doc_id
int64 10.5M
12.8M
| text
stringlengths 68
38.1k
| ipcr_labels
stringlengths 11
394
| section
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|
11,487,241
|
[claim] 11. A wobble demodulator for reproducing digital information from an optical recording medium in which a track, for recording data in accordance with a wobble signal modulated so as to represent digital information by a combination of a modulation signal that is not frequency-modulated or phase-modulated and a carrier signal that is not frequency-modulated or phase-modulated, is wobbled to be formed, comprising: a wobble signal detector for detecting a wobble signal in accordance with wobbling of the track from the optical recording medium; a wobble PLL for detecting the carrier signal based on the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector; a wobble PLL lock determiner for detecting a lock state of a PLL representing a synchronization state in a frequency and a phase between the wobble signal and the carrier signal; and a decoder for reproducing address information by decoding the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector and the carrier signal detected by the wobble signal detector and the carrier signal detected by the wobble PLL in accordance with a detection result of the PLL lock determiner, wherein the decoder is operated so as to detect and lock a synchronization position with respect to the digital information when the PLL lock determiner detects a PLL lock, and is operated so as to unlock the locked synchronization position when the PLL lock determiner detects a PLL unlock. 12. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein the wobble PLL includes a voltage control transmitter for generating a wobble clock obtained by multiplying a frequency of the carrier signal, the PLL lock determiner includes a period measurement unit for measuring a period of the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector based on the wobble clock generated by the voltage control transmitter, and the PLL lock determiner detects a frequency lock when a sum or an average value of the period of the wobble signal measured by the period measurement unit in a predetermined section is in a first range, and detects a frequency unlock when the sum or the average value is out of a predetermined second range. 13. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein the PLL lock determiner includes an exclusive OR integrator for integrating a result of an exclusive OR between a wobble binarized signal obtained by binarizing the wobble signal and a carrier binarized signal obtained by binarizing the carrier signal in a predetermined section, and the PLL lock determiner detects a phase lock when an integrated value obtained by the exclusive OR integrator is smaller than a predetermined first threshold value, and detects a phase unlock when the integrated value is larger than a predetermined second threshold value. 14. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein the wobble PLL includes a wobble period averaging unit for generating an averaged wobble signal obtained by averaging a period of the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector, and the wobble PLL generates the carrier signal based on the averaged wobble signal generated by the wobble period averaging unit in a state where the PLL lock determiner has not detected a frequency lock, and generates the carrier signal based on the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector in a state where the PLL lock determiner has detected a frequency lock. 15. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein in the optical recording medium, the digital information is composed on a predetermined information block basis having a synchronization signal containing a plurality of sink patterns, and when a predetermined number or more of the sink patterns are detected from the synchronization signal in one information block, the decoder is operated so as to lock a synchronization position based on detection positions of the sink patterns. 16. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein in the optical recording medium, the digital information is configured on a predetermined information block basis having a synchronization signal containing a plurality of sink patterns, and when information blocks in which a predetermined number or more of the sink patterns are not detected from the synchronization signal are continued a predetermined number of times, the decoder is operated so as to unlock a synchronization position. 17. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein in the optical recording medium, the digital information is configured on a predetermined information block basis having a synchronization signal containing a predetermined sink pattern, and when information blocks in which a position of a sink pattern detected from the synchronization signal is shifted from a synchronization position previously detected are continued a predetermined number of times, the decoder corrects the synchronization position by a shifted amount. 18. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein in the optical recording medium, the digital information is configured on a predetermined information block basis having a synchronization signal containing a predetermined sink pattern, data, and an error correction code of the data, the decoder includes an error corrector for correcting an error of the data based on the error correction code, and the decoder is operated so as to unlock a synchronization position when data reproduced in an information block in which a synchronization position is detected first is not error-correctable. 19. The wobble demodulator according to claim 11, wherein in the optical recording medium, the digital information is configured on a predetermined information block basis having a synchronization signal containing a predetermined sink pattern, data, and an error correction code of the data, the decoder includes an error corrector for correcting an error of the data based on the error correction code, and the decoder is operated so as to unlock a synchronization position when an information block in which reproduced data is not error-correctable is continued a plurality of times. 31. A wobble demodulation method for reproducing digital information from an optical recording medium in which a track, for recording data in accordance with a wobble signal modulated so as to represent digital information by a combination of a modulation
|
['G11B509']
|
claim
|
11,471,691
|
[description] Referring now to FIG. 1, an alkaline electrochemical cell 10 is shown according to one embodiment of the present invention. The alkaline electrochemical cell 10 shown in the exemplary embodiment and described herein is a cylindrical primary (non-rechargeable) battery cell of size LR6 (AA). However, it should be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention may be applicable to other alkaline electrochemical cells of other shapes and sizes, including LR03 (AAA), LR14 (C) and LR20 (D) size cylindrical battery cells, as examples. Additionally, the electrochemical cell 10 may be employed as a single cell battery or may be employed in a multiple cell battery. The electrochemical cell 10 includes a cylindrical container in the form of a steel can 12, generally having a closed end 14, an open opposite end 16 and a cylindrical side wall extending between the opposite ends. The steel can 12 is made of a suitable electrically conductive metal that may be formed into a desired shape and is adapted to seal the internal contents within the cell 10. In the embodiment shown, the steel can 12 also functions as the cathode current collector, and therefore exhibits good electrical conductivity. In one embodiment, the steel can 12 may be plated with nickel and cobalt, such as may be achieved in an annealing process. The interior surface of the steel can 10 may be coated with a graphite, if desired. In one example of an LR6 size cell, the steel can 10 has a wall thickness of about 0.010 inch (10 mils or 0.025 cm) and the cylindrical wall has an outside diameter of about 0.548 inch (1.392 cm). Welded onto the closed end 14 of steel can 12 is a positive contact terminal 30, which may be formed of plated steel. The contact terminal 30 has a protruding nubbin (i.e., protrusion), at its center which serves as the positive contact terminal of the cell 10. Assembled onto the opposite open end 16 of the steel can 12 is a collector and seal assembly made up of an anode current collector 34 (e.g., nail), a polymeric (e.g., nylon) seal 26 and a negative contact terminal 32. The open end 16 of can 12 is crimped onto the seal 26 which abuts bead 28 to seal closed the open end 16 of can 12. The negative contact terminal 32 forms a negative contact terminal of the cell 10. Positive and negative contact terminals 30 and 32 are made of electrically conductive metal and serve as the respective positive and negative electrical terminals. Additionally, a jacket 18 may be formed about the exterior surface of the steel can 10, and may include an adhesive layer, such as a metalized, plastic film layer. Disposed within the sealed volume of steel can 12 is a positive electrode, referred to as the cathode 20, generally positioned adjacent the interior surface of the steel can 12. The cathode is generally cylindrical with an interior surface defining a cylindrical cavity having an inside diameter ID. A separator 22 is disposed in the cylindrical cavity and contacts the interior surface of the cathode 20. A negative electrode, referred to as the anode 24, is disposed within the cavity inside the separator 22. Additionally, an alkaline electrolyte solution, including water, is disposed within the sealed volume of the container 12 in contact with both the anode 24 and the cathode 20. The cathode 20 includes manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the electrochemically active material of the positive electrode. Cathode 20 is generally formed of a mixture of manganese dioxide, graphite, barium sulfate and aqueous alkaline electrolyte solution. According to an impact molding embodiment, the cathode 20 may be formed by disposing a quantity of the cathode mixture into the open ended container 12 and, with use of an impact molding ram, molding the mixture into a solid tubular (cylinder) configuration that defines a cavity generally concentric with the side wall of the container 12. Alternately, according to a ring molding embodiment, the cathode 20 may be formed by preforming a plurality of rings (e.g., three or four rings) from the cathode mixture and then inserting the preformed rings into the container 12 to form the tubular shaped cathode 20. The anode 24, also referred to herein as the negative electrode, may include a homogeneous mixture of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, a zinc powder and a gelling agent, such as cross-linked polyacrylic acid. The zinc powder is the electrochemically active material of the anode 24. The aqueous alkaline electrolyte may include an alkaline metal hydroxide, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof. A gelling agent suitable for use in the anode 24 may include a cross-linked polyacrylic acid, such as Carbopol 940®, which is commercially available from Noveon, Inc., of Cleveland, Ohio. Examples of other gelling agents that may be suitable for use in the cell 10 may include Carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate. The zinc powder may include pure zinc or zinc alloy. Additional optional components of the anode 24 may include gassing inhibitors, organic or inorganic anti-corrosive agents, binders or surfactants that may be added to the ingredients listed above. Examples of suitable gassing inhibitors or anti-corrosive agents include indium salts (such as indium hydroxide), perfluoroalkyl ammonium salts, alkali metal sulfides, etc. Examples of suitable surfactants include polyethylene oxide, polyethylene, alkylethers, perfluoroalkyl compounds and the like. The anode 24 may be manufactured by combining the ingredients into a ribbon blender or drum mixer and then working the anode mixture into a wet slurry. In addition to the aqueous alkaline electrolyte absorbed by the gelling agent during the anode manufacturing process, an additional quantity of aqueous solution containing a solution of potassium hydroxide and water, also referred to herein as free electrolyte, is added to the electrochemical cell 10 during the manufacturing process. The free electrolyte may be incorporated into the cell 10 by disposing it into the cavity defined by the cathode 20 after the separator 22 is inserted and may also
|
['H01M450' 'H01M208' 'H01M1026']
|
detailed_description
|
10,545,152
|
[invention] Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase, and particularly the R2 component, is altered in malignant cells exposed to some tumour promoters and to the growth factor TGF-β [Amara, et al., 1994; Chen et al., 1993; Amara et al., 1995b; Hurta and Wright, 1995; Hurta et al., 1991]. Higher levels of enzyme activity have been observed in cultured malignant cells when compared to nonmalignant cells [Weber, 1983; Takeda and Weber, 1981; Wright et al., 1989a], and increased levels of R2 protein and R2 mRNA have been found in pre-malignant and malignant tissues as compared to normal control tissue samples [Saeki et al., 1995; Jensen et al., 1994]. However, these correlative studies did not show a direct role for ribonucleotide reductase in cancer cell transformation and tumour progression, because like so many other enzyme activities found to be altered in cancer cells [e.g. Weber, 1983], the results could easily be explained by the increased cell proliferation and altered cell cycle regulation characteristics of transformed and malignant cell populations [Morgan and Kastan, 1997]. Antisense oligonucleotides directed to the R1 or R2 component of ribonucleotide reductase have been shown to be effective in reducing the growth of cancer cells [see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,998,383 and 6,121,000]. In view of the high incidence of various types of cancer throughout the world, there remains a need for improved therapies for the treatment of cancer. This background information is provided for the purpose of making known information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.
|
['A61K4800' 'A61K317072' 'A61K317048' 'A61K31704' 'A61K314745' 'A61K31573'
'C07H2102' 'A61K3119']
|
background
|
12,562,654
|
[claim] 1. A semiconductor device, comprising: a substrate; and a chip formed on said substrate and electrically connected to said substrate by a wire, said chip comprising: a wiring layer electrically connected to said wire; and a protective layer formed on said wiring layer, said wiring layer comprising: a wiring portion having said protective layer formed in an upper surface thereof and being electrically connected to another layer at a lower layer thereof; a bonding portion connected to one end of said wire at an exposed surface thereof, said exposed surface not having said protective layer formed in an upper layer thereof; and a connecting portion extending in a certain direction so as to join said wiring portion and said bonding portion, said connecting portion comprising an etched portion formed by digging out said wiring layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said chip is stacked on said substrate in a plurality. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the bonding portion is applied a ground voltage. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said etched portion is configured as a through hole formed so as to penetrate said wiring layer. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said etched portion is configured as a recess having an upper surface of said wiring layer removed. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, and said etched portion is formed in a rectangular shape extending in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction, and so as to be arranged with a certain pitch in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, and said etched portion is formed in a rectangular shape extending in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction, and so as to have a certain pitch in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction and to be alternately misaligned from a central line of said connecting portion in said first direction. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, and said etched portion is formed in a rectangular shape extending in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction, and so as to be arranged with a certain pitch in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, and said etched portion is formed in a square shape, and so as to be positioned in a matrix formation in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction and in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, said etched portion is formed in a square shape, and said etched portion arranged in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction is formed so as to be alternately misaligned from a central line of said connecting portion in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, said etched portion is configured in a cross shape extending in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction and a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction, and said etched portion is provided in an even number at a (2n−1)th position in said second direction and is provided in an odd number at a (2n)th position in said second direction, n being a natural number. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein said etched portion included in said connecting portion in a plurality is formed with a width of a first length and provided with a spacing of said first length in said first direction. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, said etched portion is configured as a pair of L shapes, one of said pair of L shapes has a shape that is the other of said pair of L shapes rotated 180° in a predetermined plane, and said etched portion configured as the pair of L shapes is formed so as to be alternately misaligned from a central line of said connecting portion in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, said etched portion is configured as a pair of U shapes, one of said pair of U shapes has a shape that is the other of said pair of U shapes rotated 180° in a predetermined plane, and said etched portion configured as the pair of U shapes is formed so as to be alternately misaligned from a central line of said connecting portion in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting portion includes said etched portion in a plurality, said etched portion has a shape extending in a first direction orthogonal to said predetermined direction from one edge or the other edge of said connecting portion towards a center of said connecting portion in said first direction, said etched portion at a first position in a second direction parallel to said predetermined direction is formed so as to extend from one end in said first direction of said connecting portion, and said etched portion at a second position adjacent to said first position in said second direction is formed so as to extend from the other edge in said first direction of said connecting portion. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said etched portion is formed only in said wiring portion extending from an end portion position of said
|
['H01L2348']
|
claim
|
11,637,806
|
[invention] Since it is an era with well-developed information technologies and a blooming electronic industry, various different high-tech products are derived from computers, and the mobile communication is developed rapidly. All these technologies and products are indispensable to our life and shorten the time and space between people. As the present electronic products (such as computers) and communication technology (such as network) become more popular and extensively used, and manufactures are promoting their products and service with incentives, the market competition is getting increasingly severer. Major manufacturers constantly introduce innovative products to attract consumers, since the consumer's demand for electronic products and communication services becomes increasingly higher. Thus, a more convenient electronic product and a faster communication service are considered as important indexes for determining whether or not the high-tech products and communication service of one country leads the others. The so-called “server” refers to a high performance computer primarily used as a node for a network to store or process data on the network, and a general server comprises a processor, a hard disk, a memory and a system bus, and these components are made specifically for network applications, so that the server can have higher processing capability, stability, reliability, safety, expandability and manageability. Particularly, when the information technology advances and the information flow requirements grow steadily, it is very common for a server of a company or an organization to provide related information, downloads and email services. Therefore, processing capability and stability are considered as major factors for a stable humanistic information application and a service environment. To avoid abnormal situations of a server due to various causes and result in an interrupt of data access or network service, some manufacturers developed a dual redundant server system as shown in FIG. 1 . The system 1 includes a master control module 10 and a slave control module 12 , wherein the master control module 10 sends or receives data packets between the server system 1 and a network 2 , such that the server system 1 can send and receive data packets (such as network information including related information, downloads and emails) with the network 2 to provide related network information services. To avoid abnormal situations of the master control module 10 that result in an interrupt service of the server system 1 , the master control module 10 normally sends a heartbeat packet to a slave control module 12 for every predetermined time through an inspecting transmission module 14 installed between the control modules 10 , 12 . If the slave control module 12 receives the heartbeat packet in every predetermined time, the counting of time will be reset, and it continues to determine whether or not the heartbeat packet is received within the predetermined time. If the master control module 10 is abnormal and has not sent the heartbeat packet to the slave control module 12 within the predetermined time, the slave control module 12 will take over the master control module 10 immediately, so as to keep sending and receiving network packets between the server system 1 and the network 2 . However, traditional dual redundant server systems usually have a problem that the slave control module 12 often takes over the master control module 10 to send and receive data packets between the server system 1 and the network 2 , even if the master control module 10 is not abnormal or failed. There exists a conflict between the master control module 10 and the slave control module 12 , if the inspecting transmission module 14 fails to send the heartbeat packet from the master control module 10 to the slave control module 12 , and thus the slave control module 12 misjudges that the master control module 10 is failed and takes over the master control module 10 . As a result, there is a conflict between the master control module 10 and the slave control module 12 , not only failing to send or receive data packets between the server system 1 and the network 2 , but also damaging or losing data of the server system 1 .
|
['G06F1114']
|
background
|
12,182,412
|
EMBEDDED MEMORY APPARATUS WITH REDUCED POWER RING AREA [SEP] [abstract] An embedded memory apparatus with reduced power ring area is disclosed. In order to save the area consumption of a chip, a scheme for removing the power rings originally disposed in a memory core, or another scheme for sharing the power rings with other adjacent memory cores is provided. According to the preferred embodiment of the routing, the power strips originally bridging the inner elements and the outer power serve as the power source (VDD) and ground (VSS) respectively since the peripheral power ring surrounded the core is removed. Thus the area consumption is reduced as if the surrounded power ring shrinks inwardly. The shared power ring for the adjacent memory cores can also be another aspect for reducing the area.
|
['G11C502' 'G11C514']
|
abstract
|
12,489,234
|
[summary] Aspects of the disclosure pertain to methods of depositing silicon oxide layers on substrates. In embodiments, silicon oxide layers are deposited by flowing a silicon-containing precursor, an oxidizing gas, water and an additive precursor into a processing chamber such that a uniform silicon oxide growth rate is achieved across the substrate surface. The surface of silicon oxide layers grown according to embodiments may have a reduced roughness when grown with the additive precursor. In other aspects of the disclosure, silicon oxide layers are deposited on a patterned substrate with trenches on the surface by flowing a silicon-containing precursor, an oxidizing gas, water and an additive precursor into a processing chamber such that the trenches are filled with a reduced quantity and/or size of voids within the silicon oxide filler material. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for forming a silicon oxide layer on a substrate in a processing chamber. The method includes flowing a silicon-containing precursor and flowing an oxidizing gas into the processing chamber. The method further includes flowing water and an additive precursor into the processing chamber. The silicon oxide layer is formed on the substrate from the silicon-containing precursor, the oxidizing gas, water and the additive precursor by chemical vapor deposition. The additive precursor promotes a uniform growth rate of the silicon oxide layer across the substrate and reduces roughness of the silicon oxide layer. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for filling a trench with silicon oxide. The trench is on a substrate within a processing chamber. The method includes flowing a first silicon-containing precursor into the processing chamber. The first silicon-containing precursor comprises at least one Si—O bond. The method further includes flowing an oxidizing precursor, water and a second silicon-containing precursor into the chamber. The second silicon-containing precursor comprises at least one Si—C bond. The method further includes depositing the silicon oxide in the trench with the first and second silicon-containing precursors and the oxidizing precursor by chemical vapor deposition. The second precursor evens out a growth rate, thereby reducing a size of voids and/or a number of voids which remain in the trench following deposition. Additional embodiments and features are set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the specification or may be learned by the practice of the disclosed embodiments. The features and advantages of the disclosed embodiments may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities, combinations, and methods described in the specification.
|
['H01L2131' 'H01L21762']
|
summary
|
12,425,541
|
[invention] Silk is a well described natural fiber produced by the silkworm, Bombyx mori , which has been used traditionally in the form of threads in textiles for thousands of years. This silk contains a fibrous protein termed fibroin (both heavy and light chains) that form the thread core, and glue-like proteins termed sericin that surround the fibroin fibers to cement them together. The fibroin is a highly insoluble protein containing up to 90% of the amino acids glycine, alanine and serine leading to β-pleated sheet formation in the fibers (Asakura, et al., Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science , Arntzen, C. J., Ritter, E. M. Eds.; Academic Press: New York, N.Y., 1994; Vol. 4, pp 1-11). The unique mechanical properties of reprocessed silk such as fibroin and its biocompatibility make the silk fibers especially attractive for use in biotechnological materials and medical applications. Silk provides an important set of material options for biomaterials and tissue engineering because of the impressive mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability (Altman, G. H., et al., Biomaterials 2003, 24, 401-416; Cappello, J., et al., J. Control. Release 1998, 53, 105-117; Foo, C. W. P., et al., Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 2002, 54, 1131-1143; Dinerman, A. A., et al., J. Control. Release 2002, 82, 277-287; Megeed, Z., et al., Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 2002, 54, 1075-1091; Petrini, P., et al., J. Mater. Sci - Mater. M. 2001, 12, 849-853; Altman, G. H., et al., Biomaterials 2002, 23, 4131-4141; Panilaitis, B., et al., Biomaterials 2003, 24, 3079-3085). For example, 3-dimensional porous silk scaffolds have been described for use in tissue engineering (Meinel et al., Ann Biomed Eng. 2004 January; 32(1):112-22; Nazarov, R., et al., Biomacromolecules in press). Further, regenerated silk fibroin films have been explored as oxygen- and drug-permeable membranes, supports for enzyme immobilization, and substrates for cell culture (Minoura, N., et al., Polymer 1990, 31, 265-269; Chen, J., et al., Minoura, N., Tanioka, A. 1994, 35, 2853-2856; Tsukada, M., et al., Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Physics 1994, 32, 961-968). In addition, silk hydrogels have found numerous applications in tissue engineering, as well as in drug delivery (Megeed et al., Pharm Res. 2002 July; 19(7):954-9; Dinerman et al., J Control Release. 2002 Aug. 21; 82 (2-3):277-87). However, in order to prepare silk based materials described above, chemical agents or organic solvents, such as hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), have been used for cross-linking or for the processing (Li, M., et al., J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 2001, 79, 2192-2199; Min, S., et al., Sen'i Gakkaishi 1997, 54, 85-92; Nazarov, R., et al., Biomacromolecules in press). For example, HFIP is used to optimize solubility of the silk and methanol is used to induce an amorphous to β-sheet conformation transition in the fibroin, in order to generate water-stable silk structures. The use of organic solvents in the preparation of silk fibroin materials represents a significant drawback, as organic solvents pose biocompatibility problems when the processed materials are exposed to cells in vitro or in vivo. Organic solvents can also change the properties of fibroin material. For example, the immersion of silk fibroin films in organic solvents such as methanol causes dehydration of the hydrated or swollen structure, leading to crystallization and thus, loss of solubility in water. Further, with respect to tissue engineering scaffolds, the use of organic solvents can render the silk material to be less degradable. Thus, there is a need in the art for the development of silk based materials that can be formed in the absence of chemical cross-linking and/or organic solvents.
|
['A61K4742']
|
background
|
11,318,750
|
[claim] 1. A micro adjustable antenna bracket having a stationary bracket for providing a rough azimuthal adjustment and having a compressible collar being a hollow split tube and having a top; a bottom; and two mounting tabs formed on and protruding radially out from the top of the compressible collar opposite to each other, and each mounting tab having multiple connecting holes formed through the mounting tab; and a stationary panel attached to the top of the compressible collar and having a distal end; a proximal end; two side edges; multiple connecting holes formed through the stationary panel and corresponding to the connecting holes in the mounting tabs; a pivot hole formed through the stationary panel between the connecting holes near the distal end of the stationary panel; two wings formed respectively on and protruding down from the side edges of the stationary panel at the proximal end of the stationary panel and facing each other, and each wing having two through holes; and an elongated slot formed through the stationary panel between the wings and having two ends; a driver mounted between the wings of the stationary panel and having a drive block abutting the elongated slot in the stationary panel and having a top; two sides; a threaded hole formed in the top of the drive block; a drive hole being threaded and formed through the drive block between the two sides; and a mounting hole formed through the drive block between the two sides parallel to the drive hole; a drive shaft being threaded, mounted rotatably through a pair of corresponding through holes in the wings, screwing through the drive hole in the drive block for moving the drive block toward a selected wing when the drive shaft is rotated and having a proximal end; and a distal end; an adjustment wheel attached securely to the proximal end of the drive shaft outside a corresponding wing for rotating the drive shaft when the adjustment wheel is turned; and a connecting shaft mounted slidably through the mounting hole in the drive block parallel to the drive shaft and mounted in the other two through holes in the wings; and an antenna attachment bracket attached pivotally to the stationary panel and having an adjustable panel attached pivotally to the stationary panel and having multiple curved elongated through holes formed through the adjustable panel and corresponding respectively to the connecting holes through the stationary panel and the connecting holes in the mounting tabs of the compressible collar; a pivot hole formed through the adjustable panel and corresponding to the pivot hole in the stationary panel; and a drive hole formed through the adjustable panel and communicating with the elongated slot in the stationary panel and the threaded hole in the drive block; a pivot pin mounted through the pivot hole in the adjustable panel and securely in the pivot hole in the stationary panel to allow the adjustable panel to pivot relative to the stationary panel; and a drive pin mounted through the drive hole in the adjustable panel, slidably through the elongated slot in the stationary panel and securely in the threaded hole in the drive block; and multiple fasteners mounted through the connecting holes in the mounting tabs, the connecting holes in the stationary panel and the curved elongated through holes in the adjustable panel to the hold the adjustable panel securely in position after the adjustable panel has been adjusted. 2. The micro adjustable antenna bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein each fastener comprises a nut, a bolt and a washer.
|
['H01Q112']
|
claim
|
11,427,521
|
[claim] 1. A scanning lens for an imaging optical system that converges a beam emitted by a light source and deflected by a deflector on a target surface to form a beam spot scanning in a main scanning direction thereon, the scanning lens including a plastic lens formed by injection molding, the plastic lens having a diffractive lens structure on at least one surface thereof the diffractive lens structure having a plurality of concentric annular zones which are arranged concentrically about a rotational axis, each of the plurality of annular zones having a diffracting surface that diffracts the light beam passing therethrough, the diffractive lens structure having stepped surfaces each connecting adjoining diffracting surfaces, the stepped surfaces being designed such that, in a plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, the stepped surfaces are inclined with respect to the rotational axis so that stress working between a metallic molding for the plastic lens and each of the stepped surfaces in demolding is reduced. 2. The scanning lens according to claim 1, wherein design inclination of the stepped surface is substantially similar to a direction in which the lens deforms due to contraction of plastic when the plastic lens is demolded from the metallic molding. 3. The scanning lens according to claim 1, wherein the plastic lens is formed such that plastic is injected through a gate which is arranged on the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, and wherein each of the stepped surfaces is designed to be substantially parallel, in the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, with a line connecting a point where the stepped surface is connected with the diffracting surface and a point that is a projection of a substantially central point of the gate on the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction. 4. A scanning lens for an imaging optical system that converges a beam emitted by a light source and deflected by a deflector on a target surface to form a beam spot scanning in a main scanning direction thereon, the scanning lens including a plastic lens formed by injection molding, the plastic lens having a diffractive lens structure on at least one surface thereof, the diffractive lens structure having a plurality of concentric annular zones which are arranged concentrically about a rotational axis, each of the plurality of annular zones having a diffracting surface that diffracts the light beam passing tlierethrough, the diffractive lens structure having stepped surfaces each connecting adjoining diffracting surfaces, the stepped surfaces being designed such that, in a plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, the stepped surfaces are inclined with respect to normal lines to adjoining diffiacting surfaces so that stress working between a metallic molding for the plastic lens and each of the stepped surfaces in demolding is reduced. 5. The scanning lens according to claim 4, wherein design inclination of the stepped surface is substantially similar to a direction in which the lens deforms due to contraction of plastic when the plastic lens is demolded from the metallic molding. 6. The scanning lens according to claim 4, wherein the plastic lens is formed such that plastic is injected through a gate which is arranged on the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, and wherein each of the stepped surfaces is designed to be substantially parallel, in the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction, with a line connecting a point where the stepped surface is connected with the diffracting surface and a point that is a projection of a substantially central point of the gate on the plane including the rotational axis and parallel with the main scanning direction. 7. A diffractive lens made of plastic formed by injection molding, the diffractive lens having a diffractive lens structure on at least one surface thereof, the diffractive lens structure having a plurality of concentric annular zones which are arranged concentrically about a rotational axis, each of the plurality of annular zones having a diffracting surface that diffracts the light beam pass therethrough, the diffractive lens structure having stepped surfaces each connecting adjoining diffracting surfaces, the stepped surfaces being designed such that, in a plane including the rotational axis, the stepped surfaces are inclined with respect to the rotational axis so that stress working between a metallic molding for the plastic lens and each of the stepped surfaces in demolding is reduced. 8. The diffractive lens according to claim 7, wherein design inclination of the stepped surface of the diffractive lens is substantially similar to a direction in which the lens defonrs due to contraction of plastic when the diffractive lens is demolded from the metallic molding. 9. The diffractive lens according to claim 7, wherein the diffractive lens is included in an imaging optical system that converges a beam emitted by a light source and deflected by a deflector on a target surface to form a beam spot scanning in a main scanning direction thereon, and wherein the plane including the rotational axis is parallel with the main scanning direction. 10. The diffractive lens according to claim 7, wherein the diffractive lens is formed such that plastic is injected thlrough a gate winch is arranged on the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis, and wherein each of the stepped surfaces is designed to be substantially parallel, in the plane substantially parallel with the plane including the rotational axis, with a line connecting a point where the stepped surface is connected with the diffracting surface and a point that is a projection of the gate on the plane including the rotational axis.
|
['G02B518']
|
claim
|
11,251,903
|
[summary] An image formation device has an image formation section, a pattern image detection section and a registration correction section. The image formation section forms an image to be outputted and a pattern image on an image-bearing body, the pattern image is formed at a non-image creation region outside an image creation region at which the outputted image is formed. The pattern image detection section detects a position of the pattern image for detecting positional offset of the image. The registration correction section corrects the positional offset based on the detected position of the pattern image.
|
['G03G1501']
|
summary
|
11,911,832
|
Impact Sensor System For Pedestrian Protection [SEP] [abstract] An impact sensor system for pedestrian protection comprises at least one foil-type switching element having a plurality of active areas. The foil-type switching element comprises at least a first carrier foil and a second carrier foil arranged at a certain distance by means of at least one first spacer, wherein said at least one first spacer comprises a plurality of recesses defining at least a first part of said active areas. In each active area, at least two electrode structures are arranged between said first and second carrier foils in such way that in re-sponse to a force acting on the active area of the switching element, the first and second carrier foils are pressed together against the reaction force of the elastic carrier foils and that, above a predetermined activation threshold force, an electrical contact is established between the at least two electrode struc-tures. According to the invention said foil-type switching element is configured such that the activation threshold force of a first group of said plurality of active areas is different from an activation threshold force of a second group of said plurality of active areas.
|
['G01L106' 'G01P15135' 'B60R2101' 'H01B710' 'H01H314']
|
abstract
|
11,723,148
|
Separator, a lithium rechargeable battery using the same and a method of manufacture thereof [SEP] [abstract] A separator, a lithium rechargeable battery using the separator, and a method of manufacturing the lithium rechargeable battery. More particulary, a separator in which a plurality of porous films having different strength from one another are disposed between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate. A porous film having a higher tensile strength is disposed at a region adjacent to the negative electrode plate, and the other porous film is disposed adjacent the positive electrode plate. The porous film having the higher tensile strength has smaller holes and/or is thicker than the other porous film. The separator improves the stability of the battery by improving the prevention of an electrical short occurring between the two electrode plates of the electrode assembly, and a lithium rechargeable battery using the same.
