text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```javascript
/*
ABOUT THIS NODE.JS EXAMPLE: This example works with the AWS SDK for JavaScript version 3 (v3),
which is available at path_to_url This example is in the 'AWS SDK for JavaScript v3 Developer Guide' at
path_to_url
Purpose:
ses_deleteidentity.js demonstrates how to delete an Amazon SES identity.
Running the code:
node ses_deleteidentity.js
*/
// snippet-start:[ses.JavaScript.identities.deleteIdentityV3]
import { DeleteIdentityCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-ses";
import { sesClient } from "./libs/sesClient.js";
const IDENTITY_EMAIL = "fake@example.com";
const createDeleteIdentityCommand = (identityName) => {
return new DeleteIdentityCommand({
Identity: identityName,
});
};
const run = async () => {
const deleteIdentityCommand = createDeleteIdentityCommand(IDENTITY_EMAIL);
try {
return await sesClient.send(deleteIdentityCommand);
} catch (err) {
console.log("Failed to delete identity.", err);
return err;
}
};
// snippet-end:[ses.JavaScript.identities.deleteIdentityV3]
export { run, IDENTITY_EMAIL };
``` |
Kashantu (, also Romanized as Kāshāntū) is a village in Cham Chamal Rural District, Bisotun District, Harsin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 449, in 109 families.
References
Populated places in Harsin County |
Tauriac () is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Lot department
References
Communes of Lot (department) |
```rust
use crate::{xbuf::XBuf, FieldLoc, FnDefLoc, HashPointer, StrNumber, WizFnLoc};
const WIZ_FN_SPACE: usize = 3000;
const MAX_FIELDS: usize = 17250;
pub(crate) struct OtherData {
wiz_functions: XBuf<HashPointer>,
wiz_def_ptr: WizFnLoc,
field_info: XBuf<StrNumber>,
num_fields: FieldLoc,
num_pre_defined_fields: FieldLoc,
crossref_num: FieldLoc,
}
impl OtherData {
pub fn new() -> OtherData {
OtherData {
wiz_functions: XBuf::new(WIZ_FN_SPACE),
wiz_def_ptr: 0,
field_info: XBuf::new(MAX_FIELDS),
num_fields: 0,
num_pre_defined_fields: 0,
crossref_num: 0,
}
}
pub fn max_fields(&self) -> usize {
self.field_info.len()
}
pub fn field(&self, pos: usize) -> StrNumber {
self.field_info[pos]
}
pub fn set_field(&mut self, pos: usize, s: StrNumber) {
self.field_info[pos] = s
}
pub fn num_fields(&self) -> FieldLoc {
self.num_fields
}
pub fn set_num_fields(&mut self, val: FieldLoc) {
self.num_fields = val;
}
pub fn pre_defined_fields(&self) -> FieldLoc {
self.num_pre_defined_fields
}
pub fn set_pre_defined_fields(&mut self, val: FieldLoc) {
self.num_pre_defined_fields = val;
}
pub fn check_field_overflow(&mut self, fields: usize) {
while fields > self.field_info.len() {
self.field_info.grow(MAX_FIELDS);
}
}
pub fn crossref_num(&self) -> FieldLoc {
self.crossref_num
}
pub fn set_crossref_num(&mut self, val: FieldLoc) {
self.crossref_num = val;
}
pub fn wiz_function(&self, pos: usize) -> HashPointer {
self.wiz_functions[pos]
}
pub fn set_wiz_function(&mut self, pos: usize, val: HashPointer) {
self.wiz_functions[pos] = val
}
pub fn wiz_def_ptr(&self) -> WizFnLoc {
self.wiz_def_ptr
}
pub fn set_wiz_def_ptr(&mut self, ptr: WizFnLoc) {
self.wiz_def_ptr = ptr;
}
pub fn check_wiz_overflow(&mut self, ptr: FnDefLoc) {
while ptr + self.wiz_def_ptr > self.wiz_functions.len() {
self.wiz_functions.grow(WIZ_FN_SPACE)
}
}
}
``` |
Versigny () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
See also
Communes of the Oise department
References
Communes of Oise |
Stuart Little may refer to:
Stuart Little, the book
Stuart Little (franchise), the animated media franchise based on the book
Stuart Little (film), the first film
Stuart Little 2, the sequel film
Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild, the second animated sequel film
Stuart Little (TV series), the animated television series |
```lua
require "gatekeeper/staticlib"
local llsc = staticlib.c.get_lls_conf()
if llsc == nil then
return "No link layer support block available"
end
return table.concat(dylib.list_lls_arp(llsc, dylib.print_lls_dump_entry, {}))
``` |
```swift
import ExpoModulesCore
internal class InvalidCategoryException: GenericException<String> {
override var reason: String {
"`\(param)` is not a valid audio category"
}
}
internal class AudioStateException: GenericException<String> {
override var reason: String {
"Failed to change audio state: \(param)"
}
}
internal class AudioPermissionsException: Exception {
override var reason: String {
"Recording permission has not been granted"
}
}
internal class InvalidAudioModeException: GenericException<String> {
override var reason: String {
"Impossible audio mode: \(param)"
}
}
internal class RecordingDisabledException: Exception {
override var reason: String {
"Recording not allowed on iOS. Enable with Audio.setAudioModeAsync"
}
}
internal class NoInputFoundException: Exception {
override var reason: String {
"No input port found"
}
}
internal class PreferredInputFoundException: GenericException<String> {
override var reason: String {
"Preferred input '\(param)' not found!"
}
}
``` |
Sengli Co or Senlicuo () or Sengli Tso () is a freshwater alpine lake of Zhongba County, Shigatse in Southern Tibet, China.
Location
The lake's elevation is above sea level, with a total surface area of 78 sq.km. Its water runs north to south through Laiwuzangbo before entering Dangquezangbo (Maquan River) in the Yarlung Zangbo River's upper sections.
It lies to the northwest of Buduo Town and southwest of Jima Town, about northeast of Payang Town.
References
Shigatse
Lakes of Tibet |
William Chase Temple (December 28, 1862 – January 9, 1917) was a coal, citrus, and lumber baron during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was also a part owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from baseball's National League of Professional Baseball Clubs (later known worldwide as simply as the National League), established 1876. He also established the Temple Cup, a silver trophy awarded to the winner of a best-of-seven, post-season Major League Baseball championship series that was conducted for four seasons in the National League, from 1894 to 1897. He became the first sole owner of a professional American football team, in 1898.
Business career
Temple was born in Starke, Florida. After moving to Delaware, he attended public schools in the city of Wilmington in the late 1860s and early 1870s, and graduated from the Delaware State Normal School in 1879. After graduation, he worked as an employee of Plankinton & Armour in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In June 1880, he worked as a bank clerk for Alexander Mitchell Bank in Milwaukee. By 1883, Chase returned to Florida and began a lumber and timber company meeting with great success using the freight railroads being extended southward and soon became a "lumber baron". In 1884 and 1885 he is in Chicago working for William Plankinton and Warren S. Johnson at the company that would eventually be known as Johnson Controls. Between 1885 and 1889, he was a President and general manager of the Metropolitan Electrical Service Company in New York City. He later became a manager of Babcock & Wilcox Steam Boiler Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1890 to 1895. While in Pittsburgh, he was on the boards of directors of more than 20 numerous industrial, mining and financial companies of that rapidly industrializing city.
Sports
From 1891 until 1893, Temple was the president and part-owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise in the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs (later known as just the National League), founded 1876. In 1894, he donated a 30-inch-high silver cup, later called the Temple Cup to the National League. The first and second-place teams of the league would play in a seven-game, post season, series to determine the winner. The revenue from the series was to be split 65% to 35%; however, the players of the first series in 1894 decided to evenly split the money. However, after the series, the second place team New York Giants reportedly cheated some of the pennant winning first place team Baltimore Orioles players out of their money, immediately tainting the reputation of the championship Cup and prompting Temple to sell the Pirates in disgust, leaving baseball. It continued to be awarded in the NL until the 1897 season.
In 1898, Temple's interests expanded into football when he solely took over the team payments for the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, a professional football team (named for the colonial French fort there at the Forks of the Ohio, later site of Pittsburgh) based in Pittsburgh from 1895 until 1900, becoming the first known individual football club owner. The Duquesnes had become the best professional team in Pennsylvania and, almost certainly, in the country. In 1900, A .C. Dinkey stole most of the Duquesne players, as well as Temple himself, for his rival Homestead Library & Athletic Club. Over the next two seasons (1900 and 1901), Homestead fielded the best professional football team in the country and did not lose a game.
In a 1902 controversy, Temple and the now majority owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team, Barney Dreyfuss, were suspected of being the secret owners to the Pittsburgh Stars team of the first original National Football League (two decades before the beginnings of the separate modern NFL). Temple denied any connection to the Stars' finances, as well as being the team's owner. The team's owner on paper, David Berry, insisted that he was the team's sole owner. However, it was impossible for him to afford the money to finance the team without the backing of Temple or Dreyfuss. The Stars would go on to win the 1902 championship of this first NFL.
Foundings
In 1909, Temple founded the Florida Citrus Exchange in 1909 and served as the organization's general manager from 1910 until 1913. During that time, Temple helped increased the business of the exchange from $200,000 to $5 million per year.
In 1915, he was named the first president of the South Florida Chamber of Commerce. He was also the first life member of the new American Automobile Association (AAA).
Death
Temple died in 1917 in Winter Park, Florida, and is buried in the local Palm Cemetery. Prior to his death, he served as the town's mayor.
Legacy
Temple Terrace, a city in northeastern Hillsborough County, in Florida was named after Temple. The "Temple orange" was named after him as well. William Chase Temple met and married Carrie Lee Wood, the daughter of major league baseball player, Jimmy Wood when they were both living in Chicago in 1884. The couple's daughter, Dorothy, would later marry major league pitcher, Del Mason.
See also
Carnegie Library of Homestead
Pittsburgh Pirates
Pittsburgh Stars
Temple Cup
Temple Terrace, Florida
References
External links
William Chase Temple at Find A Grave
1862 births
1917 deaths
Mayors of places in Florida
Pittsburgh Pirates executives
Pittsburgh Pirates owners
People from Starke, Florida
People from Winter Park, Florida |
A lollipop is a type of sugar candy usually consisting of hard candy mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking. Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly, sucker, sticky-pop, etc. Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.
Types
Lollipops are available in a number of colors and flavors, particularly fruit flavors. With numerous companies producing lollipops, they now come in dozens of flavors and many different shapes. Lollipops can range from very small candies bought in bulk and given away as a courtesy at banks, barbershops, and other locations, to very large treats made from candy canes twisted into a spiral shape.
Most lollipops are eaten at room temperature, but "ice lollipops", "ice lollies", or "popsicles" are frozen water-based lollipops. Similar confections on a stick made of ice cream, often with a flavored coating, are usually not called by this name.
Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or soft candy. Some novelty lollipops have more unusual items, such as mealworm larvae, embedded in the candy.
Other novelty lollipops have non-edible centers, such as a flashing light embedded within the candy; there is also a trend, principally in North America, of lollipops with sticks attached to a motorized device that makes the candy spin around in one's mouth.
In the Nordic countries, Germany, and the Netherlands, some lollipops are flavored with salmiak.
Medicinal use
Lollipops can be used to carry medicines.
Some lollipops have been marketed for use as diet aids, although their effectiveness is untested, and anecdotal cases of weight loss may be due to the power of suggestion. Flavored lollipops containing medicine are intended to give children medicine without fuss.
Actiq is a powerful analgesic lollipop whose active ingredient is fentanyl. Often, patients utilizing large amounts of opioid pain medication take Actiq lozenges on a handle in order to control breakthrough cancer pain.
History
The idea of an edible candy on a stick is very simple, and it is probable that the lollipop has been invented and reinvented numerous times. The first confections that closely resemble what we call lollipops date to the Middle Ages, when the nobility would often eat boiled sugar with the aid of sticks or handles.
The invention of the modern lollipop is still something of a mystery but a number of American companies in the early 20th century have laid claim to it. According to the book Food for Thought: Extraordinary Little Chronicles of the World, they were invented by George Smith of New Haven, Connecticut, who started making large hard candies mounted on sticks in 1908. He named them after a racehorse of the time, Lolly Pop<ref>Pearce, ' (2004)'Food for Thought: Extraordinary Little Chronicles of the World, page 183.</ref> - and trademarked the lollipop name in 1931.
The term 'lollipop' was recorded by English lexicographer Francis Grose in 1796. The term may have derived from the term "lolly" (tongue) and "pop" (slap). The first references to the lollipop in its modern context date to the 1920s. Alternatively, it may be a word of Romany origin, being related to the Roma tradition of selling candy apples on a stick. Red apple in the Romany language is ''.
Ingredients
The main ingredient in a standard lollipop is sugar. Sugars are fully hydrated carbon chains, meaning that there is a water molecule attached to each carbon. Sugars come in two forms; straight-chain and ring form. When sugars are in straight-chain form, aldehyde and ketone groups are open, which leaves them very susceptible to reaction. In this state, sugars are unstable. In ring form, sugars are stable and therefore exist in this form in most foods, including lollipops.
Sugar is a very versatile ingredient and is used in a wide variety of food products. Sugar interacts differently depending on the presence of other ingredients and on various treatments. When heated enough to break the molecules apart, sugar generates a complex flavor, changes the color, and creates a pleasing aroma. Sugar can form two types of solids in foods; crystalline and glassy amorphous. Crystalline solids can be found in food products such as fondant, fudge, and butter creams, while glassy amorphous solids can be found in products such as lollipops, marshmallows, and caramels. Glassy amorphous solids result when moderate sugar concentrations (50% solutions) are heated to high temperatures, eliminating nearly all moisture. The final moisture content is around 1%-2%, whereas the final moisture content in crystalline candies is 8%-12%. The non-crystalline nature of glassy amorphous solids is due to the presence of inhibitors in the solution. Without an inhibitor, crystallization would occur spontaneously and rapidly as sugar cools due to its high concentration. Some common inhibitors used in lollipop production are corn syrup, cream of tartar, honey, and butter.
The second most important ingredient in lollipop production is water. Although the moisture content falls to less than 2% at the end of the lollipop making process, water is required at the start of the process. All other ingredients used in the process of lollipop production are optional. The use of inhibitors is dependent on the type of sugar used. The amount of inhibitor in the lollipop is usually small in comparison to the amount of sugar used. Additional flavors, colorings, and inclusions (like bubble gum or a Tootsie Roll) can be added to the final product, but are not a part of the main structure of a simple lollipop.
Manufacturing
While the main functional ingredients of a lollipop are quite simple, the process of making such confections can be complex. The formation and physical state of the glassy amorphous structure used in the creation of the lollipop is an involved chemical process. The first step in making lollipops after mixing the main ingredients is the heating process. During heating, the molecules increase in their translational mobility and therefore begin to resemble liquids. Although many hard candies are heated to about , the temperature that the solution is heated to is dependent on the specific volume and contents of the mixture. After heating is complete, the solution can then be cooled. The final cooled solution is a supersaturated due to the moisture content dropping below 2%. Supersaturated or supercooled liquids are also formed due to inhibitors preventing crystallization. They are unstable because crystallization is a favored reaction in this case. During the cooling process, the most important physicochemical characteristic of lollipops, the glass transition process, occurs.
See also
Chupa Chups
Clear toy candy
Dum Dums
Hard candy
Pirulín
Stick candy
Tootsie Pops
Whistle Pops
References
Brands that became generic
Candy |
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 22 June 1980. On 16 May the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) brought no-confidence motion before the Diet relating to corruption issues, proposing more defense spending and rises in public utility charges as reasons for the House of Representatives to withdraw its backing from the government. Unexpectedly, 69 Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) members of the Diet from the Fukuda Takeo, Miki Takeo and Hidenao Nakagawa factions abstained from voting on the motion. The government was defeated by 56 votes in total of 243 and resigned. For the first time elections for both the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives were elected at the same time. In the elections of both the houses the LDP gained a majority.
Results
By constituency
References
About Japan Series (1999), Changing Japanese Politics, No. 24, Tokyo: Foreign Press Center.
Mahendra Prakash (2004), Coalition Experience in Japanese Politics: 1993-2003, New Delhi: JNU.
https://archive.today/20070712184335/http://www.binghamton.edu/cdp/era/elections/jpn80par.html
Japan
House of Councillors (Japan) elections
1980 elections in Japan
June 1980 events in Asia
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
The Men's 100 metres T44 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium on 5 and 6 September.
Records
Prior to the competition, the existing World and Paralympic records were as follows.
Results
Round 1
Competed 5 September 2012 from 19:01. Qual. rule: first 2 in each heat (Q) plus the 2 fastest other times (q) qualified.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Heat 3
Final
Competed 6 September 2012 at 21:24.
Q = qualified by place. q = qualified by time. PR = Paralympic Record. RR = Regional Record. PB = Personal Best. SB = Seasonal Best.
References
Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
2012 in men's athletics |
All Crews: A Journey Through Jungle Drum & Bass Culture is a non-fiction book written by author, DJ and journalist Brian Belle-Fortune. Described by music journalist Bill Brewster as a 'Jungle History', the book chronicles the development of the Jungle Drum & Bass style of UK dance music, and its emergence from earlier Breakbeat Hardcore and Acid House styles.
All Crews explores the origins of the Jungle Drum & Bass sound through a selection of non-fiction articles, creative writing pieces and interviews with key Jungle Drum & Bass artists. Belle-Fortune also examines and interviews the pirate radio stations, labels, crews, promoters and ravers that the scene grew from and revolved around.
Background
Before writing All Crews, author, journalist and DJ Belle-Fortune conceived and co-produced BBC Radio 1Xtra's 'One in the Jungle' and worked on television projects relating to Jungle and Underground Youth Culture for BBC South, Channel 4 and MTV.
In 2021 Belle-Fortune appeared on The Guardian's panel discussion 'Black and British: 30 years of jungle and drum’n’bass'. The discussion was featured on Black History Month's official website and has now been archived in the online Black Music Library.
Belle-Fortune has been interviewed about the impact of All Crews multiple times by various media outlets and magazines, including Bulgarian magazine Avtora.com. He has also appeared on Richard Pup's podcast about his experience as a writer living with M.S.
Legacy
Critical reception
The book was positively received by the music press, both when it was originally released and when it was re-released in 2004. It regularly features in shortlists of important books about the history of bass music, including those compiled by Mixmag, Attack Magazine, Identification of Music, and online music blogs like readsnriddims.com.
When talking to UKF music journalist Ben Murphy described All Crews as an 'excellent' guide to Drum and Bass. Beatportal also referenced All Crews as source material in an online feature about the 'definitive history of Drum and Bass'. Nottingham arts and culture magazine Leftlion, reviewed the 2005 edition and labelled it a 'classic'. In 2013 Romanian music magazine Awkmo published a feature about the prevalence of bootlegged copies in the Romanian Drum and Bass scene in Timișoara.
In 2020, Reverb quoted interviews from All Crews in a feature about the use of samplers in the development of Jungle Drum and Bass from Breakbeat Hardcore
All Crews has also been referenced in multiple other books about DJing, club culture and Jungle Drum and Bass. In Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton's title Last Night a DJ Saved My Life All Crews is quoted extensively in the chapter about Jungle.
Martin James also references All Crews multiple times in his title State of Bass, as do Ben Murphy and Carl Loben in their bass music title Renegade Snares.
Academic reception
The book has been cited as a source in articles and journals across a broad range of disciplines including: media studies, cultural studies, sociology of identity, popular dance studies, technological studies in popular music, psychedelic research, histiography and even contemporary archaeology.
In late 2021, Dr Chris Christodoulou, senior lecturer at Westminster School of Arts held an academic panel discussion about the book's importance as an academic text entitled 'The impact and significance of Brian Belle-Fortune’s ‘All Crew Muss Big Up’.
Synopsis
The book is a collection of chapters that vary in writing style, length and format. Each chapter covers a range of topics relating to Jungle Drum & Bass culture.
The earlier chapters in the book examine the beginnings of Jungle Drum & Bass, and also explore the origins of key elements of the scene, including: crews, DJs, MCs, producers, pressing houses, labels, raves and promoters. Later chapters in the book cover other issues relating to Jungle Drum & Bass like violence in clubs; the scene's portrayal in the media and Jungle Drum & Bass's global impact.
Several chapters of All Crews are creative pieces informed by Belle-Fortune's own experiences within the scene. Belle-Fortune's creative voice combines London slang with Jungle Drum & Bass terminology.
One chapter of All Crews about the origins of the MC was written by MC Navigator.
Editions
Initially published in 1999 as All Crew Muss Big Up, it was well received by the Jungle Drum & Bass Community, but sold out quickly, fell out of print and developed a cult following. It was reprinted in 2004 and re-released as All Crews: A Journey Through Jungle Drum & Bass Culture, featuring both the original text and also updated interviews and writing. All Crews has also been translated into Russian and Italian. While it is currently out of print, another updated edition is forthcoming in 2023.
Prior to the first edition of All Crews being published, several early versions of the book were produced. These have become extremely rare and hard to obtain, with Belle-Fortune himself comparing them to a 'white label' or 'Dubplate' edition of the book
References
2004 books
1999 non-fiction books
History books about music |
Muriel T. Yacavone (May 16, 1920 – December 18, 2012) was an American politician.
From Hartford, Connecticut, Yacavone served the 9th District in the Connecticut House of Representatives, encompassing the area of East Hartford and Manchester from 1970 to 1982. She also served on the town council for South Windsor.
After graduating from high school, Yacavone joined The Rockettes in 1938. She enlisted in the Marine Corps during World War II.
Yacavone died on December 18, 2012, at the age of 92 after a brief illness.
Notes
1920 births
2012 deaths
Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut
Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Connecticut
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians
Connecticut city council members
Women city councillors in Connecticut
21st-century American women |
Mary Hay may refer to:
Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll (died 1758)
Mary Hay (actress) (1901–1957), American dancer, actress, playwright and former Ziegfeld girl
Mary Garrett Hay (1857–1928), American suffragist
Mary Cecil Hay (1840/41–1886), English novelist |
Movie 4 (also known as Movie Four) is a television program that aired at various times, but predominantly weekday afternoons, on various television stations on channel 4, including WNBC-TV in New York City from 1956 to 1974. WNBC's program aired top-rank first-run movies and other future classics from Hollywood, as well as foreign films. As with other movie shows of 90-minute length, films that ran longer were often divided into two parts.
Though it achieved a degree of success, for most of its run the WNBC show usually ran in the shadow of rival WCBS-TV's The Early Show on weekdays and The Late Show on weekends. Despite its being a major player among the local movie shows for nearly 18 years, the program today is largely forgotten in relation to WABC-TV's better-known The 4:30 Movie.
The Movie 4 title was also used at varying times until the 1970s by NBC's two other owned-and-operated stations on channel 4, WRC-TV in Washington, D.C. and (to a considerably lesser degree) KNBC in Los Angeles. The network's Chicago outlet, WMAQ-TV, used the title Movie 5 for its movie shows from the late 1950s up to the 1980s; and during NBC's ownership of Philadelphia station WRCV-TV (now KYW-TV), their movie umbrella was known as Movie 3.
Early history
What became Movie 4 debuted on what was then WRCA-TV on June 4, 1956. In its first eight months on the air, the program was known as Evening Theatre, and was hosted by staff announcer Johnny Andrews. Prior to its debut, WRCA-TV had been the least committed to airing old movies among the New York television stations. The show was started in large part as the station's attempt to compete with WCBS-TV's aforementioned movie shows and WOR-TV's Million Dollar Movie, as well as capitalizing on the recent release of major pre- and post-1948 films from the top Hollywood studios for television. Only a month into the show's run, and to show that the station was in the game for keeps, WRCA-TV appointed whom they called a "film director" to oversee the purchase of first-run feature films, and to advise NBC's O&O's and affiliates. The program's title switched to Movie 4 on or about February 3, 1957.
Peak years
The heyday for Movie 4 was in the late 1950s and early 1960s. During this period, many films that became classics had their New York television premieres. Among these films were The Bells of St. Mary's, High Noon, The Quiet Man, The Men, and East of Eden. For the most part, top-line features were usually reserved for the Saturday and Sunday night airings, while more standard fare was run on weekdays and weekend afternoons.
Prestigious foreign films—mainly from England but also from other countries—also had their first showings on Movie 4 over the years. For example, in the autumn of 1960, New York viewers saw the 1955 Peter Sellers–Alec Guinness version of The Ladykillers for the first time on television, as well as Fernandel's The Sheep Has Five Legs, the 1954 Rossano Brazzi film Flesh and Desire, the 1957 French release Les Louves (Demoniac), the 1955 Spanish movie The Miracle of Marcelino, and the 1950 Italian film Prima comunione (Father's Dilemma).
In the program's last years, several films became recurring staples of Movie 4s schedule, including North by Northwest, Home from the Hill, Soldier in the Rain, Captain Newman, M.D., Father Goose, The Time Machine, The Babe Ruth Story, and the respective pilots for Columbo (both Prescription: Murder and Ransom for a Dead Man) and Ironside. Some of Elvis Presley's films also saw play on Movie 4, among them Flaming Star, Kissin' Cousins and It Happened at the World's Fair. The show was also among the first times New Yorkers saw the Doctor Who character, via the theatrical releases Dr. Who and the Daleks and Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. with Peter Cushing as the title character. The station also had its share of Japanese monster movies, including Ghidrah, the Three-Headed Monster and Godzilla vs. the Sea Monster, but such titles were minuscule compared with the number of such films that ran on rival WABC-TV's The 4:30 Movie.
Other films shown on Movie 4 were Visit to a Small Planet, Crawlspace (1972), Lover Come Back (1961), Ten Little Indians (1965), and I'd Rather Be Rich, and such MGM musicals as Annie Get Your Gun, The Band Wagon, Singin' in the Rain, High Society, Kiss Me Kate, and Les Girls.
Time slots
When Evening Theatre began in 1956, it ran Mondays through Fridays from 5:30 to 6:45 pm On January 20, 1957, a few weeks prior to its title change to Movie 4, a Sunday night airing commencing at 10:30 pm was added, as well as a screening on Saturday at 5 pm After another scheduling change, a Saturday night edition starting at 11:15 pm went on the air on April 20, 1957. On June 30, 1958, the weekday airings were rescheduled to the 5:00 to 6:30 pm time slot, which largely held, with notable exceptions, through 1965. (In the 1961–62 season, a five-minute program fronted by Kukla and Ollie pushed Movie 4'''s starting time to 5:05 pm) By 1961, the weekend movies began on both nights at 11:15 pm (There were also early afternoon weekend films run by WNBC throughout this period, usually under the banner of Movie 4 Matinee.) In 1963, WNBC-TV began offering a late-night weeknight movie program that would come to be called The Great Great Show (a play on the title of WCBS-TV's overnight movie series The Late Late Show, with a logo reminiscent of the TV series The Wild Wild West).
As the years went on, the frequency of Movie 4s airings began to be gradually reduced. In October 1960, the late Saturday afternoon editions were discontinued (they would appear on and off on the weekend afternoon schedule in later years, but such airings were never considered part of the series proper). The program's Sunday night airings ended on September 23, 1962, and was replaced the next week by reruns of Desilu Playhouse. From December 1962 to April 1963, the weekday airings were temporarily cancelled by WNBC due to the 1962 New York City newspaper strike, while special newscasts ran in their place; the strike ultimately led to the creation of a 30-minute newscast, The Pressman–Ryan Report, anchored by Gabe Pressman and Bill Ryan.The extra length may have also been the prototype for their eventual two-hour NewsCenter4. The Saturday night airings of Movie 4 came to an end on January 2, 1965; the following week, weekend reruns of The Tonight Show took their place.TV Guide, New York-Metropolitan Edition, January 9–15, 1965. Thereafter, Movie 4 generally aired weekdays only. After WNBC-TV's early-evening local newscast was expanded from 30 minutes to an hour on May 10, 1965, Movie 4 moved to its final time slot of 4:30 to 6 pm, where it remained for the rest of its run.
Opening and closing themesMovie 4 went through several different opening and closing title segments over the years. One such set, made in 1964 and used to about 1966, has shown up online. They were produced by an animation studio that had done bumpers for WNBC-TV at the time. The opening theme, "Silhouette of a Dream," was composed by Stan Zabka, a former associate director of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and the closing theme was an easy listening version of "Petite Fleur (Little Flower)."
Later years
Up to the beginning of 1968, Movie 4 had largely played second fiddle to WCBS's The Early Show. However, in the space of two months in early 1968, came the premiere of what became known as The 4:30 Movie on WABC-TV in January, followed by the cancellation of weekday airings of The Early Show on WCBS-TV and its replacement with The Mike Douglas Show in March. While the series had some up-and-down moments afterwards, these moves eventually consigned Movie 4 to also-ran status, and the show's ratings began to decline. To make matters worse, WNBC-TV's own ratings plunged to last place among the city's network O&O's in the early 1970s, dragging Movie 4 down with it. This was despite a series of promotional advertisements for Movie 4 published in TV Guide and the Daily News with illustrations by Robert Grossman, and later caricatures of individual films' stars by Al Hirschfeld, as run during 1972. In addition, in the show's final years WNBC's inventory of films was becoming alarmingly low, due to their loss of rights to movies that wound up on WCBS-TV, WNEW-TV, WOR-TV and, ironically enough, WABC-TV.
