen’s new operation, he was forced to sell out to Stockton Box Company, a subsidiary of American Box Company (ABC) , who continued to harvest the timber belonging to Calaveras Land and Timber. Some time after American Forest Products purchased the controlling interest in the Blagen Lumber Company, the contract with Calaveras Land and Timber was renegotiated with the result that the minimum that was to be purchased annually (40 million board feet) was reduced, and in exchange the so called Amador tract was separated from the deal. This later allowed the Winton Lumber Company to purchase the Amador timber and build a mill in Martel. WWII brought great demand for lumber and lumber products and as a result American Forest Products harvested timber at a frenetic pace.In 1943 AFPC built a mill and a company town south of West Point. The town was named Wilseyville after Lawrence Wilsey the manager of the Blagen Mill from 1939 to 1954, and that mill was specifically built to harvest the large quantity of prime sugar pine in that area. AFPC purchased the holdings of the Calaveras Land and Timber Corporation in 1961, but closed the Blagen Mill a year later. Another year after that, they also closed the Wilseyville mill. AFPC acquired the Winton Lumber Company and used the Martell Mill for its processing of both Calaveras and Amador timber. In 1970 or 1971, American Forest Products was taken over by Bendix Corporation who built the Martell operation into one of the largest lumber operations in the state. In 1981 Bendix divested itself of AFPC. In 1988, Georgia Pacific acquired AFPC including 125,000 acres of timber land and the Martell mill. In 1988, Red Emmerson of Sierra Pacific Industries mortgaged nearly everything they owned and bought 522,000 acres of timber land from the Santa Fe-Southern Pacific Railroad, making SPI the largest private land owner in the US. Sierra Pacific Industries also acquired all the GP holdings in both Calaveras and Amador Counties, immediately shut down the Martel mill, and hauled all of the logs on that deck to their other mills for processing.. SPI now sends all of its logs, except for Cedar, to either Standard in Tuolumne County or Camino in El Dorado County. The cedar goes to Chinese Camp for processing. Editor’s note: In early 2009, SPI closed both the Standard Mill and the Camino Mill. In 2011, SPI reopened a modernized mill at Standard. The Camino mill remains closed, and the Chinese Camp mill mills only cedar. In 2000, SPI secured permits for limited clear cutting, but has faced major opposition from environmental and business groups to any clear cutting on either public lands or their own holdings. SPI continues to harvest timber in Calaveras County, but the total amount of lumber from the trees of Calaveras County is very small compared to the years when timber was king. White Pines: an addendum to the story. Frank Blagen Sr., as we’ve said above, didn’t own the timber that he, and later AFPC, was harvesting, but he did acquire the land upon which the Blagen Mill sat, and where the town of White Pines was established. We know that he acquired this land, in 1938, from the Davies-Johnson Lumber Company, the company who owned the mill in Calpine, from where the Blagens moved to White Pines. This company was owned by Mr. Blagen and his Washington lumbering family, but at the moment, how Davies-Johnson had acquired the Calaveras property is unclear. The reason for the purchase, or perhaps just a transfer of ownership, is also unclear. More to follow, we hope.	64,077
Marilyn Jones has not received any gifts yet Here is another angle to the Principle of Service and how you can use it to motivate yourself. The principle of service states that the demand of your service is determined by the quality of your service. This has been a strong motivator for me as a network marketer. I realized that if I offered an excellent product, more people would want to join the business with me. This motivated me to try harder with my marketing efforts. I don't think it was perfect, but I always tried my best. I was motivated by the financial implications. Tom Hopkins says: "The income you earn is little more than a scoreboard reflection of the service you give." If you know that your livelihood, a promotion, or even your career depends on it, then you are motivated to put in your best effort. You will get to work early, stay late and work during lunch because you know that if you produce excellent work, you will be rewarded. Let this principle motivate you when you are feeling demotivated at work. Be all you can be.	149,521
Fans of Forensic Anthropologist Nikki Alexander in Silent Witness may be interested in a talk to be given by visiting Professor Sue Black this coming Wednesday (February 6th). Professor Black OBE FRSE is Professor of Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology, and Director of the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, at the University of Dundee. She is also an Honorary Graduate of Abertay University, having been awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science in 2009. She has appeared extensively on television discussing reconstructions of the faces of historical figures recovered from cemeteries, historical sites of importance (such as Stirling Castle), and historical figures from other countries. These skills and abilities have been vital to the more gruesome task of examining bodies for forensic services in the UK and in mass graves abroad, as a result of ethnic cleansing. In “Forensic Anthropology: Getting Under the Skin”, Professor Black will deliver a wide ranging talk about the methods and scientific basis for her work on both historical and forensic subjects. She has been behind the drive to get a mortuary facility in Dundee to support the work she does, and will talk about the impact having such a facility would have on her own research and that of surgeons, dentists, students and medical researchers. The lecture will by hosted by the Division of Psychology and will take place at 2pm in Room 3004 on Wednesday, February 6th. Given the subject matter this is not a subject for the feint hearted.	220,178
We’ve moved from an agrarian through the industrial to the new information economy Three hundred years ago the world’s wealthiest people owned land. For centuries wars were fought to control land. Kings owned land, and by controlling it captured the value of everything produced on that land. As governments developed, reducing the role of kings, land barons became the wealthiest people in the world. In an agrarian economy, where most human resources (and pretty much all others for that matter) were deployed in food and shelter production owning land was the most valuable thing on the planet. But then some 120 years ago along came the industrial revolution. Suddenly, productivity rose dramatically by applying new machines to jobs formerly performed by humans. With this shift, value changed. The great industrialists were able to capture the value of greater productivity – making people like Cyrus McCormick, Henry Ford and Andrew Carnegie the wealthiest of the wealthy. Worth more than kings, government leaders, most states and many foreign countries. The age of manufacturing was based upon the productivity of machines and the application of industrial processes to what formerly was hand labor. Creating tools – from engines to automobiles to airplanes – created great wealth. Knowing how to make these machines, and making them, created enormous value. And companies like General Motors, General Dynamics and General Electric were worth much more than the land upon which food was produced.	93,607
This New York Times article discusses some of the pitfalls of cancer screening: A new study found that people spent an extra $1,000 or so on health care in the year after a test raised suspicions that later proved unfounded. "The key here is to make sure that people are considering all the possible benefits and harms" when they go for a screening test, especially one not recommended by health officials, said Jennifer Elston Lafata, director of the Center for Health Services Research at the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. Ms. Lafata led the study, which was published in this month's issue of Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. In addition to the financial costs of working up false positive results, there can also be health risks- for example bleeding or infection as the result of a biopsy. Go ahead and get the recommended screening tests (for example, colonoscopy for those over fifty) but avoid the "full body scans".	72,847
Extract from the Book The Japanese Tattoo The tortoise is a symbol of longevity since it is reputed to live “forever.” It also carries with it sexual connotations because its extending and retracting neck resembles an uncircumcised penis. The subject shown here asked Horiyoshi III somewhat unusually, to tattoo the top of his feet. The master chose the tortoise pattern and on the right foot added the kotobuki ideogram for “Congratulations” or “Felicity.” The client also requested tattooed eyebrows, ostensibly to make his face more fearsome. Cosmetically he doubtless hoped his narrow eyes would appear larger. I highly recommend this book. Reasonable Price for very good photographs. Buy it Here >> The Japanese Tattoo	90,397
Darjeeling is the name of a district as well as a town. If you are looking for information on Darjeeling town, you may get it here. This page provides information on the entire district. The word Darjeeling is synonymous with quality Tea in most of the world. This hilly district in the state of West Bengal produces some of the best quality tea in the world. The district is also famous for its natural beauty and rich ecology. No wonder that some of the most important tourist destinations of North East India are within this district. The district has four subdivisions named on the four major towns of the region; Kalimpong, Kurseong , Darjeeling and Siliguri subdivisions. Apart from Siliguri the other three sub divisions are in the hills. The town of Darjeeling is the most famous tourist destination of the region. The other common tourist destinations of the region include Kalimpong, Lava, Lolegaon and Mirik. In the recent past, a number of less visited but equally attractive tourist destinations have come up in the region including Lepchajagat, Latpanchar, Tinchuley etc. For those interested in adventure, the region offers plenty of opportunities to have your adrenalin pumping. Rafting in the Teesta and a trek to Sandakphu are the most common options. You can also travel to Sandakphu on a mountain bike. Innumerable choices in Trekking, Camping and Mountain Biking beacons adventure lovers to Darjeeling hills. The river Tista is one of the main Himalayan Rivers and most important river system in Sikkim and North Bengal originating from the glaciers of Northern Sikkim at an elevation of 8500 m above the mean sea level. The river is fed by the glaciers viz. Zemu, Changame Khanpu, Talung etc. It is an international river, which flows through the states of Sikkim and West Bengal in the Indian Territory and then to Bangladesh. Apart from its varied landscape Tista forms a diverse ecosystem throughout its more than 200kms long journey from high mountainous region of Sikkim to the low land of North Bengal. Tista flows freely, fearlessly and ferociously too. For years Tista has been worshipped as a natural deity by the thousands of inhabitants, who grow and prosper with it. For many people of Sikkim and North Bengal Tista is the livelihood as it provides fertile lands to grow crops, as it provides the base for Rafting, the popular adventure sports in the region, and also river camping. All seems to be changed suddenly with attempts of taming the river by building of a series of dams on Tista for the sake of generating Power. People of Darjeeling District The district is a home to the people of different culture, language, custom and cast. When British first arrived here in 1840, Darjeeling was completely forested and virtually uninhabited. There was a sizeable number of Lepcha and Gurkha people and some Bhutias during that time. By 1857 Darjeeling had a population of 10,000 people. The population increased after 1870s with the immigration of Nepal followed by Tibetian refugee in 1957. Because of fast development in Darjeeling, people from neighbouring countries like Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and even from Sikkim and West Bengal plains started to settle here. The most important community in Darjeeling is Nepalese, which holds the largest population. Apart from them the Lepchas, Bhutias, Sherpa, Newars are important communities having their won language, dress, food and culture. Most of the people of Darjeeling are follower of Buddhism, which is also known as Lamaism.The Gompa or the monastery is the pivot of the community life of both the Lepchas and Bhutias. However, Hinduism is also practised by a large number of the Nepalese people. The diverse ethnic population of Darjeeling has lead to a variety of dresses being worn in the area. The traditional dress of Nepali community - the major ethnic group of Darjeeling - is Labeda and Surua. This dress has been accepted by all ethnic groups of Nepalese origin and is used as a ceremonial dresses. Labeda is the upper garment for male which is like a jacket and Surua is the lower garment which is like a tight trouser or Indian Payjamas. The male headdresses are of many verity and all are round shape called topi. The traditional dress of Nepali women consists of a parsi (Indian sari) and Misa-la (long-sleeved blouse), Ga (wrapper) and Jani (cloth belt). However, the modern Nepalese People irrespective of their ethnic affiliations are now wearing western type trouser, jacket, shirts, skirts etc. the traditional dresses are now restricted only in social gathering and festivals. Apart from Nepali, the Tibetan Bhutia, Sikkimese Bhutia, Bhutanese Bhutia and Lepcha dresses are all basically of Tibetan origin and are the most colourful of their kind in Darjeeling. They consist primarily of a big dressing gown type coat called Bakhhu, which serves both as an upper and lower garment for men and women alike. The Bakhhu is made of wool, silk or velvet with woollen lining inside. The traditional Bhutia head gears consist of woollen and fur caps with projected parts to protect the ears from biting cold. Food of Darjeeling Rice is the staple food for all people irrespective of their cast and religion in Darjeeling. Apart from that a large quantity of maize and millet are grown in the terraced slopes in the hills. Millet locally called as marrua is the third important food, which is used by poorer section of people. Millet corn is usually turned into flour, from which bread is prepared. Among green vegetables, squashes, beans, potatoes, peas, tomatoes, cabbages, cauliflowers, carrots are grown in plenty in the hill areas and are supplied to different parts of the states. Mushrooms are very popular in the hill people and the bamboo shoots are known for its delicacy. Among the meat pork is mostly consumed in the Darjeeling hills especially by the tribal people. Beef, Chicken and Mutton are also consumed by the large number of people. Dried meat and fish is also taken by the hill people. Drink: There is hardly any taboo against drinking among the Nepalese, Lepchas and Bhutias. Spirituous liquors have traditional uses among all hill people. Among the drinks most popular is the millet beer called Tungba. Rice beer known as Jar is also very popular. Darjeeling being a land of polyglot population has several numbers of languages and dialects. Apart form different languages several branches of Indo-Aryan family, several dialects of Austric and Dravidian families are spoken both in the hills and in the plains. However, the dialects and languages falling under the Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan speech family are of great importance because of its dialectal variation. According to the Census of 1961, as many as 119 mother tongue groups were enumerated in Darjeeling district. Among them 16 languages could not be classified by the Linguistic Survey of India. In Darjeeling hills Nepali speakers under Indo-Aryan language family form the largest group. More that 75% people speak in this language especially in three hill sub-divisions of Darjeeling district namely Darjeeling, Kurseong and Kalimpong sub division. While Hindi and Bengali under the same language family form the major group in Siliguri sub-division in the plains. Among the various branches of Tibeto-Burman language family, there are Lepcha, Tibetan, Sherpa and Bhutia languages having their own linguistic identity. Whereas, the Tamang, Mongar, Limbu, Newars are some of the major dialects falling under the same category. However, these dialects are rapidly loosing their identity because of the influence of Nepali language. Beside the Tibetan, Bhutia and Sherpa of Tibeto-Burman language family there are speakers of the Sino-Tibetan Speech family i.e.. Garwali, Ladakhi etc of North Himalayan regions. Of the Indo-Aryan speech family, Nepali belongs to Himalayan group, Bengali to the Eastern group and Hindi to the western and central group. Because of colonial influence a large number of people in Modern Darjeeling district can speak English, which has been officially recognised by the government of India. English is largely used in different official work and also is a popular medium in schools. Source : The District Gazetteers of Darjeeling, Govt of West Bengal has been instrumental for making this page Tea Gardens of Darjeeling District The credit for the fame and fortune of Darjeeling Tea goes to these gardens that are spread mostly in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-division. About 42000 to 49000 acres are utilised for the production of the tea in the area. Dr. Campbell established the first tea garden in the year 1852. Within the next 14 years there were 39 gardens and the total production of those gardens were about 21000 kilograms. A recent study revealed that there are 86 gardens producing the famous Darjeeling tea. The total production is about 11 millions kilograms. The economy of the region is depended upon three 'T's meaning Tea, Tourism and Timber. Thus there is a great importance of the tea industry in the local economy. Tea is a labour intensive product and it requires a large number of workers during the plucking season. The workers usually live in the tea garden. They are provided with perquisites such as medical benefits, educational benefits. The total money value o the tea production is about 7.5 million dollars and it is much more than the revenue from the tourism industry. Most famous Tea Gardens: Some of the important gardens of the region include Ambootia: This tea garden is spread over an area of 966.76 hectares. The quality of the tea from this garden is cherished all over the world. Castleton: The Castleton Tea Estate is situated in an area of 170.96 hectares at height of 980 to 2300 metres. This garden produces about 35,000 kilograms of tea. Goomtee: This tea garden is serving the tea industry since 1956. The tea prepared from here has a special place in the industry. Happy Valley: Happy Valley is the tea estate from where the most costly tea of Darjeeling is produced. The Banarjee family of Howrah established the garden in the year 1903. In 1929 the area of the Happy Valley was increased when the neighbouring Windsor tea garden was merged into it. Margaret's Hope: The Estate is situated in Kurseong. The altitude of this tea garden is between 100 metres to 1970 metres and it has a plantation area of 361 hectares. The production of this garden is about 155000 kilograms. Makaibari: The Banarjee's established this tea estate in 1859. This is the only family run tea estate of Darjeeling. Located at an altitude of about 3500 metres, this tea garden won the award of 'Best Tasting Tea' in UK. Out of the total area of 673 hectares the plantation area if about 250 hectares. This tea garden is also a safe place of different types of insects, butterflies, birds and animals. Jungpana: The Jungpana Tea Estate is now under the possession of the Kejriwal family for the last five decades. The estate is situated at an average altitude of 3500 ft. This tea garden imports tea to the foreign countries like UK, Japan and other Continental Countries. The ideal environment for the plantation of tea is found in this tea garden and that is why this tea garden is considered as the best example of the finest Darjeeling Tea. History of Darjeeling Region The present district of Darjeeling is a creation of the nineteenth century by the accidental involvement of the British Indian Government in the affairs of neighbouring Himalayan states. Under the Titalaya Treaty of 1817 the Raja of Sikkim was bound to refer to the arbitration of the British Government all disputes between his subjects and those of the neighbouring states. After ten years some disputes between Nepal and Sikkim frontier arose and according to the treaty the same was referred to the Governor general of India. In order to deal with the dispute the Governor General sent Captain Lloyd and Mr. Grant, who reached Darjeeling for the first time in 1828. Darjeeling was at that time a large village. Mr. Grant and Mr. Lloyd were very impressed with the environment and geographical location of the town. They immediately recommended to Lord William Bentinck, the Governor General, the advantage of the location of Darjeeling for making it a sanatorium. Accordingly the General sent Captain Herbert, the Deputy Survey General with Mr. Grant to examine the place and approved the project. A series of negotiations with the King of Sikkim for the accessioning of the uninhabited mountain land to British India got started. Finally, on 1st February 1835 the King of Sikkim by an execution of Deed of Grant unconditionally handed over the land to the British Government. Soon the exploration and investigation began to develop the site as a sanatorium. General Lloyd was appointed as a Local Agent to deal with application for land, which began to pour in from residents of Calcutta. In 1840 a road was made from Pankhabari. Nearly 30 privet houses and a hotel were erected in Darjeeling. The rest of the land was however under forests. By 1849 Dr. Campbell of Indian Medical Service, through constant process turned the inaccessible track of forest land into an excellent sanatorium and improved the communication system. Several European buildings, Churches and bazaar and hospital were built. A simple system of administration of justice was also introduced. Also started an experimental cultivation of tea, coffee and various European fruits. The rapid growth of Darjeeling arose the jealousy of Sikkim Rajah who raised some rebellion against the British force. In 1850 a punitive expedition was sent to the frontier on the North Bank of Rangit River. As a result of the expedition a portion of land of Terai was annexed to the British territory of Darjeeling. There were few Sikkimese raids during 1860s, as a result of which Dr. Campbell with a small force crossed Rammam River and made a treaty with the Rajah of Sikkim in 1861. This Treaty put an end of all frontier trouble with Sikkim and with annexation of Kalimpong in 1866 the Darjeeling District reached in its present form. After the independence of India in 1947, Darjeeling remained a part of West Bengal. From 1986, a powerful agitation began in the Darjeeling hills seeking an independent state in the Indian Union. The agitation ended with the establishment of the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council under the Chairmanship of Mr. Subash Ghissing and has been given considerable autonomy in administrative matters. Another set of agitation lead by Bimal Gurung led GJM party between 2008 and 2011 resulted in formation of Gorkhaland Territorial Council (GTA) in 2011. This was an epoch in the History of Darjeeling. Source : Information is based on West Bengal District Gazetteers, Darjeeling, Govt. of West Bengal. The diverse culture of Darjeeling has given birth to different festivals. Theses festivals provides visitors with an unique opportunity to understand the local people and their culture. Most Hindu and Tibetan festivals do not have a fixed date as they mostly follow the lunar calendar. But the month is more or less the same in every year. In the middle of the month the Nepalese celebrate the first day of the month 'Magh'. They eat 'Tarool' which is the bulb of different edible species and which is collectively known as 'Yam'. The end of the year according to the Tibetan Calendar falls towards the end of January. A festival to forestall the evils of the previous year from coming to the new year is organised known as cham. The 'Cham' is a Tibetan mask dance and is held in the monasteries of Darjeeling as well as Sikkim. The best place to see Cham is from Thupten Sangag Choling Monastery or Dali Monastery near Darjeeling. Cho Nga Chopa This is another celebration of the Tibetans. According to legend this help increase the merit and devotion of the future generation to the disciples of Lord Buddha. Losar is the Tibetan New Year. In this New Year celebration the Tibetans celebrate by buying new clothes and eating specially cooked 'Momo'. The dance is one of the main attractions of the festival. This Tibetan Celebration is held for the offerings to the God. This is a typical Nepali Festival. This is the celebration of pray to the 'Devi' for the victory of the good. They take coloured rice with curd in their forehead as 'Tika'. The tike represents the blessings from the elders of the house. This fest is very important for the people living in Darjeeling as many of them are Buddhists. This is the birth anniversary of Buddha. On this occasion the local monasteries organize procession led by the Lamas (Tibetan Monks). This gorgeous procession comprises of Buddhist holy books. According to the Nepalese mythology 'Devi' is the goddess of the world and the puja is organised to keep her satisfied and stop outbreak of diseases like measles, small pox etc. This is a typical Tibetan Festival. It is celebrated at the beginning of May. It is believed that at the age of thirty-five Buddha was enlightened at Bodhgaya on this very day. The Buddhists celebrate this occasion as Buddha's Parinirvana. Asar ko Pandra This is the fifteenth day of the Nepali month Asar. They take curd and chewra on this special occasion. It is believed that Devi Parvati gave Lord Shiva the same food on this day and eating this will help devotees in getting deliverance. Dzam Ling Chi Sang This festival is held on the first week of July. It is the local Deties' Day. The Tibetan mythology tells that after seven weeks of Buddha's enlightenment, Lord Indra and Lord Brahma told him to turn the Wheel of Dharma and as per their suggestions Buddha did so at Sarnath and he learned the 'Four Noble Truth'. This is the first day of the Nepali month Sawan. They celebrate this day to keep calm the 'Devi' for saving themselves from scabies. Tendong Lho Rumfat The celebration starts on 8th August. The Lepchas believe that their ancestors went the top of the Tendong Mountain after the hard climbing of 40 days and 40 nights. So they pray for the mountain. Newar's Kwati Purne This festival is celebrated in the month of Bhadau. On this event the people eat special dishes made from sprouted legumes. The Purnima (Full Moon) is the most festive season of the Nepalese. In this time Jhankris (Witch Doctors) presents the cultural dancing dressed in their cultural dresses and taking the traditional musical instruments. This is their process to welcome the god and goddesses. The Nepali Hindu's celebrate this on the beginning of September. The Hindu Mythology says that there are four things in which Lord Bishnu stays and those are the Saligram, Tulsi plant, Pipal Tree and the Kush grass. On this day the priest gives everyone the kush grass so as the lord Bishnu stays in all the houses. This festival is for the married women. On this occasion women are seen singing and dancing in bright red fariya (Nepali Sarees). This is the greatest festival for the Nepalese. This festival starts with the arrival of the new moon and continues for fifteen days. Shrada or the homage to the dead ancestors is the main portion of this festival. Nepali Durga Puja Durga Puja is the main religious festival of the state West Bengal. The Nepali Durga Puja is also very famous. This festival runs for nine days. This is a must see festival for the tourists. After the completion of the Durga Puja, on the tenth day the elders give blessings to their younger and the also give them prasad of Shakti Puja. This ritual comes to an end on the full moon day. Here is the chance to see the traditional Tibetan Dance. This festival is the tribute to Guru Padmasambhava who brought the Buddhism in Tibet. In the Tibetan Monasteries the dance can be seen. This is the last festival of October and it is celebrated by the Tibetans to remember the descent of Lord Buddha. Tihar or Teohar : In this festival the crow represents the messenger of Yama, the lord of death; dog represents the guardian of Yama; the Gai or cow is treated as Laxmi, the goddess of wealth. All these creatures are worshipped in this festival. The Nepalese gambles on this day, which is customary. In the evening people celebrate this festival with lights and firecrackers. This is the festival for the Lepchas. They celebrate 15 days to memorise the victory over the Lhaso Mung Pung after 12 years of battle. They make an image of the demon with the rice and after the prayer throw it out from the house. From the next day they celebrate the Namboom by eating good foods, wearing good dresses and dancing. Accommodation in Darjeeling Region Mayfair is one of the best hotels in Darjeeling. The resort is build on the summer palace of Maharaja of Nazargunj. It is located on a very peaceful area between Darjeeling Mall and Governers house. Category: Luxury Plus (A+) Reviews: 2 On top of the Observatory hill of Darjeeling, Windamere is one of the best luxury hotels of entire North East. The hotel maintains its Raj aura and is a vintage experience for visitors. Category: Luxury Plus (A+) Reviews: 2 Barsana Hotel & Resort Siliguri, is a perfect blending of serenity and modernity, at a distance of just 4kms from the main town. Category: Luxury Plus (A+) Reviews: 1 The first home stay at Pedong Category: Luxury Plus (A+) Reviews: 0 Hotel New Elgin is a flagship hotel of the Elgin group of hotels. It is located next to Darjeeling Mall and is one of the best hotels in Darjeeling. The hotel building is a 1885 heritage construction. Category: Luxury (A) Reviews: 3 Silver Oaks Kalimpong is arguably the best hotel in town. The hotel is part of Elgin group of hotels. It is located close to the center of the town, couple of minutes walk from the police station. Category: Luxury (A) Reviews: 2 One of the oldest hotels of Siliguri, Hotel Sinclairs is a hotel of the famous Sinclairs group and is located on the Highway near the road to Darjeeling. Sinclairs Siliguri conceirges with all modern facilities and comforts. It serves excellently. Category: Premium Plus (B+) Reviews: 1 Viceroy is a more recent addition to the tourism map of Darjeeling. The hotel is located centrally near the Clubside Motors Stand. This is a modern Hotel with modern amenities. Category: Premium Plus (B+) Reviews: 2 One of the best holiday spots at Kalimpong where the peaceful nature and the roaring mountains draws a silver lining to the place. the food provided is very good with an understanding staffs. Category: Premium Plus (B+) Reviews: 1 One of the newer additions to the hotels in Darjeeling. This resort is located near the governors house in Darjeeling in a very peaceful location not far from the heart of the town. Category: Premium Plus (B+) Reviews: 1	173,532
How to make colored pasta - This dyed pasta is so AWESOME for kids crafts! It's also a great sensory activity that can be used to teach sorting, counting, and patterns. So fun! Tap the link to check out fidgets and sensory toys! How to Knit a Bunny from a Square with Studio Knit. Knitted Softies! via @StudioKnit Monster painting f you like making process art and trying new painting techniques with kids, keep this watercolour monster craft in mind for the next rainy afternoon. They are guaranteed to brighten your day!	217,516
REDMOND, Wash.—As more users are looking to use the Ruby language on .Net, developers are responding with solutions to enable it. Using the Ruby language on the Microsoft CLR (Common Language Runtime) is doable if you maintain certain guidance, said John Gough, a professor at QUT (Queensland University of Technology) in Brisbane, Australia. Ruby is an interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. Gough, along with partner, Wayne Kelly, another QUT professor, and a small team, have created a compiler for Ruby that enables it to run on the Microsoft CLR. The name of the compiler is the Gardens Point Ruby.NET compiler. Gough spoke at the Lang.NET 2006 Symposium on the Microsoft campus on July 31. He said his team had been doing .Net compilers for some time and was interested in doing one for Ruby. However, "Ruby involves some unique problems" that are specific to Ruby itself rather than to dynamic languages in general," Hough said. However, Gough noted that he was not trying to be critical of the object-oriented Ruby language. "Ruby has a community that can be fanatical at times," he quipped. However, among the implementation challenges Ruby represents for the CLR include mapping. "The central issues have to do with mapping the type system and the implementation of such dynamic language staples as closure," Gough said. There also are issues of blocks in Ruby. Ruby enables methods to be attached to individual objects as opposed to just classes. They can be passed on a per object basis or as a block. So the issue of blocks, continuations and dynamic inheritance present challenges to implementing Ruby on the CLR, Gough said. However, Gough and his team have been constructing a Ruby compiler for six months now, he said. "Its a real compiler, not an interop wrapper," he said. The compiler recently went to a public beta release over the last few weeks, he added. Sorting out the issues with Ruby on the CLR, Gough said, "The major problem with Ruby, as with a lot of languages, is there is no definition of the language semantics." However, "the thing that saves us here is the test suite, and the licensing conditions that allow you to experiment freely," because the open-source licensing of the language encourages free reuse, he said. Meanwhile, Gough noted that "everything in Ruby is an object with a well-defined class." Yet, the problem is that a class definition cannot be extended at runtime and may be defined over several source files, he said. So the classes in a Ruby program end up being represented in a small number of CLR classes, he said. In essence, Ruby classes are not represented one-to-one with the classes in the CLR, he said. For its part, the current implementation of Goughs compiler concentrates on the "core language" of Ruby, he said. And the implementation passes more than 860 tests in the QUT test suite, Gough said. Meanwhile, the groups interoperability system is in its early stages, "and we havent paid any particular attention to speed at this stage," he said. That is an issue because Ruby is "notoriously slow, but we have lots of ideas for speeding it up." In addition, Gough said the Ruby compiler project spawned the development of new tools in the QUT tools collection. One is the Program Executable File Reader/Writer (PE File Reader/Writer) API, also known as PERWAPI. PERWAPI is a managed component which presents on the client side an API to read and construct program executable files, he said. Also, early in the project Goughs team produced a C# parser generator known as the GPPG (Gardens Point Parser Generator), and the team is about to release a version of the Lex lexical analyzer generator, known as Gardens Point Lex, which emits C# and is designed to work with GPPG parsers.	59,676
Accession Number : ADA953808 Title : Test of Monel Metal Electrodes with Cores of Varying Aluminum Content. The International Nickel Company, Exhibitor. Corporate Author : NAVAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION ANNAPOLIS MD Report Date : 11 FEB 1937 Pagination or Media Count : 19 Abstract : A number of each of the four lots of subject electrodes were deposited under identical conditions, except for the slight variation of the current rate which was regulated to the best advantage of each lot. A welded joint was produced depositing electrodes from each lot into a separate assembly of 3/8 thick rolled, annealed monel metal plates. The assemblies were not preheated. Subsequently, a portion of each welded assembly was dissected into test specimens without giving this portion of the assemblies any post heat treatment. The remaining portion of the assemblies were heat treated and afterwards were dissected into test specimens also. The weld metal was examined metallographically. The electric cores of the four lots, as well as the weld metal produced by them, were chemically analyzed for their aluminum content. Physical tests were performed with the specimens produced for this purpose and in addition the hardness of the weld metal at the different regions of the weld was determined. Descriptors : Nickel alloys, Copper alloys, Aluminum, Electrodes, Metallography, Chemical analysis, Test methods, Hardness, Cores, Weld metal, Welded joints Subject Categories : Electrical and Electronic Equipment Properties of Metals and Alloys Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE	264,223
How emotions affect facial features? A practical guide to facial expressions The publication is recommended for psychology students, psychotherapists, doctors, law enforcement and people who are interested in the psychology of emotions, facial expressions, microexpressions, reading facial expressions and non-verbal communication. Thanks to the book, you will be able to systematise your knowledge of emotions, facial muscles and the recognition of facial expressions. You will learn how experienced emotions can shape the appearance of facial muscles and thus facial wrinkles. – How do everyday facial expressions affect the appearance of your face? – What emotions are hidden behind individual facial muscle movements? – What can your facial wrinkles mean? – What are the causes of asymmetries in the face? – What emotions can cause forehead lines as well as lines around the eyes, nose, lips and on chin and cheeks? Format: PDF. Number of pages: 125	93,501