|
['H01M218' 'H01M216']
|
abstract
|
12,369,017
|
[description] The terms used to describe the instant invention have the following meanings. As used herein, the term “aliphatic linker” or “aliphatic group” is a non-aromatic, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen and may optionally contain one or more units of unsaturation, e.g., double and/or triple bonds (also refer herein as “alkenyl” and “alkynyl”). An aliphatic or aliphatic group may be straight chained, branched (also refer herein as “alkyl”) or cyclic (also refer herein as “cycloalkyl). When straight chained or branched, an aliphatic group typically contains between about 1 and about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms. When cyclic, an aliphatic typically contains between about 3 and about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 3 and about 7 carbon atoms. Aliphatics are preferably C1-C10 straight chained or branched alkyl groups (i.e. completely saturated aliphatic groups), more preferably C1-C6 straight chained or branched alkyl groups. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl. Additional examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexylyl and the like. It can be a preferred embodiment of the present invention that one carbon atom of the aliphatic linker is replaced with an O, NH, or S. It may further be preferred that the aliphatic linker is substituted with from one to four substituents each independently selected from R30. It may be preferred that the aliphatic linker is substituted with two substituents each independently selected from R30. The term “alkyl,” unless otherwise indicated, refers to those alkyl groups of a designated number of carbon atoms of either a straight or branched saturated configuration. As used herein, “C0 alkyl” means that there is no carbon and therefore represents a bond. Examples of “alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopentyl and the like. Alkyl as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. As used herein, the term “alkyloxo” means an alkyl group of the designated number of carbon atoms with a “═O” substituent. The term “alkenyl” means hydrocarbon chain of a specified number of carbon atoms of either a straight or branched configuration and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may occur at any point along the chain, such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, vinyl, alkyl, 2-butenyl and the like. Alkenyl as defined above may be optionally substituted with designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. The term “alkynyl” means hydrocarbon chain of a specified number of carbon atoms of either a straight or branched configuration and having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may occur at any point along the chain. Example of alkynyl is acetylene. Alkynyl as defined above may be optionally substituted with designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. The term “heteroalkyl” refers to a means hydrocarbon chain of a specified number of carbon atoms wherein at least one carbon is replaced by a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated carbocycle containing one or more rings of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, typically 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl includes, but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, and the like. “Cycloalkyaryl” means that an aryl is fused with a cycloalkyl, and “Cycloalkylaryl-alkyl” means that the cycloalkylaryl is linked to the parent molecule through the alkyl. Cycloalkyl as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. The term “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. The term “haloalkyl” is a C1-C6 alkyl group, which is substituted with one or more halo atoms selected from F, Br, Cl and I. An example of a haloalkyl group is trifluoromethyl (CF3); however, the term is in no way limited to trifluoromethyl. Trihalomethyl can be a preferred haloalkyl group. The term “alkoxy” represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, and the like. Alkoxy as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. The term “haloalkyloxy” represents a C1-C6 haloalkyl group attached through an oxygen bridge, such as OCF3. The “haloalkyloxyl” as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. The term “aryl” includes carbocyclic aromatic ring systems (e.g. phenyl), fused polycyclic aromatic ring systems (e.g. naphthyl and anthracenyl) and aromatic ring systems fused to carbocyclic non-aromatic ring systems (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl). “Aryl” as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. A preferred aryloxy group can be phenoxy, wherein the 0 is linked to the parent molecule. The term “arylalkyl” refers to an aryl alkyl group which is linked to the parent molecule through the alkyl group, which may be further optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited above. One preferred arylalkyl group can be benzyl or phenyl. When arylalkyl is arylcoalkyl, then the aryl group is bonded directly to the parent molecule. Likewise, arylheteroalkyl means an aryl group linked to the parent molecule through the heteroalkyl group. The term “acyl” refers to alkylcarbonyl species. The term “heteroaryl” group, as used herein, is an aromatic ring system having at least one heteroatom such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen and includes monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring of 5- to 14-carbon atoms containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S. The “heteroaryl” as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents as set forth in the embodiment recited
|
['A61K31381' 'C07D33322' 'A61P900' 'A61P310']
|
detailed_description
|
11,997,404
|
[invention] It is sometimes desirable or necessary to obtain specimens of tissue from humans and other animals, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancerous tumors, premalignant conditions, and other diseases or disorders. For example, when it is discovered that suspicious conditions exist, either by means of x-ray or ultrasound imaging in various tissues of the body, a physician usually performs a biopsy to determine if the cells at the suspected site are cancerous or benign. A biopsy can be done either by an open or percutaneous technique. Open biopsy is an invasive procedure using a scalpel, by either a portion (incisional biopsy) being removed or the entire mass (excisional biopsy) is removed. Percutaneous biopsy is usually done with a needle-like instrument through a relatively small incision, and can be performed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) or through the taking of a core biopsy sample. In FNA biopsy, individual cells or clusters of cells are obtained for cytologic examination and can be prepared such as in a Papanicolaou smear. In a core biopsy, a core or fragment of the tissue is obtained for histological examination. Uncontaminated and intact tissue from the organ, lesion, or tumor is preferred by medical personnel in order to arrive at a definitive diagnosis regarding the patient's condition. In most cases only part of the tissue in question needs to be sampled. The portions of tissue extracted must be indicative of the organ, lesion, or tumor as a whole. Often, multiple tissue samples from various locations of the mass being sampled may be taken. The percutaneous biopsy procedure can be performed utilizing various techniques and devices. One such biopsy device can include an inner stylet positioned inside an outer cannula, where the stylet is able to slide into and out of the cannula. The stylet can be a solid, pointed needle having a tissue sampling recess, and the cannula can be a hollow, open-ended needle having a sharp tip. The stylet and cannula can be manipulated cooperatively to capture a tissue sample in the sample recess. Such existing devices can be manually operated, semi-automated, and automated. U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,436 shows a multiple sample biopsy needle with a hydraulic mechanism that circulates fluid from the tip of the needle back to a receiving basket or baskets. A revolver-type array of receiving chambers is disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,305 shows a tissue sampling needle that pushes a sample proximally using a saline wash. Samples remain spaced apart within the needle such that the sequence of their collection is preserved. Samples can also be removed from a port while the needle remains in place. No mechanical transport mechanisms or drives are disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,822 shows a transport system that uses a cannula and knock-out pin combined with a vacuum source to shuttle a tissue sample to a multiple-chamber cassette where it is knocked out. The cannula is then repositioned for another sample. The vacuum source is external. A revolving sample cassette is also shown. A vent opening in each sample cylinder of the cassette is provided to eject the fluid used to transport the tissue sample. A removable disposable needle-bearing cassette interfaces with rotary and linear drives by means of long gears and shuttles that cradle the gears. Cutters operate in rotary and linear fashion (a counter-rotating cutters embodiment is included) and the cannula can be rotated to orient the sample opening. U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,316 shows a transport system similar to U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,822 in which a cutter transports with vacuum assist. Multiple sampling with single insertion is described but not automated multiple sample-handling. The details of a drive system are not disclosed U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,673 shows a needle with a durable part and a disposable part. An external cutting cannula rotates and advances axially to cut a sample. The tissue cutter is driven axially by a rack and pinion drive which are part of a durable component. A cradle connects the rack to the cutting cannula. U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,673 describes a tissue extractor that rotates within a piercing needle to align with any one of multiple receiving ports while obstructing the remaining ports. The tissue sample is cut by advancing the cutter and removing by withdrawing the extractor. A vacuum holds the tissue sample in place during the removal of the tissue extractor from the cutter. The cutter rotates as it advances. It is known to obtain a single sample with a single insertion. However, there are circumstances where there may be a need to obtain more than one samples. While the known biopsy needle can be re-inserted multiple times, such technique can cause pain and scarring of the body site. It is known to leave a marker at the biopsied site. To do so, however, a physician or healthcare provider would typically need to withdraw the biopsy needle and insert a different device to leave a marker at the biopsied site. The additional step with the marker device concurrent with the tissue sampling may not allow the marker to be deposited at the actual biopsied site, which can lead to inaccurate post-biopsy diagnosis.
|
['A61B1002']
|
background
|
11,109,381
|
Method and apparatus for circular knitting with elastomeric yarn that compensate for yarn package relaxation [SEP] [abstract] When elastomeric yarns are unwound and fed to the needles of a circular knitting apparatus, a yarn package relaxation profile is set, or determined, with corresponding adjustments made to the unwinding speed based on such package relaxation profile. Variably compensating for a varying package relaxation while knitting results in more uniform properties in a circular knit fabric and improved elastomeric yarn yield.
|
['D04B900']
|
abstract
|
12,021,611
|
[summary] According to an aspect of an embodiment, a telop character extraction apparatus includes an image input unit for receiving a telop region image which contains telop characters cut out from color image data. A gray-scale image generation unit generates a gray-scale image from the telop region image, and an edge region extraction unit generates an edge region image where an edge is extracted from within the gray-scale image and is inflated. A histogram creation unit uses the edge region image as a mask image, and creates a luminance histogram of pixels of the gray-scale image. A luminance class generation unit divides a luminance of the luminance histogram into a plurality of luminance classes. A character pattern candidate selection unit generates binary images where pixels of luminances belonging to the individual classes are collected for the respective luminance classes, and selects the binary image of the class of maximum area, as a telop character candidate image. A noise elimination unit decides on a character color used in the telop region image, in correspondence with the telop character candidate image, and extracts character pixels corresponding to the character color, from within the telop character candidate image, thereby to eliminate noise pixels and to generate a telop character image.
|
['G06K946']
|
summary
|
11,080,943
|
Fixing device of image forming apparatus [SEP] [abstract] A fixing apparatus of an image forming apparatus of the present invention strikes a support plate having an infrared temperature sensor against a roller shaft of a heat roller, thereby, regardless of the part accuracy, keeps a gap between the heat roller and the infrared temperature sensor constant. By improvement of the temperature detection accuracy of the infrared temperature sensor, the temperature control of the heat roller is improved and toner images can be fixed always at a fixed temperature. The fixing property is improved and fixed images of high image quality free of ripple marks are obtained.
|
['G03G1520']
|
abstract
|
12,356,381
|
[description] FIG. 1: Schematic representation of aggregate shape deformation during pore crossing. FIG. 2: Energy level associated with different states of aggregate deformation that result from an enforced aggregate passing through a narrow pore in a semi-permeable barrier. FIG. 3: Penetrability of a semi-permeable porous barrier to the suspension of vesicles smaller the average pore diameter in the barrier as a function of transbarrier pressure which drives the suspension through the barrier. FIG. 4: Molecular redistribution in an aggregate-enshrining lipid bilayer during aggregate deformation and pore crossing, which lowers the activation energy for transbarrier transport. FIG. 5: Schematic illustration of the role played by membrane destabilising component(s) on lipid bilayer adaptability. The effect of relative concentration of the second membrane destabilising component is shown in inset. FIG. 6 shows the effect of changing molar ratio of the second (Tween80=) and the third (surfactant; SDS) amphipatic system component, relatively to the first amphipatic system component (phospholipid; SPC), on the resistance of resulting mixed lipid suspension to the filtration through a barrier with 0.2 micrometer pore-diameter (left panel). The starting and final vesicle diameter was significantly greater than the average pore diameter. FIG. 7 exemplifies the effect of a charged biosurfactant, sodium cholate, in mixtures with another surfactant (Tween 80) containing phospholipid bilayers on the ability of the resulting lipid vesicle suspensions to penetrate through a semipermeable barrier under influence of transbarrier hydrostatic pressure. Pressure dependence barrier penetrability to three different suspensions of mixed bilayer vesicles, pushed through narrow pores, as a function of the second surfactant concentration. FIG. 8 illustrates penetrability of the suspensions prepared as described in examples 143 and 144. The curves were calculated within the framework of Maxwell's energy distribution model, by using formula (*)
|
['A61K31122' 'A61K31192' 'A61K31196' 'A61K31485' 'G01N3348']
|
detailed_description
|
12,352,815
|
APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS OF COMBUSTION [SEP] [abstract] An apparatus improves the efficiency and emissions of a combustion process by producing sufficient amounts of ozone in the air flow to the combustion chamber to enable more complete and cleaner combustion of the fuel. A plurality of ozone elements for producing ozone are disposed within a housing that is placed in the air intake to a combustion chamber such as a diesel engine. The ozone elements are bonded together in a cross-shaped pattern inside the housing. The apparatus includes one or more vortex scrubbers or vanes in the housing to cause the air flow to have a vortex action to increase the amount of ozone that flows into the combustion chamber. The vortex scrubbers comprise multiple double fins that are attached inside the housing. The vortex scrubbers include holes and/or serrated edges to increase the disturbance of the air flow over the ozone elements to increase ozone production. The mass of the ozone elements have a preferred ratio.
|
['F02M2704']
|
abstract
|
11,410,298
|
[summary] The present invention is made in view of the foregoing matter and it is an object of the present invention to provide a cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio controller capable of accurately learning-correcting the deviation of air-fuel ratio detecting timing of each cylinder while the engine is running. According to the controller of the present invention, a cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimating means estimates the air-fuel ratio of each cylinder based on a value detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor every air-fuel ratio detecting timings of each cylinder. The air-fuel ratio sensor is disposed in a confluent portion into which exhaust gas flows from each cylinder. A cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio control means executes a cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio control in which a fuel injection quantity of each cylinder is corrected based on the estimated air-fuel ratio to decrease a dispersion of the air-fuel ratio between cylinders. A learning means learns an appropriate value of the air-fuel ratio detecting timing or a deviation from the appropriate value. A detected timing correction means corrects the deviation of the air-fuel ratio detecting timing based on a value learned by the learning means during the cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio control. Furthermore, the learning means forcibly changes the fuel injection quantity of each cylinder during a learning period, and the learning means learns the air-fuel ratio detecting timing based on the estimated air-fuel ratio and the fuel injection quantity. The estimated air-fuel ratio and the fuel injection quantity are calculated based on the value detected by the air-fuel ratio sensor at the air-fuel ratio detecting timing at which an effect due to a change of the fuel injection quantity is arisen.
|
['F02D4114' 'G06F1700']
|
summary
|
11,330,113
|
Digitization of microfiche [SEP] [abstract] A method for automatic recovery of metadata and document structure from a microfiche presentation of documents, as part of a process for automated digitization of documents from microfiche. The method comprises scanning the cards to form a low resolution general view, identifying regions of metadata or catalog data within the microfiche representation from the microfiche general view, and performing Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on the region of metadata bearing texts to obtain the metadata. The method further teaches automatic identification of the page frames within the card by using the general view, utilizing pattern recognition.
|
['H04N140']
|
abstract
|
12,122,911
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a circuit which includes a thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as a TFT), and also relates to a manufacturing method thereof. For example, the present invention relates to an electronic appliance in which an electro-optic device typified by a liquid crystal display panel or a light-emitting display device including an organic light-emitting element is provided as a component. It is to be noted that the semiconductor device in this specification refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics, and electro-optic devices, semiconductor circuits, and electronic appliances are all semiconductor devices. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a technique for manufacturing a thin film transistor (TFT) by using a semiconductor thin film (with a thickness of from about several to several hundred nanometers) formed over a substrate having an insulating surface has attracted attention. Thin film transistors are widely applied to electronic devices such as ICs and electro-optic devices, and urgent development is expected on thin film transistors as switching elements of image display devices in particular. Among a variety of applications of such image display devices, which have been devised, application to portable appliances has particularly attracted attention. Glass substrates and quartz substrates are often used; however, they have disadvantages in that they are easily broken and they are heavy. Therefore, it has been tried to form TFT elements over a substrate which has flexibility, typically a plastic film which is flexible. Consequently, a technique has been suggested in which an element formed over a glass substrate is separated from the substrate and transferred to another base material such as a plastic film. The present applicant has suggested a separation and transfer technique in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 describes a technique in which a metal layer (Ti, Al, Ta, W, Mo, Cu, Cr, Nd, Fe, Ni, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, or Ir) is formed over a substrate and an oxide layer is stacked thereover. In this technique, when the oxide layer is formed, a metal oxide layer of the metal layer is formed at an interface between the metal layer and the oxide layer, and separation is carried out in a later step by utilizing this metal oxide layer. Patent Document 1: Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2003-174153
|
['H01L2904' 'H01L2120']
|
background
|
11,677,529
|
[claim] 46. A toy vehicle operable by a person, the toy vehicle comprising: a battery operable to provide power to electrical components of the toy vehicle; a motor operating as a drive mechanism of the toy vehicle in response to a switch controlled by a person; a throttle switch electrically coupled between the battery and the motor, and operable to provide power to the motor; and a circuit having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal being coupled to the battery and the second terminal being coupled to the motor, the circuit being operable to generate a transition signal, wherein the transition signal is based on the signal from the throttle switch. 47. The toy vehicle according to claim 46 wherein the first terminal of the circuit is coupled to a ground terminal of the battery, and wherein the second terminal is coupled to the motor. 48. The toy vehicle according to claim 46 wherein the operation of the motor is a transition from a first angular velocity to a second angular velocity. 49. The toy vehicle according to claim 48 wherein the transition from the first angular velocity to the second angular velocity is substantially linear. 50. The toy vehicle according to claim 48 wherein the transition from the first angular velocity to the second angular velocity is nonlinear 51. The toy vehicle according to claim 46 wherein said circuit includes a processor operable to execute software for producing the transition signal. 52. The toy vehicle according to claim 51 wherein the software further produces a second transition signal upon transition of the throttle switch. 53. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, wherein the transition signal causes a ramp of power to the motor. 54. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, further comprising a disable mechanism operable to disengage power from the motor. 55. The toy vehicle according to claim 54, wherein the disable mechanism is a switch. 56. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, further comprising a shift mechanism to switch between forward and reverse, and wherein the circuit is operable to remove power from the motor, generate a delay, and reinitiate the transition signal upon a transition between forward and reverse. 57. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, further comprising a mobility device coupled to the motor and operable to provide motion for the toy vehicle. 58. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, wherein the circuit is operable to generate the transition signal based on a change in the signal from the throttle switch from a first level to a second level, and wherein the circuit is operable to generate the transition signal over a significantly longer time period than a time period for the change in the throttle signal from the first level to the second level. 59. The toy vehicle according to claim 46, wherein the throttle signal is operable to induce motion via the motor in response to a throttle switch controlled by a person. 60. A toy vehicle operable by a person, said toy vehicle comprising: a battery for providing power to electrical components of the toy vehicle; a motor operating as a drive mechanism of the toy vehicle in response to a switch controlled by a person; a first switching element coupled to the motor and the battery; a second switching element coupled to the battery and operable to indicate application of power to the motor; and a circuit including: a first terminal coupled to the second switching element; a second terminal coupled to the motor; a third switching element operable to generate a signal for the motor to turn on and off; and a failsafe circuit to detect a failure of a component of the circuit and enabling the first switching element to disable said motor. 61. The system according to claim 60, wherein the third switching element includes at least one FET. 62. The system according to claim 60, wherein the circuit is operable to generate a transition signal, wherein the transition signal is based on a change in a signal from the first switching element from a first level to a second level. 63. A system for disabling a toy vehicle, configured to be operated by a person, having a battery and a motor, the system comprising: means for receiving an on/off signal indicative to turn on and off the motor; means for generating a switch signal to apply to the motor to induce motion of the toy vehicle; means for monitoring operation of the switch signal; means for determining an improper switch signal; and means for disengaging the motor from the battery upon determining an improper switch signal. 64. The system of claim 63 wherein means for determining an improper signal is operable to determine a failure of a circuit of the toy vehicle. 65. The system of claim 63 wherein means for determining an improper signal is operable to determine if the motor is operating and the on/off signal indicates the motor is to be off.
|
['A63H3000']
|
claim
|
11,549,358
|
Cosmetic container [SEP] [abstract] A cosmetic container includes: a container body including a cylindrical portion having a first open end that defines a first opening and a second open end that defines a second opening, and a funnel-shaped portion extending and reduced in cross-section from the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion and the funnel-shaped portion cooperatively defining an inner space; a plunger unit received movably in the inner space through the second opening in the cylindrical portion of the container body; and a cap covering the first opening in the cylindrical portion of the container body when operated in a non-use state, and received in the inner space through the second opening in the cylindrical portion of the container body for pushing the plunger unit toward the first open end of the cylindrical portion of the container body when operated in a state of use.
|
['G01F1100']
|
abstract
|
12,561,964
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an advertising and promotional device and method, more particularly, to a reusable and dynamic coupon card providing instant and future discounts for advertised goods or services from a plurality of businesses. 2. Description of the Prior Art In the context of marketing or advertising goods or services, manufacturers, service providers, and retailers routinely use tangible, single-use coupons that can be exchanged for a financial discount or rebate when used at the point of sale of a product or service. Although coupons are traditionally distributed through the mail, magazines, or newspapers, the use of printable coupons over the Internet and electronic coupons transmitted to mobile devices are becoming more popular and enjoying greater acceptance by consumers. Manufacturers and retailers have often encouraged the use of coupon books that contain a plurality of coupons for a variety of goods or services. Because discount coupons typically expire within a period of days, weeks, or months after issuance, they are meant to encourage quick purchase decisions by consumers. As an advertising tool, coupons help manufacturers and retailers develop brand loyalty and product awareness for future sales outside the discount period. One problem with coupons issued by conventional means is that a coupon of particular interest to a consumer is often discovered by accident. The consumer might have to wade through a multitude of printed publications to find a coupon of interest. Another problem with the typical coupon is it is usually limited to a single product or a specific group of products, and once used, is completely exhausted and of limited value as an incentive for future purchases. Because large manufacturers or retailers typically issue coupons, the decision to issue a coupon is usually encumbered by the need to consider sales goals, marketing budgets, strategic objectives, distribution channels, aesthetic appeal, and the like. Given the state of the art as described above, there is a continuing need for a coupon device that identifies a plurality of discounts from various manufactures, retailers, and service providers and provides additional incentives to consumers for future purchases. There is a further need to provide a method that provides a more nimble means to issue a discount coupon or a set of discount coupons. The present invention satisfies these needs by providing a reusable, compact, and dynamic coupon card that identifies a plurality of discounted or free products or services from various manufactures, retailers, and/or service providers. The invention as disclosed herein also provides for a coupon card that is customizable in appearance and/or discount offerings by a group or organization interested in selling the card to consumers to generate revenue. The invention herein also can be adapted as a gift card or customer appreciation gift that a retailer can purchase and give to a customer as a token of appreciation.
|
['G06Q3000' 'G06K1906']
|
background
|
12,311,109
|
[claim] 1. A sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein, which comprises: a hub bearing assembly, an electric motor, a reduction gear unit and a brake assembly, all arranged coaxially on a center axis of a vehicle drive wheel, and sensors for measuring forces acting at a point of contact of the vehicle drive wheel and a road surface in three axis directions perpendicular to each other, respectively, from the status of at least one of the hub bearing assembly, the electric motor, the reduction gear unit and the brake assembly. 2. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which the brake assembly is an electric brake assembly. 3. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which the sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein is fitted to a vehicle body structure through a suspension system having an attenuating module for attenuating a force, acting at the point of contact between the vehicle drive wheel and the road surface and then transmitting it to the vehicle body structure, which module is electrically operated to change an attenuating degree, and a module for controlling the attenuating degree of the attenuating module, an output of the sensor being inputted to the attenuating degree controlling module. 4. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which as one of sensors for measuring the respective forces acting in the three axis directions referred to above, an electric current sensor for measuring a current value of the electric motor and a calculating module operable in response to an output of the electric current sensor for calculating the force acting at the point of contact between the vehicle drive wheel and the road surface in the direction of travel of the automotive vehicle are employed. 5. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which as one of the sensors for measuring the forces acting in the three axis directions referred above, a braking force sensor is provided for measuring the braking force acting in the brake assembly in combination with a calculating module for calculating, from an output of the braking force sensor, the force acting at the point of contact between the vehicle drive wheel and the road surface in the direction of travel of the automotive vehicle. 6. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which as one of the sensors for measuring the forces acting in the three axis directions referred above, an axial strain sensor is provided for measuring the axial strain acting on a stationary raceway ring of the hub bearing assembly in combination with a calculating module for calculating, from an output of the axial strain sensor, the force acting at the point of contact between the vehicle drive wheel and the road surface in the axial direction of the vehicle drive wheel. 7. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 6, in which the axial strain sensor is fitted to the stationary raceway ring. 8. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 1, in which as one of the sensors for measuring the forces acting in the three axis directions referred above, a radial strain sensor is provided for measuring the radial strain acting on a stationary raceway ring of the hub bearing assembly in combination with a calculating module for calculating, from an output of the radial strain sensor, the force acting at the point of contact between the vehicle drive wheel and the road surface in a vertical direction. 9. The sensor equipped axle unit having an in-wheel type motor built therein as claimed in claim 8, in which the stationary raceway ring is fitted to a casing of the reduction gear unit and the radial strain sensor is fitted to the casing of the reduction gear unit.
|
['B60K700']
|
claim
|
11,744,159
|
[summary] An object of the present invention is to provide a mobile communication terminal and method of processing a key signal by which functions of both a touch-type key button and a touch wheel may be provided in one area on a touch panel. In one aspect of the present invention, a method of processing a key input in a mobile communication terminal is provided. The method includes receiving a touch on a touch panel and processing the received touch as a first input if the received touch is movement over the touch panel while maintaining the touch and processing the received touch as a second input if the received touched is a non-moving touch to a specific location on the touch panel, wherein the first input is based on the movement of the received touch and the second input is based on the specific location on the touch panel. It is contemplated that processing the received touch as the first input includes generating a first key signal and processing the received touch as the second input includes generating a second key signal. It is further contemplated that the second input corresponds to a numeral key on the touch panel. It is contemplated that processing the received touch as the first input includes at least one of moving an indicator on a display, adjusting volume of an audio signal and reproducing data. It is further contemplated that moving the indicator includes at least one of moving the indicator in a straight manner, moving the indicator in a curved manner, rotating the indicator, and replacing an existing displayed image with a new image. It is contemplated that the method further includes generating light from a light-emitting device corresponding to a position on the touch panel at which the touch is received. It is further contemplated that the method further includes adjusting a brightness of the light-emitting device according to a pressure of the received touch. It is contemplated that the method further includes generating light from a plurality of light-emitting devices if the received touched is movement over the touch panel while maintaining the touch, the light generated from the plurality of light-emitting devices in succession according to movement of the received touch. It is further contemplated that generating light from the plurality of light-emitting devices is performed according to at least one of instantaneous luminescence and delayed luminescence. It is contemplated that the method further includes processing the received touch as the first input according to an input mode. It is further contemplated that the method further includes processing the received touch as the second input according to an input mode. In another aspect of the present invention, a mobile communication terminal is provided. The mobile communication terminal includes a display unit outputting information, a touch panel receiving a touch and a control unit processing the received touch as a first input if the received touch is movement over the touch panel while maintaining the touch and processing the received touch as a second input if the received touched is a non-moving touch to a specific location on the touch panel, wherein the first input is based on the movement of the received touch and the second input is based on the specific location on the touch panel It is contemplated that an area on the touch panel for receiving the first input is overlapped with an area on the touch panel for receiving the second input. It is further contemplated that the control unit processes the first input by generating a first key signal and the control unit processes the second input by generating a second key signal. It is contemplated that the second input corresponds to a numeral key on the touch panel. It is further contemplated that the numeral key also functions as a character key. It is contemplated that the control unit processes the received touch as a first input by at least one of moving of an indicator on the display, adjusting volume of an audio signal and reproducing data. It is further contemplated that the control unit moves the indicator by at least one of a moving the indicator in a straight manner, moving the indicator in a curved manner, rotating the indicator, and replacing an existing displayed image with a new image. It is contemplated that the mobile communication terminal further includes a plurality of light-emitting devices on a lower surface of the touch panel and the control unit generates light from at least one of the plurality of light-emitting devices corresponding to a position on the touch panel at which the touch is received. It is further contemplated that the control unit adjusts a brightness of the at least one of the plurality of light-emitting devices according to a pressure of the received touch. It is contemplated that the control unit sequentially generates light from at least two of the plurality of light-emitting devices according to movement of the received touch if the received touched is movement over the touch panel while maintaining the touch. It is further contemplated that generating light from the at least two of the plurality of light-emitting devices is performed according to at least one of instantaneous luminescence and delayed luminescence. It is contemplated that the plurality of light-emitting devices are arranged in one of a circular configuration and a cross configuration. It is further contemplated that the touch panel includes a plurality of openings through which the plurality of light-emitting devices are externally exposed. It is contemplated that the control unit processes the received touch as the second input according to an input mode. It is further contemplated that the control unit processes the received touch as the first input according to an input mode. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that both the
|
['H04Q738' 'H04Q722' 'H04M342']
|
summary
|
11,396,975
|
[summary] One object of the present invention is to hinder or at least reduce the risk that dragging occurs. Furthermore, the risk of self-locking in a released condition should also be avoided or at least reduced. One part of the present invention is the understanding that the risk of dragging should not be ignored. According to the present invention the maximal inclination of the brake discs in relation to the wheel axle, is limited by the distance between each brake disc and adjacent brake pads. By such an arrangement certain benefits are achieved. In one aspect of the present invention the caliper or more precisely the brake pads are positioned to automatically reduce the inclination of the brake discs, without the risk of dragging. In another aspect of the present invention one or more disc stabilising elements are place along the circumference of the brake disc and hub or the part connected to the hub, to hinder or at least reduce possible contact between the brake disc and the hub in released condition. This will lead to small or no contact forces between the brake disc and the hub. The possible small contact forces should be small enough to not markedly influence the axial motion of the brake disc. The small or none contact forces are achieved in that the disc stabilising elements are arranged in such a way so as to control the brake disc regarding rotation and translation in its own plane in relation to the hub, when the brake is in the released condition. The number of disc stabilising elements may be one or more per brake disc. According to one embodiment of the present invention the disc stabilising elements are made of a single spring wire, which is formed to a helical spring to be received in a gap of the splines or teeth of the brake disc. At both ends of the helical spring, the spring wire is extending in opposite directions, namely radially to the brake disc. Both ends terminate in brackets in such a way so as to clamp a spline or tooth, on either side of the gap. The disc stabilising elements have effect in rotational, axial as well as radial direction.
|
['F16D5502']
|
summary
|
12,607,378
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field The present invention relates to a technology for preventing burn-in or flicker. 2. Related Art In an electro-optical apparatus using liquid crystal, a liquid crystal capacitance, in which the liquid crystal is interposed between a pixel electrode and a common electrode, is disposed at each pixel. The electro-optical apparatus is generally designed in an AC driving manner where voltages applied to the pixel electrodes are alternately changed between a high level (positive polarity) voltage and a low level (negative polarity) voltage with respect to the common electrode. In an active matrix type where the pixel electrodes are driven by a thin film transistor (hereinafter, referred to as “TFT”), a so-called field-through phenomenon (sometimes, referred to as pushdown or penetration) occurs. The field-through phenomenon is a phenomenon that, in the case of an n channel type TFT, at the time of turning off the TFT, the voltage of the pixel electrode (drain electrode) falls irrespective of the written polarity. Therefore, if the polarity reference of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is equal to that of the common electrode, the effective value of the voltage sustained in the liquid crystal capacitance varies with the positive polarity and the negative polarity, which causes the so-called burn-in or flicker. Therefore, the voltage applied to the common electrode are designed to be different from the voltage of the polarity reference so that the variance in the voltage due to the field-through phenomenon can be compensated for in advance (refer to Patent Document JP-A-11-202366). However, in a configuration where the voltage of the common electrode is maintained to be constant, since the voltage amplitude of a data signal has a coverage of from the negative polarity to the positive polarity, the data line driving circuit that supplies the data signal to a data line needs to have a voltage resistance to cope with the voltage amplitudes of the component devices, and there is a disadvantage in terms of power consumption. For this reason, well-known is a method of driving the common electrode with two values. That is, when a positive polarity voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the common electrode is designed to have a low level voltage, and when a negative polarity voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the common electrode is designed to have a high level voltage. In a case where the common electrode is driven with the two-valued voltages, in order to compensate for the field-through phenomenon, at least two video voltages, which are obtained to compensate for the change in the voltage due to the field-through phenomenon, are needed for each of the two-valued voltages of the common electrode. That is, a total of at least four voltages are needed. In this case, in a configuration where the four voltages are separately generated, if the two-valued voltages of the common electrode are changed due to some reason, the effective value of voltage sustained in the liquid crystal capacitance varies with the positive polarity and the negative polarity again.