The cancellation of Movie 4 was announced by WNBC-TV on December 12, 1973, as part of its plans for an expanded two-hour newscast that would debut on April 29, 1974 as NewsCenter4. The last Movie 4, a repeat of The Time Machine, was aired on April 26, 1974. The resulting half-hour void left by the cancellation of Movie 4 was filled by reruns of Room 222, whose run on ABC had ended only a few months earlier. Movie 4's demise left WABC-TV as the only network O&O to have an afternoon movie show (The 4:30 Movie, which ran until 1981). The end also preceded by nearly two years the introduction of home videocassette recorders, and by several more years the beginning of the growth of cable television.
Postscript and aftermath
The end of Movie 4 in 1974 effectively brought to a close WNBC-TV's run as a movie showcase. While the station initially retained some of the films that were aired during Movie 4's final years, most of the packages in their library subsequently went to other New York stations, such as 1960s films from Universal Studios that wound up on rival WPIX, which aired several of the titles (including Father Goose and the Columbo and Ironside pilots) as part of its own The Eight O'Clock Movie that ran from December 1974 until the premiere of The WB Television Network in 1995.
As the years went on, the quality of films shown on WNBC-TV became increasingly inferior, with some coming almost exclusively from the public domain. From 1977 or so, the station began using the all-purpose umbrella title Cinema 4 to replace various individual titles that had been in use since the mid-1960s. Cinema 4'' ran with decreasing frequency, in its last years confined to occasional weekend airings and overnight weekend showings, until the late 1980s.
List of theme weeks on Movie 4
Actors
Frank Sinatra Week
Elvis Week
Rock Hudson Week
Individual genres
Women's Lib Week
Male Animal Week
Murder Mystery Week
Love and Marriage Week
Hollywood Lives Week
Romance Week
Flying Week
Miscellaneous weeks and months
Abbondanza Month
Foreign Film Week
Academy Award Month
March of Hits Month
Color Week
MGM Musicals Week
References and footnotes
External links
Video clips of 1964 opening and closing titles of Movie 4 (YouTube.com)
1956 American television series debuts
Culture of New York City
1974 American television series endings
1950s American television series
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
Local motion picture television series |
Payapur is a village in the Khammam district, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located 3 km from its local Mandal at Kalluru.
There are approximately 250 households in the village and surrounding area, and the village is dominated by the Golla/yadavs caste, a caste in the state. The local economy is driven by agriculture, based primarily on Paddy. The climate of the Payapur area is tropical, with hot summers and moderate winters, and is dry throughout the year. Annual mean daily maximum temperature is 38 °C, while minimum is 27.7 °C.
References
Villages in Khammam district |
```java
/*
* one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed
* with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*/
package io.camunda.operate.webapp.backup;
import io.camunda.operate.exceptions.OperateRuntimeException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class Metadata {
public static final String SNAPSHOT_NAME_PREFIX = "camunda_operate_";
private static final String SNAPSHOT_NAME_PATTERN = "{prefix}{version}_part_{index}_of_{count}";
private static final String SNAPSHOT_NAME_PREFIX_PATTERN = SNAPSHOT_NAME_PREFIX + "{backupId}_";
private static final Pattern BACKUPID_PATTERN =
Pattern.compile(SNAPSHOT_NAME_PREFIX + "(\\d*)_.*");
private Long backupId;
private String version;
private Integer partNo;
private Integer partCount;
public static String buildSnapshotNamePrefix(Long backupId) {
return SNAPSHOT_NAME_PREFIX_PATTERN.replace("{backupId}", String.valueOf(backupId));
}
// backward compatibility with v. 8.1
public static Long extractBackupIdFromSnapshotName(String snapshotName) {
final Matcher matcher = BACKUPID_PATTERN.matcher(snapshotName);
if (matcher.matches()) {
return Long.valueOf(matcher.group(1));
} else {
throw new OperateRuntimeException(
"Unable to extract backupId. Snapshot name: " + snapshotName);
}
}
public Long getBackupId() {
return backupId;
}
public Metadata setBackupId(Long backupId) {
this.backupId = backupId;
return this;
}
public String getVersion() {
return version;
}
public Metadata setVersion(String version) {
this.version = version;
return this;
}
public Integer getPartNo() {
return partNo;
}
public Metadata setPartNo(Integer partNo) {
this.partNo = partNo;
return this;
}
public Integer getPartCount() {
return partCount;
}
public Metadata setPartCount(Integer partCount) {
this.partCount = partCount;
return this;
}
public String buildSnapshotName() {
return SNAPSHOT_NAME_PATTERN
.replace("{prefix}", buildSnapshotNamePrefix(backupId))
.replace("{version}", version)
.replace("{index}", partNo + "")
.replace("{count}", partCount + "");
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(version, partNo, partCount);
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
return false;
}
final Metadata that = (Metadata) o;
return Objects.equals(version, that.version)
&& Objects.equals(partNo, that.partNo)
&& Objects.equals(partCount, that.partCount);
}
}
``` |
Countess Russell may refer to:
Elizabeth von Arnim (1866–1941), wife of Frank Russell, second Earl Russell
Dora Russell (1894–1986), second wife of philosopher Bertrand Russell
Frances Russell, Countess Russell (1815–1898), second wife of Prime Minister John Russell
Patricia Russell (1910–2004), third wife of philosopher Bertrand Russell
See also
Anne Russell, Countess of Bedford (1615–1684), wife of William Russell, 5th Earl of Bedford
Anne Russell, Countess of Warwick (1548/1549–1604), third wife of Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick |
Nuku Hiva (sometimes spelled Nukahiva or Nukuhiva) is the largest of the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas country of France in the Pacific Ocean. It was formerly also known as Île Marchand and Madison Island.
Herman Melville wrote his book Typee based on his experiences in the Taipivai valley in the eastern part of Nuku Hiva. Robert Louis Stevenson's first landfall on his voyage on the Casco was at Hatihe'u, on the north side of the island, in 1888.
Geography
Coast
Western Nuku Hiva is characterized by a steep but fairly regular coastline, indented occasionally by small bays, leading to deep valleys, which in turn lead into the interior. There are no villages on the western side. The coastline of the eastern part of the island has few places to land by sea and takes the brunt of the ocean swells. The northern side, in contrast, is indented by deep bays, the largest of which are Anahō and Hatihe'u. A third bay, 'A'akapa, is smaller and lies next to a village of the same name. The southern side has fewer bays. One is at Taioha'e. Three others, at Taipivai, Ho'oumi, and Hakaui, are part of the larger Baie du Contrôleur. Another two, at Hakau'i and Hakatea, are both accessed by the same narrow entrance.
In Vaihi ridge just south of Taipivai, there exists petroglyphs that records the introduction of horses brought into the island by Admiral Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars in 1842.
Inland
The central part of the island is a high plateau called To'ovi'i, covered primarily by a tall-grass prairie, on which experiments in cattle raising are taking place for the first time.
On the western edge of To'ovi'i rises Tekao, the island's highest peak, which reaches an elevation of 1224 m (4,016 ft). The western and northern edges of To'ovi'i are a mountain ridge, which catches much of the rain that waters the island.
Pine forest plantations covering large areas all around the crater of To'ovi'i give an overall impression of the lower Alps and parts of Germany, Wales and Switzerland. In one place, Vaipō Waterfall, the collected water falls off a highland and falls 350 m (1,148 ft).
The slopes of the north western side of the island are much drier than the rest of the island, and are often described as a desert named Te Henua a Taha or "Terre Déserte" in French.
Administration
Nuku Hiva is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Nuku-Hiva, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands.
The administrative centre of the commune of Nuku-Hiva and also of the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands is the settlement of Taioha'e, located on the south side of Nuku Hiva, at the head of the bay of that same name.
Demographics
The population in 2007 was 2,660. This is substantially less than that encountered at the end of the 16th century when the Spaniards first sighted the island. Contacts with Europeans may have brought New World infections such as venereal disease and influenza, causing high mortality. Historical sources are sparse, and it is unclear when various diseases commonly seen in the New World, Europe and Asia first appeared in Nuku Hiva. The population has increased to 3210 by 2017.
The population is primarily Polynesian with a small proportion of Europeans, mostly from Metropolitan France. At the 2002 census, 92.6% of Nuku Hiva's residents were born in French Polynesia while 148 people, making up 5.6% of Nuku Hiva's residents, were people born in Metropolitan France.
Life
The primary diet of people tends to be breadfruit, taro, manioc, coconut and many kinds of fruit, which grow in abundance. Goats, fish and, more rarely, pigs, are the main sources of meat but there is a growing amount of local beef available. Imported food is also freely available, including apples, grapes, celery, and even sliced bread from New Zealand. Two local bakeries produce baguettes, another cheap staple. Considerable rice is also eaten. There are a great many wild pigs on the island which are a cross between the Polynesian pig brought by the first settlers and the wild boar brought by the Europeans.
There is a prison on the island, which is notable for being the smallest in France. It uses an open prison regime, and prisoners are free to use the grounds with a minimum of supervision. Prisoners who do not follow the model are returned to prison in Papeete.
Transportation
Nuku Hiva is served by a single-runway airport in the northwest corner of the island, approximately by road, northwest of Taioha'e. The airport was opened on December 14, 1980.
Religion
The majority of the island's population, as is the case in the Marquesas Islands, is Christian as a result of European colonisation and the activity of both Catholic and Protestant missionaries. The site (specifically Taiohae) is home to the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Marquesas Islands (Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Îles Marquises), seat of the Diocese of Taiohae of which 85% of the total population is Catholic according to 2018 data. Other churches under the same diocese include the Church of Saint Joseph in Taipivai (Église de Saint-Joseph), the Church of the Sacred Heart in Hatiheu (Église des Sacrés-Cœurs), Church of Saint Therese of the Infant Jesus in Aakapa (Église de Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Enfant-Jésus)
History
Ancient Period
Nuku Hiva was, in ancient times, the site of two provinces, Te I'i covering somewhat more than the western two thirds of the island, and Tai Pī, covering the eastern third.
Latest studies indicate that the first people to arrive here came from west Polynesia around 2000 years ago, only later colonizing Tahiti, Hawai'i, The Cook Islands and New Zealand.
The legend has it that 'Ono, the god of creation, promised his wife to build a house in one day, so he gathered together land and created these islands, which are all named after parts of the house, Nuku Hiva being the roof. Everything he had left over he threw to one side and created a dump which is called 'Ua Huka. From these supposed origins the population rose to an untenable size; first European estimates vary from 50,000 to 100,000.
Food became of prime importance. Breadfruit was the staple, but taro, plantain and manioc also played a big part. As for meat, fish was the main source, but even so was limited because of the quantity needed to feed so many mouths. Pigs, chickens and dogs were also cultivated, and hunted when they took to the wild.
The extent to which cannibalism was practiced in pre-historic times is debated. Some anthropologists believe that ritualistic cannibalism once existed here, although others claim it is more of a myth. The tales of cannibalism received widespread publicity in 2011 when the burnt remains of a German visitor found on Nuku Hiva led to speculation that the victim may have been partially eaten. However, when the murderer was eventually arrested, tried, and convicted, the prosecution presented no evidence that cannibalism was involved.
Post-contact Period
European exploration and whaling
On July 21, 1595 Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira stopped at Fatu Iva and called the islands Los Marquesas after the wife of the Viceroy of Peru. James Cook likewise visited the south in 1774, and the Solide expedition in 1791. There is little evidence that these visits led to the introduction of diseases, perhaps because slow passages inhibited the diseases aboard the ships. It seems that it was the commercial shipping, taking on sandalwood, and the whaling ships that brought the epidemics that killed nine out of ten Polynesians.
Nuku Hiva Campaign
During the wars between the Te I'i and the Tai Pī, on October 25, 1813, the American Captain David Porter arrived in the frigate USS Essex, the flagship of his fleet of ten other armed ships. A shore party was landed and they claimed the island for the United States and constructed a small village, named Madisonville. A fortification, named Fort Madison, and a dock were also built, the latter to refit the Essex. Almost immediately Porter became involved in the tribal conflict.
The first expedition into the jungle was led by Lieutenant John Downes. He and forty others, with the assistance of several hundred Te I'is, captured a fort held by 3,000 to 4,000 Happah warriors. The victory forced the Happah to terms and they allied themselves with both the Americans and the Te I'i. Porter himself led a second expedition in which he made an amphibious assault against the Tai Pī held coastline. Five thousand Te I'is and Happahs accompanied the fleet in at least 200 war-canoes.
The landing was unopposed. Porter's force of thirty men and a cannon led the march inland where they found another, more formidable, enemy fort. The thousands of natives, armed with rocks and spears but positioned in a formidable mountain fortress, were able to fend off their attackers. The victory was short-lived however and Captain Porter followed up his landing with an expedition overland, bypassing the fort, to threaten the Tai Pī's village center in Typee Valley, as the Americans named it.
The column arrived at their destination on 30 November 1813. The first shots fired occurred after the Tai Pī's attempted to ambush the column; the attack was beaten off. Porter issued a message warning that if the Tai Pī did not cease their resistance at once, he would destroy the villages. After a little while of waiting, the hostiles seemed to ignore the demands so the expedition advanced. An engagement ensued as the villages were burned.
In the end, the Americans and their Te I'i and Happah allies had won at severe cost to the enemy, who sued for peace soon after. The next few months were peaceful until May 1814. The War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom was in its third year and most of the American fleet was captured British privateers. At least six British prisoners were at Nuku Hiva during the American operations against the natives, not including a number who volunteered to fight for Captain Porter.
In December 1813, Porter left Nuku Hiva to continue raiding British whalers. He left behind only nineteen navy sailors and six prisoners under two midshipmen and United States Marine Corps Lieutenant John M. Gamble. On May 7, 1814, a group of the British sailors mutinied, released the six prisoners, and attacked the fort. Gamble was wounded in the foot and taken captive with his remaining men on the converted whaler Seringapatam, though the Americans were set adrift later that day.
Another version, told in the book "The Washington Islands" and given by the head archeologist of French Polynesia, is that Porter and his fleet of three ships (including two captured British ships) came to Taioha'e and made a prison there. Porter sent some of his cannons overland, and took three days to get to Taipivai. He also then had his ships go into Taipivai harbor.
Porter called it a great victory even though the villagers simply left; the chief thought Porter was insane. Porter went back to Taioha'e where he had a prison set up for the British sailors. Porter's men became lax because they were more interested in the village women, enabling the British sailors to break out and make the Americans prisoners. Soon, the British in turn became lax, and the Americans broke out of the prison and made the British prisoners. The chief had had enough of this behavior and told Porter to get out. Porter left.
The Americans used an Englishman named Wilson, who lived on the island, as an interpreter; on May 9 he convinced the Te I'i that Porter would not return from his raid, which the natives were not happy about. Wilson eventually persuaded the Te I'is to cancel the alliance and attack. Six American sailors were on the beach at Madisonville at the time, four of the men were killed and one other man escaped wounded with a second survivor. Gamble was alone on , one of the captured British ships. While he was still recovering from the wound to his foot, two Te I'i war-canoes attacked the ship. The ship's cannon were already loaded, so Lieutenant Gamble stumbled from one gun to another, firing them as fast as he could. Ultimately, Gamble beat off the enemy attack single-handedly. However, after the deaths of four of his men in town, there was no choice but to abandon the colony with the remaining seven men - all of whom were either wounded or ill. After that, the base was never again occupied by American forces. Captain Porter, who intended to sail back to Nuka Hiva, was captured at the Battle of Valparaíso on March 28.
Meanwhile, unknown to Porter on 28 August 1814, a Royal Navy flotilla with HMS Briton anchored off Nuku Hiva. They found that Porter had built Fort Madison, Nuku Hiva and a villa on the island, which the natives destroyed after his ship left. Before his departure, Thomas Staines, with the consent of the local tribes excepting the "Typees" from the Tai Pi Valley, took possession of Nuku Hiva on behalf of the British Crown.
When Porter got back to the US, he went in front of the United States Congress and proudly told Congress that he claimed the Washington Islands as American. Congress was aghast that American sailors would cohabitate with the islanders, leading Congress to decline Porter's claim. Congress didn't want the shame that American sailors would act like that. Some years later, Porter became chief of Mexico's navy.
In 1842 France took possession of the whole group and established a settlement which was abandoned in 1859.
19th and 20th centuries
A ship from Peru captured people from 'Ua Pou and took them back as slaves (see Blackbirding), but as the Catholic Church had converted the islands to Christianity by then, there was a protest and those captives who were still alive were sent back. However, this was a mixed blessing because they brought typhoid fever. A population in excess of 100,000 in 1820 fell to 6,000 in 1872, to 3,000 in 1911 and to a low point of 2,200 in 1927. It seemed that there was no way the Marquesans would survive, but two French doctors toured the islands giving vaccinations and medical care and halted the heavy death toll. Leprosy, however, was still a problem only 20 years ago and elephantiasis is only now almost gone.
21st century
An aircraft carrying the then-mayor of Nuku Hiva, Lucien Kimitete, along with MP Boris Léontieff, Mayor of Arue and two other politicians, disappeared in May 2002. Kimitete promoted separation of the Marquesas Islands from French Polynesia within the French Republic, and there was speculation that the disappearances were due to foul play. Many locals still believe this crash was not properly investigated. Since the death of Kimitete, Marquesan political leaders have repeatedly declared themselves in favor of separating from French Polynesia and remaining within the French Republic in case French Polynesian political leaders in Tahiti would proclaim the independence of French Polynesia.
Media use
In 2001, Nuku Hiva was used as the filming location for Survivor: Marquesas, the fourth season of the American reality competition series Survivor, airing in the United States in 2002.
British explorer and presenter Ben Fogle filmed an episode of Ben Fogle: New Lives in the Wild in 2015 with a nomadic couple who reside on a boat, which was moored off Nuku Hiva at the time of his week-long visit. They sailed from the southwest to the northeast.
In literature
Herman Melville’s book Typee (1846) is based on the time he spent on the island after deserting the American whaling ship Acushnet in 1842.
In his science fiction novel Paris in the Twentieth Century, written in 1863, Jules Verne describes Nuku Hiva as one of the main stock exchanges of the world of 1960:
Additionally, Jules Verne’s “The Floating Island” makes a stop at Nuka-Hiva (sic) where he provides an extensive profile of its occupants, flora, fauna, geography, etc., as known in the late 19th century.
See also
List of volcanoes in French Polynesia
Overseas France
Dependent Territory
References
Further reading
Robert Louis Stevenson, In the South Seas, Being an Account of Experiences and Observations in the Marquesas, Paumotur and Gilbert Islands in the Course of Two Cruises, on the Yacht Casco (1888) and the Schooner Equator (1898), a collection of letters published posthumously in 1896
Herman Melville's first book, Typee, first edition 1846, documents the ways and mores of the people of Taipivai.
In Edward Everett Hale's novella "The Man Without a Country", Nolan helps Commodore Porter in the victory at Nuka Hiva (spelled Nukahiwa). The narrator says, "We should have kept the islands, and at this moment we should have one station in the Pacific Ocean. Our French friends, too, when they wanted this little watering-place, would have found it was preoccupied. But Madison and the Virginians, of course, flung all that away."
External links
Presidency of French Polynesia article on Nuku Hiva
Geography of the Marquesas Islands
Islands of the Marquesas Islands
Volcanoes of French Polynesia
Cannibalism in Oceania |
WPVL (1590 AM), is an American radio station broadcasting a sports format. WPVL, which is licensed to Platteville, Wisconsin, is owned by QueenB Radio Wisconsin, Inc. and features programming from ESPN Radio. Former call signs used by WPVL have been WTOQ and WSWW. The station's current letters were formerly held by WPVL in Painesville, Ohio. Prior to their current sports format, the station programmed oldies music.
In April 2012, WPVL was granted a U.S. Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to a new transmitter site, decrease day power to 970 watts, and decrease night power to 470 watts.
References
External links
FCC construction permit
Morgan Murphy Media stations
PVL
Sports radio stations in the United States |
The 2011–12 season was Oldham Athletic's 15th consecutive season in the third tier of the English football league system. The team was managed by Paul Dickov and captained by Dean Furman following the departure of the previous captain, Reuben Hazell after the 2010–11 season.
As well as Hazell's departure, a number of other players, including goalkeeper Dean Brill, former youth team players Lewis Alessandra and Deane Smalley and highly rated midfielder Dale Stephens left the Latics before the start of the season. In their place, Dickov signed goalkeeper Alex Cisak from Accrington Stanley and Zander Diamond from Aberdeen. Jean-Yves Mvoto, who had been on loan at Oldham during the 2010–11 season was also signed on a permanent contract. Dickov made his highest profile signing of the summer on transfer deadline day, 31 August 2011, when he signed Finnish forward Shefki Kuqi following his release by Newcastle United. Kuqi became an immediate success, scoring 11 goals in his first 15 games for Oldham.
The Latics struggled with inconsistency in the league for the first half of the season, ending 2011 in 14th place in League One. However, propelled by Kuqi's goals and the form of loan signings Luca Scapuzzi and Robbie Simpson, Oldham progressed to the Northern Section Final of the Football League Trophy and the third round of the FA Cup, eventually losing over two legs to Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy and going down 5–1 to Premier League Liverpool in the FA Cup after a creditable display at Anfield.
The end of Oldham's cup runs coincided with a loss of form in the league and the end of Kuqi's goalscoring run. After starting 2012 eight points from the play-offs in 14th place, the Latics slipped into a relegation battle, winning only 5 of their next 20 matches before their League One status was guaranteed by a 1–1 draw at home with Preston North End. The season ended with a 2–1 victory at home to Carlisle, following which Oldham prepared for a summer of change, with a total of 18 first-team players out of contract for the 2012–13 season.
League table
Squad statistics
First-team squad
Includes all players who were awarded squad numbers during the season.
(Captain)
(Player/Coach)
Appearances, goals & disciplinary record
Top scorers
Transfers
Results & fixtures
Pre-season friendlies
League One
FA Cup
League Cup
Football League Trophy
References
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. seasons
Oldham Athletic |
Ardisia humilis (jet berry) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ardisia in the family Primulaceae, native to southeastern Asia in southern China (Guangdong, Hainan), the Philippines, and Vietnam.
Description
Ardisia humilis is an evergreen shrub growing 1–2 m (rarely to 5 m) tall. The leaves are broad ovate to elliptical, 15–18 cm long and 5–7 cm broad, with a leathery texture and an acute apex. The flowers are reddish-purple to pink and 5–6 mm diameter; they are produced in corymbs in mid-spring. The fruit is a red to dark purple drupe 6 mm diameter, containing a single seed, and it matures in late autumn.
Status
Ardisia humilis is considered to be included in the single variable species Ardisia elliptica by some botanists.
References
humilis
Taxa named by Martin Vahl |
San Tommaso Apostolo is a Roman Catholic parish church located on the Piazza Francesco Paolo Neglia (also known as Piazza San Tommaso, and Via Roma in the town of Enna in Sicily, Italy. At a diagonal, across the street stands the church of Anime Sante del Purgatorio.
History and description
Documents show that a church dedicated to St Thomas in Enna was contributing to the bishopric of Catania by 1308–1310. In 1500, the sculptor Giuliano Mancino was commissioned to make the marble altarpiece for the main altar, completed in 1515. In the first decades of the 17th-century, Francesco Pellegrino (Peregrinus) painted the altarpiece depicting St Thomas verifying the Resurrected Christ. The work was restored in 1708 by Giuseppe Salamone. The crucifix in the church was restored in 1526, thus dates to prior centuries. Among the other artworks in the church is, for the painting by Peregrinus, a floral mosaic background by Giuseppe Fornasier. The church has four paintings of the prophets and a Holy Family by Saverio Marchese (1806-1859), who was the brother of the priest of San Tommaso.
The fountain with bronze sirens by Mario Termini in the piazza before the church was inaugurated in 1989. The bell-tower dates from the late 16th-century. The stairs before the facade had a metal balustrade added in 1994.
The church hosts celebrations for the Madonna of the Consolation and for Saint Lucy. Based in the church is the Confraternity of the Holy Sacrament, originally established in 1687 as the Compagnia dei Bianchi, that was meant to accompany those condemned to death. Originally, the confraternity had a home in the no-longer extant Chiesa del Santissimo Sacramento, once located adjacent to the Chiesa Madre. This group was dissoved in the late 19th-century during the wave of dissolutions with the advent of the Kingdom of Italy, but refounded in 1935 to as a lay Catholic organization. In 1991, the confraternity gifted the parish with a painting exalting the Mystery of the Eucharist by Pietro Marzilla.
References
Enna
Roman Catholic churches in Enna
14th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy |
```c
/***************************************************************************
* _ _ ____ _
* Project ___| | | | _ \| |
* / __| | | | |_) | |
* | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
* \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
*
*
* This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
* you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
* are also available at path_to_url
*
* You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
*
* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied.
*
***************************************************************************/
#include "curl_setup.h"
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
#include "urldata.h" /* it includes http_chunks.h */
#include "sendf.h" /* for the client write stuff */
#include "content_encoding.h"
#include "http.h"
#include "non-ascii.h" /* for Curl_convert_to_network prototype */
#include "strtoofft.h"
#include "warnless.h"
/* The last #include files should be: */
#include "curl_memory.h"
#include "memdebug.h"
/*
* Chunk format (simplified):
*
* <HEX SIZE>[ chunk extension ] CRLF
* <DATA> CRLF
*
* Highlights from RFC2616 section 3.6 say:
The chunked encoding modifies the body of a message in order to
transfer it as a series of chunks, each with its own size indicator,
followed by an OPTIONAL trailer containing entity-header fields. This
allows dynamically produced content to be transferred along with the
information necessary for the recipient to verify that it has
received the full message.
Chunked-Body = *chunk
last-chunk
trailer
CRLF
chunk = chunk-size [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
chunk-data CRLF
chunk-size = 1*HEX
last-chunk = 1*("0") [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
chunk-extension= *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
chunk-ext-name = token
chunk-ext-val = token | quoted-string
chunk-data = chunk-size(OCTET)
trailer = *(entity-header CRLF)
The chunk-size field is a string of hex digits indicating the size of
the chunk. The chunked encoding is ended by any chunk whose size is
zero, followed by the trailer, which is terminated by an empty line.
*/
#ifdef CURL_DOES_CONVERSIONS
/* Check for an ASCII hex digit.
We avoid the use of ISXDIGIT to accommodate non-ASCII hosts. */
static bool Curl_isxdigit_ascii(char digit)
{
return (digit >= 0x30 && digit <= 0x39) /* 0-9 */
|| (digit >= 0x41 && digit <= 0x46) /* A-F */
|| (digit >= 0x61 && digit <= 0x66); /* a-f */
}
#else
#define Curl_isxdigit_ascii(x) Curl_isxdigit(x)
#endif
void Curl_httpchunk_init(struct connectdata *conn)
{
struct Curl_chunker *chunk = &conn->chunk;
chunk->hexindex = 0; /* start at 0 */
chunk->dataleft = 0; /* no data left yet! */
chunk->state = CHUNK_HEX; /* we get hex first! */
}
/*
* chunk_read() returns a OK for normal operations, or a positive return code
* for errors. STOP means this sequence of chunks is complete. The 'wrote'
* argument is set to tell the caller how many bytes we actually passed to the
* client (for byte-counting and whatever).
*
* The states and the state-machine is further explained in the header file.
*
* This function always uses ASCII hex values to accommodate non-ASCII hosts.
* For example, 0x0d and 0x0a are used instead of '\r' and '\n'.
*/
CHUNKcode Curl_httpchunk_read(struct connectdata *conn,
char *datap,
ssize_t datalen,
ssize_t *wrotep)
{
CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
struct Curl_easy *data = conn->data;
struct Curl_chunker *ch = &conn->chunk;
struct SingleRequest *k = &data->req;
size_t piece;
curl_off_t length = (curl_off_t)datalen;
size_t *wrote = (size_t *)wrotep;
*wrote = 0; /* nothing's written yet */
/* the original data is written to the client, but we go on with the
chunk read process, to properly calculate the content length*/
if(data->set.http_te_skip && !k->ignorebody) {
result = Curl_client_write(conn, CLIENTWRITE_BODY, datap, datalen);
if(result)
return CHUNKE_WRITE_ERROR;
}
while(length) {
switch(ch->state) {
case CHUNK_HEX:
if(Curl_isxdigit_ascii(*datap)) {
if(ch->hexindex < MAXNUM_SIZE) {
ch->hexbuffer[ch->hexindex] = *datap;
datap++;
length--;
ch->hexindex++;
}
else {
return CHUNKE_TOO_LONG_HEX; /* longer hex than we support */
}
}
else {
char *endptr;
if(0 == ch->hexindex)
/* This is illegal data, we received junk where we expected
a hexadecimal digit. */
return CHUNKE_ILLEGAL_HEX;
/* length and datap are unmodified */
ch->hexbuffer[ch->hexindex] = 0;
/* convert to host encoding before calling strtoul */
result = Curl_convert_from_network(conn->data, ch->hexbuffer,
ch->hexindex);
if(result) {
/* Curl_convert_from_network calls failf if unsuccessful */
/* Treat it as a bad hex character */
return CHUNKE_ILLEGAL_HEX;
}
if(curlx_strtoofft(ch->hexbuffer, &endptr, 16, &ch->datasize))
return CHUNKE_ILLEGAL_HEX;
ch->state = CHUNK_LF; /* now wait for the CRLF */
}
break;
case CHUNK_LF:
/* waiting for the LF after a chunk size */
if(*datap == 0x0a) {
/* we're now expecting data to come, unless size was zero! */
if(0 == ch->datasize) {
ch->state = CHUNK_TRAILER; /* now check for trailers */
conn->trlPos = 0;
}
else
ch->state = CHUNK_DATA;
}
datap++;
length--;
break;
case CHUNK_DATA:
/* We expect 'datasize' of data. We have 'length' right now, it can be
more or less than 'datasize'. Get the smallest piece.
