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What happens during a spinal tap?
To start, you'll lie on your side with your knees drawn as close to your chest as possible. Or you'll sit with your arms and head resting on a table. After the skin around your lower back is cleansed and covered, you'll get medicine to numb that part of your body. Your doctor will put a long, thin hollow needle in your...
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How does someone prepare for a spinal tap?
You don't have to do anything to get ready, unless your doctor gives you special instructions. In most cases, you'll need to stop taking any blood thinner medicines, including aspirin, for a few days beforehand. And if you're allergic to latex or any medications, tell your doctor.
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How do I prepare for a spinal tap?
And if you're allergic to latex or any medications, tell your doctor. You'll need to lie on your back or stomach for a few hours.
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What is a spinal tap and how is it related to multiple sclerosis?
Your brain and spinal cord are bathed in fluid. It helps them diagnose disorders of the brain and spinal cord, including multiple sclerosis. He'll take 1-2 tablespoons of fluid and remove the needle.
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How is leukemia diagnosed?
Because many types of leukemia show no obvious symptoms early in the disease, leukemia may be diagnosed incidentally during a physical exam or as a result of routine blood testing. To confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific type of leukemia, a needle biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow from a pelvic bone will ...
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What does it mean if my nails are yellow?
Nails that are thick, slow-growing, and yellow often point to lung diseases like emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Fluid in your lungs and hands also can lead to yellow nail syndrome. So can Raynaud's phenomenon, which is caused by poor circulation to the fingers, toes, and nose. Yellow nails can even be a symptom of si...
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What causes my nails to pit or split?
Psoriasis often starts in your nails. It can make them split and cause pits on the surface. Other causes include inflammatory arthritis or thyroid disease.
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What should I do if I have symptoms of nail problems?
They're packed with details about your health. They can show if you have an infection, a serious disease, or even how well you're eating. Lots of things can cause your nails to separate from the nail bed: Long fingernails (the most common cause) Injury or infection Reactions to nail hardeners or adhesives Chemical over...
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What are combination medications for high blood pressure?
Bisoprolol + hydrocholorthiazide ( Ziac), beta-blocker and diuretic Carvedilol ( Coreg), alpha-blocker and beta-blocker Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate), alpha-blocker and beta-blocker Olmesartan + hydrocholorthiazide ( Benicar), ARB and diuretic
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How do vasodilators work to treat high blood pressure?
Guanadrel ( Hylorel) Guanethidine ( Ismelin) Reserpine ( Serpasil) These relax the muscles in your blood vessel walls. The vessels widen, and blood can flow through more easily. Hydralazine ( Apresoline) Minoxidil ( Loniten) Some medicines combine different kinds of drugs.
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How do alpha-blockers work for high blood pressure?
Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Betaxolol ( Kerlone) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carteolol ( Cartrol) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol XL) Nadolol ( Corgard) Nebivolol ( Bystolic) Penbutolol ( Levatol) Pindolol ( Visken) Propranolol ( Inderal) Sotalol ( Betapace) Timolol ( Blocadren) These stop nerve signals before t...
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How do direct renin inhibitors work for high blood pressure?
Candesartan ( Atacand) Eprosartan ( Teveten) Irbesartan ( Avapro) Losartan ( Cozaar) Telmisartan ( Micardis) Valsartan ( Diovan) These target the same process that ACE inhibitors and ARBs do, so your blood vessels don't tighten up. But they work on the enzyme renin instead. They stop it from triggering reactions before...
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How do beta-blockers work for high blood pressure?
Amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( Moduretic) Spironolactone + hydrochlorothiazide ( Aldactazide) Triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide ( Dyazide, Maxzide) They'll slow down your heartbeat and keep your heart from squeezing hard. This makes blood go through your vessels with less force. Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Teno...
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How do ACE inhibitors work for high blood pressure?
Doxazosin ( Cardura) Prazosin ( Minipress) Terazosin ( Hytrin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent your body from making a hormone that tells blood vessels to tighten. With less of this hormone in your body, your blood vessels stay more open. Benazepril ( Lotensin) Captopril ( Capoten) Enalapril ( Vasotec)...
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How do central agonists work to treat high blood pressure?