- 16 Oct 2023 7:35 AM ‘We will first use the system for urological, then for gynaecological and general surgeries,’ said urologist Prof Dr Péter Tenke, who, having broad national and international experience, was the first to operate with the da Vinci robotic system at the Wáberer Medical Center. ‘Robotic-assisted surgery has many advantages, both for the patient and the doctor,’ the urologist continued. ‘During robotic-assisted surgery, the surgeon operates with four robotic arms that move devices with wrist-like endings exceeding the human wrist’s range of motion considerably. As a result, the operation can be performed much more precisely, with an accuracy of a fraction of a millimetre. And by analysing the movements of the surgeon's hand, the software can detect unsteady movements, hand tremors, making the procedure more precise and safer. With robotic-assisted surgery, the possibility of infection can be minimised, potential complications can be eliminated, blood loss can be reduced dramatically and the range of motion of the surgeon’s hand is far extended compared to laparoscopic surgery. These can result in faster recovery and, consequently, shorter post-operative hospital stays after surgery,’ Professor Tenke added. Surgical robotic systems have already been used for around 30 years in 70 countries. Their popularity is demonstrated by the fact that approximately 7,500 robotic systems support 60,000 trained surgeons worldwide, who have performed over 12 million successful procedures with the guide of the da Vinci surgical system. During robotic-assisted surgery, the surgeon no longer maintains direct contact with the patient, but guides the instruments on robotic arms introduced into the patient's body through a so-called surgical console. The da Vinci system’s camera delivers a 3D view of the surgical site that is magnified ten times to what the human eye sees. ‘Since the foundation of WMC, equipped with modern, 21st-century diagnostic tools, our main priority has been to provide our patients with comprehensive medical care and a wide range of services of the highest quality available,’ said founder-owner György Wáberer. ‘The shareholders are all committed to prevention.’ ‘We believe in the importance of regular screening; however, the experience of recent years has shown that this prevention-focused attitude is not yet widespread enough among the population and in many cases, recovery is possible only through surgical intervention. The effectiveness of these interventions and the reduction of recovery times can only be enhanced by the best specialists and with state-of-the-art technology. In the field of surgery, this goal, among other things, was achieved through the installation of the da Vinci system. Moreover, such a cutting-edge device can attract further excellent specialists to join our team,’ added György Wáberer. "We predict that artificial intelligence will revolutionise healthcare over the next ten years. We are constantly keeping track of these trends and strive to respond to them as soon as possible by developing our own services and diagnostic tools. Our innovative approach gives us the opportunity to work with the very best professionals and also to provide the highest possible level of care to our patients,’ said Dr Róbert Mári, Managing Director of WMC. About Wáberer Medical Center At the Wáberer Medical Center, we believe that we need to focus not only on recovery, but also on prevention. Therefore, we provide our patients with a unique level of comprehensive healthcare services, from prevention to investigation to outpatient and inpatient care to full recovery, through individualised programmes, transparent pricing and unrivalled quality. With many years of experience at national and international level, our dedicated team of doctors, health professionals and all our colleagues, are working to make our clinic a leading player in the Hungarian private health sector. WMC in figures: 3,500 square metres more than 40 specialties 10 hospital rooms (20 hospital beds) more than 5,000 patients per month 150 highly qualified doctors 120 health professionals full imaging and laboratory diagnostics “I believe that currently the biggest opportunity to create value lies in healthcare – that is what I am focusing on." / György Wáberer/ Wáberer Medical Center Address: 1123 Budapest, Alkotás u. 55- 61 Phone: +36 1-323 7000	286,586
A man from Nottingham believes he has found the world's smallest chicken egg. Roger Downing, of Gardenia Grove, Mapperley, has kept hens in his back garden for four-and-a-half years after giving in to pleas from his daughters to get some. On Thursday, he adopted three new companions from Brinsley Animal Rescue – former battery hens that the centre had rescued – and went to bed dreaming about scrambled eggs for breakfast. But after reading a story in the Journal's sister paper - the Nottingham Post - on Friday and seeing Debbie Whyatt's claim to the world's smallest chicken egg, laid by her prized brahma putra hen Missie, he walked down the garden to find his own little gem. "My wife pointed out the article to me when I was having a cup of coffee in the morning," he said. "Then ten minutes later, I found an even smaller one laid by one of my new hens. I couldn't believe it!" The egg measures just under 25mm in length, beating Missie's egg by 13mm. Mr Downing isn't sure which of the 18-month-old hens had laid the egg but he narrowed it down to his three new rescue pets – Scarlet, Violet and Rose. All three are brown warren chickens. "It is so strange," he said. "If I hadn't read the article that morning, I wouldn't even have thought of calling in." Chairman and co-founder of Brinsley Animal Rescue Jon Beresford said the size of the egg was unique. "Happy hens lay eggs for the rest of their natural lives but as they get older, the eggs tend to get larger," he explained. "We've been keeping hens for ten years and you see all types of eggs – misshapen, wrinkly or soft-shelled. "But in that time I have only ever seen one incredibly small egg." Mr Downing enjoys looking after his hens. He said: "They don't keep me too busy. "I let them out in the morning and it stops me having to cut the grass! They are good company and give me something to do in my retirement." Guinness World Records doesn't have a category for the smallest chicken egg, only for smallest bird egg – currently held by the Vervain Hummingbird of Jamaica with two eggs measuring less than 10mm. So what will become of Mr Downing's prized possession? "It is sat on the egg rack and we don't know what to do with it, although I am tempted to crack it open and see if there is even a yolk inside," he said. "It won't make a very big omelette!" Have you found a smaller egg? If so, please get in touch - email email@example.com or call 01271 343064.	133,554
A team of archaeologists has announced that the remains of a body found beneath a parking lot in the city of Leicester, UK, in fact belong to ancient English King Richard III. You know, the one who died over 500 years ago. In a press conference held this morning, researchers at the University of Leicester claimed that DNA testing has enabled them to identify the skeleton as Richard III "beyond reasonable doubt." When the body was found last year, its curved spine and battle wounds were believed to be consistent with historical accounts of Richard III's death in 1485. Additionally, the car park was close to where his body was believed to have been buried, and anecdotal evidence was already in place. But science, unsurprisingly, sealed the deal. First, high-resolution micro-CT medical imaging was used to analyze the skeleton. It showed that ten wounds suffered by the body were received before death—suggesting it wasn't a skeleton that had been tampered with—and confirmed evidence of scoliosis and battle-field trauma all "highly consistent" with Richard's ultraviolent life and death. Then, using radio carbon dating, the team was able to ascertain that the body dated back to the 15th century, and belonged to somebody who had been aged between late 20s and early 30s at death. Once again, that matched up with accounts of Richard III's life. Finally, though, a DNA analysis was undertaken to confirm the findings. The researchers explain: After careful excavation from the Greyfriars site, the skull, the lower jaw and one femur (thigh bone) from the skeleton were placed for safe-keeping in the clean room in the University's Space Research Centre – normally used for the construction of spacecraft components. Due to their preservation, the teeth offered the best hope of intact mtDNA but the femur was kept as a back-up source. Comparing DNA from the remains to that from four living male descendants of Richard III allowed the researchers to "triangulate" the samples—and finally confirm that the body belonged to the king, "beyond reasonable doubt." Quite an impressive finding, considering the body was unearthed from a parking lot. [Leicester University via BBC]	257,164
Bill to repeal archaic Road Traffic Act gives minister, ITA enormous powers TEN years after the process began, Government has finally tabled a Bill to repeal the Road Traffic Act which became effective on April 1, 1938 and was once amended in 2005. The long-awaited Bill, which was tabled in the House of Representatives last Wednesday by Minister without Portfolio in the Ministry of Transport, Works and Housing Dr Morais Guy, invests enormous powers in both the minister and the country's primary traffic agency, the Island Traffic Authority (ITA), over the use of its roads, including traffic, rehabilitation, vending, public demonstrations, and the use of the sidewalks and available signage space. Significant increases in the fines for breaches of the proposed new provisions have raised some concerns among the public. However, the enormous powers invested in the minister and the ITA are bound to become topical, as the Bill moves through Parliament and the expected submissions from stakeholders and the Opposition add to the process. Guy pointed out in the sectoral debate in the House of Representatives Wednesday that Government's decision to repeal the current Act is in keeping with "international best practices for road safety adopted for local conditions". "Since the Act was promulgated in 1938, there has been phenomenal development in the design of motor vehicles and roads, thus rendering various descriptions and requirements in the law obsolete," the Bill's Memorandum of Objects and Reasons states. The Act is being modernised and updated primarily by making the ITA the licensing authority and to delegate its functions; broadening the role of the Road Traffic Appeal Tribunal; providing for the reclassification of all forms of vehicles; introducing new classes of driver's licences and attaching conditions to the granting of these licences; and the transportation of dangerous and hazardous substances. In making the announcement, Dr Guy acknowledged that the ITA has often been characterised as corrupt, and that there are accounts of negative experiences in conducting business at the examination depots. But he insisted that ITA is in the midst of a major transformation and modernisation process, and that steps have been taken to "give new life to its operations and to aggressively treat with the negative image". "It makes no sense to skirt around the problem, rather we have opted to deal with them decisively and comprehensively," he told Parliament. He said that, in an effort to safeguard the processes, there are plans to automate the testing of applicants for driver's licences during 2014/15, and remove the written aspect of the driving test. "What this means, is that when an applicant goes for his/her licence, he/she will no longer use the traditional pencil and paper, but will input answers on a computer. Testing of the programme will take place at one of our Corporate Area depots with plans to expand it across the island," he explained. Furthermore, he said, in an effort to address documentation challenges at the examination depots, the Ministry's Information Management Department is partnering with eGov Services Limited on an Automated Motor Vehicle System (AMVS). This will allow for the automation of vehicle fitness information. The pilot project will be tested at the Spanish Town, Harbour View, Swallowfield and Spanish Town Road depots before being rolled-out at all ITA depots. "At that stage, paper-written certificates of fitness will be a thing of the past," the minister pointed out. The fines cover a wide area and could create some problems even for the Government services, as the Jamaica Urban Transit Company (JUTC) faces a fine of $22,000 for its smoking vehicles, and even imprisonment of staff for permitting "an unreasonable amount of smoke to escape from" the motor vehicle. Political party supporters who love to travel seated in the windows of the buses or hanging outside, on their way to and from meetings and rallies, will now face a $15,000 fine. People who block roads to make an impact in protesting social conditions face a fine of $20,000 for hindering or interrupting traffic, as well as for leaving objects in the road which endanger traffic. Additionally, individuals vending on any road face a fine of $10,000, and those staging events, including street dances, without permission face a fine of $25,000. And current JUTC Franchise Protection boss and former senior superintendent of police in charge of traffic, Radcliffe Lewis, would have found himself in trouble with this law for removing the 'No right turn' sign at Hope Road and Kingsway in St Andrew, as there is now a $50,000 fine and a month's imprisonment in default for removing road signs. The issue of driving while using mobile phones and other technology has been of major concern for some time, and the Bill proposes that the use of any electronic communication or other devices, including video, while driving, will result in a $30,000 fine. The transport ministry said that studies have shown that a motorist has only 90 per cent control of the vehicle when texting and driving, hence the need to come down on "texters" . Sounding a horn "so as to make unreasonable noise" carries a fine of $12,000; failure to equip vehicle with seatbelts and failure to wear them will cost $10,000 for the passenger and $15,000 for a driver failing to ensure that the passenger wears it. A ticket for failing to use seat belts currently costs $500. Driving children around without a child restraint system will carry a fine of $20,000; pillion riders without protective helmet, $15,000; failing to stop before reaching a place where children are crossing the road, $10,000; putting vehicles in motion while stoplights are showing red will cost $10,000; and overtaking a vehicle which has stopped at a pedestrian crossing, $10,000. Refusing to allow trucks to be weighed, $50,000; obstructing traffic while delivering or loading goods, $20,000. With speed, improper overtaking and failing to keep to proper lanes listed among the main reasons for accidents and deaths on the roads, the penalties in the Bill include heavy fines for careless and reckless driving, including a $200,000 fine plus imprisonment for five years and a 12-month disqualification from holding a driver's licence. For reckless and careless driving causing death, a $250,000 fine is proposed. Exceeding the speeding limit is proposed at $20,000, but those racing on the roads face a fine of $100,000. Other major penalties include $50,000 for driving under the influence of alcohol and up to $100,000 for failing to provide specimen of breath for breath analysis. Driving without insurance coverage, $45,000; obscured licence plate and unaffixed registration, $10,000; driving unlicensed vehicle, $20,000 and contrary to terms of the licence, $30,000; driving without a driver's licence in your possession, $10,000, and driving without owning driver's or learner's licence, $40,000; failing to inform the authority of a change of address, $2,000, providing false residential information, $5,000; applying for a driver's licence while being disqualified, $30,000, and driving while disqualified, $50,000. The Bill also covers the use of signage on the roads, as people who put up advertisements without getting approval face a fine of $50,000. However, the top fine is the $3 million proposed for individuals who go beyond the maximum laden weight for vehicles. Both houses of Parliament are expected to review the Bill before it is passed.	1,759
- The definition of a constraint is something that imposes a limit or restriction or that prevents something from occurring. An example of a constraint is the fact that there are only so many hours in a day to accomplish things. - a constraining or being constrained; specif., - confinement or restriction - compulsion or coercion - repression of natural feelings or behavior - forced, unnatural manner; awkwardness - something that constrains Origin of constraintMiddle English constreinte ; from OFr: see constrain - The threat or use of force to prevent, restrict, or dictate the action or thought of others. - The state of being restricted or confined within prescribed bounds: soon tired of the constraint of military life. - One that restricts, limits, or regulates; a check: ignored all moral constraints in his pursuit of success. - Embarrassed reserve or reticence; awkwardness: “All constraint had vanished between the two, and they began to talk” (Edith Wharton). Origin of constraintMiddle English constreinte, from Old French, from feminine past participle of constraindre, to constrain; see constrain. - Something that constrains. - (mathematics) A condition that a solution to an optimization problem must satisfy. From Middle English, from Middle French constrainte, from verb constraindre (French: contraindre).	206,592
Tax deductions for employers' contributions to pension funds and tax-deferral on the funds' investment income have long been sacrosanct. And thanks largely to the booming 1980s stock market, the pension system is flush: Nearly half of private pension plans have $1.50 for every $1 they need to satisfy future obligations. Those riches may be too much for tax policy-makers to ignore. Sens. Robert Dole and Nancy Kassebaum (both Kansas Republicans) believe the tax-free status encourages pension managers to trade stocks and other assets too often. That, they contend, exacerbates market volatility and retards long-term corporate planning. Their remedy: a 10 percent tax on gains from the sale of assets held 30 days or less; 5 percent on profits from assets held 31 to 180 days. And, some officials within the Treasury Department question whether pensions merit such special tax treatment, reports Robert Shultz, an Atlanta consultant who has managed pension assets for IBM and RJR Nabisco. "Were I trying to balance the government's books, the biggest revenue loss certainly could not pass unnoticed," says Shultz. A tax on pension contributions or other employee benefits would reduce inequities between low-income workers, who get mostly wages, and those whose pay includes big fringes and lots of deferred income, argues Alicia Munnell, senior vice-president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.	151,878
Why public colleges cost so much Tuition at public colleges and universities has more than tripled in the past 30 years. There was a time when those who wanted a solid and exceptionally affordable education headed off to a state university. Now, many states have cut their funding, and tuition has been rising -- a lot. In fact, the College Board says (.pdf file) in-state tuition at public schools has more than tripled in the past 30 years. "Over the 30 years from 1982‑83 to 2012‑13 . . . the increase for in-state students at public four-year institutions was 257%, from $2,423 to $8,655" in 2012 dollars, it said. The increase in tuition at private schools was a relatively modest 167%, from $10,901 to $29,056. The Wall Street Journal reported disturbing news from a new study by the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association: "The average amount that students at public colleges paid in tuition, after state and institutional grants and scholarships, climbed 8.3% last year, the biggest jump on record. . . . "The average state (and local) funding per student, meanwhile, fell by more than 9%, the steepest drop since the group began collecting the data in 1980." The average per-student funding is now $5,896, according to the SHEEO report. The figures are troubling even if you remove California, where a voter-approved tax hike prevented yet another substantial tuition increase and allowed schools to refund or credit this year's tuition hike. Sans the Golden State, net tuition rose 6.3% and per-student funding dropped 8%, the Journal said. In fact, state funding has dropped so low in recent years that NPR wondered whether some public universities still qualify as public. State funding is less than 10% of the overall budgets of the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado, NPR said. Why is this significant? More than 70% of postsecondary students attend public colleges and universities, the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association report says. That's the equivalent of 11.5 million full-time students -- a number that has grown by 12.4% in five years -- so lots of students are paying more. Expect public schools to work harder to attract not in-staters, but instead more lucrative students from out of state, foreign students and those who can afford to pay the full price, says an article in Inside Higher Ed. For example, tuition at the University of Colorado is $9,482 for in-state students and $31,559 for those from somewhere else. Tuition as a larger share of public university revenue has been a long time coming. "Over the past 25 years, the percentage of educational revenue supported by tuition has climbed steadily from 23.3% in 1987 to 47.0 % in 2012," said an SHEEO news release about the report (.pdf file). The Great Recession and its aftermath just made things worse for cash-strapped state governments. And in some states, you also get the impression that lawmakers no longer consider higher education a priority. All but two states cut per-student funding between 2007 and 2012 -- 30 by more than 20%, the report said. Federal stimulus money helped initially, but that was pretty much spent by 2012. This sounds mighty depressing, particularly if you were counting on an affordable public education to prepare you for the post-recession economy without burying yourself in student loan debt. So keep a few things in mind: Few students pay full price. The College Board says: "In 2012‑13, full-time undergraduates at public four‑year institutions receive an estimated average of $5,750 in grant aid from all sources and federal tax benefits to help them pay the average $8,665 published tuition and fees. The students pay an average net price of just over $2,900." Many schools are still affordable. The Huffington Post identified the 10 cheapest public schools in the country once grants and other aid were factored in. Kiplinger produces an annual list of best values among public colleges based on academic performance and affordability. You have options, like attending a nearby community college for your first two years and then transferring to a bigger school. Or you can graduate in three years. Keep in mind that blame for higher costs for students extends beyond state lawmakers. Says another Wall Street Journal story about rising tuition at public schools: "A number of factors have helped to fuel the soaring cost of public colleges. Administrative costs have soared nationwide, and many administrators have secured big pay increases .... Teaching loads have declined for tenured faculty at many schools, adding to costs. Between 2001 and 2011, the Department of Education says, the number of managers at U.S. colleges and universities grew 50% faster than the number of instructors. What's more, schools have spent liberally on fancier dorms, dining halls and gyms to compete for students." Has a greater tuition burden caused you or someone in your family to rethink your college plans? More from MSN Money: Has anyone really looked at the pension system that the universities provide. Not really talked about.... Some have a system for 401-Ks that has matching that goes something like this. You put in a dollar and they - the university put in three or four. While average teachers and workers in Michigan are getting lower wages, losing benefits, and lsoing defined benefit plans the universities which the state supports are being very generous, which is their choice, but are these cost controls...... When I attended an out of state university the decision was based on its academic reputation + what I could afford. Parents only kicked in room and board as in dorm living. Based on the above info, colleges are now touting fancier facilities rather than top class academics and it appears that greed has also overtaken salaries and benefits. Funny how many rail against upper level corporate management pay yet have no problem with university pay structures and the effect it has on affordable education. I work at a college and it is amazing what it costs students these days. When I went to college in the mid- to late-1970s, the tuition at a well-known state university, in-state, was $194 per semester for all the classes one wanted to take. That is basically $400/year and there were no fees tacked on.... That is not the case these days for the reasons stated in the article. Copyright © 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved. ABOUT SMART SPENDING LATEST BLOG POSTS A new survey reveals Americans are most embarrassed to admit their amount of credit card debt. VIDEO ON MSN MONEY BLOGS WE LIKE MUST-SEE ON MSN A charcuterie master shares his process for cold-smoking meat at home. - Jetpacks about to go mainstream - Weird things covered by home insurance - Bing: 70 percent of adults report 'digital eye strain'	62,823
Assistance to French speaking African countries in HIV/AIDS prevention Awareness, information and training on the risk management and the fight against HIV/AIDS. In cooperation with the French National Institute for Youth and Community Education (INJEP), Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius and Senegal were assisted by the following: - providing technical equipment, - organising information workshops to develop pedagogical tools, - training in ICT, - exchanging information at regional level through improved networking process.	206,524
John Skene, Lord Curriehill (c. 1543-1617) John Skene. De verborum significatione: the exposition of the termes and difficill wordes, conteined in the foure buikes of Regiam Majestatem, and others, in the actes of Parliament, infeftments, and used in practicque of this realme, with diverse rules, and commoun places, or principalles of the lawes. Edinburgh: Printed by Robert Waldegrave, 1597. 27 cm. John Skene was born into a noble Scottish family. After possibly attending school in Aberdeen, and later King's College, Aberdeen, he joined St. Mary's College, St. Andrews, becoming regent in 1565. After seven years in Europe studying law, Skene returned to Scotland and was admitted as an advocate in 1575. In 1594 he was appointed clerk register and began reviewing exchequer records. From 1592, Skene served on a commission to review and print acts of parliament and other laws resulting in the publication of The Lawes and actes of Parliament, maid be King Iames the First, and his successours kinges of Scotland (1597). The dictionary represents the fifth and final part of The Lawes and actes of Parliament. Skene's dictionary was the first Scottish attempt to define the language of the law. Perhaps best described as "idiosyncratic," the work drew extensively on earlier sources. A second edition of the compilation appeared in 1599, and it was rumored that Skene also prepared a third, unpublished, edition. The dictionary is littered with arcane spellings, peculiar grammar, and odd topics. Despite these limitations, the dictionary did fill a genuine lacuna and prompted other Scottish writers to improve upon the original. In spite of shared borders with England and a common language, in Scotland, legal principles and nomenclature were drawn largely from Roman law rather than Common Law, creating parallel systems with similar ideals, but with substantial jurisprudential differences. Tarlton Law Library holds four editions of this dictionary from the first edition in 1597 to 1681. Athol Murray. "Skene, Sir John, of Curriehill (c.1540–1617)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/25669]. Accessed 23 April 2010.	152,638
(click image to zoom-in) \|Author: Angelo Bronzino\| \|Painting, Oil on canvas, 48x119 cm\| \|Origin: Italy, Between 1531 and 1532\| \|Source of entry: Collection of Duke Antonio Litta, Milan, 1865\| \|Theme: Religion and Mythology of Antiquity\| Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The latter was ultimately the primary influence on Bronzino's developing style .... Wikimedia Commons has media related to:. Angelo Bronzino ... Bronzino - Wikimedia Commons 4 ago 2008 ... [+] Paintings by Angelo Bronzino in the Kunsthistorisches Museum (4 F) ... Angelo Bronzino 029b... 103489 bytes. Angelo Bronzino 030. ... - Wikimedia Commons Angelo Bronzino (1503 - 1572) was an Florentine Painter and one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century and an outstanding exponent ... Unless otherwise noted, images this web site may be used for any purpose without prior permission. Any material in the public domain found on this web site is not protected by copyright. We make no representations or warranties with respect to ownership of copyrights in the images, and do not represent others who may claim to be authors or owners of copyright of any of the images, and make no warranties as to the quality of the images. We shall not be responsible for any loss or expenses resulting from the use of the images, and you release and hold us harmless from all liability arising from such use. We do not sell art prints, framed posters or reproductions. Ads are shown only to compensate the hosting expenses.	96,731
Page 41. Lines Suggested by a Picture of Two Females by Lionardo da Vinci. By Mary Lamb. This was the “Lady Blanch” poem which Lamb sent to Dorothy Wordsworth in the letter of June 2, 1804 (see page 325). There it was entitled “Suggested by a Print of 2 Females, after Lionardo da Vinci, called Prudence and Beauty, which hangs up in our room.” The usual title is “Modesty and Vanity.” Page 41. Lines on the Same Picture being Removed to make Place for a Portrait of a Lady by Titian. By Mary Lamb. Writing to Dorothy Wordsworth on June 14, 1805, Lamb says: “You had her [Mary’s] Lines about the ‘Lady Blanch.’ You have not had some which she wrote upon a copy of a girl from Titian, which I had hung up where that print of Blanch and the Abbess (as she beautifully interpreted two female figures from L. da Vinci) had hung, in our room. ’Tis light and pretty.” * * * * * Page 42. Lines on the Celebrated Picture by Lionardo da Vinci, called The Virgin of the Rocks. This was the picture, one version of which hangs in the National Gallery, that was known to Lamb’s friends as his “Beauty,” and which led to the Scotchman’s mistake in the Elia essay “Imperfect Sympathies.” Page 42. On the Same. By Mary Lamb. In the letter to Dorothy Wordsworth of June 14, 1805, quoted just above, Lamb says: “I cannot resist transcribing three or four Lines which poor Mary [she was at this time away from home in one of her enforced absences] made upon a Picture (a Holy Family) which we saw at an Auction only one week before she left home.... They are sweet Lines, and upon a sweet Picture.” Mary Lamb wrote little verse besides the Poetry for Children (see Vol. III. of this edition). To the pieces that are printed in the present volume I would add the lines suggested by the death of Captain John Wordsworth, the poet’s brother, in the foundering of the Abergavenny in February, 1805, when Coleridge was in Malta, which were sent by Mary Lamb to Dorothy Wordsworth, May 7, 1805:— Why is he wandering on the sea? Coleridge should now with Wordsworth be. By slow degrees he’d steal away Their woe, and gently bring a ray (So happily he’d time relief) Of comfort from their very grief. He’d tell them that their brother dead, When years have passed o’er their head, Will be remember’d with such holy, True, and perfect melancholy, That ever this lost brother John Will be their hearts’ companion. His voice they’ll always hear, his face they’ll always see; There’s nought in life so sweet as such a memory. * * * * * Page 43. To Miss Kelly.	155,989
Internet Archive’s Virtual Retro Calculators Fuel Nostalgia For the last generation of techies who grew up before personal computers, calculators were a fascinating portal into the world of numbers. Last month saw new reminders that there’s still a community of internet users who have a lingering fondness for handheld calculators — especially the vintage ones that they’d used in those high school math classes of long ago. As the Internet Archive released a new collection of calculator emulators, appreciative comments started rolling in. One Archive.org user compared their own real-world TI-83 calculator with its new online doppelganger, calling the emulation “amazing … The colors are spot on and feels similar to the real calculator.” Another spotted the Texas Instruments’ TI-89 they’d used when getting a mechanical engineering degree sometime around 1998, posting that the emulator “works (and looks) exactly as I recall.” And one commenter even revealed that they’re still using the TI-89 that they’d bought back in 2001 — every single day! (“They are built like a tank.”) Although inevitably, they also remembered that it wasn’t always used for mathematics: “I remember playing Tetris and even Doom on this in high school.” Revisit the calculators of your adolescence with @internetarchive ‘s new Calculator Drawer, full of free and publicly accessible digital emulations of calculators made possible by @mamedev_org ! https://t.co/UHkx4xp72F #DigiPres #DigitalLibraries pic.twitter.com/UpfsPcfQtU — Preservation Week (@PreservationWk) February 7, 2023 The launch of the calculator archive was celebrated by articles from Engadget, Ars Technica, the Verge and the Register, and it’s all proof that vintage calculators from decades ago still have their fans. But this new online archive is just one of many ways to recreate the joys of a handheld calculating and graphing device. And in a recent blog post, Jason Scott, a software curator, heralded emulation projects like this as “the future of software’s history.” Preserving the Past One long-time fan of vintage calculators is Eric Rechlin, a technical architect. Since 1997, more than 22 million people have stopped by to visit his site, HPCalc.org, which houses his own giant archive of software for HP’s programmable graphic calculators. And there’s also Rechlin’s collection of 280 emulators of HP calculators (to be run on a PC). Rechlin points out that it’s just one of many acts of calculator preservation he’s seen over the years. “Online browser-based emulation of the HP 48G series has been available for quite a few years now,” Rechlin told me in an email interview. Though when asked about the Internet Archive’s new collection, Rechlin acknowledged that “this is the first time I’ve used the largely forgotten but still historically important HP 38G in a browser.” And if you want to browse the look of those classic devices, there’s “The Museum of HP Calculators” run by former Intel programmer David G. Hicks. In an online biography Hicks recalled saving his pennies as a 13-year-old in the 1970s to purchase an HP-25. By the 1990s, “I thought that this new web/HTML thing might just be the ‘next big thing.'” After creating a site showcasing his vintage HP calculators, “I was immediately deluged with email from fellow HP calculator lunatics who loved my museum but wanted to see more.” So, he said, “I gave in to the Internet masses and sought out every HP calculator made and updated the museum in roughly chronological order.” — Jawa (@CharredJawa) January 31, 2023 The Internet Archive’s new collection — titled “the Calculator Drawer” — lets its visitors interact with the calculators. And for that, Scott gave special credit to the team behind the emulation software MAME, an open source project that since 1997 has been recreating hardware systems for the preservation of classic games and other software programs. Scott wrote that “the vast majority” of emulated games at Internet Archive are using MAME — which isn’t a surprise. Thanks to the ongoing work of hundreds of developers around the world, the MAME team can now emulate “tens of thousands” of machines, platforms, and tools, Scott noted in his blog post. “The amount of arcade machines and computers they now cover is so huge, a site exists just to keep track of what they don’t emulate … yet.” So Scott’s blog post welcomed the emulated calculators into what he called “the Emularity.” (The Internet Archive also hosts two different collections with thousands of arcade videogames, plus separate collections of games from home entertainment consoles and from handheld consoles.) Currently, the Calculator Drawer consists of four calculators from Hewlett Packard, nine from Texas Instruments, and the delightful “Electronic Number Muncher,” a 1989 math game aimed at kids that came in a yellow case with a smiling elephant manufactured by Hong Kong-based Vtech. On its black and white screen, it dispensed equations for children to solve — and showed a cartoon monkey who dropped snacks into an elephant’s trunk. But with over 10,000 views, by far the most-viewed calculator appears to be the classic HP 48G+ (produced by Hewlett-Packard from 1990 until 2003). Calculators on Phones It’s not the only way to recreate the handheld calculator experience. There are also phone apps that emulate classic calculators — and a recent Hacker News discussion revealed that many aficionados are using them. One commenter wrote they miss the old-school buttons on a physical calculator, but “I still reach for my phone, which has an HP emulator running, to do calculations with what looks like an actual calculator,” calling the experience “still preferable to the computer. (“So, here I am, with a computer and having used computers daily for close to half a century, and still grabbing for a dedicated thing for doing certain types of calculations!”) They’re not the only one. At least one programmer also posted that “I still run a TI-89 emulator on my phone as the default calculator. It’s so much more powerful than the crap calculator apps that come with the phones.” Several commenters expressed their appreciation that the Internet Archive recreated their favorite old calculators online. Nick Kosmatos, a software engineer, posted: “My beloved TI-85 is there and brings back so many memories. It served me well all those years at the university and then some.” (Kosmatos still has an original TI-85 — first released in 1992 — but he reported that “its screen is somewhat broken, so it’s good that we have an easy way to emulate it.”) In an email interview, Archive.org curator Scott told me he was gratified to see people on Twitter “reconnecting with their old machines. You can see people proudly taking photos of calculators they have at their desks.” Scott confessed that when it comes to himself, “I actually never took math past 10th grade in high school, so calculators were never a big deal or something I gave much thought to.” But sooner or later, the software curator would catch the enthusiasm just from popular demand. “I happened to have a conversation with some people and they asked why we didn’t have any emulations up!” - Felienne Hermans, a computer science educator, on how she created an educational programming language for children. - GitHub reaches its 100 millionth user — and shares demographics about its user base. - A CS professor’s advice on avoiding digital, tool-based distractions from our “hyperactive hive-mind.”	233,619