*/
piece = curlx_sotouz((ch->datasize >= length)?length:ch->datasize);
/* Write the data portion available */
if(!conn->data->set.http_te_skip && !k->ignorebody) {
if(!conn->data->set.http_ce_skip && k->writer_stack)
result = Curl_unencode_write(conn, k->writer_stack, datap, piece);
else
result = Curl_client_write(conn, CLIENTWRITE_BODY, datap, piece);
if(result)
return CHUNKE_WRITE_ERROR;
}
*wrote += piece;
ch->datasize -= piece; /* decrease amount left to expect */
datap += piece; /* move read pointer forward */
length -= piece; /* decrease space left in this round */
if(0 == ch->datasize)
/* end of data this round, we now expect a trailing CRLF */
ch->state = CHUNK_POSTLF;
break;
case CHUNK_POSTLF:
if(*datap == 0x0a) {
/* The last one before we go back to hex state and start all over. */
Curl_httpchunk_init(conn); /* sets state back to CHUNK_HEX */
}
else if(*datap != 0x0d)
return CHUNKE_BAD_CHUNK;
datap++;
length--;
break;
case CHUNK_TRAILER:
if((*datap == 0x0d) || (*datap == 0x0a)) {
/* this is the end of a trailer, but if the trailer was zero bytes
there was no trailer and we move on */
if(conn->trlPos) {
/* we allocate trailer with 3 bytes extra room to fit this */
conn->trailer[conn->trlPos++] = 0x0d;
conn->trailer[conn->trlPos++] = 0x0a;
conn->trailer[conn->trlPos] = 0;
/* Convert to host encoding before calling Curl_client_write */
result = Curl_convert_from_network(conn->data, conn->trailer,
conn->trlPos);
if(result)
/* Curl_convert_from_network calls failf if unsuccessful */
/* Treat it as a bad chunk */
return CHUNKE_BAD_CHUNK;
if(!data->set.http_te_skip) {
result = Curl_client_write(conn, CLIENTWRITE_HEADER,
conn->trailer, conn->trlPos);
if(result)
return CHUNKE_WRITE_ERROR;
}
conn->trlPos = 0;
ch->state = CHUNK_TRAILER_CR;
if(*datap == 0x0a)
/* already on the LF */
break;
}
else {
/* no trailer, we're on the final CRLF pair */
ch->state = CHUNK_TRAILER_POSTCR;
break; /* don't advance the pointer */
}
}
else {
/* conn->trailer is assumed to be freed in url.c on a
connection basis */
if(conn->trlPos >= conn->trlMax) {
/* we always allocate three extra bytes, just because when the full
header has been received we append CRLF\0 */
char *ptr;
if(conn->trlMax) {
conn->trlMax *= 2;
ptr = realloc(conn->trailer, conn->trlMax + 3);
}
else {
conn->trlMax = 128;
ptr = malloc(conn->trlMax + 3);
}
if(!ptr)
return CHUNKE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
conn->trailer = ptr;
}
conn->trailer[conn->trlPos++]=*datap;
}
datap++;
length--;
break;
case CHUNK_TRAILER_CR:
if(*datap == 0x0a) {
ch->state = CHUNK_TRAILER_POSTCR;
datap++;
length--;
}
else
return CHUNKE_BAD_CHUNK;
break;
case CHUNK_TRAILER_POSTCR:
/* We enter this state when a CR should arrive so we expect to
have to first pass a CR before we wait for LF */
if((*datap != 0x0d) && (*datap != 0x0a)) {
/* not a CR then it must be another header in the trailer */
ch->state = CHUNK_TRAILER;
break;
}
if(*datap == 0x0d) {
/* skip if CR */
datap++;
length--;
}
/* now wait for the final LF */
ch->state = CHUNK_STOP;
break;
case CHUNK_STOP:
if(*datap == 0x0a) {
length--;
/* Record the length of any data left in the end of the buffer
even if there's no more chunks to read */
ch->dataleft = curlx_sotouz(length);
return CHUNKE_STOP; /* return stop */
}
else
return CHUNKE_BAD_CHUNK;
}
}
return CHUNKE_OK;
}
const char *Curl_chunked_strerror(CHUNKcode code)
{
switch(code) {
default:
return "OK";
case CHUNKE_TOO_LONG_HEX:
return "Too long hexadecimal number";
case CHUNKE_ILLEGAL_HEX:
return "Illegal or missing hexadecimal sequence";
case CHUNKE_BAD_CHUNK:
return "Malformed encoding found";
case CHUNKE_WRITE_ERROR:
return "Write error";
case CHUNKE_BAD_ENCODING:
return "Bad content-encoding found";
case CHUNKE_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
return "Out of memory";
}
}
#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_HTTP */
``` |
Edward, Ted, Teddy, Ed, Eddy or Eddie Morgan may refer to:
Sports
Teddy Morgan (1880–1949), Welsh international rugby union player
Ted Morgan (boxer) (1906–1952), Olympic boxer from New Zealand
Eddie Morgan (rugby union) (1913–1978), Wales international rugby player
Ed Morgan (baseball) (1904–1980), American baseball player for the Cleveland Indians and Boston Red Sox
Eddie Morgan (baseball) (1914–1982), American baseball player for the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers
Politics and law
Edward Morgan (governor) (died 1665), Welsh politician, Governor of Jamaica
J. Ed Morgan (born 1947), American politician, Mississippi state senator
Ed Morgan (professor) (born 1955), Canadian professor of international law
Others
Edward Morgan (priest) (died 1642), Welsh Catholic priest
Sir Edward Morgan, 1st Baronet (died 1653), Welsh noble, Catholic supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War
Edward Morgan (Archdeacon of Ardfert) (fl. 1660s–1670s), Irish Anglican priest
Edward Delmar Morgan (1840–1909), English explorer and linguist
Edward M. Morgan (1855–1925), American postmaster of New York
Edward P. Morgan (1910–1993), American newspaper, radio and television journalist
Ted Morgan (writer) (born 1932), French-American biographer, journalist, and historian
Edward Morgan (choreographer) (fl. 1990s), American dancer and choreographer
See also
Edwin Morgan (disambiguation) |
Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz () is the 1984 entry in the Brazilian comedy film series Os Trapalhões. This is a parody of The Wizard of Oz (1939). It was directed by Dedé Santana and Vitor Lustosa. It injects elements and actors of Cinema Novo into family film to direct attention to the ongoing drought in the Northeast, an issue that remains unresolved. It was shot in the city of Orós, in the state of Ceará.
Overview
In addition to the regular members of Os Trapalhões—Renato Aragão, Dedé Santana, Mussum, and Zacarias—, Xuxa Meneghel, José Dumont, Joffre Soares, and Arnaud Rodrigues, who wrote the songs, also appeared. Santana played the Cowardly Lion, a sheriff, Zacarias played the Scarecrow, and Mussum played Vat, a cachaça-filled variation on the Tin Woodman. Xuxa plays Sheriff Lion's girlfriend, Aninha. Aragão plays his regular protagonist, Didi Mocó. Soares, best known for his work in Cinema Novo, plays a judge who sentences Didi's fellow tramps Soró (Rodrigues) and Tatu (Dumont) to jail for stealing bread, while the Sheriff keeps Didi, the Scarecrow, and Vat in his charge to find water for the town. It is said that certain unusual sertanejos will come to the town and save them, and the travellers fit the bill, at least as an excuse to get rid of them and the cowardly sheriff. All of the town's water is on the lush estate of Colonel Ferreira, who rations it, and tries to seduce Aninha with no success. The Wizard of Oróz (Dary Reis) sends them to retrieve a water-spitting monster, in fact a giant faucet, that washerwomen in Rio de Janeiro utilize.
The film is also noted for its parody of the opening scene of Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, and for the cameo appearance of Tony Tornado as the leader of the vultures (deliberately replacing crows in the drought context) that terrorize the Scarecrow until they are eaten by the Tramps. Also, it shows Aragão's Christian side—in the film, he kisses the feet of the statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, though he wanted to kiss the hand, and the film also depicts scenes of the Virgin Mary, played by Bia Seidl, riding upon a donkey to Bethlehem.
Reception
Rodrigo de Oliveira in his criticism for the Website Papo de Cinema wrote: "The year 1983 was problematic for the Trapalhões. (...) Six months after the fight, the quartet was again together, coproducing his new movie (... ) The split seems to have helped Directed by Dedé Santana and Victor Lustosa, the musical is one of the high moments of the movie troupe.
Cast
Renato Aragão as Didi Mocó
Dedé Santana as Cowardly Lion
Mussum as Tin Woodman
Zacarias as Scarecrow
Xuxa Meneghel as Aninha
Dary Reis as the Wizard of Oróz
José Dumont as Tatu
Arnaud Rodrigues as Soró
Maurício do Valle as Colonel Ferreira
Joffre Soares as Judge
Tony Tornado as Vulture's líder
Roberto Guilherme as Merchant
Dino Santana as Beatus of Desert
Bia Seidl as Virgin Mary
Fernando José
Wilson Viana
References
External links
1980s musical comedy films
1984 films
1980s parody films
Brazilian musical comedy films
Films based on The Wizard of Oz
Films shot in Ceará
Os Trapalhões
Brazilian parody films
1984 comedy films
1980s Portuguese-language films |
Jung Yoon-seok (born April 30, 2003) is a South Korean actor. He won Best Young Actor award in 2009 SBS Drama Awards for his role in Temptation of Wife.
Early life and education
Born to Korean-Chinese parents, Jung began his acting career in 2006 aged three.
Jung was born to parents of Korean-Chinese origin in Heilongjiang, China, his parents were naturalized as Korean citizens, and he was born and raised in Seoul. In 2008, the production crew of mentioned that Jung's parents acquired Korean citizenship.
Unlike Jung, his older sister, whose name is unknown, was born and raised in China and has a Chinese citizenship. When she was 24 years old and living in China, she appeared in a Screening Humanity episode when Jung was 5 years old. From his family, Jung is the youngest son who is 19 years younger than her.
Jung learned to speak a small amount of Chinese from his parents due to the fact that his mother, who had previously appeared in Screening Humanity, where she mentioned that she was teaching him one word a day because she was worried that his older sister in China would not be able to communicate with Jung, who was living in Korea at the time.
In 2019, Jung majored in acting at School of Performing Arts Seoul and graduated in 2022.
Filmography
Television series
Web series
Film
Television shows
Theater
Musical
Play
Ambassadorship
In 2013, Jung was appointed as the ambassador for the 13th Korea Youth Creation Film Festival (). From 2016 to 2018, he and Kim Ji-young were appointed as the ambassadors for Seoul Guro Kids International Film Festival (now Seoul International Children's Film Festival (SICFF)) 3 years in a row.
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male child actors
South Korean people of Chinese descent
Male actors from Seoul
21st-century South Korean male actors
School of Performing Arts Seoul alumni |
The Last Gun () is a 1964 Italian Western film directed by Sergio Bergonzelli. The film is set in 1866 in Arizona where a town is threatened by a bandits, which leads to a former gunfighter to re-equip his weapons for one final shoot out.
Release
The Last Gun was first released in 1964. It was distributed in Italy by Dipa as Jim il Primo . It was distributed in England by British Lion as Killer's Canyon.
Reception
In a retrospective review, Christopher Forsley of PopMatters stated that "the entire film [...] is unfocused". Forsley discussed the female characters in the film, stating that "every female character [...] no matter her age, faces a sustained threat of sexual assault. As demented as that sounds, it's through this unrelenting threat that Bergonzelli's uniquely perverted voice is heard and the film is almost redeemed for its many failures."
See also
Cameron Mitchell filmography
List of Italian films of 1964
References
Sources
External links
Films directed by Sergio Bergonzelli
1964 Western (genre) films
1964 films
Italian Western (genre) films
1960s Italian films |
The Battle of Cardadeu on 16 December 1808 saw an Imperial French corps led by Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr assault a Spanish force commanded by Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu and Theodor von Reding. Saint-Cyr won the engagement by forming most of his troops into gigantic attack columns and smashing through the Spanish lines. Cardedeu is located northeast of Barcelona, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
By the fall of 1808, a French corps under Guillaume Philibert Duhesme was besieged in Barcelona by a 24,000-man Spanish army led by Vives. With 23,000 Franco-Italian soldiers, Gouvion Saint-Cyr marched from France to relieve Duhesme's troops. First Saint-Cyr undertook the successful Siege of Roses. Confronted by the fortress of Girona, which had resisted two earlier attacks, the French general resorted to a risky strategy. Leaving his artillery and most of his supplies behind, he avoided Girona by marching 16,500 men though the mountains and headed for Barcelona. Saint-Cyr completely outgeneraled Vives, who was only able to marshal 9,000 troops to block his opponent. Vives drew up his outnumbered troops on high ground, but Saint-Cyr's huge columns proved unstoppable. The Spanish withdrew after suffering heavy losses and Barcelona was soon relieved.
Background
The Dos de Mayo Uprising had put Iberia in revolt against French rule. The Spanish conventional warfare had started
with the Battles of El Bruch. The British intervention had started with the Battle of Roliça. Napoleon's invasion of Spain had ended successfully with the French occupation of Madrid. The Corunna campaign started with the Battle of Cardedeu.
French defeats
As part of Emperor Napoleon's plan to seize the Kingdom of Spain in a military coup, several key points, including Barcelona were captured in February 1808. Among other strong places, the French also seized San Sebastián, Pamplona and Figueras by trickery. On 2 May 1808, the Spanish people revolted against the Imperial French occupation in the Dos de Mayo Uprising.
In the early summer of 1808, a 12,710-man French corps commanded by General of Division Guillaume Philibert Duhesme was stationed at Barcelona. General of Division Joseph Chabran's 1st Division had 6,050 soldiers in eight battalions, while General of Division Giuseppe Lechi's 2nd Division consisted of 4,600 men in six battalions. The 1,700 cavalry were organized in nine squadrons under Generals of Brigade Bertrand Bessières and François Xavier de Schwarz. The force included 360 artillerists. This modest-sized corps was instructed to put down the insurrection in Catalonia, to send assistance to Marshal Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey in his attempt to capture Valencia, and to hold Barcelona. Considering the intensity of the rebellion, these orders were unrealistic.
Chabran and Schwarz were defeated at the Battles of the Bruch in mid-June and Duhesme was repulsed in the Battle of Gerona on 20–21 June. After securing the assistance of an improvised division commanded by General of Division Honoré Charles Reille, Duhesme initiated the Siege of Gerona. This unsuccessful operation lasted from 24 July to 16 August before Duhesme retreated to Barcelona and Reille withdrew to Figueres. News of the French disaster at the Battle of Bailen on 22 July 1808 buoyed Spanish morale and depressed the Imperial troops. Duhesme's troops had to fight their way back through the hills and abandon their field artillery in order to make it back to Barcelona, where they arrived on 20 August.
Meanwhile, Marquis del Palacio's division of regular Spanish troops arrived from the Balearic Islands. Supported by thousands of miquelets (Catalan militia) the Spaniards blockaded Barcelona at the beginning of August. On 31 July, they captured the castle of Mougat and its garrison of 150 Neapolitans with the help of Captain Thomas Cochrane and a British frigate. Though Duhesme's 10,000 surviving troops were in a tight spot, Del Palacio did not press them very hard. The French commander was able to send strong columns through the loose blockade in order to gather food and other supplies. On 12 October, an Italian column was roughly handled at Sant Cugat del Vallès with 300 casualties and the expeditions stopped. Because Del Palacio remained almost inert during his tenure of command, the Catalan Junta replaced him as Captain General with Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu on 28 October. This veteran of the War of the Pyrenees had capably led the Spanish right wing at the Battle of the Black Mountain in 1794 and covered the retreat at the Battle of Boulou. Vives skirmished with the French outpost line on 8 November, but then went into hibernation until reinforcements arrived under General Theodor von Reding. On 26 November, Vives pushed the French within the walls of Barcelona, inflicting about 100 casualties.
According to a 5 November report, the Army of Catalonia under Vives had 20,033 soldiers available in five divisions and a small reserve. Brigadier General Mariano Álvarez de Castro led 5,600 soldiers of the Vanguard Division. The Vanguard included 100 cavalry in the volunteer San Narciso Hussars, the regular foot regiments of Ultonia Irish (300), Borbon (500), 2nd Barcelona (1,000), and 1st Wimpfen Swiss (400), and the volunteer tercios 1st Gerona (900), 2nd Gerona (400), Igualada (400), Cervera (400), 1st Tarragona (800), and Figueras (400). General Conde de Caldagues commanded the 4,998-strong 1st Division which consisted of six artillery pieces manned by 70 gunners, 50 sappers, the cavalry regiments Españoles Hussars (220) and Catalonia Cazadores (180), the regular infantry regiments the 2nd Walloon Guards (314), Soria (780), Borbon (151), 2nd Savoia (1,734), and 2nd Swiss (270), and the volunteer tercios Tortosa (984) and elements of Igualada and Cervera (245). General Laguna led the 2,360-man 2nd Division with seven guns manned by 84 artillerists, 30 sappers, Españoles Hussars (200), two battalions each of provincial grenadier militia of Old Castile (972) and New Castile (924), and the Zaragoza Volunteers (150).
General La Serna's 2,458-man 3rd Division comprised the regular two-battalion Granada Regiment (961), and the volunteer units 2nd Tarragona Tercio, Arzu division (325), and Sueltas companies (250). General Francisco Milans del Bosch led the 4th Division which was made up of 3,710 volunteer soldiers in the following tercios, 1st Lerida (872), Vich (976), Manresa (937), and Vallès (925). The 907-strong Reserve included four guns manned by 50 artillerymen, 20 sappers, 80 Españoles Hussars, a 60-man detachment from the Spanish Guards, the detached grenadiers from the Soria (188) and Wimpfen (169) Regiments, and the General's bodyguard (340). Two divisions of Granadan reinforcements under Reding were just arriving or on the way. The 1st Division numbered 8,200 men and included one battalion of the 2nd Reding Swiss Regiment (1,000) and two 1,200-man battalions each of the 1st Granada, Baza, and Almeria Regiments. The 6,000-man 2nd Division consisted of 1,200-man battalions. These were the one-battalion Antequera and the two-battalion Santa Fé and Loxa Regiments. The Granada Hussars with 670 sabers and six artillery pieces worked by 130 gunners accompanied Reding's force. In addition, the 3rd Division of the Army of Aragon under General Palafox was instructed to reinforce Vives on 10 November. The division numbered 4,688 soldiers and comprised 64 gunners, one troop of the Ferdinand VII Cazadores Cavalry (22), and the volunteer infantry battalions 1st Zaragoza (638), 3rd Zaragoza (593), Ferdinand VII (648), Daroca (503), La Reunion (1,286), and General Reserve (934).
Saint-Cyr takes command
After the failures of the summer, Napoleon appointed General of Division Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr to replace Duhesme on 17 August 1808. A week earlier, the emperor had ordered two crack divisions to reinforce the VII Corps from the garrison of Italy. General of Division Joseph Souham led 10 veteran French battalions while General of Division Domenico Pino commanded the best Italian units. On the other hand, Reille's division had been formed of 8,000 soldiers of indifferent quality. His rag-tag force included French National Guards, drafted gendarmes, French reserves and provisional units, one Swiss battalion, and the French 113th Line Infantry Regiment, plus cavalry and artillery. The so-called French 113th was actually made up of Italians from the recently annexed Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
For many years, Saint-Cyr served France with distinction and had "first-rate ability" according to historian Charles Oman. His soldiers recognized his talents and had confidence in him but he was too aloof to be loved by them. He was also very self-centered and quick to leave his fellow generals to their own devices. Saint-Cyr's dislike of Napoleon had held him back from earlier promotion. Though he later wrote darkly that the emperor wanted him to fail, Napoleon made him a Marshal of France in 1812. Saint-Cyr's reinforcements did not begin to assemble in southern France until mid-September and lack of wagons caused further delay. On 5 November Saint-Cyr's corps finally crossed the Pyrenees near the Fort de Bellegarde.
At this time, Saint-Cyr's VII Corps consisted of six infantry divisions, three cavalry brigades, and attached artillery. A roster from 10 October listed a total of 42,382 soldiers, but 1,302 were on detached duty and another 4,948 were wounded or sick. Of these, Chabran's 1st and Lechi's 2nd Divisions plus the cavalry brigades of Bessières and Schwarz were bottled up in Barcelona with Duhesme. Reille's 3rd Division had one battalion each of the 32nd Light, 16th Line, and 56th Line Infantry Regiments, one battalion each of the 5th Reserve Legion, the Chasseurs des Montagnes, and the Swiss Valais, two battalions of the 113th Line, and four battalions of the Perpignan Provisional Regiment. Souham's 4th Division was made up of three battalions each of the 1st Light and 42nd Line Infantry Regiments, two battalions of the 7th Line, and one battalion each of the 3rd Light and 67th Line.
Pino's 5th Division comprised three battalions each of the Italian 1st Light, 2nd Light, and 6th Line Infantry Regiments, two battalions of the 4th Line, and one battalion each of the 5th and 7th Line. General of Division Louis François Jean Chabot's 6th Division included only two battalions of the 2nd Neapolitan Line Infantry Regiment and one battalion of the Chasseurs of the Eastern Pyrenees. General of Brigade Jacques Fontane's cavalry brigade consisted of the Royal and 7th Italian Chasseurs à Cheval. The corps included the French 24th Dragoon Regiment which was unbrigaded. Of the divisions in Saint-Cyr's field army, Reille counted 4,612 men, Souham 7,712, Pino 8,368, and Chabot 1,988. The three cavalry regiments numbered 1,700 troopers while the gun crews had about 500 artillerists.
Upon taking his new command, Saint-Cyr received his orders in person from Napoleon. The emperor instructed him that the relief of Barcelona was the prime objective but allowed him discretion in how to carry out the assignment. According to the latest information from Duhesme, Barcelona could be expected to hold out until the end of December before running out of food. Saint-Cyr decided that he must first reduce the port of Roses (Rosas) before marching to Duhesme's relief. The Siege of Roses consumed another month, lasting from 7 November to 5 December 1808. The successful operation cost the Imperial French forces about 1,000 killed, wounded, or died of disease.
With Roses out of the way, Saint-Cyr was free to direct his energies to the relief of Barcelona. After assigning Reille to hold Figueras and Roses and to protect the roads from France, Saint-Cyr had about 1,500 horsemen and 15,000 foot soldiers in three divisions of 26 total battalions. Girona (Gerona) stood squarely in the path that the French army would have to take. The French general knew that besieging Girona was out of the question; in the time it would take to capture the place, Barcelona would be starved out. Once past Girona, there were two available roads. Knowing that the coast road via Mataró was obstructed and could easily be placed under the guns of the British Royal Navy, Saint-Cyr chose to use the inland road. In order for his plan to work, the Imperial general hoped to keep Vives guessing as to his true intentions and to defeat his opponent in detail.
Battle
French offensive
On 9 November 1808, Saint-Cyr massed his field army on the north bank of the Ter River opposite Girona. The following day, the French general advanced on the city as if to invest it. He wished to tempt Álvarez and Lazán into offering battle, but the two Spanish generals declined to be drawn out, seeing that their 8,000 men would be crushed. On the 11th, Saint-Cyr sent his artillery and wagon train back to Figueras and marched to La Bisbal d'Empordà where his quartermasters handed out four days of rations to each soldier. Each soldier carried 50 cartridges of ammunition and mule train carried another 10 rounds per man. The French general was taking an enormous risk. If the army remained too long in the mountains it would starve and if it were forced to fight several battles it would be out of ammunition. On 12 November, the Franco-Italians passed near Palamós and fought their way through a force of miquelets (Catalan militia) under Juan Clarós.
On 13 November, Saint-Cyr's host stumbled into Vidreres which was near the coast road that led to Malgrat de Mar, Mataró, and Barcelona. That evening the Imperial soldiers saw the campfires of Lazán to the north and other enemy campfires to the south. But Saint-Cyr knew of a secret path from a Perpignan smuggler; the route connected the coast road with the inland road. Several search parties that were sent out to find the path during the 14th failed to locate it, so Saint-Cyr personally set out with a small escort to find it. In this he was successful, though the group was nearly captured by guerillas and had to fight its way clear. On the 15th the entire Franco-Italian army snaked through the hills, bypassing the small fortress of Hostalric and reaching the inland road at Sant Celoni. At the latter place the Imperial troops scattered a force of miquelets under Milans. Though his men were tired, Saint-Cyr hustled his soldiers along the highway until they reached the dangerous Trentapassos defile which was found to be unoccupied. That evening the Franco-Italians could see a line of campfires ahead of them, indicating the presence of the Spanish army.
The report of Saint-Cyr's march into the hills on 11 November reached the Spanish camp promptly. Vives responded by sending Reding and seven battalions of his leading echelon, a total of 5,000 men, to watch the inland road. Milans with 3,000 volunteers was ordered to block the coast road. Though Caldagues begged him to send every available man to stop the Imperial army, Vives held back at least 16,000 troops to maintain the blockade of Barcelona. Finding the coast road clear, Milans moved to Sant Celoni where his men were defeated. The news of this action on 15 November finally prompted Vives to take an additional 4,000 men and march through the night to reinforce Reding at dawn on 16 November 1808. Caldagues and the remaining 12,000 troops kept up the blockade of Duhesme's troops. Consequently, Saint-Cyr's 16,500 troops only faced 9,000 Spaniards under Vives. Milans and 3,000 more were to the east, recovering from their repulse, while Lazán and 6,000 more were somewhere to the north. According to Gaston Bodart, the Franco-Italians counted 13,500 infantry and 1,500 cavalry while Vives' Spanish force numbered 8,400 infantry and 600 cavalry. Digby Smith added that Vives had 7 guns while Saint-Cyr had 30 guns.
Action
The battlefield is located between Llinars del Vallès to the east and Cardedeu to the west. The Mogent River, a tributary of the Besòs runs from the northeast to the southwest through the area and south of the Autopista AP-7. Several streams run into the Mogent from the north. Vives reached the position in the morning and consequently had no time to make a defensive plan. Instead, he deployed his first line behind the Riera de la Roca stream and his second line behind it, farther uphill. Reding's Granadan division held the right wing as far south as the Mogent, while Vives defended the center and left wing with his Catalan troops. There were three guns on a hill overlooking the main road in the center, two more artillery pieces on the left, and two guns with the reserve. The miquelets of Vich held the far left flank. Two battalions and two squadrons of the Españoles Hussars were in reserve. The area was dotted with pine and oak groves amid plowed fields, making it hard for both sides to discern enemy movements.
Saint-Cyr knew that time was of the essence. The last rations had been eaten, ammunition was running low, and every minute of delay allowed Lazán to close in on his rear. Instructing Chabot to hold the Trentapassos defile with three battalions, the French commander determined to smash through Vives' lines with the remaining 23 battalions. Pino's Italian division was in front, followed by Souham's French division. Saint-Cyr ordered Pino to keep his battalions in column formation and crash through the enemy lines by sheer impetus. Pino was forbidden to deploy a single battalion, not even to take prisoners.
As Pino's narrow column advanced to pierce the Spanish right-center, it began to come under galling fire from the flanks. Ignoring his orders, Pino panicked and sent Fontane with one battalion each of the 2nd Light and 7th Line to the right. He directed General of Brigade Luigi Mazzucchelli to the left with the remaining two battalions of the 2nd Light and three battalions of the 4th Line. The attack broke the Spanish first line but came to a stand before the second line, halfway up the hillside. Reding ordered the Españoles Hussars to charge and sent his whole line forward. Mazzucchelli's Italians faltered and were chased back to their starting point.
At this moment Saint-Cyr arrived at the front to witness the collapse of the first attack. The French commander immediately directed Souham's 10 battalions to angle to their left and assault Reding's right flank. He also sent Pino's second brigade, the three battalions each of the 1st Light and 6th Line, to rush the Spanish center. Fontane continued to distract the enemy's left flank with his two battalions. Souham's heavy column plowed into and ruptured Reding's line. Meanwhile, Pino's second brigade pressed back the Spanish center. With the Spanish position unraveling, Saint-Cyr ordered the Italian light cavalry under Carlo Balabio to charge up the main highway. As the horsemen galloped up the hill, the entire Spanish force bolted to the rear.
The Imperial troops inflicted losses of 1,000 killed and wounded on their enemies. In addition, they scooped up 1,500 Spanish prisoners and captured five artillery pieces and two colors. Saint-Cyr reported losses of 600, mostly in Pino's Italian units. Reding was nearly captured while trying to rally his men. Vives abandoned his horse while escaping up a cliff. He reached the coast and was taken off to Tarragona in . Milans arrived on the scene after the battle was finished. Lazán never got as far as Sant Celoni, nor did he come into contact with Chabot's small division. After hearing the bad news, Lazán marched his command back to Girona.