Amlodipine ( Norvasc) Bepridil ( Vasocor) Diltiazem ( Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac) Felodipine ( Plendil) Isradipine ( Dyna Circ) Nicardipine ( Cardene) Nifedipine ( Adalat, Procardia) Nisoldipine ( Sular) Verapamil ( Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) They stop your brain from sending signals that speed up your heart rate ...
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How do calcium channel blockers work for high blood pressure?
They don't let calcium into certain muscle cells in your heart and blood vessels, so it's harder for electrical signals to pass. Some CCBs keep blood vessels from tightening. Others slow your heart rate or make your heart ease up on how hard it squeezes to push blood. Amlodipine ( Norvasc) Bepridil ( Vasocor) Diltiazem...
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How do ARBs work for high blood pressure?
Doxazosin ( Cardura) Prazosin ( Minipress) Terazosin ( Hytrin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent your body from making a hormone that tells blood vessels to tighten. With less of this hormone in your body, your blood vessels stay more open. Candesartan ( Atacand) Eprosartan ( Teveten) Irbesartan ( Avapro...
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How common is hyperparathyroidism?
About 100,000 people in the U. S. develop this condition each year. People between the ages of 50 and 60, and women, are the most likely to have hyperparathyroidism.
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How does parathyroid hormone raise calcium levels?
The hormone, called parathyroid hormone, has three ways it can raise your calcium level: It can tell your bones to release some calcium, tell your small intestine to absorb more calcium into your bloodstream, or tell your kidneys to hang on to more calcium instead of sending it out of your body in your pee.
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What's the treatment for hyperparathyroidism?
If you have secondary hyperparathyroidism, your doctor may recommend supplements of vitamin D and calcium. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome symptoms, you'll need surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands. For example, if you have extremely high blood calcium levels, hav...
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What causes primary hyperparathyroidism?
A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. This means that your condition is caused by, or starts in, at least one of the parathyroid glands naturally making too much of the hormone that keeps your calcium levels in b...
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What are benefits of surgery for hyperparathyroidism?
A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome symptoms, you'll need surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands. Even if you don't have sym...
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What is hyperparathyroidism?
But there are times when your body can have so much calcium that it's not good for you. A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. They make a hormone that helps keep your amount of calcium at just the right level. Bu...
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How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?
A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. And it has nothing to do with how much milk you drink. If the results show that you have high levels of parathyroid hormone and of calcium, then you have primary hyperparathy...
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How is hyperparathyroidism treated?
A condition called hyperparathyroidism can cause such a situation to happen, where your levels of calcium in your blood and tissues are too high. If you have secondary hyperparathyroidism, your doctor may recommend supplements of vitamin D and calcium. If you have primary hyperparathyroidism and you have bothersome sym...
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What are symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism?
But if you do have symptoms, they are likely not severe. They include: Muscles that feel weaker than usual Fatigue and wanting to sleep more Pain in your joints and bones Depression But if you have a more severe form of primary hyperparathyroidism and your calcium levels rise, your symptoms also could include: Being co...
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How can bacterial vaginosis (BV) affect pregnancy?
When you're going through fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization ( IVF), you may have less success if you have BV. Pregnant women with BV have had babies who were born premature (before the 37th week) or with a low birth weight (less than 5.5 pounds). Since there's a chance BV could be the cause, you should g...
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What causes bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Both "good" and "bad" bacteria live in your vagina.
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What can raise my odds of getting bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Any woman can get BV, but some things raise your odds, including: Smoking Sexual activity Douching Douching upsets the natural balance of bacteria. Scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal deodorants have a similar effect. A new sex partner, or having more than one, makes it more likely that you'll get BV. The reason w...
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What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Around half of all women with BV show no symptoms. But if you do, you could notice a: Thin white, gray, or green discharge Burning feeling when you pee Fishy smell that gets stronger after sex It's not the same as a yeast infection. Those often itch, have a thick, white discharge, and don't smell.
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What other infections are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
Having BV makes it easier for you to get an STI like herpes, chlamydia, or gonorrhea. If you already have HIV, BV raises your chances of passing it on to your partner. If you have BV when you get a hysterectomy or other surgery on your female organs, you're more likely to come down with a bacterial infection afterward....
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How can I prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
To lower your chances of getting BV, use only water – not even soap -- when you wash your genital area. Don't douche. When you go to the bathroom, wipe from front to back, from your vagina toward your anus. Put a condom on before his penis touches your vagina, mouth, or anus. Clean sex toys after every use. Limit the...