|
['G09G500']
|
background
|
11,323,177
|
[claim] 1. A photonic bandgap fiber for propagating light having a wavelength, λ, comprising: a core; and a cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, said first plurality of high index ring-shaped regions having an average thickness, d, and an average periodicity, Λ, such that the ratio d/Λ is less than about 0.3, wherein said cladding has a normalized frequency ν=2πd(nh2−nl2)1/2/λ that is less than about π radians and said core has a wavelength transmission band larger than about 100 nm. 2. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1, wherein said high index ring-shaped region closest to said core has an average thickness, δ, less than about one-half of the average thickness, d. 3. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 1, wherein said transmission band is at least about 200 nm. 4. A photonic bandgap fiber for propagating light having a wavelength, λ, comprising: a core; and a cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, said first plurality of high index ring-shaped regions having an average thickness, d, wherein said high index ring-shaped region closest to said core forms a core cladding boundary has an average thickness, δ, so as to provide a normalized frequency ν=2πδ(nh2−nl2)1/2/λ that is less than about 1 radian. 5. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 4, wherein the width of the core is between about 10 and 15 times λ. 6. A photonic bandgap fiber having a transmission band comprising: a core larger than about 10 μm; and a cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, said first plurality of high index ring-shaped regions having an average thickness, d, and an average periodicity, Λ, such that the ratio d/Λ is less than about 0.2, wherein said fiber has a dispersion between about −50 to 50 ps/nm/km over at least about 100 nm of said transmission band. 7. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 6, wherein said dispersion is between about −20 to 20 ps/nm/km. 8. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 6, wherein said high index ring-shaped region closest to said core has an average thickness, δ, less than about three-fourths of the maximum thickness, d. 9. A photonic bandgap fiber having a transmission band comprising: a core; and a cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, said first plurality of high index ring-shaped regions having an average thickness, d, and an average periodicity, Λ, such that the ratio d/Λ is less than about 0.2, said high index ring-shaped region closest to said core having a thickness, δ, larger than about 1.1 times the average thickness, d, wherein said fiber has a dispersion below about −50 ps/nm/km over at least about 20 nm of the transmission band. 10. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 9, wherein said dispersion is less than about −100 ps/nm/km. 11. A photonic bandgap fiber for propagating light having a wavelength, λ, comprising: a core; and a cladding disposed about said core, said cladding comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, wherein said high index ring-shaped region has an average thickness, d, such that the fiber has a transmission loss of less than about 100 dB/km at a wavelength corresponding to a normalized frequency ν=2πd(nh2−nl2)1/2/λ between about (a) 0.55π to 0.85π, (b) 1.05π to 1.75π, or (c) 2.4π to 2.7π. 12. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 11, wherein the transmission loss is less than about 1.5 dB/km. 13. A photonic bandgap fiber having a transmission band comprising: a core; and a cladding disposed about said core comprising a first plurality of ring-shaped regions defined by high index material having an index of refraction, nh, and a second plurality of ring-shaped regions having a low index of refraction, nl, said first plurality of high index ring-shaped regions having an average thickness, d, wherein said high index ring-shaped region closest to said core has a thickness, δ, between about 0.1 to 5 times the maximum thickness, d, such that said fiber has zero dispersion at a tailored wavelength. 14. The photonic bandgap fiber of any of claims 1, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 13, wherein said high index ring-shaped regions comprise annular regions of said high refractive index material and said low index ring-shaped regions comprise annular regions of a low refractive index material. 15. The photonic bandgap fiber any of claims 1, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 13, wherein said high index ring-shaped regions comprise annular regions of said high index material spaced apart by spacers to define said low refractive index regions therebetween. 16. The photonic bandgap fiber any of claims 1, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 13, said low index ring-shaped regions each comprise a plurality of separate low index microstructures arranged in a substantially ring-shaped pattern. 17. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 16, wherein said low index microstructures are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. 18. The photonic bandgap fiber of claim 16, wherein said low index microstructures are arranged in a circular pattern. 20. The photonic bandgap fiber of any of claims 1, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 13, wherein the high index ring-shaped regions have substantially the same thickness. 21. The photonic bandgap fiber
|
['G02B6036' 'G02B602' 'H01J4702' 'H01J4708' 'G01T118' 'H01J4706'
'G01N33497' 'G01N2902' 'G01N2700' 'G01N1910' 'G01N2500']
|
claim
|
12,440,176
|
[description] The creamer compositions of the present invention have been found to provide improved mouthfeel to beverages of any kind. In the context of the present invention, the term “mouthfeel” denotes “creaminess”, “richness”, “body”, “complexity”, “body-richness” and “thickness”, without “sliminess” or “stringiness”. As used herein, the terms “instant beverage” and “soluble beverage” are used interchangeably to refer to beverage products, such as instant or soluble coffee products, that are relatively soluble in water, especially hot water, and are typically mixed with a liquid base such as an aqueous liquid or diluent, i.e., water, milk or other aqueous medium, to provide a ready-to-serve or ready-to-drink beverage. These products are sold to the consumer by the manufacturer in a dry mix, powder, concentrate, or emulsion form and are prepared by the consumer, according to directions or according to personal taste, at or near the time of serving and/or consumption. According to the present invention, the creamer composition comprises a mixture of phospholipids. The main component of the mixture of phospholipids is phosphatidyl-choline (lecithin). The term “lecithin” includes conventional lecithins, acetylated lecithins and other suitable lecithin or lecithin-like compounds. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture of phospholipids further contains at least one phospholipid selected from phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanol-amine, phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine. The mixture of phospholipids usually further contains minor amounts of glycolipids such as digalactosyldi-glycerides (DD), sterylglucosides (SG), and steryl-glucoside esters (SGE). In principle, the amount of glycolipids in the mixture of phospholipids does not exceed 20%. The mixture of phospholipids may be derived from highly purified phospholipids preparations, as well as from mixtures, which are generally used in food industry and confectionery industry. Examples thereof are defatted lecithins, either in fluids (in fat) or in powdered or pasty (defatted) forms and those, which are lecithins in fat, i.e. the phospholipids are dissolved in fat. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the creamer composition comprises a mixture of phospholipids containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphati- dylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine. It has been shown that a superior mouthfeel can be achieved when the amount of phosphatidylcholine in the mixture is in a range of 20 to 60% based on the total mixture. According to the invention, there are no restrictions as to the source of the phospholipids. They may be selected from animal or plant sources. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phospholipids are derived from soy. The creamer composition of the present invention may also contain other ingredients such as fat, protein, sugar and buffer salts. The role of fat is related to whitening and aroma but, usually, its influence on texture is limited to contributing to the fatty or smooth sensation. Whitening and aroma are related to fat globule size. In principle any fat may be used in the creamer composition, i.e. animal or vegetable fat. Preferably, a vegetable fat is preferred, an example therefore is hydrogenated palm kernel oil. Alternatively, soy oil or sunflower oil may be used. The fat added is related to the amount of phospholipids. The fat to phospholipid ratio is preferably between 0 and 30, such as e.g. between 10 and 20. Usually, a low amount of protein is necessary to stabilize the creamer composition by stabilizing the oil-water surface. Usually, the amount of the protein is between 5% and 10% of the fat content. Preferably, sodium or calcium caseinate is used as a suitable stabilizing protein. The creamer composition of the present invention may also contain a sugar component. In principle, a sugar being less sweet is preferred. Sweeteners useful include natural and artificial sweeteners. A preferred natural sweetener is maltodextrin having a relatively low dextrose equivalent. Maltodextrin DE21 has been shown to be preferred. The amount of sugar may be varied. Typically, the sugar may be present in an amount of 10 to 70%, preferably 30 to 60%, based on the creamer composition. Usually, the creamer composition also comprises a combination of buffer salts to stabilize the entire compositions. Examples of suitable buffer salts are alkali metal phosphates such as potassium/sodium phosphate and sodium/potassium hexametaphosphate. Further, citrate salts may be used as complexing agents. In addition, silikoaluminates may be used. The amount of the buffer salts should be no more than 10% based on the creamer composition. The creamer composition of the present invention can be provided as a non-dairy creamer or dairy creamer. The non-dairy creamer is free of milk components. The dairy creamer composition usually contains milk powder such as e.g. skimmed milk powder (SMP) and/or sweet butter milk powder. Typically, the content of the milk powder in the creamer composition does not exceed 50%. If appropriate, the creamer composition of the present invention may contain a foaming agent. Suitable foaming agents are, for example, an edible water-soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt that evolves carbon dioxide when it reacts with an acid component contained in the composition. In addition, water is usually added to the creamer composition in a low amount. Generally, water is present in an amount of 1 to 10% based on the whole creamer composition. It has been surprisingly shown that the phospholipids contained in the creamer composition of the present invention improve the mouthfeel, especially body, smoothness and mouthcoating while reducing astringency. In particular, the phospholipids used are suitable for non-dairy applications which meet the today's requirements. In particular, people who do not tolerate lactose can suitably consume the non-dairy creamer composition of the present invention to cream/whiten their coffee or tea. The creamer composition of the present invention shows an excellent creaming effect with low levels added. Usually, 0.1 to 0.3 g/100 ml of beverage is sufficient to provide superior mouthfeel. The amount will depend on personal taste and the type and composition of the phospholipids which have been used. Effects of the phospholipids can be found when adding them to a final amount of between 0.01-10 g/100 ml. The creamer composition of the present invention is prepared by mixing the desired ingredients, heating, homogenization, pasteurization and optionally drying. The extend to
|
['A23C1102' 'A23F340' 'A23L103' 'A23L119' 'A23F546' 'A23L238' 'C12G306'
'A23P116']
|
detailed_description
|
11,964,463
|
[invention] Many portable electronic devices utilize a portable, self contained, power source such as a battery to provide the necessary operating current and voltage when the device is not connected to a more permanent power source such as an electrical outlet. Frequently the battery is a rechargeable type that may be characterized, for example, as a nickel cadmium, lithium ion or lead acid type. Many different methods have been utilized to recharge such batteries while the battery resides within the parent portable device. In generic environments, a pair of copper wires is used to charge the battery. The leads of the charging wire are usually covered with an insulating layer and therefore unexposed. The leads make contact with the battery within the device when the leads are secured to a suitable terminal strip or socket mounted on the device. In other environments a dock or socket based charging system, utilizing exposed electrical contacts, is employed. When a docking station is used, the device can be charged relatively quickly by placing the device directly on the contacts of the charging portion of the docking station. In a clinical environment exposed charging contacts are usually desirable because the contacts can then be easily accessed for cleaning. However, the potential danger of exposed contacts in a clinical environment is substantial and thus there are many safety requirements that must be satisfied regarding patient isolation as well as the magnitude of any exposed voltages. In response to these regulatory and safety concerns, charging systems sometimes utilize a second set of contacts to detect that a device is properly docked before supplying the battery charging voltage. However, two sets of contacts are inherently undesirable because it increases the expense and opportunity for failure and there may not be enough room for them. In addition, some method is desired to confirm that a portable instrument is properly docked within the station and to permit the efficient transfer of electrical power to the portable instrument without regard to the supply voltage polarity. An electronic device identification system constructed according to the principles of the present invention addresses these deficiencies and related problems.
|
['H02J700']
|
background
|
11,337,528
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inverter apparatus used for generating a three-phase AC voltage from a DC voltage, and more particularly, to an inverter apparatus suitable for battery vehicles, such as battery forklifts. 2. Description of the Related Art One of requirements imposed on the inverter apparatus is that the inverter apparatus is designed to support various specifications required by users. One approach for satisfying such a requirement is to adopt module-based design. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. Jp-A-Heisei 10-93220 discloses an inverter apparatus adopting module-based design, more specifically, an inverter apparatus in which component parts are optimally distributed to an insulated metal substrate and a printed circuit board. The inverter apparatus disclosed in this application incorporates power transistors on the insulated metal substrate, and control components and driving components on the printed circuit board. In addition to the requirement described above, there are still other requirements imposed on the inverter apparatus adopting module-based design. Additional requirements imposed on the inverter apparatus are as follows: (1) Improvement in Mechanical Strength, Including Vibration Resistance The improvement in the mechanical strength, especially vibration resistance, is an important requirement imposed on the inverter apparatus mounted on battery vehicles. Components within the inverter apparatus mounted on the battery vehicle, such as cables, interconnections, circuit boards, electronic devices, and structural members, are subject to strong mechanical vibration. It is especially important that high current interconnections, such as bus bars, are designed to be resistant to mechanical vibration within the inverter apparatus. (2) Optimization of Electrical Connections Between Insulated Metal Substrates and Printed Circuit Board The electrical connections between the insulated metal substrates and the printed circuit board have influences on noise resistance. In addition, when the printed circuit board is provided with power supply and ground patterns that maintain a DC power supply voltage, and electrolytic capacitors connected therebetween, the optimization of the electrical connections between the insulated metal substrates and the printed circuit board have influences on the ratio of the printed circuit board occupied by the power supply and ground patterns. Forming wide power supply and/or ground patterns on the printed circuit board is effective for improving the noise resistance and for stabilizing the DC power supply voltage. (3) Three-Phase Symmetry in Circuit Layout In order to achieve improved uniformity among U-phase, V-phase and W-phase currents, it is preferable that internal circuits within the inverter apparatus be arranged in symmetry with respect to the U-, V-, and W-phases. (4) Prevention of Current Concentration on Specific Power Transistors Power transistors may be connected in parallel within an inverter output stage when the inverter apparatus is designed to generate large output currents. In this case, it is preferable that uniform currents flow through the power transistors connected in parallel. Current concentration on specific power transistors is not preferable, since this may lead to damage to the specific power transistors. These requirements are all desired to be satisfied under limitations on the volume of the inverter apparatus. For example, it is not preferable that the area occupied by the inverter output stage is increased in order to achieve improved uniformity of the currents though the power transistors. As far as the inventors know, no solution has been provided for the architecture of an inverter apparatus that satisfies these requirements on a practical level.
|
['H02P500' 'H02P100' 'H02P300']
|
background
|
11,424,429
|
[invention] Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the mitochondria, can damage all classes of cellular components; lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Damaged cellular components inhibit the normal function of the cell and are associated with numerous pathological conditions. Unsaturated lipids are a major component of cellular membranes and are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. ROS species act on unsaturated lipids to yield reactive unsaturated aldehydes. These aldehydes can react with other cellular components, such as membrane bound or associated proteins and nucleic acids, thereby crosslinking them to the lipid. These reactions can greatly inhibit the function of membrane proteins and disturb membrane fluidity. In particular cross linked ETC complexes within mitochondrial membranes will inhibit mitochondrial function. Oxidized lipids are frequently identified by presence of lipid peroxides. Proteins are also vulnerable to oxidation damage. In particular proteins containing sulflhydryl groups and iron-sulfur clusters are vulnerable to attack by ROS. For example, ROS attack on mitochondrial aconitase will cause release of the iron from the protein and inactivation of the enzyme. The released iron will also become available to generate hydroxyl radicals from superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, ROS attack on proteins can lead to crosslinking with lipids, nucleic acids and other proteins, thereby inhibiting a variety of cellular processes. Oxidized proteins are frequently identified by presence of protein carbonyls. Nucleic acids are also vulnerable to ROS resulting in many forms of oxidized bases and DNA adducts. Such damaged bases can lead to decreased expression of damaged genes as well as mutations. Oxidized nucleic acids are frequently identified by presence of oxidized bases, such as 8-oxo-guanine. Given the fundamental nature of mitochondrial function and protection from oxidative damage, there exists a need to improve electron transport efficiency and lower oxidative damage. In particular there is a need to reduce generation of reactive oxygen species with safe and effective treatment. It is the novel insight of the inventor that ingestion of medium chain triglycerides will meet this need.
|
['A61K31714' 'A61K3159' 'A61K31525' 'A61K3151' 'A61K314415' 'A61K31455'
'A61K314188']
|
background
|
11,454,220
|
[claim] 1. A method for communicating data over a network to provide quality of service, the method including: receiving data over a network; prioritizing the data by assigning a priority to the data, including sequencing the data based at least in part on a user defined rule; and communicating the data based at least in part on the priority of the data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the data includes a block of data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the block of data includes at least one of a cell, a frame, a packet, and a stream. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the priority of the data includes one or more of a type of data, a category of data, and a group of data. 5. The method of claim 1, further including the step of receiving data at a node on the edge of a network. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the receiving step includes receiving the data at least in part from an application program. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is sequenced based at least in part on at least one of starvation, round robin, and relative frequency. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the prioritizing step includes differentiating the data. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the data is differentiated based at least in part on message content. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the data is differentiated based at least in part on protocol information. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the data is differentiated based at least in part on a user defined rule. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating step includes passing the data at least in part to an application program. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequencing step is transparent to an application program. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is prioritized to provide quality of service. 15. A system for communicating data, the system including: a data prioritization component adapted to prioritize data by assigning a priority to the data, wherein the prioritization component includes a sequencing component adapted to sequence the data based at least in part on a user defined rule; and a data communication component adapted to communicate the data based at least in part on the priority of the data. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the data prioritization component includes a differentiation component adapted to differentiate the data. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the data prioritization component includes a data organization component adapted to organize the data based at least in part on the priority of the data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the data organization component includes a data structure. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the data structure includes at least one of a queue, a tree, a table, and a list. 20. A computer-readable medium including a set of instructions for execution on a computer, the set of instructions including: a data prioritization routine configured to prioritize data by assigning a priority to the data, wherein the data prioritization routine includes a sequencing routine configured to sequence the data based at least in part on a user defined rule; and a data communications routine configured to communicate the data based at least in part on the priority of the data.
|
['H04J116' 'H04L1256']
|
claim
|
11,600,782
|
[description] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an information processing system according to the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a rough structure of a host 10, and the structure of an I/O card 20a as a card 20; FIGS. 3A and 3B are a flowchart useful in explaining the operation of the host 10, focusing on its card initialization process; FIG. 4 is a view showing the relationship between a command output from the host 10 to the card 20, a response output from the card 20 to the host 10, and a CLK signal; FIG. 5 is a block diagram useful in explaining download of a device driver from the I/O card 20a to the host 10; FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an example of a relationship between each operation mode employed in an I/O interface mode, and signal assignment; FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an essential part of a card interface 11 for realizing each operation mode; and FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a structure in which a master 15 is incorporated in the host 10.
|
['H05K710']
|
detailed_description
|
12,268,505
|
[summary] As one of plane light source apparatus, an apparatus is in related art known wherein a white LED (light emitting diode) is used for the plurality of point light sources. Preferably, illumination light to be emitted from a plane light source is ideally white light. However, actual plane light source apparatus have individual differences in chromaticity, but do not emit completely white light but emit somewhat colored light. A dispersion in chromaticity of such plane light source apparatus as just described arises principally from a fabrication dispersion of white LEDs used for the point light sources. A white LED is basically formed from an LED chip for emitting blue light and a phosphor for obtaining yellow light. However, the emission light spectrum of the blue chip and the amount of the yellow phosphor which has a relationship of complementary colors have a dispersion. Such dispersion factors cannot be avoided in mass production. Accordingly, white LEDs supplied to the market do not make an ideal white light source, but white LEDs whose chromaticity is distributed within a standard chromaticity range permitted in advance are supplied. If white LEDs having a dispersion in chromaticity and supplied to the market are used as they are for point light sources of a plane light source apparatus, then the chromaticity disperses among individual plane light source apparatus and hence among individual liquid crystal display apparatus. This makes a subject to be solved. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a plane light source apparatus which is improved in chromaticity against a dispersion. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a plane light source apparatus includes a light guide plate having a flat face portion and an end face portion, and a plurality of point light sources disposed in an opposing relationship to the end face portion of the light guide plate, the light guide plate being operable to mix light from the point light sources incoming from the end face portion thereof and emit the mixed light as illumination light from the flat face portion thereof, the point light sources being a combination of point light sources having chromaticities different from each other within a predetermined standard chromaticity range, the light guide plate mixing light from the point light sources which have the different chromaticities from each other so that the chromaticity of the resulting illumination light fits into a target chromaticity range which is narrower than the standard chromaticity range. Preferably, the point light sources are a combination of point light sources which have a chromaticity difference given by Δx>0.01 and Δy>0.01 on an XY chromaticity coordinate system which represents the standard chromaticity range. Preferably, the plane light source apparatus further includes a plurality of current sources configured to individually supply current to the point light sources so as to emit light, the current sources being capable of adjusting the amounts of current to be supplied to the point light sources to vary the mixture ratio of the light to be emitted from the point light sources thereby to adjust the chromaticity of the resulting illumination light. In this instance, the point light sources may be white LEDs whose emission light amounts vary in response to the amounts of current supplied from the current sources. In the plane light source apparatus, the point light sources having chromaticities different from each other within the predetermined standard chromaticity range are incorporated in combination. The light guide plate can mix light from the point light sources having chromaticities different from each other so that the chromaticity of the resulting illumination light can fit into the target chromaticity range which is narrower than the standard chromaticity range. In this manner, the plane light source has the target chromaticity range which is narrower than the standard chromaticity range of the point light sources. Therefore, the plane light source apparatus can radiate white illumination light suitable as a backlight for a liquid crystal display apparatus. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a plane line source comprising a light guide plate having a flat face portion and an end face portion, a plurality of point light sources disposed in an opposing relationship to the end face portion of the light guide plate, and a plurality of current sources configured to individually supply current to the point light sources so as to emit light, the light guide plate being operable to mix light from the point light sources incoming from the end face portion thereof and emit the mixed light as illumination light from the flat face portion thereof, the point light sources being a combination of point light sources having chromaticities different from each other within a predetermined standard chromaticity range, the current sources being capable of adjusting the amounts of current to be supplied to the point light sources to vary the mixture ratio of the light to be emitted from the point light sources so that the chromaticity of the resulting illumination light fits into a target chromaticity range which is narrower than the standard chromaticity range. Preferably, the current sources adjust the amounts of current to be supplied to the point light sources relative to each other while the total value of the amounts of current to be supplied to the point light sources is kept fixed. The point light sources may be white LEDS whose emission light amounts vary in response to the amounts of current supplied from the current sources. In the plane light source apparatus, the point light sources having chromaticities different from each other within the predetermined standard chromaticity range are used in combination. The current sources incorporated in the plane light source apparatus adjust the amounts of current to be supplied to the point light sources to vary the mixture ratio of light emitted from the point light sources so that the chromaticity of the resulting illumination light can fit into the target chromaticity range which is narrower than the standard chromaticity range. By the
|
['G02F113357' 'F21V800']
|
summary
|
11,366,519
|
[description] FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an electromechanical motor 1 operating via a multitude of electromechanical actuating portions 10 of an electromechanical actuator 2. The actuating portions 10 are extending by a generally elongated shape from a back portion 3. An interaction surface 5 of a body to be moved 4, is arranged in mechanical contact with the electromechanical actuator 2. Typically, the body to be moved 4 and the electromechanical actuator 2 are kept in contact by spring means (not shown). Control electronics 30 is connected to the electromechanical actuator 2 for supplying electrical signals that is used to activate electromechanically active material within the actuating portions 10. The actuating portions 10 are arranged as bimorphs, attached by a first end 6 to a first side 8 of the back portion 3 and positioned parallel to each other one after the other in a first direction 15 The actuating portions are placed at a small distance with respect to each other, leaving at least a small slit 21 in-between. The slit 21 is typically non-filled, but may in special applications be filled with a soft material not restricting any motion of the actuating portions 10 in any substantial degree. The actuating portions 10 and the back portion 3 are manufactured as one single integrated body. The bimorphs are arranged to provide movements of the second end 7, i.e. the actuating portion tip, along the first direction 15 and along the extension 17 of the actuating portion 10. The body to be moved 4 can thereby be given a motion in the first direction 15 relative to the electromechanical actuator 2. The electromechanical actuator 2 performs “steps” with its “legs” constituted by the actuating portions 10. FIG. 2A illustrates schematically the seriousness of the zones of non-activatible material in prior art actuating portions 10. A cross section along the extension of a typical actuating portion 10 is shown. In this example, internal electrodes 12 are provided side by side in two sections 14, in order to form a bimorph structure of actuating portion 10. A “dead” zone 16 appears in the middle of the actuating portion 10, and other “dead” zones 18, 19 appear in the vicinity of the side surfaces 20 of the actuating portion 10. These “dead” zones are volumes of electromechanical material, e.g. piezoceramic material, which cannot be excited or activated by use of the internal electrodes 12. The distance d from the side surface to the outermost part of the internal electrodes is typically determined by manufacturing requirements. In a typical actuator, the electrodes and electromechanical material are provided using screen print techniques. Such patterning can provide structures within the plane down to typically 150-200 μm, i.e. a minimum thickness of the dead zones 16, 18, 19 is typically in the order of 150-200 μm. In FIG. 2B, voltages are provided across the internal electrodes 12. The voltages are applied in such a manner that the thickness of the electromechanical material 22 between the internal electrodes 12 at right side is forced to expand, whereas the thickness of the electromechanical material 24 between the internal electrodes 12 at left side is reduced. This causes a tilting of the entire actuating portion 10 that can be used for creating motions. This bilayer arrangement, i.e. a bimorph, is advantageous in small motors since the bending movement is magnified in relation the shape change of the material. A similar effect is achieved when voltage are applied so that only one side of the bilayer changes shape. However, in order to allow a tip of the actuating portions 10 to move along the surface of the body to be moved as well as along the extension of the actuating portions 10, both bilayer sides have to present shape changes. The tilting is extremely exaggerated in the figure to better illustrate the discussed effects. The dead zones 16, 18, 19 do not contribute to the tilting. At the contrary, they counteract the tilting. The dead zones 18, 19 in the vicinity of the sides 20 are either compressed or stretched. When e.g. a piezoelectric material is exposed for compressing or stretching forces, an internal voltage is built up in the material that counteracts the compressing or stretching forces, illustrated by the arrows 26 and 27, respectively. Mechanically this is described with a higher elastic modulus for the material that has no internal electrodes with a controlled voltage. These forces therefore act in the opposite direction to the forces created by the applied voltage. Furthermore, since the dead zones 18, 19 in the vicinity of the sides 20 are positioned at a distance D from the symmetry line 28 of the actuating portion 10, the counter-tilting effect will be larger than the tilting effect of an active volume of corresponding width d. This is due to that the strain maximum will be in the dead zones 18, 19. The position of the dead zones 18 and 19 are therefore the worst possible. The dead zone 16 in the middle of the actuating portion 10 does also counteract the tilting. However, the position of the dead zone 16 at the symmetry line 28 makes the influence of this dead zone 16 almost negligible. The extra power required for overcoming the counteracting function of the dead zones will be emitted as additional heat within the actuating portion 10, giving rise to heat problems. In order to make the tilting more efficient, the active sections 22, 24 of the actuating portion 10 have to be provided closer to the sides 20. With present manufacturing techniques, the width d is in the order of 150-200 μm, whereas the distance D in a small motor may be in the order of 1-2 mm. Simple estimations give that the efficiency in many cases may be reduced by 50% or even more. FIG. 2C illustrates a similar case, where the internal electrodes 12 instead are provided along the actuating portion 10. Also here, there has to be dead zones provided close
|
['H01L4100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,273,273
|
STRUCTURE OF TRANSFORMER [SEP] [abstract] A transformer includes a first bobbin piece, a second bobbin piece, a first pin, a second pin and a magnetic core assembly. The first bobbin piece has a first channel therein and a covering element, and a primary winding coil is wound on the first bobbin piece. The second bobbin piece includes a first secondary side plate, a second secondary side plate, a plurality of partition plates, a wall portion, and a secondary base, and a secondary winding coil is wound on the second bobbin piece. The second pin includes a wire-arranging part, an insertion part and an intermediate part, wherein the wire-arranging part is protruded from the second secondary side plate, the intermediate part is buried in the wall portion, and the insertion part is protruded from the bottom surface of the secondary base. The magnetic core assembly is partially embedded within said first channel of said first bobbin piece and said second channel of said second bobbin piece. A first terminal of the secondary winding coil is fixed on the first pin and a second terminal of the secondary winding coil is fixed on the wire-arranging part of the second pin. At least parts of the second bobbin piece are received in the covering element of the first bobbin piece, and the covering element has an insulating partition for isolating the magnetic core assembly from the primary winding coil and the secondary winding coil.
|
['H01F2702']
|
abstract
|
12,365,661
|
[summary] In case wherein the oil pump is employed in a motor vehicle, the first outlet port of the oil pump is connected to a first hydraulic circuit to discharge a hydraulic pressure for lubricating and cooling various elements of the engine (or transmission) and the second outlet port of the oil pump is connected to a second hydraulic circuit to discharge a hydraulic pressure for driving hydraulically operated actuating devices. In this case, the followings are important. That is, in the first hydraulic circuit, feeding a pressure stable hydraulic fluid is constantly needed, and in the second hydraulic circuit, feeding a high pressure fluid is needed only when the hydraulically operated actuating devices are actually operated. However, in the above-mentioned known oil pump, the fluid discharge rate is substantially proportional to the rotation speed of the oil pump. Thus, when the second hydraulic circuit connected to the second outlet port of the oil pump needs a fluid introducing rate that is higher than that needed by the first hydraulic circuit connected to the first outlet port, it is inevitably necessary to increase the rotation speed of the oil pump with the aid of an electric motor or the like. However, under such condition, the hydraulic pressure or fluid discharge rate of the hydraulic fluid discharged from the first outlet port is wastefully increased, which brings about a useless work of the oil pump even though the work of the oil pump satisfies the fluid feeding to the second hydraulic circuit. Even when the seal land portion is set at an optimum position for minimizing the wasteful work of the oil pump, energization of the electric motor for increasing the rotation speed of the oil pump brings about useless consumption of electric power. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an oil pump which is free of the above-mentioned drawbacks. According to the present invention, there is provided an oil pump that is constructed to reduce a wasteful pumping work as small as possible. According to the present invention, there is provided an oil pump that comprises a fluid outlet portion that includes a plurality of outlet ports and a discharge rate varying mechanism that varies the fluid discharge rate of each of the outlet ports, so that the fluid discharging ratio between the outlet ports is also varied. In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oil pump which comprises a fluid inlet portion for introducing a hydraulic fluid; a fluid outlet portion for discharging the hydraulic fluid, the fluid outlet portion including a plurality of outlet ports; a drive shaft that rotates about an axis thereof; a plurality of volume variable pump chambers arranged about the drive shaft and rotated by the same, the pump chambers being arranged between the fluid inlet portion and the fluid outlet portion for compressing the hydraulic fluid from the fluid inlet portion before discharging the same from the fluid outlet portion, the pump chambers being exposed to the outlet ports separately one after another when the pump chambers are rotated by the drive shaft; and a discharge rate varying mechanism that varies a fluid discharge rate of each of the outlet ports by varying the amount of the fluid led to the outlet ports. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oil pump which comprises a fluid inlet portion for introducing a hydraulic fluid; a fluid outlet portion for discharging the hydraulic fluid, the fluid outlet portion including a plurality of outlet ports; a drive shaft that rotates about an axis thereof; a plurality of volume variable pump chambers arranged about the drive shaft and rotated by the same, the pump chambers being arranged between the fluid inlet portion and the fluid outlet portion for compressing the hydraulic fluid from the fluid inlet portion before discharging the same from the fluid outlet portion, the pump chambers being exposed to the outlet ports separately one after another when the pump chambers are rotated by the drive shaft, each outlet port extending in a circumferential direction around the axis of the drive shaft; and a discharge rate varying mechanism that varies an actual open range of each of the outlet ports relative to the pump chambers thereby to vary a fluid discharge rate of each outlet port. In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oil pump which comprises an inner rotor rotated by a drive shaft; an outer rotor rotatably disposed around the inner rotor keeping an eccentricity relative to the inner rotor; a plurality of volume variable pump chambers defined between the inner and outer rotors when the inner and outer rotors make a relative rotation; a fluid inlet portion exposed to a circumferential range that induces increase in volume of each pump chamber when the inner and outer rotors make the relative rotation; a fluid outlet portion exposed to a circumferential range that induces decrease in volume of each pump chamber when the inner and outer rotors make the relative rotation; and a discharge rate varying mechanism that varies a degree of the eccentricity of the outer rotor relative to the inner rotor.