Result
On the 16th Caldagues repelled an attempt by Duhesme to break out. But when he found out that night that Vives had been routed, he abandoned the blockade and fell back behind the Llobregat River. The Spanish army left behind large stocks of food at Sarrià. On 17 November 1808, Saint-Cyr's victorious troops marched into Barcelona. He later claimed that Duhesme did not offer a word of thanks and even insisted that Barcelona could have held out for six more weeks. At this Saint-Cyr coldly produced a copy of one of Duhesme's messages pleading for immediate help. The campaign, however, was not over. On 21 December Saint-Cyr's army faced Vives, Reding, and Caldagues at the Battle of Molins de Rey.
Aftermath
The Corunna campaign proceeded with the Battle of Molins de Rei.
See also
Timeline of the Peninsular War
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Battles of the Peninsular War
Battles in Catalonia
Battles of the Napoleonic Wars
Battles involving Spain
Battles involving France
Battles involving the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
Conflicts in 1808
1808 in Spain
December 1808 events |
Hakadal is a village in the northern part of Nittedal municipality in Akershus, Norway.
The village and parish is the site of Hakadal Church (Hakadal Kirke). Hakadal Church dates to around 1610 and was originally constructed in a rectangular shape of timber. The church was restored in 1684, 1732, 1849 and 1890. In 1732, church was extended to the west. In 1849, the church's expansions included the addition of a church tower. The church has two church bells; one dating to 1839. The altarpiece was carved by Johan Jørgen Schramn in 1732.
The parish was also the site of the Hakadals verk iron works which dated from around 1550. Ore originally came from mines in Hakadal and Gjerdrum. After these sources were exhausted in the early 1800s, ore from Bærum and Dikemark. There was also ore from Nes Jernverk. The ironworks was shut down in 1869.
Hakadal Station (Hakadal stasjon) is located on the Gjøvik Line (Gjøvikbanen). The station was opened in 1900 prior to the opening of the Gjøvik Line in 1902. In 1971, the station became fully automatized and remote controlled.
See also
Varingskollen
References
External links
Hakadal Kirke (Nittedalsporten)
Hakadal verk (Nittedalsporten)
Nittedal
Villages in Akershus |
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The Five Find-Outers and Dog, also known as The Five Find-Outers, is a series of children's mystery books written by Enid Blyton. The first was published in 1943 and the last in 1961. Set in the fictitious village of Peterswood based on Bourne End, close to Marlow, Buckinghamshire, the children Fatty (Frederick Trotteville), who is the leader of the team, Larry (Laurence Daykin), Pip (Philip Hilton), Daisy (Margaret Daykin), Bets (Elizabeth Hilton) and Buster, Fatty's dog, encounter a mystery almost every school holiday, always solving the puzzle before Mr Goon, the unpleasant village policeman, much to his annoyance.
Characters
The Five Find-Outers and Dog
Frederick Algernon "Fatty" Trotteville – the leader of the Five Find-Outers from the third book on, when he justifies his leadership by demonstrating how to use invisible ink and how to escape from a locked room. He is given the nickname Fatty by the other children because of his initials, Frederick Algernon Trotteville, F.A.T. and his stout build. Being an only child, he receives generous amounts of pocket money from his parents and wealthy relatives, but Fatty is always willing to share his money with the group, often buying rounds of cakes, drinks and ice-creams. Fatty also uses his pocket money to finance his interest in disguises and stores a large collection of clothes, wigs, greasepaint, cheek-pads, false teeth and other items in his shed at the bottom of the garden. Although boastful by nature, he learns to be more modest as his bragging causes the other children to become irritated. Fatty is a skilled orator and poet, and able to create poetry ad-lib. He is apparently top of his form at his boarding school and his ambition when he grows up is to become a detective. Fatty develops an interest in ventriloquism as the series progresses. Bets in particular adores Fatty and is very loyal to him. He is 12 at the start of the series and turns 13 just after Christmas.
Laurence "Larry" Daykin – the eldest of the five and the original leader of the Five Find-Outers, passing the role to Fatty at the beginning of the third book. Larry is sometimes annoyed by Fatty's boasting. He is Daisy's older brother. He is the first character to be introduced in the series, but is developed considerably less than the other main characters as the series continues. As the oldest of the Five Find Outers, in the first story he is 13 years old. His birthday falls between Christmas and Easter.
Margaret "Daisy" Daykin – Larry's younger sister. Creating the Five Find-Outers was Daisy's idea. She is particularly good at thinking of plans and ideas. She is younger than Larry by a year and the same age as Pip and Fatty, who are 12 as the series begins.
Philip "Pip" Hilton – The same age as Daisy and a few years older than Bets, his younger sister whom he frequently teases. In contrast to Fatty's rather relaxed parents, Mr and Mrs Hilton are quite strict and often take a dim view of Pip and Bets's sleuthing activities, wishing that Pip especially would direct the same amount of energy into his schoolwork. In The Mystery of the Hidden House the Hiltons forbid Pip and Bets from getting involved in mysteries, but the children still find themselves in one. He is 12 at the beginning of the series, nearly 4 years older than his little sister. In later stories we learn that Pip's birthday falls early in January, while Bets' falls during the Autumn term.
Elizabeth "Bets" Hilton – Pip's younger sister adores and hero-worships Fatty and he is very fond of her in return. Though the youngest, the kind-hearted Bets proves herself to be a worthy member. She is keenly observant, providing crucial ideas that help Fatty in solving some of the baffling mysteries - as in the 'Mystery of the Pantomime Cat' when she provides the breakthrough idea, to which Fatty exclaims: "Bets! Good, clever, brainy old Bets. She's got it! She's solved it! Bets, you deserve to be head of the Find-Outers! Oh my word, Bets, why, why, why didn't I think of it before?". She also thought of the name 'Five Find-Outers and Dog'. She is by far the youngest of the five, beginning the series at just 8 years of age, but is then the first to have a birthday- in the Autumn term between the 2nd and 3rd books of the series.
Buster – Fatty's jet-black Scottish Terrier. He thinks the world of Fatty and his favourite pastime is to nip at Mr Goon's ankles. His favourite food is biscuits, spread with potted meat. Originally Larry, Pip, and Daisy only let Fatty join the detective club because of Buster.
Police Force
Theophilus Goon, the village policeman and Ern's uncle, who is outwitted by the five children in every single story. Mr Goon would dearly love promotion, but considers the children to be hindering him rather than helping. To chase them away he often tells them to "Clear Orf" (clear off). Consequently, the children have given him the nickname "Clear-Orf". Whenever he is upset or frustrated, Mr Goon constantly yells, "Gah!" causing much amusement among the children. In the second book, The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat, and for a long time after that, the children are known to arrange false clues for Mr Goon to mislead him so that they can solve the mystery first without having to put up with him interfering their investigations.
Inspector Jenks, also known as Chief Inspector and Superintendent – the head of the local police department. Because the Five are resented by Mr Goon, the children always telephone or meet the Inspector when they have solved a mystery. Over the course of the books he becomes a great friend of the children. Jenks is based on a real character from Blyton's home town who was promoted through the ranks of the police just as was his fictional counterpart. He becomes acquainted with the Five Find-Outers quite by chance in the first book of the series, The Mystery of the Burnt Cottage, while fishing. He admires the children, especially Fatty, much to the dismay of Mr. Goon, and clearly hints that he would like Fatty to become a policeman when he is grown up. He is also very fond of Bets who in turn looks forward to meeting him.
P.C. Pippin – During The Mystery of the Pantomime Cat, P.C. Pippin takes over for a short time while Goon goes on a holiday and secretly helps the children to solve the mystery. Much to the delight of the children, P.C. Pippin is a nice man and dislikes Mr Goon extremely, who in turn hates him.
P.C. Kenton During the mystery of the Strange Bundle, P.C.Kenton is mentioned a few times and helps Mr.Goon to find an imaginary pig, dog and a man who wanted his auntie.
P.C. Tonks Appears at the beginning of The Mystery of the Invisible Thief while Goon is on a refresher course. He clearly states to Fatty that nothing could possibly take place in a quiet town like Peterswood.
P.C Johns Appears in The Mystery of Tally Ho Cottage where he and Goon catch Fatty spying on Tally Ho Cottage in the middle of the night while also watching the house themselves. They are found in the morning by Ern locked in the boiler room.
Minor characters
Ernest "Ern" Goon – Mr Goon's nephew. Ern is introduced in the book The Mystery of the Hidden House. Ern is a great lover of poetry, or "portry" as he calls it, though he never finished any poem (or 'pome' as he calls it) but Fatty can always finish it for him. That is one of the reasons that he is a great admirer of Fatty. Ern might be considered to be an unofficial seventh member of the group, although class distinctions are maintained, e.g. Ern is not permitted to eat dinner with the children but instead eats in the kitchen with the Cook. He is also seen in "The Mystery of the Vanished Prince", "The Mystery of Tally-Ho Cottage", "The Mystery of the Strange Messages" and "The Mystery of the Banshee Towers".
Miss Trimble – Lady Candling's companion. The children call her Miss Tremble, because she is scared of everything. Her glasses often fall off and Bets loves to count how often this happens, much to Miss Trimble's annoyance. First appearing in The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat, she reappears in The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters, when the children question her about the regular passengers on the 10:15 Monday bus to Sheepsale. In The Mystery of the Hidden House, the children (save for Fatty) see her at the railway station but that is the last time she is mentioned.
Miss Harmer – The person who takes care of the cats belonging to Lady Candling in The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat. She is very upset after the most valuable cat Dark Queen is stolen twice, both times she was away for the day. When the children are smelling the cat cage she asks them to leave because she feels unsafe about the cats since the second time Dark Queen is stolen. When the children need her key to the cage they play a trick on her so she leaves her coat out of sight and Pip takes the key out of her coat pocket.
Gladys – Pip and Bets' maid in The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters. When she receives a spiteful, anonymous letter, she flees the house to live with her aunt. When the children track her down, she admits that she used to be a thief but is trying to forget her old life. At the end of the book, Mrs Hilton announces that Gladys is coming back. She is mentioned a few times in The Mystery of the Missing Necklace. It is unknown what happened to her, as by the beginning of The Mystery of the Hidden House, the Hiltons have a new maid, Lorna.
Mr and Mrs Hilton – The parents of Pip and Bets, they are very strict and particular. In The Mystery of the Burnt Cottage, Mr Goon gets the Find-Outers into trouble by complaining to Mrs Hilton. Mrs Hilton is especially described as being "very strict about nice manners." He again complains to the Hiltons when the Find Outers send him a rude message written in secret ink in The Mystery of the Secret Room. Goon persuades the Hiltons not to tell the Find Outers anything about the anonymous letters in The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters. In The Mystery of the Hidden House, Mr and Mrs Hilton forbid Pip and Bets to get mixed up in any mysteries, due to a talk with Mr. Goon. However, despite their shortcomings, the Find Outers look up to and admire the Hiltons.
Sid and Perce Goon – (short for Sidney and Percy) Ern's younger twin brothers. They appeared in The Mystery of the Vanished Prince when they went camping with Ern. Sid has an obsession for eating toffee but he soon switches to chewing gum later in the series (according to Ern). Ern also refers to them later about a modelling clay incident (when Sid mistakenly chews Perce's modelling clay as he thought it was chewing gum).
Mrs Moon – Cook at the Hiltons during The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters.
Hilary – God-daughter of Inspector Jenks, her home (Norton House) is burgled during The Mystery of the Invisible Thief.
Luke – The gardener's help next door to Pip and Bets in The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat. Luke develops a close bond with the children, which is strained when he is the prime suspect both times the cat goes missing. It is revealed at the end of the book that Luke was set up to hide the real culprit. It is hinted that his friendship with the children will continue, although he has never appeared or even been mentioned since.
Mrs. Trotteville – She is Fatty's mother and Fatty simply adores her. She is very lenient with him. Unlike the Hiltons she does not take Mr. Goon seriously and even considers him a nuisance. It is made out in the books that she enjoys going out with her husband for bridge parties. Though she does not like the children falling into adventure as she considers it dangerous, she does not interfere much and gives Fatty a lot of freedom and trust.
The Postman – Appeared in several stories. The five always get some help from him.
Liz and Glad – (Elizabeth Woosh and Gladys Woosh). Ern Goon's cousins who appear in The Mystery Of Tally-Ho Cottage. They helped Ern spy on the Larkins.
Bingo – (Ern's dog). Ern Goon's new dog Bingo makes an appearance in the last book, The Mystery of the Banshee Towers. Bingo is described as having a huge tail that "waves instead of wag" but small legs to match it. Like Fatty and Buster, Ern and Bingo simply adore each other a lot.
Timeline
At the beginning of the series Larry is 13; Fatty, Pip, and Daisy are 12; while Bets is 8. Bets goes to day school, whereas all the others go to boarding school, which Bets really does not like because the others are friends at school and she only sees them at the holidays. The series takes place in successive school holidays, beginning with the Easter holidays and cycling through the summer and Christmas holidays. During each holiday the children solve a mystery – until The Mystery of the Invisible Thief (summer holidays), after which there is a break until the next summer holidays in which they solve "The Mystery of the Vanished Prince"
At the end of the series, Bets is 13; Fatty, Daisy, and Pip are 17; and Larry is 18
Novels
The 15 books in the series are:
The Mystery of the Burnt Cottage (1943)
The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat (1944)
The Mystery of the Secret Room (1945)
The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters (1946)
The Mystery of the Missing Necklace (1947)
The Mystery of the Hidden House (1948)
The Mystery of the Pantomime Cat (1949)
The Mystery of the Invisible Thief (1950)
The Mystery of the Vanished Prince (1951)
The Mystery of the Strange Bundle (1952)
The Mystery of Holly Lane (1953)
The Mystery of Tally-Ho Cottage (1954)
The Mystery of the Missing Man (1956)
The Mystery of the Strange Messages (1957)
The Mystery of Banshee Towers (1961)
References
External links
Mystery Series (Five Find-Outers) Book Reviews and Articles
Book series introduced in 1943
Fictional amateur detectives
Enid Blyton series
Series of children's books
Novel series
Children's mystery novels |
Clogau Quarry (also known as the Berwyn Slate Quarry) is a quarry which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest located in Denbighshire, Wales. It supports the Llangollen canal, along with the Oernant Quarry. The quarry is used for hearths, worktops, tombstones and billiard tables.
Description
Clogau Quarry is located on the east side of Moel y Gamelin (also known as the Maesyrychen Mountain). It's situated 1360 feet above sea level.
History
The Clogau Quarry was first established in 1690, making it one of the oldest quarries in Wales. It is believed that the Quarry was never used until the 19th century.
References
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Clwyd
Quarries in Wales
Denbighshire
1690 establishments in the British Empire |
(June 24, 1661 – December 16, 1730) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period, who ruled the Tokushima Domain. His court title was Awaji no kami.
Family
Father: Hachisuka Takanori (1642-1695)
Mother: Oshichi no Kata
Wives:
Enhime
Kahime
Concubines:
Yokoyama-dono
Fukura-dono
Commoner
Children:
Hachisuka Yoshitake (1692-1725) by Enhime
Hachisuka Munekazu by Kahime
Kotaro by Yokoyama-dono
Hachisuka Takahiro (1694-1756) by Yokoyama-dono
Ishimaru by Yokoyama-dono
daughter by Fukura-dono
Donosuke by Commoner
Renkoin married Ii Naonobu by Commoner
Hachigoro by Commoner
Gengo by Commoner
daughter married Ogasawara Tadasada by Commoner
daughter married Okubo Tadaoki by Commoner
daughter married Ando Nobutada by Commoner
References
1661 births
1730 deaths
Daimyo
Hachisuka clan |
Opan Vladamirovich Sat, Cengizhan Erdogan (Turkish name) (; ; born 13 June 1987) is a Russian and Turkish freestyle wrestler who won the gold medals at the 2010, 2011 and 2013 FILA Wrestling European Championships. He first won the title in 2010 and repeated his success in 2011 and 2013. Also, he represented Turkey at the 2017 World Wrestling Championships and finished 5th.
In the 2013 European Wrestling Championships he won the title by defeating Vladimir Dubov of Bulgaria 1–0, 2–1, in two straight periods and thus won his third title. He is International Master of Sports in freestyle wrestling.
References
1987 births
Living people
Russian male sport wrestlers |
```java
package com.zheng.cms.dao.mapper;
import com.zheng.cms.dao.model.CmsTopic;
import com.zheng.cms.dao.model.CmsTopicExample;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface CmsTopicMapper {
long countByExample(CmsTopicExample example);
int deleteByExample(CmsTopicExample example);
int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer topicId);
int insert(CmsTopic record);
int insertSelective(CmsTopic record);
List<CmsTopic> selectByExample(CmsTopicExample example);
CmsTopic selectByPrimaryKey(Integer topicId);
int updateByExampleSelective(@Param("record") CmsTopic record, @Param("example") CmsTopicExample example);
int updateByExample(@Param("record") CmsTopic record, @Param("example") CmsTopicExample example);
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(CmsTopic record);
int updateByPrimaryKey(CmsTopic record);
}
``` |
Shunfengshan Park (), located at the foot of Taiping Mountain in Shunde District, Foshan City, is one of the "Ten Attractions of Shunde". It was built between 1999 and 2002, and was opened to public on October 24, 2004.
Notable places
The paifang inside is the symbol of the park. It's called China's No.1 Paifang because of its massive size. The paifang is 37.6 meters high and 88 meters wide, decorated with engravings of dragons, lions, birds and gods.
References
Buildings and structures in Foshan
Tourist attractions in Guangdong
Shunde District
Parks in Guangdong |
```java
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.thingsboard.server.common.data.id;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.EntityType;
import java.util.UUID;
public class RuleNodeId extends UUIDBased implements EntityId {
@JsonCreator
public RuleNodeId(@JsonProperty("id") UUID id) {
super(id);
}
@Schema(requiredMode = Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED, description = "string", example = "RULE_NODE", allowableValues = "RULE_NODE")
@Override
public EntityType getEntityType() {
return EntityType.RULE_NODE;
}
}
``` |
Mr. Kane, Pt. 2 is the fourth studio album by American rapper Kokane. It was released in 2004 on Ruthless Records. The record featured guest appearances from WC, Kurupt, Bad Azz, Roscoe, Suga Free, KM.G, Gangsta, Down, and Caviar.
Track listing
Note
Track 9 contains elements from traditional folk song "This Old Man"
Personnel
Jerry B. Long, Jr. – main artist
Down a.k.a. Kilo – featured artist (track 2)
Jamarr Antonio Stamps – featured artist (track 4)
David Brown – featured artist (tracks: 9, 12)
William Loshawn Calhoun, Jr. – featured artist (tracks: 11, 13)
Ricardo Brown – featured artist (track 12)
T. Anderson – featured artist (track 13)
Dejuan Walker – featured artist (track 14)
Kannon Cross – featured artist (tracks: 14-15)
Kevin Michael Gulley – featured artist (track 15)
References
2004 albums
Kokane albums |
The Indonesia men's national volleyball team represents Indonesia in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches.
Competition history
Asian Championship
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Asian Games
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Asian Cup
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Asian Challenge Cup
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Southeast Asian Games
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
SEA V.League
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Results and fixtures
2023
2023 SEA Games
2023 Asian Challenge Cup
2023 SEA V.League
2023 Asian Championship
2022 Asian Games
Current roster
The following is Indonesia's roster in the 2022 Asian Games.
See also
Indonesia women's national volleyball team
References
External links
https://asianvolleyball.net/new/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ASM-2019-DailyBulletin-01_R2.pdf
https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball/rankings/seniorworldrankingmen
National sports teams of Indonesia
National men's volleyball teams
Volleyball in Indonesia
Men's sport in Indonesia |
```python
"""
Test script that attempts to set its own runtime_env, but we should ensure
we ended up using job submission API call's runtime_env instead of scripts
"""
def run():
import os
import ray
ray.init(
runtime_env={
"env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "SHOULD_BE_OVERRIDEN"}
},
)
@ray.remote
def foo():
return "bar"
ray.get(foo.remote())
print(os.environ.get("TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR", None))
if __name__ == "__main__":
run()
``` |
```python
"""A library of helper functions for the CherryPy test suite."""
import datetime
import io
import logging
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import unittest
import warnings
import contextlib
import portend
import pytest
from cheroot.test import webtest
import cherrypy
from cherrypy._cpcompat import text_or_bytes, HTTPSConnection, ntob
from cherrypy.lib import httputil
from cherrypy.lib import gctools
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
thisdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
serverpem = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), thisdir, 'test.pem')
class Supervisor(object):
"""Base class for modeling and controlling servers during testing."""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""Initialize a supervisor."""
for k, v in kwargs.items():
if k == 'port':
setattr(self, k, int(v))
setattr(self, k, v)
def log_to_stderr(msg, level):
"""Log to Standard Error."""
return sys.stderr.write(msg + os.linesep)
class LocalSupervisor(Supervisor):
"""Base for modeling/controlling servers which run in the same process.
When the server side runs in a different process, start/stop can
dump all state between each test module easily. When the server side
runs in the same process as the client, however, we have to do a bit
more work to ensure config and mounted apps are reset between tests.
"""
using_apache = False
using_wsgi = False
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""Initialize the local supervisor."""
for k, v in kwargs.items():
setattr(self, k, v)
cherrypy.server.httpserver = self.httpserver_class
# This is perhaps the wrong place for this call but this is the only
# place that i've found so far that I KNOW is early enough to set this.
cherrypy.config.update({'log.screen': False})
engine = cherrypy.engine
if hasattr(engine, 'signal_handler'):
engine.signal_handler.subscribe()
if hasattr(engine, 'console_control_handler'):
engine.console_control_handler.subscribe()
def start(self, modulename=None):
"""Load and start the HTTP server."""
if modulename:
# Unhook httpserver so cherrypy.server.start() creates a new
# one (with config from setup_server, if declared).
cherrypy.server.httpserver = None
cherrypy.engine.start()
self.sync_apps()
def sync_apps(self):
"""Tell the server about any apps which the setup functions mounted."""
pass
def stop(self):
"""Stop the HTTP server."""
td = getattr(self, 'teardown', None)
if td:
td()
cherrypy.engine.exit()
for name, server in getattr(cherrypy, 'servers', {}).copy().items():
server.unsubscribe()
del cherrypy.servers[name]
class NativeServerSupervisor(LocalSupervisor):
"""Server supervisor for the builtin HTTP server."""
httpserver_class = 'cherrypy._cpnative_server.CPHTTPServer'
using_apache = False
using_wsgi = False
def __str__(self):
"""Render a :class:`NativeServerSupervisor` instance as a string."""
return 'Builtin HTTP Server on %s:%s' % (self.host, self.port)
class LocalWSGISupervisor(LocalSupervisor):
"""Server supervisor for the builtin WSGI server."""
httpserver_class = 'cherrypy._cpwsgi_server.CPWSGIServer'
using_apache = False
using_wsgi = True
def __str__(self):
"""Render a :class:`LocalWSGISupervisor` instance as a string."""
return 'Builtin WSGI Server on %s:%s' % (self.host, self.port)
def sync_apps(self):
"""Connect a new WSGI app into the origin server."""
cherrypy.server.httpserver.wsgi_app = self.get_app()
def get_app(self, app=None):
"""Obtain a new (decorated) WSGI app to hook into the origin server."""
if app is None:
app = cherrypy.tree
if self.validate:
try:
from wsgiref import validate
except ImportError:
warnings.warn(
'Error importing wsgiref. The validator will not run.')
else:
# wraps the app in the validator
app = validate.validator(app)
return app
def get_cpmodpy_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy ``mod_python`` supervisor."""
from cherrypy.test import modpy
sup = modpy.ModPythonSupervisor(**options)
sup.template = modpy.conf_cpmodpy
return sup
def get_modpygw_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy ``mod_python`` gateway supervisor."""
from cherrypy.test import modpy
sup = modpy.ModPythonSupervisor(**options)
sup.template = modpy.conf_modpython_gateway
sup.using_wsgi = True
return sup
def get_modwsgi_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy ``mod_wsgi`` supervisor."""
from cherrypy.test import modwsgi
return modwsgi.ModWSGISupervisor(**options)
def get_modfcgid_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy ``mod_fcgi`` supervisor."""
from cherrypy.test import modfcgid
return modfcgid.ModFCGISupervisor(**options)
def get_modfastcgi_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy ``mod_fastcgi`` supervisor."""
from cherrypy.test import modfastcgi
return modfastcgi.ModFCGISupervisor(**options)
def get_wsgi_u_supervisor(**options):
"""Load a CherryPy WSGI supervisor."""
cherrypy.server.wsgi_version = ('u', 0)
return LocalWSGISupervisor(**options)
class CPWebCase(webtest.WebCase):
"""CherryPy web test case base."""
script_name = ''
scheme = 'http'
available_servers = {'wsgi': LocalWSGISupervisor,
'wsgi_u': get_wsgi_u_supervisor,
'native': NativeServerSupervisor,
'cpmodpy': get_cpmodpy_supervisor,
'modpygw': get_modpygw_supervisor,
'modwsgi': get_modwsgi_supervisor,
'modfcgid': get_modfcgid_supervisor,
'modfastcgi': get_modfastcgi_supervisor,
}
default_server = 'wsgi'
@classmethod
def _setup_server(cls, supervisor, conf):
v = sys.version.split()[0]
log.info('Python version used to run this test script: %s' % v)
log.info('CherryPy version: %s' % cherrypy.__version__)
if supervisor.scheme == 'https':
ssl = ' (ssl)'
else:
ssl = ''
log.info('HTTP server version: %s%s' % (supervisor.protocol, ssl))
log.info('PID: %s' % os.getpid())
cherrypy.server.using_apache = supervisor.using_apache
cherrypy.server.using_wsgi = supervisor.using_wsgi
if sys.platform[:4] == 'java':
cherrypy.config.update({'server.nodelay': False})
if isinstance(conf, text_or_bytes):
parser = cherrypy.lib.reprconf.Parser()
conf = parser.dict_from_file(conf).get('global', {})
else:
conf = conf or {}
baseconf = conf.copy()
baseconf.update({'server.socket_host': supervisor.host,
'server.socket_port': supervisor.port,
'server.protocol_version': supervisor.protocol,
'environment': 'test_suite',
})
if supervisor.scheme == 'https':
# baseconf['server.ssl_module'] = 'builtin'
baseconf['server.ssl_certificate'] = serverpem
baseconf['server.ssl_private_key'] = serverpem
# helper must be imported lazily so the coverage tool
# can run against module-level statements within cherrypy.
# Also, we have to do "from cherrypy.test import helper",
# exactly like each test module does, because a relative import
# would stick a second instance of webtest in sys.modules,
# and we wouldn't be able to globally override the port anymore.
if supervisor.scheme == 'https':
webtest.WebCase.HTTP_CONN = HTTPSConnection
return baseconf
@classmethod
def setup_class(cls):
"""Invoke a test server."""
conf = {
'scheme': 'http',
'protocol': 'HTTP/1.1',
'port': 54583,
'host': '127.0.0.1',
'validate': False,
'server': 'wsgi',
}
supervisor_factory = cls.available_servers.get(
conf.get('server', 'wsgi'))
if supervisor_factory is None:
raise RuntimeError('Unknown server in config: %s' % conf['server'])
supervisor = supervisor_factory(**conf)
# Copied from "run_test_suite"
cherrypy.config.reset()
baseconf = cls._setup_server(supervisor, conf)
cherrypy.config.update(baseconf)
setup_client()
if hasattr(cls, 'setup_server'):
# Clear the cherrypy tree and clear the wsgi server so that
# it can be updated with the new root
cherrypy.tree = cherrypy._cptree.Tree()
cherrypy.server.httpserver = None
cls.setup_server()
# Add a resource for verifying there are no refleaks
# to *every* test class.
cherrypy.tree.mount(gctools.GCRoot(), '/gc')
cls.do_gc_test = True
supervisor.start(cls.__module__)
cls.supervisor = supervisor
@classmethod
def teardown_class(cls):
"""Tear down the test server."""
if hasattr(cls, 'setup_server'):
cls.supervisor.stop()
do_gc_test = False
def test_gc(self):
"""Perform the garbage collection testing."""
if not self.do_gc_test:
return
self.getPage('/gc/stats')
try:
self.assertBody('Statistics:')
except Exception:
'Failures occur intermittently. See #1420'
def prefix(self):
"""Get an HTTP handler prefix."""
return self.script_name.rstrip('/')
def base(self):
"""Construct the base server URL."""
if ((self.scheme == 'http' and self.PORT == 80) or
(self.scheme == 'https' and self.PORT == 443)):
port = ''
else:
port = ':%s' % self.PORT
return '%s://%s%s%s' % (self.scheme, self.HOST, port,
self.script_name.rstrip('/'))
def exit(self):
"""Terminate the program."""
sys.exit()
def getPage(self, url, *args, **kwargs):
"""Open the url."""
if self.script_name:
url = httputil.urljoin(self.script_name, url)
return webtest.WebCase.getPage(self, url, *args, **kwargs)
def skip(self, msg='skipped '):
"""Skip the currently running test."""
pytest.skip(msg)
def assertErrorPage(self, status, message=None, pattern=''):
"""Compare the response body with a built in error page.
The function will optionally look for the regexp pattern, within
the exception embedded in the error page.