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What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
You may not have symptoms, and you may not need treatment. Most of the time, BV doesn't cause any other health problems. If your lactobacillus levels drop, more bad bacteria move in, and you get BV. If you have BV when you get a hysterectomy or other surgery on your female organs, you're more likely to come down with a...
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How is bacterial vaginosis (BV) treated?
You may not have symptoms, and you may not need treatment. Your BV may go away on its own. When you do have symptoms, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics to get rid of your infection. This could be a tablet you take by mouth or a cream or gel you apply to your vagina. You'll need to take most treatments for 5 to 7 da...
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How does moving around help comfort a crying baby?
Has your baby ever stopped crying after you picked her up and walked around? If so, you know that motion can be a fuss-buster. Many crying babies find comfort in smooth, rhythmic movements, like being rocked in a rocking chair, hammock, or infant swing. Take yours for a walk in a stroller or for a car ride -- just be s...
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What are some ways to comfort a crying baby?
Try out different background sounds, like a white noise machine, a recorded heartbeat, the shower, or household appliances like dishwashers or washing machines.
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How can contact that comforts help your crying baby?
Your baby may relax when she feels like she did in the womb. Swaddle her in a blanket, or gently pat her on the back in a pattern like a heartbeat. Lie down with her against your side, or keep her close to your body in an infant sling as you walk around. A warm bath may also help.
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How can sounds that soothes help comfort your crying baby?
In the womb, she got used to hearing a heartbeat. Try out different background sounds, like a white noise machine, a recorded heartbeat, the shower, or household appliances like dishwashers or washing machines. If the sound really seems to work, record it so you can play it when your baby is upset. Babies also respond ...
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How can clothing help with diabetes-related skin problems?
This simple first line of defense can help you avoid the cuts and scratches that can lead to infection. Whether you're gardening or walking the dog, cover your legs with long pants and your feet with flat, well-fitting shoes.
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Does controlling diabetes help skin problems?
Get -- and keep -- your blood sugar within a normal range. If you already have skin problems, you can stop them from getting worse. Strive for a healthy weight, eat right, cut back on salt, maintain a healthy blood pressure, and exercise.
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Does diabetes cause skin problems?
Diabetes makes you more likely to get a wide range of skin problems.
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How can you get educated about diabetes-related skin problems?
One key to preventing problems is to understand what causes them. Talk to your doctor. Learn about the complications, what your particular risks are, and how you can lower them.
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How does self-awareness help with diabetes?
Be aware. If you have diabetic nerve damage, which is called neuropathy, you could have an infected cut, scratch, or skin puncture and not know it. Don't let a small problem turn into a big one. Be aware of your body. Check your legs, ankles, feet, and in between your toes every day for new wounds or old ones that neve...
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How does treating wounds and sores help with diabetes?
Treat wounds and sores. Don't neglect them. If you find a nick, a scratch, a small cut, or anything that isn't healing or that worries you, talk to your doctor right away.
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Can checking for scabs and cuts help skin problems associated with diabetes?
Don't let a small problem turn into a big one. Be aware of your body. Check your legs, ankles, feet, and in between your toes every day for new wounds or old ones that never seem to heal. Treat wounds and sores. Don't neglect them. If you find a nick, a scratch, a small cut, or anything that isn't healing or that worri...
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How does being educated about diabetes help with the disease?
One key to preventing problems is to understand what causes them. Talk to your doctor. Learn about the complications, what your particular risks are, and how you can lower them.
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How can you prevent dry skin if you have diabetes?
Keep your skin -- especially at armpits, toes, and groin -- clean and dry, but not too dry. Take short, lukewarm showers or baths and use mild soaps and shampoos when you wash. The best time is right after a shower or bath, when it's still moist. Dry well by patting gently. Don't rub. Focus on underarms, between legs, ...
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How does controlling your diabetes help with the disease?
Diabetes makes you more likely to get a wide range of skin problems. Strive for a healthy weight, eat right, cut back on salt, maintain a healthy blood pressure, and exercise. That's a tall order, but talk to your health care team for support. If you have diabetic nerve damage, which is called neuropathy, you could hav...
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What eye problems does juvenile arthritis cause?
A child who has juvenile arthritis may develop problems with her eyes. The problems may be caused by the disease or by medications the child takes for the disease. The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea. Doctors call this condition “uveitis.” If it affects specific parts of...