You’re going to love this joke. Seriously. It’s classic. And it’s all true. Two gay guys walk into a mortgage broker. The mortgage broker says, “Do you have some undisclosed assets?”… “That’s what he said!” Ok, this isn’t quite how the story goes. But it does start with two men, pretending to be gay, walking into mortgage brokers across Western Sydney. This is the story of a beautiful sting. Last week, you might have heard a story doing the rounds about a special undercover-exposé conducted by a mildly-famous economist into Western Sydney’s housing market – which caught a special run on 60 Minutes. In case you missed it, this is the story as we know it: Economist Jonathon Tepper from Variant Research, together with his employer John Hempton from hedge fund Bronte Capital, pretended to be a gay couple, and went undercover into Western Sydney’s mortgage market. They shadow-shopped a number of mortgage brokers across Western Sydney, and found that mortgage brokers were encouraging them to be creative with their applications, and even lie about their details. Some, apparently, offered to forge up tax returns on their behalf. They were also encouraged to borrow an ‘excessive’ amount. Tepper and Hempton then blew the story though a short release to the AFR – the bulk of the report was reserved for Bronte Capital clients. They combined their shadow-shopping results with an overview of market fundamentals. The words “insane”, “crazy”, and “ponzi” were bandied about like nobody’s business, as well as a prediction for a price crash of 50-80%! (Any of this sound familiar?) The story went viral – not just here in Australia, but across the world. It had that viral factor. Economists pretending to be gay. An undercover sting. Irresponsible lending practices. A financial system at risk. Some of the biggest banks in the world caught with their pants down… The story spread like wild-fire. Markets freaked out. Banks shares were hammered. That’s what we know. What we didn’t know was that Bronte Capital and its clients had taken out short positions on the banks ages ago. That is they had bets in place that bank share prices would fall. They had also gone “long” credit default swaps (CDS), which appreciate in value when investors think that bank repayment risks have increased. Chris Joye at the AFR reckons Bronte Capital had established short positions around February 9 – over three weeks ago. Back then, it seemed like a good bet. The property market looked a little shaky after Christmas, and banks were facing funding pressures off-shore. But then on February 10, CBA released its half-year results, which showed default rates across CBA’s home loan, personal loan and credit card portfolios declining from what were already among the lowest levels in the world. It turned out that the plunge in oil prices that had rocked markets had been a blessing for households. That’s not news a short-seller wants to hear. It got worse. In the following week NAB, ANZ and Westpac also published trading updates that revealed few impairments and modest default rates. And despite the wobbles over Christmas, property values increased in January, auction clearance rates steadied, and the “crash” started to look a long way off. And so despite the worse predictions, the banks looked solid. Cue PR campaign. Hempton and Tepper’s released their “research” on Februrary 23, and it quickly went viral. As a result, bank share prices were hammered. CDS spreads (their cost of capital) jumped 18 to 35 basis points – the biggest single day move since the GFC! The short-sellers had a field day. Tepper, Hempton and Bronte Capital made a crap can of money. The sting worked like a charm. As one trader in Asia said: “It’s pretty obvious this was a well-planned drive-by from the hedgies. They were putting on the short equity and long CDS trades weeks in advance and started taking profits after the media campaign hit home.” That last point is important. If they genuinely thought a crash was coming, they wouldn’t have cashed out so quickly. They would have waited for things to get worse. If they were expecting a 50% fall in prices, why weren’t they waiting for it? Because they never really believed it. Sigh. Just another day in the markets. It’s tempting to laugh it off. One big hedge fund makes a lot of money at the expense of other hedge funds and the big banks. It’s almost a victimless crime. Or it would be if it wasn’t for the impact such scare campaigns have on the public – which in turn can shake the value of the houses average Australians own. But we’ve seen it before, we’ll seen it again. Banks have left themselves open to attack. By effectively outsourcing a good chunk of their underwriting functions to external mortgage brokers, they encourage doubts as to whether those processes are up to scratch. Those doubts might be justified. But at the end of the day, this is just a clever sting to turn a quick buck. Just goes to show. Believe half of what you see and none of what you hear. But don’t let me wind up in the talk-is-cheap camp. I’ll put my money where my mouth is. Let me offer up a little bet to Tepper or Hempton. If any suburb within a 25km radius of the CBD of Sydney or Melbourne sees a fall in median prices of 20% or more in the next 2 years, I’ll pay them $100K. That’s not even half of what they’re “predicting”. If not, then I get the money. Heck I’ll even give him 2:1. $200K to him or $100K to me. Funny? ‘Ha-ha’ funny?	19,816
How exactly do refugees fit into these landscapes? The question is about more than the capacity of towns and cities to absorb newcomers, it is equally about the types of social and spatial formations, and identities that refugees must learn about and adjust to. Of special concern to this project, therefore, are the ways in which refugees adjust to life in a predominantly white and semi-rural Vermont––especially those who are marked as racially, religiously, or ethnically distinct. What are their expectations upon arrival, and how do these match up their experience of resettlement? Do refugees maintain distinct cultural practices and identities and connections to their former countries? What new norms and customs do they adopt? These are some of the key questions we seek to address through indicator surveys of refugees who have settled in the area in recent years. The indicator surveys are broken into two phases: - An aspirations survey to asses the individual’s hopes for their new home prior to resettlement - An outcomes survey to assess how the same individual’s lived experiences compared to their initial expectations Also included in this section is an archive of various news articles about refugees and their impact on the local communities here in Vermont.	46,163
In Europe on Last Foreign Trip, Obama Warns against 'Crude' Nationalismإقرأ هذا الخبر بالعربية U.S. President Barack Obama Tuesday issued a warning against "crude" nationalism following Donald Trump's shock election win as he visited Europe on a mission to reassure jittery allies. Obama, making his last foreign trip as president, said the NATO alliance was "absolutely vital" to U.S. interests and stressed a strong, unified Europe was good for America, after Trump, on the campaign trail, appeared to play down the importance of transatlantic ties. After a year of populist shocks, from Britain's vote to leave the EU to Trump's surprise victory last week and the rise of anti-migrant movements in Europe, Obama cautioned against succumbing to divisive instincts. "We are going to have to guard against a rise in a crude sort of nationalism or ethnic identity or tribalism that is built around an 'us' and a 'them'," Obama said in Athens. "We know what happens when Europeans start dividing themselves up... the 20th century was a bloodbath," he said, adding that the United States was also painfully aware of the dangers of "(dividing) ourselves along lines of race or religion or ethnicity." Europeans, especially those in eastern countries close to Russia's orbit, have been shaken after Trump appeared to call into question Washington's near 70-year security guarantee by saying he would only help NATO allies if they paid their way. Obama stressed that the transatlantic relationship was the "cornerstone of our mutual security as well as prosperity" and that was the case regardless of who was sitting in the Oval Office. "Across Democratic and Republican administrations there is a recognition that the NATO alliance is absolutely vital," he said. As Obama touched down in Athens, NATO head Jens Stoltenberg said he was confident Trump would live up to U.S. commitments to the alliance. "I am certain that he will be a president... who will live up to all the commitments of the United States in the alliance, because a strong NATO is important for Europe but it's also important for the United States," Stoltenberg said. - Alternative to austerity - Obama met Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras for talks and praised Greece for showing "extraordinary compassion" to hundreds of thousands of people arriving in Europe's migrant crisis. More than 800,000 migrants passed through Greece last year, and the crisis-hit country has struggled to accommodate some 60,000 left stranded on its territory when Balkan states further north closed their borders earlier this year. Greek leaders are anxious for a new U.S. pledge to help alleviate the country's enormous public debt, a measure actively sought by the International Monetary Fund but opposed by leading European lender Germany. Obama, who travels to Germany on Wednesday for talks with Chancellor Angela Merkel and French and British leaders, said he would push for help for Greece. "In my message to the rest of Europe I will continue to emphasise our view that austerity alone cannot deliver prosperity," Obama told Tsipras. Even with structural reforms, he argued, "it is very difficult to imagine the kind of growth strategy that is needed, without some debt relief mechanism...(although) the politics of (doing) this are difficult." - Mixed welcome for Obama - Security was tight in central Athens, with thousands of police officers on the streets and an official ban on demonstrations in areas of the capital where Obama will hold his meetings. Many Greeks are suspicious of the United States after it helped install a repressive dictatorship in the country in the 1960s. Greek trade unions, leftist and anarchist parties have called for protests to denounce "imperialist" U.S. involvement in wars in the Middle East. "Butcher Obama is not wanted," the Communist-affiliated PAME union said, while the left-leaning Efimerida ton Syntakton charged that Obama's drone attacks have killed 4,700 people. The increased security also comes after assailants threw a grenade at the French embassy in Athens last week, slightly wounding an officer. Several Athenians questioned the possible benefits of a visit by an outgoing president. "He's just here for a stroll. Somebody else is taking over, and from a different political party at that, so there are no commitments binding (on his successor)," said pensioner Costas Bousgos. After Germany, Obama concludes his trip with a stop in Peru for a summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) where he is expected to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping.	246,726
Pregnant mothers and mothers of young children and teens might be interested to learn about a recent statement made by Belgium's Royal Academy of Medicine, which recommends that people in these groups refrain from a vegan diet because it creates "unavoidable" nutritional shortcomings that could lead to vitamin deficiencies, stunted development, and more. A vegan diet is one that cuts out meat, dairy, and eggs, and focuses instead on plants, beans, legumes, and whole grains. According to the statement, published online last week, about 3 percent of Belgian children follow a vegan diet. The statement called the diet "restrictive." Struggling to cook healthy? We'll help you prep. The Royal Academy of Medicine is an advisory agency to Belgium's government. Georges Casimir, M.D., a pediatrician at Queen Fabiola Children's Hospital, headed the commission appointed to research veganism and issue guidance on the diet. In the statement, he said that a vegan diet poses "irreversible" harms to pregnant women, children, and teens who follow it—due to the diet's potentially insufficient proteins and essential fatty acids necessary for brain development. He also noted that it can be difficult to get vitamins D and B12 when following a vegan diet. Statement co-author Isabelle Thiebaut also adds that "weight-loss and psychomotor delays, undernutrition, [and] anemia" can be effects of a vegan diet. The academy suggests parents and children who do decide to follow this diet take supplements and schedule regular check-ups. Related: 5 Dietary Supplement Myths Busted This recommendation does contradict several large-scale studies of veganism in children. A recent study of German children published in the journal Nutrients concluded "A vegan and vegetarian diet in early childhood can provide the same amount of energy and macronutrients, leading to a normal growth in comparison to omnivore children." And, of course, there are health benefits to a vegan diet: Studies have shown that eating a vegan diet can help you lose weight, keep your heart healthy, and even prevent cancer. A plant-based diet also helps the earth, reducing greenhouse gases and using less water. A Mediterranean diet could help those unsure of what to do split the difference. It focuses on lean meat and fish, and is heavy on plant-based nutrients such as legumes and whole grains. (Research has shown it's also one of the healthiest diets to follow, and there are a lot of reasons for kids especially to eat more fish.) If you'd like to try it out, here are eight ways you can follow the Mediterranean diet for better health. Related: Going Back to Meat After Eating Vegan Made Anne Hathaway Feel 'Like a Computer Rebooting' This article originally appeared on EatingWell. Source: Read Full Article	158,768
I Am Abraham: A Novel of Lincoln and the Civil Warby Jerome Charyn Jerome Charyn’s “daring” and “memorable” (The New Yorker) historical novel renders the inner life of our sixteenth president like never before.This unforgettable portrait of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War effortlessly mixes humor with Shakespearean-like tragedy to create an achingly human portrait of the sixteenth/p>/em> Jerome Charyn’s “daring” and “memorable” (The New Yorker) historical novel renders the inner life of our sixteenth president like never before.This unforgettable portrait of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War effortlessly mixes humor with Shakespearean-like tragedy to create an achingly human portrait of the sixteenth president. Charyn conducts an orchestra of historical figures and fictional extras centered around a profoundly moral but troubled commander in chief whose relationship with his Ophelia-like wife and his sons—Robert, Willie, and Tad—is explored with penetrating psychological insight and the utmost compassion. Seized by melancholy and imbued with an unfaltering sense of human worth, Charyn’s President Lincoln comes to vibrant, three-dimensional life in a haunting portrait we have rarely seen in historical fiction. Charyn certainly manages to bring the legendary 16th president down to earth; most readers will find it hard to view the Great Emancipator the same way after reading this fictional memoir’s description of him masturbating as a young man. But the novel also succeeds in making the legendary figure more accessible, using Lincoln’s lifelong battle with depression as an avenue through which to explore his life and perspective. The opening section presents the president’s memories of his last night, ending as Booth’s bullet shatters his skull, and then flashing back to 1831 as the young Lincoln begins life in New Salem, Ill. The rest of the book traces his well-known life arc, from prairie lawyer to U.S. president. This is a warts-and-all portrayal, not only of the lead, but of central supporting figures, most especially his tempestuous and difficult wife, Mary. Charyn has managed to craft a fictional autobiography that rings emotionally true. (Feb.) ""The novel...succeeds in making the legendary figure more accessible, using Lincoln's lifelong battle with depression as an avenue through which to explore his life and perspective... A warts-and-all portrayal, not only of the lead, but of central supporting figures, most especially his tempestuous and difficult wife, Mary. Charyn has managed to craft a fictional autobiography that rings emotionally true."" - Publishers Weekly ""I Am Abraham is not only the best novel about President Lincoln since Gore Vidal's Lincoln in 1984, but it is also twice as good to read."" - Gabor Boritt, author of The Lincoln Enigma and recipient of the National Humanities Medal ""Audacious as ever, Jerome Charyn now casts his novelist's gimlet eye on sad-souled Abraham Lincoln, a man of many parts, who controls events and people - wife, sons, a splintering nation - even though they often are, as they must be, beyond his compassion or power. Brooding, dreamlike, resonant, and studded with strutting characters, I Am Abraham is as wide and deep and morally sure as its wonderful subjects."" - Brenda Wineapple, author of Ecstatic Nation: Confidence, Crisis, and Compassion: 1848-1877 ""If all historians - or any historian - could write with the magnetic charm and authoritative verve of Jerome Charyn, American readers would be fighting over the privilege of learning about their past. They can learn much from this book - an audacious, first-person novel that makes Lincoln the most irresistible figure of a compelling story singed with equal doses of comedy, tragedy, and moral grandeur. Here is something beyond history and approaching art."" - Harold Holzer, chairman, Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation ""Jerome Charyn is one of the most important writers in American literature."" - Michael Chabon ""Jerome Charyn is merely one of our finest writers with a polymorphous imagination and crack comic timing. Whatever milieu he chooses to inhabit, his characters sizzle with life, and his sentences are pure vernacular music, his voice unmistakable."" - Jonathan Lethem ""Charyn, like Nabokov, is that most fiendish sort of writer - so seductive as to beg imitation, so singular as to make imitation impossible."" - Tom Bissell It should be no surprise that a historical novel by Charyn captures the attention. A deeply lyrical writer, he has proven himself adept at reworking America's historical legends from 1980's Darlin' Bill to The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson in 2010. Reworking is the key to Charyn's approach. His concern is not so much what has been written down about Abraham Lincoln's actions as the inner life and tensions of his famous protagonist: his depression, his deep feelings of unworthiness, but also his compassion for the downtrodden. This re-creation of Lincoln's life is as much domestic history as public, with Lincoln contraposed to his fiery but deeply troubled wife and his three very different sons. Charyn's Lincoln is a real man, not a stick-figure saint. He lusts for Mary Todd in language that is earthy, at times even bawdy. But Lincoln was also, and always, a man who strove to listen to the better angels of his nature, and this, too, comes out in Charyn's book. VERDICT This is another fine novel by a very good author who has a proven track record of attracting readers of all persuasions. What's not to like? [See Prepub Alert, 8/12/13.]—David Keymer, Modesto, CA Charyn (Johnny One-Eye, 2008, etc.) has Abraham Lincoln narrating his own story, beginning a few moments before the assassination and then telling the highlights of his life through a series of flashbacks. Lincoln is presented here literally warts and all, from his rough-and-tumble upbringing to his early career as a lawyer and Illinois state legislator to the burden of being president. His first serious relationship is with Ann Rutledge, with whom Lincoln is very much in love (though Charyn endows him with a 21st-century sexual consciousness that at times seems rather jarring). After Ann's death, Lincoln develops a case of the "blue unholies," a melancholy that haunts him for much of the rest of his life. He next takes up with the vivacious and demanding Mary Todd, who comes across as more of a burden than a helpmeet, especially when they get to the White House, where she is unadmiringly styled the "Lady President." Mary is preoccupied with redecorating, flirting and, later, with deeply grieving the loss of her son, Willie. The portrait of Lincoln readers get is characterized by emotional and psychological complexity, for he's a reluctant candidate, a caustic commander in chief and, at times (understandably), a diffident husband. He, too, is deeply saddened by the death of his son as well as by the deep social divisions he seems unable to bridge. Charyn skillfully weaves bits of speeches and a large cast of characters, most of them drawn from Lincoln's life, into his intricate portrait of the 16th president. - Liveright Publishing Corporation - Publication date: - Sold by: - Barnes & Noble - NOOK Book - Sales rank: - File size: - 2 MB Meet the Author Jerome Charyn's stories have appeared in The Atlantic, Paris Review, American Scholar, Epoch, Narrative, Ellery Queen, and other magazines. His most recent novel is I Am Abraham. He lived for many years in Paris and currently resides in Manhattan. and post it to your social network Most Helpful Customer Reviews See all customer reviews > The president of the United States presents a certain image, an image that does not always tell the people the whole story of the man. When we read each of the president’s stories, we discover that they have many of the same problems other people have. They make mistakes; they face challenges and sometime win, sometimes lose. Author Jerome Charyn’s novel, I AM ABRAHAM, A NOVEL OF LINCOLN AND THE CIVIL WAR, paints a picture of Abraham Lincoln, a man with faults and doubts about his own abilities, but who nevertheless became President of the United States of America. Using characters that really existed, along with fictional characters, Jerome Charyn gives us a vision of Abe Lincoln the man, husband, father, and president. The book is divided into sections with dates, locations, seasons, and other helpful information to help us follow the timeline of the story. Lincoln was a modest man. He worked at odd jobs such as mending pickets and building caskets, to name a few. He dealt with the death of two of his four sons and a spunky wife determined he would be president. His presidency was during a tumultuous time in our country, when citizens were taking sides. Lincoln could not escape the war, the odor of rotting carcasses, the loss of lives, the horror of what was happening to the country. And he was helpless to stop it. Abraham Lincoln is one of my favorite presidents. The Civil War is one of my favorite eras of history. I was so excited to get to read this novel and I was not disappointed. Jerome Charyn describes each scene so vividly I almost felt as if I were there, seeing the prisoners with their wounds, experiencing the hopelessness of their situation along with them, and watching Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd, grieve for her sons as she lost herself. Most of all, I see Lincoln a bit differently than I once did because the novel I AM ABRAHAM portrays the whole man Lincoln, rather than mostly his presidential years. This book would make a great addition to high school and university libraries and classrooms. It’s also an inspiring story for people who perhaps have few advantages in life to see that it’s possible they can achieve their goals. I highly recommend this novel for history lovers, teachers, and everyone interested in a good read. I was provided an ARC of this book for my honest review. ### What kind of mind could pen the immortal words of The Gettysburg Address? What kind of man could guide a nation knifing itself as he watched? What kind of husband could weather the eruptions of a wife battering the encroaching downward slope of lunacy? Jerome Charyn’s I Am Abraham paints a potent portrait of this gaunt, ungainly but fatherly man with words that will survive his own time. I Am Abraham is an excellent book—a true 5 star read. It was written by Abraham Lincoln’s mind! From his early years when the males of New Salem pulled him drowning, from the waters of the Sangamon River, until his last quick thoughts as an assassin’s bullet ripped his skull, author Charyn’s saga illustrates the depth, devotion, compassion and philosophical mystique of Abraham Lincoln’s thinking. Lincoln was an ambitious man given to melancholy. As the more industrialized North became cognizant and critical of the wealthy slave-held South, even as a young man, Abraham agonized over the animalistic treatment of blacks. He witnessed the bloody slashing of their bare backs—those who dared escape tyranny. Yet, there was little he could do. Years later during the Lincoln/Douglas debates, Abraham delicately tiptoed on a tightrope afraid to lose votes on either side. If he was to steer a nation, he must win big! The greatest lie of all was that the colored man was not included in the Declaration of Independence (144). While this mental dichotomy between right and wrong might have been the main cause of Lincoln’s melancholic depression, for sure, I Am Abraham exposes another cause: his worries about his wife’s mental condition. Thoughts of committing her to a mental institution tore at his deep revered love. I knew mother was dancing at some edge, on her velvet slippers. I didn’t want those slippers to crash—and imagine her in the mad house. (348) Mary had an inborn tendency to neurosis. When, as First Lady, her maternal instincts endured the despicable knowledge of enormous numbers of young soldiers—crying out, suffering, limbless, dead, she insisted that no son of hers would ever become “cannon fodder.” As I read I Am Abraham, I became aware of Lincoln’s faltering doubts about signing the Emancipation Proclamation. He did not want history’s judgment to show he signed the document so blacks could somehow join the anti-slavery movement to revenge the South. No, he wanted a death blow dealt to slavery itself, because it was unjust, unnatural, immoral and ungodly. He genuinely believed in the freedom for all people documented by America’s founding fathers: “… all men are created equal…. He wanted slavery suffocated because a united American people recognized it as its most heinous evil—not because blacks had to gain it for themselves. Lincoln’s deeply torn mind longed for a decisive Union battle win that was so significant that he could foresee an end to the war. —And it happened! It happened at tiny Gettysburg. It happened when Lee made a fatal tactical error. It happened because buoyed up important Lee tossed aside known battle engagement strategy. He dared encounter an entrenched battle line of Union troops on an upward slope. This overwhelming northern victory was the pinnacle Lincoln longed for. It finally provoked him to sign the Emancipation Proclamation. In I Am Abraham, Lincoln reveals his thoughts of replacing General George McClelland, his own appointed Commander of all Union troops. What troubled Lincoln was this: Even with an overwhelming number of fresh fully armed men, McClelland appeared to falter when battling outnumbered Lee. Lincoln sought a general with the guts to fight—and the one man who seemed to have an increasing number of victories was Ulysses Grant. He had none of the flamboyant excesses of McClelland. Rather, he was concerned with one end—win the war and do it quickly. Eventually, Lincoln replaced McClelland with Grant who won battles by persistence and attrition of southern troops. Grant did not escape criticism! Why? The man was relentless. If he won a minor skirmish, he gave his enemy no time to recoup or regroup. Almost fanatically, he hounded the southern army with wave after wave of Union troops. There seemed to be no end to the number of youthful recruits who died in battle after battle. Not so for the South where the number of young and old, willing to fight, was quickly dwindling. I Am Abraham is a book worth reading and worth remembering. I’ve often wondered how any person could have written the unforgettable words of the Gettysburg Address. But after following the mind of Abraham Lincoln through the challenges he faced during the time period author Charyn brought to life, I now see a great man, a very great man, a towering man, a gaunt soul, a prayerful man hovering over a lantern, trying to give birth to words that would praise every soul buried at Gettysburg. Thousands upon thousands died—their early deaths rested solely on the conscience of Abraham who often wondered about his own righteousness as he stared in a mirror: I’d become a bag of bones. It was the terror on my brow—fierce and unfriendly as an open sore. My face was a silent scream that suddenly cracked open, shook the chandeliers, and shivered right through the glass (389). This book is as unforgettable as Lincoln’s famous address. As you read it you will visit the battlefield seen through his eyes. Can you imagine the rotting horrors of a war he could have prevented by tolerating southern secession? Visualize your loathing that might exist today if you hightailed through the South knowing that the extremely wealthy still ate food offered up by the blood of their enslaved. And how did Lincoln favor his wife—dare he keep his son Robert out of combat? Could any man stay sane under the mountain of grief and hardship this one lone man had caused because he felt it was right in the sight of our forefathers and his God. Read this work. Keep it by your nightstand. Its haunting passages are worth reading again and again: “Forescore and seven years ago …” The author's note of I AM ABRAHAM is extremely telling. Jerome Charyn starts off by saying, "I never liked Lincoln." So how did he end up embodying the voice of the sixteenth president of the United States for the course of a full-length novel? He found out they had something in common. Charyn continues, "I had a new entry point into Lincoln's life and language—my own crippling bouts of depression." It takes a tremendous amount of courage for an author to reveal something so personal when it comes to citing a means of inspiration. Kudos to Charyn for opening up about his own struggles with depression and how it colored his perception of an icon, making him human and vulnerable. This sense of camaraderie is apparent in Charyn's understanding approach to a man struggling to maintain some sense of equilibrium as the nation crashed and burned around him. After reading the book in its entirety, it's amazing how Lincoln was strong enough to hold himself together during such a period of prolonged crisis. While working his way up the political ladder as a young man in Illinois, Lincoln was overcome on multiple occasions by his mental illness that one time he didn't leave his dwelling for the entire month of January and tried to harm himself on another. But facing a war that was the bloodiest in American history, Lincoln couldn't take to his bed and shut out the world. He was the commander in chief of the Union forces. His attitude set the tone for rest of the country. Even if he wanted to run and hide from the calamity at his doorstep, he couldn't. The strain that must have placed on his psyche is hauntingly rendered by Charyn. What's even more remarkable is that Charyn shows how Lincoln didn't have much of a support system in place. His wife was mentally unstable. His eldest son never said more than two words to him, and his younger son wasn't old enough to hear about his burdens. His cabinet members bickered and quarreled among themselves. His generals were after his job. The press analyzed every move he made, and the American public was quick to cast blame for every mistake and every battle lost. Essentially, he had no one to turn to. Without any available antidepressants, psychological counseling or group therapy, it's a miracle in and of itself that he never suffered a breakdown while in office. Charyn paints Lincoln as The Great Sufferer, illustrating how much he went through over the course of a relatively short life. From his rustic, primitive childhood shackled to an abusive father to coping with year after year of poverty and failure as a penniless, uneducated man trying to rise in the ranks, it's simply incredible how Lincoln was able to achieve as much as he did with the deck so clearly stacked against him. But Charyn's writing style is sort of like looking at Lincoln with one eye closed. The book transports the reader into hallucinogenic state, like taking a hit off a joint while thumbing through unfamiliar milestones in the life of someone so famous. Charyn gets into the emotions and thoughts of Lincoln the man, the women he loved, the insecurities he harbored, the lack of driving ambition he fostered. This isn't the Lincoln of dates and battles and speeches. It's a look behind all of those facts and into the memories that might've been most important to him, instead of the way history defined him. Charyn conducts his own kind of seance with a man who inspired so many. He's one of the few able to conjure the true essence of Lincoln's soul, chiseling him out of heartfelt pathos instead of cold, hard marble. It's a beautiful and moving tribute of one melancholy mind saluting another through their shared passion for the written word. For over four hundred pages, Charyn proudly declares, "I am Abraham," and for the reader his approach is nothing short of believable. I thought this book was so alive with feeling. With real thought and emotion, not remotely like most fiction that is out there. It brought a more human element to history without dwelling on the cold hard facts. There was an undeniable realism to what was being said that made me feel that I was there. I have had respect for the 16th President of the United States, President Abraham Lincoln, since I was in Elementary School. I always admired his perseverance, dedication to learning, desire to succeed, and refusal to give up. When this book arrived in my mail box, I couldn't wait to open the package and get started! They say you shouldn't judge a book by it's cover, but I have to disagree when it comes to this book. This book cover is as beautiful as the contents of the book! This fictional story is written so well, it drove me to the internet to conduct research to separate the facts from the fiction of President Lincoln's life. The story is written so well, I didn't want to put the book down; but with 482 pages, it took me a few days! I would highly recommend you pick up a copy of this book-you won't be sorry! Narrated in Lincoln's own voice, the tragicomic I Am Abraham promises to be the masterwork of Jerome Charyn's remarkable career. Since publishing his first novel in 1964, Jerome Charyn has established himself as one of the most inventive and prolific literary chroniclers of the American landscape. Here in I Am Abraham, Charyn returns with an unforgettable portrait of Lincoln and the Civil War. Narrated boldly in the first person, I Am Abraham effortlessly mixes humor with Shakespearean-like tragedy, in the process creating an achingly human portrait of our sixteenth President. Tracing the historic arc of Lincoln's life from his picaresque days as a gangly young lawyer in Sangamon County, Illinois, through his improbable marriage to Kentucky belle Mary Todd, to his 1865 visit to war-shattered Richmond only days before his assassination, I Am Abraham hews closely to the familiar Lincoln saga. Charyn seamlessly braids historical figures such as Mrs. Keckley-the former slave, who became the First Lady's dressmaker and confidante-and the swaggering and almost treasonous General McClellan with a parade of fictional extras: wise-cracking knaves, conniving hangers-on, speculators, scheming Senators, and even patriotic whores. We encounter the renegade Rebel soldiers who flanked the District in tattered uniforms and cardboard shoes, living in a no-man's-land between North and South; as well as the Northern deserters, young men all, with sunken, hollowed faces, sitting in the punishing sun, waiting for their rendezvous with the firing squad; and the black recruits, whom Lincoln's own generals wanted to discard, but who play a pivotal role in winning the Civil War. At the center of this grand pageant is always Lincoln himself, clad in a green shawl, pacing the White House halls in the darkest hours of America's bloodiest war. Using biblically cadenced prose, cornpone nineteenth-century humor, and Lincoln's own letters and speeches, Charyn concocts a profoundly moral but troubled commander in chief, whose relationship with his Ophelia-like wife and sons-Robert, Willie, and Tad-is explored with penetrating psychological insight and the utmost compassion. Seized by melancholy and imbued with an unfaltering sense of human worth, Charyn's President Lincoln comes to vibrant, three-dimensional life in a haunting portrait we have rarely seen in historical fiction. Period pieces are tricky. There are so many little details an author needs to get right. The diction. The etiquette. The mood. A lot of times authors fudge their way through, looking to Hollywood for inspiration. Not so with I AM ABRAHAM. Jerome Charyn provides the real deal. This is an author who certainly did his homework. He visited the battlefield at Gettysburg. He walked through the Confederate White House in Richmond. He spent time at Lincoln's summer cottage in Washington, DC. He talked with experts and chatted with National Park rangers. Retracing Lincoln's footprints, he put in the legwork. Charyn goes the extra mile to get inside Lincoln's head, and boy, does it show on the page. Nineteenth century life wasn't easy and Charyn captures that essence especially when it comes to hygiene. People walk around with blackened, decaying teeth