"""
# This will never contain a traceback
page = cherrypy._cperror.get_error_page(status, message=message)
# First, test the response body without checking the traceback.
# Stick a match-all group (.*) in to grab the traceback.
def esc(text):
return re.escape(ntob(text))
epage = re.escape(page)
epage = epage.replace(
esc('<pre id="traceback"></pre>'),
esc('<pre id="traceback">') + b'(.*)' + esc('</pre>'))
m = re.match(epage, self.body, re.DOTALL)
if not m:
self._handlewebError(
'Error page does not match; expected:\n' + page)
return
# Now test the pattern against the traceback
if pattern is None:
# Special-case None to mean that there should be *no* traceback.
if m and m.group(1):
self._handlewebError('Error page contains traceback')
else:
if (m is None) or (
not re.search(ntob(re.escape(pattern), self.encoding),
m.group(1))):
msg = 'Error page does not contain %s in traceback'
self._handlewebError(msg % repr(pattern))
date_tolerance = 2
def assertEqualDates(self, dt1, dt2, seconds=None):
"""Assert abs(dt1 - dt2) is within Y seconds."""
if seconds is None:
seconds = self.date_tolerance
if dt1 > dt2:
diff = dt1 - dt2
else:
diff = dt2 - dt1
if not diff < datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds):
raise AssertionError('%r and %r are not within %r seconds.' %
(dt1, dt2, seconds))
def _test_method_sorter(_, x, y):
"""Monkeypatch the test sorter to always run test_gc last in each suite."""
if x == 'test_gc':
return 1
if y == 'test_gc':
return -1
if x > y:
return 1
if x < y:
return -1
return 0
unittest.TestLoader.sortTestMethodsUsing = _test_method_sorter
def setup_client():
"""Set up the WebCase classes to match the server's socket settings."""
webtest.WebCase.PORT = cherrypy.server.socket_port
webtest.WebCase.HOST = cherrypy.server.socket_host
if cherrypy.server.ssl_certificate:
CPWebCase.scheme = 'https'
# --------------------------- Spawning helpers --------------------------- #
class CPProcess(object):
"""CherryPy Process Spawning Helper."""
pid_file = os.path.join(thisdir, 'test.pid')
config_file = os.path.join(thisdir, 'test.conf')
config_template = """[global]
server.socket_host: '%(host)s'
server.socket_port: %(port)s
checker.on: False
log.screen: False
log.error_file: r'%(error_log)s'
log.access_file: r'%(access_log)s'
%(ssl)s
%(extra)s
"""
error_log = os.path.join(thisdir, 'test.error.log')
access_log = os.path.join(thisdir, 'test.access.log')
def __init__(self, wait=False, daemonize=False, ssl=False,
socket_host=None, socket_port=None):
"""Initialize a server process runner."""
self.wait = wait
self.daemonize = daemonize
self.ssl = ssl
self.host = socket_host or cherrypy.server.socket_host
self.port = socket_port or cherrypy.server.socket_port
def write_conf(self, extra=''):
"""Write the server config to disk."""
if self.ssl:
serverpem = os.path.join(thisdir, 'test.pem')
ssl = """
server.ssl_certificate: r'%s'
server.ssl_private_key: r'%s'
""" % (serverpem, serverpem)
else:
ssl = ''
conf = self.config_template % {
'host': self.host,
'port': self.port,
'error_log': self.error_log,
'access_log': self.access_log,
'ssl': ssl,
'extra': extra,
}
with io.open(self.config_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(str(conf))
def start(self, imports=None):
"""Start cherryd in a subprocess."""
portend.free(self.host, self.port, timeout=1)
args = [
'-m',
'cherrypy',
'-c', self.config_file,
'-p', self.pid_file,
]
r"""Command for running cherryd server with autoreload enabled.
Using
```
['-c',
"__requires__ = 'CherryPy'; \
import importlib.metadata, re, sys; \
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0]); \
sys.exit(\
importlib.metadata.distribution('cherrypy').entry_points[0])"]
```
doesn't work as it's impossible to reconstruct the `-c`'s contents.
Ref: path_to_url
"""
if not isinstance(imports, (list, tuple)):
imports = [imports]
for i in imports:
if i:
args.append('-i')
args.append(i)
if self.daemonize:
args.append('-d')
env = os.environ.copy()
# Make sure we import the cherrypy package in which this module is
# defined.
grandparentdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(thisdir, '..', '..'))
if env.get('PYTHONPATH', ''):
env['PYTHONPATH'] = os.pathsep.join(
(grandparentdir, env['PYTHONPATH']))
else:
env['PYTHONPATH'] = grandparentdir
self._proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable] + args, env=env)
if self.wait:
self.exit_code = self._proc.wait()
else:
portend.occupied(self.host, self.port, timeout=5)
# Give the engine a wee bit more time to finish STARTING
if self.daemonize:
time.sleep(2)
else:
time.sleep(1)
def get_pid(self):
"""Get the server process ID."""
if self.daemonize:
with open(self.pid_file, 'rb') as f:
return int(f.read())
return self._proc.pid
def join(self):
"""Wait for the process to exit."""
if self.daemonize:
return self._join_daemon()
self._proc.wait()
def _join_daemon(self):
with contextlib.suppress(IOError):
os.waitpid(self.get_pid(), 0)
``` |
Museo Nazionale di San Marco is an art museum housed in the monumental section of the medieval Dominican convent of San Marco dedicated to St Mark, situated on the present-day Piazza San Marco, in Florence, a region of Tuscany, Italy.
The museum, a masterpiece in its own right by the fifteenth-century architect Michelozzo, is a building of first historical importance for the city and contains the most extensive collection in the world of the works of Fra Angelico, who spent several years of his life there as a member of the Dominican community. The works are both paintings on wood and frescoes. The museum also contains other works by artists such as Fra Bartolomeo, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Alesso Baldovinetti, Jacopo Vignali, Bernardino Poccetti and Giovanni Antonio Sogliani.
San Marco is known as the seat of Girolamo Savonarola's discourses during his short spiritual rule in Florence in the late 15th century. Also housed at the convent is a famous collection of manuscripts in a library built by Michelozzo.
The building
The museum is situated in the oldest part of the monastery occupying about half the total space. The building has expanded over time, now taking up a whole block, and part of it is still occupied by friars today. The oldest section of the building, built over the medieval Sylvestrian monastery, was constructed by the architect Michelozzo at the specific request of Cosimo il Vecchio de' Medici and his expense, to house the reformed Dominicans of Fiesole, an order at that time led by Antonino Pierozzi. Over about ten years (1436-1446) Michelozzo completed an extremely modern and functional monasterial building project which contributed to the glorification of Medicean patronage. Michelozzo made use of the pre-existent wall structures of the Sylvestrian monastery complex which date back to the end of 13th century.
Michelozzo ably linked together the ground floor rooms around a harmoniously proportionated cloister and raised the levels of these buildings to create the dormitories on the first floor with a large number of cells to suit an expanding monastery.
Sant'Antonino Cloister
The cloister is behind the church and it introduces the visitor to the sight of the splendidly poised architecture of the monastery, a typical example of a measured and orderly Florentine Renaissance architecture.
The sight of Saint Dominic Adoring the Crucifixion, painted by Fra Angelico opposite the entrance is uplifting. Originally this was the only painted image decorating the white cloister. The appearance of the cloister was changed during the 17th century, when the monks of San Marco decided to celebrate the figure of St. Antonino by commissioning the most famous Florentine painters of the time to paint a cycle of lunettes depicting Scenes from the life of St. Antonino.
Pilgrims' Hospice
The large room, which can be entered from the right side of the cloister, occupies all the part of the building onto Piazza San Marco and already existed in the Middle Ages when the monastery was inhabited by the Sylvestrian monks. When the monastery was rebuilt in the 15th century, Michelozzo covered the whole area with cross vaults and raised the building to construct the second friars' dormitory. Inside there was also a Pilgrims' Hospice, alluded to in the fresco painted by Fra Angelico on the second door, Christ the pilgrim welcomed by Dominicans. Today it is the home of almost all of Angelico's panel painting, coming from the churches and monasteries of Florence.
“Lavabo” Room and Fra Bartolomeo Room
This room, known as the “Lavabo” Room due to the ancient function for which it was originally equipped, is also accessible from the cloister and is in front of the Large Refectory, next to the kitchen. Monastery rules imposed the ritual washing and purification of the hands before eating. Above the entrance door is a badly deteriorated fresco by Fra Angelico depicting Christ in Pietà, alluding to the Resurrection awaiting those who nourished by him. Today the room contains works presenting the artistic activity of the second great painter who lived in San Marco at the beginning of the 16th century: Fra Bartolomeo. He kept a painting studio in San Marco until his death in 1517. Basing his work on the preliminaries of rational 15th century classicism, Fra Bartolomeo developed a style of art which was freer in its use of colour space and design and inspired the young Raphael.
Another door into a room used in the past as the monastery's kitchen, located in an area containing all of the service rooms, in the vicinity of the “Spesa” Cloister. Today it contains an important collection of painting by Fra Bartolomeo.
Chapterhouse
The external appearance, with exposed stone walls and a doorway flanked by large windows, reveals that it belongs to the 14th century part of the monastery. The room is dominated by Fra Angelico's large Crucifixion. This fresco has a rather unreal appearance, which is also due to the state of repair of the background, originally painted blue and now grey and red, because the pigment has fallen and it can be seen in its preparatory state, As if in a collective reflection on the event of the Crucifixion, there appear in the painting not only historical figures but also the founders of the religious orders.
First Floor Dormitories
On the upper floor are the friars' dormitories. They consist of three corridors surrounding the cloister on three sides which is overlooked by 44 cells frescoed by Fra Angelico between 1439 and 1443. The Annunciation is one of the three frescoes painted outside the cells by Fra Angelico (along with Saint Dominic Adoring the Crucifixion and the Sacra Conversazione known as Virgin of the Shadows) before which the friars recited a common prayer at the times and in the ways prescribed by the Dominican Rule. In each cell is a fresco concerning the life and passion of Christ, for the exclusive contemplation of the friar occupying the cell. This cycle of frescoes, unique in the world, is considered to be completely the work of Fra Angelico, although he was helped by assistants.
First Corridors Cells
To the left of the Annunciation is the Fathers' Corridor, the first built by Michelozzo to house the Dominican friars who had just settled into the monastery. In 1437 the first twenty cells had already been completed, arranged on both sides of the corridor and soon after were frescoed by Fra Angelico. On the left side are the frescoes painted entirely by Fra Angelico, while those on the right were designed by the Master but painted in great part by faithful assistants.
Novices’ Corridor
This Dormitory, reserved for Novices, was built some time after the Dormitory of the Fathers and adjacent to it, as can be seen in the facade looking onto the cloister, in addition to three rooms at the end of the corridor, formerly designated as wardrobes before becoming the quarters occupied by Fra Girolamo Savonarola near the end of the 15th century.
The cells, larger in size than those of the Fathers to allow the Novices to become gradually accustomed to a reduction in their personal space, all contain frescoes of the same subject, Saint Dominic Adoring the Crucifixion. The only difference in the frescoes is the attitude of the kneeling Saint, shown in the various modes of prayer indicated by St. Dominic himself.
In the last two cells before ascending to the so-called Prior's Quarters, some relics of Savonarola are displayed, such as the cloak and the devotional cross.
Third Corridor Cells
This frescoes in the cells of the Third Corridor, the one designated also to lay brothers and guest, at the end of which are the two cells reserved for Cosimo de' Medici, where Pope Eugenius IV slept the night of Epiphany 1443 when he came to consecrate the new church, differ in some respects from the others. The language is more descriptive and the colours are brighter, the composition is more complex and next to the Master the contribution of his assistants increases.
Library
Cosimo, who also financed the realization of the liturgical books for the church, illuminated by Zanobi Strozzi, a close collaborator of Fra Angelico, provided the necessary volumes, purchasing the extensive book collection of the humanist Niccolò Niccoli 1441, which abounded in classical, Greek and Latin texts. The library, the first to be opened to the public in the Renaissance, was arranged by Vespasiano da Bisticci according to the dictates of Tommaso Sarzana, who later became Pope Nicholas V.
Medieval and Renaissance illuminated choir-books coming also from other churches and monasteries were instead placed here, where they are now exhibited in rotation.
From its founding, the nature of the library at San Marco was determined by the decision of Cosimo de' Medici and Niccoli's trustees to establish the collection of bibliophile humanist there. The library of San Marco represents the humanist ideal of the Florentines: a collection not established for one person, but for general use. The library was equally dedicated to religious and secular texts. When the library was opened in 1444, there were over 400 volumes on 64 benches. However, Cosimo was unsatisfied with that number and he took action to supplement the original collection with other codices, especially those in traditional fields of study.
The library was built by Michelozzo on the first floor, spacious with two rows of stone columns which form three naves covered in barrel vaulting. The large number of windows fill the room with natural light for study and for the copying of manuscripts. Under Lorenzo il Magnifico the library became one of the favourite meeting points for Florentine humanists such as Agnolo Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola who could conveniently consult the precious book collections assembled by the Medici. Both are among the significant figures buried in San Marco. Pope Nicholas V was involved with the library before and after he assumed the papal throne. He was the author of a book list recommended for the library during its planning stage. Later, as the Pope, he wrote recommendations for those seeking access to the library.
Stripped of the plutei (balustrades) with which it was originally furnished and the wall cupboards which replaced them in the 17th century, the library's bare architecture is revealed. Recent restoration has revealed both the original 15th-century colour scheme, green imitation marble, uncovered "as sample" in a central bay where fragments of a Wind Rose have also been discovered, and some frescoes of architectural illusionism around the doors, probably painted by Iacopo Chiavistelli at the time of the 17th-century renovation of this room.
Small Refectory
A small room once used as a Refectory for monastery guests staying in the adjoining guest Lodge. It may also have been used as the refectory for sick monks being treated in the infirmary, from the 17th century situated inside the Lodge.
It was frescoed by Ghirlandaio only about forty years after the construction of the monastery and today contains some glazed terracotta relief works from the Della Robbia studio, dated a little later than the Last Supper.
Museum
Like many establishments of its kind throughout Europe, the Dominican convent was seized by the civil authorities during the upheavals stemming from the French Revolution and the expansion of the Napoleonic Empire. San Marco met this fate in 1808, returned to Dominican hands after the fall of Napoleon, but then was confiscated in large part by a decree of the nascent Kingdom of Italy dated 7 July 1866 and became State property. This left to the Dominicans the church, the rooms opening on to the Saint Dominic cloister and the area that came much later to house the library containing over 10,000 books specializing in spirituality, founded in 1979 thanks to the bequest of the Catholic scholar Arrigo Levasti (1886-1973) and named after him.
In 1869, having been declared a national historical monument, the greater part of the complex reopened as a museum, following repairs and some adjustments to meet the new situation. It was in this period that the frescoes by Fra Angelico were restored by the artist Gaetano Bianchi. In 1906, the museum was chosen to house the remains of architectural value surviving from the buildings demolished by the urban planning measures of the previous century. This led to the creation of a distinct Museo di Firenze antica ("Museum of Old Florence"). In 1922 the museum managed to add to its collections a large number of works of Fra Angelico, having them transferred from the Uffizi Gallery or the Galleria dell'Accademia, an arrangement that has since remained unchanged.
Works
Deposition by Fra Angelico
San Marco Altarpiece by Fra Angelico
St. Peter of Verona Triptych by Fra Angelico
Tabernacle of the Linaioli by Lorenzo Ghiberti and Fra Angelico
References
External links
Art museums and galleries in Florence
Religious museums in Italy
National museums of Italy
1869 establishments in Italy
Art museums established in 1869
San Marco, Florence |
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Minnesota:
Minnesota – U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes, the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water".
General reference
Names
Common name: Minnesota
Pronunciation:
Official name: State of Minnesota
Abbreviations and name codes
Postal symbol: MN
ISO 3166-2 code: US-MN
Internet second-level domain: .mn.us
Nicknames
Butter Country
Bread and Butter State
Bread Basket of the Nation
Gopher State
Land of 10,000 Lakes (currently used on license plates)
Land of Lakes
Land of Sky-Blue Waters
North Star State
State of Hockey
Adjectival: Minnesota
Demonym: Minnesotan
Geography of Minnesota
Geography of Minnesota
Minnesota is: a U.S. state, a federal state of the United States of America
Location
Northern hemisphere
Western hemisphere
Americas
North America
Anglo America
Northern America
United States of America
Contiguous United States
Canada–US border
Central United States
West North Central States
Midwestern United States
Upper Midwest
Great Lakes Region
Population of Minnesota: 5,303,925 (2010 U.S. Census)
Area of Minnesota:
Atlas of Minnesota
Places in Minnesota
Historic places in Minnesota
Ghost towns in Minnesota
National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota
Forts in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota
Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
National Natural Landmarks in Minnesota
State forests in Minnesota
State parks in Minnesota
County and regional parks in Minnesota
Environment of Minnesota
Environment of Minnesota
Climate of Minnesota
Climate change
Weather records of Minnesota
Natural history of Minnesota
Geology of Minnesota
Protected areas in Minnesota
State forests of Minnesota
Superfund sites in Minnesota
Wildlife of Minnesota
Flora of Minnesota
Aquatic plants of Minnesota
Trees of Minnesota by family (by scientific name)
Wildflowers of Minnesota
Grasses, sedges, and rushes of Minnesota
Fauna of Minnesota
Amphibians of Minnesota
Ants of Minnesota
Birds of Minnesota
Fish of Minnesota
Mammals of Minnesota
Reptiles of Minnesota
Snakes of Minnesota
Natural geographic features of Minnesota
Ecoregions of Minnesota
Lakes of Minnesota
Rivers of Minnesota
Streams of Minnesota
Regions of Minnesota
Regions of Minnesota
Central Minnesota
Eastern Minnesota
Twin Cities Metropolitan Region
Northern Minnesota
Arrowhead Region
Red River Valley
Northwest Angle
Southern Minnesota
Southeastern Minnesota
Administrative divisions of Minnesota
The 87 counties of the state of Minnesota
Municipalities in Minnesota
Cities in Minnesota
State capital of Minnesota: Saint Paul
Largest city of Minnesota: Minneapolis
City nicknames in Minnesota
Towns in Minnesota
List of townships in Minnesota
Demography of Minnesota
Demographics of Minnesota
Government and politics of Minnesota
Politics of Minnesota
Form of government: U.S. state government
United States congressional delegations from Minnesota
Minnesota State Capitol
Elections in Minnesota
Electoral reform in Minnesota
Political party strength in Minnesota
Branches of the government of Minnesota
Government of Minnesota
Executive branch of the government of Minnesota
Governor of Minnesota
Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
Secretary of State of Minnesota
State departments
Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Minnesota Department of Transportation
Minnesota Housing Finance Agency
Minnesota Indian Affairs Council
Minnesota Public Utilities Commission
Minnesota State Lottery
Minnesota State Patrol
Legislative branch of the government of Minnesota
Minnesota Legislature (bicameral)
Upper house: Minnesota Senate
Lower house: Minnesota House of Representatives
Judicial branch of the government of Minnesota
Courts of Minnesota
Supreme Court of Minnesota
Law and order in Minnesota
Law of Minnesota
Cannabis in Minnesota
Constitution of Minnesota
Crime in Minnesota
Gun laws in Minnesota
Law enforcement in Minnesota
Law enforcement agencies in Minnesota
Minnesota State Police
Prisons in Minnesota
Same-sex marriage in Minnesota
Military in Minnesota
Minnesota Air National Guard
Minnesota Army National Guard
History of Minnesota
History of Minnesota
History of Minnesota, by period
Prehistory of Minnesota
Indigenous peoples
English territory of Rupert's Land, 1670–1707
French colony of Canada, (1685–1699)
French colony of Louisiane, (1699–1764)
Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762
Treaty of Paris of 1763
British territory of Rupert's Land, (1707–1818)-1870
History of the area of Minnesota east of the Mississippi River from 1763 to 1849:
British (though predominantly Francophone) Province of Quebec, (1763–1783)-1791
American Revolutionary War, April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783
United States Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783
Unorganized territory of the United States, 1783–1787
Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, (1787–1800)-1803
Territory of Indiana, (1800–1809)-1816
Territory of Illinois, 1809–1818
War of 1812, June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815
Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814
Anglo-American Convention of 1818
Northwest Angle
Territory of Michigan, 1805-(1818–1836)-1837
Winnebago War, 1827
Black Hawk War, 1832
Territory of Wisconsin, 1836–1848
Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842
Boundary Waters
Mexican–American War, April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848
Unorganized Territory, 1821-(1848–1849)-1854
History of the area of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River from 1764 to 1849:
Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Luisiana, 1764–1803
Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800
French district of Haute-Louisiane, 1803
Louisiana Purchase of 1803
Unorganized U.S. territory created by the Louisiana Purchase, 1803–1804
District of Louisiana, 1804–1805
Territory of Louisiana, 1805–1812
Territory of Missouri, 1812–1821
War of 1812, June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815
Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814
Anglo-American Convention of 1818
Red River Valley of Rupert's Land
Unorganized Territory, (1821–1834)-1854
Territory of Michigan, 1805-(1834–1838)-1837
Territory of Iowa, 1838–1846
Unorganized Territory, 1821-(1846–1849)-1854
Mexican–American War, April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848
Territory of Minnesota, 1849–1858
State of Minnesota becomes 32nd State admitted to the United States of America on May 11, 1858
American Civil War, April 12, 1861 – May 13, 1865
Minnesota in the American Civil War
History of Minnesota, by region
By City
History of Minneapolis
History of Northfield, Minnesota
History of Richfield, Minnesota
History of Saint Paul, Minnesota
History of Minnesota, by subject
History of music of Minnesota
History of sports in Minnesota
History of the Minnesota Twins
Minnesota Twins Draft History
History of the Minnesota Vikings
Natural history of Minnesota
Culture of Minnesota
Culture of Minnesota
Cuisine of Minnesota
Museums in Minnesota
Religion in Minnesota
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
Franciscan Brothers of Peace
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Minnesota North District
Minnesota South District
Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota
Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the Midwest
Synagogues in Minnesota
Scouting in Minnesota
State symbols of Minnesota
Flag of the State of Minnesota
Great Seal of the State of Minnesota
The arts in Minnesota
Music of Minnesota
Theater in Minnesota
Sports in Minnesota
Sports in Minnesota
American football
NFL – Minnesota Vikings
NCAA – Minnesota Golden Gophers football
Women's Football Alliance – Minnesota Vixen
Baseball
MLB – Minnesota Twins
NCAA – Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball
Basketball
NBA – Minnesota Timberwolves
NCAA – Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball, Minnesota Golden Gophers women's basketball
WNBA – Minnesota Lynx
Ice hockey
NHL – Minnesota Wild
NCAA – Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey, Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey
National Women's Hockey League – Minnesota Whitecaps
Soccer
MLS – Minnesota United FC
Rugby football
Minnesota Rugby Football Union – Blue Ox RFC, Minneapolis Mayhem
Economy and infrastructure of Minnesota
Economy of Minnesota
Communications in Minnesota
Newspapers in Minnesota
Radio stations in Minnesota
Television stations in Minnesota
Energy in Minnesota
Power stations in Minnesota
Solar power in Minnesota
Wind power in Minnesota
Health care in Minnesota
Hospitals in Minnesota
Transportation in Minnesota
Bicycling in Minnesota
Rail trails in Minnesota
Airports in Minnesota
Rail transport in Minnesota
Railroads in Minnesota
Passenger rail in Minnesota
Roads in Minnesota
U.S. Highways in Minnesota
Interstate Highways in Minnesota
State highways in Minnesota
Education in Minnesota
Education in Minnesota
Schools in Minnesota
School districts in Minnesota
High schools in Minnesota
Colleges and universities in Minnesota
University of Minnesota system
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota Duluth
University of Minnesota Morris
University of Minnesota Crookston
University of Minnesota Rochester
Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system
St. Cloud State University
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Winona State University
Metropolitan State University
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Southwest Minnesota State University
Bemidji State University
See also
Topic overview:
Minnesota
Index of Minnesota-related articles
References
External links
Minnesota
Minnesota |
Gellius Egnatius (died 295 BC) was the leader of the Varriani, a leading clan of the Samnites during the Third Samnite War, which broke out in 298 BC. By the end of the second campaign the Samnites appeared completely defeated, however in the following year Gellius Egnatius marched into Etruria, and roused the Etruscans to a close co-operation against Rome. This had the effect of withdrawing Roman troops from Samnium for a period of time; but the forces of the confederates were defeated by the combined armies of consuls Lucius Volumnius Flamma Violens and Appius Claudius Caecus.
In the fourth campaign in 295 BC Egnatius induced the Gauls and the Umbrians to join the confederacy; but due to the withdrawal of the Etruscans and the Umbrians, the Gauls and the Samnites fell back beyond the Apennines, and were met by the Romans near the town of Sentinum. A decisive battle, marked by the heroic devotion of P. Decius Mus, ensured that the Samnites were defeated and their leader Egnatius was slain.
295 BC deaths
3rd-century BC people
Samnite people
Military personnel killed in action
Gellii
Year of birth unknown |
Eudalaca exul is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from South Africa.
References
External links
Hepialidae genera
Endemic moths of South Africa
Moths described in 1853
Hepialidae
Moths of Africa |
Tandridge Priory was a priory in Surrey, England.
History
Tandridge Priory was originally a hospital founded in 1189–99 by Odo de Dammartin, and became an Augustinian priory in 1218.
It was a small foundation of probably no more than five canons, whose chief duty was to pray for the priory's benefactors. In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535, the clear annual value of the priory was £81 7s. 4d; this was less than a fifth of the larger Sheen Priory in the north of the county. At that time, the priory held the rectory (church lands, tithes and donations) of Tandridge producing £13 6s. 8d, the rectory of Crowhurst £8 6s, and half the rectory of Godstone (alias Wolkensted) paying £3 11s. 8d. John Lyngfield, the last prior, obtained a pension of £14.
The priory was disbanded in 1538 as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, which did away with almost all such institutions and enabled Henry VIII to expropriate their assets.
Successor to main site
There is now a Grade II listed 17th-century country house on the far north of the site and a horse riding centre on the remainder, with the original priory and three fishponds in the grounds at the rear.
References
Monasteries in Surrey |
Irene Dare (born Irene Davidson, February 14, 1931 — May 29, 2020 was a young American figure skater and film star. In the late 1930s, she was described as "a small edition of Sonja Henie" and "closer to being 'another Shirley Temple' than anybody in recent years."
Early life and career
Dare's parents were Mr. and Mrs. Harry B. Davidson, neither of whom was a skater. She initially took lessons in acrobatic dancing. and was "very fond" of that activity. After a figure-skating teacher who was a friend of the family saw her dance, he suggested that she try skating. His instruction started her on the road to Hollywood.
Before she began working in films, Dare performed in ice shows -- 17 by the time she was 6 years old -- and skated at a New York club and at Madison Square Garden. Newsreels of the MSG performance were seen by a talent scout, leading to Dare's film contract.
In 1938, at age 5, Dare was the world's youngest figure skater. At that point, she had been skating for years and had appeared in 16 ice shows. Also that year, Principal Productions announced plans to make a film of Hans Brinker or the Silver Skates with Bobby Breen in the title role and Dare portraying Greta.
Film producer Sol Lesser learned about Dare from friends and watched her perform in New York, after which he eventually got her under contract to make films.
Dare's film debut came in Breaking the Ice (1938). Dare's scenes in the film included dances, somersaults, spins, and whirls on ice in elaborate sequences. Her first starring role came in Everything's on Ice (1939). She also performed in the film Silver Skates (1943).
In 1939, Dare had a six-year film contract for $1,200 per week. She also performed in the Ice Vanities show in December 1941.
References
External links
1931 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American child actresses
American film actresses |
```c++
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "config.h"
#include "core/testing/NullExecutionContext.h"
#include "core/dom/ExecutionContextTask.h"
#include "core/events/Event.h"
#include "core/frame/DOMTimer.h"
namespace blink {
namespace {
class NullEventQueue final : public EventQueue {
public:
NullEventQueue() { }
virtual ~NullEventQueue() { }
virtual bool enqueueEvent(PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<Event>) override { return true; }
virtual bool cancelEvent(Event*) override { return true; }
virtual void close() override { }
};
} // namespace
NullExecutionContext::NullExecutionContext()
: m_tasksNeedSuspension(false)
, m_queue(adoptPtrWillBeNoop(new NullEventQueue()))
{
}
void NullExecutionContext::postTask(const WebTraceLocation&, PassOwnPtr<ExecutionContextTask>)
{
}
double NullExecutionContext::timerAlignmentInterval() const
{
return DOMTimer::visiblePageAlignmentInterval();
}
bool NullExecutionContext::isPrivilegedContext(String& errorMessage, const PrivilegeContextCheck privilegeContextCheck) const
{
return true;
}
} // namespace blink
``` |
Kiladangan GAA is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Hurling is the main sport which is played in the "North Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred on the village of Puckane but includes the areas of Ballycommon, Monsea and Dromineer near Nenagh.
Kiladangan was formerly spelled "Kildangan", however in January 2016 the club reverted to its former name of Kiladangan GAA. At the present time both club names are used interchangeably.
Hurling club history
From the foundation of the club in 1915, teams competed in the various championships in County Tipperary – Senior, Intermediate and Junior under various guises, namely Kiladangan, Kildangan, Ballycommon, Carney, Knigh and Lahorna.
In 1930, Kiladangan and Kilbarron combined to win the intermediate championship, the amalgamation competed at senior level then until they won the senior championship in 1934. From then Kiladangan went on their own competing at senior level from 1935 to 1965 inclusive.