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What's the treatment for eye problems linked to juvenile arthritis?
Your rheumatologist and ophthalmologist will work with you on this. If your child has uveitis, she might need prescription eyedrops. Some of these eyedrops dilate the eyes in order to keep the pupils open and help to prevent scars. Your child might also be prescribed steroid eyedrops. For example, your child might use ...
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Should I take my child to a rheumatologist?
In order to find eye problems early and prevent them from causing damage, your rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in treating arthritis) will schedule frequent appointments with a pediatric ophthalmologist. That's a medical doctor who specializes in children's eye diseases.
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How often should my child have eye exams?
That depends on what type of juvenile arthritis she has, how long she has had it, and what medications she takes. Ask your rheumatologist for the schedule.
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How can I tell if my child is developing problems related to juvenile arthritis?
Eye inflammation may not be painful. And the eyes are not usually as red as they are in conjunctivitis. So many children with juvenile arthritis who develop eye problems may not have any obvious symptoms. It's rare, but a child might complain of blurred vision or of light bothering her eyes. Sometimes, a child's eyes m...
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Will my doctor give my child a visual field test to check for juvenile arthritis?
The doctor might also give your child a “visual field” test to check for any vision changes. This type of exam measures peripheral vision, meaning how far your child can see to the side when she focuses her gaze on a central point. You should carefully follow the medicine guidelines that your child's doctor provide...
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What will happen during my child's appointment with an ophthalmologist?
Tell the ophthalmologist about the medicines that your child takes. You can get the names of the medicines, the dosages, and the reasons they have been prescribed from your rheumatologist. During the eye exam, the ophthalmologist will put drops in your child's eyes to make the pupils dilate. The drops may burn a little...
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Can uveitis start before a child gets diagnosed with juvenile arthritis?
It can also cause vision problems, such as: Glaucoma, a condition that causes high pressure in the eye Cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the eye Permanent vision damage, including blindness Uveitis can start up to 1 year before your child gets a diagnosis of juvenile arthritis. Or it could happen at the same time, o...
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Is uveitis more common in some children than in others?
Juvenile arthritis, also called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or childhood arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis to affect children. A child with this type of juvenile arthritis might need to get her eyes checked every 3 to 4 months. In general, children with polyarthritis need an eye exam every 6 months. Chi...
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How will the ophthalmologist diagnose inflammation of my child's eye?
The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea. The drops may burn a little, but it helps the doctor get a clear view inside the eyes.
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What is juvenile arthritis?
It's can affect many parts of the body, including the eyes. The most common eye problem is inflammation in a part of the eye called the uvea.
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How can chronic migraines affect you?
Because of that, chronic migraines can take a toll on your personal life. If you get painful headaches for half of each month, you lose days of work or school and precious time with friends and family. It's common for people with chronic migraines to also have depression.
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What causes migraines and chronic migraines?
Doctors are learning more about what brings on these headaches, which often run in families. Some are the result of a changes in your brain chemicals. Abnormal brain activity is also involved. Every person who has migraines has different triggers, but common ones include a lack of sleep, caffeine, and being under stres...
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What are chronic migraines?
But if you have the condition chronic migraine, you get headaches much more often -- at least 15 days a month. These frequent and severe attacks can make living a normal life a challenge. Most people who get chronic migraines are women.
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What is psychological abuse as it relates to elder abuse?
They include: Torn or bloody clothes, especially underwear Sexually transmitted diseases Bruises, especially on both sides of the body or around the breasts or genitals Bleeding from the vagina or bottom Psychological abuse is any action that hurts a person emotionally. It can happen when someone threatens him, yells a...
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What should you do if you see signs of elder abuse?
First, try talking privately with the person you suspect is in trouble. You can start by saying you think something is wrong and you want to help. If he won't answer your questions, it's possible that he is being abused. If he tells you someone's hurting him or you suspect he's in immediate danger, call 911. If the pro...
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What are signs of psychological abuse in relation to elder abuse?
Watch for signs of this kind of abuse in your loved one's actions or his relationships with you and others. He might: Act withdrawn or frightened Have changes in his behavior that you can't explain Rock back and forth, suck, or mumble to himself Be depressed, confused, or lose interest in things he enjoyed Have trouble...
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What is physical abuse as it relates to elder abuse?