and pockmarked faces. Women are confined to a secluded room filled with rags for their menses, even the First Lady. Breathing in the fumes of rotting bodies at Gettysburg causes the president to fall ill after delivering his famed address. Playing in the unsanitary conditions of a nearby swamp brings about the death of his son, Willie. And that's not even taking into consideration the dangers of the battlefield. In the beginning, civilians journey out to Manassas for a picnic lunch in order to watch men being slaughtered at Bull Run. The idea of war as a means of entertainment quickly vanishes as the reality holds the nation in its grip for four long years. Confederate troops don Union uniforms to confuse the enemy. Prisoners of war are either left out in the elements or assigned to rot in a glorified whore house. Southern cities are burned and looted, allowing bands of derelicts and marauders to harass widows, children and the newly freed slaves. In an era where even Lincoln rescinds habeas corpus, no one can depend on the rule of law to keep them safe. By granting Lincoln a second term, the American public sends him a definitive message to end the madness. And by naming Ulysses S. Grant the first three-star general since George Washington, Lincoln employs a killer to do it. He knows Grant has a penchant for butchery and he realizes that's what it's going to take to prevent Southern troops from fleeing to Florida and prolonging the war. Grant doesn't feel comfortable in the ballrooms and posh hotels of the Capitol. He's a man used to sleeping on the ground and crafting his dispatches amid cannon fire. He gets the job done and nothing sways the public like winning. The dramatic tension is thick between what Lincoln wants and what Lincoln needs. He's a Christian man of values, but he's also a veteran of the Black Hawk Indian War. He's an orator, as well as a warrior. He liberates the slaves with his pen, and brings the South to its knees with Sherman's March to the Sea. Using both tactics, he stems the bloodshed albeit sacrificing his own life in the process as the blood offering for the Confederacy's surrender. He didn't cause Dixie's suffering, nor did he prevent it. He's a martyr to the cause of preserving the nation, even if he approved any means necessary in order to bring it back together. Charyn fittingly has him walk through the aftermath of such destruction in the book's final chapter, before he's so brutally gunned down at Ford's Theater. Abandoning Richmond to its fate, the South sets it ablaze, leaving Lincoln with nothing more than a charred conglomeration of blacks and whites, women and children. It's a surreal scene to end a book steeped in the figments of Lincoln's imagination. He was no doubt tortured over the question if the ends justified the means. But being mortal at the time, he had no choice. Being immortal now, he's rarely second guessed. Thank you, Jerome Charyn, for reopening the argument and removing the hero lens when looking at ordinary politician placed in extraordinary circumstances. I liked this book for what it's not - a timeline of dates, a stuffy account of battles, a dry historical tome more dissertation than entertainment. Jerome Charyn certainly surprised me with I AM ABRAHAM. It was nothing like I expected, and that element of surprise turned out to be a very good thing. It takes an author with a deft hand to strip away a reader's expectations and replace them with his own, and Charyn delivers in spades. This isn't the Honest Abe schoolchildren grow up reading about. This is the man, the myth, the legend seen through the eyes of a literary genius. A welcome treat, indeed! Being a historical fiction novel, Charyn takes some liberties. Not with the facts, so much as his interpretation of them. He does an excellent job of throwing the reader into the hardscrabble existence Lincoln eeked out when he was saved from drowning at the edge of the frontier. Conditions were horrendous and unsanitary. Livestock resided indoors and dirt floors opened up during the rainy season. To think that such a man as Lincoln climbed out of this cesspool of civilization to reign supreme is truly remarkable. After running away from an abusive father, Lincoln claws his way through disease, Indian raids and heartache to begin his political career. He clings to the written word, assured that it will bring him salvation from his bouts of depression and the sting of poverty. He canvases the greater Springfield area as a traveling lawyer, lending his talents of persuasion to local farmers seeking justice. He just doesn't make a lot of money doing it, certainly not enough to court a noteworthy bride. But Mary Todd doesn't give a hoot about his limited circumstances. She believes in his potential, forsaking her affluent Southern belle lifestyle to settle down with a man who considers her an intellectual equal. Even though the two couldn't be more different. She's loud and dramatic. He's quiet and introspective. She wants their oldest son, Bob, to be a sophisticated Harvard scholar among the upper crust of society. While he can't relate to a boy he views as a confounded stranger. They battle through the sorrow of losing two of their four children, growing apart as they try to make sense of their life in the White House. Mary enjoys being the queen bee, even if living on the public stage becomes more than she can handle. Abe isn't about winning approval ratings. He's content to let things sort themselves out, instead of stirring up trouble. But even isn't immune to living in a fishbowl as he tries to calm his wife's frayed nerves. Yet this somewhat reluctant commander in chief holds the nation together even though his home life is basically ripping apart at the seams. He sinks into a more frequent state of melancholia, plagued by the specter of death that surrounds him. The Rebel Yell sounds on the banks of the Potomac. Union firing squads execute attempted deserters within earshot. Wounded troops flood the Capitol, dragging their mangled bodies over his front lawn. Generals take to the air in hot air balloons above his roof. Spies hover around his wife's private parlor. The man is literally surrounded by chaos. But he doesn't crack, he perseveres, even when he doesn't want to. He's tired, sad and alone but he does his duty for his country. He leaves the fighting to his troops, depending on those he's placed in power. He trusts their judgement and doesn't interfere in areas outside of his expertise. But he's not afraid to shake things up by promoting people like Ulysses S. Grant or by getting his wife's biracial seamstress out of prison. He goes about his business, swatting down one problem after another. It's no wonder he gets right to the heart of the matter in the Gettysburg Address, even when he's criticized for its brevity. By that time, the poor man is so exhausted that the fewer words the better, when it comes to getting his point across. Overall, the plot is engaging and follows a linear structure right through to the end of the war at the surrender at Appomattox. The book chillingly concludes with Lincoln walking the streets of a conquered, war torn Richmond, the very seat of Confederate power. He tours the home of his counterpart, Jefferson Davis, along with his young son, Tad, looking to find any apparent similarities between him and his rival. Instead, Tad prophetically talks to his father about seeing angels through the smoke of the burned out town. Not knowing that he has just days to live before meeting an assassin's bullet, Lincoln looks back and examines his life, wondering if such things as angels exist anymore. After the death and destruction, he's witnessed he's no longer sure. Little does he realize, the whole country is about to view him as one throughout all of history. Abraham Lincoln, narrator. This is a unique book for what it does, and how it does it. Author Jerome Charyn gives his own interpretation of one of the most well known figures in American history. Not an easy task by any stretch of the imagination. In I AM ABRAHAM, readers are treated to a glimpse inside the head of the flesh and blood man, and not the marble monument. And even though Charyn tells the story from Lincoln's point of view, it's when he bounces him off the book's other characters that his humanity comes into sharper focus. Lincoln, the lover. Nowhere is this more apparent than in his relationship with his wife, Mary. The two did not experience marital bliss by any stretch of the imagination, but their bond was an enduring one. Lincoln seems put upon much of the time by the antics of his boisterous spouse, especially after they enter the White House. Mary is depicted as a woman who is succumbing to a greater degree of mental instability and Abe is left to hold onto what's left of their relationship by his fingernails. Mary likes to fight, and she causes her husband a lot of trouble both personally and professionally. He loves her, but he comes across as a victim of her abusive nature, always trying to placate her and clean up her messes. Lincoln, the outsider. For a man who is now heralded as one of the most distinguished presidents, Lincoln probably didn't feel that way while he was in office. His Washington rival is depicted as General George McClellan, the head of the Union forces at the beginning of the war. McClellan is dashing, popular, an expert at the public relations game. In comparison, Lincoln comes across as an odd-looking politician that nobody really likes and who many feel isn't capable of the job. The image McClellan cuts riding his magnificent horse through town is the leader that inspires crowds. While Abe is the guy whose top hat makes good target practice for a Rebel sharpshooter as he totters around with his cold feet and green shawl like a grandfather in his dotage. Lincoln, the placeholder. It's amazing to think that Lincoln basically won the presidency by default. With the country on the brink of civil war, it's not a position many people wanted. He was named the Republican nominee even though many preferred the charming Stephen Douglas. When he was up for reelection in 1864, voters weren't exactly thrilled with his first term performance, especially adding his signature to the Emancipation Proclamation and for allowing the war to drag on for so long. But even with McClellan as a viable challenger, they decided to stick with the incumbent simply because they didn't feel comfortable to change canoes midstream. Holding up the mirror to Lincoln's weaknesses like this doesn't negate his strength in any way. Instead it shows just how much this man was facing on all fronts and how he managed to hold on and stay true to who he was. He didn't bend under political pressure to do the most expedient thing. He didn't change his image by improving his table manners or curtailing his backwoods accent. He didn't turn his back on his wife when she needed him most. He stayed the course and for better or worse held firm to his beliefs in what was right for himself and what was right for the country. It takes an intuitive author like Charyn to help readers see and appreciate those qualities in a man many people thought they already knew. What a brave, fresh approach to reacquainting the public with an American legend, flaws and all. This is a compelling story of one of the most important figures in American history, Abraham Lincoln. This historical fiction novel makes him accessible as a person of his time. His lifelong struggle with depression and his wife's mental illness made his job as president even more difficult. Reading this book, I felt like Lincoln was right there with me, telling me all that he had to go through on a daily basis. Page after page, it just got better and better. Get to know the real Lincoln, in a truly intimate look at a remarkable life.	147,313
What is in this article?: - Mississippi growers looking forward to first peanut harvest - Peanuts need less water - Times were tough in agriculture “Cotton has been our mainstay crop, going back to my father and grandfather,” says Robert Agostinelli, Jr., who farms with Charles Balducci near Clarksdale, Miss. But, this year they've added 450 acres of peanuts to their cotton/corn/soybean mix for the diversification and rotation benefits. N EARLY AUGUST, peanuts were making good progress for first-time growers Robert Agostinelli, Jr., left, and Charles Balducci, who farm together near Clarksdale, Miss. Peanuts need less water And says Charles Balducci, “With increasing concerns about the declining aquifer and water conservation in the Delta, peanuts are attractive because they can get by on less water and still produce a good crop.” Ninety percent of their peanut ground can be irrigated and in early August, on a bone dry day, with dust devils dancing across fields, their peanuts under pivot were being watered for the fourth time But, says Agostinelli as he spades up a plant and shows the clump of peanuts that are forming, “The peanuts have been growing vigorously, vines are pegging well, and although we have no prior experience on which to base anything, the crop looks good right now. “Some Georgia growers who were here and looked at our crop said it looks better than many in their state, where peanuts have been grown for decades.” They planted GA 06G and FLA 07 varieties, about 50-50, starting April 14 and finishing April 24. All are on their sandier land. “We’ve had a little white mold,” Agostinelli says, “but fungicides seem to be suppressing that. Our first application was Headline, followed by two applications of Artisan. Since peanuts haven’t been grown in this area, we’re told we likely won’t face the heavy disease pressures they have in the Southeast.” For weed control, their initial burndown application was Touchdown and 2,4-D. “We followed that with Ignite and Prowl for some pigweeds and marestail that had come through,” he says. “We’ve had a few glyphosate-resistant pigweeds, but we’re careful to rotate chemistry and if we see any pigweed escapes in the field, we get them pulled out immediately. Thus far, they’ve not been a significant problem. “Behind the planter, we applied 3 oz. of Valor and 1 pint of Dual per acre, followed by 3/4 pint of Dual plus Storm. We applied 16 oz. of Select for grass control, and we’ve done some spot treating with Cobra.” Two applications of boron were made, at 1/2 lb. per acre each time Looking toward harvest, Agostinelli says they purchased a KMC 6-row digger and a Colombo 6-row combine. “Based on planting date, we’re hoping to start digging about mid-September, and we’re just keeping our fingers crossed for good harvest weather, which is critical for peanuts.” If this year’s crop turns out well, he says, and there’s a good contract price next spring, “We could comfortably expand our peanuts to 600 acres. Any increase would come out of our cotton acreage. “Cotton has been our mainstay crop, going back to my father and grandfather,” Agostinelli says. “But if soybean and corn prices stay strong and peanut acres hold steady or expand, I expect there will be even less cotton next year. “My grandfather, Peter, came over on the boat from Italy, and was the first to farm here, growing cotton. My father, Robert, Sr., was a farmer all his life, and he my uncle Pete taught me all I know about the business. “My father, my brother Mark, and I farmed together after I left college. We had 600 acres between us, and Mark and I were each 25 percent partners. I had attended Delta State University, majoring in business, but I knew all the time that farming was what I wanted to do — that’s where my heart was — so I came back to the farm.	141,467
Phil Mollon Ph.D. DCEP Stress Response and Cumulative Stress Syndromes The understanding of stress and trauma is relatively recent. Contrary to common popular assumptions, Freud did not emphasise trauma - although he did write two papers on sexual abuse trauma in 1896. Most of his work focused on internally driven psychodynamic conflict. One of his contempories, the French Pierre Janet, did present a sophisticated model of traumatic stress, highly congruent with our modern understanding. However, it was not until the mid to late 80s - and indeed well into the 1990s - that the modern understanding became well-established. This modern perspective takes account of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, in both its simple (e.g. single trauma) and complex developmental forms (e.g repeated interpersonal trauma in childhood), and also recognises the way in which recent adult traumas re-stimulate thematically related childhood traumas (and the defensive strategies associated with these). A remarkably pioneering early book on traumatic stress was Stress Response Syndromes, by Dr Mardi Horowitz [Aronson 1978]. Horowitz is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst - and the author of the widely used Impact of Events Scale. Horowitz described clearly the twin processes of denial/avoidance/numbing, on the one hand, and intrusive reliving or repeating trauma, on the other. He noted the following common themes in response to trauma: - Fear of repetition - Fear of merger with the victim - Shame and rage over vulnerability - Rage at the source - Rage at those exempted - Fear of loss of control of aggressive impulses - Guilt/shame over aggressive impulses - Guilt/shame over surviving - Sadness over losses The intrusive experiences can include the following: •Illusions or pseudo-hallucinations •Intrusive/repetitive thoughts, behaviours, images, emotions •Overgeneralisation of associations •Inability to concentrate on other topics •Confusion or thought disruption when thinking of trauma-related themes •Labile or explosive entry into intense emotion •Chronic fight-flight readiness, or exhaustion from arousal •Search for lost persons/situations, compulsive repetitions The avoidant experiences can include: •Inability to appreciate significance of stimuli •Amnesia (complete or partial) •Inability to visualise memories Depersonalisation and derealisation Horowitz noted that the tendency to repeat and relive trauma (such as in dreams and behaviour, as well as intrusive recollections) puzzled Freud, particularly since it seemed incongruent with the Freudian hypothesis of dreams as disguised wish fulfilments. In his 1920 paper Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud was struck by the prevalence of traumatic neuroses following the world war, and was stimulated by this to speculate about the 'Death Instinct', as well as proposing a drive towards mastery of trauma that might play a role in what he described as the 'repetition compulsion'. Horowitz himself propose s a hypothesis of a 'completion tendency'. According to Horowitz, the human mind has an intrinsic ability to continue to process new information in order to bring up to date the inner schemata (or 'working models') of the self and the world – a continual revision of these relatively enduring structures of meaning. When trauma occurs, there is a discrepancy between the ‘news’ and the enduring, slowly changing, schemata. Repetition and processing of trauma will occur until completion of the revision of the internal ‘cognitive maps’. How is trauma treated? There are a variety of approaches, but all effective treatments for trauma, in effect, follow the principles proposed by Edna Foa and colleagues: 1. Traumatic memories, and trauma-related affect and cognitions, must be activated 2. Trauma-discrepant information is provided - which might be as simple as 'I survived' or 'It is not happening now'. The problem is that for many traumatised people, any contact with traumatic memories will be overwhelming and risk retraumatising and destabilising them. Moreover, traumatised people have often lost trust in self, in others, and the world in general. Danger is perceived everywhere, and nowhere and no-one are felt to be safe. Insensitive therapeutic approaches to trauma can result in intense fear and a worsening of the person's mental state. The therapeutic challenge is •To find ways of processing trauma and recovering a sense of safety, without retraumatizing the patient. •To negotiate the therapeutic relationship when trust in others has been shattered •To engage with the client’s belief that it is not safe to feel safe •To facilitate modification in response in the body and brain, as well as the cognitive mind Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), used with skill within a therapeutic relationship, can be an effective component of treatment for trauma - but must be used with great care. The gentlest methods of treating trauma are based on energy psychology. These do not require intensive reliving of trauma. Although some distress may be experienced, this is usually relatively mild. Nevertheless, the person may feel very afraid of approaching their residues of trauma at all. Cumulative stress syndromes It is perhaps not as widely recognised as it could be that many common mental health problems are essentially the result of cumulative stress. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, feelings of being unable to cope, and generally experiencing a 'breakdown', are often the result of an accummulation of traumatic stress that the person has not been able to 'digest'. Before one traumatic or stressful experience is resolved, another has happened - often years of stress, of prolonged activation of fight-flight responses. This chronic high arousal exhausts a person's brain and body. Chronic fatigue may be one result. Cumulative stress may be exacerbated by the trait of perfectionism, which causes internal pressure to succeed when faced with difficult or repeated challenges. Just as a person may cope with repeated ingesting of toxic substances until his or her 'toxic threshold' is reached, so a person may cope well with traumatic stress until such point as their coping capacities are overwhelmed. It is at that point that one 'final straw', perhaps seemingly small in itself, triggers the collapse of the person's capacity to maintain their previous way of life and work. In the case of these common 'cumulative stress syndromes', the therapeutic task is one of addressing the stress in the body and the brain, as well as the person's beliefs and protective strategies (such as avoidance) that he or she has developed in response to stress and trauma. Forcing a person to overcome their 'avoidance', or to substitute their characteristic thoughts by 'new cognitions' may provide a superficial and temporary recovery, but the underlying stress may remain in his or her system. There are many ways of resolving stress in the body and brain. These can include yoga and meditation, acupuncture and acupressure, EMDR, and many forms of 'energy psychology'. The 'Healing Codes', developed by Alex Lloyd, is a relatively new and promising mode of energy psychology that seems excellent at steadily resolving the cumulative stress that has overwhelmed a person's capacity to cope. The 'Healing Codes' approach does not involve tapping, but uses the person's own fingers are suble energy trasmitters that are directed at four healing centres around the head/brain. I am sure we will, over the next few years, continue to discover many other modes of gently and effectively relieving stress, which engage not only the mind but the deeper parts of the brain and the body's physiology. Talking alone is less likely to address effectively these deeper neurobiological realms. The various energy psychology modalities are best incorporated into an overall therapeutic approach, such as Psychoanalytic Energy Psychotherapy [PEP] NB The views expressed her are the personal perspectives of Phil Mollon. They are not a substitute for consultation with a licensed professional. If you have a mental health problem, please consult your doctor or other mental health professional.	19,097
States Move to Protect Teachers from Cyberbullying By Helen Yoshida In December 2012, the first and only law in the nation that criminalizes cyberbullying of teachers by students went into effect in North Carolina. Under the “School Violence Prevention Act of 2012,” students are prohibited from intimidating or tormenting school employees online. Specific offenses often include building a fake profile or website, posting real or “doctored” images of school employees, or posting employees’ personal, private, or sexual information on the Internet – attacks that can ruin careers and even lives. North Carolina English teacher Chip Douglas recently shared his story with National Public Radio about how his high school students laughed when they asked him offbeat questions in class. He later discovered one of his students created a Twitter account under his name, portraying him as a “drug addict,” a “violent person,” and “supersexual.” Though Douglas decided not to press charges he did leave the profession. Unfortunately, Douglas is not alone. According to the 2010 National Survey of Violence Against Teachers, developed by a special task force of the American Psychological Association, 50% of 4,735 K-12 teachers were victimized by students, parents, or colleagues in the past year. Many of these attacks came in the form of cyberbullying. In addition to the obvious psychological harm, the costs of teacher victimization – which impact not only educators, but students, taxpayers and school systems as well – include lost wages, diminished classroom productivity, litigation, and negative publicity for the school. Unfortunately, few states have cyberbullying laws on their books that actually include protections for school staff. Although North Carolina’s law remains by far the strongest in the nation, other states have been taking tougher look at the problem. Passed by the Florida legislature in 2008, the “Jeffrey Johnston Stand Up for All Students Act” requires all school districts to adopt a policy prohibiting bullying and harassment of students and school employees at school and through school computers. As Peter Caldwell, staff attorney for the Florida Education Association, explains, “(the law) only involved bullying at school in general, including bullying on school computers.” A round of amendments that took effect on July 1, however, give schools the authority to reach beyond school grounds. “The 2013 amendments addressed all kinds of cyberbullying, including cyberbullying from a non-school location,” Caldwell said. Even though Utah does not yet have a law on the books as strong as North Carolina’s, educators in the state are working to improve the current law. Utah’s law requires school districts to have a policy in place that prohibits bullying, retaliation and making false allegations; and requires training of school employees on bullying, cyberbullying, harassment and retaliation. “It falls short of requiring local districts to adopt the state’s newly revised model policy that addresses bullying, cyberbullying, harassment and hazing for students and employees,” said Tracey Watson, Director of Legal Services and General Counsel at the Utah Education Association (UEA). This new model policy, titled “Bullying, Cyberbullying, Harassment, and Hazing,” establishes a no tolerance rule for bullying, harassment and hazing by schools that adopt it. This policy allows school officials to discipline students for “off-campus speech that causes or threatens a substantial disruption on campus,” including school activities, on-campus violence, or interference with a student’s performance in school. Students who violate this policy can be suspended or expelled from school. “[In addition] Utah’s law does not really have a civil penalty for its violation,” said Watson. ”Rather, any specific penalty would have to be defined in school policy. The current version of our law only preserves the right to sue bullying perpetrators in a civil action.” “While districts have been proactive about implementing policies, each district has a different one. There has yet to be a state standard,” said Jay Blaine, director of policy and research for UEA. While there has been support from superintendents and continued open communication between local school districts and UEA’s team, school districts have yet to adopt the new model policy. “Our advocates and teams have worked hard to try to get local districts to adopt the state’s model policy, but our success has been slow,” said Watson.	266,901
VERO BEACH, Fla. -- He spelled “crematorium” to win The 2014 Scripps Treasure Coast Newspapers Regional Spelling Bee. Now 14-year-old Jonathan Buckley will be heading to The Scripps National Spelling Bee in Washington, D.C at the end of May. His teachers credit his hard work to his success. But, they also credit his ability to focus and overcome his learning challenges to landing a place on the national stage Buckley, an 8th grade student at Saint Edwards School in Vero Beach, says he’s always been a good speller. He noticed it in second grade. “I could spell basic words, but I was able to master them sooner than most of the other people I knew,” he said. One of his teachers, and advisor, Scott Mohr, says Jonathan is a stand-out in the classroom. “When Jonathan speaks and spells you can just see this higher level of thinking,” Mohr said. “He really has a gift.” Mohr knows he also works hard to overcome his A.D.H.D. It's a learning disorder that makes it harder for him to focus. “What we’re all about here is turning your challenges into a gift and he’s just the poster boy for that,” said Director of Learning Support Services, Camille Greene. Greene says she has worked with Buckley to help pin-point how he learns best. For Buckley, he spends his nights studying words on a computer. Greene says he learns best when he can see and hear the words. “A.D.H.D is a gift. If you channel it in the right way, it really is a gift,” Greene said. Buckley says he’s nervous, but feeling prepared, hoping his hard work will spell out success when he takes the national stage. “His possibilities are endless, whether it’s the spelling bee or whatever he chooses to do,” said Greene. Also locally,14-year-old Brian Reinhardt, from The Weiss School in Palm Beach Gardens, will be joining Buckley as a contestant in the Scripps National Spelling Bee.	94,270
Language Socialization Across Cultures:Children's aquisition of language and their acquisition of culture are processes that have usually been studied separately. In exploring cross-culturally the connections between the two, this volume provides a new, alternative, integrated approach to the developmental study of language and culture. The volume focuses on the ways in which children are both socialized through language and socialized to use language in culturally specific ways. The contributors examine the verbal interactions of small children with their caregivers and peers in several different societies around the world, showing that these interactions are socially and culturally organized, and that it is by participating in them that children come to understand sociocultural orientations. They emphasize the salient language behaviours of children and others, and show how these are embedded in broader patterns of social behaviour and cultural knowledge. They reveal that various features of discourse - phonological, morpho-syntactic, lexical, pragmatic, and conversational - carry sociocultural information, and that language in use is a major resource for conveying and displaying socio-cultural knowledge. As children acquire language, so they are also acquiring a world view. This innovative approach to the study of language acquisition and socialization will appeal widely to anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, specialists in communication studies, and educationists.	308,384
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising. Friday, December 9, 2016 Anxiety and Stress Disorders Obesity and Anxiety Attacks How does obesity cause anxiety attacks? I have actually never heard of obesity CAUSING anxiety attacks. I don't believe there is any evidence of a physical, genetic or psychological cause for obesity causing anxiety. However... there is an association with anxiety leading to weight gain and obesity. And people with eating disorders, including compulsive overeating, bulimia and anorexia, often have co-existing anxiety and depression. Obesity is defined as being significantly overweight with a body mass index over 30 (go to https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm for a BMI calculator to figure out your BMI). In some people, obesity might be considered a physical symptom of depression or anxiety. And just like with other physical symptoms, as the obesity gets worse, it can make a person feel more anxious and depressed. That is why, when treating people who are obese, a psychological, as well as physical, plan is often included. However, not all obese people are anxious, and certainly not all anxious people are obese. They are related to each other, but one does not necessarily cause the other to happen. Nancy Elder, MD College of Medicine University of Cincinnati	218,967
Presentation of the Alpha Mini mobile app The Alpha Mini educational robot works with a mobile app available on Android. Once the app is launched, log in using the username and password provided by the seller. In case you have not received your code, don’t hesitate to contact our team. Connect Alpha Mini to the internet and to your smartphone After pressing “Login”, the “Playground” interface of the application appears. Make sure that your phone’s bluetooth is enabled and that your Alpha Mini robot is turned on, then press “Start Binding” to pair the robot to your phone. You will have a choice on how to connect the robot to the Internet. Connection via mobile data (4G) is only possible if a SIM card is inserted in the robot. In this guide, we connect to the Alpha Mini educational robot via WiFi network. Using Bluetooth, your phone will recognize your robot and display its serial number. Tap on this number. Alpha Mini will then search for WiFi networks nearby (your home or your establishment for example). Once your WiFi network appears on the screen, tap on it and enter its password. The robot will then connect to the WiFi. Press “Done” once the connection is established. After pressing “Done”, the application returns to the “Playground” interface. This time, the robot is connected. The Alpha Mini robot can perform several pre-recorded actions. To launch one of them, press “Action” in the “Playground” interface. You will have three action tabs, sorted by action type. These three tabs are “Action”, “Dance” and “Funny”. Press the icon of the action of your choice for the Alpha Mini robot to perform it. You can also talk to your Alpha Mini educational robot by saying “Hey mini”. Several examples are available on the “Playground” interface. The two other available interfaces are the “Skills” interface and the “Me” interface. The “Skills” interface presents the different functionalities of the robot and the “Me” interface lists the parameters of the application. It is also possible to program the Alpha Mini robot because the application has a block coding interface. To access it, press “Workspace” in the “Playground” interface. You will access the coding interface: the list of available programming blocks is on the left, the coding interface is in the center and the program start button at the bottom right, colored blue. Your recorded programs can be found in the “My Works” section of the “Playground” interface. In the “Official Cases” tab, you will find three tutorial programs that show the different possibilities of the coding interface. Download the UCode programming software If you wish to program your Alpha Mini robot from your computer, you can download the UCode software. This software provides a block programming environment similar to Scratch. Once the software is installed on your computer, launch it. To connect your Alpha Mini robot, click on the “Connect Device” icon in the top right corner. Then click on the “Scan” button. Select the Alpha Mini robot, and enter the last four digits of the robot’s serial number, making sure it is not connected to another device’s Bluetooth. Once the robot is recognized by the computer, you can use the blocks in the UCode software to program it.	282,100
Ian Johnston, Open University If you look at a pile of sand close up, you will see that the grains at the edge can be piled in many different ways. Sometimes there might be a cliff (one grain on top of the other), sometimes a flat step and sometimes, perhaps, a valley. If you move a bit further away, though, the surface looks smooth and at a fairly constant slope. Now drop a grain of sand onto the pile. Sometimes nothing happens: it stops where it hits. Sometimes it will go tumbling down the side of the pile. Sometimes it will cause an avalanche - one grain of sand will cause hundreds, thousands or more to come tumbling down. Similar behaviour happens in many different systems, from the microscopically tiny to the astronomical, and in both natural and artificial systems. They are called Self Organising Critical Systems - critical means that they are always on the point of doing something more or less dramatic! The linked projects give students the chance to carry out experiments to investigate what happens, to make hypotheses, and use their data to see how correct these are.	246,965
I worked with JPA (Eclipselink implementation) and Hibernate. As I understand these two have great caching systems. I am interested in caching in a Web application and in order to better understand the process I'm trying to implement something on my own. Sadly, I cannot find any in depth documentation about this subject. I'm interested in things like high scalability, sharing memory on different machines and other important theoretical matters. Is there any tutorial or open project I could check out? LE: I want to cache DB information in POJOs just like JPA or Eclipselink	127,738