In 1966, Kiladangan went down to intermediate again before swiftly returning to the senior ranks in 1967. However, a return to intermediate ranks in 1968 before amalgamating with Burgess to form Na Piarsaigh and compete in the senior ranks in 1970.
Kiladangan competed on their own in the senior ranks once again in 1972 before returning to the intermediate ranks again in 1976 where they remained, except for 1996 when they competed in the junior championship, until 2005.
The return to the senior ranks in 2005 was preceded by capturing the county intermediate title, Munster intermediate cup and the all-Ireland intermediate cup beating Carrickshock of Kilkenny in a dramatic final in Thurles.
The club confirmed the return to top tier by capturing the clubs first North Senior title in 65 years in 2008.
Kildangan reached the final of the 2016 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship where they lost to Thurles Sarsfields by 1–15 to 0–27. It was their first final since 1938. They were back in the final again in 2019 but again lost out to Borris-Ileigh 1-15 to 1-12.
On 20 September 2020, Kiladangan won the 2020 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship after a 1-28 to 3-20 extra-time defeat of Loughmore-Castleiney in the final at Semple Stadium. A late goal by Bryan McLoughney in extra-time won he game with Kiladangan one point behind at that stage. This was their first ever championship title.
On 29 October 2023, Kiladangan defeated Thurles Sarsfields by 1-21 to 1-20 after a replay to win their second Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship.
Over the years, many players from the club have represented Tipperary at various grades and the following is a list of players that have won All- Ireland medals in the blue and gold:
Senior Hurling:
Marin Kennedy 1925, 1930 *
Jimmy Kennedy 1949, 1950, 1951**
Billy McLoughney 1961
Seamus Hogan 1971
Darragh Egan 2010
Martin also collected 6 railway cup medals in 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934 and 1935 and was selected at full forward on the Tipperary team of the millennium.
Jimmy also won a Railway Cup medal in 1950
Intermediate Hurling:
Jim Egan 1972
John D’Arcy 1972
Nicky Flannery 1972
Paddy Kelly 1972
Ollie Killeen 1972
Terry Moloney 1972
William Moloney 1972
Noel Seymour 1972
Dan Hackett 2000
Junior Hurling:
Éamonn Kelly 1989, 1991
Donal Flannery 1989
Colm Egan 1989
Under 21 Hurling:
Seamus Hogan 1967
Colm Egan 1989
Éamonn Kelly 1989
Brian Flannery 1995
Joe Gallagher 2010
Minor Hurling:
Neddy McLoughney 1952
Joe Gallagher 2007
Notable Footballers
Niall Kelly
Willie Connors
Honours
Tipperary Senior Hurling Championships: 2
2020, 2023
All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship Winners 2005
Munster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship Winners 2004
Munster Junior Club Football Championship Runners-Up 2011
North Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship Winner 1934 (with Kilbarron), 1938, 1943, 2008, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019,2021
Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship Winner 2004
North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship Winners 1930 (as Kilbarron-Kildangan), 1966, 1971, 1977, 1980, 2001, 2002, 2004
North Tipperary Intermediate Football Championship Winners 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008
Tipperary Junior A Hurling Championship: Winners 1971
North Tipperary Junior A Hurling Championship: (1) 1944
Tipperary Junior B Hurling Championship: (1) 2006
North Tipperary Junior B Hurling Championship: (3) 2001, 2006,2021
North Tipperary Junior C Hurling Championship : (1) 2021
Tipperary Junior A Football Championship: (2) 1990, 2011
North Tipperary Junior A Football Championship (5) 1990, 1998, 2011, 2022, 2023
Tipperary Junior B Football Championship (1) 1997
North Tipperary Junior B Football Championship (1) 1997
North Tipperary Under-21 A Football Championship (3) 1999, 2000, 2011
North Tipperary Under-21 B Football Championship (3) 1987, 1988, 1996
Tipperary Under-21 A Hurling Championship (2) 1970, (with Burgess as Naomh Padraig), 1971 (with Burgess as Naomh Padraig)
North Tipperary Under-21 A Hurling Championship (4) 1959, 1970 (with Burgess as Naomh Padraig), 1971 (with Burgess as Naomh Padraig), 2014
Tipperary Under-21 B Hurling Championship (2) 2004, 2010
North Tipperary Under-21 B Hurling Championship (5) 1999, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012
North Tipperary Minor A Football Championship (2) 1996, 2008
North Tipperary Minor B Football Championship (4) 1987, 1992, 2011, 2013
North Tipperary Minor A Hurling Championship (1) 2015
Tipperary Minor B Hurling Championship (2) 1998, 2014
North Tipperary Minor B Hurling Championship (4) 1982, 1998, 2003, 2014
Camogie History
The re-established Kildangan Camogie Club first fielded an U/12 team in the championship in 2002. An U/14 team found their feet that year playing challenge games for experience. From 2003 the club affiliated teams in the U/12 and U/14 league and championship. In 2006 they affiliated 5 teams at u/10s, u/12s, u/14s, and Junior B level.
Currently the team compete at Junior A level.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Tipperary Junior B Hurling Championship: (1) 2009
Tipperary Junior A Hurling League: (1) 2022
References
External links
Tipperary GAA site
Official Kiladangan GAA Club website
Gaelic games clubs in County Tipperary
Hurling clubs in County Tipperary |
Valuwa is sometimes used as an alternative name for:
Aplow, a village and associated district of Vanuatu
Volow, an extinct communalect previously spoken in the same area.
the small airstrip of Motalava island, also known as Valua or Valuwa airport, located close to the village of Aplow. |
```go
//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
// +build !ignore_autogenerated
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// Code generated by prerelease-lifecycle-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
package v1
// APILifecycleIntroduced is an autogenerated function, returning the release in which the API struct was introduced as int versions of major and minor for comparison.
// It is controlled by "k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:introduced" tags in types.go.
func (in *CronJob) APILifecycleIntroduced() (major, minor int) {
return 1, 21
}
// APILifecycleIntroduced is an autogenerated function, returning the release in which the API struct was introduced as int versions of major and minor for comparison.
// It is controlled by "k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:introduced" tags in types.go.
func (in *CronJobList) APILifecycleIntroduced() (major, minor int) {
return 1, 21
}
// APILifecycleIntroduced is an autogenerated function, returning the release in which the API struct was introduced as int versions of major and minor for comparison.
// It is controlled by "k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:introduced" tags in types.go.
func (in *Job) APILifecycleIntroduced() (major, minor int) {
return 1, 2
}
// APILifecycleIntroduced is an autogenerated function, returning the release in which the API struct was introduced as int versions of major and minor for comparison.
// It is controlled by "k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:introduced" tags in types.go.
func (in *JobList) APILifecycleIntroduced() (major, minor int) {
return 1, 2
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/**
*/
namespace OCA\Comments\Tests\Unit\Notification;
use OCA\Comments\Notification\Notifier;
use OCP\Comments\IComment;
use OCP\Comments\ICommentsManager;
use OCP\Comments\NotFoundException;
use OCP\Files\Folder;
use OCP\Files\IRootFolder;
use OCP\Files\Node;
use OCP\IL10N;
use OCP\IURLGenerator;
use OCP\IUserManager;
use OCP\L10N\IFactory;
use OCP\Notification\AlreadyProcessedException;
use OCP\Notification\INotification;
use OCP\Notification\UnknownNotificationException;
use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
use Test\TestCase;
class NotifierTest extends TestCase {
/** @var Notifier */
protected $notifier;
/** @var IFactory|MockObject */
protected $l10nFactory;
/** @var IL10N|MockObject */
protected $l;
/** @var IRootFolder|MockObject */
protected $folder;
/** @var ICommentsManager|MockObject */
protected $commentsManager;
/** @var IURLGenerator|MockObject */
protected $url;
/** @var IUserManager|MockObject */
protected $userManager;
/** @var INotification|MockObject */
protected $notification;
/** @var IComment|MockObject */
protected $comment;
/** @var string */
protected $lc = 'tlh_KX';
protected function setUp(): void {
parent::setUp();
$this->l10nFactory = $this->createMock(IFactory::class);
$this->folder = $this->createMock(IRootFolder::class);
$this->commentsManager = $this->createMock(ICommentsManager::class);
$this->url = $this->createMock(IURLGenerator::class);
$this->userManager = $this->createMock(IUserManager::class);
$this->notifier = new Notifier(
$this->l10nFactory,
$this->folder,
$this->commentsManager,
$this->url,
$this->userManager
);
$this->l = $this->createMock(IL10N::class);
$this->l->expects($this->any())
->method('t')
->willReturnCallback(function ($text, $parameters = []) {
return vsprintf($text, $parameters);
});
$this->notification = $this->createMock(INotification::class);
$this->comment = $this->createMock(IComment::class);
}
public function testPrepareSuccess() {
$fileName = 'Gre\'thor.odp';
$displayName = 'Huraga';
$message = '@Huraga mentioned you in a comment on "Gre\'thor.odp"';
/** @var Node|MockObject $node */
$node = $this->createMock(Node::class);
$node
->expects($this->atLeastOnce())
->method('getName')
->willReturn($fileName);
$node
->expects($this->atLeastOnce())
->method('getPath')
->willReturn('/you/files/' . $fileName);
$userFolder = $this->createMock(Folder::class);
$this->folder->expects($this->once())
->method('getUserFolder')
->with('you')
->willReturn($userFolder);
$userFolder->expects($this->once())
->method('getById')
->with('678')
->willReturn([$node]);
$this->notification->expects($this->exactly(2))
->method('getUser')
->willReturn('you');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubject')
->willReturn('mention');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubjectParameters')
->willReturn(['files', '678']);
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setRichSubject')
->with('{user} mentioned you in a comment on "{file}"', $this->anything())
->willReturnSelf();
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setRichMessage')
->with('Hi {mention-user1}!', ['mention-user1' => ['type' => 'user', 'id' => 'you', 'name' => 'Your name']])
->willReturnSelf();
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedMessage');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setIcon')
->with('absolute-image-path')
->willReturnSelf();
$this->url->expects($this->once())
->method('imagePath')
->with('core', 'actions/comment.svg')
->willReturn('image-path');
$this->url->expects($this->once())
->method('getAbsoluteURL')
->with('image-path')
->willReturn('absolute-image-path');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->l);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorId')
->willReturn('huraga');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorType')
->willReturn('users');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getMessage')
->willReturn('Hi @you!');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getMentions')
->willReturn([['type' => 'user', 'id' => 'you']]);
$this->comment->expects($this->atLeastOnce())
->method('getId')
->willReturn('1234');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->comment);
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('resolveDisplayName')
->with('user', 'you')
->willReturn('Your name');
$this->userManager
->expects($this->exactly(2))
->method('getDisplayName')
->willReturnMap([
['huraga', $displayName],
['you', 'You'],
]);
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareSuccessDeletedUser() {
$fileName = 'Gre\'thor.odp';
$message = 'You were mentioned on "Gre\'thor.odp", in a comment by an account that has since been deleted';
/** @var Node|MockObject $node */
$node = $this->createMock(Node::class);
$node
->expects($this->atLeastOnce())
->method('getName')
->willReturn($fileName);
$node
->expects($this->atLeastOnce())
->method('getPath')
->willReturn('/you/files/' . $fileName);
$userFolder = $this->createMock(Folder::class);
$this->folder->expects($this->once())
->method('getUserFolder')
->with('you')
->willReturn($userFolder);
$userFolder->expects($this->once())
->method('getById')
->with('678')
->willReturn([$node]);
$this->notification->expects($this->exactly(2))
->method('getUser')
->willReturn('you');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubject')
->willReturn('mention');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubjectParameters')
->willReturn(['files', '678']);
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setRichSubject')
->with('You were mentioned on "{file}", in a comment by an account that has since been deleted', $this->anything())
->willReturnSelf();
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setRichMessage')
->with('Hi {mention-user1}!', ['mention-user1' => ['type' => 'user', 'id' => 'you', 'name' => 'Your name']])
->willReturnSelf();
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedMessage');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('setIcon')
->with('absolute-image-path')
->willReturnSelf();
$this->url->expects($this->once())
->method('imagePath')
->with('core', 'actions/comment.svg')
->willReturn('image-path');
$this->url->expects($this->once())
->method('getAbsoluteURL')
->with('image-path')
->willReturn('absolute-image-path');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->l);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorId')
->willReturn('huraga');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorType')
->willReturn(ICommentsManager::DELETED_USER);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getMessage')
->willReturn('Hi @you!');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getMentions')
->willReturn([['type' => 'user', 'id' => 'you']]);
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->comment);
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('resolveDisplayName')
->with('user', 'you')
->willReturn('Your name');
$this->userManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('getDisplayName')
->willReturnMap([
['huraga', null],
['you', 'You'],
]);
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareDifferentApp() {
$this->expectException(UnknownNotificationException::class);
$this->folder
->expects($this->never())
->method('getById');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('constructions');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('getSubject');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('getSubjectParameters');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->never())
->method('get');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->never())
->method('get');
$this->userManager
->expects($this->never())
->method('getDisplayName');
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareNotFound() {
$this->expectException(UnknownNotificationException::class);
$this->folder
->expects($this->never())
->method('getById');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('getSubject');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('getSubjectParameters');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->never())
->method('get');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willThrowException(new NotFoundException());
$this->userManager
->expects($this->never())
->method('getDisplayName');
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareDifferentSubject() {
$this->expectException(UnknownNotificationException::class);
$displayName = 'Huraga';
$this->folder
->expects($this->never())
->method('getById');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubject')
->willReturn('unlike');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('getSubjectParameters');
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->l
->expects($this->never())
->method('t');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->l);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorId')
->willReturn('huraga');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorType')
->willReturn('users');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->comment);
$this->userManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('getDisplayName')
->with('huraga')
->willReturn($displayName);
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareNotFiles() {
$this->expectException(UnknownNotificationException::class);
$displayName = 'Huraga';
$this->folder
->expects($this->never())
->method('getById');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubject')
->willReturn('mention');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubjectParameters')
->willReturn(['ships', '678']);
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->l
->expects($this->never())
->method('t');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->l);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorId')
->willReturn('huraga');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorType')
->willReturn('users');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->comment);
$this->userManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('getDisplayName')
->with('huraga')
->willReturn($displayName);
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
public function testPrepareUnresolvableFileID() {
$this->expectException(AlreadyProcessedException::class);
$displayName = 'Huraga';
$userFolder = $this->createMock(Folder::class);
$this->folder->expects($this->once())
->method('getUserFolder')
->with('you')
->willReturn($userFolder);
$userFolder->expects($this->once())
->method('getById')
->with('678')
->willReturn([]);
$this->notification->expects($this->once())
->method('getUser')
->willReturn('you');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getApp')
->willReturn('comments');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubject')
->willReturn('mention');
$this->notification
->expects($this->once())
->method('getSubjectParameters')
->willReturn(['files', '678']);
$this->notification
->expects($this->never())
->method('setParsedSubject');
$this->l
->expects($this->never())
->method('t');
$this->l10nFactory
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->l);
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorId')
->willReturn('huraga');
$this->comment
->expects($this->any())
->method('getActorType')
->willReturn('users');
$this->commentsManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('get')
->willReturn($this->comment);
$this->userManager
->expects($this->once())
->method('getDisplayName')
->with('huraga')
->willReturn($displayName);
$this->notifier->prepare($this->notification, $this->lc);
}
}
``` |
Steven Shaviro () is an American academic, philosopher, and cultural critic whose areas of interest include film theory, time, science fiction, panpsychism, capitalism, affect and subjectivity. He earned a B.A. in English in 1975, M.A. in English in 1978, and a Ph.D. in English in 1981, all from Yale University. From 1984 to 2004, he was a professor of English at the University of Washington, and since 2004 teaches film, culture and English at Wayne State University, where he is the DeRoy Professor of English.
Career
His most widely read book is Doom Patrols, a "theoretical fiction" that outlines the state of postmodernism during the early 1990s, using poetic language, personal anecdotes, and creative prose. He has also written extensively about music videos as an artform.
Shaviro has written a book about film theory, The Cinematic Body, which according to the preface is "about postmodernism, the politics of human bodies, constructions of masculinity, and the aesthetics of masochism." It also examines Julia Kristeva's concept of abjection and the dominance of Lacanian tropes in contemporary academic film theory. According to Shaviro, the use of psychoanalysis has mirrored the actions of a cult, with its own religious texts (essays by Freud and Lacan).
Shaviro's book Connected, Or, What It Means to Live in the Network Society, appeared in 2003. A later book, Without Criteria: Kant, Whitehead, Deleuze, and Aesthetics was published in May 2009. Five years later, he wrote a book about speculative realism in philosophy, inspired by Alfred North Whitehead.
In 2023 Shaviro wrote in a Facebook post, "Although I do not advocate violating federal and state criminal codes, I think it is far more admirable to kill a racist, homophobic or transphobic speaker than it is to shout them down." Wayne State University President M. Roy Wilson suspended Shaviro with pay and referred the matter to law enforcement.
Bibliography
Shaviro, Steven (1990). Passion and Excess: Blanchot, Bataille, and Literary Theory, Tallahassee: Florida State University Press.
——— (1993). The Cinematic Body, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
——— (1997): Doom Patrols: A Theoretical Fiction about Postmodernism, London: Serpent's Tail.
——— (2003). Connected, or What it Means to Live in the Network Society, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
——— (2009). Without Criteria: Kant, Whitehead, Deleuze, and Aesthetics, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
——— (2010). Post Cinematic Affect, Winchester: Zer0 books.
——— (2014). The Universe of Things: On Speculative Realism, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
——— (2016). Discognition, Repeater Books.
——— (2017). Digital Music Videos, Rutgers University Press, 2017.
References
External links
Shaviro's website
Podcast of lecture at the UCD Humanities Institute - Discognition
Speculative Futures - podcast discussion with Shaviro and Alexander R. Galloway, moderated by Eugene Thacker from November 2014.
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American critics
Continental philosophers
Film theorists
Living people
Philosophers of art
Postmodernists
University of Washington faculty
Wayne State University faculty
Yale University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
National Highway 502 or NH 502 connects Venus Saddle and Saiha in Mizoram, India. The total length of the highway is 23 km and runs only in the state of Mizoram.
See also
List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)
List of National Highways in India
National Highways Development Project
References
External links
NH 502 on OpenStreetMap
National highways in India
502 |
```css
Hide the scrollbar in webkit browser
Highlight input forms using `:focus` pseudo-class
How to flip an image
`:required` and `:optional` pseudo classes
Disclose file format of links
``` |
Shanghai: The Ivory Compact is an epic historical novel by Canadian theatre director and acting coach David Rotenberg. Spanning several centuries of the history of the city of Shanghai, it is one of the longest novels ever published. While Shanghai was written as a stand-alone story, it includes cameo appearances by young versions of characters who appear in Rotenberg's detective series set in contemporary Shanghai. Shanghai received critical acclaim and sold well worldwide.
Synopsis
With his last breath, Q'in She Huang, the first Emperor of China, entrusts his followers with a sacred task in the year 207 BCE. Scenes intricately carved into a narwhal tusk show the future of a city "at the Bend in the River," and the Emperor's chosen three — his favourite concubine, head Confucian, and personal bodyguard — must set events in motion so that these prophecies are fulfilled, by passing their traditions down through the generations.
About two thousand years later, in the mid 19th century, the descendants of the chosen three watch as Shanghai is invaded by opium traders and missionaries from Europe, America, and the Middle East. Of them all, two families, locked in a rivalry that lasts for generations, are central to the evolution of the city. As history marches on, they clash and intertwine with other locals and foreigners, shaping what will become the centrepiece of the new China, the city of Shanghai.
One family is that of Silas Hardoon, an Iraqi Jew at the centre of more than one scandal, marrying his Chinese mistress and later adopting nearly forty neighbourhood orphans. Hardoon and his heirs become a force to be reckoned with from the 1880s to the 1940s.
Publication history
Background
In 1994, David Rotenberg was invited to direct the first Canadian play to be staged in the People's Republic of China. Rotenberg mounted a production of The Ecstasy of Rita Joe in Mandarin at the Shanghai Theatre Academy at a time when China was going through a "massive transition from a profoundly oppressive socialist state to a basically free market economy – a thrilling time". Rotenberg had six weeks until rehearsals began, and used this time to explore the city with his translator: "Instead of visiting all the usual tourist sites, he went into all the small, dark alleys and chalked up impressions." Rotenberg recalled: "Here was a city that was actively involved in moving from being ignored by the great powers in Beijing to becoming the centre of Asian capitalism... You could feel it all around you. Some of my actors would leave rehearsals because they were setting up kiosks to sell produce on the street." The experience led to him beginning what became his second career, writing the Zhong Fong mystery series set primarily in contemporary Shanghai.
Publisher and commission
Just before the latest Zhong Fong novel, The Golden Mountain Murders, was published in 2005, Rotenberg received a lunch invitation from Penguin Canada publisher David Davidar and assumed that they would be discussing a sixth Zhong Fong novel, but Davidar had other ideas. "He wanted to know if I could do for Shanghai what James Clavell did for Hong Kong. It gave me pause because I love Clavell's writing." Davidar has said he had "long admired" how well the Zhong Fong novels were written, and how they convey a "sense of place". Whereas the kinds of sagas James Clavell and James A. Michener wrote had since "fallen out of fashion," making the idea "a risky proposition", yet it was still a "publisher's dream".
Format
Rotenberg wrote Shanghai as three novels, and always counted them as such, even after Penguin decided to issue the work as a single volume for publication in 2008. At about 800,000 words, Shanghai is one of the longest novels ever published; Rotenberg said he received complaints from readers that it was "too heavy for them to carry around".
Inspiration, genre, and writing
David Rotenberg said the inspiration for the novel was a line in a children's book about Silas Hardoon, an Iraqi Jewish opium trader who married his Chinese mistress: "That line was the genesis of Shanghai: The Ivory Compact." Rotenberg's portrayal is quite different from what is known about the historical figure: he was "much more of a bad guy in reality, someone who would threaten people if they didn't pay the rent on time. But the novel needed a more sympathetic main character, and since there aren't too many details known about him or his life, I had more creative licence." To that end, emphasis is placed on the character being "caught between his Jewish roots and his new home's ancient philosophies," and he is witness to his father Richard's "crippling" addiction.
The bulk of the novel spans the history of Shanghai from the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century through to the Chinese Communist Revolution roughly a century later, mixing fact and fiction. Rotenberg compared his novel to Philip Roth's The Plot Against America, a "counterfactual" historical narrative that imagines a Nazi takeover of the United States in the 1930s. "This goes the other way... These were the events of Chinese history. But it imagines that the reasons behind those events are different from the ones historians have given. The novel postulates a series of other forces at work."
Rotenberg did "extensive research", thereby allowing him to address "difficult subjects" such as the practice of foot binding, depicted in what Sarah Weinman calls a "horrifying scene" in which a young girl reacts stoically to the process: the description is "rooted in verisimilitude from consulting doctors on the precise procedure". Likewise, Rotenberg did not describe the six-week-long Nanking massacre until he learned more about it:I hesitated to write about it for a long, long, time because it is such a largescale human event. But then I saw a photo exhibit in London about the massacre, where I learned about 18 American missionaries who convinced the Japanese to mark a safe zone in Nanking, and found my way in. At the same time, I wanted to be careful not to portray the Japanese as outright monsters.
Reception
Commercial performance
By September 2008, Shanghai had acquired foreign rights sales as far afield as Bulgaria, Australia, and Russia. It reached the 9th position on The Globe and Mail'''s National List of Canadian Bestsellers in June 2009.
Critical response
Stephen Patrick Clare asserts that the novel's success demonstrated that Rotenberg could "break away from convention without loosening his hold on the imagination of his readers." Sarah Weinman described Shanghai as "jam-packed with story and adventure". Jurgen Gothe calls it "a massive, fascinating, and powerful book that spans genres, maybe confounds them", and asserts that Rotenberg "possesses a prodigious memory for atmosphere and place, and good research skills."What makes Shanghai so readable and well paced is the unique mix Rotenberg throws into the ring: grace, style, sensitivity, anger, questions... And so the story comes out dreamy and hallucinatory, mysterious and mystical, spiritual and ghostly; comic at times, from lyrical subtlety to total slapstick. Shanghai is heart-pounding and brutal. It puts you right into the thick of the city, its people, its passions.
AdaptationsShanghai: The Ivory Compact has been reported as being optioned both in the U.S., and in Canada, by Darius Films and by Jane McLean for television as recently as late 2018.
Related works
Zhong Fong
Though Shanghai is not part of the Zhong Fong series, the character nevertheless makes a cameo appearance towards the end of the novel as a four-year-old.
Sequel
In 2008, Rotenberg talked about the possibility of a sequel to Shanghai set in post-Second World War Shanghai, contingent on a return visit to the city for more research. However, when Rotenberg was approached by Simon & Schuster "to write something other than about China", after what amounted to "eight novels about and around China" (Rotenberg counting Shanghai as three novels), he was "ready for a change", prompting the writing of the Toronto-set Junction Chronicles'' series.
Note
References
Canadian historical novels
Novels set in Shanghai
2008 novels |
```go
package cli
import (
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/hex"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/flags"
)
const flagHex = "hex"
// GetDecodeCommand returns the decode command to take serialized bytes and turn
// it into a JSON-encoded transaction.
func GetDecodeCommand() *cobra.Command {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "decode [protobuf-byte-string]",
Short: "Decode a binary encoded transaction string",
Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
clientCtx := client.GetClientContextFromCmd(cmd)
var txBytes []byte
if useHex, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagHex); useHex {
txBytes, err = hex.DecodeString(args[0])
} else {
txBytes, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(args[0])
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
tx, err := clientCtx.TxConfig.TxDecoder()(txBytes)
if err != nil {
return err
}
json, err := clientCtx.TxConfig.TxJSONEncoder()(tx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return clientCtx.PrintBytes(json)
},
}
cmd.Flags().BoolP(flagHex, "x", false, "Treat input as hexadecimal instead of base64")
flags.AddTxFlagsToCmd(cmd)
_ = cmd.Flags().MarkHidden(flags.FlagOutput) // decoding makes sense to output only json
return cmd
}
``` |
Auguste-Nicolas Vaillant (2 July 1793 – 1 November 1858) was a French sailor who worked his way up through the ranks from common seaman to rear-admiral. In 1836–37 he captained a 21-month voyage round the globe in which the scientists made many useful botanical and zoological observations, later described in an 11-volume illustrated account. He was briefly Minister of Navy and Colonies in 1851 during the French Second Republic.
Early years
Auguste-Nicolas Vaillant was born in Paris, France, on 2 July 1793.
He joined the navy as a simple apprentice sailor. He sailed on the coast of Brittany and in the English Channel, which was blockaded by the English fleet during the Napoleonic Wars He was promoted to 2nd class cadet on 1 December 1810 and served on coastal vessels and on river and canal boats. He was promoted to 1st class cadet on 29 March 1813 and soon after was given command of the Texel. He vigorously suppressed a revolt of the Dutch crew. This brought him to the attention of Admiral Carel Hendrik Ver Huell, who made him first an infantry lieutenant then an artillery lieutenant in the forts of la Salle and l'Ecluse.
Vaillant fought in the Channel and on the coast of Flanders on the brig Génie and the frigate Hermione.
After the end of the wars, on 20 June 1816 he was discharged on suspicion of Bonapartism.
Naval officer
Vaillant was restored to his rank of sub-lieutenant (Enseigne de vaisseau) on 1 July 1818.
That year he was sent on an exploratory expedition to French Guiana to investigate how it should be colonized.
He explored the Maroni River, at that time virtually unknown to Europeans, and made a detailed map and description.
He was made Lieutenant on 4 August 1824, and the next year was given command of the Estafette, which was employed in turn in the Levant, at Tunis, and on the coasts of Catalonia and Romagna. For his conduct in a storm in the Hellenic archipelago, and for a courageous expedition against the pirates of Andros, on 3 November 1827 he was awarded the cross of the Order of Saint Louis.
In 1828 Vaillant participated in the Morea expedition during the Greek War of Independence. In November 1828 he became chief of staff of Admiral Henri de Rigny.
When the admiral was named Minister of the Navy, M. Lalonde took command of the Levant station. Vaillant served under him as commander of the Actéon.
He was named Commander (Capitaine de frégate) on 1 March 1831, and became aide-de-camp to the Naval Minister Henri de Rigny.
He continued in this role under Commodore Louis Léon Jacob and Admiral Guy-Victor Duperré.
In February 1836 Vaillant was given command of the Bonite for a voyage of circumnavigation of the globe.
The primary purpose of Vaillant's journey was to take several consular agents to various remote posts, but the staff also made many valuable scientific observations.
La Bonite left Toulon on 6 February 1836 carrying the artist and botanist Benôit-Henri Darondeau and others. They passed the Strait of Gibraltar, crossed the Atlantic and reached Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in March 1836. The vessel rounded Cape Horn and reached Valparaíso in Chile on 17 June 1836. They sailed via Peru to Honolulu, Hawaii, where they stayed from 28 September to 11 October 1836. The return journey took La Bonite via the Mariana Islands, Manila in the Philippines, Canton, Singapore, Kolkata, Pondicherry, Réunion, the Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena to Brest, which was reached on 6 November 1837. No crew members were lost in the 21-month voyage.