|
['F04B3504']
|
summary
|
11,315,078
|
[claim] 1. A hinge assembly for mounting a shutter onto a vertical wall, the assembly comprising: two or more pintel hinges, each comprising a pintel having an upper end and a lower end, where the lower end is affixed to a base for attachment to the wall; one or more right-hand L-hinge; and one or more left-hand L-hinge, wherein each L-hinge comprises a socket to mate with a pintel to form a hinged connection and a strap for attachment to the shutter, and wherein the strap of each right-hand L-hinge comprises a first section joined at one end to an end of a second section at a right angle, and wherein the second section has a third section that extends at a right angle from the second section in a direction opposite the first section and which is connected to the socket so that the center axis of the socket is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second section, and wherein each left-hand L-hinge is a mirror image of each of the right-hand L-hinges. 2. The hinge assembly according to claim 1, wherein the base comprises a plate having a flat surface to mate with the wall and an arm extending from the plate opposite the flat surface and ending in a boss into which the lower end of the pintel is mounted so that the pintel is spaced away from the plate and is vertical when the plate is attached to the wall, the boss having a horizontal weight bearing surface at the mounted end of the pintel to support the socket of an L-hinge, which, when mated with the pintel, forms a hinged attachment between the pintel hinge and the L-hinge. 3. The hinge assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first section and the second section of the strap of each right-hand L-hinge are thin relative to their widths and the center axis of the socket is offset from the plane of the strap so that one side of the strap of each L-hinge fits substantially flush against a flat surface. 4. The hinge assembly according to claim 3, wherein the first section, second section, and third section of the strap of each right-hand L-hinge are unitary. 5. The hinge assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first section and the second section of each strap have holes therethrough for attaching the strap to the shutter. 6. The hinge assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pintels are steel and the bases and L-hinges are an aluminum alloy. 7. The hinge assembly according to claim 6, wherein the steel and the aluminum alloy are resistant to environmental corrosion and to galvanic corrosion. 8. The hinge assembly according to claim 6, wherein the pintels are 18/8 stainless steel and the bases and L-hinges are cast LM5 aluminum alloy. 9. The hinge assembly according to claim 2, wherein each pintel has a snap-ring groove to accept a snap ring or a hairpin clip, where the groove is located on the pintel near the top end to be above the socket of the L-hinge when the socket is mated with the pintel. 10. The hinge assembly according to claim 9, wherein the groove is fitted with a hairpin clip to retain the socket on the pintel. 11. The hinge assembly according to claim 2, further comprising a resilient gasket between the flat surface of the base and the wall to which each pintel hinge is mounted. 12. The hinge assembly according to claim 11, wherein the resilient gasket is neoprene rubber of a thickness of between about 1 mm and 4 mm. 13. The hinge assembly according to claim 12, wherein the neoprene rubber is of a thickness of between about 2 mm and 3 mm. 14. The hinge assembly according to claim 2, wherein each pintel is affixed to the pintel hinge by press fit, welding, threaded fit, or cast in place. 15. The hinge assembly according to claim 2, having a resilient washer between the horizontal weight bearing surface of each pintel hinge and the socket of the L-hinge to which it is mated. 16. The hinge assembly according to claim 2, having a resilient bushing between each pintel and the socket of the L-hinge to which it is mated. 17. The hinge assembly according to claim 3, wherein the two or more pintel hinges comprise two pintel hinges, and wherein the one or more right-hand L-hinge comprises one right-hand L-hinge and the one or more left-hand L-hinge comprises one left-hand L-hinge. 18. The hinge assembly according to claim 17, wherein the two L-hinges are attached to a shutter having a front and a back, two side rails, a top panel and a bottom panel so that the first section of the strap of each L-hinge lies along the front of a separate end panel, the second section of the strap of each L-hinge lies along the front of the same side rail, and the third section of the strap and the socket of each L-hinge extend past the side of the rail, where the two L-hinges are located with the first sections closer to the ends of the shutter and the second sections closer to the center of the shutter and where the substantially flat side of both L-hinges face the same direction. 19. The hinge assembly according to claim 18, wherein the center line of the socket is offset away from the plane of the shutter. 20. The hinge assembly according to claim 18, wherein the center line of the socket is offset toward the plane of the shutter. 21. The hinge assembly according to claim 18, comprising a first and a second shutter with L-hinges mounted thereon, wherein the L-hinges are mounted on the left rail of the first shutter and on the right rail of the second shutter. 22. The hinge assembly according to claim 21, wherein the socket of each L-hinge is mated with the pintel of a pintel hinge, and wherein the
|
['E05D710']
|
claim
|
10,578,502
|
Method, system and computer program product for determining the cell area of a base station by taking into account pixel of territory specific quantity of traffic, and network planned using this method [SEP] [abstract] A method for planning a telecommunication network for radio apparatuses includes a plurality of cells distributed over a geographical area, each of which has a set of elementary areas of territory called pixels adapted to receive a radio signal irradiated by a fixed radio base station in which for each cell is determined a service area of the location of the pixels of the cell in which the network is able to provide predetermined services to the mobile apparatuses located therein. The pixels belonging to the service area pertaining to a predetermined cell are identified according to a criterion for selection in succession based on the values of a sorting function, which is a function of the quantity of traffic pertaining to the pixels being examined, and the resulting service area is computed as a set of the pixels of the cell progressively selected in a manner that the sum of the contributions of the individual pixel does not exceed a predetermined limit value of the load factor of the cell. A computing system and a computing program or group of programs executable by the system and adapted to implement the method.
|
['H04Q720']
|
abstract
|
11,173,649
|
[description] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 for the exploded view of the invention, schematic view of assembling the invention, the perspective view of the invention and cross-sectional view of section A-A as depicted in FIG. 3 respectively, an improved knife structure comprises a main body 1, a ceramic knife body 2 and two side panels 3, 3a, that can make the knife wear-resisting, easy to produce in mass quantity and have the effect of lowering costs. The main body 1 is made of stainless steel or plastic steel, and has a plurality of connecting sections 11 disposed on an edge of the main body 1, and a holding section 12 is disposed at a distal end of the main body 1. The ceramic knife body 2 has a plurality of connected sections 21 disposed on an edge of the ceramic knife body 2 and coupled to the corresponding connection sections 11 of the main body 1, and the ceramic knife body 2 has a blade section 22 disposed on another edge of the ceramic knife body 2. The side panels 3, 3a are made of stainless steel or plastic steel and disposed separately on both sides of the main body 1. The two side panels 3, 3a can be coupled with the main body by spot welding or adhesion. With the foregoing components, an improved knife structure is made. When the knife structure of the invention is assembled, one of the side panels 3 is coupled to a surface of the main body 1 by spot welding or adhesion, and then the connected sections 21 on one edge of the ceramic knife body 22 are engaged and coupled with the corresponding connecting sections 11 of the main body 1 by adhesion, and finally another side panel 3a is coupled with another surface of the main body 1 by spot welding or adhesion. After the two side panels 3, 3a are coupled with the main body 1, the distal ends of the two side panels 3, 3a and the distal ends of the connecting sections 11 of the main body are on the same plane, and thus the main body 1, the connecting sections 11 and connected sections 21 of the ceramic knife body 2 are restricted between the two side panels 3, 3a, so as to complete the assembling of the knife. Users can hold the holding section 12 and use the blade section 22 on another edge of the ceramic knife body 2 for cutting. In summation of the description above, the improved knife structure of the present invention can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the prior arts. With the ceramic knife body, the blade section is more wear-resisting, and the connection of the connecting sections and connected sections are used to facilitate the mass production and lower the costs. The present invention herein enhances the performance than the conventional structure and further complies with the patent application requirements and is submitted to the Patent and Trademark Office for review and granting of the commensurate patent rights. While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and the scope of the appended claims therefore should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements and procedures.
|
['B26B300']
|
detailed_description
|
11,499,559
|
[claim] 1. A dual-band, space fed antenna array, comprising: a feed array comprising a first set of feed radiators for operation in a first frequency band of operation and a second set of feed radiators for operation in a second frequency band of operation; a primary array lens assembly spaced from and illuminated by said feed array by energy in said first and said second frequency bands of operation radiated from said feed array, said primary array lens comprising a first set of radiator elements and a second set of radiator elements operable in said first frequency band of operation, the first set and the second set being spaced apart by a spacing distance, the first set facing to space to form a first radiating aperture for said first frequency band of operation, the second set facing toward said feed array; the primary array lens assembly further comprising a third set of radiator elements and a fourth set of radiator elements operable in said second frequency band of operation, the third set facing to space to form a second radiating aperture for said second frequency band of operation, the fourth set facing toward said feed array. 2. The array of claim 1, wherein said first frequency band of operation is a UHF band, and said second frequency band is an X band. 3. The array of claim 1, wherein said first frequency band of operation is a UHF band, and said primary lens array comprises: a first dielectric substrate; a second dielectric substrate spaced from said first dielectric substrate; wherein said first set of radiators are fabricated on said first dielectric substrate, said second set of radiators are fabricated on said second dielectric substrate, and said first set of radiators are orthogonally polarized relative to a polarization sense of the second set of radiators. 4. The array of claim 3, wherein said first set of radiators comprise a set of dipole radiators, and said second set of radiators comprise a set of long slot radiators. 5. The array of claim 3, wherein the primary lens array further comprises respective signal transmission lines connected between corresponding ones of the first set of radiators and the second set of radiators. 6. The array of claim 1, wherein the spacing distance between the first set and the second set is equivalent to one quarter wavelength of a frequency of operation in the first frequency band. 7. The array of claim 1, wherein said first frequency band is a UHF frequency band. 8. The array of claim 7, wherein said primary lens assembly further comprises a first groundplane structure to serve the second set of radiator elements, and a second groundplane structure to serve the first set of radiator elements. 9. The array of claim 8, wherein said first set of radiators are orthogonally polarized relative to a polarization sense of the second set of radiators, and wherein said spacing distance between the first set and the second set is equivalent to one quarter wavelength of a frequency of operation in the first frequency band. 10. The array of claim 9, wherein the first groundplane structure comprises a thin wire grid structure disposed adjacent said first set of radiators, the wire grid structure is a set of spaced conductive lines arranged in a generally parallel configuration and orthogonal to a polarization sense of the first set of radiators. 11. The array of claim 10, wherein the first set of radiators is a set of dipole radiators, and the second set of radiators is a set of long slot radiators arranged in a generally parallel relationship. 12. The array of claim 11, wherein the wire grid structure and the first set of radiators are formed on opposed surfaces of a first substrate. 13. The array of claim 12, wherein the long slot radiators are formed on a first surface of a second substrate by slots formed in a conductive groundplane layer defined on said first surface. 14. The array of claim 13, wherein said second frequency band is in X band, and said third and fourth sets of radiators are mounted to said second substrate. 15. The array of claim 14, wherein the third set of radiators and the fourth set of radiators are flared dipole radiators fabricated on dielectric substrate strips which are supported in parallel, spaced relation on respective first and second surfaces of the second substrate. 16. The array of claim 15, wherein said dielectric substrate strips are attached orthogonally to the second substrate, and extend parallel to said long slot radiators. 17. The array of claim 16, wherein respective ones of said dielectric strips are spaced apart by one-half wavelength at an X-band frequency of operation. 18. The array of claim 1, wherein said first set of feed radiators and said second set of feed radiators are formed on a common dielectric substrate. 19. The array of claim 18, wherein said first set of feed radiators and said second set of feed radiators comprise flared dipole radiating elements. 20. A dual-band, space fed antenna array, comprising: a feed array comprising a first set of feed radiators for operation in a UHF frequency band of operation and a second set of feed radiators for operation in an X-band frequency band of operation; a primary array lens assembly spaced from and illuminated by said feed array, said primary array lens comprising a set of UHF pickup elements and a set of UHF radiator elements spaced apart by a spacing distance, the set of UHF radiator elements facing to space to form a UHF radiating aperture, the set UHF pickup elements facing toward said feed array; the primary array lens assembly further comprising a set of X-band pickup elements facing toward said feed array, and a set of X-band radiator elements forming an X-band radiating aperture. 21. The array of claim 20, wherein said primary lens array comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate spaced from said first substrate; wherein said set of UHF pickup
|
['H01Q1906']
|
claim
|
10,546,722
|
[description] The invention presents a novel way to query information from a database. While the following description will discuss querying information about/of music for music retrieval, music selection, music compilation and music sequencing purposes, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention can also be used for databases containing video content, audio/video content, photographs, etc. FIG. 1 illustrates an audio/video jukebox system 10 which can be used to utilize embodiments of the invention. The jukebox system 10 comprises a computer 11 which may be of any variety of standard data processors available on the market. The size of the computer 11 may vary on the size of the database being accessed, on other functions which might be required of the processor 12 and on the speed required to perform the various operations. While for the purposes of the following description, it is assumed that the same computer 11 is being used to translate the received terms from the user and search the database, this is by no means a limitation on the invention, and different processors might be utilized to perform the various functions described below. Furthermore, the computer 11 contains one or more known algorithms which are used to find the sequences of stored data, for example, songs, from the terms set forth by the user. The computer 11 has at least one large memory 13 in which the database to be searched is stored. Memory 13 may be any of a variety of large capacity memories. The computer 11 may also have at least one additional memory device 14 in which meta data for information stored in the memory 13 are stored in a structured form. Depending on the size of the main database memory 13, the memory 14 may also be of considerable size. Memories 13 and 14 may be separate storage devices or may be various sections of the same storage device. In one embodiment of the invention, the main database memory 13 may contain the collection of entities, such as music, video content, audio/video content, photographs, etc. Furthermore, in a jukebox system, the memory 13 may be connected to a compact disc storage device 21 which contains a collection of music compact discs. The second memory 14 may contain the meta data which is used to characterized each entity in the database memory 13. The meta data is used by the search algorithms to determine if each individual entity meets the criteria specified by the user. The meta data can be created and stored in the memory 14 in a variety of different ways and the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the meta data may accompany each entity when the entity is purchased or obtained. For example, meta data which describes each song on a compact disc may be stored on the compact disc. When the songs of the compact disc are transferred to the memory 13 or added to the compact storage device 21, the meta data can be added to the memory 14 from the compact disc. In addition, the user can use the computer 11 to create meta data for each entity that is added to the database memory 13. The meta data could also be downloaded from an external computer to the computer 11 using, for example, the Internet. A number of standard input devices 16 may be available for providing information to the computer 11. These may include, but are not limited to, keyboard devices, mouse or roller-ball inputs, text/image scanners, modems, interactive displays, network inputs from other systems, or the like. One option available with this system is a voice recognition module 17 comprising a microphone which may be used to input queries into the system. The computer 11 may also have a number of standard output devices 18 such as a display 20, a printer, a voice synthesizer, speakers 19, etc. According to an embodiment of the invention, a query may be submitted as humming or tapping of a music piece, inputted in the microphone. According to one embodiment of the invention, the invention represents an integration of multiple query mechanisms, query dialogues and interactive methods to present the query results in the music domain. The generation of the playlist can be viewed as a constraint satisfaction problem. Briefly, a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is stated as follows. One is given a set of variables (or unknowns) that can take values from a finite and discrete domain and a set of constraints. Each constraint is a logical relation or a linear expression defined over a subset of the variables providing partial information about the problem to be solved. Each constraint limits the combinations of values these variables in a subset can take. The solution of the problem is to find an assignment of values to the variables such that all constraints are satisfied. One can also search for all possible value assignments exhaustively that meet all constraints. An important feature of a constraint is its declarative nature, that is, constraints specify what relationships must hold without specifying a computational procedure to enforce this relationship. In other words, the user states the problem by what constraints should be met, while the system task is to solve this problem. The phrase “I would like 10 jazz songs played by a small ensemble with piano and saxophone at a slow tempo, but from only three different piano players” is one typical example in which a person might express his music preference by declaring constraints on a music domain. It is obvious that in this example not only a single constraint has to be met, but a collection of constraints has to be satisfied that are not necessarily independent or conflict-free. A constraint can be seen as a relation defined on a subset of all variables; it consists of the set of tuples representing the allowed value assignments to these variables. A constraint is satisfied if all its variables have a value and the corresponding value
|
['G06F1730' 'G06F700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,863,828
|
[description] Various embodiments of a system and method for automatically modifying a native code module accessed in a user software application are described herein. For example, it may be desirable to automatically modify the native code module in order to determine or obtain various types of information regarding execution of the native code module, e.g., for monitoring or debugging purposes. The user software application may be implemented using both virtual machine bytecode and native code. For example, the user software application may be implemented with bytecode where possible, and the bytecode may invoke native code routines when it is necessary to use features dependent on the host computing environment. As described below, the native code module may be dynamically modified during execution of the user software application, e.g., when the native code module is accessed by the virtual machine bytecode. FIG. 1 is a flowchart diagram illustrating one embodiment of the method. As indicated in block 31, access to the native code module may be detected during execution of the virtual machine bytecode of the user software application. For example, the virtual machine bytecode may access the native code module by invoking execution of the native code module or a native code routine in the native code module, or may otherwise cause the native code module to be accessed or loaded. As indicated in block 33, the native code module may be automatically modified by adding additional code operable to determine information regarding execution of the native code module. The additional code added to the native code module is referred to herein as instrumentation code. In various embodiments the instrumentation code may be operable to determine or obtain any of various kinds of information regarding execution of the native code module. For example, the native code module may be modified by adding instrumentation code operable to determine one or more of: profiling information for the native code module; debugging information for the native code module; tracing information for the native code module; monitoring information for the native code module; instrumentation information for the native code module; information regarding a programmatic call performed by the native code module; a parameter value passed in a programmatic call performed by the native code module; etc. As further examples, the native code module may be modified by adding instrumentation code operable to determine one or more of: timing information for the native code module; invocation count information for the native code module; performance information for the native code module; memory usage information for the native code module; resource usage information for the native code module; network usage information for the native code module; database access information for the native code module; data used in the native code module; etc. In some embodiments, modifying the native code module may include automatically analyzing the native code module, e.g., in order to determine what additional code should be added to the native code module and/or where to add the additional code. Conventional techniques may be used to automatically analyze the native code module and add instrumentation code operable to determine execution information for the native code module. As indicated in block 35, the method may further comprise directing the access detected in block 31 to the modified native code module. For example, the modified native code module or a routine within it may be executed, as indicated in block 37. Executing the modified native code module may include executing the instrumentation code that was added in block 33. The instrumentation code may execute to determine the execution information for the native code module. The method may further comprise receiving and displaying the execution information determined by the instrumentation code, as indicated in block 39. For example, in some embodiments a presentation tool may receive the execution information and may display a graphical user interface on a display device, where the graphical user interface displays the execution information. The execution information may be displayed during execution of the user software application and/or after the execution has finished. The method may also or may alternatively comprise logging or storing the execution information, as indicated in block 41. For example, after the execution information has been determined it may be written to a log file or stored in a database for future access. FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a computer system 80 that is configured to implement the method of FIG. 1. In various embodiments the computer system 80 may comprise any type of computer system. The computer system 80 may include one or more processors 120 coupled to memory 122. In some embodiments, the memory 122 may include one or more forms of random access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) or synchronous
|
['G06F945']
|
detailed_description
|
12,428,182
|
[summary] In view of the above circumstances, it is an object to improve a positional accuracy and a bearing accuracy even in a system with fewer sensors, for example, in a system equipped with a monoaxial accelerometer and a monoaxial gyroscope. One embodiment of the present invention provides a position detecting apparatus and method used in a navigation system for detecting a vehicle position. [Position Detecting Apparatus] A position detecting apparatus according to one embodiment includes: a sensor unit including a vehicle speed sensor for detecting a vehicle speed, an acceleration sensor for detecting vehicle acceleration, and an angular velocity sensor for detecting a vehicle angular velocity; and a dead reckoning calculating unit for calculating state quantity inclusive of a current vehicle position, a vehicle speed, and a vehicle attitude angle based on a signal output from each of the sensors at a predetermined periodic interval, the dead reckoning calculating unit including a movement calculating unit for calculating a movement during a period from a previous state quantity calculation time up to a current state quantity calculation time; a change amount detecting unit for calculating an amount of change in vehicle attitude; a movement resolving unit for resolving the movement into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the amount of change in vehicle attitude; and a state quantity calculating unit for determining, by calculation, a vehicle position at the current state quantity calculation time using each of the components. The change amount detecting unit detects (1) an amount of change in vehicle pitch angle and an amount of change in vehicle yaw angle or (2) an amount of change in vehicle yaw angle as the amount of change in vehicle attitude. At this time, the change amount detecting unit calculates the amount of change in vehicle pitch angle and the amount of change in vehicle yaw angle based on a vehicle attitude angle calculated by the state quantity calculating unit. If an amount of change in vehicle pitch angle and an amount of change in vehicle yaw angle are detected as the amount of change in vehicle attitude, and the amount of change in vehicle pitch angle and the amount of change in vehicle yaw angle are represented by Ė 2 , Ė 3 , respectively, and the movement is represented by N p L, the movement resolving unit resolves the movement into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the following expressions: in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? [Expression 7] in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle longitudinal component= N p L ×cos( Ė 2 )×cos( Ė 3 ) (7) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle lateral component= N p L ×cos( Ė 2 )×sin( Ė 3 ) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle vertical component= N p L ×sin( Ė 2 ) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? Further, if a change amount of vehicle yaw angle is detected as the amount of change in vehicle attitude, and if the amount of change in vehicle yaw angle is represented by Ė 3 , and the movement is represented by N p L, the movement resolving unit resolves the movement into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the following expressions: in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? [Expression 8] in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle longitudinal component= N p L ×cos( Ė 3 ) (8) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle lateral component= N p L ×sin( Ė 3 ) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle vertical component=0 in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? The position detecting apparatus further includes: a state quantity correcting unit that performs state quantity correction processing at a second periodic interval longer than the predetermined periodic interval at which the dead reckoning calculating unit calculates a state quantity based on a vehicle moving speed measured using an output signal of the vehicle speed sensor and the state quantity calculated with the dead reckoning calculating unit to thereby correct the state quantity calculated with the dead reckoning calculating unit, the state quantity correcting unit including a speed resolving unit for resolving the measured moving speed into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the amount of change in vehicle attitude; and a corrected state quantity calculating unit for determining, by calculation, a corrected state quantity based on each of the speed components, and the state quantity calculated with the dead reckoning calculating unit. If the amount of change in vehicle attitude corresponds to the amount of change in yaw angle and the amount of change in pitch angle, the amount of change in pitch angle and the amount of change in yaw angle are represented by Ė 2 , Ė 3 , respectively, and the measured moving speed is represented by V, the speed resolving unit resolves the moving speed into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the following expressions: in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? [Expression 9] in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle longitudinal component=| V |×cos( Ė 2 )×cos( Ė 3 ) (9) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle lateral component=| V |×cos( Ė 2 )×sin( Ė 3 ) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? Vehicle vertical component=| V |×sin( Ė 2 ) in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? Further, if the amount of change in vehicle attitude corresponds to the amount of change in yaw angle, the amount of change in yaw angle is represented by Ė 3 , and the measured moving speed is represented by V, the speed resolving unit resolves the moving speed into a vehicle longitudinal component, a vehicle lateral component, and a vehicle vertical component based on the following expressions: in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? [Expression 10] in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae"
|
['G01C2112']
|
summary
|
10,544,532
|
[invention] A sensor element is described for example, in German Patent Application Serial No. DE 100 53 107 A1. The sensor element is constructed in layer form with planar technology, and contains, for the heating of a measurement element, a heating element that is situated between two solid electrolyte layers. The heating element includes a heater and a heater insulation. The heater is completely embedded in the heater insulation, and is electrically insulated from the surrounding solid electrolyte layers by the heater insulation. The solid electrolyte layers are made of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide. The heater insulation is made of aluminum oxide. The heater is made of platinum. The sensor element is manufactured by applying functional layers, such as the heater insulation and heater, onto a solid electrolyte film (foil) (solid electrolyte layer before sintering) using screen printing. The printed solid electrolyte films are subsequently laminated together and sintered. At the end of the sintering process, a tension-free state has at first formed between the layers (solid electrolyte layer, heater insulation and heater). After the subsequent cooling of the sensor element, the heater insulation is exposed to tensile stress, because the thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum oxide is less than the thermal expansion coefficient of zirconium oxide and platinum. If the sensor element is now set into operation and is heated to the required operating temperature by the heater, the heater insulation is stressed, because in the area of the heater there occur high temperature gradients, and thus additional stresses. Because the expansion coefficient of the heater (platinum) is greater than is the expansion coefficient of the heater insulation, the heater insulation is also exposed to additional stresses due to the volume expansion of the heater. This can result in the formation of cracks in the heater insulation, causing the heater to split. German Patent No. DE 43 43 089 describes a heating element in which a hollow space is provided between the heater insulation and the solid electrolyte layer. In this system, it is disadvantageous that the heater insulation is additionally exposed to stresses, and that the heat conduction from the heater into the measurement element is worsened.