Shechita is the Jewish religious humane method of animal slaughter for food. To learn more, click here to read a Guide to Shechita The Torah (Bible) tells us that God instructed Moses in the laws of shechita, that Jews must only use this humane method of animal slaughter if they are to eat meat. Yes. Jews believe that God, who is merciful and compassionate would only provide for a merciful and compassionate method of dispatch for his creatures. The Torah is the first systematic legislation which forbids cruelty to animals and mandates that they be treated with consideration and respect. Judaism demands the humane treatment of animals. Shechita has been scientifically shown to be painless because the animal is rendered unconscious by this humane method. Shechita is a very swift and efficient procedure. The chalaf (the surgically sharp instrument used) incises the structures at the neck of an animal. Blood supply to the brain ceases, all consciousness is irreversibly lost and with it the ability to feel pain. It is quick, effective and safe. A Shochet performs shechita. He is highly trained over a number of years in animal anatomy, pathology, the laws of shechita and animal welfare and is examined and licensed every twelve months by the 'Rabbinical Commission for the Licensing of Shochetim'. The Shochet must also be licensed by the local authority where he practises shechita. The Shechita process actually does stun by rendering the animal immediately unconscious, but other methods of stunning, for example by captive-bolt shot into the brain, or by electric shock, or by gas, cause injuries to an animal and delay the slaughter unnecessarily. In order for an animal to be kosher it must be healthy and uninjured. Since shechita is the only permitted way for Jews to obtain meat for food, the other methods are not kosher and render the animal treifah (literally 'torn') - it may not be eaten. The law in the UK requires that all animals and birds conventionally slaughtered (i.e. not religious slaughter) for human consumption should be “stunned” (i.e. rendered unconscious) before they are actually killed. The conventional way this is done is for large animals (cattle) to be shot in the head by a steel bolt. This bolt penetrates the skull and injures the brain, with the intention of making the animal unconscious and unable to feel pain. Most commonly in abattoirs the animal is then hoisted upside-down by shackling a rear-leg. The throat of the animal is then cut and the animal bleeds out until it is dead. This shot-to-the-head is not intended to kill the animal, only to render it unconscious; death comes from bleeding out – which is the legal definition of “slaughter”. Smaller animals (i.e. sheep, goats and pigs) are “stunned” by using large electrical calipers which are gripped to the animal’s head passing a voltage through it and giving it an electric shock. The animal’s throat is then cut, or it is stabbed in the thorax, to make it bleed out until it is dead. Live poultry are shackled upside down first and then receive an electric shock by immersing their heads in a water-trough through which is passed a voltage. After the birds are shocked, their throats are cut, allowing bleed-out. Sometimes birds and pigs are gassed using a carbon dioxide/argon mix to make them unconscious. A kosher animal/bird must be healthy and uninjured at the time of shechita. All these mechanical methods outlined above are forbidden in Shechita because they cause injuries to the animal/bird before slaughter which makes it treifa (non-Kosher) and forbidden as food to Jews. It must also be definite that the animal has been slaughtered by Shechita alone and its death is not caused by or in conjunction with another method. The Law in the UK recognises that these “conventional” stunning methods are not permitted for kosher food and legislates for shechita to be exempted from such stunning provided the animal is “shechted” by a duly licensed Shochet. When the shechita incision is made on the animal’s neck, it severs the major organs, arteries and veins thereby causing a massive and immediate drop in blood-pressure in the brain. The incision takes a second to perform. The abrupt and dramatic collapse on cerebral perfusion so rapidly effected by Shechita means that the animal is rendered unconscious within a couple of seconds. At the moment that blood-flow to the brain is lost all awareness ceases and there can be no recovery from unconsciousness. Thus shechita provides an immediate and irreversible stun and the animal is dispatched painlessly and humanely. (To read a more detailed physiological analysis click here) The legal definition of “stunning” in the UK is to “render an animal unconscious until death”. The process of shechita conforms to this legal definition. It achieves what other methods attempt i.e. the immediate and irreversible abolition of consciousness until death. With other methods animals often regain consciousness from the “stun” and are conscious when they are “stuck”. This delay between stunning and sticking (stabbing) has been reported by animal welfare organisations who have recommended that there should be no more than fifteen seconds between the stunning and the sticking, but that is hardly ever achieved. With shechita there is no delay because the slaughter method incorporates an immediate stun. Shechita both stuns and slaughters in one action, thereby making it the most humane and efficient method. Conventional stunning methods or more correctly, pre-stunning methods, have been devised for use in abattoirs concerned with fast and efficient turnaround of production. They are all designed to subdue animals into a manageable state, for the benefit of abattoir operators. Each method of mechanical stunning is flawed, and each method fails to a substantial degree by inflicting pain and distress to millions of so-called “humanely slaughtered” animals. Captive-bolt shooting requires correct positioning of the gun which must be held pressed to the front of the skull. Since the animal’s head is not restrained, it can and does move so the shot is often in the wrong place and the animal must be shot again, sometimes two or three times. This causes great pain to the animal. Sometimes the gun is not properly maintained or the animal isparticularly heavy and the shot does not have sufficient power to damage the brain even though it penetrates the skull. Applying electric callipers or tongs for electric-shock stunning is often not effective due to the variables of position, moisture and humidity, strength of voltage, state of health of the animal, thickness of the hide and wool etc. The stun causes an epileptic seizure in the animal, and rather than anaesthetising it, it merely paralyses it so that it cannot respond to the pain it feels. Electro-shock stunning is used on smaller animals because they are only manually restrained. Because the majority of these sheep and pigs struggle to resist, several shocks are usually applied before the animals fall and lie fitting. Gas-narcosis causes the distress of suffocation and the pain of pulmonary emboli and pneumothorax. And whilst all conventional pre-stunning methods all too frequently fail to induce unconsciousness, they very often kill the weaker animals instead. And the “recoverable stun” simply is a practical impossibility to test on every animal, because as is demonstrated daily in the best operating theatres around the world, many patients fatally succumb to anaesthetics which are individually administered with great care. Gassing always results in a mass kill in a chamber which takes time to fill and is not administered separately to suit each animal. There is much misunderstanding and misconception about shechita. Most people who are opposed to shechita simply do not know the facts. There are also those whose opposition has little to do with animal welfare but is motivated by ill-will toward Jews. There are many who believe that the products of any animals which were not mechanically pre-stunned should be labelled as having come from an animal “not stunned before slaughter” The legal definition of “stunning” in the UK is to “render an animal unconscious until death”. Shechita is fully compliant with the law and is a most humane unitary method painlessly combining both stun and slaughter in one swift process. The EU’s recommendation for labelling this meat as “not stunned” is discriminatory because a) it suggests that shechita slaughtered meat comes from a non-humane process, and b) there will be no label to indicate how non-kosher meat is slaughtered or if their stunning methods have failed (as they so frequently do). No. The only permitted way for Jews to eat kosher meat is to despatch a healthy animal humanely and painlessly by shechita. Other methods cause unnecessary injury and suffering, and needless delay, before slaughter. It would be quite wrong in a democratic and free society to compel anyone to eat meat which did not accord with their religious conscience. If the law was changed to ban shechita, Jews would be deprived of a basic human right, namely, the right to eat meat and poultry prepared according to the requirements of their religion. (See also FAQ above - Why can't animals be stunned...) The Jewish laws pertaining to shechita are precisely geared to the dictates of animal welfare. Other 'modern' methods may serve to assuage the feelings of the observer. Animal welfare organisations and veterinarians have complained continually about the ineffectiveness of other methods and how the animal regains consciousness while being killed. Often animals have to be re-shot or re-electrocuted because the stun was ineffective first time round, causing unnecessary suffering. Shechita avoids such problems because there are no mechanical or electrical parts to go wrong. Shechita stuns and dispatches in one action, and the manner in which it stuns is irreversible. The laws of shechita may be old, but they are not outmoded. Quite the opposite. Shechita guarantees good quality meat because practically all the blood is drained out making for improved keeping quality. Further, research for the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF) has shown that use of the captive-bolt stunner on animals infected with BSE can transmit the infected tissue into parts of an animal used in the human food chain. This presents a risk to humans contracting nvCJD because the same unsterilised captive bolt is used on successive animals. Infected tissue was also detected on the hands of operatives and on slaughter equipment. Shechita avoids these hazards and protects human health, and animal welfare.	201,579
Increasingly well-armed rebels are a problem for the regime and could complicate the period after Assad's fall. Rebel units in Syria can no longer be described as "lightly armed." Many have acquired heavy machine guns and antiaircraft guns, mortars, recoilless rifles, and artillery rocket launchers. Some also have tanks (see below) and BMP infantry fighting vehicles, while at least a few have shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles (MANPADS), antitank guided missiles (ATGMs), and medium field artillery pieces. Most of these weapons were captured from regime stocks, and the rebels are increasingly employing them against Bashar al-Assad's forces. As the regime loses ground, the rebels will acquire significantly greater numbers of such weapons, boosting their capabilities still further. This process has important implications for the war. Currently, it is tilting the battlefield against regime forces. And once Assad falls, possession of heavy weapons will help determine which rebels become the dominant military and political actors, likely increasing the difficulty of stabilizing the country in the long term. REBEL HEAVY WEAPONS For much of the war, armed opposition elements had only limited numbers of heavy weapons, mostly 23 mm ZU-23 light antiaircraft guns and "Dushka" heavy antiaircraft machine guns. Over the past few months, however, their arsenal has expanded, with rebels seizing weapons and ammunition from regime forces and stockpiles while producing some items on their own (e.g., artillery rockets, mortars, mortar bombs) (watch). Heavy weapons currently in their possession include: - Armored vehicles: BMPs and T-55, T-62, and T-72 tanks - Artillery (see below) or other indirect-fire weapons: single and multiple rocket launchers (captured and improvised); 122 mm, 130 mm, and 152 mm field artillery pieces; 82 mm and 120 mm mortars - Antiaircraft weapons: 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm heavy machine guns, 23 mm (ZU-23 and ZSU-23/4 "Shilka") and 57 mm antiaircraft guns, MANPADs (SA-7/16/24), and a few SA-8 Gecko surface-to-air missile (SAM) launch vehicles - Antitank weapons: Metis-M ATGMs, RPG-29 rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and 73 mm SPG-9 recoilless rifles Although it is impossible to tell how many of these weapons are in rebel hands, they now appear with increasing frequency in videos of rebel forces in action. Just as important, many recent videos show the opposition capturing ammunition for these systems. As a result, a typical rebel unit is now likely to have a truck-mounted Dushka or ZU-23 in addition to light weapons, giving it substantial firepower against regime infantry as well as limited antiaircraft capability. Many rebels have also been seen with individual mortars and sometimes "batteries" of two to four mortars. Recoilless rifles, RPG-29s, ATGMs (watch), and 57 mm antiaircraft guns have been seen as well, though less often. Such weapons provide the ability to engage regime forces with greater lethality and at greater distances. Acquisition and integration of heavy weapons fits well with armed opposition tactics. Offensively, the rebels are laying siege to major regime facilities (airfields, headquarters, barracks, military schools, and air defense sites), isolating, bombarding, and eventually assaulting them. They also frequently attack regime checkpoints and positions. Heavy weapons can facilitate these actions, potentially expediting the seizure of terrain while reducing rebel casualties. Thus far, rebels have been seen employing heavy direct- and indirect-fire weapons in such operations. They use tanks (watch), field artillery, and antiaircraft guns (watch) in a direct-fire role during sieges. Captured armored vehicles are usually employed individually in an infantry support role, to reduce regime strongpoints and counter regime armor. Some rebel crews seem proficient in using such vehicles; one video shows an apparent rebel armored unit consisting of three tanks. The opposition is also using rockets, mortars, and artillery to create greater amounts of indirect fire during siege operations (see below), allowing units to strike inside regime positions with reduced risk to the crews. Defensively, heavy weapons have helped the opposition thwart regime offensives and increase their cost in personnel and equipment. For example, regime efforts to retake areas in the Damascus suburbs and Deraa province have apparently led to steady losses of tanks and BMPs. Heavy weapons are also increasing the rebels' ability to oppose regime air operations. Videos posted by opposition elements (see below) indicate that the number of antiaircraft systems in rebel hands is growing, with weapons deployed in batteries or in combination now appearing on the battlefield. MANPADs seem to have increased in number and use. Rebels have also captured a few SA-8 Gecko SAM vehicles, but no use of this relatively complex system has been noted thus far (though it could eventually be brought into action given the growing number of regime defectors). As a result, the regime must now assume that it will face some opposition to any air action it undertakes. The rebels are claiming significant numbers of aircraft downed by antiaircraft systems or by attacks on airfields (144 last year alone, according to one count). Even if these claims are heavily discounted, the Syrian air force is clearly suffering some level of attrition, reducing the regime's limited and irreplaceable air assets. IMPACT ON REBEL OPERATIONS The opposition's acquisition and use of heavy weapons is a response to the regime's continuing reliance on its own heavy weapons and airpower to assert presence and control in the provinces and defend important locations. The rebels' increasing employment of such weapons correlates to their recent successes, but other factors are likely involved, including the continued growth in rebel combat formations, greater cooperation among rebel units, and an increased ability to sustain siege operations for weeks. Nevertheless, heavy weapons have not yet provided a definitive answer to the regime's forces and tactics. The rebels still have difficulty seizing heavily defended positions, which the regime tends to support with airpower. Earlier this month, for example, the rebels made a serious effort to seize the important Taftanaz airfield in Idlib province. Although they penetrated the airfield's defenses and inflicted casualties and damage, they were unable to take it completely and withdrew to continue the siege. Intervention by the Syrian air force was a factor in this reversal. Currently, the rebels are again pressing the attack on the airfield, supported by heavy weapons. The rebel inability thus far to realize the full potential of heavy weapons can be attributed to a number of factors, including weaknesses in organization and command, ammunition quantities and distribution, concentration of weapons and fire, and intelligence and targeting. Improved command and control in these areas would definitely help. By continuing to capture arms and ammunition, the rebels have become more self-sustaining. This suggests that the international community could best help them not so much by providing arms (except for a few types of antiaircraft and antitank weapons), but by building their capability to use heavy weapons and providing intelligence on regime forces. Such capacity building would also help empower the relatively moderate elements in the opposition. This is important both during the war and afterward, when the most militarily capable rebel units will likely wield the most political influence. The distribution of heavy weapons will also affect the postwar situation in terms of how a transitional government or international stabilization force is able to extend control across the country. Although Syria's chemical weapons are currently drawing the most attention, securing heavy weapons and ammunition will be an urgent challenge as well, potentially requiring clashes with those in possession of them. Such scenarios have serious implications for any postwar stabilization plan and the forces tasked with implementing it. Jeffrey White is a defense fellow at The Washington Institute and a former senior defense intelligence officer.	41,914
\|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).\| Warner Bros. Animation is a division of Warner Bros, and a subsidiary of Time Warner, and was formerly referred to as Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1930 to 1944, and Warner Bros. Cartoons from 1944 to 1963. The studio was founded in 1930, and is famous for producing the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, which began under the production of Harman and Ising at Schlesinger's unit. Since 1990, Warner Bros. Animation has primarily focused upon the production of television and feature animation of other properties, notably including those related to Time Warner's DC Comics publications, as well as the Scooby-Doo and Looney Tunes franchises. - Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island - Scooby-Doo and the Witch's Ghost - Scooby-Doo And The Alien Invaders - Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase (film) - Scooby-Doo and the Legend of the Vampire - Scooby-Doo and the Monster of Mexico - Scooby-Doo and the Loch Ness Monster - Aloha, Scooby-Doo! - Scooby-Doo! in Where's My Mummy? - Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy! - Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! - Scooby-Doo and the Goblin King - Scooby-Doo and the Samurai Sword - Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo - Scooby-Doo! Camp Scare - Scooby-Doo! Legend Of The Phantosaur - Scooby-Doo! Music of the Vampire - Big Top Scooby-Doo! - Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon - Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright - Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery - Scooby-Doo! Frankencreepy	137,855
Parents who are also educational researchers have access to a domain that is highly complex and not always available to other scholars. In this book, parent-researchers provide theoretical and practical insights into children’s learning in the home and at school. Readers are given a... Published February 11th 2014 by Routledge Identity, Ideology, and Learning to Read and Write in Two Languages Through the real-life context of one child learning to be bilingual and biliterate, this book raises questions and provides a context for pre-service and practicing teachers to understand and reflect on how children learn to read and write in multiple languages. Highlighting the social and... Published July 28th 2010 by Routledge	298,512
Houyem Ferchichi’s short story collection The Scene and the Shadow: A masterful use of places and a rich diversity of narrators. Houyem Ferchichi’s short story collection al machhad wa dhil (The Scene and the Shadow) was published by Dar El Bourak Printing Publications and Distributions (Tunisia). It won 2011 CREDIF (Centre de recherché, d’études, de documentation et d’information sur la femme/ Center for research, studies, documentation, and information about women) Prize. Starting with the title “The Scene and the Shadow” we notice this close connection between the shading technique in drawing and fine art. This connection highlighted a central dichotomy of reality and dream on which Houyem Ferchichi worked: She depicted reality in its details and plights, and its characters who suffer from siege and anxiety in the Tunisian society. She called forth the dream or the technique of artistic imaginativeness through myth and poetic language searching for an outlet and a salvation for most of the characters that are present basically as cultural characters, such as the artist, the thinker, the writer, the journalist, and the student… Places in all stories are present in two forms, the symbolic place and the real place… The place is teeming with the characters’ anxiety and bewilderment in a way similar to fantasy. It is a container of the idea or the strange and mysterious events. This is especially exemplified in the story “The Black Cat’s Steps.” It also documents history and architectural features through using the Medina in the capital (the old town of Tunis) as a space for two stories in which the writer depicted the designs of buildings, alleys, butchers’ souk (market), and Bab Souika Square in the past, and the transformations that happened to them over the eras: Arbia entered the alleys. She was surprised by the view of the walls that are about to fall apart. She was disgusted of the stinky smells emitted from the houses… She examined the tall buildings, the dirty walls of the old houses, the newly born cats which were thrown near piles of dust and which were ceaselessly meowing. She also felt dust hurting her eyes. The place has also a critical dimension that divulges the status quo of journalism. For instance, in the story “The Scene and the Shadow” the female writer or journalist moves to a mountainous village on a rainy day through a slippery road. Fire is the event that is used to divulge the practices of the editor and the businessman. Media contributes to hide or fake the realities, and exploit the weak in a forgotten village: She was enjoying a short holiday when the editor called her to do an investigative report in one of the mountainous villages that was affected by fire that was about to devastate it. She asked: “Would I contact the affected farmers?” “No, but contact Mr. Sami Arrachid. He will donate a large amount of money as a compensation for farmers’ losses!” His peremptory voice reached her. The short story collection The Scene and the Shadow is open to several arts, such as poetry, and fine art. Besides, intellectual presentation, psychoanalysis of characters, and explanation of the features of their tension and their internal and external conflict are prevalent. Among the most artistic features, to this short story collection’s credit, we can cite: Diversity of narrators, their participation in the events, and their comments on them/ The focus in each story on a central character that the narration is responsible for revealing his/her features and attitudes/ A gradual depiction of the features of the characters’ internal tension, and the focus on the psychological dimensions. The Egyptian writer Ibrahim Jadallah confirmed that saying, Houyem Ferchichi’s linguistic and technical game is dialectical in a smooth and effective way, to the extent it reaches an intended spontaneity with a social attitude, and a special vision of clothes, things, and the world in a context of aesthetic relationships that are transgressive and dialectical at the same time with this social attitude. This spectacularity yielded by her texts is sufficient to mention an Arab female short story writer with attributes who is dissimilar to others, and no one is similar to her only a female writer who altogether seeks new horizons through a new rhetoric of language and event, and unique ways of storytelling. In The Scene and the Shadow Houyem Ferchichi deviated from the so-called Arabic and Tunisian feminist writing. She worked on breaking the subjective barrier or the classical issues of women, such as isolation, and fear of male-dominated society. The writer reincarnated new characters who express social, civilisational, and political concerns in a unique style that first begins with the study of characters and living intimately with the space in the countryside and the city. By Mohamed Issa El Mouadeb (Writer) This review appeared in the Tunisian daily Alchourouk 18/05/2012 by Mohamed Issa El Mouadeb You can read the original text in Arabic here. Translated from Arabic by Ali Znaidi.	8,666
A comparison of oral fluid and serum for the detection of rubella-specific antibodies in a community study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia UNSPECIFIED. (1998) A comparison of oral fluid and serum for the detection of rubella-specific antibodies in a community study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, 3 (4). pp. 258-267. ISSN 1360-2276Full text not available from this repository. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of oral fluid compared with serum for the determination of age-prevalence of rubella-specific antibodies in an urban African community setting. METHOD Paired serum and oral fluid samples were collected from 439 individuals aged 0-49 years in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia, as part of a larger seroepidemiological survey in 1994. Oral fluid was sampled using a simple sponge device that was well accepted by subjects of all ages; venous blood was collected by Vacutainer system. We measured rubella-specific antibodies in serum by the Radial Haemolysis (RH) test, supported by two confirmatory assays, and in oral fluid by IgG antibody-capture radioimmunoassay (GACRIA). RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of oral fluid results compared to serum were 89% and 76%, respectively. Sensitivity declined from 96% in age group 0-19 years to 90% in age group 20-29 and 78% in age group 30-49. Specificity was 86% in 0-9 year olds contrasting with 61% in older groups (10-49 years). The positive predictive value of an oral fluid sample was high in all age groups (range 97-100%), while the negative predictive value declined from greater than or equal to 80% in those aged <10 years to <10% in those aged greater than or equal to 30 years. Serum confirmatory tests suggested a proportion of false serum RH negatives, increasing with age, indicating a need to standardize serum as well as oral fluid tests. CONCLUSION In the community setting of a developing country, oral fluid surveys could be useful to estimate age-prevalence of rubella immunity and identify rubella-susceptible children for follow-up. Further work is required to simplify assays and sample processing, improve assay sensitivity and estimate assay specificity more precisely and compare and standardise collection methods suitable for surveillance of a variety of childhood viral infections. \|Item Type:\|\|Journal Article\| \|Subjects:\|\|R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine \|Journal or Publication Title:\|\|TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH\| \|Publisher:\|\|BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD\| \|Official Date:\|\|April 1998\| \|Number of Pages:\|\|10\| \|Page Range:\|\|pp. 258-267\| Actions (login required)	126,161
Re: Frame spacing? Welcome to Beesource! Generally, in the brood boxes, you would want to have the frames pushed together, and centered in the boxes. In the supers, once you have drawn comb, you may wish to space the frames out to encourage fatter combs to allow more honey per frame. Along this line some beeks will put only nine frames in a ten frame honey super. But you need to have the frames pushed together when they are foundation only if you expect to get straight combs drawn. See Michael Bush's FAQs for more on frame spacing: USDA Zone 7A Elevation 1400 ft	8,070
R.E.M. is a rock band formed in Athens, Georgia in 1980 by Michael Stipe (vocals), Bill Berry (drums), Peter Buck (guitar), and Mike Mills (bass). Throughout the 1980s, while signed to the independent label I.R.S., they achieved a growing cult status due mainly to Stipe's obscure (and sometimes inaudible and unintelligible) lyrics and the band's sound, most noticeably influenced by The Byrds. By the early '90s, R.E.M. was one of the world's most popular, respected, and influential bands. The I.R.S. Years (1982-1987) Their debut EP, Chronic Town (1982), illustrated R.E.M.'s signature musical style: jangling guitars, chords played in arpeggio, murmured vocals, and lyrics that completely avoid the standard topics of popular music - love and relationships. Their debut album, Murmur (1983), is held to be one of the best records of the 1980s. The album is stylistically unified. The jangling guitars, so prominent on Chronic Town, are used more sparingly. The melody is found in the bass notes, and the lyrics are practically indecipherable. The songs on the album blend together. Evocative words are used to create a mood instead of a narrative. The mood is grey - 'Rest assured this will not last, take a turn for the worst', 'martyred, misconstrued', 'Not everyone can carry the weight of the world', 'lies and conversation, fear,' yet the album ends with brighter, more hopeful notes. Arpeggio and jangling guitars return in 'Sitting Still,' and 'Shaking Through', where Michael Stipe asserts that, 'I can hear you' and 'Honor marches on.' R.E.M.'s second album, Reckoning (1984), explored a variety of musical styles. Song topics include cold weather, a fairy tale of brothers with magical powers, a flood, and five laments of separation. The jangling guitars and beautiful melodies obscure the dark lyrics. The final song, 'Little America,' is written about rural America, and serves as a prelude to the Southern themes on the subsequent album. Fables of the Reconstruction (1985) explores the mythology of the southern United States. A celebration of an eccentric individual is the subject of no less than four songs on the album ('Maps and Legends,' 'Life and How to Live It,' 'Old Man Kensey,' 'Wendell Gee'). 'Driver 8' is a song about the scenery surrounding railroad tracks. Trains are a frequent topic of Southern music; they epitomize the freedom and promise of an escape from one's home environment. The source of the title of 'Can't Get There from Here' is a curious phrase heard when asking directions in a rural area. 'Kohoutek,' their first song about a romantic relationship, compares the fizzled comet of 1973 to a fizzled romance. By the time this album was released, R.E.M. were critically acclaimed, and the video for 'Can't Get There from Here' was played frequently on MTV. R.E.M. practically defined college rock by this time. The next album, Lifes Rich Pageant (sic) (1986), takes its name from a Pink Panther movie ('You'll catch your death of cold!' 'Yes, I probably will. But that's all part of life's rich pageant, you know.'). The songs are upbeat, the tempo is fast; this is a fairly hard-rocking album. The lyrics were becoming both more intelligible and more direct, with political themes appearing more explicitly ('Begin the Begin,' 'Flowers of Guatemala,' 'Hyena'). 'Cuyahoga' is about the river in Ohio that caught fire due to pollution. Ironically, the 'hit' from the album, 'Superman,' was a cover song that didn't appear on the original album cover. In many ways, this album marked the end of the first period in the band's history. Document (1987) was their last album for the indie record label I.R.S., and provided their first major hit with 'The One I Love,' which reached No. 9 on the American pop charts. The popularity of this song of grim satisfaction over the end of an unhappy relationship was due mainly, however, to its misinterpretation as a love song. 'It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)' recalls the rapid-fire lyrical style of Bob Dylan's 'Subterranean Homesick Blues' and can be described as pre-apocalyptic. Dead Letter Office (1987) was a collection of B-sides and outtakes. Highlights include three Velvet Underground covers, an Aerosmith cover, an uncommissioned commercial for a barbecue restaurant in Athens, and a boozy version of 'King of the Road.' The CD also has the EP Chronic Town at the end. The album is described in the liner notes as 'A little bit of uh-huh and a whole lot of oh-yeah.' The band's early years are summarized in the compilation Eponymous, released in 1988. The compilation contains several alternative versions and mixes of songs. Rock Superstars (1988-1996) In 1988 R.E.M. signed to the major label Warner Brothers and released Green. This was the band's first time with heavy promotion, and they toured stadiums extensively in 1989. Some fans from the I.R.S. days complained that R.E.M. had become too commercial and that the quality of the music had decreased, but the band had now been brought to international attention. In 1990, most of R.E.M. recorded with Warren Zevon as the Hindu Love Gods. Their next records, Out of Time (1991) and Automatic for the People (1992), were both international hits, despite the fact that R.E.M. did not tour for either album. These two critically acclaimed albums featured hit singles including 'Losing My Religion,' 'Shiny Happy People,' 'Everybody Hurts,' and 'The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite.' Out of Time also includes emotional, contemplative tracks such as 'Belong,' 'Half A World Away,' and 'Country Feedback.' On Automatic, the band developed a reserved, meditative sound that took them back to their roots, and the record's 15 million copies were sold in spite of such melancholy themes as death, suicide, and sexual jealousy. The band's 1994 release, the grunge-influenced Monster, including 'What's the Frequency, Kenneth?,' proved to be a crossover hit and their best selling album to date, though many critics disliked the band's foray into glam rock. The album was followed by a massive tour during which drummer Bill Berry suffered a brain hemorrhage on stage, which would eventually lead to his leaving the band. While on this tour the band recorded the album New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996), a long, roughly produced and decidedly bleak record which featured, in the seven-minute 'Leave,' perhaps the band's most intense song. Other notable tracks on that record include 'E-Bow the Letter' (a collaboration with the legendary Patti Smith) and the intense western-themed rock of 'Low Desert.' R.E.M. After Berry (1997-present) After Berry's departure, the band returned with Krautrock-influenced Up (1998), another long and reflective record, with the lead single 'Daysleeper.' Many tracks contained drum machines, and Peter Buck played guitar only a little. The band was no longer selling well in United States, though in Europe they stayed popular. 2001's Reveal, confirms the return to an even mellower songwriting approach, with songs such as 'Imitation of Life,' 'All The Way To Reno (You're Gonna Be A Star),' and 'She Just Wants To Be' garnering some radio play. The album gained mixed reviews. Recent R.E.M. soundtrack appearances have found them revisiting some of their earliest material, hitherto available only on live bootlegs; their single, 'Bad Day' (2003), was the prototype for 'It's the End of the World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine),' with some of the same lyrics. In 2004, the band returned with Around the Sun, which once again met with generally only mild critical praise. Singles from this album include 'Leaving New York' and 'Aftermath'. The band members picked the name R.E.M. out of the dictionary. They liked the name because it was so ambiguous. They started out as Twisted Kites for the first show they played at a party, but, according to 'It Crawled From the South,' considered Negro Eyes, Slut Bank, and Cans of Piss before settling for R.E.M. - Murmur (1983); #178 US - Reckoning (1984); #27 US - Fables of the Reconstruction (1985) #28 US, #35 UK - Lifes Rich Pageant (1986) #21 US - Document (1987); #28 UK, #10 US - Green (1989); #27 UK, #12 US - Out of Time (1991); #1 UK, #1 US - Automatic for the People (1992); #1 UK, #2 US - Monster (1994); #1 UK, #1 US - New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996); #1 UK, #2 US - Up (1998); #2 UK, #3 US - Reveal (2001); #1 UK, #6 US - Around the Sun (2004); #1 UK, #13 US - 1983 'Radio Free Europe' #78 US - 1984 'South Central Rain (I'm Sorry)' #85 US - 1986 'Fall On Me' #94 US - 1987 'The One I Love' #9 US - 1989 'Stand' #6 US - 1989 'Orange Crush' #28 UK - 1989 'Pop Song 89' #86 US - 1991 'Losing My Religion' #4 US, #19 UK - 1991 'Shiny Happy People' #10 US; #6 UK - 1991 'Near Wild Heaven' #27 UK - 1991 'The One I Love' (re-issue) #16 UK - 1991 'Radio Song' #28 UK - 1991 'It's The End Of The World As We Know It' #39 UK; #69 US (1988) - 1992 'Drive' #28 US; #11 UK - 1993 'Man on the Moon' #30 US; #18 UK - 1993 'The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite' #17 UK - 1993 'Everybody Hurts' #29 US; #7 UK - 1993 'Nightswimming' #27 UK - 1994 'What's the Frequency, Kenneth?' #21 US; #9 UK - 1994 'Bang and Blame' #19 US; #15 UK - 1995 'Crush with Eyeliner' #23 UK - 1995 'Strange Currencies' #47 US; #9 UK - 1995 'Tongue' #13 UK - 1996 'E-Bow the Letter' #4 UK - 1996 'Bittersweet Me' #46 US; #19 UK - 1996 'Electrolite' #96 US; #29 UK - 1998 'Daysleeper' #57 US; #6 UK - 1998 'Lotus' #26 UK - 1999 'At My Most Beautiful' #10 UK - 2000 'The Great Beyond' #57 US; #3 UK - 2001 'Imitation of Life' #83 US; #6 UK - 2001 'All the Way to Reno' #24 UK - 2001 'I'll Take the Rain' #51 UK - 2003 'Bad Day' #8 UK - 2004 'Animal' #33 UK - 2004 'Leaving New York' #5 UK - 2004 'Aftermath' #41 UK External Links This biography is published under the GNU Licence	139,649