It can happen in different ways: Physical abuse is any action that causes injury or bodily harm. It can include hitting, shoving, kicking, or burning an older person, tying him to a bed or wheelchair, locking him in a room, or giving him drugs his doctor hasn't prescribed.
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What are signs of financial abuse in relation to elder abuse?
Signs may include: Withdrawals from bank accounts that your loved one can't explain A new "friend" who may be taking financial advantage of him Legal documents that have been changed or disappeared Missing financial statements Unpaid bills, utilities that are shut off, or threats of eviction Signatures that seem to be ...
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What are physical signs of sexual abuse in relation to elder abuse?
There may be physical signs as well as those you can't see. They include: Torn or bloody clothes, especially underwear Sexually transmitted diseases Bruises, especially on both sides of the body or around the breasts or genitals Bleeding from the vagina or bottom Psychological abuse is any action that hurts a person em...
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What is neglect as it relates to elder abuse?
Signs may include: Withdrawals from bank accounts that your loved one can't explain A new "friend" who may be taking financial advantage of him Legal documents that have been changed or disappeared Missing financial statements Unpaid bills, utilities that are shut off, or threats of eviction Signatures that seem to be ...
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What are signs of neglect in relation to elder abuse?
He might: Act withdrawn or frightened Have changes in his behavior that you can't explain Rock back and forth, suck, or mumble to himself Be depressed, confused, or lose interest in things he enjoyed Have trouble sleeping Financial abuse is when an older person's money or property are threatened. He loses weight sudden...
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How can visualization help me reduce stress around symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
It's like taking a mental vacation to distract you from your worries and pain. Imagine yourself in a place you find calm and relaxing. Maybe it's in a boat on a mountain lake. Feel the warm sun on your face. Dip your toes in the water. Listen to the birds chirp. Smell the mountain air. Go back to that place every time ...
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Can I reduce stress around unpredictable symptoms of my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Remember to follow your doctor's instructions exactly when taking any medication for your IBS- D. Unpredictable symptoms can leave you stressed and anxious, which can lead to more problems. But when you learn ways to worry less, that can break the circle.
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How can mindfulness meditation help me reduce stress around symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
This can calm your mind, ease stress, and help manage pain. It's taught in a class or group session. You'll learn breathing, visualization, and relaxation techniques to lessen your stress. The main goal here is to help you focus on the present instead of worrying about the past or future.
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How can psychodynamic therapy help me reduce stress around symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Psychodynamic therapy looks at how your emotions affect your symptoms. Often you're taught ways to help you relax.
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Are there medications that can help my irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) feel better?
If your doctor prescribes these, you may wonder how they could help you.
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Should I follow my doctor's instructions for taking medications for my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Remember to follow your doctor's instructions exactly when taking any medication for your IBS- D. Unpredictable symptoms can leave you stressed and anxious, which can lead to more problems.
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What is eluxadoline and how can it help treat my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Eluxadoline ( Viberzi) works in your digestive system to lessen bowel contractions and slow the motion in your intestines. You take it twice a day with food. It works best if you take it regularly for as long as your doctor feels is needed.
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How can hypnosis help me reduce stress around symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
This puts you in a different state of awareness and uses the power of suggestion to help you feel better. The hypnotist may use calm imagery to help relax the muscles in your gut.
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What medications can I take to help cramping that comes from my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
You might hear your doctor call these "anticholinergic and antispasmodic drugs." She's talking about prescription meds like dicyclomine ( Bentyl) and hyoscyamine ( Levsin), which lessen bad cramping and unusual colon contractions. They may help more if you take them before you have symptoms. For instance, if you usuall...
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What are ways to calm down my symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
There's evidence that two may calm your symptoms: Peppermint oil.
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How can low-dose antidepressants help treat my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
If your doctor prescribes these, you may wonder how they could help you. Some may work because they weaken pain signals your gut sends to your brain. They can also improve diarrhea by slowing the flow of food through your stomach and intestines.
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How can anti-anxiety drugs help my irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Your doctor might prescribe these if anxiety triggers your symptoms. Clonazepam ( Klonopin), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) can help take the edge off. Usually they're not used for a long time because of the risk of addiction.