Vaillant was promoted to captain (capitaine de vaisseau) in 1838, and joined the expedition to Mexico later that year.
After the stronghold of San Juan de Ulúa had been captured he was made its commander and was placed in command of the Vera Cruz station.
He then joined the French blockade of the Río de la Plata, during which he occupied Montevideo.
In May 1840 the explorer and botanist Aimé Bonpland met Vaillant, captain of the frigate Atalante in the Plata. He found Vaillant "polite but affected."
At lunch on the ship Bonpland noticed evident hostility between Vaillant and Commodore Jean Dupotet.
Vaillant returned to France at his request due to disagreement with the Commodore and was given command of the Santi-Petri in the Levant station.
On 17 April 1843 Vaillant married Zilia, sister of Baron André de Neuflize.
After the February Revolution of 1848 he was appointed Maritime Prefect of the 4th maritime arrondissement, where he helped restore the peace. He then became premier conseil at the admiralty. On 1 May 1849 Vaillant was promoted to commodore (contre-amiral), and on 6 August 1849 was made second in command of the 2nd Mediterranean squadron, under Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes.
Administrator
On 24 January 1851 Vaillant was appointed minister of marine.
On 10 April 1851 he was replaced by Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat.
Later in 1851 Vaillant was made governor-general of the French West Indies and commander of the naval stations in the Antilles and the Gulf of Mexico.
He then became governor of Martinique before having to return to France in 1853 due to poor health.
He was promoted to rear-admiral (vice-amiral) in 1854.
Auguste-Nicolas Vaillant died on 1 November 1858, aged 65.
Work
Voyage autour du monde execute sur la corvette la Bonite (11 vols., Paris, 1840–48).
References
Citations
Sources
1793 births
1858 deaths
French sailors
French Governors of Martinique |
"Foolish" is a song by American singer Ashanti. It served as her debut single, the first from her self-titled debut album (2002) and was released by Def Jam Recordings, AJM, and Irv Gotti's Murder Inc. Records. It was written by Ashanti, Etterlene Jordan, Mark DeBarge and Irv Gotti, while production was overseen by Gotti. The song heavily samples DeBarge's "Stay with Me". Due to the inclusion of the sample, Mark DeBarge and Etterlene Jordan are also credited as songwriters. A promotional version of the single called "Unfoolish" features a verse from The Notorious B.I.G. from his song "F--king You Tonight".
The song was released as the album's lead single on February 11, 2002. It spent ten consecutive weeks at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming Ashanti's second number one and third top ten on both charts. It is Ashanti's highest charting single as a lead artist. Elsewhere, "Foolish" became a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The song was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 2003 Grammy Awards, and won the Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single – Female. In 2009, Billboard ranked it 19th on its Hot 100 Songs of the 2000s Decade.
Composition
The song is performed in the key of C major in common time with a tempo of 89 beats per minute. It follows a chord progression of F–G, and Ashanti's vocals span from A3 to C6.
Commercial performance
"Foolish" spent 10 consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard charts and a total of 17 weeks in the top 10. It would later get ranked the second best performing single of 2002, and listed as the 132nd best single.
Music video
The filming session of the video for the single took place during January 2002. It was directed by Irv Gotti. The video shows the viewer a relationship where a man, played by Terrence Howard, gets involved into some criminal acts after telling his girlfriend [Ashanti] that he is in construction and is unfaithful to Ashanti with Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta reality star Althea, which ends up in a break-up after some quarrel. As the song suggests, Ashanti feels that she still loves her ex and that she just can't seem to get over him and becomes frusturated since her heart and her mind force her to love him and hate him at the same time. In supporting roles we can also see Charli Baltimore, Vita, Ja Rule and Irv Gotti. The video is set in the fashion of the movie Goodfellas, with Ashanti in the role of Karen Hill and Terrence Howard in the role of Henry Hill. Irv Gotti and Ja Rule are also in a scene appearing to take the roles of Jimmy Conway and Paulie Cicero. The video was a three-time nominee at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Female Video, Best R&B Video, and Best New Artist.
Track listings
European CD single
"Foolish" (radio edit) – 3:52
"Foolish" (instrumental) – 3:52
Australian and US maxi single
"Foolish" (radio edit) – 3:52
"Foolish" (album version) – 3:48
"Foolish" (instrumental) – 3:51
"Foolish" (video)
UK 5-inch CD single
"Foolish" (album version) – 3:48
"Unfoolish" (clean album version) – 3:15
"Foolish" (Topnotch Remix)
"Foolish" (video)
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Ashanti.
Instrumentation – 7 Aurelius
Mixing – Supa Engineer Duro, Irv Gotti
Production – 7 Aurelius, Irv Gotti
Songwriting – 7 Aurelius, A. Douglas, E. Jordan, I. Lorenzo, M. DeBarge
Recording – Milwaukee Buck
Recording assistance – Terry "Murda Mac" Herbert
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Release history
See also
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2002 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B singles of 2002 (U.S.)
List of best-selling singles
References
2002 debut singles
Ashanti (singer) songs
Contemporary R&B ballads
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
2000s ballads
Songs written by Ashanti (singer)
Songs written by Irv Gotti
2002 songs
Songs written by Channel 7 (musician)
Def Jam Recordings singles
Songs about infidelity |
Sonana Khetlaji is a temple of God Khetlaji located in the village Sonana of Desuri tehsil of Pali district in Indian state of Rajasthan.
Khetlaji is a native folk deity for the people of different caste and creed in the Marwar region. The temple is surrounded by a beautiful Rose garden. The devotees offer their gratitude to the deity for marriage as well as childbirth. After the Aarti, devotees take part in the thanksgiving ceremony. "Churma" is the main Prasad offered to the deity which is distributed among the devotees after offering it to deity. It is believed that the prasad should be consumed within the campus of the temple and cannot be taken outside the temple. Devotees believe that attending the aarti is the biggest blessing.
Every year on Chaitra Sudi ekam (according to Vikram Samvat), a large fair is organised for two days. Since this fair is organised after Holi festival, many Holi dancers attend in conventional and fancy dresses. More than one lakh devotees participate. The most devout come barefoot from their native places in order to receive the great blessing. They travel from 15 km to 200 km moving in groups (Sangh) for two to ten days barefoot.
There is even a cycle yatri coming from a long distance of 2500 km from Chennai, Coimbatore, Hosur (Tamil Nadu to Rajasthan) covering on cycle for a month (30 days) on the occasion of Mela.
History
Shri Sonana Khetlaji temple was found approximately 800 years ago. The temple demonstrates the beautiful art of the ancient Rajput architecture.
Folk deity Shri Khetlaji is worshipped as Lord Bhairav who is considered as the fifth incarnation of Lord Shiva. Shree Khetlaji is also known as Shri Bhairav or Shri Kshetrapaal Ji. Sonana Khetlaji temple also has an idol of a snake which is believed to be one of the forms of Shree Ketlaji. This idol is a self - manifested. Shree Khetlaji came to Mandor from Kashi. Later, he visited Sonana. It is believed that Lord Bhairav used to protect the sages who were meditating in the Aravalli hill range. Lord Bhairav made his abode in one of the caves which were located at Sonana Khetlaji. Hence, it became his permanent abode and people started worshipping him at this place.
Festivals and Fairs
Every year on Chaitra Sudi ekam, a fair is held for two days in the honor of Shri Khetlaji. This fair is organized immediately after Holi. Thousands of devotees participate in this fair. The devotees visit the temple on barefoot in order to receive the great blessings.
However, it is the hundreds of horses at the fair that steal the show. Thoroughbred and well-trained 'Marwari' horses perform different skills and even dance to the rhythms of musical instruments much to the amazement of the visitors.
Access
By Road: Bus services are available from other major cities of Rajasthan. Desuri is the nearest bus stand.
By Train: The nearest railway station is Rani railway station.
By Air: The nearby airport is located at Udaipur.
References
External links
Sonana Khetlaji Fair
Location
Hindu temples in Rajasthan
Villages in Pali district |
Kevin Casey (1976 – 3 January 2017) was an Irish radio presenter, who primarily worked for WLR FM.
Personal life
Casey was born in Killarney, County Kerry, and played for Glenflesk GAA. He died on 3 January 2017 of cancer. He had a wife and three children. His death was announced by WLR FM on 4 January 2017.
Career
Casey worked primarily as a broadcaster for WLR FM, although he also worked as a freelancer for Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Newstalk 106 and Today FM. He covered the 1999 Rugby World Cup for RTE and The Irish World newspaper. He worked for two years as a sports editor for Radio Kerry, and later, in 2008, became the sports editor for WLR FM. In 2010, he won the GAA MacNamee award, named after Pádraig MacNamee, for his documentary on Waterford GAA's win at the 1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. He also won the 2015 GAA MacNamee Award for Best GAA Related Radio Programme. His WLR FM documentary was on Maurice Shanahan, who had retired from GAA after suffering from depression, but had returned to win the 2015 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. In October 2016, the documentary also won a PPI National Radio Award.
References
1976 births
2017 deaths
Irish radio presenters
People from Killarney
Glenflesk Gaelic footballers
Deaths from cancer in Ireland
Broadcasters from County Kerry |
All Guts, No Glory is the fifth full-length album by death metal band Exhumed, and the first since their 2010 reformation. It was released on July 5, 2011, by Relapse Records. Dane Prokofiev of PopMatters said the album is capable of "reminding you why Exhumed were and will continue to be revered as the gods of gore-themed death metal." The last album to feature bassist Leon del Muerte and guitarist Wes Caley and the only one to feature drummer Danny Walker.
Background
In an interview conducted shortly after announcing that Exhumed would reform, founding member Matt Harvey remarked, "After a few years off and away from the death metal scene, I feel rejuvenated and ready to hack, maim and kill once again. I wanted this to be a continuation of what the band was doing and was on its way to doing, not a reunion or some weird nostalgia thing."
During Exhumed's five-year hiatus, Harvey had "barely played" death metal or grindcore. As a result, when the band reformed, he had to re-learn his songwriting style. According to Harvey, "I sat down one night, cracked open many a beer and listened to stuff from the entire history of the band."
In 2010, the band recorded All Guts, No Glory. The album line-up was Matt Harvey on guitars and high vocals, Leon del Muerte on bass and low vocals, Wes Caley on guitar and Danny Walker on drums. The musical approach taken on All Guts, No Glory was, according to Harvey, intentionally based on the band members' favoured elements of previous Exhumed records: "We all agreed that the period of Exhumed we liked the best was Slaughtercult and wanted to mix that with the technicality and melody of Anatomy." However, it was Harvey's desire not to "do anything quite as conceptual or heady as Anatomy."
In keeping with the desire to diminish the tightly regimented approach of Anatomy Is Destiny, a more "raw and spontaneous" approach was taken with respect to recording the album. "We let shit slide with the guitars that would have been edited on Anatomy," commented Harvey. "We left vocal takes that might not be quite as on-time as they could be, simply to keep the vibe of the song intact...It wasn't a case of contrived regression, but of not over-thinking things."
Reception
All Guts, No Glory was generally well-received, with most critics observing that the album stepped away from the technicality of the previous studio album, Anatomy Is Destiny. Thom Jurek of Allmusic wrote, "while not returning to the band's gore-grind demo era of yore, [All Guts, No Glory] is a more stripped-to-the-bone and go-straight-for-the-entrails outing than 2003's Anatomy Is Destiny". However, Joe Reviled of Metal Underground wrote that the album is not a simple return to the looser performance of Gore Metal, noting, "the music is dense and overwhelming, but precise, revelling purely in the blood-soaked insanity."
In 2012, Decibel Magazine ranked All Guts, No Glory at No. 91 on their Top 100 Death Metal Albums of All Time list.
Track listing
Personnel
Matt Harvey – guitars, vocals
Leon del Muerte – bass, vocals
Danny Walker – drums
Wes Caley – guitars
Production
Ryan Butler – engineering
John Haddad – engineering
Brian Elliott – mastering, mixing
Matthew F. Jacobson – executive production
Sawa – photography
Orion Landau – cover art
References
2011 albums
Exhumed (band) albums
Relapse Records albums |
Commiphora saxicola, also known as rock corkwood, is a shrub species in the genus Commiphora endemic to, and protected in, Namibia. It grows on rock slopes and in gravel plains in an area reaching from the Kunene River south to Helmeringhausen.
The rock corkwood is known in local languages as , , and . The resin of the shrub smells sweet and is used as a thirst suppressant by the Topnaar people. The fruit is edible.
References
External links
Fruits originating in Africa
Endemic flora of Namibia
saxicola
Taxa named by Adolf Engler |
C. Ferdinand Sybert (September 16, 1900 – March 29, 1982) was Attorney General of Maryland from 1954 to 1961, and a justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1961 to 1965.
Born in Loretto, Pennsylvania, to Pius A. Sybert, a grocer, and Anna Marie (Haid) Sybert, the family moved to Elkridge, Maryland, in 1902. Sybert "attended parochial schools in Elkridge and Baltimore", then received an A.B. from Loyola College of Baltimore in 1922, followed by an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1925. While in law school, Sybert worked as a reporter for the Baltimore News-Post. He gained admission to the bar in Maryland in 1925.
In 1926, he ran unsuccessfully for a position as state's attorney, losing the Democratic primary. He won that office in 1934, and was re-elected in 1938 and 1942. In 1946, Sybert was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, and due to his support of the candidacy of Governor William Preston Lane Jr., was made speaker. He was elected attorney general of the state in 1954, and reelected in 1958.
Governor J. Millard Tawes appointed Sybert to a newly established seat on the court of appeals, to which Sybert was sworn in on January 13, 1961.
Personal life and death
Sybert married Elizabeth J. Johnson, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.
He died in Ellicott City, Maryland, at the age of 81, and was interred at St. Augustine Cemetery, Elkridge, Howard County.
References
Maryland Attorneys General
Judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals
1900 births
1982 deaths
Loyola University Maryland alumni
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law alumni
Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates |
Irene de Peyré or Irene Oliveros de Peyré (October 20, 1873 in Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala – June 28, 1968 in Guatemala City, Guatemala) was a Guatemalan educator and feminist. She attended the teacher's training school, Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén In 1920, she established La Alianza Francesa de Guatemala to preserve the culture of French Guatemalans and in 1921, in order promote learning she established the Liceo Francés.
In 1930, she was Guatemala's delegate to the Inter-American Commission of Women, which at that time was involved in the preparation of a massive volume evaluating the effects of marriage on women's citizenship. In 1944, she joined with a group of women including Angelina Acuña de Castañeda, Berta Corleto, Elisa Hall de Asturias, Gloria Méndez Mina de Padilla, Rosa de Mora, and Graciela Quan to form the Unión Femenina Guatemalteca Pro-ciudadanía (Union of Guatemalan Women for Citizenship) favoring recognition of their civil rights, including suffrage for literate women. After the Guatemalan 1944 coup d'état the new Constitution, promulgated on 1 March 1945 granted the right to vote to all literate citizens, including women.
In 1951, when the Jesuits were unable to begin a school due to the government's anti-parochial school policy, Oliveros de Peyré, brought them under the umbrella of the French school for their mutual benefit—the Jesuits were able to secure a school and Oliveros de Peyré was able to secure a boys' section. The school opened in 1952 as Liceo Francés Sección de Varones and by the mid-1950s had changed its name to Liceo Javier.
Awards
In 1958, she was awarded the Order of the Quetzal for her service to the country.
References
1873 births
1968 deaths
Guatemalan academics
Guatemalan feminists
People from Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala
Guatemalan suffragists |
```go
package server
import (
"encoding/json"
"net/http"
"text/template"
)
// ValidTextTemplateRequest is the request json for validation
type ValidTextTemplateRequest struct {
Template string `json:"template"`
}
// ValidateTextTemplate will validate the template string
func (s *Service) ValidateTextTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
var req ValidTextTemplateRequest
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
invalidJSON(w, s.Logger)
return
}
_, err := template.New("test_template").Parse(req.Template)
if err != nil {
Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error(), s.Logger)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
}
``` |
```perl
require Test::Simple;
push @INC, 't/lib';
require Test::Simple::Catch;
my($out, $err) = Test::Simple::Catch::caught();
Test::Simple->import(tests => 5);
require Dev::Null;
tie *STDERR, 'Dev::Null';
ok(1);
ok(1);
ok(1);
ok(1);
ok(1);
$! = 0;
die "This is a test";
``` |
The Cathedral of Burgo de Osma is a Roman Catholic church located in El Burgo de Osma, central Spain. It is in the Gothic architectural style, and was constructed on an area previously occupied by a Romanesque church. It is one of the best preserved medieval buildings in the country, and considered one of the best examples of thirteenth-century gothic architecture in Spain. The building of the church started in 1232, and was completed in 1784. The cloister is from 1512. The tower is from 1739.
The cathedral is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary.
It is the seat of the Bishop of Osma
Museum
The cathedral museum is home to several items of religious art. Among them is a Commentary on the Apocalypse from 1086.
Shroud of San Pedro de Osma
The Shroud of San Pedro de Osma is a magnificent piece of 12th-century silk, measuring about 50 by 43 centimetres. Found in the Cathedral of Burgo de Osma within the tomb of San Pedro de Osma, it was used in the burial process to wrap the bones of San Pedro de Osma, a bishop who died in 1109. The textile is adorned with gold wrapped thread and decorated with inscriptions, roundels, mirrored images of lions with harpies on their backs, and griffins flanking kneeling men. The silk shroud contains a type of mirrored inscription formation called muthanna, which means doubled in Arabic. The inscription, located within the smaller roundels, states: “This is among the things made at Baghdad, may God protect it!”
While the inscription states that the silk textile was made in Baghdad, and similarly-decorated textiles were surely made there, specific elements of the piece suggest it was made in southern Spain. The spelling of certain words in the inscription is suggestive of the western Islamic lands, and the distinctive lampas weave and the method of interlacing the golden thread are likewise more indicative of textile production in the west. The shroud was also formed in a 2-2-4 formation of warps, a characteristic which denotes a Spanish origin. Accordingly, the specific elements of the shroud are more consistent with silk pieces made in southern Spain. Some scholars have concluded that during the 11th and 12th centuries, imitating Islamic designs and declaring that they were of Islamic origin must have been a relatively common occurrence in Spain at the time.
The shroud is now part of the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, after being purchased in 1933.
References
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1784
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain
Burgo de Osma
Churches in Castile and León
Gothic architecture in Castile and León
Buildings and structures in the Province of Soria |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.forms.form.renderer;
import com.itextpdf.forms.PdfAcroForm;
import com.itextpdf.forms.exceptions.FormsExceptionMessageConstant;
import com.itextpdf.forms.fields.PdfButtonFormField;
import com.itextpdf.forms.fields.PdfFormAnnotation;
import com.itextpdf.forms.fields.PdfFormCreator;
import com.itextpdf.forms.fields.RadioFormFieldBuilder;
import com.itextpdf.forms.form.FormProperty;
import com.itextpdf.forms.form.element.Radio;
import com.itextpdf.forms.util.BorderStyleUtil;
import com.itextpdf.forms.util.DrawingUtil;
import com.itextpdf.forms.util.FormFieldRendererUtil;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.colors.Color;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.colors.ColorConstants;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.exceptions.PdfException;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.geom.Rectangle;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfPage;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.canvas.CanvasArtifact;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.canvas.PdfCanvas;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.tagutils.TagTreePointer;
import com.itextpdf.layout.borders.Border;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Paragraph;
import com.itextpdf.layout.layout.LayoutContext;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.Background;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.BorderRadius;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.BoxSizingPropertyValue;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.HorizontalAlignment;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.Property;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.UnitValue;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.VerticalAlignment;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.DrawContext;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.IRenderer;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.ParagraphRenderer;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* The {@link AbstractFormFieldRenderer} implementation for radio buttons.
*/
public class RadioRenderer extends AbstractFormFieldRenderer {
private static final Color DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR = ColorConstants.BLACK;
private static final float DEFAULT_SIZE = 8.25f; // 11px
private static final HorizontalAlignment DEFAULT_HORIZONTAL_ALIGNMENT = HorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
private static final VerticalAlignment DEFAULT_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT = VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE;
/**
* Creates a new {@link RadioRenderer} instance.
*
* @param modelElement the model element
*/
public RadioRenderer(Radio modelElement) {
super(modelElement);
setProperty(Property.VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT, VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public IRenderer getNextRenderer() {
return new RadioRenderer((Radio) modelElement);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @param drawContext {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void drawBorder(DrawContext drawContext) {
// Do not draw borders here, they will be drawn in flat renderer
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @param drawContext {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void drawBackground(DrawContext drawContext) {
// Do not draw a background here, it will be drawn in flat renderer
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @param rect {@inheritDoc}
* @param borders {@inheritDoc}
* @param reverse {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected Rectangle applyBorderBox(Rectangle rect, Border[] borders, boolean reverse) {
// Do not apply borders here, they will be applied in flat renderer
return rect;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected IRenderer createFlatRenderer() {
UnitValue heightUV = getPropertyAsUnitValue(Property.HEIGHT);
UnitValue widthUV = getPropertyAsUnitValue(Property.WIDTH);
final float height = null == heightUV ? DEFAULT_SIZE : heightUV.getValue();
final float width = null == widthUV ? DEFAULT_SIZE : widthUV.getValue();
final float size = Math.min(height, width);
// Set size to current renderer
setProperty(Property.HEIGHT, UnitValue.createPointValue(height));
setProperty(Property.WIDTH, UnitValue.createPointValue(width));
Paragraph paragraph = new Paragraph()
.setWidth(size)
.setHeight(size)
.setHorizontalAlignment(DEFAULT_HORIZONTAL_ALIGNMENT)
.setVerticalAlignment(DEFAULT_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT)
.setMargin(0);
paragraph.setProperty(Property.BOX_SIZING, this.<BoxSizingPropertyValue>getProperty(Property.BOX_SIZING));
paragraph.setBorder(this.<Border>getProperty(Property.BORDER));
paragraph.setProperty(Property.BACKGROUND, this.<Background>getProperty(Property.BACKGROUND));
paragraph.setBorderRadius(new BorderRadius(UnitValue.createPercentValue(50)));
return new FlatParagraphRenderer(paragraph);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected void adjustFieldLayout(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
// We don't need any adjustments (even default ones) for radio button.
}
/**
* Defines whether the radio is checked or not.
*
* @return the default value of the radio field
*/
public boolean isBoxChecked() {
return Boolean.TRUE.equals(this.<Boolean>getProperty(FormProperty.FORM_FIELD_CHECKED));
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected void applyAcroField(DrawContext drawContext) {
PdfDocument doc = drawContext.getDocument();
PdfAcroForm form = PdfFormCreator.getAcroForm(doc, true);
Rectangle area = flatRenderer.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().clone();
final Map<Integer, Object> properties = FormFieldRendererUtil.removeProperties(this.modelElement);
PdfPage page = doc.getPage(occupiedArea.getPageNumber());
String groupName = this.<String>getProperty(FormProperty.FORM_FIELD_RADIO_GROUP_NAME);
if (groupName == null || groupName.isEmpty()) {
throw new PdfException(FormsExceptionMessageConstant.EMPTY_RADIO_GROUP_NAME);
}
PdfButtonFormField radioGroup = (PdfButtonFormField) form.getField(groupName);
if (null == radioGroup) {
radioGroup = new RadioFormFieldBuilder(doc, groupName)
.setConformanceLevel(getConformanceLevel(doc))
.createRadioGroup();
radioGroup.disableFieldRegeneration();
radioGroup.setValue(PdfFormAnnotation.OFF_STATE_VALUE);
} else {
radioGroup.disableFieldRegeneration();
}
if (isBoxChecked()) {
radioGroup.setValue(getModelId());
}
PdfFormAnnotation radio = new RadioFormFieldBuilder(doc, null)
.setConformanceLevel(getConformanceLevel(doc))
.createRadioButton(getModelId(), area);
radio.disableFieldRegeneration();
Background background = this.<Background>getProperty(Property.BACKGROUND);
if (background != null) {
radio.setBackgroundColor(background.getColor());
}
BorderStyleUtil.applyBorderProperty(this, radio);
radio.setFormFieldElement((Radio) modelElement);
radioGroup.addKid(radio);
radioGroup.enableFieldRegeneration();
applyAccessibilityProperties(radioGroup, doc);
form.addField(radioGroup, page);
FormFieldRendererUtil.reapplyProperties(this.modelElement, properties);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
protected boolean isLayoutBasedOnFlatRenderer() {
return false;
}
private boolean isDrawCircledBorder() {
return Boolean.TRUE.equals(this.<Boolean>getProperty(FormProperty.FORM_FIELD_RADIO_BORDER_CIRCLE));
}
private class FlatParagraphRenderer extends ParagraphRenderer {
public FlatParagraphRenderer(Paragraph modelElement) {
super(modelElement);
}
@Override
public void drawChildren(DrawContext drawContext) {
if (!isBoxChecked()) {
// Nothing to draw
return;
}
PdfCanvas canvas = drawContext.getCanvas();
boolean isTaggingEnabled = drawContext.isTaggingEnabled();
if (isTaggingEnabled) {
TagTreePointer tp = drawContext.getDocument().getTagStructureContext().getAutoTaggingPointer();
canvas.openTag(tp.getTagReference());
}
Rectangle rectangle = getOccupiedArea().getBBox().clone();
Border border = this.<Border>getProperty(Property.BORDER);
if (border != null) {
rectangle.applyMargins(border.getWidth(), border.getWidth(), border.getWidth(), border.getWidth(),
false);
}
final float radius = Math.min(rectangle.getWidth(), rectangle.getHeight()) / 2;
canvas.saveState();
canvas.setFillColor(DEFAULT_CHECKED_COLOR);
DrawingUtil.drawCircle(
canvas, rectangle.getLeft() + radius, rectangle.getBottom() + radius, radius / 2);
canvas.restoreState();
if (isTaggingEnabled) {
canvas.closeTag();
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @param drawContext {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void drawBorder(DrawContext drawContext) {
Border border = getBorders()[0];
if (border == null || !isDrawCircledBorder()) {
super.drawBorder(drawContext);
return;
}
// TODO: DEVSIX-7425 - Remove the following workaround once the ticket is fixed.
// The rounded border/background is drawn lousy. It's not an exact circle for border radius 50%.
// That is why we draw a real circle here by default
final float borderWidth = border.getWidth();
if (borderWidth > 0 && border.getColor() != null) {
Rectangle rectangle = getOccupiedArea().getBBox().clone();
rectangle.applyMargins(borderWidth, borderWidth, borderWidth, borderWidth, false);
final float cx = rectangle.getX() + rectangle.getWidth() / 2;
final float cy = rectangle.getY() + rectangle.getHeight() / 2;
final float r = (Math.min(rectangle.getWidth(), rectangle.getHeight()) + borderWidth) / 2;
final boolean isTaggingEnabled = drawContext.isTaggingEnabled();
final PdfCanvas canvas = drawContext.getCanvas();
if (isTaggingEnabled){
canvas.openTag(new CanvasArtifact());
}
canvas.setStrokeColor(border.getColor())
.setLineWidth(borderWidth)
.circle(cx, cy, r)
.stroke();
if (isTaggingEnabled){
canvas.closeTag();
}
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @param drawContext {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void drawBackground(DrawContext drawContext) {
Border border = getBorders()[0];
if (border == null || !isDrawCircledBorder()) {
super.drawBackground(drawContext);
return;
}
// TODO: DEVSIX-7425 - Remove the following workaround once the ticket is fixed.
// The rounded border/background is drawn lousy. It's not an exact circle for border radius 50%.