The Feminization Of The Welfare State November 20, 2000 An older version of the welfare state is now vying with a newer one for political dominance in the U.S. and Europe, says social thinker Irving Kristol, co-editor of the Public Interest. The original welfare state, from 1900 to 1945, was largely paternalistic in conception, since the male-dominated trade unions played such a crucial role in bringing it into being. - In this sterner, limited version of the welfare state, government provided a helping hand for those in need through no fault of their own -- a "safety net" -- but wanted individuals and families to be self-reliant, self-supporting and able to cope. - But since World War II, as women entered the labor force and educational institutions in large numbers, and as feminist ideas became popular, another version of the welfare state developed -- one politically more appealing to women. - Beginning in a massive way with Great Society programs in the 1960s, the welfare state became more a national exercise in "compassion" toward an ever-expanding proportion of the population than a helping hand to the needy. - This feminized welfare state is supported by the "helping professions" -- social work, nursing, psychology, public health, journalism -- particularly by the female-dominated teachers' unions. Adam Smith talked easily about the importance of "sympathy." Sympathy is most easily directed toward those who want to help themselves and need a helping hand. Compassion, as it is used now, is an indiscriminate response to suffering -- even when necessary or deserved. Since compassion has no limits, the maternal welfare state will sooner or later run into economic reality. This has already happened in Europe, where economic growth is impeded by high taxation and overly generous welfare expenditures. Thus European governments will move, however reluctantly, toward a more paternalistic, limited version of the welfare state. Source: Irving Kristol, "The Two Welfare States," On The Issues No. 2217, October 2000, American Enterprise Institute, American Enterprise Institute, 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, (202) 862-5800. Browse more articles on Government Issues	239,690
Sunday, May 10 2009 - Editorials Mothers Day Proclamation - 1870 A Mother's day wish from Janice-- From this mother to every mother, and to everyone who has ever known the love of a mother ... I wish you a day of joy. And to every mother in the world who has lost her child to this dirty, rotten system ... I wish you a day of peace from sorrow. May this day bring each of us joy, peace, rejuvenation, and renewed energy to continue working for peace--not just on Mother's Day, but every moment, every day. by Julia Ward Howe Arise then...women of this day! "We will not have questions answered by irrelevant agencies, Our sons shall not be taken from us to unlearn We, the women of one country, From the voice of a devastated Earth a voice goes up with The sword of murder is not the balance of justice." As men have often forsaken the plough and the anvil Let them meet first, as women, to bewail and commemorate the dead. In the name of womanhood and humanity, I earnestly ask Biography of Julia Ward Howe Julia's Voice is dedicated to reclaiming Mothers Day as it was intended by Julia Ward Howe, a day to promote peace and speak out against war. Mother's Day was first organized 139 years ago by the abolitionist, suffragette and poet Julia Ward Howe to promote peace and speak out against war. Julia's Voice is a group of "mothers and others" who began our work of reclaiming Mothers Day in 2008 by honoring the Julia Ward Howe and hosting our first event to return Mothers Day to its original intent. The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author, who is solely responsible for its content, and do not necessarily reflect those of 911Truth.org. 911Truth.org will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article. \|home \| about us \| contact \| research \| grassroots \| calendar \| links \| search\|	180,760
A postdoctoral research associate position is available to develop multiplex assays to monitor host and parasite genotype / phenotype in clinical samples obtained from patients with the parasitic disease leishmaniasis. The post is funded by a recently awarded MRC Global Challenges Research Fund Foundation Award (in collaboration with researchers in Brazil, India and Sri Lanka) that aims to develop new tools and research approaches to combatting the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. You will work alongside others in the research group, as part of a multidisciplinary team, but will take on a leading role in the development of new assays for use on FFPE and frozen skin tissue. You will have a PhD in molecular biology, immunology or a related discipline, as well as previous experience of assay development based on RNA and antibody probes. Additional experience in skin immunity and histopathology, or biomarker assay development would be advantageous. The research will be conducted in the CII, which provides state of the art facilities for pathogen related research, and will make extensive use of the resources on offer in the Biosciences Technology Facility. There will be opportunities to visit collaborative laboratories overseas. The post is offered in the Grade 6 scale of £31,076 – £38,183 per annum. The post is fixed term for two years. Informal enquiries may be made to either Paul Kaye (email: email@example.com), Dimitris Lagos (Dimitris.firstname.lastname@example.org) or Pegine Walrad (email@example.com) Interviews will take place on the 9 May 2017. Vacancy Reference: 5554	40,738
Miss Bridget Moran (known as Bertha) was born in Toomdeely North, Askeaton, Co Limerick, Ireland on 9 September 1883 1. She was the daughter of Patrick Moran (b. 1851), a boatman and former lighthouse keeper, and Bridget Nestor. Her mother had died prior to 1901. She was the sister of Nellie (b. 1875), John (b. 1877), Mary (b. 1879), Millie (b. 1882), Daniel (b. 1884), Patrick (b. 1885) and Thomas (b. 1889). Although absent from both the 1901 and 1911 censuses, Bertha's family are listed on the 1901 census living at house 8 in Toomdeely North and on the 1911 census at house 5 in the same locale. Bertha, who worked in a shirt factory, had emigrated in 1905 and lived in Troy, Renssealaer, New York with four of her siblings, Nellie, Millie, Daniel and Thomas, appearing there on the 1905 census. Her father died in 1910 and she and her brother Daniel decided to return to Ireland in November 1911 to claim an inheritance estimated at between $12,000 and $15,000. For their return to New York they boarded the Titanic at Queenstown on 11 April 1912 as third class passengers (joint ticket number 371110 which cost £24, 3s). Travelling on their ticket was a friend, Patrick Ryan and they were also acquainted with another passenger from Askeaton, Margaret Madigan. On the night of the sinking Bertha had been awakened by a jolt and was further roused by commotion outside her cabin. Her brother Daniel soon arrived telling her that the ship had struck an iceberg and was in trouble and that she had no time to dress. Throwing a coat over her nightclothes, she made her way with the rest of her party to the communal areas but found difficulties getting near the lifeboats and she told how crewmen barred their access to higher decks. Upon reaching the outer decks she claimed to have encountered Father Thomas Byles who assisted she and Margaret Madigan into one of the lifeboats (boat 15). Whilst Bertha and her friend Margaret were saved, her brother Daniel and their friend Patrick were lost in the sinking. Arriving in New York aboard the rescue ship Carpathia, Bertha later filed a claim for loss of property but received only a fraction of the amount. Her inheritance reportedly went down with her brother. Bertha was married the following year to Richard Sinnott, a fellow countryman who worked as a machinist. They had three children: Daniel (1914-1994), Eileen (b. 1917, later Bernardelli) and Richard (1918-1975). The family moved to Detroit, Michigan around 1916 and in November of the following year Bertha was made a widow where her husband Richard died in an accident at work whilst she was still carrying their youngest child. To make ends meet she worked as a beautician but was soon remarried to an Englishman named George Cooper and had another child, Bertha (1923-1989) but by the time of the 1940 census Bertha was again a widow. Bertha lived in Detroit for the rest of her life, latterly at 2236 23rd Street, and spent her elder years tending her garden and her nine grandchildren. In 1953 she was a special guest at a special screening of the Fox movie Titanic, an event she found very emotional. Bertha Cooper, née Moran, late Sinnott, died as a result of cancer on 15 April 1961, the 49th anniversary of the sinking.	13,224
Posted Jul 31, 2007 04:32 pm CDT Updated: Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. was released from the hospital today and plans to resume his Maine vacation. The Washington Post reports that Roberts waved to journalists as he walked quickly from the hospital to a waiting Ford Explorer. Earlier today, Roberts spoke to President Bush on the phone and assured him he is doing fine. The cause of the seizure suffered yesterday by Roberts is unknown, but tests reveal “no cause for alarm,” according to the Supreme Court. Medical experts told the Los Angeles Times that the seizure is not likely to limit Roberts’ ability to work. Seizures can be caused by a variety of factors, including lack of sleep and stress. Seizures can also be caused by brain tumors, but it’s “extremely unlikely” in Roberts’ case, an epilepsy expert told the New York Times. The risk of suffering a seizure in a lifetime is about 9 percent. The chief justice has had a busy summer, the New York Times reports. He taught a seminar in Austria, met with European judges, and worked in Washington, D.C., before leaving for Maine a few days ago. The statement said Roberts suffered only minor scrapes in the fall. The chief justice “underwent a thorough neurological evaluation, which revealed no cause for alarm,” it said. The court also confirmed that Roberts had a similar seizure in 1993 while on the golf course. Originally posted 07-31-2007 06:15 AM.	301,368
So how do manufacturers come up with track designs? SnoWest Magazine asked Yamaha some of these questions regarding its new 162-inch Ascent track found on the 2012 Nytro MTX 162 and not only did we get answers, Yamaha gave us a little peek at how it's done. A Successful History Yamaha and Camoplast have collaborated on more than one innovative track design over the years. Among the highlights is the Rip Saw, which has been one of the best short-lug tracks on the market since it debuted in 2005. As soon as the exclusivity agreement expired, pretty much every OEM had at least one trail sled that spun this track as a stock part. Yamaha also worked with Camoplast to develop the Maverick deep snow track. The guys at Yamaha said the Maverick track worked very well for what it was designed to do, but suffered from poor public perception. "The Maverick got a bad rap with the mountain guys, which was unfortunate," Yamaha snowmobile product manager Rob Powers said. "It's a great deep powder and soft snow track and it climbs like crazy in those conditions. But under extended trail and hard snow use, the lugs would bend and not give the traction some guys were expecting on acceleration." It was a classic conundrum for product engineers: the very design aspects of the track that led to its sweet deep snow and climbing performance, the ability of the lugs to flex and bend, were the same ones that turned out to handicap its broader consumer acceptance. More specifically, the columns molded in the track didn't provide the forward acceleration riders were looking for on hardpack. Back To The Collaborative Drawing Board When Yamaha and Camoplast began work to create the Maverick's replacement, they knew they would have to eliminate the unpopular aspects of the track but not abandon the key design elements they felt made it work so well in deep snow. In fact, there were many qualities of the Maverick they wanted to retain. "When the mountain development team set out to design the next track, we knew we wanted to keep the Maverick's excellent soft snow performance, climbing ability and light weight," Powers said. "But there were definitely targets for improving the track as well. We needed to have better durability, especially in the base areas of the lugs, without losing that flexibility that works well in powder. We also felt we could have a more versatile, consistent track for riding on the trails when a guy is heading up to his favorite bowls and hills." At its foundation the new track would have the same specs as the Maverick, a 3-inch pitch, 162-inch length and 2.25-inch lugs and it would be a single-ply design. Ideally the track would keep the lift qualities of the Maverick track lug, using the wide center belt of the track to provide lift, while improving forward acceleration and durability. There is more to designing a track than just sticking funky-shaped lugs on it. In fact, there's a definite science to it. For example, with the Ascent track the total area of lug surface was figured into the design. To increase lug durability the new design called for 400 square inches of lug surface vs. 338 square inches found on the Maverick. This basically spreads the load across a broader area, taking stress off each individual lug. The rubber compound figures in too, and Yamaha took advantage of a new compound Camoplast had engineered that showed better performance regarding "lug set" while retaining the same durability. It was lug set that dogged the Maverick track. The lugs folded over to provide lift like they were designed, but over time they stopped wanting to return to their original shape. The new compound is also less prone to cracking or heat issues. A larger factor in eliminating the lug set problem and hitting the lug durability target was a new V-shaped notch design at the tips of the lugs designed to fold back at a 20-degree angle but not take a set. The lug shape would also be designed so it would force snow to the center of the track for the most flotation. Lastly, the towers that supported the lugs on the Maverick would be redesigned to spread loads more evenly to mitigate cracking and tearing. Performance Is In The Details The Ascent is a track unlike any ever designed. The first thing you notice is the lugs reach from the edge of the track all the way to the center. There are no "center lugs" or "side lugs." The lugs are designed to force snow to the center of the track and the track actually builds its own dense base of packed snow to provide lift and acceleration in deep or soft snow. One design element that is consistent from Maverick to Ascent is the 3-inch pitch. "Our testing showed us that the wider pitch is the best design in terms of packing the snow for acceleration and flotation," explained Powers. "We also tried a 2.86-inch pitch version of the Ascent track and it did not perform as well." The next thing you notice is there are no pronounced columns like the Maverick had; it looks like there are just lugs. But the lugs have support columns built into them that provide support on the base two-thirds of the lug for forward acceleration. This is a noted difference from the Maverick design which placed its pronounced columns only at the ends of the lugs. Also, the columns in the center of the Ascent track are designed to "migrate" to the edge to reduce stress at the base of the lug. Finally, the columns are only placed on the backside of the lugs to limit tension effects when the track is under load. The top third of the lug controls lift. There are V-notches cut into the top third of the lug that allow the tips to fold back at a 20-degree angle to provide lift, but the notches and the lug are shaped such that the lugs will return to their original shape and not take a set. As for weight, the total package is every bit as light as the Maverick. Yamaha tested the Ascent side-by-side with the Maverick and what it considered the best competitive track, the Power Claw, and it consistently outclimbed both of them. Its deep snow performance was notably better than them as well. In fact, Camoplast and Yamaha reps both think the new track is a huge step forward in the world of mountain tracks. "You ride the Maverick, the Power Claw and the Ascent side-by-side and you can feel how much better the Ascent works," Powers said. "Camoplast told us they feel this is the best mountain track they make. On our end, we made a big improvement with the Nytro MTX 162 basically with a simple track swap, so that's a big deal for us." During the photo shoots last February and March, the SnoWest SnowTest staff was able to ride the 2012 Nytro MTX and we found the sleds to be the best-riding Yamaha mountain sleds to date and at the top of the heap for pure climbing machines. What the Rip Saw track did for flatlanders, we think the Ascent is going to do for mountain guys. Yamaha and Camoplast have set another highmark with the Ascent track.	57,545
Another development in the sad saga of the ritualistic murder of the young, 7-year old Tapiwa Makore. It must be said that local authorities and notably the local police acted swiftly after the discovery of the victims’ mutilated body, on September 18. Even President Mnangagwa reacted on the muthi (muti) murder, condemning the heinous crime on September 25 (see my posting dated October 2, 2020). It is believed by superstitious, wicked people that body parts which have been taken – from a living victim (!) – and processed in a particular way, by a traditional healer or witchdoctor (n’anga), that these ritualistic activities will enhance one’s power or wealth. There is no place for such superstition and disrespect for human life in the year 2020 (or before that year). The rule of law must apply, suspects should be put on trial and judged by an independent judge. And more prevention should take place: through education. Warning: The following articles contain graphic details of the cruel murder (webmaster FVDK). Murehwa ritual murder: Police quiz n’anga Published: October 16, 2020 By: The Herald, Zimbabwe – Investigations Editor POLICE have picked up a traditional healer for questioning over the missing head of the seven-year-old Murehwa boy, Tapiwa Makore, suspected to have been murdered for ritual purposes. Body parts taken in a ritual murder which occurred at Makore Village under Chief Mangwende, would have to be processed in particular ways, the superstitious believe, so that they bring good fortune and riches. Police started hunting for the traditional healer they believed was implicated in this killing soon after they arrested the two men they suspect were the actual killers. Only a torso and legs were recovered from the dismembered body, but the head is still missing. In their investigations, police recovered the head of another child, a 12-year-old, in the same village, but think it may have been exhumed from a grave. Although the police did not disclose the name of the traditional healer, they confirmed he was being questioned. National police spokesperson Assistant Commissioner Paul Nyathi said police have established that they had been given a lot of misleading information on the death of the boy and people were hiding crucial information. “We have realised that some people are not telling the truth and they are hiding crucial information. But we will surely get to the bottom of the matter and the truth will come out,” said Asst-Comm Nyathi. Tapiwa was allegedly murdered for ritual purposes by his uncle Tapiwa Makore (Senior) who used his own domestic worker, Tafadzwa Shamba (40). The boy was kidnapped in the family garden in the village. Shamba, a herdsman, and the boy’s uncle have since been arrested and taken to court facing murder charges. They now await trial while in remand prison. They were remanded in custody to October 26 in absentia yesterday, as they are still assisting police with investigations. Meanwhile, police have taken the head of a 12-year-old child recently found in the same village for forensic analysis. There has been no report of another missing child in that age group, creating room for suspicion that the head could have been exhumed from a grave. “The other head found in Makore village is now subject to forensic analysis. So far no report of a missing person falling in that category has been received by the police. We are still investigating that matter,” said Asst-Comm Nyathi. During investigations, Shamba recently told detectives he killed the boy by cutting off the head with a knife in the dead of the night, while the boy’s uncle was holding a torch. Shamba said after the alleged murder, he carried a black plastic bag containing the head and the dismembered body while his employer, who is the boy’s uncle, carried another bag containing the arms and legs. He led the team of detectives to the uncle’s homestead where he said he fed the boy, drugged him with kachasu and locked him up in a room for hours. Shamba said he met the boy’s uncle around midnight and took the boy to a nearby mountain, where they allegedly killed him. “Around midnight, we opened the door and I carried the boy, who was still in deep slumber to a mountain in the village. Mr Makore carried the knives and the plastic bags. While here (in the mountain), I pressed the boy to the ground and cut off his head with a sharp knife, while his uncle was holding a torch for lighting. “I also cut off the hands and legs, but we packed the parts in different plastic bags. I carried the one with the torso and the head while Mr Makore carried another one containing the legs and hands,” he said. At the scene, investigators saw human waste, believed to have been excreted by the boy during the murder. Shamba told detectives that he cleaned the scene of the blood and set the grass on fire to destroy evidence. He said while walking back to Makore’s homestead, he felt the load was becoming heavier before dumping the torso near Mr Summer Murwira’s homestead. While at Makore’s homestead, Shamba said he was instructed to put the head in one of the rooms, which he did. The following day, Shamba said he dumped the arms and legs at a nearby grave as police investigations were intensifying. Source: Murehwa ritual murder: Police quiz n’anga More on the same subject: Pastor Charles Charamba Speaks Out On Murehwa Ritual Killing Published: October 14, 2020 By: iHarare, Zimbabwe – Audrey L. Ncube Gospel musician Pastor Charles Charamba has condemned the killing of children for ritual purposes. The condemnation comes in the wake of the murder of a seven-year-old Murehwa boy, Tapiwa Makore, for ritual purposes, allegedly by his uncle. In an interview with Hmetro, Pastor Charamba decried the loss of young children as a result of heinous and evil actions for rituals and witchcraft purposes. “The disappointing aspect in this account of Tapiwa from Murewa is that those men that wanted to be rich, wanted to be rich during this lockdown knowing that everyone in the world has been impoverished. “They were led by that need to be rich when everything else around the world is stagnant, that is very evil,” Pastor Charamba said. Pastor Charamba revealed that he is pained by the unfortunate killing of Tapiwa Makore for ritual purposes. He emphasized how the Bible talks about the sacredness of life. “For me as a pastor, it is very unfortunate that we lost Tapiwa and others of his age but I am saying that life is sacred. He explained it is painful and unfortunate that these killings are done by people very close to the children. He called on guardians to keep children safe and not to fall under the influence of superstition as it is an enemy of society. “It is something that is very sad and very unfortunate because it is being done by people who are supposed to be trusted custodians of the children. They abuse their offices and also abuse their relationships with their victims. “We are hoping that the Almighty guides us so that our society changes and improves when it comes to issues that have to do with trust. “Above all, the way in which we people want money nowadays is not a good way at all and this is also being caused by what is known as superstition because what people usually regard as worshipping is not actually worshipping,” he said. Source: Pastor Charles Charamba Speaks Out On Murehwa Ritual Killing Murehwa Ritual Murder Details Emerge… Victim’s Uncle Wanted To Use Body Parts To Get Rich And For Horticulture Project Published: October 1, 2020 By: iHarare, Zimbabwe – Sharon Chirisa Murehwa Ritual Murder Details… Victim’s Uncle Wanted To Get Rich The senseless murder of 7 year old Tapiwa Makore from Makore Village under Chief Mangwende, in Murehwa, left the whole country with a bitter taste in their mouths. The whole country is still recovering from the heinous crime and never has been the pursuit of justice been swift and urgent before. Tapiwa Makore was abducted while he was watching over his family’s garden from thieving monkeys, only for his mutilated corpse to turn up the next day, being ravaged by the Makore neighbors’ oblivious dogs. A breakthrough emerged in the case, after the cattle herdman, Tafadzwa Shamba was arrested in connection with the murder, eventually leading to Tapiwa’s namesake and uncle, as being the mastermind behind the cold blooded killing. The police were correct in treating it as a ritual murder, because that is what it turned out to be after further investigations. Ritual murders are often accompanied by mutilation and the dismemberment of certain body parts which are believed to be the main ingredients for spells, this mostly includes the head, private parts, tongue and sometimes the eyes and limbs. The reason behind Tapiwa Makore’s murder is more shocking like the murder itself. According to state broadcaster reports earlier this week, his uncle had him killed because he wanted to increase his wealth and boost his horticulture project using dark magic. Tapiwa Makore’s other body parts were taken to a yet to be identified witch doctor, who would then perform the spell. Even more chilling was the fact that Tapiwa Makore Senior stood by, holding a torch for illumination, as Tafadzwa Shamba was murdering his nephew. An eerily composed Tafadzwa Shamba appeared on TV indicating on the crime scene and narrating the horrific details leading to Tapiwa Makore’s final hours. Tapiwa Makore’s final hours must have been frightening and lonely as he was detained in the home of the man who was not only a trusted family member, but his namesake as well. The boy was restrained, drugged using an illicit brew of alcohol and then taken to a mountain in the night where he was decapitated and mutilated. His uncle Tapiwa Makore Snr , initially denied the accusations but an arrest was made. Makore and Shamba are currently remanded in custody, awaiting trial on the 13th of October 2020. The stain of his death is one that will linger on in the psyches of many. Source: Murehwa Ritual Murder Details Emerge… Victim’s Uncle Wanted To Use Body Parts To Get Rich And For Horticulture Project	142,766
Realizing the costs and folly of instituting a massive greenhouse gas regulatory regime, Members of Congress stopped cap-and-trade legislation to cut greenhouse gas emissions, most notably carbon dioxide (CO2), from becoming law in the last Congress. But their job is not complete. Now unelected bureaucrats at the EPA are attempting to bypass the legislative process through regulatory dictate by using The Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide. The problem is that Congress never intended The Clean Air Act to cover CO2 and the result of doing so would extract trillions of dollars from our economy and destroy over one million jobs. Worse yet, there would be no demonstrable benefit to the environment. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate are expected to vote today on a number of measures with regards to the EPA and greenhouse gas regulations. Congress should use all means possible to stop the EPA permanently from regulating GHGs and seek to prevent other agencies from doing the same. Although the EPA is first targeting facilities emitting over 75,000 tons annually, the burden of the regulations will be paid for by every American. Two of the first major targets of EPA regulations are fossil fuel power plants and petroleum refineries, and since the nations gets 85% of its energy from fossil fuels, regulating these entities would significantly increase the cost of energy for all Americans. Not only will these rules directly raise the cost of electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, and home heating oil, it will also indirectly hurt American consumers because higher energy costs are incorporated into the cost of virtually everything, increasing costs to businesses. The businesses, in turn, will pass those costs onto consumers. What is the reasoning behind the EPA’s restrictive CO2 regulations? In April 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that carbon dioxide is a pollutant within the definition of the Clean Air Act and may be regulated under the CAA if statutory conditions were met. The Court ordered the EPA Administrator to determine whether CO2 was dangerous to human health and the environment and whether the science on the health and environmental effects of GHGs was settled. The EPA concluded CO2 was in fact a threat to public welfare because of carbon dioxide’s supposed contribution to warming the planet. The EPA lists potential environmental and public welfare effects that result from increased CO2 emissions as: sea level rises, stressed water resources, increased size and quantity of wildfires, insect outbreaks, threats to ecosystems and national security, among others. The problem with the agency’s finding is that it relies on questionable science and ignores vigorous dissention among the scientific community. Even if we set aside the abundance of scientific dissention when it comes to the EPA’s endangerment findings or the supposed effects of CO2 on climate, the EPA’s regulations will not reduce CO2 enough to have any meaningful effect. Attempting to reduce CO2 unilaterally will have an insignificant impact on overall global emissions. China and India’s CO2 emissions are rapidly increasing as they continue to expand their respective economies and they have no intention of scaling back economic growth to curb emissions. Even if the EPA were to reduce U.S. carbon emissions 83 percent below 2005 levels by 2050 (what recent cap-and-trade bills called for), it would constitute a very, very small portion of emissions worldwide. China and India’s reluctance to cut emissions also affects the U.S. from a competitiveness standpoint. Higher energy prices and unnecessary regulations in the United States compared to other countries will drive businesses to more investment-friendly parts of the world. Legislative Fixes: The Bad and the Good Policymakers have introduced number of legislative fixes, both bad and good, to address the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. Temporary fixes and exemptions will not suffice. Congress needs to enact policy that would permanently prevent unelected bureaucrats from regulating CO2 and the catastrophic economic consequences that come along with it. Only this approach would provide the regulatory certainty American businesses need. - The Bad: Two Year Delay or Codifying the Tailor Rule: Senator Jay Rockefeller (D–WV) introduced legislation that would delay the EPA’s ability to regulate CO2 for two years, but this is not the right approach for Congress to take. It is not a step in the right direction and will do more harm than good by creating uncertainty and leaving the endangerment finding intact. One problem with a two-year delay is that it creates uncertainty for energy-intensive businesses looking to build new projects or make major expansions. From planning to construction and operation, such projects have much longer time horizons than two years. Not knowing whether a two-year delay will be renewed in two years or if the energy tax will go into effect in two years will deter businesses from making new investments and creating jobs at a time when they’re most needed. Another serious problem with a two-year delay, specifically the Rockefeller bill, is that the EPA can still regulate CO2 under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) program. If CO2 becomes an NAAQS, it would trigger requirements that could be met only by severely curtailing economic activity. As David Lungren of the Senate Environmental Public Works Committee put it, “A CO2 NAAQS would twist the CAA into knots and spread EPA’s regulatory tentacles into every corner of the economy.” Another bad legislative fix is to permanently exempt small emitters of greenhouse gas emissions from CO2 regulations. Senator Max Baucus (D-MT) introduced an amendment that would in effect codify 75,000-ton-per-year threshold and prevent small businesses and farms from regulation under the Clean Air Act’s (CAA’s) Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) preconstruction permitting program and Title V operating permits program. Doing so would remove the legal questions surrounding the Tailoring Rule but would provide no protection from higher energy costs that small businesses, farms and consumers would face since larger emitters, such as energy producers would still be taxed. Further, the EPA could still regulate greenhouse gases under the NAAQS program. - The Good: Stop the EPA & Stop All Climate Change Regulations. House Energy and Commerce Committee passed legislation introduced by Representatives Fred Upton (R-MI) and Ed Whitfield (R-KY) that would repeal the EPA’s endangerment rule and block the EPA from regulating CO2. Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY) added a rider to a small business bill that adopts language initially introduced by Senatore James Inhofe (R-OK). Specifically, The Energy Tax Prevention Act would “amend the Clean Air Act to prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from promulgating any regulation concerning, taking action relating to, or taking into consideration the emission of a greenhouse gas to address climate change, and for other purposes.” The most effective and comprehensive approach would be to permanently prohibit any federal regulators from using greenhouse gas emissions as a reason to slow or prevent economic activity. Senator Barrasso (R-WY) introduced legislation that would prevent the EPA and other Federal regulators such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from using any environmental act to impose regulations based on climate findings, including Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. The Defending America’s Affordable Energy and Jobs Act would “preempt regulation of, action relating to, or consideration of greenhouse gases under Federal and common law on enactment of a Federal policy to mitigate climate change.” The burden of the EPA regulations will be paid for by every American. The regulations would have the same impact on our economy and employment as would a major new energy tax as passed through cap and trade, but they would be worse, since they would entail more compliance, administrative, and legal costs. Permanently preventing the EPA from regulating CO2 is the only acceptable solution. Nicolas Loris is a Research Assistant at The Heritage Foundation’s Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies. Loris studies energy, environment and regulation issues such as the economic impacts of climate change legislation, a free market approach to nuclear energy and the effects of environmental policy on energy prices and the economy. Read more informative articles at Heritage – The Foundry	168,502
Sometimes being “smart” with money can make you want to cry (at least it does this to me!) It is hard day after day to control your spending and look to the future, especially when it seems like everyone else is doing just fine. So how do you keep focusing on the future without going crazy today? - Forget about it for a while. Sometimes it helps to just have a day to feel like you are not restricted. Similar to the free day in your diet, a free day in your spending can help you get the little bit of splurge that you need. The caution with this is that you don’t want to let this force you to spend more than you make, you still need to make sure you are not blowing your budget. The way that I typically handle this is I will save for a few months and then use that money for my splurge day. For me this is typically with my clothing purchases. I buy my clothes for the year in a day or two and this amazingly eliminates the feeling of sacrifice. - Focus on what you enjoy the most. I understand that you may not really enjoy any of it, but there has to be something that is a bit easier for you than the rest. Pick your favorite and then spend one of your money days on this item only. For me this is investments, by spending time reviewing investments and picking out new ones I become motivated to not only continue to save but also to find new ways to cut the budget to increase my savings. - Manage your expectations. When we are bombarded with advertisements and easy access to seeing what others have (reality TV, blogs, etc) it can be easy for our expectations to be unbalance. Your expectations should be based on your income not that of the people on TV. It is also easy to set unrealistic expectations based on how you were raised. You will most likely not be able to immediately be in the same income position as your parents. You cannot expect to be able to spend like they do. It is unrealistic to lose 10 pounds in a day (and do it so you are still healthy). Likewise if you make $25,000 it is unrealistic to purchase a new outfit for every weekend or take lavish vacations. Adjust your expectations. - Do not compare yourself to others. This goes along with managing your expectations. You have no idea where others stand with their money. You don’t know how indebt they may have gotten in order to “appear” rich. It is easy to believe everyone else is doing just fine when you do not see their outward money struggles. You can only compare yourself to you. Remember 42% of Americans are living paycheck to paycheck. - Remember why you are doing this. What are the chances social security will be available for you? Do you have a pension and know that it will be around when you need it? With the changes in retirement funding it is more important than ever for you to be working towards a solid future. If you don’t take the time to save and control your money today no one else will. Visualize what you want your retirement to look like. Once you have this in mind figure out what you would need in income each year to make this happen. Now time for the reality check: could you make this happen with what you are saving today? Put this vision on the wall, and remind yourself why sometimes the pain of being smart today will pay off in the future. Being smart with your money is not always easy, but it is always worth it.	184,245