|
['G01N2726']
|
background
|
11,061,648
|
[description] Referring to the drawings, a solid oxide fuel cell module in final assembly is generally designated 10 and illustrated in FIGS. 1-6. Typically, the fuel cell modules 10 are stacked to form a multiple fuel cell assembly. Each fuel cell module 10 includes an anode flow field 12 and a cathode flow field 14 on respective opposite sides of a solid cell 16. The cell 16 consists of an electrolyte layer sandwiched by anode layer 18 facing towards the anode flow field 12 and cathode layer 20 facing towards the cathode flow field 14. An anode buffer layer 22 is interposed between the anode layer 18 and the anode flow field 12. A cathode buffer layer 24 is interposed between the cathode layer 20 and the cathode flow field 14. The anode and cathode flow fields include fuel gas channels 26 and oxidant channels 28. The fuel gas may take the form of a substantial number of different fuels, for example natural gas, methane, hydrogen or the like. The oxidant may be oxygen or air. The anode and cathode buffers 22 and 24, respectively, are formed of conductive, porous and compliant material in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fuel and oxidant supplied to the anode layer 18 and cathode layer 20, respectively, provide known reactions causing a voltage from which a current may be collected. It will be appreciated that the fuel cells may have any one of a variety of shapes, for example square, rectangular and circular, typically planar, and that these solid oxide fuel cell modules typically need to have seals about their margins to prevent undesired fuel and oxidant from leaking and mixing. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a marginal seal which eliminates the standoff issue and risks of seal debonding and cell cracking and achieves a robust hermetic seal for fuel cell operation. Referring to FIG. 1, the anode and cathode buffer layers 22 and 24 are provided in the form of conductive/porous compliant felts or foams, respectively, at the interface between the anode layer 18 and anode flow field 12 and at the interface of the cathode layer 20 and the cathode flow field 14. Glass-based seal tape 32 is provided in the gap 30 between the flow fields and the cell 16. As illustrated in FIG. 1, glass-based tapes 32 are provided about the margins and on opposite sides of the cell. Each tape 32 has a thickness less than the thickness of the associated anode or cathode buffer layers 22 and 24. Consequently in the initial assembly of the fuel cell module 10, the gaps between the respective flow fields 12 and 14 and the cell 16 are larger than the seal tape thicknesses. Referring to FIG. 2, a compressive load is placed on the solid oxide fuel cell module as indicated by the arrows, compressing both of the anode and cathode buffer layers. The porous compliant buffer layers 22, 24 are thus compressed until the flow fields 12, 14 engage the seal tapes 32 and the compressive load is partially supported by the seal tapes. That is, after compression, each buffer layer thickness is the same as the thickness of the associated seal tape on the corresponding side of the cell 16. Heat is then applied with a proper ramp schedule to reach a desired working temperature in the range of 600-1000° C. at which temperature the seals melt and wet both surfaces of the cell and flow fields. During the heating process, the binder in the seal glass tape is first burned off, and as the compressive load is continuously applied, the gap between the cell 16 and the anode and cathode flow fields decreases as the melted seal glass loses its supporting force due to reduced viscosity. The melted seal glass fills the entire gaps between margins of the cell and the anode and cathode flow fields, respectively. The temperature is then reduced to the fuel cell operating temperature, which may range from 50-200° C. below the seal working temperature of 600-1000° C. By reducing the temperature, the molten glass solidifies or hardens and affords a strong hermetic seal between the cell 16 and the anode and cathode flow fields 12, 14, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The seal tape and buffer layer thicknesses are substantially identical and the standoff issue during seal forming and fuel cell thermal cycling is avoided. Simultaneously, the cell 16 is supported along both sides by compliant porous buffer layers which preclude the cell from stress-related cracks during thermal cycling without blocking the gas diffusion to the cell surface. Referring to FIG. 4, the margins of the cell 16 may be inset from the margins of the anode and cathode flow fields. With glass seal tapes being applied on opposite margins of the cell 16, and the resulting compression as noted above, the overlapping molten glass fills in between the margins of the anode and cathode flow fields externally of the edges of the cell as illustrated. In FIG. 5, the margins of the anode and cathode flow field in opposition to the seal tapes have grooves 40 formed on their surfaces. Thus the glass seal during melting is precluded from relocating and the glass seal retained in the grooves enhances the bonding strength to the interconnect surface. FIG. 6 discloses the anode interconnect with recesses 42 along the margin and a wider margin than the cathode flow field. In this manner, the recesses maintain in place the molten glass seal material during melting. With respect to the materials of the various constituent elements, the cell 16 may be formed of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte with La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSM) cathode and YSZ/NiO cement anode sintered at each side. The cathode buffer layer 24, which also serves as conducting and mass transfer agent between the cell cathode 20 and cathode flow field 14, can be ceramic felt made of conductive oxides, such as La1-xSrxMnO3, La1-xSrxCoO3, La1-xSrxFeO3, La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3, or
|
['B05D512' 'B05D302' 'H01M208']
|
detailed_description
|
12,196,565
|
[summary] The present invention has been made in consideration of the aforementioned problems, and has as its object to provide a technique that allows a single application to handle XML documents of a plurality of types of formats. It is another object of the present invention to provide a technique for efficiently handing binary XML documents described by encodings according to data types. According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structured document processing apparatus for processing a structured document, comprising: an acquisition unit which acquires a format of a structured document; a parsing unit which parses the structured document by a parsing method according to the format acquired by the acquisition unit; a unit which accepts a request of acquiring an element described in the structured document to have a designated type; a determination unit which determines whether or not a type of the element parsed by the parsing unit matches the designated type; and an output unit which outputs the element to a request source when the determination unit determines a match, and outputs the element to the request source after the type of the element is converted to the designated type when the determination unit determines a mismatch. According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structured document processing method to be executed by a structured document processing apparatus for processing a structured document, comprising: an acquisition step of acquiring a format of a structured document; a parsing step of parsing the structured document by a parsing method according to the format acquired in the acquisition step; a step of accepting a request of acquiring an element described in the structured document to have a designated type; a determination step of determining whether or not a type of the element parsed in the parsing step matches the designated type; and an output step of outputting the element to a request source when a match is determined in the determination step, and outputting the element to the request source after the type of the element is converted to the designated type when a mismatch is determined in the determination step. Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
|
['G06F1700']
|
summary
|
10,563,955
|
[invention] Particularly in the area of direct-injection internal combustion engines that work by the diesel or four-stroke cycle method, the demands on injection systems with respect to the measured-out amount, the time, and the pattern of the injection are increasing continuously. Thus, injection patterns have been modified in recent years to the effect that either the injection amount to be measured out for a combustion cycle is divided into several small partial injections, or the rate pattern shaping is controlled by modulating the fuel pressure or by other rate-modulating measures. Appropriate measuring devices must be made available for this purpose. Accordingly, a method is described in DE 31 39 831 A1 in which a measuring piston is moved by means of the fuel amount injected into a measuring chamber. The injection amount is decided from the path that the piston has traveled. After a certain number of individual injections, the measuring piston is conducted back into its starting position. The end positions of the measuring piston are recorded thereby in each case. However, due to the inertia of the piston mass and the occurring friction, measuring inaccuracies occur in this method that are too great for present-day conditions. Thus, in DE 39 16 419 A1 an electromagnetically controlled measuring device is described that further develops the device according to DE 31 39 831 A1, whereby here the measuring chamber is emptied after each injection. While it is true that more accurate measuring results can be achieved by this due to the smaller total volumes to be measured, the problem of the relatively large piston mass to be moved still remains, so that vibrations and delays occur in the system as before. Thus, accurate measuring for example of a post-injection and its pattern analysis is not possible. Moreover the discharge of the respective measuring piston takes place with a discharge valve, so that injections following in very quick succession, as are usual in the normal operation of a combustion engine, cannot be resolved. A further development of this device for improving the measuring accuracy is suggested in DE 44 34 597 A1. The return speed of the measuring piston is held constant, so that the switch delay of the magnetic valve can also be taken into consideration during emptying. In spite of this improved reproducibility of the starting position of the piston, the susceptibility of the system to vibration remains disadvantageous, not least due to the relatively large piston mass. Moreover, a resolution of closely-spaced individual injections and their patterns remains impossible due to the inertia of the total system. In DE 41 30 394 A1, a measuring instrument for injection amounts is suggested, in which the injection takes place in a closed pressure container. After the incoming pressure in this pressure container has been measured after either the pre-injection or main injection, a valve is again switched so that the injected amount is drained into a measuring area in which a piston is again situated that is moved by the fluid, so that conclusions can be drawn about the injected volume from the movement of the piston. By means of such an embodiment it is indeed possible to resolve the injection processes with respect to the main or pre- or post-injection, but a quantitative statement about the injection patterns during for example a main injection remains impossible, since no continuous measurement of amounts is present. Moreover, such a design is not suitable for carrying out measurements on the engine while it is running, since several successive work cycles cannot be measured at that speed. In WO 00/79125, the measuring principle is taken from DE 41 30 394 A1. However, the pressure in the pressure container is measured continuously, so that statements about the pattern of each individual injection are possible. The design is very complex, however, so that a large number of influencing variables reduce the measuring accuracy and reliability of the plant. Also, it is not possible to use such a device on an engine while it is running. Alternatively, it is suggested in WO 02/054038 to make the movable piston lighter in order to avoid any post-vibration as much as possible, and to use a remote sensor to record the path to be measured, which sensor is capacitive or works on the eddy current principle. Through these measures the measuring accuracy is to be further increased. In DE 1 798 080 an electronically controlled flow measuring and dosing instrument is again described that can measure flows with high accuracy over a large range. Due to its extremely low inertia, this measuring instrument is optimally suited for the immediate measurement of flows, but is not capable of reading synchronous-cycle flow rate information. This means that it is not possible to show the exact patterns of the injection processes to be measured and their periodicity simultaneously with the work cycle of a four-stroke or diesel engine. With the exception of this device, it is common to all the known devices that only discontinuous flows can be measured downstream of the injection devices. This has the disadvantage that a flow rate measurement in combination with an optical analysis of the spread of an injection jet is not possible. Moreover, measuring accuracy is further limited. A continuously working flow measuring instrument, which is installed downstream of the injection devices, is also disclosed by DE 33 02 059. The injection nozzle injects thereby into a conduit that leads to a gear pump and to which a second conduit is switched in parallel, in which second conduit slides a piston. These two conduits together form the necessary injection volume that can be changed by the movement of the piston. The path of the piston is measured and is also fed via an electrical closed-loop control circuit to a motor to control the speed of the gear pump. Due to the inertia of the piston and the fact that the physical properties of the injected fluid are not taken into consideration, the measurement of injected amounts
|
['G01F314']
|
background
|
12,476,267
|
[claim] 1. A compound of formula I wherein R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; each R2 is independently halogen, CN, lower alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted by halogen; Ar is aryl or heteroaryl; R′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, cyano or lower alkyl substituted by halogen; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or hydroxy; X is —CH(R4)—, —N(R4′)— or —O—; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, ═O, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —C(O)-lower alkyl, —C(O)CH2O-lower alkyl, —CH2CN, —C(O)CH2CN, —C(O)-cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted by cyano, lower alkyl, one or two halogen atoms, ═O or amino, or is —C(O)O-lower alkyl, —NH-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)O-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)-lower alkyl or —CH2O-lower alkyl; R4′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —C(O)-lower alkyl, —C(O)CH2—O-lower alkyl, —CH2CN, —C(O)CN, —C(O)CH2CN, —C(O)-cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted by cyano, lower alkyl, one or two halogen atoms, ═O or amino, or is —C(O)O-lower alkyl or —CH2O-lower alkyl; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six-membered non aromatic ring or R3 and R4′ together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six-membered non aromatic ring; n is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, or 2 when n is 0; or m is 0 or 1 when n is 1; and o is 0, 1, 2 or 3; or a pharmaceutically active salt, racemic mixture, enantiomer, optical isomer or tautomeric form thereof. 2. A compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is lower alkyl; each R2 is independently halogen or CN; Ar is heteroaryl; R′ is halogen, cyano or lower alkyl substituted by halogen; R3 is hydrogen or hydroxy; X is —CH(R4)—, —N(R4′)— or —O—; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, ═O, lower alkynyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —NH-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)O-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)-lower alkyl or —CH2O-lower alkyl; R4′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —C(O)-lower alkyl, —C(O)CH2—O-lower alkyl, —CH2CN, —C(O)CH2CN, —C(O)-cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted by cyano, lower alkyl, one or two halogen atoms, ═O or amino, or is —C(O)O-lower alkyl; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; n is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, or 2 when n is 0; or m is 0 or 1 when n is 1; and o is 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically active salt, racemic mixture, enantiomer, optical isomer or tautomeric form thereof. 3. A compound of claim 2, wherein Ar is pyridinyl. 4. A compound of claim 3, wherein X is —CH(R4)—. 5. A compound of claim 4, selected from the group consisting of {4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-cycloheyl}-carbamic acid methyl ester; [(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(4-methoxymethyl-cyclohexyl)-methanone; [(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(4-ethynyl-cyclohexyl)-methanone; 4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-cyclohexanone; {4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-cyclohexyl}-methyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester; {4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-cyclohexyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester; and N-{4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-cyclohexyl}-N-methyl-acetamide. 6. A compound of claim 3, wherein X is —N(R4)—. 7. A compound of claim 6, wherein the compounds are 1-{4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-1-yl}-ethanone; 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-1-(1-acetyl-piperidine-4-carbonyl)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(1-cyclobutanecarbonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-methanone; [(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile; [(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-(1-isobutyl-piperidin-4-yl)-methanone; 4-[(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-cyano-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-1-(1-cyclopropanecarbonyl-piperidine-4-carbonyl)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile; 6-((SR)-1-{(3RS,4SR)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1-(1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-ethoxy)-nicotinonitrile; 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-1-[1-(1-amino-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile; and 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-1-(1-cyclobutanecarbonyl-piperidine-4-carbonyl)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile. 8. A compound of claim 6, wherein the compounds are 6-((SR)-1-{(3RS,4SR)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1-(3-oxo-cyclobutanecarbonyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-ethoxy)-nicotinonitrile; 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-(1-propionyl-piperidine-4-carbonyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile; 6-{(SR)-1-[(3RS,4SR)-1-[1-(2-cyano-acetyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-ethoxy}-nicotinonitrile; 6-((SR)-1-{(3RS,4SR)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1-(2-methoxy-acetyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-ethoxy)-nicotinonitrile; 1-(4-{(3SR,4RS)-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-[(SR)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl}-piperidin-1-yl)-ethanone; 6-((SR)-1-{(3RS,4SR)-4-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1-(1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidine-4-carbonyl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-ethoxy)-nicotinonitrile; [(3RS,4SR)-3-[(SR)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-4-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-[1-(1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methanone; {(3S,4R)-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4-[(S)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-[1-(1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methanone; and {(3S,4R)-3-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-4-[(S)-1-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-[1-(1-methyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methanone. 9. A compound of claim 3, wherein X is —O—. 10. A compound of claim 9, wherein the compound is {(3SR,4RS)-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-[(SR)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-methanone. 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I wherein R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; each R2 is independently halogen, CN, lower alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted by halogen; Ar is aryl or heteroaryl; R′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, cyano or lower alkyl substituted by halogen; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or hydroxy; X is —CH(R4)—, —N(R4′)— or —O—; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, ═O, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —C(O)-lower alkyl, —C(O)CH2O-lower alkyl, —CH2CN, —C(O)CH2CN, —C(O)-cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted by cyano, lower alkyl, one or two halogen atoms, ═O or amino, or is —C(O)O-lower alkyl, —NH-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)O-lower alkyl, —NRC(O)-lower alkyl or —CH2O-lower alkyl; R4′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, —S(O)2-lower alkyl, —C(O)-lower alkyl, —C(O)CH2—O-lower alkyl, —CH2CN, —C(O)CN, —C(O)CH2CN, —C(O)-cycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted by cyano, lower alkyl, one or two halogen atoms, ═O or amino, or is —C(O)O-lower alkyl or —CH2O-lower alkyl; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or R3 and R4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six-membered non aromatic ring or R3 and R4′ together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are attached form a five or six-membered non aromatic ring; n is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, or 2 when n is 0; or m is 0 or 1 when n is 1; and o is 0, 1, 2 or 3; or a pharmaceutically active salt, racemic mixture, enantiomer, optical isomer or tautomeric form thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
|
['A61K314545' 'C07D40114' 'A61K314439']
|
claim
|
12,479,718
|
[summary] This disclosure describes a method and system for determining location using a hybrid satellite and WLAN positioning system by selecting the best WLAN-PS solution. In some embodiments, the method of increasing the accuracy of a WLAN based position estimate using satellite positioning information can include determining a set of possible WLAN location solutions for a WLAN and satellite enabled device based on one or more WLAN access points, obtaining satellite information for the WLAN and satellite enabled device from at least two different satellites, and using the satellite information from the at least two different satellites to determine the best WLAN location solution from the set of possible WLAN location solutions. In some embodiments, using the satellite information from the at least two different satellites to determine the best WLAN location solution from the set of possible WLAN location solutions can include examining each of the possible WLAN location solutions against the satellite information and selecting the location based on which of the possible WLAN position locations satisfies the satellite information. In some embodiments, the step of using the satellite position information from the at least two different satellites to determine the best WLAN location solution from the set of possible WLAN location solutions can include eliminating possible WLAN location solutions which are not consistent with the satellite information. In some embodiments, the WLAN location solution consistency with the satellite information can be measured by applying each of the possible WLAN based position estimates to the satellite measurements and calculating the internal SPS receiver clock bias for each possible WLAN based position estimate. In some embodiments, the consistency of the internal SPS receiver clock for each of the possible WLAN based position estimates can be used as an indication of distance between the WLAN based position estimates and possible solutions of satellite positioning system. In some embodiments, the consistency of the internal SPS receiver clock for each of the possible WLAN based position estimates can be used as an indication of consistency between the WLAN based position estimates and the satellite measurements. In some embodiments, substantially the same internal SPS receiver clock bias across the acquired satellites for a given WLAN based position estimate can indicate a good location estimate. In some embodiments, non-uniform values of internal SPS receiver clock bias across the acquired satellites for a given WLAN based position estimate can indicate a poor location estimate. In some embodiments, the set of possible WLAN location solutions can include a cluster. In some embodiments, the satellite information can provide a satellite location solution in the form of a region, a surface, or a curve. In some embodiments, the method can include weighing the WLAN location solutions according to the distance from each WLAN location solution to the satellite location solution. In some embodiments, the method can include selecting WLAN location solutions having a small distance to the satellite location solution, for example 10 meters. In some embodiments, the method can include eliminating WLAN location solutions having a large distance to the satellite location solution, for example, one thousand meters. In some embodiments, the satellite information can include satellite position data, satellite velocity data, psuedorange measurement, Doppler frequency measurement, and time of signal transmission. In some embodiments, the application relates to a system for increasing the accuracy of a WLAN based position estimate using satellite positioning information, including a positioning module which can include a WLAN module for receiving information from one or more WLAN access points, a satellite positioning module for obtaining satellite information from at least two different satellites, logic located in the WLAN module to determine a set of possible WLAN location solutions based on one or more WLAN access points, and logic located in the positioning module to use the satellite information from the at least two different satellites to determine the best WLAN location solution from the set of possible WLAN location solutions. In some embodiments, the application relates to a mobile device having a hybrid positioning system for increasing the accuracy of a WLAN based position estimate using satellite positioning information. In some embodiments, the mobile device can include a hybrid positioning module, which can include a WLAN module for receiving information from one or more WLAN access points, a satellite positioning module for obtaining satellite information from at least two different satellites, logic located in the WLAN module to determine a set of possible WLAN location solutions based on one or more WLAN access points, and logic located in the positioning module to use the satellite information from the at least two different satellites to determine the best WLAN location solution from the set of possible WLAN location solutions.
|
['G01S100']
|
summary
|
11,683,237
|
[summary] In the light of the state of the art described above, it is contemplated with the present invention as an object thereof to solve the problem mentioned above by providing an inexpensive vehicle-onboard driving lane recognizing apparatus of a small circuit scale. In view of the above and other objects which will become apparent as the description proceeds, there is provided according to a general aspect of the present invention a vehicle-onboard driving lane recognizing apparatus which includes an image pick-up unit mounted on a motor vehicle running on a road for picking up images of scenes making appearance in front of the motor vehicle, an image data selecting unit for selecting image data only of a predetermined region from the image picked up by the image pick-up unit, an image data storing unit for storing the image data, and a driving lane recognizing unit for detecting lane markings on the road from the image data stored in the image data storing unit to thereby recognize a driving lane extending along the lane markings, wherein at least the image data selecting unit, the image data storing unit and the driving lane recognizing unit are all implemented in a single chip. By virtue of the arrangement described above, there can be realized inexpensively the vehicle-onboard driving lane recognizing apparatus of a small circuit scale while making it unnecessary to install an external image data storing unit, to advantageous effect. The above and other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will more easily be understood by reading the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof taken, only by way of example, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['G06K900']
|
summary
|
12,006,390
|
[invention] Programmable resistance memory elements formed from materials that can be programmed to exhibit at least a high or low stable ohmic state are known in the art. Such programmable resistance elements may be programmed to a high resistance state to store, for example, a logic ONE data bit or programmed to a low resistance state to store a logic ZERO data bit. One type of material that can be used as the memory material for programmable resistance elements is phase-change material. Phase-change materials may be programmed between a first structural state where the material is generally more amorphous (less ordered) and a second structural state where the material is generally more crystalline (more ordered). The term “amorphous”, as used herein, refers to a condition which is relatively structurally less ordered or more disordered than a single crystal and has a detectable characteristic, such as high electrical resistivity. The term “crystalline”, as used herein, refers to a condition which is relatively structurally more ordered than amorphous and has lower electrical resistivity than the amorphous state. The phase-change materials may be programmed between different detectable states of local order across the entire spectrum between completely amorphous and completely crystalline states. That is, the programming of such materials is not required to take place between completely amorphous and completely crystalline states but rather the material can be programmed in incremental steps reflecting (1) changes of local order, or (2) changes in volume of two or more materials having different local order so as to provide a “gray scale” represented by a multiplicity of conditions of local order spanning the spectrum between the completely amorphous and the completely crystalline states. For example, phase-change materials may be programmed between different resistive states while in crystalline form. A volume of phase-change material may be programmed between a more ordered, low resistance state and a less ordered, high resistance state. A volume of phase-change is capable of being transformed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state in response to the input of a single pulse of energy referred to as a “SET pulse”. The SET pulse is sufficient to transform the volume of memory material from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. It is believed that application of a SET pulse to the volume of memory material changes the local order of at least a portion of the volume of memory material. Specifically, it is believed that the SET pulse is sufficient to change at least a portion of the volume of memory material from a less-ordered amorphous state to a more-ordered crystalline state. The volume of memory material is also capable of being transformed from the low resistance state to the high resistance state in response to the input of a single pulse of energy which is referred to as a “RESET pulse”. The RESET pulse is sufficient to transform the volume of memory material from the low resistance state to the high resistance state. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that application of a RESET pulse to the volume of memory material changes the local order of at least a portion of the volume of memory material. Specifically, it is believed that the RESET pulse is sufficient to change at least a portion of the volume of memory material from a more-ordered crystalline state to a less-ordered amorphous state. The use of phase-change materials for electronic memory applications is known in the art. Phase-change materials and electrically programmable memory elements formed from such materials are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,166,758, 5,296,716, 5,414,271, 5,359,205, 5,341,328, 5,536,947, 5,534,712, 5,687,112, and 5,825,046 the disclosures of which are all incorporated by reference herein. Still another example of a phase-change memory element is provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/276,273, the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference. It is important to be able to accurately read the resistance states of programmable resistance elements which are arranged in a memory array. The present invention describes an apparatus and method for accurately determining the resistance states of programmable resistance elements arranged as memory cells in a memory array. Background art circuitry is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,833 which describes a reading apparatus based upon the variation in the threshold levels of memory elements, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,827 which describes an apparatus using a fixed resistance element to generate reference signals. Both U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,833 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,827 are incorporated by reference herein.
|
['H01L4500']
|
background
|
12,361,367
|
End Effector Assembly for Electrosurgical Device [SEP] [abstract] A bipolar forceps is provided and includes a housing having a shaft that extends therefrom which defines a longitudinal axis therethrough. The housing including a drive assembly disposed therein and is operable to reciprocate an actuation tube within the shaft. The bipolar forceps includes an end effector assembly operatively connected to a distal end of the shaft and has a pair of first and second jaw members. The first and second jaw members are pivotable about a living hinge and are adapted to connect to an electrosurgical energy source. Each of the jaw members includes a cam slot defined at a proximal end thereof. One or more of the jaw members is operatively connected to a distal end the actuation tube via a cam pin such that distal reciprocation of the actuation tube cams each of the jaw members towards one another about the respective living hinge to grasp tissue.
|
['A61B1814']
|
abstract
|
12,051,461
|
[description] FIG. 1 depicts the growth inhibition of cucurbitacin B in 5 human leukemia cancer cell lines. FIG. 2 depicts the apoptotic effect of cucurbitacin B on K562 cells after 48 hours treatment. FIG. 3 depicts the apoptotic effect of cucurbitacin B on K562 cells after 48 hours treatment in flow cytometry data. FIG. 4 depicts the change in cell morphology of K562 cells after 48 hours of cucurbitacin B treatment. FIG. 5 depicts the cell cycle analysis profile of K562 cells after 48 hours cucurbitacin B treatment. FIG. 6 depicts the differential activation of Stat3 in a human leukemia cancer cell line (K562) upon cucurbitacin B treatment. FIG. 7 depicts the time dependency of Stat3 inhibition by cucurbitacin B in K562 cells. FIG. 8 depicts cucurbitacin B inhibits activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk pathway in K562 cells but not Ras activation. 5.
|
['A61K31575' 'A61P3504']
|
detailed_description
|
11,680,585
|
[summary] It is one object of the invention to provide a process which recycles the basic sludge that is separated from the treated effluent, using its alkalinity as a neutralizing agent in the pretreatment phase of the process. It is another object of the invention to convert the basic sludge to a more stable, acidic sludge, by leaching unstable metal precipitates from it. It is another object of the invention to reduce the amount of lime that is required for effectively treating acidic mine wastewater. It is another object of the invention to reduce the amount of sludge produced by an acidic mine wastewater treatment process, thus minimizing disposal volumes, a result of using lesser amounts of lime. The invention provides a method for removing metals from metal-contaminated acidic mine wastewaters. The wastewater is mixed with a lime slurry and with the basic sludge that is produced by the process, to form a mixture. That mixture is allowed to separate into an aqueous effluent and an acidic sludge. The effluent is mixed with a lime slurry and with added iron, which is provided either by adding some of the acidic sludge or an iron solution, or both. The mixture produced is allowed to separate into an aqueous effluent (i.e. the treated acidic mine wastewater, which can be released to the environment) and a basic sludge (which is then used in the process). In general terms, the process of the invention can be considered as comprising a pretreatment phase and a treatment phase. In a preferred embodiment, in the pretreatment phase, the acidic mine wastewater is mixed with lime and recycled basic sludge (from the treatment phase) and acidic sludge is formed, separated and removed, most for disposal, some for use in the treatment phase. The effluent from this pretreatment phase, i.e. the pretreated acidic mine wastewater, is then sent to the treatment phase, in which it is mixed with lignin derivatives, such as lignosulfonates (a preferred but optional step) and with lime, recycled acidic sludge (from the pretreatment phase) and a ferrous or ferric solution. Basic sludge settles out and is removed, leaving the treated effluent. The process produces a high quality effluent with sufficiently low metal content that it can be released to the environment. The process can reduce the amount of lime consumed by over 30% and reduce the amount of sludge for disposal by more than 25%, in comparison with the conventional lime neutralization treatment. BRFSUM description="Brief Summary" end="tail"?
|
['C02F152']
|
summary
|
12,492,894
|
[claim] 1. A method of endpoint detection for ion source chamber cleaning comprising: introducing a cleaning gas into said ion source chamber over a given period, said ion source chamber having interior walls composed of an electrically conductive material; ionizing said gas within said ion source chamber; extracting the ionized gas from the ion source chamber into an ion beam; detecting the mass spectrum of the ions in the ion beam; determining when the mass spectrum of the ions in the ion beam indicates that the electrically conductive material of the ion source chamber is present in the ion beam at a relatively constant rate over said given period. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising stopping the introduction of cleaning gas to said ion source chamber when the mass spectrum indicates said electrically conductive material is present in the ion beam at said relatively constant rate. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting the mass spectrum of the ions in the ion beam includes generating a signal representative of said cleaning gas. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting the mass spectrum of the ions in the ion beam includes generating a signal representative of said electrically conductive material. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting the mass spectrum of the ions includes detecting said ions in the ion beam using a Faraday cup. 6. The method of claim I wherein the ionized gas from the ion source chamber includes deposits from the interior walls of said chamber. 7. The method of claim 4 wherein the electrically conductive material is tungsten. 8. The method of claim 4 wherein the electrically conductive material is graphite. 9. An ion implantation system comprising: an ion source chamber defined by interior walls of electrically conductive material, said chamber generating ions in response to a cleaning gas introduced into said chamber, said chamber having an aperture through which said ions are extracted; a mass analyzing magnet disposed downstream from said ion source chamber, said mass analyzer magnet configured to select ions from said ion beam having a particular mass-to-charge ratio; a Faraday cup disposed downstream of said mass analyzing magnet configured to receive said ion beam; and a current meter coupled to the Faraday cup is configured to provide a signal representative of the ions received by the Faraday cup, said signal representing ions associated with said electrically conductive material of said ion source chamber and said cleaning gas wherein said cleaning gas is not introduced into said chamber when said signal representing ions associated with said electrically conductive material is relatively constant over a given time period. 10. The ion implantation system of claim 9 wherein said cleaning gas is nitrogen triflouride (NF3). 11. The ion implantation system of claim 9 wherein said cleaning gas is dichlorine (Cl2).
|
['H01J37317' 'H01J3705' 'H01J4926']
|
claim
|
12,137,973
|
[summary] According to one aspect of the invention, the motor is over-controlled with respect to the operation level at the beginning of a vibration period. Because of the higher initial value, the motor accelerates more quickly and passes through possible resonances of the steering wheel column without getting trapped or being significantly delayed. Furthermore, the abrupt starting of the motor improves the alerting effect When the motor has reached the desired operation frequency, the electrical power can be reduced to a normal operation value. The size of the motor can be chosen based on normal operation conditions, an extraordinarily strong and large motor is not required. The following description is based on an over-controlled voltage but is also valid for an over-controlled current. Over-controlled voltage means that the voltage has the same sign as the operation voltage level but a larger absolute magnitude, i.e. in case of a negative operation voltage level, the over-controlled voltage is even more negative. In case the operation voltage level is not essentially constant, the term operation voltage level refers to an average value of the operation voltage. The effect of the invention can be increased by preferably setting the over-controlled voltage to be at least 20%, more preferably at least 50% with respect to the normal operation voltage level. According to another aspect of the invention which is independent of the aspect mentioned before, the motor is under-controlled with respect to zero level at the end of the vibration period. The following description is based on an under-controlled current but is also valid for an under-controlled voltage. At the end of the vibration period, current control is performed to generate a reverse current with respect to the operation current level during vibration. The under-control generates a torque counteracting the rotation of the motor, and therefore decelerates the motor more quickly in comparison to switching the motor off only. The more or less abrupt halting of the motor contributes to improving the alerting effect. As an alternative to actively controlling the motor at the end of the vibration period, a current maintaining path for the motor and circuitry for opening the current maintaining path at the end of the vibration period may be opened. If the motor is switched off at the end of the vibration period, the opening of the current maintaining path allows the motor to function as a generator, whereby the electric energy stored in the electric motor can be passed off quickly through the current maintaining path, which quickly slows down the motor by reducing its rotational energy. Preferably the vibration periods are separated by non-vibration periods in order to distinguish the alert vibrations clearly from other vibrations. This is preferably achieved by periodically interrupting the supply of operation voltage, in particular by periodically applying zero voltage to said electric motor,
|
['G08B600']
|
summary
|
12,192,328
|
[claim] 1. A semiconductor device having multiple convexes formed on a semiconductor substrate, an interlayer insulating film covering the multiple convexes, a through-hole passing through the interlayer insulating film between the adjacent convexes and conductor plug filling the through-hole, the interlayer insulating film comprising: a hygroscopic insulating film filling between the convexes adjacent to each other and having a thinner film thickness on the convexes than a film thickness on a flat surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a low-hygroscopic insulating film formed on the hygroscopic insulating film. 2. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the multiple convexes are gate electrodes formed on the semiconductor substrate. 3. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the hygroscopic insulating film is an O3-TEOS film. 4. A semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the hygroscopic insulating film is an O3-TEOS film. 5. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a refractory metal silicide layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate between the convexes adjacent to each other. 6. A semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein a refractory metal silicide layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate between the convexes adjacent to each other. 7. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the film thickness of the hygroscopic insulating film on the convexes is 5 nm or more. 8. A semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the film thickness of the hygroscopic insulating film on the convexes is 5 nm or more. 9. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the low-hygroscopic insulating film is a plasma TEOS film. 10. A semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the low-hygroscopic insulating film is a plasma TEOS film. 11. A semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the through-hole is 80 nm or less. 12. A semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein a diameter of the through-hole is 80 nm or less. 13. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of: forming gate electrodes on a semiconductor substrate; forming a hygroscopic insulating film covering the gate electrodes; forming a first low-hygroscopic insulating film on the hygroscopic insulating film; exposing the hygroscopic insulating film on the gate electrodes to an upper surface and reducing the film thickness of the exposed hygroscopic insulating film by planarizing a surface of a laminated film consisting of the hygroscopic insulating film and the first low-hygroscopic insulating film; forming a second low-hygroscopic insulating film on the planarized laminated film; forming a through-hole passing through the second low-hygroscopic insulating film and the hygroscopic insulating film with the reduced film thickness at the time of the planarizing; and filling the through-hole with a conductor. 14. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the hygroscopic insulating film is an O3-TEOS film. 15. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the first low-hygroscopic insulating film is a plasma TEOS film. 16. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the second low-hygroscopic insulating film is a plasma TEOS film. 17. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the hygroscopic insulating film and the first low-hygroscopic insulating film are simultaneously planarized in the planarizing. 18. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the planarizing is carried out by chemical mechanical polishing. 19. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the planarizing is carried out by etch back using dry etching.