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Will dietary supplements help calm my symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Often you're taught ways to help you relax. There's evidence that two may calm your symptoms: Peppermint oil. Look for enteric-coated capsules. They dissolve in the intestines instead of in the stomach. They're live microscopic organisms like those that live in your digestive tract. Some probiotics may improve belly pa...
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When should I introduce finger foods to my baby?
Once your baby is a pro at eating soft mashed foods, he may be ready to move on to finger foods around 8 months. He has the dexterity to pick the food up and release it, but will become more efficient and independent as he masters the pincer grip around 9 months. At that point he'll be able to use his thumb and forefin...
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What should I expect in my baby's 8th month?
You may notice these growing signs of motor development: Your baby is probably now able to sit on his own for several minutes, without using his hands for support and he may be able to get up into a sitting position all by himself. While you offer him support, he should be able to bounce up and down, and possibly even ...
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Are cold compresses good for shingles?
Cold compresses: Run a washcloth under cool water and place it on your blisters for about 20 minutes at a time. Not only can this relieve itching, it also keeps your blisters clean. That helps you avoid a skin infection. A couple of important notes: If your blisters aren't oozing anymore, stop using cold compresses If ...
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Is it OK to exercise when you have shingles?
To give it the right support, you can: Eat nutritious food and have regular meals. Ask someone to make a run to the grocery store for fresh fruit and such if you're not up for it. Try to get a good night's sleep and rest anytime you need to. Do gentle exercises, such as walking or stretching. Light activity can help ta...
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What can you do to relieve shingles symptoms?
You can't make an outbreak of shingles go away any faster, but you can do a lot of things on your own to make yourself more comfortable. Calamine lotion: Treat your skin with this smooth, cool, and soothing balm.
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What are foods to avoid when managing osteoporosis?
Don't get too much phosphorus from your diet, because it can promote bone loss. High-phosphorus foods include red meats, soft drinks, and those with phosphate food additives. Also, don't drink too much alcohol or get too much caffeine. They cut down on how much calcium your body absorbs. To help keep estrogen levels fr...
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How can hormone replacement therapy help manage osteoporosis?
Menopausal hormone replacement therapy -- either estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progestin -- is known to help preserve bone and prevent fractures. The drug Duavee (estrogen and bazedoxifene) is a type of HRT approved to treat menopause-related hot flashes. It may also prevent osteoporosis in high-risk ...
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How can calcium and vitamin D help osteoporosis?
Food sources of calcium include nonfat milk, low-fat yogurt, plant-based milks or orange juices that are fortified with calcium, broccoli, cauliflower, salmon, tofu, and leafy green vegetables. Get 1,000 milligrams of calcium each day if you're age 19-50. You need 1,200 milligrams per day if you're a woman age 51 or ol...
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What is the treatment for Chagas disease?
If the disease enters its second (or chronic) phase, it can cause serious heart and intestinal problems, including: An enlarged heart, esophagus, or colon Heart failure An altered heart rhythm Blood clots Sudden cardiac arrest Chagas disease is easiest to treat during the first phase. But the lack of symptoms can make ...
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What is Chagas disease?
A parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi) causes it. The disease infects up to 8 million people, mostly in Latin America. But cases recently started popping up in Texas. It can stay dormant for years or even decades.
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How is high-intensity focused ultrasound used to treat prostate cancer?
This device produces sound waves that deliver heat energy to kill cancer cells. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.
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What does the type of treatment I receive for prostate cancer depend on?
The treatment you need will depend on a few things: Your age, health, and lifestyle How serious your prostate cancer is (how large the tumor is and if it has spread in your body) Your thoughts (and your doctor's opinion) about if you need to treat the cancer right away Possible side effects The chance that a treatment ...
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What does waiting and observing early prostate cancer mean?
If you have a small, slow-growing tumor, you and your doctor may decide to wait until you have symptoms to initiate treatment. With active surveillance, you may have regular PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood tests, rectal exams, ultrasounds, and biopsies to see if the cancer is getting worse. If it starts to grow o...
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Is prostate cancer usually treated with one or multiple types of treatment?
You may start with one of these treatments and change it, or your doctor might mix different treatments. You'll work together to find the best plan.
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What does surgery for prostate cancer consist of?
It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. There are several types. Your doctor may only remove your prostate gland. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometime...
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How does cryotherapy for prostate cancer work?
If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. It's hard to say for sure how well it works. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using i...
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What is a prostate cancer vaccine and how does it work?
Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down...