Less Government, More Responsibility, and — With God’s Help — a Better World To bring about less government, more responsibility, and — with God's help — a better world by providing leadership, education, and organized volunteer action in accordance with moral and Constitutional principles. Meet the Founder and Namesake The John Birch Society was launched in 1958 by Robert Welch as a uniquely structured grassroots organization that would give Americans the best chance possible to preserve their freedom and prosperity. Our purpose is to bring about “less government, more responsibility, and – with God’s help – a better world.” Our main strategy for restoring our constitutional Republic is to create an informed electorate that has sufficient understanding to elect a majority of constitutionalists to our state and federal legislatures, as well as constitutionalist governors and, some day, a constitutionalist president. If you are committed to preserving a life of freedom for yourself and your family under the U.S. Constitution, please join us now!	100,158
SNPwatch gives you the latest news about research linking various traits and conditions to individual genetic variations. These studies are exciting because they offer a glimpse into how genetics may affect our bodies and health; but in most cases, more work is needed before this research can provide information of value to individuals. For that reason it is important to remember that like all information we provide, the studies we describe in SNPwatch are for research and educational purposes only. SNPwatch is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice; you should always seek the advice of your physician or other appropriate healthcare professional with any questions you may have regarding diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention of any disease or other medical condition. Basal cell carcinoma is not only the most common form of skin cancer in the United States – it’s the most common cancer overall. Close to a million new cases are diagnosed each year. Luckily, this type of cancer is easily treated and unlikely to spread. It can, however, cause extensive damage to surrounding tissue and bone if it’s not removed. The biggest risk factor for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as well as several other types of skin cancer, is sun exposure. People with light skin, hair, and eyes – who have low levels of the protective skin pigment melanin – are at especially increased risk. It’s therefore not surprising that many of the genetic variants associated with skin cancer are also linked to fair pigmentation. A new study, published online Sunday in Nature Genetics, has identified two SNPs on chromosome 1 that increase the risk of BCC, but are not linked to a person’s coloring. After studying more than 2,000 people with BCC and close to 36,000 controls from Iceland and Eastern Europe, Stacey et al found that each A at rs7538876 and each G at rs801114 increased the odds of developing BCC 1.28 times over those with two Gs or two Ts, respectively. (23andMe customers can check their data by clicking on the links above that lead to our Browse Raw Data feature) The authors of the study estimate that about 1.6% of people with European ancestry have two copies of the riskier versions at both of these SNPs, and that these people have 2.98 times the odds of BCC compared to people who have no risky copies. The researchers then looked at the DNA of people with two other types of skin cancer that, like BCC, are related to sun. But in about 400 people with squamous cell carcinoma and about 2,000 with cutaneous melanoma, they saw no association with the SNPs. “One unifying theme may be that genes associated with fair pigmentation confer cross-risk of all three skin cancer types because of their roles in protection from the shared risk factor of UV light, whereas the more specifically associated variants may act through different pathways,” the authors write in their report. To investigate this idea further, the researchers looked to see if the two new BCC-associated SNPs were related to pigmentation at all. In a sample of about 5,000 Icelandic people they found that neither SNP was linked to eye or hair color, nor were either of them linked to a propensity to freckle or sun sensitivity. “Taken together, these data suggest that the [SNPs] act through pathways other than those related to UV-susceptible pigmentation traits,” the authors write.	281,400
News Release Article from Government of Canada Takes Steps to Grow the Economy January 29, 2016 – Ottawa, Ontario – Department of Finance Finance Minister Bill Morneau welcomed today the beginning of second reading debate in the House of Commons on Bill C-2, an important step towards implementing a middle class tax cut that will benefit about 9 million Canadians each year. Minister Morneau emphasized that Bill C-2 is the first step in the Government’s plan to put in place the conditions to create long-term growth, create jobs and help Canada’s middle class prosper. The Government of Canada remains focused on growing the national economy as it prepares to deliver a federal budget that will strengthen the middle class and those working hard to join it. In the upcoming budget, the Government will introduce the new Canada Child Benefit. Payments under the Canada Child Benefit would begin in July 2016. In contrast to the existing system of federal child benefits, the Canada Child Benefit would be simpler, more generous, tax-free, and better targeted to those who need it most. Together, these measures will put more money in the pockets of Canadians to save, invest and grow the economy. “Our Government has a plan to grow our economy, strengthen the middle class, and help those working hard to join it. When middle class Canadians have more money in their pockets to save, invest and grow the economy, we all benefit. The Government’s middle class tax cut is the first step in our plan, and it provides relief to about 9 million Canadians.” – Bill Morneau, Minister of Finance - Bill C-2 reduces the 22-per-cent personal income tax rate to 20.5 per cent. Single individuals who benefit will see an average tax reduction of $330 every year, and couples who benefit will see an average tax reduction of $540 every year. - This middle class tax cut will provide about $3.4 billion in annual tax relief to about 9 million Canadians. Office of the Minister of Finance Department of Finance Search for related information by keyword Hon. William Francis Morneau Department of Finance Canada Government and Politics - Date modified:	124,085
Cauvery delta voters to decide fates of Jaya AIADMK supremo Jayalalithaa chose Srirangam on the banks of Cauvery in Tiruchirapalli district while her arch rival and Chief Minister M Karunanidhi is fighting from his home town Tiruvarur in the delta. The Cauvery delta comprises Tiruchirapalli, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts. Karunanidhi has shifted from Chepauk in Chennai, which he has represented since 1996 and Jayalalithaa from Andipatti in Theni district, which she won twice. Jayalalithaa`s forefathers hailed from Srirangam and migrated to Mysore decades ago while Karunanidhi started his public life in 1937 at Tiruvarur when he organsied anti-Hindi agitation as a student of Board High School there. The DMK veteran has never lost an election from 1957 when he was elected from Kulithalai in Karur district. Jayalalithaa tasted defeat at Bargur in Krishnagiri district in 1996. Shrinking cultivable areas due to lack of water in the Cauvery for the past two decades, frequent power cuts, industrial backwardness, alleged killings of Indian fishermen by Sri Lankan Navy and non-implementation of schemes to the victims of the 2004 tsunami are some of the key issues dominating the electioneering in the delta.	178,595
Figure 1: (a) The plasmid vectors, pCEIL and phRL-SV40, used for HGD are targeted to murine liver. (b) A liver dissected one day after the HGD of pCEIL DNA dissolved in PBS(-). The whole liver is photographed under light (upper panel) and under light and UV (lower panel). There is notable EGFP-derived green fluorescence in the region surrounding the large aorta. Particularly, the area in the right median lobe (enclosed by the circle) is extensively transfected. We therefore focused our study on this region. CAG: cytomegalovirus enhancer + chicken β-actin promoter; CAP site: transcription start site; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein cDNA; IRES: internal ribosomal entry site; Pa: poly(A) sites; SVp: SV40 early promoter. (c) The measurement of luc activity in the liver one day after transfection with pCEIL/PBS(-) (PBS); pCEIL/PBS(-)/DDMC (DDMC); pCEIL/PBS(-)/SugarFect (Sugar); pCEIL/PBS(-)/in vivo-jet PEI (PEI); pCEIL/PBS(-)/DMRIE-C (DMRIE); pCEIL/PBS(-)/FuGENE HD (FuGENE); pCEIL/PBS(-)/F/P MPs (F/P); or PBS(-) alone (Mock). In each group, phRL-SV40 is included as the gene transfer control. The data (in relative light units (RLU) per milligram of protein) are presented as the mean ± the standard error (). For comparison of pCEIL/PBS(-) (PBS) and experimental groups, Scheffe’s post hoc test was used with findings of marked with double asterisk and with an asterisk, respectively. (d) Fluorescence in the liver samples one day after transfection with PBS(-) alone (Mock); pCEIL/PBS(-) (DNA/PBS); or pCEIL/PBS(-)/in vivo-jet PEI (DNA/PEI). Unfixed liver samples of the right medial lobe (upper row panels) and immunohistochemical specimens (lower row panels) were examined with a fluorescence stereomicroscope to detect EGFP. Note the widespread bright cytoplasmic fluorescence in the liver sample after the introduction of pCEIL/PBS(-)/in vivo-jet PEI.	132,717
HABIT 5 – EMOTIONAL FLUIDITY Extended Activity 1 Consider the habit of listening to music almost 24/7 to lessen undesirable feelings associated with tension, or to enhance feelings that combat stress. Do you recognize this habit as practiced by you or someone you know? When this is a primary music listening habit, the music may only provide temporary relief from feeling anxious, angry, depression, sadness, confusion, or boredom and then that feeling returns after the music stops, which is why the music plays continuously. When music listening is desired almost nonstop, it’s most likely due to a problematic mood found in any of the U.S.E. moods. For example, a soothed mood may be the target feeling to avoid feeling anything else. So soothing music ONLY is chosen, and all other music (and situations?) are avoided. There are other examples referenced in the blog’s research reports which emphasize the habit of self-medication intensifying problem emotions. Read more about long listening periods of time for people experiencing mood disorders entitled “Mood Music Listening Habits” at https://themusic4life.com/mood-music-listening-habits. Extended Activity 2 Create a new playlist curated from your U.S.E. mood playlists (Habit 4, Activity 5) to move you into a space of intentional, prescriptive listening. This new prescriptive way of listening to music embraces what you’ve already learned implementing Habits #1 through #4. Become aware of tendencies to self-medicate with music as you explore the use of prescriptive music listening which may expose repressed or suppressed emotions to be cleansed and released. This emphasizes the essential step of matching a distressed emotion which translates into listening to “U” music first. Then, you follow a prescribed mood sequence thereafter to avoid immersion in just “U” music. You may wonder “Why would I want to listen to music that intentionally makes me upset?” It is important because of the tremendous clinical evidence working with more than 11,000 clients applying this cathartic approach. When you utilize all three U.S.E. playlists in a properly created new playlist, a distressed emotion can be cleansed and regulated, resulting in mental hygiene. Read more about “Cathartic Strategies” at https://themusic4life.com/strategize-your-catharsis. Extended Activity 3 Mood Sequence Formulas™ are integral to the prescriptive music listening approach by organizing a flow of emotions with matching mood music. Your broad emotional continuum, categorized into U, S and E mood states, are satiated with the best music to ease transitions between mood states. A Mood Sequence Formula places mood music in a prescribed order to create a new playlist called a Music Medicine Pill™. Here are four steps in creating a Music Medicine Pill following a popular Mood Sequence Formula. Listen daily to this new Music Medicine Pill for a healing catharsis, satiating and cleansing emotions. This addresses your broad emotional continuum of U, S and E moods and “exercises” them as you experience easier transitions between mood states. If your Music Medicine Pill is not working to meet your expectations, Chronic Comfort Zones could be the problem. A trained music therapist can coach you with suggestions at musictelemedicine.com. And, check here for updates on the Key2MEE® app development to help you create your Music Medicine Pill. ** Note that the organization of the mood music may require audio file editing to optimize the entrainment mechanism essential for your targeted catharsis. This editing process requires support from a certified music therapist who has attained advanced training with the designation of Music4Life® Music Medicine Practitioner. Extended Activity 4 Learn about the benefits of implementing Music Medicine Pills. When U.S.E. playlists provide the necessary music selections to meet a group’s goals, significant results can occur. Here is one example of a Music Medicine Pill that follows a Mood Sequence Formula of U→S→E. 603 clinical participants were surveyed after experiencing this Music Medicine Pill as a one-time guided meditation. 91% reported improved mood state and 94% acknowledged enhanced Emotional Intelligence. Listen to the diverse music and moods included in the Music Medicine Pill created for this clinical group. Please note that each music selection was modified for session time constraints and optimal mood transitions. MUSIC LISTENING CAUTION: If you are in physical pain, such as a headache, this first section may worsen the pain which may subside as you listen to this entire playlist. The optimal experience for the first section is feeling an unsettled state, but not to an extreme condition of escalating emotional or physical pain. Should your discomfort become life-threatening, immediately stop the music. This playlist is not intended to be a substitute for professional counseling or medical care. Listen to the Music Medicine Pill on Spotify at https://spoti.fi/3o9w5Xg Review the benefits in the clinical survey at https://themusic4life.com/music-medicine-with-recovery/ Extended Activity 5 Build your music mojo U.S.E.ing Music4Life® Music Medicine to create your superpower of resiliency where your heart and mind link together for success that defies stressors. Apply your carefully crafted Music Medicine Pill™ daily for the first two weeks, then as needed thereafter, to achieve an emotional balance with greater resilience and the ability to stay in a “flow state” as you build Emotional Fluidity. Note your daily experiences. Mood Sequence Formulas generate not only Music Medicine Pills, but also Mood Exercise Regimens™, dependent on your goals. Are you focused on job or physical fitness performance goals? Mood Sequence Formulas™ for performance goals may differ from therapeutic goals. Learn more about this personalized approach at http://themusic4life.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Customized-MoodExerciseRegimen.pdf. If you require assistance developing your Music Medicine Pill (therapeutic goals) or Mood Exercise Regimen (performances goals), please visit MusicTelemedicine.com for a consultation. Copyright 2022 Music 4 Life, Inc. All Rights Reserved.	284,260
EU Court Backs 'Right to be Forgotten'ENISA Praises 'Landmark Decision' in Google Case Internet users in the European Union can ask Google and other search engines to remove certain sensitive information from Internet search results, Europe's highest court ruled on May 13. "This is a landmark decision for the privacy of EU citizens," says Udo Helmbrecht, executive director of ENISA, an agency who's role is to enhance the cybersecurity prevention work of the EU and member states. "It is a fundamental ruling ... namely how we deal with our personal data and the digital tracks we leave behind." The ruling, handed down by the Court of Justice of the European Union, states the "operator of the search engine ... is, in certain circumstances, obliged to remove links to Web pages that are published by third parties and contain information relating to a person from the list of results displayed following a search made on the basis of that person's name." The court's ruling on the "right to be forgotten" stems from a case involving a man in Spain who argued that Google's search results disclosed details about the auction of his repossessed home over unpaid debts. "[The man] stated that the proceedings concerning him had been fully resolved for a number of years and that reference to them was now entirely irrelevant," the ruling states. Google, in a statement provided to Information Security Media Group, said: "This is a disappointing ruling for search engines and online publishers in general. We now need to take time to analyze the implications." Analysis from ENISA The court's ruling falls in line with ENISA's earlier recommendations around the right to be forgotten, Helmbrecht says. Specifically, ENISA said search engine operators and sharing services within the EU should be required to filter references to forgotten information stored inside and outside the EU region. "This is a positive step in the correct direction," Helmbrecht says. "You as a citizen should be able to delete your own old data or photos online, just as you do with printed paper." Helmbrecht says it will be interesting to see how search engines implement the court's ruling, since the verdict only affects European citizens. "This is an important first legal step to regulation, to develop the legal right for the citizens to delete their data ... a process which is just in the beginning," Helmbrecht says. "We would like to have a global legal system for the Internet which is prepared for the future. This is a fundamental issue for our society." EU Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding, the European Commission's vice president, said on her Facebook page May 13 that the judgment is a "clear victory" for the protection of Europeans' personal data. "Companies can no longer hide behind their servers being based in California or anywhere else in the world," she wrote. "Today's judgment is a strong tailwind for the data protection reform that the European Commission proposed in January 2012 as it confirms the main pillars of what we have inscribed in the data protection regulation. The ruling confirms the need to bring today's data protection rules from the 'digital stone age' into today's modern computing world." Privacy attorney Francoise Gilbert of the U.S.-based IT Law Group notes: "This ruling should make it easier for individuals who seek the removal or blocking of links to information that they find offensive, irrelevant or obsolete to obtain redress if the search engine ignores their request." The fundamental question in this type of case, Gilbert says, "is finding a balance between the public's right to have access to any information that has been legally published, and the individual's right to obtain the blocking of data that might be inadequate, not relevant or no longer relevant, or excessive in relation to the purpose for which they were processed, and in the light of the time that has passed. Trevor Hughes, president and CEO of the International Association of Privacy Professionals, says the EU court's ruling presents an "incredibly complicated issue [that's] being dropped into an incredibly dynamic and multi-faceted and technological business world. It's impossible to assess today all of the potential implications of this decision and potential implementations. Much remains to be seen, and I think there will be much analysis done to get a clear picture as to how significant this actually is." The ruling changes the risk landscape for not only services that are publishing information as first-party original content, but any service that aggregates data from other websites, such as Facebook, Twitter and search engines, Hughes says. "This is an incredibly significant decision for all of them." Hughes says momentum continues to grow for the rights of individuals to control, manage and have authority over their data. "Ensuring that systematically your organization has the ability to address that type of access to data is going to be very important," he adds.The European Commission has proposed data protection reform to overhaul the EU's 1995 data protection directive (see: EU Data Protection Reform Endorsed). But despite the European Union Parliament's recent endorsement of a proposed rewrite of Europe's vaunted privacy rules, the rewrite remains stalled, and the situation likely won't be resolved this year (see: EU Privacy Rules Rewrite Still Stalled).	34,560
When you are as big on local culture as Hotel Icon, preserving it comes naturally. We work with employees and guests to ensure green practices are in place hotel-wide, and we’re excited to share our eco-initiatives. Over eight thousand plants (8,603 plants, 71 species) grow in the vertical garden that greets guests in our lobby. We love adding that extra flush of green to our city, but more important is the pure oxygen that the plants generate. In addition, a green roof and podium and a landscaped garden help clean air and reduces energy use for heating and cooling. The hotel has been awarded the CarbonCare® Label by Carbon Care Asia Ltd which recognises our achievement in carbon footprint reduction. We cut CO2 emissions and save between 25 and 28 per cent on energy consumption by using water cooling systems for our chiller plant cooling instead of air. We convert what would be waste energy to create pre-cool (in summer) or pre-heat (in winter) fresh air, and use heat pumps to pre-heat water in for our swimming pools and our guest rooms. We maximize use of natural ventilation and lighting, and when we must use lamps, we always choose high efficiency LED. If a space is not being used, our sensors know to switch off all lights and other electric functions. That’s when we love technology. Recycling and Sustainability Paperless check-in is not only speedy; it saved 2.39 tons of paper or 40 trees, last year. We also recycle our garbage, including glass and plastic bottles, paper and aluminum cans, as well as cooling tower water. Our We Care program allows guests to choose when they want linens and towels replaced. Corporate Social Responsibility We love traditional here at Hotel ICON. Excess edible food from our kitchens is donated to the “Food Angels” organization, which provides healthful food for local families in need. Our glass is recycled as part of the City’s Glass Container Recycling programme. If you think green too and want to know more, don’t hesitate to contact our email@example.com for more details on Hotel Icon’s Green Policies.	144,790
Almost ten years ago, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter flew 15 miles above the moon’s surface, gathering data and capturing images of various locations, including the Sea of Tranquility. In the images that NASA released of the landing site, the lunar module’s abandoned descent stage and the foot prints of the astronauts were still visible. The abandoned descent stage wasn’t the only thing visible in the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter photos. If you follow one of the tracks left behind, you can see the Passive Seismic Experiment Package, an instrument used to measure and return seismic data of the moon back to earth. It only functioned for three week after the moon landing. Another instrument still visible that was left behind on the moon is the Laser Ranging RetroReflector which was used to get precise measurements between the earth and the moon. Unlike the Passive Seismic Experiment Package, the Laser Ranging RetroReflector is still operation today. The second visible set of tracks stretches out to a little crater to the right of the lunar module. This second trail was a spontaneous expedition made by Armstrong to the Little West Crater. Traveling about 50 meters from the lunar module, this was the farthest that either of the two adventured on the surface. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter entered orbit around the moon of June 23 of 2009. It was sent there to help determine future landing sites for lunar missions. While orbiting the surface, the spacecraft was tasked with looking for promising high scientific value resources, suitable and advantageous terrain and a habitable environment for both robots and humans. Another task the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter was given was photographing all of the Apollo landing sites including the carious locations where ejected modules struck the surface. Due to the various instruments on board, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is able to return a vast range of data including Ultraviolet albedo, global geodetic grid, day-night temperatures and high resolution photos. Scientist at NASA have placed an emphasis on scouting the moon’s polar regions. The lunar south pole may have occurrences of ice in some of the craters due to permanent darkness and inversely the lunar north pole’s uninterrupted access to sunlight would be beneficial from human and robots alike. All the data obtained by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has been upload to a public repository of planetary data called the Planetary Data System. Since the moon lacks any form of atmosphere, there is very little to no erosion on it. That means that as long as a meteor doesn’t strike the landing site, the footprints and data collection equipment left behind by the astronauts could end up staying there, untouched for a very long time. The Apollo 11 landing site might one day become a great tourist attraction for any future moon base inhabitants	178,954
In addition to sites in the U.S. and Japan, Nissan 's upcoming Leaf electric vehicle will be built alongside the Juke compact crossover at the brand'sSunderland, U.K. plant. The zero-emission, five-passenger model will roll off the Number 2 assembly line in 2013. Sunderland has a planned initial capacity of 50,000 units and will be complemented by a new lithium-ion battery plant that's scheduled to open in 2012. It'll churn out a maximum of 60,000 batteries per year. The Renault-Nissan alliance is investing $639.8 million into the location. Its site in Oppama, Japan will begin Leaf production later this year, with Smyrna, Tennessee, following in 2012. A limited number of Japanese, American, and European buyers will have the chance to put a Leaf in their garages later this year. Availability, at this point, has much to do with a customer's location and that location's friendliness to EVs in terms of infrastructure, grid capacity, and other factors. Nissan hopes to introduce the Leaf on a global scale in 2012.	134,869
As our mobile devices have matured, gaining the ability to connect to the Web, we’ve labeled them as “smart.” But why settle for just smart? Harnessing the power of the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 processor, developers, and OEMs are taking our devices to the next level, creating new experiences with the aid of machine learning. From superior video and security to your own personal assistant, your Snapdragon device has the ability to operate intelligently — outside of the cloud or Web connection — allowing you to experience your smarter phone in an entirely new way. Application developers and device manufacturers understand what their users want. They can create a feature or an application that uses machine learning (more specifically, deep neural networks) to improve the performance a particular task, such as detecting or recognizing objects, filtering out background noise, or recognizing voices or languages. These applications are usually run in the cloud, and depending on the device they’re in, this could be sub-optimal. The Snapdragon Neural Processing Engine SDK was created to help developers determine where to run their neural network-powered applications on the processor. For example, an audio/speech detection application might run on the Qualcomm Hexagon DSP and an object detection or style transfer application on the Qualcomm Adreno GPU. With the help of the SDK, developers have the flexibility to target the core of choice that best matches the power and performance profile of the intended user experience. The SDK supports convolutional neural networks, LSTMs (Long Short-Term Memory) expressed in Caffe and TensorFlow, as well as conversion tools designed to ensure optimal performance on Snapdragon heterogenous cores. The Hexagon DSP and its wide vector extensions (HVX) offer an impressive power and performance mix for running neural networks on device. Performance is up to 8X faster and 25X more power efficient than using the CPU, which translates to lower battery consumption overall. In addition to support via the Snapdragon Neural Processing Engine, TensorFlow is directly supported on the Hexagon DSP, giving developers multiple options to run their chosen neural network power apps. Here are a few applications that could be facilitated by Snapdragon 835 on-device machine learning tech: Photography: Machine learning can aid in scene classification, real-time noise reduction, and object tracking, making it easier to take the perfect shot, or capture video regardless of the conditions. VR/AR: With machine learning on your device, VR/AR feature can operate faster and with less lag, so everything from gestures and facial recognition to object tracking and depth perception are an immersive experience. Voice detection: Your phone’s on-device AI can listen for commands and keywords to help you navigate the data and apps on your device more efficiently, and save power doing so. Security: With facial recognition software and iris scanning, all operating independently from the cloud, your device can learn to identify, and help protect, you. Connections: Your Snapdragon device has the ability to filter out distracting background noise during calls for clearer conversations with friends and family. Qualcomm Technologies’ unique machine learning platform is engineered so devices powered by the Snapdragon 835 can run trained neural networks on your devices without relying on a connection to the cloud. Pretty innovative, right? Take a look at our previous deep dives into each of the Snapdragon 835 key components — battery, immersive AR and VR, photos and video, connectivity, and security — all of which combine to make the Snapdragon 835 mobile platform truly groundbreaking. And sign up to receive the latest Snapdragon news.	175,399
Painkillers are more difficult to obtain in Britain compared with the United States, according to the Associated Press. The country’s system of socialized medicine, where patients generally receive their care from one physician, makes “doctor shopping” for multiple prescriptions almost impossible, experts note. Prescriptions for opioids must be written on a special pink pad, and are cross-referenced with Britain’s National Health Service. This allows patients’ primary doctor to know what drugs their patients are receiving from other physicians. Dr. Anthony Ordman, founder of a pain clinic at London’s Royal Free Hospital, told the AP that British doctors are less likely to automatically grant patients’ requests. “In the U.S., doctors might wish to please their patients and prescribe them something because they’re clients,” he said. “But in the U.K., the patient doesn’t pay the doctor directly so I can choose not to prescribe painkillers without the fear of suffering financially myself.” While use of painkillers has been increasing in Britain, the increase has been much less compared with the United States. Strong painkillers generally are reserved for people who have had traumatic accidents, are suffering from cancer-related pain, or who are in palliative care. Vicodin is not licensed in Britain, according to the article. Over-the-counter painkillers such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally sold in packs of 16, and a person cannot purchase more than 100 pills at one time without a prescription. Many patients say Britain’s restrictive approach to pain medicine leaves them suffering, and some doctors agree. Dr. Michael Platt, lead clinician for pain services at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, told the AP, “To make it harder to prescribe enough painkillers for a patient in agony is wrong and essentially a form of torture. Either we need to treat the pain properly or we tell the patient they are just going to have to suffer.” Read More »	217,138
When I find myself complaining about city subway or bus service — while waiting too long for the bus or watching helplessly from one train as the one I need to transfer to leaves the station — I try to keep in mind that, maybe above all else, the relative ease of car-free mobility is the reason I live in New York. Jarrett Walker of Human Transit might say that, by having the choice to make my home in such a place, I have reached the self-actualization level on the Transit Hierarchy of Needs. Drawing on a post from The Dead Horse Times, Walker explains that by applying Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to public transportation, advocates might come to a better understanding of "what’s really important" when it comes to growing transit ridership while meeting the needs of those for whom transit is mostly a means to the most basic ends. We transport planners are sometimes cast as narrow-minded because we obsess about travel time. But we obsess about it because human beings do. When an urbanist such as Patrick Condon suggests that I should want transit to be slower so that it will foster better communities, I sense a problem that Maslow’s pyramid might elucidate. Where in Maslow’s pyramid would we locate our need for speed? You might argue that it depends on the purpose of travel, but the vast majority of our travel is about the three lowest levels of the pyramid. These levels — Physiological, Safety and Love/belonging — are what motivate us to work, and work is one of the great drivers of transit demand. More directly, the anxious basic lower-level needs are why we often feel "we just need to get there." You’re waiting for a bus or train because you want to be home where it’s safe (Safety). Or you want to get home to your partner or child (Safety and Love/belonging). Or you’re hungry — a Physiological need. When we engage in conversations about what makes a great city, or for that matter a good life, we have to remember that outside the sealed windows of our salon or charrette or network of likeminded blogs, most of our fellow citizens are working on more fundamental needs, and are motivated by those needs as they travel in the city. They’re buying food, or earning their rent money, or getting home to their families. In a somewhat related post, Second Avenue Sagas fears that New York’s "new" digital subway signage is already 10 years behind. Also on the Network today: Twin City Sidewalks on how Sesame Street is a bad model for public space; DC Bike Examiner on instances when transit isn’t "green"; and Soap Box LA on the new era of cooperation between cyclists and LAPD.	250,869
Bears are no longer welcome at Tahoe-Douglas trash cans. The Douglas County Commissioners adopted an ordinance Thursday to deal with people who experience repeated problems with bears getting into their trash. The ordinance stipulates that offenders will be given two warnings to remedy the problem. After a third offense within a two-year period, a fine will be issued. The ordinance is expected to go into effect Oct. 1. The commission introduced the ordinance May 24 and held public hearings on it June 21 and Thursday. Despite continuing public opposition the measure passed 4-1 with Commissioner Steve Weissinger dissenting. Representatives from Tahoe-Douglas General Improvement Districts spoke at Thursday's meeting. They said they felt that the bear-proof collection bins are too expensive and unsightly. "The Lakeridge General Improvement District has examined the proposal and strongly opposes it," said John McCall, Lakeridge district member. "We are unconvinced that such a measure is needed. These things are big and ugly. Where would they be placed? We have areas that are steep with little access to the road." The commissioners amended the ordinance to more carefully define "responsible parties." In addition they added a clause that the offenses must occur within a two-year span in order for penalties to take effect. Commissioner Don Miner said he felt people opposing the ordinance did not understand its true nature. He stressed that people who do not have bear problems with their trash will not be affected with the ordinance. "It only applies to those persons that are repeat offenders and it will be enforced on a complaints made basis," Miner said. "Those responsible parties are prior offenders, which means they've had one and two previous offenses within a two-year period. After a second offense they will be required to buy a bear-proof container and if there is another offense they will be fined $100." Commissioner Kelly Kite recognized the remaining public opposition to the ordinance. He pointed out that if the ordinance produces undue hardship for Tahoe-Douglas residents, it can easily be repealed. "If it comes to the point where it turns out we are forcing everyone in the basin to buy bear-proof trash containers then I will put it on the agenda to be pulled myself," Kite said. "Our intent here is not to sell a bunch of bear-proof containers. Our intent is to mitigate a problem."	109,945
March 16, 2010 \| CUNY Lecture Series, John Jay College of Criminal Justice As chair of the Fund for Open Information and Accountability, Blanche Wiesen Cook helped draft the Presidential Records Act of 1978, which permitted public access to presidential records through the Freedom of Information Act, but also allowed Presidents to invoke restrictions. “When Ronald Reagan became President, he reclassified most of the controversial documents,” said Prof. Cook, a distinguished professor of history and women’s studies at John Jay College and the Graduate Center. “Some of that secret insanity remains today, a legacy of the George W. Bush era, under which no presidential papers will ever be released.” The author of the New York Times best-seller “Eleanor Roosevelt: A Biography,” and “The Declassified Eisenhower,” Prof. Cook spoke about the importance of transparency in government, as part of the “Justice and Injustice in 1950s America” lecture series at John Jay College. Listen Now >>	196,382