|
['H01L2348' 'H01L2144']
|
claim
|
11,900,268
|
[claim] 1. A position measuring arrangement for detecting a relative position of a scanning unit and a reflection scale graduation which is moved in relation to said scanning unit in a measuring direction, the position measuring arrangement comprising: a reflection scale graduation; and a scanning unit comprising a plurality of optical elements, said plurality of optical elements comprising; a combining grating; a retro-reflector element; a scanning grating; and a plurality of detector elements, wherein said plurality of optical elements are arranged so that: light beams and/or partial light beams of a scanning beam path act on said reflection scale graduation at least twice, and in the course of this a plane is defined on the one hand by incident light beams and/or partial light beams that impinge on said reflection scale graduation, and on the other hand by reflected partial light beams that reflect off of said reflection scale graduation, wherein said plane is oriented perpendicularly to a graduation plane defined by said reflection scale graduation, a directional reversal of said incident partial light beams impinging on said reflection scale graduation perpendicularly with respect to said measuring direction takes place by said retro-reflector element; and a pair of partial light beams impinges in a non-parallel manner on said combining grating, and said combining grating brings said partial light beams impinging on said combining grating to interference, so that phase-shifted signals are detected by said plurality of detector elements. 2. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said pair of partial light beams impinging on said combining grating do so symmetrically at identical angles in relation to an optical axis. 3. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said combining grating comprises a transmission grating and has a graduation period (TPVG) such that it assures that a deflection of said pair of partial light beams impinging on said combining grating results in a plurality of co-linearly exiting orders of diffraction taking place, which act on downstream arranged ones of said plurality of detector elements. 4. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 3, wherein said combining grating has a structure so that a deflection of said pair of partial light beams impinging on said combining grating takes place in such a way that one of said plurality of co-linearly exiting orders of diffraction is propagated perpendicularly with respect to said graduation plane. 5. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 4, wherein said combining grating comprises a phase grating, and has a strip thickness and a strip width that are dimensioned in such a way that three signals, phase-shifted by 120°, are detected by said downstream arranged ones of said plurality of detector elements. 6. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said combining grating and said plurality of detector elements are embodied as a structured detector arrangement. 7. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said combining grating comprises a location-dependent deflection grating. 8. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanning unit comprises a plurality of scanning gratings, wherein said plurality of scanning gratings and said combining grating are arranged mirror-symmetrically, wherein a plane of symmetry is oriented perpendicularly with respect to said measuring direction and parallel with respect to an optical axis. 9. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanning unit further comprises a reflector element comprising a ridge prism whose ridge is oriented parallel with respect to said measuring direction. 10. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said retro-reflector element comprises several combined deflection/lens elements, as well as at least one flat reflector element, and a focal plane of the lens elements is located in a plane of said at least one flat reflector element. 11. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 10, wherein said combined lens elements comprise diffractive lens elements, said deflection elements comprise scanning gratings, and said lens elements and deflection elements define combined, diffractive grating-lens elements. 12. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 10, wherein said lens elements comprise diffractive lens elements in the form of cylinder lenses, which have a focusing effect in a line direction of said reflection scale graduation that is perpendicular to said measuring direction. 13. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 10, wherein said lens elements comprise diffractive lens elements in the form of cylinder-symmetrical lens elements, which have a focusing effect in the measuring direction and in a line direction of said reflection scale graduation that is perpendicular to said measuring direction. 14. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 10, wherein said retro-reflector element comprises a plane-parallel support substrate, wherein said substrate comprises: a first side facing said reflection scale graduation that includes several gratings arranged thereon; and a second side facing away from said reflection scale graduation that includes said at least one flat reflector element arranged thereon. 15. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein impact locations of said pair of partial light beams impinging on said combining grating meet one another at said combining grating. 16. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said retro-reflector element comprises a monolithic unit on a support element. 17. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanning unit comprises a plurality of scanning gratings, wherein said plurality of scanning gratings and said combining grating are arranged mirror-symmetrically, wherein a plane of symmetry is oriented parallel with respect to said measuring direction and parallel with respect to an optical axis. 18. The position measuring arrangement in accordance with claim 1, wherein said scanning unit further comprises: a light source that emits light beams; an optical collimation device that receives said emitted light beams and forms collimated light beams; wherein said scanning unit is structured so that: said collimated light beams impinge for a first time on said reflection scale graduation, where splitting into two partial
|
['G01B1102' 'G01D536']
|
claim
|
12,650,124
|
[summary] A firearm, in general, includes a frame having a top surface and defining an inner cavity having a firing pin channel, a slide reciprocally mounted to the top surface, a trigger rotatably mounted to the frame, and a hammer-type firing mechanism including a hammer rotatably mounted in the inner cavity and connected to the trigger via a trigger bar and a firing pin reciprocally disposed in the firing pin channel and engageable with the hammer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a firearm that includes a manual slide and hammer lock safety mechanism that controllably locks the slide from moving on the frame and the hammer from rotating in the frame. For instance, the firearm further includes a manual slide and hammer lock safety mechanism including a tab rotatably mounted about a pivot in the frame such that the tab may be moved out of (“off”) or into (“on”) a space formed between a recess in the slide and a protrusion from the frame. When in the “off” position, the rotatable tab does not interfere with the ordinary operation of the firearm. However, when in the “on” position, the rotatable tab blocks the movement of the slide relative to the frame thus preventing the firearm from discharging even if the trigger movement has been attempted. The manual slide and hammer lock safety mechanism also includes a detent spring that is mounted substantially vertically along the front edge of the tab and engages a triangular protrusion therefrom. As the tab is rotated between the “on” and “off” positions, the detent spring is displaced forward. Thus, when the tab is in an intermediate position, the tab is biased under the detent spring's pressure toward either the “on” or “off” position. Accordingly, the firearm can be manually disengaged predictably and, thus, safely. It is an object of the present invention to provide a manual slide and hammer lock safety mechanism that is mounted on the frame. Such positioning improves accessibility for the operator. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a manual safety for a firearm is provided. The firearm has a frame. The manual safety includes a slide having a lower edge for reciprocally mounting to a frame, wherein the lower edge defines a slide recess, and a tab rotatably mounted to a frame and being releasably engageable with the slide recess, whereby actuation of the tab into engagement with the slide recess blocks the slide from reciprocating on a frame, disabling the firearm. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a firearm having a manual safety is provided. The firearm includes a frame having a frame protrusion formed on a side of the frame and rearward on the frame, wherein the frame protrusion has a substantially quadrilateral shape, a slide having a lower edge reciprocally mounted to the frame, wherein the lower edge defines a triangular slide recess, a tab pivot located substantially below the frame protrusion, a tab rotatably mounted to the tab pivot and being releasably engageable with the slide recess, wherein the tab has a grooved portion for promoting traction and facilitating manipulation by a user and a triangular protrusion that extends from a frontward edge of the tab, and a detent spring mounted to the frame and releasably engageable with the triangular protrusion, wherein the detent spring biases the tab into and out of engagement with the slide recess, whereby actuation of the tab into engagement with the slide recess blocks the slide from reciprocating on a frame, disabling the firearm, wherein the tab abuts the frame protrusion when actuated into engagement with the slide recess. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a manual safety for a firearm is provided. The firearm has a frame and a hammer-type firing mechanism mounted to the frame. The manual safety includes a hammer of a hammer-type firing mechanism rotatably mounted to a frame, wherein the hammer defines a hammer recess, a tab rotatably mounted to a frame and having a tab extension that protrudes laterally from the tab, wherein the tab extension is releasably engageable with the hammer recess, whereby actuation of the tab extension into engagement with the hammer recess blocks the hammer from rotating on a frame, disabling the firearm. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a firearm having a manual safety and a hammer-type firing mechanism is provided. The firearm includes a frame having a frame protrusion formed on a side of the frame and rearward on the frame, wherein the frame protrusion has a substantially quadrilateral shape, and a frontward wall that, in part, defines a frame recess formed in the side of the frame adjacent to a lower end of a hammer-type firing mechanism, a hammer of a hammer-type firing mechanism rotatably mounted to the frame, wherein the hammer defines a hammer recess connecting to the frame recess, a tab pivot located substantially below the frame protrusion, a tab rotatably mounted to the frame and having a tab extension that protrudes laterally from the tab, wherein the tab extension is releasably engageable with the hammer recess, wherein the tab has a grooved portion for promoting traction and facilitating manipulation by a user and a triangular protrusion that extends from a frontward edge of the tab, and a detent spring mounted to the frame and releasably engageable with the triangular protrusion, wherein the detent spring biases the tab into and out of engagement with the slide recess, whereby actuation of the tab extension into engagement with the hammer recess blocks the hammer from rotating in a frame, disabling the firearm. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a firearm having a manual safety and a hammer-type firing mechanism is provided. The firearm includes a frame having a frame protrusion formed on the side of the frame and rearward on the frame, wherein the frame protrusion has a substantially quadrilateral shape, and defining a frame recess in a side of the frame adjacent to a lower
|
['F41A1732']
|
summary
|
11,439,325
|
[description] Definitions In describing the present invention, the following terms will be employed, and are intended to be defined as indicated below. The terms “WSX receptor” or “WSX receptor polypeptide” when used herein encompass native sequence WSX receptor; WSX receptor variants; WSX extracellular domain; and chimeric WSX receptor (each of which is defined herein). Optionally, the WSX receptor is not associated with native glycosylation. “Native glycosylation” refers to the carbohydrate moieties which are covalently attached to WSX receptor when it is produced in the mammalian cell from which it is derived in nature. Accordingly, human WSX receptor produced in a non-human cell is an example of a WSX receptor which is “not associated with native glycosylation”. Sometimes, the WSX receptor is unglycosylated (e.g.,as a result of being produced recombinantly in a prokaryote). “WSX ligand” is a molecule which binds to and activates native sequence WSX receptor (especially WSX receptor variant 13.2). The ability of a molecule to bind to WSX receptor can be determined by the ability of a putative WSk ligand to bind to WSX receptor immunoadhesin (see Example 2) coated on an assay plate, for example. The thymidine incorporation assay provides a means for screening for WSX ligands which activate the WSX receptor. Exemplary WSX ligands include anti-WSX receptor agonist antibodies and OB protein (e.g., described in Zhang et al. Nature 372:425-431 (1994)). The terms “OB protein” and “OB” are used interchangeably herein and refer to native sequence OB proteins (also known as “leptins”) and their functional derivatives. A “native sequence” polypeptide is one which has the same amino acid sequence as a polypeptide (e.g., WSX receptor or OB protein) derived from nature. Such native sequence polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means. Thus, a native sequence polypeptide can have the amino acid sequence of naturally occurring human polypeptide, murine polypeptide, or polypeptide from any other mammalian species. The term “native sequence WSX receptor” specifically encompasses naturally-occurring truncated forms of the WSX receptor, naturally-occurring variant forms (e.g.,alternatively spliced forms such as human WSX receptor variants 6.4, 12.1 and 13.2 described herein) and naturally-occurring allelic variants of the WSX receptor. The preferred native sequence WSX receptor is a mature native sequence human WSX receptor, such as human WSX receptor variant 6.4, human WSX receptor variant 12.1 or human WSX receptor variant 13.2 (each shown in FIGS. 2A-D). Most preferred is mature human WSX receptor variant 13.2. The term “native sequence OB protein” includes those OB proteins from any animal species (e.g. human, murine, rabbit, cat, cow, sheep, chicken, porcine, equine, etc.) as occurring in nature. The definition specifically includes variants with or without a glutamine at amino acid position 49, using the amino acid numbering of Zhang et al., supra. The term “native sequence OB protein” includes the native proteins with or without the initiating N-terminal methionine (Met), and with or without the native signal sequence, either in monomeric or in dimeric form. The native sequence human and murine OB proteins known in the art are 167 amino acids long, contain two conserved cysteines, and have the features of a secreted protein. The protein is largely hydrophilic, and the predicted signal sequence cleavage site is at position 21, using the amino acid numbering of Zhang et al., supra. The overall sequence homology of the human and murine sequences is about 84%. The two proteins show a more extensive identity in the N-terminal region of the mature protein, with only four conservative and three non-conservative substitutions among the residues between the signal sequence cleavage site and the conserved Cys at position 117. The molecular weight of OB protein is about 16 kD in a monomeric form. The “WSX receptor extracellular domain” (ECD) is a form of the WSX receptor which is essentially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of WSX receptor, i.e., has less than 1% of such domains, preferably 0.5 to 0% of such domains, and more preferably 0.1 to 0% of such domains. Ordinarily, the WSX receptor ECD will have an amino acid sequence having at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of the ECD of WSX receptor indicated in FIGS. 2A-D for human WSX receptor variants 6.4, 12.1 and 13.2, preferably at least about 98%, more preferably at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity, and thus includes WSX receptor variants as defined below. A “variant” polypeptide means a biologically active polypeptide as defined below having less than 100% sequence identity with a native sequence polypeptide (e.g., WSX receptor having the deduced amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 1A-H for human WSX receptor variant 13.2). Such variants include polypeptides wherein one or more amino acid residues are added at the N- or C-terminus of, or within, the native sequence; from about one to thirty amino acid residues are deleted, and optionally substituted by one or more amino acid residues; and derivatives of the above polypeptides, wherein an amino acid residue has been covalently modified so that the resulting product has a non-naturally occurring amino acid. Ordinarily, a biologically active WSX receptor variant will have an amino acid sequence having at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity with human WSX receptor variant 13.2 shown in FIGS. 1A-J, preferably at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 99%. Ordinarily, a biologically active OB protein variant will have an amino acid sequence having at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity with a native sequence OB protein, preferably at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 99%. A “chimeric” OB protein or WSX receptor is a polypeptide comprising OB protein or full-length WSX receptor or one or more domains thereof (e.g.,the extracellular domain of the WSX receptor) fused or bonded to heterologous polypeptide. The chimeric WSX receptor will generally share at least one biological property in common with human WSX receptor variant 13.2. The chimeric OB protein will generally share at least one biological property in common with a native sequence OB protein.
|
['A61K39395' 'G01N3353' 'C12P2104' 'C07K1628']
|
detailed_description
|
11,418,752
|
[description] FIG. 1 illustrates an undersea weapon 10 having a handle 12 and knife blade 14. The knife blade has at least a first cutting surface 16 and, preferably, also has a second cutting surface 18. As such, the undersea weapon 10 is useful for use by a diver to cut ropes, vegetation and other objects. An aperture 20 extends to the first cutting surface 16 at an angle to a longitudinal axis of the undersea weapon. A trigger 22 is disposed between the handle 12 and knife blade 14. When the trigger is depressed, a compressed gas contained within the handle is released via aperture 20. If the knife blade 14 has pierced an undersea creature, the compressed gas is injected into the creature causing damage to the creature's tissue and organs, thereby disabling it. The gas also increases the buoyancy of the creature causing it to rise toward the surface and suffer severe overexpansion damage by rapid expansion of the gas due to the release of ambient pressure as the creature rises to the surface. The knife handle is of a length and diameter to be easily held by a diver wearing rubberized gloves. An exemplary handle has a length of from five to eight inches and a diameter on the order of between 1.2 and 1.5 inches. The length of the knife blade is dependent on the intended uses and the creatures most likely to be encountered. Exemplary knife blades are from four inches to eight inches in length. FIG. 2 illustrates the undersea weapon 10 in cross-sectional representation. The handle 12 includes an internal cavity 24 shaped to received a compressed gas cylinder 26. An exemplary compressed gas cylinder has a diameter of about one inch and a length of about 3.5 inches. The compressed gas cylinder holds about 80 inches3 of gas and a nominal pressure of 850 pounds per square inch at 70° F. The gas is preferably non-flammable and most preferably is carbon dioxide. Rapid expansion of the gas on release from the compressed gas cylinder occurs with a significant reduction of temperature, on the order of −60° F. for CO2. Therefore, further incapacitation of the creature if caused by the cryogenic effect of the expanding gas. Suitable CO2 compressed gas cylinders may be obtained from Leland Limited, Inc. of South Plainfield, N.J. Referring to FIG. 3, the handle 12 includes an apertured washer 28 that is shown in frontal view in FIG. 4. The apertured washer includes cylinder neck aperture 30. As shown in FIG. 2, the neck of the compressed gas cylinder 26 extends through the cylinder neck aperture 30 while the remainder of the compressed gas cylinder is held substantially fixed in place within internal cavity 24. Referring back to FIG. 3, the handle 12 terminates at a butt end 32 that may include a hook or hole 34 for attaching the knife to the diver's belt or elsewhere. The front end 36 of the handle 12 includes internal threads 38 for engaging the knife blade. The outer surface 40 of the handle may include ridges or other features to enable the diver to more firmly grasp the knife. The handle is formed from a corrosion resistant material such as anodize aluminum. Referring back to FIG. 2, external threads 42 on the aft end 44 of the knife blade 14 engage the internal threads 38 of the handle 12 forming a unitary knife 10. FIG. 5 illustrates the knife blade 14 in cross-sectional representation. Aft end 44 of the knife blade 14 includes external threads 42 for engaging the handle and internal threads 46 for engaging a conduit as described below. Forward of the aft end 44 is a plate 48 having a first gas transmitting aperture 50 and a vent hole 52 extending therethrough. The forward end of the plate 48 defines a sidewall of a trigger receiving cavity 54. When the trigger is not depressed, pressurized gas flows though the first gas transmitting aperture 50 and is blocked by an O-ring circumscribing the trigger. When the trigger is intentionally depressed, pressurized gas flows through the first gas transmitting aperture 50 and exits at aperture 20 via through internal bore 56. As shown in FIG. 6, the knife blade 14h as a relatively (on the order of 0.25 inch) thick central portion 58 terminating at first 16 and second 18 relatively thin cutting surfaces. The internal bore 56 extends through the central portion 58 and has a diameter that is from 0.25 to 0.75, and preferably about 0.5 times the thickness of the central portion. The internal bore may have any desired cross-section and may be formed by any suitable means. After the knife blade is cast, the internal bore is formed by any suitable subtractive process such as drilling, laser ablation or electrical discharge machining (EDM). The knife blade is formed from a durable, corrosion-resistant material, such as stainless steel. Referring back to FIG. 5, the internal bore 56 terminates at aperture 20. Aperture 20 exits the knife blade 14 at an angle, α, relative to a longitudinal axis 60 of the knife blade, of between 15° and 75° and preferably the angle, α, is from 30° to 40°. It is a benefit of the angle, α, that by being less than 90° the compressed gas penetrates more deeply into the pierced creature. FIG. 7 illustrates a trigger 22 in cross-sectional representation. The trigger has a central shaft 62 formed from a corrosion resistant high strength material, such as stainless steel. A first blind bore 64 aligns with a trigger guide (66 in FIG. 2) to prevent the trigger from jamming. Surrounding the central shaft 62 are a plurality of compliant bands, such as first 68, second 70 and third 72 neoprene O-rings. The O-rings are sized to be slightly larger than the diameter of the trigger receiving cavity (54 in FIG. 5) and form a compression fit to keep the trigger in a not actuated position until depressed
|
['B26B300' 'B26B1100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,921,095
|
[summary] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a flexible polyurethane foam-forming composition which, under polyurethane foam-forming conditions, provides a flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam, the composition comprising: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one polyisocyanate; c) at least one blowing agent; d) at least one catalyst for the polyurethane foam-forming reaction; e) at least one halogen-free flame retardant phosphonate compound which is substantially unreactive for isocyanate, contains at least about 5 weight percent phosphorus, has an acid value of about 2 mg KOH/g or less, a volatility as measured by thermogravimetric analysis not exceeding a 5.0 percent weight loss at a temperature of about 150° C. and a weight average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000; and, f) optionally, one or more other components. Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a flexible polyurethane foam-forming composition which, under polyurethane foam-forming conditions, provides a flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam, the composition comprising: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one polyisocyanate; c) at least one blowing agent; d) at least one catalyst for the polyurethane-forming reaction; e) at least one halogen-free flame retardant phosphonate compound of the general formula wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently is a hydrocarbyl group of from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms or are joined together with their respective oxygen atoms and the phosphorus atom to form a heterocyclic ring having at least 5 ring members; R 3 is a divalent alkylene group of up to about 8 carbon atoms, Z is —O—, —S— or —C(X 1 ) X 2 — wherein X 1 and X 2 each independently is O or S; R 4 is a hydrocarbon residue of up to about 8 carbon atoms having a valence equal to n and n is an integer of 1 to 4, provided, when Z is —C(O)O—, n is 2 to 4; and, f) optionally, one or more other components.
|
['C08K55333']
|
summary
|
11,124,932
|
[claim] 1. A method of making a composite material comprising: granulating a mixture of gypsum, peanut hulls, and a binder to form a granulated composite material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the granulated composite material comprises: (a) from about 45 to about 49 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 45 to about 49 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the granulated composite material comprises: (a) substantially equal amounts of gypsum and peanut hulls; and (b) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the granulated composite material comprises: (a) from about 46 to about 48 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 46 to about 48 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 4 to about 8 wt % binder. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the granulated composite material comprises: (a) from about 45 to about 46 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 45 to about 46 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) about 7 wt % binder. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the binder is a citrus-based binder, calcium lignosulfonate, or any combination thereof. 7. A method of making a carrier for a chemical comprising: combining gypsum, peanut hulls, and a binder to form a carrier composition; and granulating the carrier composition to form a carrier. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: (a) drying the carrier; (b) screening the carrier; (c) separating the carrier into undersized cuts, product cuts, and oversized cuts; or (d) any combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the carrier comprises: (a) from about 45 to about 49 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 45 to about 49 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the binder is a citrus-based binder, calcium lignosulfonate, or any combination thereof. 11. A method of making composite granules comprising: (a) granulating a mixture comprising gypsum, peanut hulls, binder, and water to form composite granules; (b) drying the composite granules to a water content of from about 25 wt % to about 35 wt %; (c) optionally, screening the composite granules to achieve a desired granule size; and (d) further drying the composite granules to a water content of less than about 1 wt %. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the composite granules comprise: (a) from about 45 to about 49 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 45 to about 49 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the composite granule is an absorbent granule. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the composite granule is a carrier for a chemical. 15. A method of making an agricultural product comprising: (a) preparing a granulated mixture of gypsum, peanut hulls, and a binder; (b) contacting the granulated mixture with an agricultural chemical to form an agricultural product; and (c) optionally, drying the agricultural product. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the granulated mixture comprises: (a) from about 45 to about 49 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 45 to about 49 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the granulated mixture comprises: (a) substantially equal amounts of gypsum and peanut hulls; and (b) from about 2 to about 10 wt % binder. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the granulated mixture comprises: (a) from about 46 to about 48 wt % gypsum; (b) from about 46 to about 48 wt % peanut hulls; and (c) from about 4 to about 8 wt % binder. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the binder is a citrus-based binder, calcium lignosulfonate, or any combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the agricultural chemical is a pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, nematicide, fertilizer, soil ameliorant, biocide, or any combination thereof.
|
['A01K2900']
|
claim
|
12,117,352
|
[description] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a bed suitable for a pet, such as a dog or cat is provided. Preferably, the bed is at least partially customizable, for example, by providing a substantially wide selection of covers and sizes. These covers are presented on display at the store separated from interchangeable beds that can fit into multiple covers. Such options may permit the user to select a bed that best fits the pet and the space in which the bed will be placed, and may further permit the user to find a bed that is most aesthetically pleasing to the user. It also permits a store to stock a larger variety of covers, since the separate covers do not take up as much room as the beds. Referring to FIGS. 1-4D, an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a mattress 100 that is compressible and expandable. More specifically, when packaged for sale, display or transport, mattress 100 may be compressed and maintained sealed in the compressed state. Mattress 100 may be compressed by various methods, such as by the use of rollers, presses, wraps, straps, or other restraining devices, then restrained in the compressed state. Alternatively, mattress 100 may be compressed by placing mattress 100 in an airtight container, such as a plastic bag, and having the air removed from the bag and preferably the mattress. Once compressed, mattress 100 is preferably maintained in the compressed state by a retaining device, by way of non-limiting example, a strap, a wrap, a container such as a box or bag, and the like. By way of non-limiting example, a process for compressing mattress 100 is illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4E. In FIG. 4A, mattress 100 is illustrated in its expanded state. As shown in FIG. 4B, mattress 100 can be rolled up and inserted into a bag 170 as shown in FIG. 4C. The air from within bag 170 can be removed and bag 170 can be sealed to prevent air from entering bag 170. As the air is removed from bag 170, air is preferably also removed from within mattress 100, thus compressing it. FIG. 4D illustrates an embodiment of mattress 100 placed within bag 170 prior to being compressed. FIG. 4E shows mattress 100 in bag 170 after being compressed, more specifically, after air has been removed from within bag 170. Preferably, the volume of mattress 100 in the compressed state is approximately 20-25% of the volume of mattress 100 in the expanded state. Because air is prevented from entering bag 170 thereafter, mattress 100 preferably remains in the compressed state. The compressed mattress 100 is preferably further retained in the compressed state by being inserted into a box 180 as shown in FIG. 4F. One example of a suitable retaining device includes a polyester bag 170, preferably a laminated polyester bag having relatively good barrier properties. Preferably, bag 170 is sealed to prevent the introduction of air into bag 170. Alternatively, a combination of retaining devices may be used. For example, mattress 100 may be sealed in a bag and packaged into a box 180, as a corrugated box, preferably a laminated high grade corrugated box, more preferably a folding box. Mattress 100 may also be strapped in the compressed state and placed into a bag or box, etc. without deviating from the scope of the invention. Preferably, once the retaining device is removed, for example, by taking mattress 100 out of the container, releasing the straps, etc., mattress 100 can expand to its natural, expanded state. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, mattress 100 is expanded naturally without the use of an external device. Alternatively, an expanding device may be used. This expanded state is preferably naturally maintained and is further substantially maintained while in use. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the volume of mattress 100 in the compressed state is approximately 5 to 50% of the expanded state, more preferably approximately 14 to 30%, most preferably approximately 20 to 25%. Once mattress 100 is in the expanded state, it may be placed on the floor or other desirable surface. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, mattress 100 is placed directly on the floor. Alternatively, mattress 100 may be placed on or in a support structure such as a basket, a frame, a stand, a housing, etc. without deviating from the scope of the invention. Referring to FIGS. 1-2, an embodiment of mattress 100 may comprise a covering 142 and a filling 124, 144 retained within covering 142. Preferably, covering 142 comprises a woven or non-woven material, more preferably a non-woven material. Filling 124, 144 preferably comprises fiberfill, foam, viscoelastic materials (“memory foam”), and/or other manmade or natural materials. In accordance with an embodiment of the mattress illustrated in FIG. 1, mattress 100 may include one or more chambers 120, 140, preferably separated by a divider 130. Whereas divider 130 may comprise a variety of materials, a preferred material for divider 130 includes a flexible material, more preferably a foam material, and most preferably open cell polyurethane foam. Such chambers 120, 140 may facilitate the expansion of mattress 100 once the retaining device is removed, and may further facilitate maintaining mattress 100 in the expanded state. Chambers 120, 140 may also add support for the pet when the pet is lying on mattress 100. As shown in FIG. 1, divider 130 may define a first chamber 120 therewithin and divider 130 and covering 142 may collectively define a second chamber 140. Alternatively, divider 130 may include one, two or more walls to provide two or more chambers defined by covering 142 and/or divider 130 without deviating from the scope of the invention. Referring to FIG. 2, mattress 100′ may further include a liner 160, preferably a waterproof liner 160. Liner 160 may be removable or fixed to the covering 142 as a matter of application specific design choice. Liner 160 preferably protects mattress 100′ from wetness, accidents,
|
['A01K1015' 'A47F730']
|
detailed_description
|
11,605,563
|
[invention] Dentifrice compositions such as toothpastes are routinely used by consumers as part of their oral care hygiene regimens. It is well known that oral care products can provide both therapeutic and cosmetic hygiene benefits to consumers. Therapeutic benefits include, but are not limited to, caries prevention, gingivitis prevention, and hypersensitivity control. Cosmetic benefits include, but are not limited to, control of plaque and calculus formulation, removal and prevention of tooth stain, tooth whitening, breath freshening, and mouth feel aesthetics such as fresh sensation or slippery sensory feel. Usage of abrasive material such as silica has long been considered critical for delivering the above mentioned therapeutic and cosmetic benefits of a dentifrice composition. Abrasive materials provide physical abrasion between toothbrush and teeth to clean plaque, stain, and calculus, while also build rheology and structure of the dentifrice for maintaining thermal stability of the overall formulation. At the same time, however, usage of abrasive materials may also have certain negative effects to overall formulation. For example, the cost of silica itself is expensive. Further, silica adsorbs components in a typical dentifrice composition such as active agents, flavors, and foaming agents, thereby the concentrations of these components must be adjusted according to the foreseen loss by silica. Still further, certain active agents such as cetylpyridinium chloride have poor compatibility with silica, and therefore cannot be included in a dentifrice composition, despite its known effectiveness. In another aspect, it is a conception of the general consumer that abrasive materials may erode the enamel, if the teeth are brushed too intensively. Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a dentifrice composition free of abrasives, which can still deliver the benefits of a regular dentifrice composition. Specifically, there is a need for an abrasive-free dentifrice composition which is thermally stable, and which can deliver the same cleaning benefits as abrasive-including compositions on the market.
|
['A61K821' 'A61K846']
|
background
|
11,216,507
|
[claim] 2. A method, comprising: contacting an ischemic tissue concurrently with at least a first cultured three-dimensional tissue, wherein the cultured three-dimensional tissue is in an amount sufficient to promote one or more biological activities associated with the healing of ischemic tissue. 3. The method of claim 2, in which the ischemic tissue is further contacted with at least a second cultured three-dimensional tissue. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the cultured three-dimensional tissue is in an amount sufficient to reduce or prevent tissue remodeling associated with ischemia. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising attaching the cultured three-dimensional tissue to the ischemic tissue using a degradable or non-degradable suture, a biologic glue, a synthetic glue, a laser dye, a hydrogel, or by cellular attachment. 6. The method of claim 2 in which the ischemic tissue is heart tissue. 7. The method of claim 6 in which the ischemia is reversible. 12. The method of claim 6 in which the cultured three-dimensional tissue is in an amount sufficient to improve the ejection fraction of the treated heart. 13. The method of claim 6 in which the ischemic heart tissue is contacted with a first and at least second cultured three-dimensional tissues. 16. A method of improving the ejection fraction of a diseased heart comprising contacting an ischemic region of the diseased heart with an effective amount of a cultured three-dimensional tissue. 17. A method of treating a patient suffering from coronary artery disease comprising contacting an ischemic region of the patient's heart with an effective amount of a cultured three-dimensional tissue. 18. A method of treating a patient suffering from left ventricular dysfunction and reversible myocardial ischemia comprising contacting an ischemic region of the patient's heart with an effective amount of a cultured three-dimensional tissue. 19. The method of claim 16 in which the effective amount of the cultured three-dimensional tissue is sufficient to induce angiogenesis in the ischemic heart tissue. 20. The method of claim 16 in which the effective amount of the cultured three-dimensional tissue is sufficient to improve the ejection fraction of the diseased heart. 21. The method of claim 16 in which the ischemic heart tissue is contacted with a first and at least a second cultured three-dimensional tissue. 23. The method of claim 2 in which the cultured three-dimensional tissue comprises fibroblasts. 26. The method of claim 25 in which the vascular smooth muscle cells are aortic smooth muscle cells. 27. The method of claim 2 in which the cultured three-dimensional tissue comprises cardiac muscle cells. 28. The method of claim 2 in which the cultured three-dimensional tissue comprises stem cells. 29. The method of claim 2 in which the cultured three-dimensional tissue comprises a plurality of cell types, each of the plurality of cell types independently selected from the group consisting of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, macrophages, monocytes, leukocytes, plasma cells, mast cells and/or adipocytes. 35. The method of claim 2 in which the cells of the cultured three-dimensional tissue are attached to a scaffold comprising a degradable material. 36. The method of claim 35 in which the degradable material comprises polyglycolic acid, polylactide, polylactide-co-glycolic acid, catgut sutures, cellulose, gelatin, collagen, or dextran.