Understanding and Treating Schizophrenia Contemporary Research, Theory, and Practice Routledge – 2004 – 356 pages Get a fair and balanced perspective on schizophrenia! Understanding and Treating Schizophrenia: Contemporary Research, Theory, and Practice is a comprehensive overview of schizophrenia and its treatment from a variety of approaches. The book presents a balanced look at the most influential theoretical perspectives based on empirical research, clinical descriptions, and narrative histories. Dr. Glenn Shean, author of Schizophrenia: An Introduction to Research and Theory, examines neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental models of brain dysfunction, psychodynamic and family factors, up-to-date pharmacological advances, and successful community programs for discharged patients suffering from this debilitating disorder. Understanding and Treating Schizophrenia: Contemporary Research, Theory, and Practice presents a comprehensive review of evidence concerning the epidemiology and course and outcome of schizophrenia based on theoretical groupings and levels of analysis. The book examines the evolution of diagnostic criteria and guidelines, as well as stress-vulnerability and diathesis-stress models, providing critical reviews of biological, genetic, cognitive-behavioral, and phenomenological, approach to understanding and treating schizophrenia. Topics addressed in Understanding and Treating Schizophrenia: Contemporary Research, Theory, and Practice include:	27,632
April 1, 2015, Low Back Pain - Chronic News & Features Some gyms are now offering classes to help exercisers who overdo their usual routines. An advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration voted 8-6 to expand approved uses of Cymbalta. Regulators in Washington State are attempting to stem what some see as the excessive use of prescribed narcotics. Does glucosamine help to relieve lower-back pain? Sometimes a doctor must say, “There is nothing more I can do.” The sudden onset of back pain can be the start of a long and confusing medical journey for some people. The testing of an artificial spinal disk provides a stark example of conflicts of interest among clinical researchers. More often than not, chronic pain is untreated or undertreated, but it does not have to be this way. The toll of chronic pain is physical, emotional and, often, economic. Notable research studies now enrolling patients. MOST POPULAR - HEALTH - Well: Fish Oil Claims Not Supported by Research - Well: Nuts Are a Nutritional Powerhouse - Well: Endometriosis Is Often Ignored in Teenage Girls - The Doctor's World: Parsing Ronald Reagan’s Words for Early Signs of Alzheimer’s - The New Old Age: Learning to Say No to Dialysis - Well: An Upbeat Emotion That’s Surprisingly Good for You - Well: Profiling the Distracted Driver: Young, Female and Solo - Well: Teenagers Face Early Death, on Their Terms - Well: Stubborn Pay Gap Is Found in Nursing - Well: Ask Well: Does Kinesiology Tape Really Work?	126
A professor who left the University of Texas at Austin following a scandal over his failure to disclose his oil and gas industry connections is now heading up a nonprofit, taxpayer-supported water research institute in Louisiana -- and he is still being less than candid about his industry ties. Charles "Chip" Groat retired from his position as director of UT-Austin's Energy Institute last month in the wake of controversy over his role as principal investigator of a study released earlier this year that questionably claimed there was no link between fracking and water contamination. The controversy arose because Groat failed to disclose that he serves as a director of Plains Exploration and Production (PXP), a Houston-based oil and gas company heavily involved in fracking and offshore drilling. Groat, who continues to sit on PXP's board of directors, is now serving as the president and CEO of The Water Institute of the Gulf (TWIG), a new organization based in Baton Rouge, La. that will conduct scientific research into coastal systems. TWIG was formed through the leadership of Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal (R), the Louisiana Coastal and Restoration Authority, and U.S. Sen. Mary Landrieu (D), with seed funding from the state of Louisiana and the Baton Rouge Area Foundation. While Groat's biography at TWIG's website and a TWIG press release announcing his appointment note his past service with the U.S. Geological Survey, UT, Louisiana State University and the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, they do not mention his directorship at PXP, which is involved in operations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Haynesville shale gas play in Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas. Groat did not respond to Facing South's request for comment. But the director of the nonprofit watchdog group that exposed Groat's role with PXP said he finds Groat's ongoing lack of disclosure problematic. "Disclosure is important and he absolutely should disclose his position with PXP on the Water Institute's site," said Kevin Connor of the Public Accountability Initiative, which has also exposed problems with fracking research at the University at Buffalo in New York. "But beyond that, I'm not sure it's appropriate for him to be in that position given his track record and the review panel's findings." Bearing on credibility Back in February, UT-Austin's Energy Institute released a study titled "Fact-Based Regulation for Environmental Protection in Shale Gas Development," which it announced with a press release that claimed "New Study Shows No Evidence of Groundwater Contamination from Hydraulic Fracturing." Groat served as the study's principal investigator. Five months later, PAI released its investigation of the controversial UT study, finding that it relied on a "semantic sleight of hand" to reach its optimistic conclusions by focusing only on contamination caused by the actual fracturing of rock and ignoring documented incidents of pollution caused by the chemical-intensive fracking process and the impact of equipment failures, spills and wastewater disposal. In fact, fracking has been implicated in at least 36 U.S. cases of water contamination, and the U.S. Geological Survey -- which Groat directed from 1998 to 2005 -- has confirmed that fracking is definitively linked to groundwater contamination in at least two cases. PAI also noted that Groat had failed to disclose in his report bio or in his presentations on the report that he is a board member of PXP. Groat also apparently failed to disclose his position to his employer, as Ray Orbach, who directed UT's Energy Institute at the time, has said he was unaware of Groat's involvement with PXP until he got a phone call from a reporter. In 2011, Groat earned $413,900 for his service on PXP's board, more than double what he earned at UT, and he has amassed over $1.6 million in the company's stock during his tenure there, according to PAI. The uproar over PAI's findings led UT to appoint a panel to review the preparation and distribution of the Groat study. That panel released its report last week. Though it found no evidence of "intentional misrepresentation," the review concluded that that the design, management, review and release of the fracking study "fell short of contemporary standards for scientific work" and said the study should be withdrawn. The review panel singled out Groat for his lack of disclosure: Primary among the shortcomings was the failure of the Principal Investigator to disclose a conflict of interest that could have had a bearing on the credibility a reader wished to assign to the resulting work. The review said Groat demonstrated "very poor judgment." Standing by Groat UT said it accepts the findings of the panel, which also faulted the school for an inadequate and poorly enforced conflict of interest policy. Orbach resigned as head of UT's Energy Institute last month, though he will continue to serve as a tenured faculty member at the school. Groat submitted his official resignation letter to UT late last month, StateImpact Texas reported. He began his new job with TWIG in February, during a leave of absence from UT. Despite the criticism from the UT study review panel, Groat insists he did nothing wrong. He told StateImpact Texas via email, "I maintained my role [on the board of a drilling company] would not influence results and that I did not do so." Kevin Reilly Jr., chair of TWIG's board of directors and former president of billboard giant Lamar Advertising Co., said the board stands by Groat. TWIG's well-connected board also includes Charlotte Bollinger, executive vice president of Bollinger Shipyards of Louisiana; Thomas Sands, former director of the Lower Mississippi Valley Division of the Army Corps of Engineers; and Republican political strategist and pundit Mary Matalin. "We have complete confidence in Chip Groat as our president and CEO," Reilly said in an email to Facing South. With Groat at the helm, TWIG plans to undertake research on coastal land loss, with funding from both public and private sources. The coastal erosion crisis in Louisiana is the worst in the nation, with an area of wetlands equal to the size of a football field disappearing into Gulf every hour -- as much as 40 square miles each year. That land loss puts millions of people at greater risk from storms and flooding and threatens the very existence of coastal communities. There is considerable controversy over the role of oil and gas drilling companies in exacerbating land loss by activity such as cutting canals through coastal wetlands for pipelines and other infrastructure. Some scientists attribute as much as half of Louisiana's land loss to oil and gas industry activity.	60,279
John Anthony Foreman, born 1744; died October 17, 1817, TN. He was the son of 16. John Anthony Foreman. He married (1) 9. Susie Kahtahyah "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd 1775, TN. He married (2) Elizabeth Watee Gurydaygle 9. Susie Kah-tah-yah "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd, born 1755, TN; died 1830. She was the daughter of 18. Teetarskeeskee Rattling-Gourd. Notes for John Anthony Foreman: Ref; Emmet Starr, Foreman 1, A26 Toward the end of the American Revolution, a Scottish trader named Anthony Foreman met and married Susie Rattling-Gourd, a full blood Cherokee woman of the Paint Clan. Together, Anthony and Susie established a home in the small town of Ooyougilogi about 20 miles northeast of the present site of Rome, Georgia. Some researchers say that Anthony's wife Susie died sometime around 1800, at which time he married her maternal niece, Elizabeth "Watee" Gurdaygle. But information taken from church records show that Susie was still living in 1828. At that time she is shown by a missionary as an elderly full blooded Cherokee woman in his church and going by the name of Nancy Fields. (Taken from Candy Creek Mission Church) By then Anthony had been dead 10 years and had raised a second family by Elizabeth. Now it could have been a polygamous marriage, which was not uncommon in those days. But evidence concerning Anthony and his two wives suggests that he and Susie were divorced (his will mentions only Elizabeth as his wife). He probably married Elizabeth around 1799 or 1800, since his first child by her, Archibald, was born on January 1, 1801. The reason for the assumption of a divorce between Anthony and Susie is that there was a span of about 13 years between his two sets of children, which makes me think there was a period during that time when he did not have a wife. Nevertheless, Anthony Foreman was the father of 12 children, six by each wife. There were five daughters and seven sons, with the first child, John, being about 36 years older than the last one. They all grew to adulthood and all married. One of the children was Thomas, another was Stephen, the renown Presbyterian minister and missionary. Names of the other children were Catherine, Nannie, Sallie, Richard, Archibald, Elsie, Edward, Mary and Alexander. By profession, Anthony Foreman was a trader, and in spite of the large number of children, he provided well for his family. He was especially eager that his sons receive a full education and frequently impressed upon them the need to go to school. The girls were probably taught spinning and weaving. Census records of that day always stated the number of spinsters and weavers in each household, which shows that these trades were considered very important. Making clothing was a worthwhile task in colonial households. On small farms, the women planted and tended a patch of flax, harvested the crop, spun the yarn and wove it into linen. They wove Woolen cloth from yarn spun from the fleece of sheep. The linens and woolens were colored with dyes made from certain barks, berries and roots. In the Foreman home, both English and Cherokee were spoken. By custom the boys were taught to speak English like their father, while the girls spoke Cherokee like their mothers. As a general rule, early day Cherokees spoke better English and were better educated than the average settlers of the South and West. One reason for this was the early marriages of the Cherokee women to English, Scotch, Irish and French men who came from Europe in the 1700's. Most of these men were well educated and often came from aristocratic families. Their culture was passed down to their children and grandchildren. Anthony Foreman died on October 17, 1817, several years before members of his family and other Cherokee Indians would go on the "Trail of Tears". One of his sons, Archibald Foreman, would die on that trip. Anthony had made a written will a few days before his death in his 73rd year. By this time, the six older children were all married and had families of their own. The ages of the younger six were approximately 1 through 16, and it was to them and his widow Elizabeth that he bequeathed the farm in probably what is now McMinn Co, Tennessee. And to his son Archibald, he left his house and other real property. The family continued to reside there on the farm until sometime after the Treaty of 1819 when they removed to the Nation on the south side of Hiwassee, in the same area where the farm was located, McMinn Co, TN. Elizabeth Foreman died on January 8, 1845. Biography of JOHN STUART written by John L.Nichols states that: Nancy Foreman was the daughter of a Scottish trader and a Cherokee woman. John Anthony Foreman, son of Rev. Stephen Foreman, states on his Miller Application that his grandfather was from Scotland, said to be Scotch-Irish. I have not been able to locate birth information in Pennsylvania. The British Colonial Papers include a letter, dated October 1779, by Robert Due to Alexander Cameron (Royal agent to the Cherokees). Due (probably the grandfather of Tiana Rogers, Cherokee wife of Sam Houston) mentions Anthony Foreman, whose illness prevented his delivery of the letter to Cameron. The letter concerns a number of white men, residing among the Chickamaugas, who are about to join war parties attacking the American frontier. Ref; Emmet Starr, Foreman 1, A26 Notes for Susie Kahtahyah "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd: Full Blood Cherokee Clan: Paint Clan Ref; Emmet Starr, E Starr, 363, 558, 566. On page 566 Starr lists Susie as being in the Savannah Clan All records passed down to the Foreman family has always stated that Susie was a member of the Paint Clan as does Rev. Holland's notes (see Catherine Foreman). One application of Guion Miller (roll number to be placed here) states that Susie Gourd, 1st wife of Anthony Foreman, was a daughter of a Cherokee named "Teetarskeeskee". Children of John Foreman and Susie Rattling-Gourd are: i. Richard Bark Oo-ya-lu-gi "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1779 in , TN; married (1) Elizabeth Karr/Kerr 1799; married (2) Julia Talley 1815; born 1800; married (3) Rachel Seabolt March 29, 1821 in McMinn Co, TN; born 1803 in, McMinn Co, TN; died March 1879 in Cherokee Nation, Barren Fork, Goingsnake District, IT. Notes for Richard Bark Oo-ya-lu-gi "Cherokee" Foreman: Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Paint Clan (Susie Gourd) Cherokee Name: Uhyluke or Oo-ya-lu-gi . 1817 Reservation Roll: Signed for 640 acre Reservation. The Treaties of 1817 and 1819 provided for a certain number of Cherokee to remain in the East on individual reservations. Richard Bark Foreman is listed on the July 1817 Treaty. 1835 Census, Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi, Tennessee, Candy's Creek, McMinn Co., TN. Listed as One halfblood and six quarterbloods. One white intermarriage. One farm and one farmer. One reads Cherokee. One weaver and three spinners. The Church at Candy's Creek by William Holland, Missionary ...... "Bark Foreman, brother of T. Foreman, 30 years old with four children. He has a speech impediment due a hare-lip". 1851 Drennen Roll: #633 Flint District Baptism (LDS): June 17, 1995, PORTL Endowment (LDS): September 07, 1995, PORTL Sealed to parents (LDS): June 08, 1996, PORTL ii. John Anthony "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1780 in, TN; killed 1807 in, TN; married (1) Nanque-se Nannie The-Pain "Cherokee" Drumgoole born 1775; died July 23, 1850 in, IT, OK; married (2) Jennie Doublehead "Cherokee" Foster; born 1777 in Cherokee Nation East; died 1812; married (3) Ruth "Cherokee" Drumgoole Springston; born 1786. Notes for John Anthony "Cherokee" Foreman: Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Clan: Paint Clan (Susie Gourd) Emmet Starr, Foreman 1-1 Starr lists two wives for John Foreman; Nannie Drumgoole nee Doublehead and Ruth Drumgoole nee Springston. John's children are listed by Starr as five sets of half-siblings. A statement of James Madison Bell indicates that Elizabeth's (one of the two Elizabeth's in the family) mother was Jennie Foster. Marriage #1: Female Richard's Mother Marriage #2: Female John's Mother Marriage #3: Nannie Drumgoole Marriage #4: Jennie Doublehead Foster Marriage #5: Ruth Drumgoole Nannie Drumgoole and Ruth Drumgoole are sisters. In Emmet Starr "Old Cherokee Families" it lists Richard Foreman as his first born. Starr then puts a dash between children, meaning they have a different mother. I am not sure who Richard and his brother John mothers are as only two spouses were listed by Starr. I have found no documentation as to who their mothers might be. The next half siblings are James and Elizabeth Foreman, then another half-sister named Elisabeth. Page 363. In Cherokee families, the children are raised by their mother and their mothers brothers and/or family. Because of this custom, I do not believe that Richard and John's mother was Nannie Drumgoole. Her children are listed as Bird Doublehead, James Foreman and Anderson, Isaac and Edley Springston. Because of their involvement together in various conflicts among the factions in the Cherokee Nation it would lead you to believe that they were all raised together. Baptism (LDS): June 17, 1995, PORTL Endowment (LDS): August 22, 1995, PORTL Sealed to parents (LDS): June 08, 1996, PORTL 4 iii. Thomas Tasgalodigisgi "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1782 in , TN; died 1868 in Tahlequah, OK; married (1) Elizabeth "Cherokee" Chicken; married (2) Susannah Su-sa-ni "Cherokee" Fields 1800. iv. Sarah Bathia "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1784 in, TN; died September 01, 1839 in Fairfield, Cherokee Nation, IT, OK; married Chief William Abraham "Cherokee" Hicks 1804 in , , TN; born 1769 in, GA; died Bef. November 1837. Notes for Sarah Bathia "Cherokee" Foreman: Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Clan: Paint (Susie Gourd) Emmet Starr, Foreman 1-5 Detachment: 1836, 37-A Pree 1837; claim for disburement of $2647.51 as Sarah Hicks, widow, B191. Baptism (LDS): June 17, 1995, PORTL Endowment (LDS): February 15, 1996, PORTL Sealed to parents (LDS): June 08, 1996, PORTL Notes for Chief William Abraham "Cherokee" Hicks: Clan: Wolf Clan 1827 - 1828, Principal Chief of Cherokee 1833 Cenusus roll: Oothcaloga GA, Wm Hicks Sr. Age +50 (b Bef 1783), Wm Hicks Jr. age -25 (b c1808) 1835 Census roll: Oothcaloga, GA Emmet Starr, E Starr, 363 List of students UBM at Spring Place, 1804-1834. Table 5, p407-418, The Brainerd Journal lists three students that entered the mission on 12/07/1818, Edward, Jesse and a Polly Hicks. (who is Polly Hicks?) Notes of Starr, Letter bks A-F, v, p119 note C641. William and his wife are shown as parents or guardians of George Hicks (nephew). v. Catherine "Cherokee" Foreman, born April 17, 1785 in TN; died November 23, 1842 in Stillwell, Ok, Burial: Hungry Mountain, Oklahoma; married James "Cherokee" Bigby 1800 in Amohee Dist, TN; born September 06, 1778 in, TN.; died November 16, 1855 in Flint District, Cherokee Nation, IT. Notes for Catherine "Cherokee" Foreman: Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Clan: Paint (Susie Gourd) 1851 Drennan roll: Flint, #611 Emmet Starr, Foreman 1-2 Notes for James "Cherokee" Bigby: Blood; 1/4 Cherokee Emmet Starr, E Starr, 363, 566 1835 Census roll: Candy's Creek, McMinn Co, TN, 0m18-, 2m18+, 1f16-, 3f16+ Detachment : October 27, 1838, 38-08 Chuwaluka/Wafford/Clark, as Interpreter. 1851 Drennan roll: Flint, #611 The Cherokee James Bigby was born in 1779 in that portion of the Cherokee Nation that was fighting, with British support, against the American rebels in the Carolinas, Virginia , & Georgia. Thus, it is likely that the white father of James Bigby was a Tory, residing with the Chickamauga band of Cherokees. The diaries kept by Moravian missionaries at Spring Place, GA in the early 1800's suggest that a white man named Samuel Bigby was very likely the father of James Bigby (whose cousin Peggy Scott was the principal wife of Chief James Vann, the patron of the Spring Place school). According to Rev. Jeremiah Horn, 1794-1867: He lived in Amohee District, Tennessee. James was interested in education . He and his brother-in-law, Thomas Foreman and Hair Conrad petitioned for a school to be established by the American Board of Commissioners for foreign missions. The school was established in 1824 called Candy's Creek Mission. After the Cherokee removal one of the eighteen schools in the Cherokee Nation in 1845 was at their home. April 8, 1813, James Bigby wrote Return J. Meigs for a permit to run a ferry on the Tennessee River near mouth of Baker's Creek and to build a road from it to meet road opened by Rogers. He had already gotten permission from Major Delso, proprietor of the other side of the river. vi. Nancy Nannie "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1786 in , Tennessee; died December 31, 1868 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma Indian Territory; married (1) Joseph Dinsmore; born 1780; married (2) Oonodutu Bushyhead "Cherokee" 1803 in, Bradley Co, Tennessee; born 1767 in Tennessee); died 1816. Notes for Nancy Nannie "Cherokee" Foreman: Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Clan: Paint Clan (Susie Gourd) 1835 Census roll: Candy's Creek, McMinn Co, TN as Nancy Bushyhead 1839 removed to the West with a contingent of Cherokee led by her son Jesse Bushyhead. 1851 Drennan roll Tahlequah, Family # 132 as Nancy Bushyhead w/gd Sarah Lyons RG75, Entry 545: 18 April 1858, 21908 Widow of Bushyhead Service 1813-1814 Richard Fields, born 1732 in England. He married 11. Susannah "Cherokee" Emory. 11. Susannah "Cherokee" Emory, born 1749. She was the daughter of 22. William Emory and 23. Mary "Cherokee" Grant. Children of Richard Fields and Susannah Emory are: i. Chief Richard Kalu-Gas "Cherokee" Fields, born 1762 in, TN; died May 08, 1827 in Nacogdoches, TX; married (1) Jennie Buffington 1795; born 1780; married (2) Nancy Brown 1799; born 1782; married (3) Elizabeth "Cherokee" Hicks 1803; born 1771 in Cherokee Nation-IT; married (4) F. N. Grapp 1810; born 1780. Notes for Chief Richard Kalu-Gas "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant) Chief Texas Cherokee Captain in Creek War of 1814. Richard died in Texas after crossing the Sabine River. He was executed on order of Duwa'li to appease the Mexican Government. ii. John "Cherokee" Fields, born 1764 in, TN; married Elizabeth "Cherokee" Wickett; born 1775 in, TN. More About John "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long-Hair Clan (Mary Grant) More About Elizabeth "Cherokee" Wickett: Clan: Wolf Clan (Quatsy) iii. Thomas "Cherokee" Fields, born 1766 in, TN; married Nannie Downing 1796; born 1775. More About Thomas "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long-Hair Clan (Mary Grant) iv. Captain George "Cherokee" Fields, born 1769 in, TN; died April 14, 1849 in Delaware Dist. IT; married (1) Nannie Brown; married (2) Sarah Coody; born 1780. Notes for Captain George "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant). Captain of Cherokee auxillaries to Gen Andrew Jackson's army 1814. 1818 Nov 14, Reservation #149 South side of Thompson's creek, 8 in fam. v. Lucy "Cherokee" Fields, born 1770; married (1) Daniel McCoy 1790; born 1763 in, TN; married (2) James Harris 1805; born 1770. More About Lucy "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long-Hair Clan (Mary Grant) Baptism (LDS): March 15, 2001, OKLAH vi. Rev. Turtle "Cherokee" Fields, born 1776; married (1) Sarah Timberlake; married (2) Ollie Timberlake. More About Rev. Turtle "Cherokee" Fields: Blood: 1/4 Cherokee Clan: Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant) Creek War of 1814 - Cherokee Allies, later Methodist Minister, 1822 lived Wills Town, AL, 1835 Census: Wills Valley, AL Baptism (LDS): March 15, 2001, OKLAH. 5 vii. Susannah Su-sa-ni "Cherokee" Fields, born 1766 in, TN; married (1) Chief John "Cherokee" Walker; married (2) George Brewer 1797; married (3) Thomas Tasgalodigisgi "Cherokee" Foreman 1800. Generation No. 5 16. John Anthony Foreman, born 1710. He married 17. Kantayah "Cherokee" 1743. 17. Kantayah "Cherokee", born 1712. She was the daughter of 34. Caulanna Raven of Chota - Sour Hominy "Cherokee" and 35. Nancy "Cherokee". Children of John Foreman and Kantayah "Cherokee" are: 8 i. John Anthony "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1744 in, , PA; died October 17, 1817 in, TN; married (1) Susie Kahtahyah "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd 1775, TN; married (2) Elizabeth Watee "Cherokee" Gurdaygle 1799. ii. Mary "Cherokee" Foreman, born 1745. 18. Teetarskeeskee Rattling-Gourd, born 1720. Children of Teetarskeeskee Rattling-Gourd are: i. ?? "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd, Blood: Fullblood Cherokee Clan: Paint Clan; born 1750; married ?? Gurdaygle; born 1750. 9 ii. Susie Kahtahyah "Cherokee" Rattling-Gourd, Blood: Fullblood Cherokee Clan: Paint Clan; born 1755 in, TN; died 1830; married John Anthony "Cherokee" Foreman 1775 in, TN. 22. William Emory, born 1720 in England; died in, TN. He married 23. Mary "Cherokee" Grant 1746. 23. Mary "Cherokee" Grant, Blood: 1/2 Cherokee Clan: Long Hair Clan (Euguioote); born 1727 in, TN; died 1765 in, TN. She was the daughter of 46. Ludovic Grant and 47. Euguioote "Cherokee". Children of William Emory and Mary Grant are: i. Mary "Cherokee" Emory, 1/4 Cherokee of the Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant); born 1747 in, TN; married (1) Rim Fawling; married (2) Ezekial Buffington; born 1745; married (3) Richard "Cherokee" Fawling. ii. Elizabeth "Cherokee" Emory, 1/4 Cherokee of the Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant); born 1748 in, TN; married (1) John Rogers; born 1745; married (2) Robert Due. 11 iii. Susannah "Cherokee" Emory, 1/4 Cherokee of the Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant); born 1749; married (1) Capt. John Stuart 1766; married (2) Richard Fields; married (3) Brig. Gen. Joseph Martin, Jr. 1780. iv. William "Cherokee" Emory, Jr., 1/4 Cherokee of the Long Hair Clan (Mary Grant); born 1750; died in Will's Knob, Pennsyvania. Will Emory, the renegade Cherokee who ran with the Sahwnees and became known as Captain Will. The name is somewhat famous in frontier Kentucky annuals on Boonesboro. Captain Will doubtlessly has many mixed-blood descendants around today. Will Emory's original village was called Will's Town, and it was located on Will's Creek in what is now Maryland. As the settlements of whites crept westward, Capt. Will was forced to utilize the Kentucky lands as hunting grounds. He and his Shawnee/Cherokee hunting party surprised and captured Daniel Boone on his first trip to Kentucky, Capt. Will released them with a warning never to return. In 1774, when Logan's band of Mingoes were raiding the white settlements on the Virginia frontier, "a large man much whiter than the rest" who "talked good English" was reportedly in the war party . "Some think Capt. John Logan is about yet--others that it is Wll Emery, a half-breed Cherokee..he is known to be in the Shawneese interest..he was the interpreter when Col. Donelson run the line, and it was he who robbed Knox and Skaggs..." (Draper MS 3QQ117) Capt. Will spoke excellent English, and seems to have a hearty sense of humor. He was on good terms with Daniel Boone during Boone's second captivity and discussed the prospects of taking Boonesboro with him. Capt. Will and Blackfish led the indians during the seige. (See Faragher, pp 80-82, 156-157, 164, 179.) According to a history of Bedford County, PA (Bedford: The Kernal of Greatness, p.17), some of the women of the county were captured by Shawnees and Capt. Will was believed to have been the leader of the war party. These warriors and their captives were tracked by a company of their relatives. The main party was not overtaken, but one of the pursuers, George Powell, later waylaid Capt. Will at his campsite on Will's Knob, took his scalp, and buried the body there. Some of Capt. Will's "immediate descendants intermarried with white people...early in the past century they were living in Pennsylvania, near the Allegeny County line." (pp 162-164). Generation No. 6 34. Caulanna Raven of Chota - Sour Hominy "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy) born 1685; Killed in battle 1741. He was the son of 68. Chief Amatoya Moytoy "Cherokee" and 69. Quatsy "Cherokee". He married 35. Nancy "Cherokee". 35. Nancy "Cherokee" Children of Caulanna "Cherokee" and Nancy "Cherokee" are: i. Savanooka Sour Hominy "Cherokee", born 1706; married Ahneewakee Ailsey "Cherokee" 1725, Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy); born 1706. Savanooka Sour Hominy "Cherokee" aka Kalanah Raven of Chota, Sawanugi. ii. Chicsatihi Oonantada "Cherokee", born 1708, aka Chicsatere, Donodutu Bushyhead. iii. ?? "Cherokee", born 1710. 17 iv. Kantayah "Cherokee", born 1712; married (1) Alexander Drumgoole; married (2) John Anthony Foreman 1743. 46. Ludovic Grant, born 1698 in Scotland; died 1756 in Charleston, SC. He married 47. Euguioote "Cherokee" 1726 in, TN. 47. Euguioote "Cherokee", a Fullblood Cherokee of the Long Hair Clan, born 1706 in, TN. Ludovic the clan chief of the Grant holdings in Scotland was part of the Jacobite Rebellion. They were captured by the British at Preston and banished to the New World. Ludovic arrived on the Susannah and moved in with the Cherokee, his cousins all went to Boston and the Caribian area. In a statement recorded on page 301 of the Charlestown, SC probate court in the book of "1754-1758" in a sworn statement of January 12, 1756 says, "It is about thirty years since I went in to the Cherokee Country where I have resided ever since", "I speak their language". Sir Alexander Cuming, in his brief Journal which appeared in the Historical Register of London for 1731, described his adventures in the Cherokee Nation in 1730 when, with the aid of Ludovic Grant, he convinced seven young Cherokees (including future chief Attakullakulla, the "Little Carpenter") to visit England and King George. Child of Ludovic Grant and Euguioote "Cherokee" is: 23 i. Mary "Cherokee" Grant, born 1727 in, TN; died 1765 in,TN; married William Emory 1746. Generation No. 7 68. Chief Amatoya Moytoy "Cherokee", born 1640 in Chota. He married 69. Quatsy "Cherokee". 69. Quatsy "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan, born 1650 in Tellico. Notes for Chief Amatoya Moytoy "Cherokee": Cherokee Chief in old Chota 1675. There has been a lot of confusion about the descendants of Moytoy, because some people are not aware that there were two Chief Moytoys. The first was Chief Amatoya Moytoy of Chota, b abt 1640, who married Quatsy of Tellico (of the Wolf Clan). The second is Chief Moytoy, the Pigeon of Tellico, b abt 1687. The second Moytoy is believed to be the son of Amatoya Moytoy. It is believed that Amatoya Moytoy had 3 sons and 8 daughters. These include Chief Kanagatoga "Old Hop", Nancy Moytoy, and two daughters with unknown names. Nancy Moytoy is believed to have been the mother of Chief Attakullakulla "Little Carpenter", Killaneca the Buck, Betsy and Tame Doe. Tame Doe was the mother of Tsistuna-Gis-Ke (Nancy Ward), and Longfellow of Chistatoa. Children of Amatoya "Cherokee" and Quatsy "Cherokee" are: i. Ailsey "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1672; married Cornelius Dougherty, an early trader in the Cherokee Nation; born 1660. ii. ?? "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1675. iii. Tistoe "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1678 in Tellico. iv. Aganusitsi Quatie "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1680; married (1) John Beamer; born 1676; married (2) Tsula Fox Smallpox Conjuror "Cherokee" 1699; born 1670 in Settico. Tsula Fox aka Smallpox Conjuror of Settico, Cheular, Cheulah. v. Oukah Ulah "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1681 in Tellico; died 1755. Attended: 1730, Delegation to King George II. vi. Nanye'hi Nancy "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1683 in Tellico; died 1741; married White Owl Raven "Algonquin"; born 1680, he was alledged to be an Algonquin captive adopted by the Cherokee. 34 vii. Caulanna Raven of Chota - Sour Hominy "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1685; died 1741; married Nancy "Cherokee". viii. Chief Amahetai Moytoy Pigeon of Tellico "Cherokee" Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1687 in Tellico; died 1771; married ?? "Cherokee" 1704, a Full Blood Cherokee of the Deer Clan; born 1690. Chief Amahetai Moytoy Pigeon of Tellico "Cherokee" aka Rain or Water Conjuror - Amoadawehi, Moytoy Pigeon, of Tellico. He was Principal Chief of the Cherokee 1730-1760. The Eastern Band of Cherokee, by John R. Finger, Univ of TN Press, Knoxville: [Early Cherokee society was atomized into clans with individual chiefs]... Sir Alexander Cuming boldly addressed this problem in 1730 by traveling to Cherokee country and proclaiming a single chief, Moytoy, as the first chief and King of his people. Don Chesnut's web page; www.users.mis.net/~chesnut/pages/cherokee.htm Moytoy: a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as "emperor" in 1730. ix. Fullblood Cherokee of the Wolf Clan (Quatsy), born 1690 in Chota; died August 1761 in Chota; married Su-Gi "Cherokee" a Full Blood Cherokee; born 1700. Chief Kana-gatoga Old Hop Standing Turkey "Cherokee" aka Kana-gatoga "Standing Turkey" Caneecatee "Old Hop" the Fire King of Chota, Canorcorturer. Old Frontiers, pg. 46; "old Hop had a nephew, also named Standing Turkey, an active warrier who at his uncle's death served a short time as his successor. It was the younger Standing Turkey who conducted a four day assault upon Fort Loudon in 1760, and who signed the articles of capitulation of the stronghold.	195,716
According to the following articles written by Dr. Chan, we can describe high level entity relationship. (see page-10,11 of doc-A and page9 of doc-B) •doc-A) English Sentence Structure and Entity-Relationship Diagram. •doc-B) English, Chinese and ER diagrams. These articles said ERD is translated from English sentence like below. -- The product is shipped to the customer. -- This action “Shipping” is performed by the clerk. Then think about another example. -- The customer is identified their bank card. -- This action “identifying” is Authenticated by the bank. -- The bank issues the "bank card" to their "customer" with similar interpretation. Now my questions are: How can I express this situation with an ERD? Relationship “issue” has possibility to connect with two entities "Bank card" or But I don't want to use ternary relationship as a restriction. How can I translate those entities mixed with different dimensions to a database schema? Basically, is it possible to connect to the entity at another level ? Are there any good tools for describing high level entity relationship and generating DDL?	211,951
North America Imprints About 45,000 titles were printed in North America (exclusive of Mexico) before 1801. Of these about 40,000 are extant. The JCB has over 11,000 titles; when combined with the 1800 works in the John Hay Library of Brown University, those 13,000 books constitute one of the four largest collections of early American imprints. Especially notable holdings include the Bay Psalm Book (1640), the Eliot Indian Bibles (1661-1663), and the early Saur Bibles of Germantown, Pennsylvania (from 1743).	299,363
The Huntington Library has a splendid exhibit on “Junipero Serra and the Legacies of the California Missions.” It covers his life and work from his birth 300 years ago on the island of Mallorca in the Mediterranean, to his education, his missionary work in Mexico and his founding of the California missions. We are in the San Gabriel Valley because of the San Gabriel Mission. It is a balanced exhibit that tells of the culture of the Native Americans and how it was affected by the missions. We have a copy of a translated 1787 edition of “Francisco’s Palou’s Life and Apostolic Labors of the Venerable Father Junipero Serra”, published by Pasadena writer and lecturer, George Wharton James, in 1913. The illustration is from the book. Not everything went smoothly in founding the San Gabriel Mission. When the missionaries were looking for a site, “A great multitude of gentiles came up, all armed and under the direction of two captains who, with blood-curdling yells, tried to hinder the proceedings. As the Fathers feared that a battle was imminent, one of them produced a canvas on which was painted the image of Our Lady of Sorrows and held it up in view of the barbarians. He had scarcely done this when they all, subdued by the vision of this beautiful image, threw down their bows and arrows and came running hastily forward.” Natives cut wood for a building and “there was no opposition to the gentle yoke of our Evangelical Law.” The Fathers felt they had too few soldiers as guards and asked for more from San Diego. A bad incident happened when a soldier in some way greatly offended a chief and his wife. The chief brought reinforcements in from nearby villages, carrying bows and arrows to attack the soldiers. The soldiers put on leather jackets for protection. The offending soldier shot his musket at the Indian captain and killed him on the spot. The Indians left. James seems to have censored the original document at this point for a later history says that a corporal showed up, and not knowing of the provocation, had the head of the dead Indian cut off and attached to a pole to deter attackers. Sid Gally is a Pasadena Museum of History volunteer.	170,987

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