|
['A61K3534']
|
claim
|
11,358,743
|
[description] The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various articles of apparel that incorporate an electronic device and have a covering material that covers the electronic device. The articles of apparel and electronic devices include those described in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/987,577 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In general, the articles of apparel are formed from a material element, such as a textile or polymer sheet, that defines an aperture. The electronic device may be positioned within the aperture and secured to the material element. In addition, the electronic device may be detached from the material element and removed from the aperture. That is, the electronic device may be separated from a remainder of the article of apparel. This configuration permits the remainder of the article of apparel, including the material element, to go through a washing process in the absence of the electronic device, thereby decreasing the probability of damaging the electronic device during the washing process. This configuration also permits the electronic device to be interchanged with one of a plurality of other electronic devices that perform a different function. In particular, a flexible covering material is attached to the material element so that the covering material at least partially covers the face of the electronic device such that the electronic device cannot be seen when the apparel is being worn. This allows the user to wear the apparel with the electronic device unseen. When the electronic device is activated, the display is at least partially visible through the material and is readable. The display may be modifiable between an unilluminated and illuminated configuration. The covering material is sufficiently flexible in that the material can partially conform against the electronic device. This allows the display to be read through the covering material. If the covering material is too stiff, the material may not conform against the display and the display may not be seen through the material. The covering material may be permanently attached, such as sewn, or removably attached, such as with Velcro. Of course combinations of permanent and removable attachment may be used such as the covering material being sewn onto the material element at one end and attached by Velcro at another end. The material covering the electronic device protects the device from harm such as being scratched. The material is lightweight and allows light from the electronic device, e.g. LED, to shine or glow through the material in such a manner that the display can be read. The electronic device can be activated through the material by touch, e.g. depressing a display button. Thus, the material should be sufficiently flexible to allow the user to activate the electronic device through the covering material. The electronic device can be activated underneath the material by touch if only a portion of the material is attached to the material element. Again, the material should be sufficiently flexible to allow the user to activate the electronic device underneath the material. An article of apparel 10 is depicted in FIG. 1 as including a wristband 20 and a covering material 25 attached to the wristband. As depicted in FIG. 2, an electronic device 30 is attached to the wristband, and covering material 25, shown partially covering the electronic device 30. FIG. 3 shows the wrist band 20 having covering material 25 attached to the wristband and the display of the electronic device being visible through the material. In general, apparel 10 forms a dual-purpose device that may assist athletes with training exercises or competitions. For example, wristband 20 may be utilized to absorb and remove perspiration or other moisture from areas proximal the face of the athlete, and electronic device 30 may be utilized to track and display time, record split or lap times, provide chronographic data, or facilitate communication between two or more individuals (i.e., as a wireless phone or two-way communication device). Following the training exercises or competitions, electronic device 30 may be separated from wristband 20 in order to permit wristband 20 and covering material 25 to go through a washing process in the absence of electronic device 30. Alternately, for example, electronic device 30 may be interchanged with another electronic device. In some embodiments, electronic device 30 may be permanently affixed to wristband 20. Wristband 20 is at least partially formed from a textile material, for example, and exhibits the general configuration of a conventional wristband. Accordingly, the textile material forming wristband 20 forms a looped or generally cylindrical structure having interior dimensions that approximate dimensions of a wrist. Although a variety of textile materials are suitable for wristband 20, exemplar textile materials include either a single-sided terry knit textile or a double-sided terry knit textile. Yams forming the terry knit textile may be formed from fibers and filaments that include natural, synthetic, or combinations of natural and synthetic materials. More particularly, the various terry loops that characterize the terry knit textile may be formed from cotton yarns to promote moisture-absorption and comfort. Other portions of the textile material forming wristband 20 may incorporate an elastic fiber that enhances the stretch and recovery properties of wristband 20, thereby permitting the circumference of wristband 20 to expand and contact in order to assist with placing apparel 10 upon the wrist and accommodate wrists of different size. A suitable elastic fiber is formed from elastane, which is available from E.I. duPont de Nemours Company under the L
|
['A44C500' 'G04B3700' 'A45F314']
|
detailed_description
|
12,108,110
|
[invention] The present invention relates to a tandem pump unit used for various purposes. More particularly, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a tandem pump unit with first and second hydraulic pumps, which respectively cooperate with first and second actuators driven through a hydraulic effect. A hydraulic pump is used in various applications and in particular as the hydraulic pump adapted for operation in association with an actuator driven through the hydraulic effect. The description will hereinafter be made for the tandem pump unit by taking for example the case where it cooperates with first and second hydraulic motors serving as the actuators that respectively drive the right and left drive wheels. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,733 discloses a vehicle including first and second hydraulic pumps respectively connected via first and second hydraulic lines to the first and second hydraulic motors for driving the right and left drive wheels. In this vehicle, the first and second hydraulic motors respectively have outputs variable in response to the adjustment of the input/output flow rates of the first and second hydraulic pumps, thereby controlling the rotational speed and rotational direction of the right and left drive wheels. The vehicle disclosed in the above cited U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,733 has the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump separately arranged from one another, the former being operated in association with the first hydraulic motor, and the latter being operated in association with the second hydraulic motor. These separate hydraulic pumps pose various problems, such as troublesome mounting operation of the first and second hydraulic pump, troublesome conduit setting work between the pumps and the motors, and requiring separate housings which respectively accommodate the first and second hydraulic pumps. The first aspect of the present invention has been therefor conceived in consideration of the prior arts. It is an object of the first aspect of the present invention to provide a tandem pump unit with first and second pumps connected to each other in series, while being connected to actuators via first and second hydraulic lines respectively, and is capable of lowering the manufacturing cost through the simplification of mounting operation and the reduction of the number of parts. The second aspect of the present invention relates to a tandem pump unit with first and second hydraulic pumps, which respectively cooperate with first and second actuators driven through a hydraulic effect. A hydraulic pump is used in various applications and in particular as the hydraulic pump adapted for operation in association with an actuator driven through the hydraulic effect. The description will hereinafter be made for the tandem pump unit by taking for example the case where it cooperate with first and second hydraulic motors serving as the actuators that respectively drive the right and left drive wheels. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,733 discloses a vehicle including first and second hydraulic pumps respectively connected via first and second hydraulic lines to the first and second hydraulic motors for driving the right and left drive wheels. In this vehicle, the first and second hydraulic motors respectively have outputs variable in response to the adjustment of the input/output flow rates of the first and second hydraulic pumps, thereby controlling the rotational speed and rotational direction of the right and left drive wheels. The vehicle disclosed in the above cited US patent has the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump separately arranged from one another, the former being operated in association with the first hydraulic motor, and the latter being operated in association with the second hydraulic motor. These separate hydraulic pumps invite a complicated structure of the feeding passage for charging working hydraulic fluid to the pair of the first and second hydraulic lines, and pose various other problems. A third aspect of the present invention relates to a pump unit with first and second hydraulic pumps that are respectively connected via first and second hydraulic lines to first and second actuators driven through a hydraulic effect. A hydraulic pump is used in various applications and in particular as the hydraulic pump adapted for operation in association with an actuator driven through the hydraulic effect. The description will hereinafter be made for the pump unit by taking for example the case where it includes the first and second hydraulic motors serving as the actuators that respectively drive the right and left drive wheels. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,733 discloses a vehicle including first and second hydraulic pumps respectively connected via first and second hydraulic lines to the first and second hydraulic motors for driving the right and left drive wheels. In this vehicle, the first and second hydraulic motors respectively have outputs variable in response to the adjustment of the input/output flow rates of the first and second hydraulic pumps, thereby controlling the rotational speed and rotational direction of the right and left drive wheels. The vehicle disclosed in the above cited US patent has the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump separately arranged from one another, the former being operated in association with the first hydraulic motor, and the latter being operated in association with the second hydraulic motor. Such a separate arrangement of the hydraulic pumps invites a complicated structure of a feeding passage for feeding working hydraulic fluid from a reservoir tank to the first hydraulic line and the second hydraulic line, and poses various other problems. The third aspect of the present invention has been therefor conceived in consideration of the above prior art. It is an object of the third aspect of the present invention to provide a pump unit with the first and second hydraulic pumps that are respectively connected via the first and second hydraulic lines to the first and second actuators driven through the hydraulic effect, and that is capable of achieving a simplified structure of the feeding passage for feeding working hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic lines extending between the actuators and the hydraulic pumps. A fourth aspect
|
['F04B2304' 'F16D3102']
|
background
|
11,050,491
|
Web based health and wellness resource locator [SEP] [abstract] The current system can include user-initiated, system-prompted and sometimes human-assisted consumer access to specific filters within the automated system. These filters can direct the consumers/patient to a rank ordered list of various health and wellness providers that are relatively available. This list can be segmented by various criteria that are ranked however the consumer chooses. These can include providers that are within the specific health plan or under the insurance coverage or previous pay arrangement of the consumer, or by geographical or zip code locations, and various other optional criteria, including, but not limited to, ethnicity, language, proficiency, gender, experience level, specialization, and the like. The consumer can schedule a consultation/appointment/visit on the appointment schedule of the provider of the consumer's choice after reviewing the options available.
|
['G06Q1000' 'G06F1730']
|
abstract
|
11,382,600
|
INSULATOR FOR HIGH CURRENT ION IMPLANTERS [SEP] [abstract] An insulator usable in high current ion implantation systems includes increased surface due to the configuration of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder coupled to the inner cylinder at one end. A cylindrical cavity extends between the two cylinders increasing the surface area and making the insulator resistant to being coated by a coating that could produce a leakage path.
|
['H01J37317']
|
abstract
|
11,542,664
|
[description] In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale, and some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements, as drawn, are not intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements and have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings. FIG. 1A is a top, front view of a transdermal drug delivery system according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 1B is a top, plan view of a transdermal drug delivery system according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of the iontophoresis device of FIGS. 1A and 1B comprising active and counter electrode assemblies, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the iontophoresis device of FIG. 2A positioned on a biological interface, with an optional outer release line removed to expose the active agent, according to another illustrated embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the iontophoresis device of FIG. 2A further comprising a permeable bacterial barrier layer, according to one illustrated embodiment.
|
['A61N130']
|
detailed_description
|
11,216,179
|
[description] The present invention will be described in details with the embodiments in order to further illustrate the objects, constructions, features and functions of the present invention. The descriptions about the summary mentioned above and the detailed description below are used to illustrate and explain the principles of the present invention, and to provide a further explanation of the claims of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1A, it is a schematic view of a strained Ge layer grown directly on a Si crystal substrate. A FET substrate can be obtained by growing a Ge layer 12 on a Si crystal substrate 10, then growing a Si film protective layer 14 on the Ge layer 12, wherein the orientation of the Si crystal substrate 10 is shown as (100), (110) or (111), and the Si crystal substrate 10 can also be a Si on insulator (SOI) substrate, while the Ge layer 12 can be a pure Ge layer or a SiGe alloy layer. Referring to FIG. 1B, it is a schematic view of a strained Ge FET grown directly on a Si crystal substrate, wherein the Ge layer 12 is fabricated with a low-temperature epitaxy technique, with a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm. The Ge layer 12 in the present embodiment is formed by compressively strain the epitaxy at 525° C. using the Ultra High Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition (UHVCVD), with a thickness about 4 nm, as a transistor carrier channel. While the Si film protective layer 14 is used as an interface of the gate insulation layer 16 for protecting the Ge layer 12 and the transistor, with a thickness ranging from 0.5 nm to 20 nm. The Si film protective layer 14 of the present embodiment is formed at 525° C. by the UHVCVD, with a thickness about 3 nm. Since a Si film protective layer 14 is on the surface of the substrate, the gate insulation layer 16 of the transistor can be SiO2 or high-K dielectric layer material, to obtain a better interface equivalent to the conventional Si process transistor. FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a strained Ge FET substrate grown directly on a Si buffer layer, wherein another strained Ge FET substrate can be obtained by mainly forming a Si buffer layer 20 on a Si crystal substrate 10, next forming a Ge layer 12 on the Si buffer layer 20, and finally forming a Si film protective layer 14 on the Ge layer 12, wherein the thickness of the Si buffer layer is ranging from 0˜1000 μm. Referring to FIG. 2B, it is a strained Ge FET grown directly on a Si buffer layer, wherein the Si buffer layer 20 is formed by the epitaxial Si growth at 525° C. by using the UHVCVD, with a thickness about 40 nm, for assisting the growth of the Ge layer 12. FIG. 3 is a simulation view of an inversion layer thickness of a transistor operated under the inversion region, which is calculated by the simulation software. It can be seen from the simulation view that the inversion layer thickness of the strained Ge FET is thinner than that of the Si FET, due to the quantum confinement effect, and the inversion layer thickness of the strained Ge FET is about 3 nm. In order to enable the carriers transport in the Ge layer 12 to utilize the excellent transport characteristics of the strained Ge, the Ge layer 12 of the present embodiment should thicker than 3 nm. FIG. 4 is a Raman shift spectrum for the bulk Ge substrate and strained Ge layer. According to the Raman shift data of the strained Ge layer compared with the bulk Ge substrate, it can confirm that the Ge layer 12 of the strained Ge substrate is indeed under compressively strain. FIG. 5 is a plot of the interface trap density of bulk Si FET and strained Ge FET. It can be observed from the comparison of the interface trap density, since the Si film protective layer 14 is on the Ge layer 12, if the Si protective layer 14 is thicker than 3 nm, the interface trap density on the surface of the strained Ge FET is similar to that of the bulk Si FET, and thereby the disadvantages of the Ge channel transistor high interface trap density with 1 nm Si protective layer are prevent effectively. FIG. 6 is a graph of the drain current output characteristics of bulk Si FET and strained Ge FET. It can be observed that the strained Ge FET can improve the drain output current effectively. FIG. 7 is a comparison of hole mobility for bulk Si FET and strained Ge FET. It can be observed from that the strained Ge FET can improve the hole mobility by approximately 3.2 times effectively. The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
|
['H01L3100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,335,162
|
[invention] Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that exhibits a wide variety of clinical presentations, histological types and growth rates. In patients with no detectable lymph node involvement (a population thought to be at low-risk) between 20-30% of the patients develop recurrent disease after five to ten years of follow-up. Identification of individuals in this group who are at risk for recurrence cannot be done reliably at present. DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) or copy number polymorphisms (CNPs), such as deletions, insertion and amplifications, are believed to be one of the major genomic alterations that contribute to the carcinogenesis. Both conventional and array-based comparative genomic hybridizations have revealed chromosomal regions that are altered in breast tumors. There is no study, however, that used a high throughput, high resolution platform to investigate the relationship of DNA copy number alterations with breast cancer prognosis.
|
['C12Q168']
|
background
|
12,126,107
|
[invention] Iced confectionery articles of the water ice type are generally manufactured by filling a composition for water ice which is liquid at positive temperature, about 2-3° C., into molds generally made of heat-conducting metal circulating in refrigerant surroundings which cause the composition for water ice to freeze slowly by conduction. The refrigerant surroundings can be a bath of liquid refrigerant, for example brine, or a freezing tunnel with a cold-air flow in which the molds circulate. Once frozen, the articles can be left in the molds which, at the same time, are used as packaging, for example in the case of small cylinders with a “push-up” device or pliable cases in the form of a cylinder flattened at one of its ends. It is also possible to insert a stick into the mass of the iced composition which has not yet solidified through to the core, to continue the solidification, to de-mold the articles by heating the outer surface of the mold, to harden them and then to wrap them, for example in soft sachets or “flow-packs”. Such molded articles generally have a hard texture due to the slow and progressive freezing by conduction, which generates large crystals of ice. Composite iced confectionery articles having a soft texture are known, which consist, in particular, of a core of extruded overrun ice-cream coated with a composition of water ice. These are described, for example, in EP-A-0710074 or WO-A-9804149. The soft texture of the coating is obtained in these processes by immersing the pre-cooled extruded core in a composition for water ice and cooling very rapidly to a temperature <−15° C., for example by dipping in liquid nitrogen so as to harden the coating. It is generally necessary to carry out several successive cycles of dipping and hardening in order to obtain the desired coating thickness. While these products are useful, it would be desirable to have an iced confection that has a supple texture, and the present invention now satisfies this need.
|
['A23G948' 'A23G942' 'A23G904']
|
background
|
11,882,590
|
[summary] The objective of the present invention is to provide a wavelength-converting member that has high emission intensity and that is superior in weather resistance and reliability. In the wavelength-converting member in the present invention, a phosphor on which a cleaning treatment and/or a coating treatment are/is performed is contained in the glass material having a composition of SiO 2 : 30 to 50%, Li 2 O: 0 to 15%, Na 2 O: 0 to 10%, K 2 O: 0 to 10%, Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O: 20 to 30%, B 2 O 3 : 5 to 15%, MgO: 0 to 10%, BaO: 0 to 10%, CaO: 0 to 10%, SrO: 0 to 10%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 10%, ZnO: 0 to 15%, TiO 2 : 10 to 20%, Nb 2 O 5 : 1 to 5%, La 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, and TiO 2 +Nb 2 O 5 +La 2 O 3 : 11 to 20% by mole percentage. In the present invention, a phosphor on which a cleaning treatment and/or a coating treatment are/is performed is used as the phosphor. By using a phosphor on which a cleaning treatment and/or a coating treatment are/is performed according to the present invention, the emission intensity can be increased. An example of the cleaning treatment in the present invention is a process of cleaning the surface of phosphor powder with an acid or pure water. An inorganic acid such as nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and an organic acid such as acetic acid can be used as the acid. A concentration of a solution is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 50% in the case of performing cleaning with an acid solution. An example of a method of performing cleaning includes a method of pouring a solution such as an acid, a phosphor, and pure water into a container such as beaker, cleaning by stirring with a stirring rod etc. By performing a cleaning treatment, impurities such as non-reacted raw material and flux existing near the surface of the phosphor powder can be removed, and emission efficiency of the phosphor can be increased. Further, an example of the coating treatment in the present invention is a process of coating the surface of the phosphor particle with fine particles. Examples of the fine particles include a rare earth element such as Sc, Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Lu, an alkali earth metal element such as Ca and Sr, an oxide of an element such as Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Zn, Sn, Sb, Al, Si, and Ti, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate. The coating amount is preferably 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass. An example of a specific method of the coating treatment is a method of performing an annealing treatment in a reduction atmosphere or a neutral atmosphere after mixing and stirring the phosphor particles and the fine particles with a high speed and attaching the fine particles to the surface of the phosphor particle. Examples of the reduction atmosphere include H 2 and NH 3 , and examples of the neutral atmosphere include N 2 and Ar. An example of a temperature and time of the annealing treatment is generally 100° C. to 1700° C. and 0.1 hour to 10 hours. Further, other methods of the coating treatment in the present invention include a surface coating treatment by sol/gel. By performing a coating treatment on the surface of the phosphor particles according to the present invention, the emission intensity of the phosphor can be improved. In the present invention, the phosphor on which the cleaning treatment and/or the coating treatment are/is performed as described above is included in the glass material of the specific composition described above. Therefore, the wavelength-converting member in the present invention can be manufactured by performing the cleaning treatment and/or the coating treatment on the phosphor and then dispersing the phosphor powder into the glass material by mixing with the glass material of the specific composition described above and melting the glass material. By including the phosphor into the glass material of the specific composition described above according to the present invention, a wavelength-converting member that is superior in weather resistance and reliability can be made. The glass material of the above-described composition has a low softening point in general, for example, it is 600° C. or less, and preferably in the range of 500° C. to 560° C. By using such glass material, the reaction between the glass and the phosphor when the phosphor is included in the glass material can be reduced, and a wavelength-converting member with high emission intensity can be made by suppressing deterioration or decomposition of the phosphor. Further, by using the glass material as a dispersion medium of the phosphor, a wavelength-converting member that is superior in weather resistance and reliability can be made. The reason for prescribing each content of the glass component in the above-described glass material is as follows. SiO 2 is a component constituting a skeleton of the glass. When its content becomes less than 30%, chemical durability tends to deteriorate. On the other hand, when it becomes more than 50%, the sintering (calcining) temperature becomes high and the phosphor easily deteriorates. The more preferred range of SiO 2 is 35% to 45%. B 2 O 3 is a component to remarkably improve the melting property by lowering the melting temperature of the glass. When its content becomes less than 5%, this effect becomes difficult to obtain. On the other hand, when it becomes more than 15%, chemical durability tends to deteriorate. The more preferred range of B 2 O 3 is 7% to 14%. MgO is a component to improve the melting property by lowering the melting temperature of the glass. When its content becomes more than 10%, chemical durability tends to deteriorate. The more preferred range of MgO is 0% to 7%. CaO is a component to improve the melting property by lowering the melting temperature of the
|
['C09K1180' 'C03C3068' 'C03C3095']
|
summary
|
12,197,299
|
[summary] According to a first aspect, the present invention provides an inkjet printhead comprising: an array of droplet ejectors supported on a printhead integrated circuit (IC), each of the droplet ejectors having a nozzle aperture and an actuator for ejecting a droplet of ink through the nozzle aperture; wherein, during printing 100% coverage at full print rate, each of the actuators has an average power consumption less than 1.5 mW. Configuring the actuators for low power ejection causes less cross talk between nozzles and less, if any, excess heat generation. As a result, the density of the droplet ejectors on the printhead IC can increase. Droplet ejector density has a direct bearing on the print resolution and or print speeds. A high density array of nozzles can print to all the addressable locations (the grid of locations on the media substrate at which the printer can print a dot) with less passes of the printhead or ideally, a single pass, as is the case with a pagewidth printhead. In a further preferred form, the average power consumption is between 0.5 mW and 1.0 mW. In a still further preferred form, the array has more than 15,000 of the droplet ejectors and operates at less than 10 Watts during printing 100% coverage at full print rate. Preferably, the printhead IC has drive circuitry for providing the actuators with power, the drive circuitry having patterned layers of metal separated by interleaved layers of dielectric material, the layers of metal being interconnected by conductive vias, wherein the drive circuitry has more than two of the metal layers and each of the metal layers are less than 2 microns thick. Incorporating the drive circuitry and the droplet ejectors onto the same supporting substrate reduces the number of electrical connections needed on the printhead IC and the resistive losses when transmitting power to the actuators. The circuitry on the printhead IC needs to have more than just power and ground metal layers in order to provide the necessary drive FETs, shift registers and so on. However, each metal layer can be thinner and fabricated using well known and efficient techniques employed in standard semiconductor fabrication. Overall, this yields production efficiencies in time and cost. Preferably, the metal layers are each less than 1 micron thick. In a still further preferred form, the metal layers are 0.5 microns thick. Half micron CMOS is often used in semiconductor fabrication and is thick enough to ensure that the connections at the bond pads are reliable. Preferably, the array has a nozzle aperture density of more than 100 nozzle apertures per square millimetre. Preferably, the array has a nozzle aperture density of more than 200 nozzle apertures per square millimetre. In a further preferred form, the array has a nozzle aperture density of more than 300 nozzle apertures per square millimetre. Forming the nozzle apertures within a layer on one side of the underlying wafer instead of laser ablating nozzles in a separated plate that is subsequently mounted to the printhead integrated circuit significantly improves the accuracy of registration between an actuator and its corresponding nozzle. With more precise registration between the nozzle aperture and the actuator, a greater nozzle density is possible. Nozzle density has a direct bearing on the print resolution and or print speeds. A high density array of nozzles can print to all the addressable locations (the grid of locations on the media substrate at which the printer can print a dot) with less passes of the printhead or ideally, a single pass. In some embodiments, the array has more than 2000 droplet ejectors. Preferably, the array has more than 10,000 droplet ejectors. In a further preferred form, the array has more than 15,000 droplet ejectors. Increasing the number of nozzles fabricated on a printhead IC allows larger arrays, faster print speeds and ultimately pagewidth printheads. Preferably, the printhead surface layer is less than 10 microns thick. In a further preferred form, the printhead surface layer is less than 8 microns thick. In a still further preferred form, the printhead surface layer is less than 5 microns thick. In particular embodiments, the printhead surface layer is between 1.5 microns and 3.0 microns. Forming the nozzle apertures in a thin surface layer reduces stresses caused by differential thermal expansion. Thin surface layers mean that the ‘barrel’ of the nozzle aperture is short and has less fluidic drag on the droplets as they are ejected. This reduces the ejection energy that the actuator needs to impart to the ink which in turn reduces the energy needed to be input into the actuator. With the actuators operating at lower power, they can be placed closer together on the printhead IC because there is less cross talk between nozzles and less excess heat generated. The close spacing increases the density of droplet ejectors within the array. Preferably, each of the droplet ejectors in the array is configured to eject droplets with a volume less than 3 pico-litres each. In a further preferred form, each of the droplet ejectors in the array is configured to eject droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-litres each. In a particularly preferred form, the droplets ejected have a volume between 1 pico-litre and 2 pico-litres. Configuring the ejector so that it ejects small volume drops reduces the energy needed to eject drops. Preferably, the actuator in each of the droplet ejectors is configured to generate a pressure pulse in a quantity of ink adjacent the nozzle aperture, the pressure pulse being directed towards the nozzles aperture such that the droplet of ink is ejected through the nozzle aperture, the actuator being positioned in the droplet ejector such that it is less than 30 microns from an exterior surface of the printhead surface layer. Preferably, the actuator is positioned in the droplet ejector such that it is less than 20 microns from an exterior surface of the printhead surface layer. In a further preferred form, the actuator being positioned in the droplet ejector such that
|
['B41J214']
|
summary
|
11,439,620
|
[claim] 1. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon a set of instructions that cause a controller of solid-state disk having a first portion of solid-state memory of a volatile nature and a second portion of solid-state memory of a non-volatile nature to perform a method comprising: (a) receiving at the controller, write data for writing to an assigned address in the non-volatile memory; (b) determining at the controller if there is existing data associated with a write address in the volatile memory, the write address referencing the assigned address; and (c) upon finding data in the volatile memory held for the assigned write address or not at act (b), writing the data into the volatile memory at a predestinated write address in the volatile memory. 2. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 wherein in act (a), the write address is a logical block address (LBA) tabled in a Flash LBA table held in a reserved portion of the volatile memory and the non-volatile memory is one of a NAND Flash memory or another form of non-volatile memory. 3. The machine-readable medium of claim 2 wherein in act (b), the determination is made by looking for a reference to a LBA in volatile memory in the Flash LBA table at the assigned LBA entry in the table. 4. The machine-readable medium of claim 3 wherein in act (c), the predestinated write address is determined by a pointer pointing to the predestinated LBA enumerated in a RAM LBA table held in a reserved portion of the volatile memory and the volatile memory is RAM or a variation thereof. 5. The machine-readable medium of claim 4 wherein in act (c), if previous data was found for the assigned Flash LBA, then the RAM LBA entry in the Ram LBA table associated to the previous data written is updated to invalidate the previous data prior to write to Flash. 6. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 wherein in act (c), the data written is held in the volatile memory until one or more trigger events cause the data to be moved into the non-volatile memory. 7. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 having stored thereon a further set of instructions that cause the controller to perform a method comprising: (a) writing data to the volatile memory of the disk and referencing an address in non-volatile memory to the address of the data in volatile memory; (b) filling a portion of the volatile memory by repeating act (a) until a predetermined full threshold value of data in volatile memory is exceeded; (c) upon exceeding the threshold value of act (b), locating the oldest data written in volatile memory and determining the validity state of that data; and (d) writing the oldest data into the non-volatile memory only if the conditions exist that the data is valid and that no other useable address of the volatile memory can be found to accept the valid data. 8. The machine-readable medium of claim 7 wherein in act (a), the volatile memory is RAM or a variation thereof and the non-volatile memory is a type of Flash or other non-volatile memory. 9. The machine-readable medium of claim 8 wherein in act (a), the addressing is based on LBAs maintained in tables, one representing RAM and one representing Flash. 10. The machine-readable medium of claim 9 wherein in act (c), pointers are used in the table representing RAM space to determine at a given point in time when the threshold value has been exceeded, the determination based on a difference in LBA entry positions. 11. The machine-readable medium of claim 7, further including an act (e) for repeating act (d) according to the conditions only until a predetermined minimum threshold value of data in volatile memory is realized. 12. The machine-readable medium of claim 1, having stored thereon a further set of instructions that cause the controller to perform a method comprising: (a) performing a write operation to an active unit of one or more than one unit of the non-volatile memory portion of the disk; (b) advancing a counter by one increment as a result of act (a); (c) repeating acts (a) and (b) in sequence until a predetermined total number of write operations have been performed to the active portion of non-volatile memory; (d) upon reaching the predetermined value in act (c), activating a previously assigned spare unit of non-volatile memory for access at a new location in the linear space of the non-volatile memory and designating an active unit as the spare unit; (e) resetting the counter to 0 writes; and (f) repeating acts (a) through (e). 13. The machine-readable medium of claim 12 wherein in act (a) the write operation is limited to one LBA or a cluster of LBAs of data written and in act (b) the counter is incremented for each LBA or a cluster of LBAs of data written. 14. The machine-readable medium of claim 12 wherein in act (c) the counter number is compared to a value programmed into the controller memory. 15. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein a further instruction (g) is added for incrementing another counter stored in a portion of the non-volatile memory reserved on the controller, the counter tracking the number of unit rotations which have taken place during the life of the device, the act carried out once for every act (e) carried out. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 1 having stored thereon a further set of instructions that cause the controller to perform a method comprising: (a) accessing a table held in the volatile memory to look up a read address marking the beginning of a requested read operation; (b) determining if data exists in the non-volatile memory or in the volatile memory for the requested read address; (c) upon confirming a memory location representing or associated to the target address, accessing the memory currently holding the data and reading the data; and (d) repeating acts (a) through (c) for each address for which
|
['G06F1300']
|
claim
|
11,449,901
|
[description] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention and its operation are hereinafter described in detail in connection with the views and examples of FIGS. 1-6, wherein like numbers indicate the same or corresponding elements throughout the views. As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a clip 10 for a hat 12 can be attached to the bill 13 of a hat 12. The clip 10 can include a display member 14 (i.e., a bobble head device 15). As more clearly shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the bill 13 of the hat 12 is inserted into the clip 10, thus attaching the clip 10 to the hat 12. The clip 10 has an upper portion 18, a lower portion 20 and a rear portion 22. The upper portion 18 and the lower portion 20 are connected by the rear portion 22. The upper portion 18 and the lower portion 20 have corresponding surfaces 24. These corresponding surfaces 24 face one another such that when the clip 10 is engaged, these corresponding surfaces 24 contact an article inserted into a recess 26 of the clip 10 (for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, where the corresponding surfaces 24 are engaged with the bill 13 of the hat 12). The recess 26 separates the corresponding surfaces 24 of the clip 10. Also as illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2, the display member 14 can be an indicia (not shown). While FIGS. 1 and 2 only illustrate a couple of exemplary embodiments for the display member 14, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that a number of different designs or illustrations can serve as display members 14 which can be associated with the upper portion 18 of the clip 10 such that any number of items can be displayed in association with the clip 10. It is also important to note that in one exemplary embodiment the display member 14 can be integral with the upper portion 18 of the clip 10, but in another exemplary embodiment the clip 10 can be configured to operably receive the display member 14, thus allowing for different types of display members 14 to be applied to the clip 10. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the clip 10 in association with a base 28 to form a clip assembly 30. The base 28 includes an extension portion 32 and an attachment portion 34. The extension portion 32 is configured to be operatively inserted between the corresponding surfaces 24 of the upper portion 18 and the lower portion 20 of the clip 10. The attachment portion 34 is adapted to attach the clip assembly 30 to a surface (not shown). The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3A illustrates a clip assembly 30 wherein the base 28 and the clip 10 are separated in a disconnected state. FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the clip assembly 30 wherein the base 28 is inserted into the clip 10 and are joined in a connected state. The extension portion 32 of the base 28 as shown in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3A and 3B is configured to enter into the recess 26 of the clip 10 and to be operably held to the clip 10 due to the force exerted on the extension portion 32 from the upper portion 18 and the lower portion 20 of the clip 10. The corresponding surfaces 24 place this exerted force onto the extension portion 32 of the base 28 when the extension portion 32 is received by the clip 10. The frictional force provided between the corresponding surfaces 24 and the extension portion 32 is sufficient to maintain the extension portion 32 between the corresponding surfaces 24. By maintaining the extension portion 32 between the corresponding surfaces 24 as shown in FIG. 3B, the clip assembly 30 can be used to store the clip 10 when the base 28 is attached to the surface. Thus, the base 28 does not become dislodged or disengaged from the clip 10 when it is attached to the surface. As further illustrated in FIG. 3B, the clip 10 and the base 28 may be lockably engaged. As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3B, the clip 10 has at least one knob 36 on one of the corresponding surfaces 24 of the clip 10. This knob 36 extends upward from an upper part 38 of the at least one corresponding surface 24. The extension portion 32 has an outer surface 40 which has a corresponding recessed region 41 (as shown in FIG. 3B) which is configured to align with and receive the knob 36 on the corresponding surface 24 of the clip 10 when the extension portion 32 is inserted into the clip 10. This arrangement provides additional engagement to maintain the extension portion 32 of the base 28 between the corresponding surfaces 24 of the clip 10. Another exemplary embodiment of a lockable arrangement for a clip assembly 130 is illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In these exemplary embodiments, at least one of corresponding surfaces 124 includes a gripping surface 150. The gripping surface 150 includes at least one ridge 152, but as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4A, the gripping surface 150 may have numerous ridges 152. The gripping surface 150 provides a means in which to provide additional friction and interaction between an extension portion 132 of a base 128 and a clip 110 such that the extension portion 132 does not become disengaged once inserted into the clip 110. FIGS. 4A and 4B also illustrate that the extension portion 132 of the base 128 can include a gripping outer surface 154 having ridges 156 which correspond with those ridges 152 on the gripping surface 150. Once the extension portion 132 is inserted into the clip 110, the gripping outer surface 154 of the extension portion 132 interacts with the gripping surface 150 on the at least one corresponding surface 124
|
['G09F320']
|
detailed_description
|
11,232,533
|
[summary] An aspect of the present invention includes a ground wire connecting structure for use in a vehicle. The ground wire connecting structure can be securely mounted to a component of the vehicle. In accordance with one aspect, a ground wire connecting structure for grounding a circuit to a watercraft component is provided. The ground wire connecting structure comprises a joint unit that has a joint unit body and a conductive member mounted thereto. At least one joint unit side connector section has a substantially tubular body that is attached to the joint unit body. The at least one joint unit side connector section is configured to accommodate a ground terminal connected to the conductive member. The joint unit is attached to a ground surface defined by a watercraft component. The ground surface is comprised of a conductive material such that the ground surface and the conductive member are electrically coupled together. An external connector section is coupled to an external ground wire and the at least one joint unit side connector section. The ground wire and the ground terminal are coupled together so that the external ground wire and the ground surface are in electrical communication. The joint unit body is comprised of a conductive material that is in electrically communication with the conductive member. The joint unit body has a contact portion in surface contact with the ground surface. The joint unit body is detachably attached to the ground surface via at least one fastening assembly. In yet another aspect, a watercraft comprises a first electrical device and a ground wire connecting structure. The ground wire connecting structure comprises a joint unit having a joint unit body and a first joint unit side connector section attached to the joint unit body. The first electrical device is connected to the first joint unit side connector section of the ground wire connecting structure by at least one ground wire. The joint unit is attached to a ground surface defined by a watercraft component. The ground surface and a contact surface of the joint unit contact each other and are made of a conductive material such that the ground surface and a first conductive member mounted to the joint unit body are electrically coupled together. A fastening assembly couples the joint unit body to the ground surface. In another aspect, the ground wire connecting structure has a joint unit body to which a constructive member is attached. The joint unit body can function as an attachment portion. Also, the joint unit body has a contact portion for surface contact with a ground surface. Thus, the area of the contact portion can be determined by choosing the size of the joint unit body. By enlarging the size of the contact portion, the joint unit body can contact the ground surface. The joint unit body can be securely fixed to the ground surface by one or more fasteners. Further, because the joint unit body forms a base body of the joint unit, the ground wire connecting structure can be made smaller as the joint unit body is reduced in size.
|
['F02B6104']
|
summary
|
11,208,563
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a warning unit and more particularly to a warning unit for use in providing a warning of an e.g. wet floor in a public building or other walkway. 2. Description of the Prior Art It is common to place a warning device on the floor of a public building, such as a shopping centre, or of a public walkway, to warn pedestrians of an area of floor which is wet, for example, because it has been washed, or otherwise temporarily unsuitable for walking over. I have now devised a warning unit which provides a warning of improved effectiveness to pedestrians.
|
['G08G1095' 'G08B2100' 'G08B2300']
|
background
|
11,968,301
|
[invention] Networking architectures have grown increasingly complex in communications environments. In addition, the augmentation of clients or end users wishing to communicate in a network environment has caused many networking configurations and systems to respond by adding elements to accommodate the increase in networking traffic. Communication tunnels or links may be used in order to establish a communication flow, whereby an end user or an object may initiate a tunneling protocol by invoking a selected location or a designated network node. The network node or selected location may then provide a platform that the end user may use to conduct a communication session. As the subscriber base of end users increases, proper routing, viable security, and efficient management of communication sessions and data flows becomes even more critical. In cases where improper routing protocols are executed, certain network components may become overwhelmed or network traffic may be susceptible to breaches in security protocols. This scenario may compromise the validity of communication sessions and inhibit the effective flow of network traffic. Accordingly, the ability to provide an effective mechanism to properly direct communications for an end user/mobile terminal, or to offer an appropriate security protocol for a corresponding network provides a significant challenge to network operators, component manufacturers, and system designers.
|
['H04L1256' 'H04L1266']
|
background
|
12,354,712
|
[description] The above and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention are considered in more detail, in relation to the following description of embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a depiction of the method for joining ABS materials. FIG. 2 describes the different areas of the materials to be joined. FIG. 3 represents a bathroom surround created using the method of the present invention. FIG. 4 describes the installation of secondary structures onto a bathroom surround.
|
['B29C6502' 'B27G1102']
|
detailed_description
|
12,341,067
|
[invention] Three dimensional objects can be made rapidly and automatically by rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RP&M). RP&M has proven to be a cost effective technique used to develop prototypes and to manufacture various three dimensional products. RP&M is usually classified according to specific techniques. Each technique is discussed seriatim below. A first known technique for making three dimensional objects is by applying successive layers of unsolidified, fluid-like material to a working surface. The layers are then selectively solidified according to cross-sectional computer data representing the object. These solidified layers, or laminae, are typically formed of a photo polymer liquid material and solidified via visible or ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation from a laser. More specifically, his technique involves applying liquid material to areas which will, and which will not, be part of the finished three dimensional object. The radiation is then used to solidify only those areas that are part of the three dimensional object. Often referred to as stereolithography, this technique is known and disclosed in several patents and patent applications, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,330 to Hull. Similarly, layers of a powered material can be selectively solidified by depositing a chemical binder material thereon. Another type of RP&M is selective deposition modeling, which creates three dimensional objects by selectively depositing a liquid like material onto a working surface in patterns that become part of a solidified layer. That is, a layer is deposited based on cross-sectional data that represents slices of the three-dimensional object and is then solidified. A subsequent layer is added and solidified to the previously formed solidified layer. By repeating these steps, a three dimensional object is built lamina-by-lamina. With this technique, the liquid material is flowable but only deposited in the regions that form the three dimensional object. Yet a third technique used for RP&M is laminated object manufacturing. With this method, three dimensional objects are formed by stacking sheets of material together wherein each sheet is adhered to another. The stacked sheets are then selectively cut in a particular order to form the desired three dimensional object, according to computer data representing the cross-sectional slices of the three dimensional object. While these techniques have allowed for the manufacturing of many different types of three dimensional objects, they have not been useful in the creation of ophthalmic devices. Heretofore, the RP&M techniques described above have only achieved surface variations of the object of approximately 50 microns or greater.
|
['A61F216' 'B05D506']
|
background
|
11,507,736
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates polystyrene blends. The present invention particularly relates to polystyrene blends prepared using a solution blend process. 2. Background of the Art Polystyrene is one of the largest volume thermoplastic resins in commercial production today. Unmodified polystyrene is well suited to applications where its brittleness is acceptable. Engineering plastics have been used in applications where less brittleness is required, but such polymers are often expensive or have properties other than less brittleness that make them less than optimum selections. Thus, styrene-based copolymers, and particularly polystyrene resins that are modified with organic rubber particles, have been investigated for use in applications requiring less brittleness. The modification of polystyrene to reduce brittleness is often referred to increasing its impact properties and thus the modified polystyrene is said to have higher impact. These high-impact polystyrene blends, commonly referred to by the acronym HIPS, are known to be useful in the art of preparing articles with polymers wherein the application for the articles requires less brittleness than unmodified polystyrene. For example, U.S. Defensive Publication T59,011 to Smith discloses that a high impact resin can be prepared by blending from 15 to 50 parts of an impact modifier with from 85 to 50 parts of a clear crystal polystyrene. Such materials are disclosed to be useful for packaging applications. Another method of making HIPS is to first dissolve a rubber in styrene monomer and then polymerize the monomer. Such polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,941 to Sosa, et al. Therein, it is disclosed that styrene monomer containing a dissolved polybutadiene rubber is flowed into an elongated upflow stirred reactor containing three reaction zones, wherein the styrene monomer is polymerized to form a HIPS. It is also known to blend polystyrene with other materials. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,525, to Miura et al, discloses a continuous process for making polystyrene from styrene monomer and a polymerizable unsaturated fatty acid. The inclusion of the unsaturated fatty acid is disclosed to improve the heat resistance and moldability of the blend, making the modified polystyrene desirable for injection molding applications. In HIPS, desirably the polystyrene is a continuous phase including a discontinuous phase of rubber particles. The size and distribution of the rubber particles in the continuous polystyrene phase can affect the properties of the HIPS. In blends of polystyrene with other materials, the distribution of the noncontinuous phase in the continuous polystyrene phase is often similarly important.
|
['C08L2304']
|
background
|
11,299,929
|
[invention] When pouring hot water from a tea kettle such as the traditional kettle shown in FIGS. 1-4 , everyone has encountered the problem where, during pouring the hot water from the spout, the steam rising from the hot water burns the hand holding the kettle handle. What is needed are solutions to this common problem.
|
['A47G1914' 'A47J4506']
|
background
|
11,788,246
|
[invention] State-of-the-art cellular radio communications systems such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) provide radio coverage for a plurality of mobile stations by placing a plurality of base stations in a substantially regular arrangement across an area that is to be covered by said radio communications system. Each of said base station then defines a cell of said radio communications system and uses a set of transmission channels, which may for instance be defined by frequency carriers, spreading codes or time slots, to allow for data transmissions between said base station and said mobile stations that are located in said cell. To reduce interference between data transmissions of neighboring cells, orthogonal sets of transmission channels are used by base stations of adjacent cells, which is for instance achieved by defining that sets of transmission channels of neighboring cells use different frequency bands. The overall available frequency bandwidth then is split into frequency bands, the number of which is denoted as cluster size, and the frequency bands then are assigned to the base stations of the radio communications system so that a maximum distance between base stations using the same frequency bands is achieved. However, the centered position of the base station in the middle of a substantially circular cell (which is approximated as hexagonal cell to allow for a seamless paving of the coverage area) leads to a decrease of the Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) power ratio towards the cell border, which is mainly due to the decrease of the power of an electromagnetic wave being proportional to the propagation distance raised to the power of a path loss exponent, which typically is larger than 2. As in all state-of-the-art transmission technologies, the end-to-end throughput between the base station and the mobile station is linked to the C/I, correspondingly the end-to-end throughput declines towards the cell border, which makes it difficult to guarantee a certain end-to-end-throughput for mobile stations that can be located anywhere in a cell or may even be moving through the cell. Modern radio air interfaces have available various physical modes (PHY-modes), i.e. different combinations of modulation and coding schemes that are each applicable up to a minimum C/I signal value at a receiver in the cell. A high-valued PHY-mode is transmitting symbols with a high number of bits per symbol whilst a low-valued PHY-mode is just transmitting binary symbols. A mobile station close to the base station typically experiences a high C/I value and therefore can make use of a high-valued PHY-mode whilst a mobile station close to the cell border experiences typically a low C/I value and therefore preferably is assigned a low-valued PHY-mode. This situation is called the “unfairness in transmission rate assignment” to mobile stations, dependent on their location in the cell. CDMA-based cellular systems allow to partly overcome this unfairness on cost of the whole capacity available in a cell: there the mobile stations close to the cell border could be served with a comparably higher transmission rate as mobile stations close to the base station by increasing the amount of power of the transmission channels of said mobile stations close to the border, at the cost of a reduction of the total cell capacity that can be provided to other users and a correspondingly substantially reduced spectral efficiency. The fact that the area of a circle increases quadratically with its radius, leads to the situation that most mobile stations are located near the cell border, when it is assumed that the mobile stations are equally distributed over the cell area. Consequently, a substantial portion of the mobile stations in a cell suffer from a low end-to-end throughput (or cause reduction of the overall cell capacity in a CDMA system), directly affecting the spectral efficiency (in bit/s/Hz/m 2 ) that can be achieved with such a cellular radio communications system, and rendering the application of this cellular concept disadvantageous with respect to the requirements of future mobile radio communications systems. Prior art document “Power Consumption reduction by multi-hop transmission in cellular networks” by Jee-Young Song et al., IEEE 60 th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2004-Fall), Sep. 26-29, 2004, Los Angeles, Calif., USA, pages 3120-3124, discloses relaying in cellular networks, wherein two-hop transmissions take place between a base station and a mobile station via a relay station. The relaying functionality is provided by mobile stations of the network, i.e. the relay stations are mobile stations. This prior art document concentrates on the issue of power consumption. It is assumed that each mobile station and base station has limited transmission power. Based on this assumption, closed-form solutions for the probability that a mobile station is in range of a (mobile) relay station (which in turn is in range of the base station) are derived. Furthermore, the transmission power of single-hop and two-hop transmission between base and mobile stations are derived and compared, yielding the result that, as the number of (mobile) relay stations increases, the probability that mobile stations find a (mobile) relay station and save power increases. Prior art document “Capacity of a Relaying Infrastructure for Broadband Radio Coverage of Urban Areas” by Tim Irnich et. al, IEEE 58 th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2003-Fall), Oct. 6-9, 2003, Orlando, Fla., USA, vol. 5, pages 2886-2890, discoses the introduction of relaying into cellular broadband radio systems in urban areas to improve coverage. A methodology to quantify the influence of relaying on the capacity of a single base station is presented. Therein, a base station with four fixed relay stations covering the same area like five base stations in a conventional cellular architecture is considered.
|
['H04B336']
|
background
|
12,500,852
|
[invention] Psychoactive drugs (e.g., typical psychoactives and atypical psychoactives) are used to help manage symptoms of schizophrenia, the manic phase of manic depression, and other psychotic disorders. These drugs are typically available in several formulations: oral tablets, dissolving tablets, and intramuscular injection. One significant side effect of psychoactive drugs is weight gain (Wirshing D A, Wirshing W C, Kysar L, Berisford M A. (1999) Novel psychoactives: comparison of weight gain liabilities. Journal of Clinical Psychology 60 358-63) especially at high doses (Green B (1999) Focus on olanzapine Current Med Res Opin 15 79-85). Patient compliance is of vital importance in conditions such as schizophrenia for which psychoactive drugs find utility. It is often observed that patients refuse to take oral medication for reasons associated with the symptoms of their condition. To improve patient compliance, it would be beneficial to develop a controlled release formulation of an psychoactive drug that provides steady therapeutically useful plasma levels of drug over a sustained period of time.
|
['A61K315513' 'A61P2518' 'A61K4732']
|
background
|
12,152,415
|
Orientation-independent antenna (ORIAN) with shorts [SEP] [abstract] An orientation-independent antenna that presents a circular polarization characteristic to incoming waves such that these waves are detected regardless or polarization and angle of arrival is provided with shorts across elements thereof that provide for crossed vertical loops and a horizontal loop to lower the VSWR at the lower frequencies of the antenna. The antenna includes crossed vertical loops and a horizontal loop, with the loops being phased to provide the circular polarization characteristic. In one embodiment, the antenna includes a number of elements on the faces of a cube, or the elements are positioned on the surface of a sphere. In another embodiment, the antenna is given both a right hand circular polarization characteristic and a left hand circular polarization characteristic in two different channels to provide for double the data throughput.
|
['H01Q1112']
|
abstract
|
12,178,255
|
[description] process chambers; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-section view of one embodiment of a load-lock chamber; and FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-section view of one embodiment of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber. To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.
|
['H01L3118' 'C23C1644' 'C23C1652']
|
detailed_description
|
12,077,974
|
[description] The present invention provides a method of predicting the computational load of an application which comprises multiple processes. While the processes can be executed on a single computing device, typically, at least some of the processes are executed on a plurality of computing devices or servers. Thus, the invention typically proceeds by identifying processes which are part of the application and on which servers processes are being executed. The data flow from one server to another may also be identified and treated as, or be defined as, a process. The data flow may, for example, be data transferred over a network between a first computing device and a second computing device. For each identified process, the input data load is measured. Input data load is a measure of an amount of resources used on a server or connection by a specific process of an application as a function of data inputted into the process. For example, the measure of resources used may comprise a measure of cpusecs, memory usage, network usage, or disk usage over time or at a specific moment in time. The input data load may be a measure of bytes of data, number of times the process is called, or another value indicative of an amount of data inputted into the resources. For example, if a process is initiated 685 times in a minute and causes 5280k of memory to be used, then the input load is presently 685 times/minute and the resource usage, where the resource is 5280k memory usage. However, the 5280k in this example may outputted from this process and be the input load on a second process. This load of 5280k of data may be inputted into such a second process and would be defined as the input load of this process. Similarly, a network connection or other means of transport between a first computing device executing the first process, and a second computing device executing the second process, would have a load corresponding to the amount of data transferred. By monitoring one or more resources over time and correlating resource usage to input load, a mathematical relationship between input load and resources in the form of a computational load characteristic can be surmised. The computational load characteristic may be any known measure of load on a computing device, including memory usage, disk usage, CPU usage, and network usage. The mathematical relationship may be any consistent mathematical relationship and may be a linear relationship, logarithmic relationship, or the like, between input load and computational load. The consistent mathematical relationship may be consistent only over a certain range of input load. For example, if input load is a measure of call volume on a server handling incoming
|
['G06F1710']
|
detailed_description
|
11,226,131
|
[description] The present invention provides novel designs and methods of manufacture of an inkjet printhead capable of printing varying drop-weight quantities of ink. In particular, this invention overcomes the problems of the prior art by preferably etching a substrate in order to provide firing chambers with different orifice-layer thicknesses. This provides variable distances between ink-energizing elements in firing chambers and their corresponding orifices. Alternatively, the invention can utilize firing chambers with different volumes, different-sized ink-energizing elements, and/or laterally offset ink-energizing elements. Thus, by varying the distance between orifices and their ink-energizing elements, providing firing chambers with different volumes, providing different-sized ink-energizing elements and/or laterally offsetting ink-energizing elements from their corresponding orifices, a manufacturer can provide inkjet printheads capable of printing varying drop-weight quantities of ink. FIG. 1 shows a thermal inkjet pen 100 having a printhead 102 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The pen includes a lower portion 104 containing an ink reservoir that communicates with the back or lower side of the printhead in the orientation shown. The printhead preferably defines one or more orifices or nozzles 106, 108 through which ink may be selectively expelled. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the printhead 102 taken through two orifices 106, 108 to illustrate two firing units 200, 202. The printhead includes a substrate 204, preferably silicon, which provides a rigid chassis for the printhead 102, and accounts for the majority of the thickness of the printhead 102. The substrate 204 has an upper surface 206 that is preferably coated with a passivation or thin-film layer 300. Ink-energizing elements 208, 210, such as resistors, rest on the thin-film layer 300 if present. An orifice layer 212 has a lower surface 214 that conformally rests atop either the thin-film layer 300. The orifice layer 212 also has an exterior surface 216 that forms the uppermost surface of the printhead and faces the material on which ink is to be printed. The center point of the resistors 208, 210 preferably define a normal axis on which the components of their respective firing units 200, 202 are aligned in this embodiment. The orifice layer 212 of this embodiment has a substantially planar exterior surface 216. However, one or more firing chambers 218, 220 will have an orifice layer 212 with different thicknesses. There is essentially no limit to the number of different orifice-layer thicknesses that can be used to form firing chambers and thus provide varying drop-weight printing capabilities. An example of firing chambers 218, 220 with different orifice-layer thicknesses is shown in FIG. 2. In particular, firing chamber 218 has an orifice layer 212 that is thicker than the orifice layer of firing chamber 220. Consequently, the resistor 210 is located in closer proximity to orifice 108 than the resistor 208 is located to its orifice 106. Preferably, resistor 208 is more powerful than resistor 210. Moreover, resistor 208 should be sufficiently more powerful than resistor 210 so that when energized, resistor 208 will produce a higher drop-weight quantity of ink. The firing chambers 218, 220 defined by the orifice layer 212 are preferably frustoconical in shape and aligned on the resistor axis. However, any shape or configuration could be used to define the firing chambers 218, 220. If a firing chamber is frustoconically shaped, then the firing chamber will have a large circular base periphery 222 at the lower surface 214, and a smaller circular nozzle aperture 106, 108 at the exterior surface 216. The thin-film layer 300 preferably defines one or more ink-supply conduits 224-230 preferably dedicated to a single illustrated firing chamber 218, 220. The conduits 224-230 are preferably entirely encircled by the chamber's lower periphery, so that the ink transmitted by each conduit is exclusively used by its respective firing chamber, and so that any pressure generated within the firing chamber 218, 220 will not generate ink flow to other chamber—except for the limited amount that may flow back through the conduits, below the upper surface of the substrate. This prevents pressure “blow by” or “cross talk” from significantly affecting adjacent firing units, and prevents pressure leakage that might otherwise significantly reduce the expulsive force generated by a given amount of energy provided by a resistor 208, 210. The use of more than a single conduit 224-230 per firing unit 218, 220 is not necessary; however, this is preferable because it provides redundant ink-flow paths to prevent ink starvation of the firing chamber 218, 220 by a single contaminant particle that may obstruct ink flow in a conduit 224-230. Preferably, the substrate 204 defines a tapered trench 232, 234 for a plurality of firing units 200, 202, that is widest at the lower surface of the substrate 204 to receive ink from the reservoir 104, and which narrows toward the orifice layer 212 to a width greater than the domain of the ink conduits 224-230. However, any shapes or configurations could be used to provide fluid communication between the ink reservoir 104 and the firing chambers 218, 220. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the trench 232, 234 is many times greater than the cross-sectional area of the ink-supply conduits 224-230 associated with a firing chamber, so that a multitude of such units may be supplied without significant flow resistance in the trench. The trench 232, 234 creates a void behind the resistor 208, 210, leaving only a thin septum or sheet of thin-film material 302, 304 (in FIG. 3) that separates the resistors 208, 210 from the ink within the trenches 232, 324. As shown in FIG. 3, another embodiment of the present invention also provides the capability of printing varying drop-weight quantities of ink. In this embodiment, the firing chambers 400, 402 are defined in an orifice layer 212 that may or may not have a substantially uniform thickness. Firing chambers 402 that are to produce greater drop-weight quantities of ink preferably have a larger volume than those chambers 400 that are to produce smaller drop-weight quantities of ink. In addition, it
|
['B41J205']
|
detailed_description
|
11,256,107
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sheet for guiding regeneration of mesenchymal tissue, which is used when treating a deficit part of the mesenchymal tissue such as a bone, a cartilage, a muscle, fat or the like by a regeneration guide method, and a production method thereof. 2. Description of the Conventional Art Realizing of a regenerative medical treatment for regenerating biotissue and an organ, which have functional disorder or failure, is required. The regenerative medical treatment is a new medical treatment technique for reproducing biotissue, which cannot be recovered by inherently provided healing capability, to have a same form and function as those of original tissue by using three factors such as a cell, scaffold and a growth factor. In medical and dental treatments, bone regeneration by using own-bone has been widely used. However, for example, as a medical treatment of periodontal tissue with respect to the periodontosis having a bone deficit in a wide range, a tissue regeneration guide method has been developed. In the tissue regeneration guide method, it is necessary for a cell to keep a preferable interaction with a circumference condition thereof (a cell factor or an extracellular matrix), in order to grow and differentiate in the biotissue in a process during the regeneration of the periodontal tissue and realize the function of the cell. Then, when an initial condition of there generation process is suitably set up to thereby actuate self-repairing ability of the tissue according to the regeneration, the deficit part is recovered and repaired to a normal tissue. However, as for supporting tissue (fibrous tissue or a bone) of a tooth destroyed by periodontosis, if waiting the healing without doing anything, another soft tissue such as an epithelium or the like is entered to the necessary supporting tissue before regeneration, and thus there is a problem in which the supporting tissue of the destroyed tooth is not regenerated well. Then, in order to keep a space for regenerating the supporting tissue until regeneration of the necessary supporting tissue, a film-shape material is used to prevent the invasion of the unnecessary tissue, to thereby regenerate the supporting tissue of the tooth (for example, refer to The NIPPON Dental Review “The front line of the regenerative medical treatment on the basis of the biomaterial and the biotissue engineering” written by Yasuhiko TABATA, published by HYORON Publishers Co., Ltd., February 2004, volume 64, No. 2, p. 167-181). As the film-like material used for keeping the space for regenerating the supporting tissue until regeneration of the necessary supporting tissue, a semitransparent film such as an ethylene tetrafluoride resin film, a filter made with polyethylene or the like has been conventionally used. However, since these materials are non-bioabsorbable materials, it is necessary to remove these materials after the operation. Then, in recent years, the medical treatment by the tissue regeneration guide method has been widely used (for example, refer to Japanese Patent No. 2709349, Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 2002-085547) This treatment has an advantage that the film can be decomposed and absorbed immediately to vanish after the operation without remaining in the living body as a foreign matter, by using a film comprising a bioabsorbable material made with a bioabsorbable polymer material or a collagen, and thus the operation for removal is not necessary. However, the tissue according to the regeneration has the low self-repairing ability, and thus the regeneration of the tissue may be hardly done only by preventing the invasion of the unnecessary tissue from the outside. In this case, for example, the following method has been used, that is, the cell, the growth factor or the mixture of those is contained into a polyglycolic acid nonwoven fabric or a porous hydroxyl apatite, and prepared by culturing it during a fixed period, and so obtained product is embedded in an applied part. For example, a following technique for producing a biotissue filing body is indicated (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 2004-105046). That is, a culture medium is stored in a production device of a biotissue filling body having a filling material layer and a dissolving layer in a container capable of storing, a culture medium. The filling material layer comprises a porous ceramics, collagen, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, hyaluronic acid or a material made by mixing those and has biocompatibility and/or bioabsorbability. The dissolving layer comprises a gelatin or the like and covers the upper surface of the filling material layer. When the cell is taken into the culture medium, the cell is precipitated and adhered on the surface of the dissolving layer to be grown along this surface. As time passes, the dissolving layer is dissolved to the culture medium to be disappeared. Thereby, the cell adhered on the dissolving layer adheres on the upper surface of the filling material layer comprising a biotissue filling material, and is grown continuously, where the biotissue filling material is originally existed at a lower part of the dissolving layer. As a result of this, the cell is grown by utilizing the biotissue filling material, to thereby produce the biotissue filling body. However, as for the bioactive ceramics such as calcium phosphate or the like, there is a problem that the cell is hardly grown in a base material. Further, the block-shaped filling material has low shaping property, so that it is difficult to carry out a treatment such as trimming or the like corresponding to the shape of the deficit part. Further, the following technique for regenerating the tissue is indicated (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 2003-010308). That is, a base material for regenerating cell tissue is formed so as to have various shapes, such as a sheet-shape, film-Shape, fragment-shape, sponge-shape, block-shape, fiber-shape or tube-shape in order to fill it to the deficit part of the tissue. This base material for regenerating cell tissue comprises hyaluronic acid and includes hyaluronic acid gel, which is not substantially modified by the chemical
|
['A61F1300']
|
background
|
11,896,208
|
[summary] One of objects of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor apparatus capable of outputting failure analysis test data while testing a memory at an actual specification frequency through a BIST, and a testing method. According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a semiconductor apparatus comprising: a plurality of memory circuits each including a memory and an input/output selector, the memory having a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of input/output circuits respectively corresponding to the memory cells; and an incorporated self-test circuit that executes a quality test for the memory, wherein the input/output selector selects one of the input/output circuits and successively outputs data signals to the incorporated self-test circuit, the data signals read by the one of the input/output circuits from the corresponding memory cells.
|
['G11C2912' 'G06F1127']
|
summary
|
12,353,970
|
[invention] Enhancements in technology, increases in network coverage and reduction of fees corresponding to both devices and network services have caused mobile computing devices to become commonplace in today's society. For example, many individuals no longer have conventional land line telephone service but instead exclusively use their portable telephone (e.g., cellular phone) as a primary telephonic communication device. Some of these portable telephones have been adapted to include functionality that was previously only found on personal digital assistants or personal computing devices including, but not limited to, word processing applications, Internet browsers, media playing applications (MP3 players), etc. Other portable devices that are now commonplace include dedicated personal digital assistants, laptop computers, portable media players, amongst others. Many of these portable devices are configured with functionality that allows geographic location thereof to be ascertained. For instance, some portable telephones are equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver which can be used to determine a location of a user of a portable telephone when the user is outdoors. In another example, triangulation can be used to determine an approximate location of a portable computing device, such as a portable telephone. This functionality for determining the location of the portable device has conventionally been used in emergency situations such as when a user dials 911. Accordingly, an emergency response team can locate the user without the user having to explicitly describe their current location. Knowledge of current location has also been used in connection with helping people with mobile guided tours of cities, context sensitive search, etc. Thus, a first individual that owns a GPS enabled portable telephone can quickly determine their own geographic location, for example in latitude and longitude coordinates. Informing a second individual, however, of a geographic location of the first individual remains inefficient, as the second individual must actively call the first individual or otherwise interrupt (e.g., through a text message) the first individual to ascertain the geographic location of the first individual.
|
['G01C2100']
|
background
|
10,496,421
|
[summary] The invention is therefore broadly directed to a flaviviral expression system and flaviviral replicon, expression vector and expression construct useful in same. In a particular embodiment, the invention is directed to a flaviviral vaccine delivery system. In one aspect the invention provides an expression vector comprising: (i) a nucleotide sequence encoding a flavivirus replicon that is incapable of producing infectious virus wherein said flavivirus replicon encodes one or more mutated flaviviral non-structural proteins; (ii) an insertion site for a heterologous nucleic acid; (iii) a promoter operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the flavivirus replicon; and (iv) at least one autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence. Suitably, a flavivirus replicon encoding the mutated flaviviral nonstructural protein (s) allows more efficient establishment of persistent replication in an animal cell compared to a flavivirus replicon encoding corresponding wild-type protein(s). Preferably, said mutated flaviviral non-structural protein in (i) is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mutated nonstructural protein NS1; (b) a mutated nonstructural protein NS2A; and (c) a mutated nonstructural protein NS5. More preferably, said mutated flaviviral non-structural protein in (i) is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a nonstructural protein NS1 having a mutation of Proline 250 to Leucine; (ii) a nonstructural protein NS2A having a mutation of Alanine 30 to Proline; (iii) a nonstructural protein NS2A having a mutation of Asparagine 101 to Aspartate; and (iv) a nonstructural protein NS5 having a mutation of Proline 270 to Serine. In a preferred embodiment, the or each autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence encodes a foot and mouth disease virus 2A autoprotease. In one particular embodiment, the expression vector comprises one autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence. Examples of this embodiment are designated SP6KUNrep5 and pKUNrep5. In another particular embodiment, the expression vector comprises two autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein a first of said at least two autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequences is located 5′ of said insertion site and a second of said at least two autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequences is located 3′ of said insertion site. Examples of this embodiment are designated SP6KUNrep6 and pKUNrep6. In another aspect the invention provides an expression construct comprising: (i) a nucleotide sequence encoding a flavivirus replicon that is incapable of producing infectious virus wherein said flavivirus replicon encodes one or more mutated flaviviral non-structural proteins; (ii) a heterologous nucleic acid; (iii) a promoter operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the flavivirus replicon; and (iv) at least one autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence. Suitably, a flavivirus replicon encoding the mutated flaviviral nonstructural protein (s) allows more efficient establishment of persistent replication in an animal cell compared to a flavivirus replicon encoding corresponding wild-type protein(s). Preferably, said mutated flaviviral non-structural protein in (i) is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mutated nonstructural protein NS1; (b) a mutated nonstructural protein NS2A; and (c) a mutated nonstructural protein NS5. More preferably, said mutated flaviviral non-structural protein in (i) is selected from the group consisting of: (i). a nonstructural protein NS1 having a mutation of Proline 250 to Leucine; (ii) a nonstructural protein NS2A having a mutation of Alanine 30 to Proline; (iii) a nonstructural protein NS2A having a mutation of Asparagine 101 to Aspartate; and (iv) a nonstructural protein NS5 having a mutation of Proline 270 to Serine. In a preferred embodiment, the or each autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequence encodes a foot and mouth disease virus 2A autoprotease. In one embodiment, said expression construct comprises at least two autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequences, wherein a first of said at least one autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequences is located 5′ of said heterologous nucleic acid and a second of said at least one autoprotease-encoding nucleotide sequences is located 3′ of said heterologous nucleic acid. In a particular embodiment, this aspect provides an RNA that is transcribable from a DNA expression construct wherein the RNA comprises: (i) an RNA sequence encoding a flavivirus replicon that is incapable of producing infectious virus wherein said flavivirus replicon encodes one or more mutated flaviviral non-structural proteins; and (ii) a heterologous RNA sequence encoding a heterologous protein.. In one embodiment, the promoter is operable to promote RNA transcription in vivo. More preferably, the promoter is operable to promote RNA transcription in a mammalian cell. An example of a preferred promoter operable in a mammalian cell is a CMV promoter. In another embodiment, the promoter is operable to promote RNA transcription in vitro. An example of a preferred promoter operable to promote RNA transcription in vitro is an SP6 promoter. In particular embodiments, non-limiting examples of expression constructs of the invention include RNALeuMpt, RNAProMpt, KUNRNAgag comprising an SP6 promoter for in vitro RNA expression or DNALeuMpt, DNAProMpt, KUNDNAgag comprising a CMV promoter for intracellular RNA expression. In yet another aspect, the invention provides an expression system comprising: (i) the expression vector of the first-mentioned aspect or the expression construct of the second-mentioned aspect; and (ii) at least another expression construct that is capable of expressing one or more proteins that facilitate packaging of said expression vector or construct into flavivirus virus like particles (VLPs). In particular embodiments, said another expression construct is a packaging construct selected from the group consisting of: SFVMEC/L713P, SFVMEC/L713P/Neo and pSFV3L713PLacZNeo. These constructs include a substitution of proline for leucine 713 in the SFV nsP2 gene to decrease cytopathicity. SFVMEC/L713P/Neo and pSFV3L713PLacZNeo are particularly suited to generation of stable cell lines. In still yet another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an RNA that is transcribable from a flaviviral DNA expression construct wherein the RNA encodes: (i) a flavivirus replicon that is incapable of producing infectious virus; and (ii) an immunogenic protein. In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a flaviviral DNA expression construct from which RNA is transcribable in an animal cell, wherein the transcribable RNA encodes: (i) a flavivirus replicon that is incapable of producing infectious virus; and (ii) an immunogenic protein. Preferably, according to the aforementioned nucleic acid compositions, the DNA and RNA expression constructs include a nucleotide sequence that encodes at least one foot and mouth disease virus 2A autoprotease. More preferably, the DNA and
|
['A61K3912' 'A61K39193' 'C12N1586']
|
summary
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.