// That is why we draw a real circle here by default
// Draw a circle
final float borderWidth = border.getWidth();
Background background = this.<Background>getProperty(Property.BACKGROUND);
final Color backgroundColor = background == null ? null : background.getColor();
if (backgroundColor != null) {
Rectangle rectangle = getOccupiedArea().getBBox().clone();
rectangle.applyMargins(borderWidth, borderWidth, borderWidth, borderWidth, false);
final float cx = rectangle.getX() + rectangle.getWidth() / 2;
final float cy = rectangle.getY() + rectangle.getHeight() / 2;
final float r = (Math.min(rectangle.getWidth(), rectangle.getHeight()) + borderWidth) / 2;
final boolean isTaggingEnabled = drawContext.isTaggingEnabled();
final PdfCanvas canvas = drawContext.getCanvas();
if (isTaggingEnabled){
canvas.openTag(new CanvasArtifact());
}
canvas.setFillColor(backgroundColor)
.circle(cx, cy, r)
.fill();
if (isTaggingEnabled){
canvas.closeTag();
}
}
}
}
}
``` |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Contactcenterinsights;
class your_sha256_hashanscriptSegment extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'words';
/**
* @var int
*/
public $channelTag;
/**
* @var float
*/
public $confidence;
protected $dialogflowSegmentMetadataType = your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentDialogflowSegmentMetadata::class;
protected $dialogflowSegmentMetadataDataType = '';
/**
* @var string
*/
public $languageCode;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $messageTime;
protected $segmentParticipantType = GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1ConversationParticipant::class;
protected $segmentParticipantDataType = '';
protected $sentimentType = GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1SentimentData::class;
protected $sentimentDataType = '';
/**
* @var string
*/
public $text;
protected $wordsType = your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentWordInfo::class;
protected $wordsDataType = 'array';
/**
* @param int
*/
public function setChannelTag($channelTag)
{
$this->channelTag = $channelTag;
}
/**
* @return int
*/
public function getChannelTag()
{
return $this->channelTag;
}
/**
* @param float
*/
public function setConfidence($confidence)
{
$this->confidence = $confidence;
}
/**
* @return float
*/
public function getConfidence()
{
return $this->confidence;
}
/**
* @param your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentDialogflowSegmentMetadata
*/
public function setDialogflowSegmentMetadata(your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentDialogflowSegmentMetadata $dialogflowSegmentMetadata)
{
$this->dialogflowSegmentMetadata = $dialogflowSegmentMetadata;
}
/**
* @return your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentDialogflowSegmentMetadata
*/
public function getDialogflowSegmentMetadata()
{
return $this->dialogflowSegmentMetadata;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setLanguageCode($languageCode)
{
$this->languageCode = $languageCode;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getLanguageCode()
{
return $this->languageCode;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setMessageTime($messageTime)
{
$this->messageTime = $messageTime;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getMessageTime()
{
return $this->messageTime;
}
/**
* @param GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1ConversationParticipant
*/
public function setSegmentParticipant(GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1ConversationParticipant $segmentParticipant)
{
$this->segmentParticipant = $segmentParticipant;
}
/**
* @return GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1ConversationParticipant
*/
public function getSegmentParticipant()
{
return $this->segmentParticipant;
}
/**
* @param GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1SentimentData
*/
public function setSentiment(GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1SentimentData $sentiment)
{
$this->sentiment = $sentiment;
}
/**
* @return GoogleCloudContactcenterinsightsV1alpha1SentimentData
*/
public function getSentiment()
{
return $this->sentiment;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setText($text)
{
$this->text = $text;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getText()
{
return $this->text;
}
/**
* @param your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentWordInfo[]
*/
public function setWords($words)
{
$this->words = $words;
}
/**
* @return your_sha256_hashanscriptSegmentWordInfo[]
*/
public function getWords()
{
return $this->words;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(your_sha256_hashanscriptSegment::class, your_sha256_hashightsV1alpha1ConversationTranscriptTranscriptSegment');
``` |
```java
Using `static` fields
Utility classes and `static` methods
Using inner classes
Compare classes and not class names
Diamond Operator
``` |
The Bear Creek School is a preschool through grade twelve private school in Redmond, Washington. Educating around 840 students, the school is a non-denominational Christian religious school, focusing on college preparation. It was established in 1988. The head of school is Patrick Carruth. As of 2020, school review website Niche ranks The Bear Creek School as the best Christian high school, third best private K-12 school, and seventh best college prep private high schools in Washington state.
Campuses
The Bear Creek School has three campuses in Redmond, Washington. The main campus houses lower school, early middle school, and middle school. The second, or valley, campus houses preschool and pre-k. The third campus or upper campus houses upper school.
Academics
In profiles of the school, The Bear Creek School was one of 50 private schools nationwide selected in the 2014 Blue Ribbon School of Excellence and the only school in the State of Washington, public or private, recognized by U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan.
The Bear Creek School is accredited by the Northwest Commission of Colleges and Universities and the Northwest Association of Independent Schools. The school is also a member of the Association of Christian Schools International.
Despite being a small school, Bear Creek students have had consistent successes in the National Merit Scholarship competition:
2002: one National Merit semifinalist.
2003: three National Merit semifinalists.
2005: two National Merit semifinalists.
2006: four National Merit semifinalists.
2007: two National Merit semifinalists.
2008: two National Merit semifinalists.
2009: one National Merit semifinalist.
2010: one National Merit semifinalist.
2011: three National Merit semifinalists
2012: three National Merit semifinalists
2013: three National Merit semifinalists
2014: one National Merit semifinalist
2015: three National Merit semifinalists
Athletics
The school is a member of the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association (WIAA), participating as a member of the Emerald City 1A League and the CrossTown Middle School League. In 2014, The Bear Creek School opted up to the 1A classification. Numerous teams have won academic state titles.
Performances of note:
Basketball
In 2007, Will Sanger walked on to the University of Tulsa basketball team, which competes in Division I (NCAA).
The boys' varsity basketball team took fifth in 2008 and 2010 and third in 2011 and 2014 in the WIAA 2B boys' basketball state tournament.
Golf
Marianne Banton placed second in the Class 1A/B state girls' golf tournament in 2004 and first in 2005. In 2007, Sydney Conway won the Class 2B/1B golf girls' individual title.
In 2011, The varsity boys' golf team won the 2B/1B state tournament.
In 2018, freshman Tiger Liu won the inaugural state Long Drive Competition, with a record distance of 370 yards.
Soccer
In 2006, the varsity boys' soccer team won the 1B/2B state soccer championship over Northwest Christian in a penalty kick shoot out. The team also took second place in 2009.
In 2011, the Varsity Girls' Soccer team won the 1B/2B state soccer championship in a penalty kick shootout.
In 2012, the Lady Grizzlies became the first 1B/2B soccer program to win Back-to-Back state championships. They beat Napavine High School 4-0 in the State Title game.
In 2013 the Lady Grizzlies once again made it to the Girls' Soccer 1B/2B State Title Game, however falling 0-1 to underdog Crosspoint Academy.
Tennis
In 2009, freshman Jacob Imam won the 1A/2B/1B state singles tennis title. In 2010, he and senior Jamie Meyer placed second in the 1A/2B/1B state doubles tennis championships.
Track & Field
In 2009, freshman Madelyn Magee placed second in the 2B state high jump competition; in 2010 2011, and 2012 she placed first. In the 2010 and 2012 outdoor seasons, she recorded the highest jump for high school girls in any division in the state. She signed with Columbia University.
Other Sports
Student Cara Linnenkohl took sixth place in the women's pair final at the FISA World Rowing Junior Championships in Beijing in 2007, and second in the single in 2008 in Austria.
Student Kimi Pohlman signed with the University of Washington in November 2007 to play softball for the Huskies. Along with her accomplishments in softball, Pohlman also excelled in track, soccer, and basketball.
History
1988 - School founded by Drs. Nancy and William Price on the campus of Bear Creek Community Church, Woodinville, WA.
2000 - Redmond Campus is opened.
2005 - School acquires new Valley Campus to start a new K-6 campus, after leaving former Woodinville campus.
2006 - Nancy Price resigns from her position as the head of school to pursue mission work in Africa.
2006 - Karen Beman is appointed Interim Head of School.
2007 - The Board of Directors announces Patrick B. Carruth as the new head of school from July 1, 2007.
2015 -Upper school campus opens.
School symbols
The school's original crest displays four symbols surrounding a cross: a book and pen signifying the arts; an atom, the sciences; a winged shoe, athletics; and an honor torch, personal character. Above the crest is the Latin motto of the School, Credo Ut Intelligam, which means, "I believe so that I may understand." A more recently updated crest shows a cross and a path. The cross represents the school's Christian foundation, while the path represents the path of life.
The motto, chosen by the founders, is traceable to St. Anselm and St. Augustine before him.
Notable faculty
Stephen C. Meyer, vice president of the Discovery Institute, is a former board member.
References
External links
Official site
Private elementary schools in Washington (state)
Private middle schools in Washington (state)
High schools in King County, Washington
Educational institutions established in 1988
Schools in Redmond, Washington
Private high schools in Washington (state)
Preparatory schools in Washington (state)
1988 establishments in Washington (state) |
Sandra Lee Bartky (née Schwartz; May 5, 1935 – October 17, 2016) was a professor of philosophy and gender studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Her main research areas were feminism and phenomenology. Her notable contributions to the field of feminist philosophy include the article, "Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness". Sandra Lee Bartky died on October 17, 2016, at her home in Saugatuck, Michigan at age 81.
Education
Bartky held a BA, MA and PhD from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and studied at University of Bonn, University of Munich, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In 1997, Bartky received an honorary degree, Doctor of Humanities, from New England College.
Career
Sandra Lee Bartky published a book entitled Femininity and Domination which contains one of her most quoted works, "Foucault, Femininity and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power".
In 1971 Bartky also helped found the Gender and Women's Studies Program for the University of Illinois (Chicago) and the Society for Women in Philosophy.
Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power
Feminist Sandra Lee Bartky wrote an article, “Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power” in 1988, detailing societally accepted “norms” for a woman's body and behavior and makes the point that women are often judged for their size and shape because their bodies reflect their personality and nature. Using this information, she explains her idea that the “ideal body of femininity is constructed” and states that this perfect woman reflects the cultural obsessions and preoccupations of that society.
Bartky explains that the body of the ideal female varies with time and is dependent on culture. In today's society, the ideal body is one that is “taut, small-breasted, narrow-hipped, and of a slimness bordering on emaciation” or that of a newly pubescent girl. This look of fragility and lack of muscular strength allows women to have an image of powerlessness, obedience, and subservience to men. They are expected to follow a strict diet, monitor their hunger to maintain their size and shape, exercise to “build the breasts and banish cellulite” and “spot-reduce problem areas” such as thick ankles or thighs. Along with body image, women are also expected to participate in behaviors that allow them to maintain this image. Women are expected to always have soft, supple, hairless, and smooth skin, worry about their beauty, be hesitant to extend their body, have a graceful gait and a restricted posture, always avert their eyes, and appear small with hands folded and legs pressed together when they are sitting. “Under the current ‘tyranny of slenderness’ women are forbidden to become large or massive; they must take up as little space as possible.”
Using all these rules, Bartky argues that “femininity is something in which virtually every woman is required to participate” and if women don't follow this strict methodology and violate these norms, they become “loose women.” She states that because the difference between men and women is not at all just sexual difference, femininity is constructed and by doing that society created a “practiced and subjected body on which an inferior status has been inscribed.” All these rules for the ideal feminine body reflect society's obsession with keeping women in check so that men can appear more powerful. Bartky concludes that "The ... project of femininity is a "setup": it requires such radical and extensive measures of bodily transformation that virtually every woman who gives herself to it is destined in some degree to fail."
Feminist Involvement
In 1977, Bartky became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.
Published works
Books
Chapters in books
Journal articles
External links
Quotes by Sandra Bartky.
Sandra Lee Bartky Papers - Pembroke Center Archives, Brown University
References
1935 births
2016 deaths
Feminist philosophers
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
University of Bonn alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
People from Saugatuck, Michigan |
William Luther Moore (March 31, 1851 – November 14, 1926) was an American politician who twice served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Tazewell County.
References
External links
1851 births
1926 deaths
Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
People from Tazewell, Virginia |
```java
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
package org.chromium.chrome.browser.bookmarks;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Checkable;
import org.chromium.base.VisibleForTesting;
import org.chromium.components.bookmarks.BookmarkId;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Container for all bookmark items shown in bookmark manager.
*/
public class BookmarkRecyclerView extends RecyclerView implements BookmarkUIObserver {
private BookmarkDelegate mDelegate;
private View mEmptyView;
/**
* Constructs a new instance of bookmark recycler view.
*/
public BookmarkRecyclerView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(context));
setHasFixedSize(true);
}
/**
* Sets the view to be shown if there are no items in adapter.
*/
void setEmptyView(View emptyView) {
mEmptyView = emptyView;
}
// RecyclerView implementation
@Override
public void setAdapter(final Adapter adapter) {
super.setAdapter(adapter);
adapter.registerAdapterDataObserver(new AdapterDataObserver() {
@Override
public void onChanged() {
super.onChanged();
updateEmptyViewVisibility(adapter);
}
@Override
public void onItemRangeInserted(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
super.onItemRangeInserted(positionStart, itemCount);
updateEmptyViewVisibility(adapter);
}
@Override
public void onItemRangeRemoved(int positionStart, int itemCount) {
super.onItemRangeRemoved(positionStart, itemCount);
updateEmptyViewVisibility(adapter);
}
});
updateEmptyViewVisibility(adapter);
}
@VisibleForTesting
@Override
public BookmarkItemsAdapter getAdapter() {
return (BookmarkItemsAdapter) super.getAdapter();
}
/**
* Unlike ListView or GridView, RecyclerView does not provide default empty
* view implementation. We need to check it ourselves.
*/
private void updateEmptyViewVisibility(Adapter adapter) {
mEmptyView.setVisibility(adapter.getItemCount() == 0 ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
}
// BookmarkUIObserver implementations
@Override
public void onBookmarkDelegateInitialized(BookmarkDelegate delegate) {
mDelegate = delegate;
mDelegate.addUIObserver(this);
BookmarkItemsAdapter adapter = new BookmarkItemsAdapter(getContext());
adapter.onBookmarkDelegateInitialized(mDelegate);
setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mDelegate.removeUIObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void onFolderStateSet(BookmarkId folder) {
scrollToPosition(0);
}
@Override
public void onSelectionStateChange(List<BookmarkId> selectedBookmarks) {
if (!mDelegate.getSelectionDelegate().isSelectionEnabled()) {
for (int i = 0; i < getLayoutManager().getChildCount(); ++i) {
View child = getLayoutManager().getChildAt(i);
if (child instanceof Checkable) ((Checkable) child).setChecked(false);
}
}
}
@VisibleForTesting
public BookmarkDelegate getDelegateForTesting() {
return mDelegate;
}
}
``` |
Henry J. Kaiser High School is a small to medium-sized high school located at 11155 Almond Avenue in Fontana, California. Kaiser High is one of five comprehensive high schools within Fontana Unified School District. The school is named after renowned American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, who founded the famous Kaiser Steel Mill, which helped to revolutionize the city of Fontana.
The school was established in 1998. As of 2023, the principal is Christopher Hollister. Kaiser High School has been experimenting recently with small learning communities.
Demographics
As of 2013, the student population was 84.5% Hispanic, 5.1% White/Non-Hispanic, 6.8% of African American, 1.4% Asian, 1.1% Filipino, .3% American Indian or Alaskan Native, .3% Pacific Islander, and .5% other or not specified ethnic backgrounds.
Athletics
Football
Kaiser High School is known for its successful football program under coach Dick Bruich. Under his supervision, he led Kaiser Football to one state championship, two CIF championships, one CIF runner-up award, two CIF semi-final appearances, eight Sunkist League titles, and eight consecutive playoff berths, before retiring in 2009.
In 2006 Lonyae Miller was a standout on the football team, chosen as All-CIF Southern Section at running back and named the Sunkist League Offensive MVP. Miller later attended Fresno State and is now a professional player in the NFL.
As of 2014 the football team were back-to-back Sunkist League champions. In 2012, the Kaiser Football team made it to the SS-CIF championship, where they defeated Rancho Verde to claim the 2012 CIF Central Division Championship Title.
Student activities
Catamount Pride Marching Band & Color Guard
Kaiser High School is home to the Catamount Pride Marching Band and Color Guard. In 2008, and most recently 2014, the band won the sweepstakes at the Azusa Golden Days Parade. They've also won sweepstakes in the Riverside King Band Review, 2nd place in the Chino Band Review, 10,000 dollars at the LA County Fair, sweepstakes and music award in the Ganesha Band Review, and 1st place in the Arcadia Band Review.
The Kaiser Catamount Pride Marching Band hosted the first annual Kaiser Band Review September 26, 2009.
In 2019, the band participated in the 2019 Rose Parade with Grand Marshal Chaka Khan in the opening show.
Kaiser Artistic and Theatrical Society
Kaiser Artistic and Theatrical Society, known as "K.A.T.S. Productions", is the name of the drama club at Henry J. Kaiser High. The club is responsible for producing the school theatrical productions each year. In addition, the club engages in other theatrical activities, like improvisational workshops and field trips to see professional productions. The club includes an active troupe of the International Thespian Society, number 6721.
Shows performed at Kaiser High School include:
Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, The Devil and Daniel Webster, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Harvey, Annie Get Your Gun, Picnic, Little Shop of Horrors, Arsenic and Old Lace, Into the Woods, Little Women, Once Upon A Mattress, The Mousetrap, A Christmas Story, Once On This Island, Fools, A Christmas Carol, Seussical the Musical, Twelve Angry Men, Taming of the Shrew, West Side Story, The Diviners, Hamlet, Midsummer/Jersey, Spoon River Anthology, Romeo and Juliet, Fame, Alice, Rent, Julius Caesar, Les Misérables, The Winter's Tale, Legally Blonde, Peter and the Starcatcher, Lazarus Rising, 1984, Alice in Wonderland, The Laramie Project, The Addams Family, Titus Andronicus, Twelfth Night, Little Women, Bridge to Terabithia, The Wizard of Oz, A Piece of My Heart, and The Crucible.
Awards
4 CIF Football Championship(2003,2004,2012, and 2018)
1 CIF Softball Championship(2012)
Inland Empire Team of the Decade for football(Sunkist league champions 2001–2011)
2nd Place at SCSBOA 35th Annual Chino Invitational Band Review
1st Place at SCSBOA 2005 La Palma Days Band Review
5th Place at SCSBOA Arcadia Festival Of Bands (2005, 2006)
Sweepstakes at SCSBOA Riverside King Invitational Band Review (2006, 2008, 2013, 2014)
4th Place at SCSBOA Annual Chino Invitational Band Review (2006, 2007)
Sweepstakes at SCSBOA Azusa Golden Days Parade (2007, 2008, 2011, 2014)
3rd Place at SCSBOA Riverside King Band Review (2007, 2009)
2nd Place at SCSBOA 2007 La Palma Days Band Review
3rd Place at SCSBOA 2007 Arcadia Festival Of Bands
3rd Place at SCSBOA 38th Annual Chino Invitational Band Review
Sweepstakes at SCSBOA 2008 Ganesha Band Review
1st Place at SCSBOA Arcadia Festival Of Bands (2008, 2009)
3rd Place at SCSBOA 2009 San Dimas Western Days Parade
1st Place at SCSBOA 2009 Ganesha Band Review
1st Place at SCSBOA Azusa Golden Days (2010, 2012, 2013) & Riverside King Band Review (2010 & 2012)
1st Place at SCSBOA 41st Annual Chino Invitational Band Review
2nd Place at SCJA Eisenhower & Patriot Field Shows 2012
2nd & 3rd Place at the Los Angeles County Fair Marching Band Competitions (2006-2011, 2013)
Sweepstakes at the Los Angeles County Fair Marching Band Competition (2014)
3rd Place at the MBOS Vista Murrieta Field Tournament 2013
5th Place at the SCSBOA 43rd Annual Chino Invitational Band Review
4th Place at the SCSBOA 44th Annual Chino Invitational Band Review
Overall Winners of the SCJA Eisenhower & San Gorgonio Field Shows 2014
Notable alumni
Tyler Allgeier (Class of 2018) Professional Football Player NFL, Atlanta Falcons
Chris Carter (Class of 2007) former Professional Football Player NFL, Pittsburgh Steelers
David Carter (Class of 2006) former Professional Football Player NFL, Arizona Cardinals
Lonyae Miller (Class of 2006) former Professional Football Player NFL, Dallas Cowboys
Jason Shirley (Class of 2003) former Professional Football Player NFL, Cincinnati Bengals
Josh Shirley (Class of 2010) former Professional Football Player NFL, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
References
External links
Official website
Education in Fontana, California
High schools in San Bernardino County, California
Public high schools in California
1998 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1998 |
Krummacher is a German surname. It may refer to:
Emil Wilhelm Krummacher (1798–1886), German clergyman
Friedhelm Krummacher (born 1936), German musicologist
Friedrich Adolf Krummacher (1767–1845), German theologian
Friedrich Wilhelm Krummacher (1796–1868), German clergyman
Gottfried Daniel Krummacher (1774–1837), German clergyman
Hermann Friedrich Krummacher (1828–1890), German author and government official
Johann-Henrich Krummacher (1947–2008), German politician and clergyman
See also
Karl Krumbacher
Surnames
Surnames of German origin |
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Gaël Germany (born 10 May 1983 in Sainte-Marie) is a Martiniquais international footballer who currently plays for Samaritaine as a midfielder.
Career
The defender began his career for Samaritaine Sainte-Marie and joined in December 2007 to Arles-Avignon.
International goals
Scores and results list Martinique's goal tally first.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
AC Arlésien players
Paris FC players
Ligue 2 players
Ligue 1 players
Martiniquais men's footballers
Martinique men's international footballers
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Men's association football midfielders |
Dihydrosanguinarine is an alkaloid found in the herbs Corydalis adunca and Lamprocapnos spectabilis.
See also
Dihydrosanguinarine 10-monooxygenase
Epidemic dropsy
Sanguinarine
References
Benzodioxoles
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Quinoline alkaloids |
Kampanerang Kuba (International title: Enchanting Fatima / Transl. Hunchbacked Lady Bell-ringer) is a Philippine musical fantasy drama television series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from June 6 to December 16, 2005. It was inspired by the 1973 film of the same name, which starred Vilma Santos and Edgar Mortiz. It was tagged as Pinoy Disney. It was originally based from a comic book series written by Pablo S. Gomez.
Directed by Wenn V. Deramas and Andoy Ranay, it stars Anne Curtis, Christian Bautista, Jean Garcia, Eula Valdez, Luis Manzano, Patrick Garcia, Jodi Sta. Maria, Desiree del Valle, and Jomari Yllana.
Story
Background
Lucia and Lourdes Saavedra are half-sisters. Lucia has fallen in love with Antonio (a poor man of whom her father disapproves), while Lourdes falls in love with Martin. She is unaware that he is Prinsipe Abuk, who has betrayed his people to be human instead of a kuba and who has fallen for Lucia. Lucia marries Antonio; she later believes he was killed from a beating her father engineered. Her maid (and friend) Jacinta told her he was dead to one day win his love. Lucia was also told that her baby daughter was stillborn (although she is sure she heard her cry before she lost consciousness). Lourdes gives birth the same night, delivering a baby girl whom she saw was a kuba before she passed out. Martin switches his baby with Lucia's, leaving his own baby at a church.
The kampanera
The young kuba is named Imang, and grows up to be the kampanera (the person who rings the church bell). She later becomes the nursemaid of Lourdes, and bonds with her immediately. Lourdes' "daughter" Veronica is jealous and finds comfort with her Aunt Lucia, who has returned home after beginning a new life with her American husband and stepson Luke. Lucia doubts Veronica is her daughter since she has never felt a motherly bond with her. Lourdes is jealous of Lucia's closeness to Martin.
The nuns try to help Imang, and bring her back to life after Martin wrongly convinced people she was evil and deserved to be stoned for stealing a sacred crown from the church, with the help of Veronica (who wanted to be with Luke due to her jealously of Imang with him). They later found a candle that, when lit, would make her human. She used this to pretend to be Lucia's long-lost daughter Bernadette to remain close to her mother Lourdes (who, after Imang's "death", was finally told by the nuns that Imang was really her daughter).
Meanwhile, Veronica is angry that Luke has not returned her love and loves Bernadette instead. She uses magic to change her appearance, and adopts the name Agatha to gain her family's trust and avenge Bernadette. Pablo has fallen for Bernadette (although he would always make fun of her as Imang), and the truth about his parentage is raised. Lorenzo loved Imang when she was a kuba. After Lucia's husband Clark dies, she discovers that Antonio did not die; he has lost the use of his legs and believes she betrayed him (when, instead, her father was to blame). She and Antonio discover that Veronica is actually their daughter.
Conclusion
In the end, everybody finds out whose daughter belongs to whom. Bernadette/Imang does not need the candle to remain human. Veronica is turned into a tree for her many misdeeds, and her parents rekindle their marriage while they care for her. Martin is a kuba, and Lourdes still loves him now that he is good. Luke sacrificed his life for Imang/Bernadette; Bernadette chooses to be with Pablo, while Lorenzo finds another who looks like her.
Pre-production
It was first rumored that Claudine Barretto then Jodi Sta. Maria will get the title role for "Fatima", often referred to as "Imang", but ABS-CBN picked Anne Curtis instead, shortly after she transferred from GMA Network. On the other hand, Jodi got the role of Veronica. This was a reunion between Eula Valdez and Jean Garcia after their successful show Pangako Sa 'Yo, which ran from 2000 up to 2002, when they played rivals Amor and Claudia. In Kuba they played as sisters. Ten years later, Eula Valdez, Jean Garcia and Jomari Yllana reunited together in The Half Sisters aired on GMA Network. Jodi left the role, due to pregnancy and was replaced by Desiree Del Valle. This is Patrick Garcia's last show, before moving to GMA Network. Like Eula and Jean, this was also the reunion of Jodi and Patrick after the successful of Pangako Sa 'Yo, Tabing Ilog and Darating ang Umaga.
The series also marked the acting debuts of Luis Manzano and Christian Bautista.
Pablo S. Gomez wrote the script for the series, who also works in another soap opera – Mga Anghel Na Walang Langit.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Anne Curtis as Fatima "Imang" de Vera-Bartolome/ Bernadette de Vera, derived from Our Lady of Fatima and St. Bernadette.
Patrick Garcia as Luke Tennyson, derived from St. Luke.
Luis Manzano as Pablo Bartolome, derived from St. Paul.
Christian Bautista as Lorenzo, derived from St. Lorenzo Ruiz.
Supporting cast
Eula Valdez as Lourdes Saavedra-de Vera, derived from Our Lady of Lourdes.
Jean Garcia as Lucia Saavedra-Tennyson, derived from Lucia dos Santos, who experienced an apparition of the Virgin Mary.
Jomari Yllana as Martin de Vera/Prinsepe Abuk, derived from Saint Martin of Tours.
Jodi Sta. Maria / Desiree del Valle as Veronica Saavedra/ Agatha, derived from Saint Veronica and Saint Agatha of Sicily.
Mark Bautista as Repusakach (super chaka)
Edgar Mortiz as Agaton
Cherry Pie Picache as Jacinta
Eugene Domingo as Sister Clara, derived from St. Clare of Assisi.
Jaime Fabregas as Francisco Saavedra
Yul Servo as Antonio Bartolome, derived from St. Anthony the Great.
Marissa Delgado as Lola Mangkukulam
Meryll Soriano as Sister Cecilia, derived from St. Cecilia
Malou de Guzman as Sister Marcelina
Marco Alcaraz as Gabriel, derived from Archangel Gabriel.
Matt Hadfield as Clark Tennyson
Allan Paule as Solomon Durano
Arlene Muhlach as Teresing
DJ Durano as Angel
Chokoleit as Otlum
Jojit Lorenzo as Sikarma
Frances Makil-Ignacio as Sarah Durano
Cacai Bautista as Matilda Durano
Cheena Crab as Magdalena Durano
Rommel Chika as Maluk
Guest cast
Issa Pressman as the young Imang de Vera
Joshua Cadelina as the young Lorenzo
Frederick Schnell as the young Luke
Isay Alvarez as Ms Ybrahim
Carlos Morales as Mr. Ybrahim
Production and crew
Directed by: Wenn V. Deramas, Andoy L. Ranay
Assistant Director: Raymond Ocampo, Roderick Lindayag
See also
Fantaserye
List of ABS-CBN drama series
List of programs aired by ABS-CBN
References
External links
2005 Philippine television series debuts
2005 Philippine television series endings
ABS-CBN drama series
Fantaserye and telefantasya
Philippine musical television series
Television shows based on comics
Television series by Star Creatives
Filipino-language television shows
Television shows set in the Philippines |
Dansha Airport is an airport serving Dansha, a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The airport is northwest of the town.
See also
Transport in Ethiopia
List of airports in Ethiopia
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - Dansha Airport
Airports in Ethiopia
Tigray Region |
The Waikato Mounted Rifles (WMR) is the New Zealand Army's only Territorial Force (Army Reserve) squadron of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps (RNZAC). The Squadron's origins can be traced back to 1869 when the first mounted unit was raised in the Waikato. Today the Squadron is part of Queen Alexandra's Mounted Rifles (QAMR) where it forms the regiment's reserve squadron. WMR's role is mounted reconnaissance and surveillance.
History
1869–1914
WMR's lineage extends back to the New Zealand Wars (1843–72) and the formation of the Cambridge Mounted Rangers Volunteers. This unit was accepted for service on 24 July 1869, and today this date is recognised as WMR's 'birthday' and commemorated by the Squadron each year. Although the Cambridge Mounted Rangers Volunteers were disbanded in 1870, they were effectively re-formed shortly afterwards as the Cambridge Cavalry Volunteers.
The formation of the Cambridge Cavalry Volunteers, together with the nearby Te Awamutu Cavalry Volunteers (1871) and the Hamilton Cavalry Volunteers (1880) led directly to the creation of the Waikato Mounted Rifle Volunteers (1897), and then to the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles when New Zealand's Volunteer Force was superseded by the Territorial Force (TF) in 1911.
In 1885 all of New Zealand's Volunteer Force cavalry units were turned into mounted rifles units. This was more than just a change of title, as the New Zealand Volunteer Manual makes clear: "It cannot be too frequently impressed upon all ranks of mounted rifles that they are in no sense cavalry. They are only intended to fight on foot; their horses enabling them to make longer and more rapid movements than the infantry soldier."
Mounted riflemen had the same mobility as cavalry, but because they dismounted out of direct fire range, they were much less vulnerable. New Zealand's mounted troops still required, "all the élan, dash and spirit of cavalry, but train to fight dismounted".
The historian of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles in the First World War, Lieutenant Colonel (Retired) Terry Kinloch, however draws an important distinction between mounted rifles and mounted infantry. "A mounted rifleman was a horseman who was trained to fight on foot, but also to carry out some of the other cavalry functions, such as reconnaissance and screening. A mounted infantryman was no horseman. He rode a horse when he had to, but he fought on foot, and did not undertake reconnaissance or any other cavalry role. Mounted riflemen thus fitted in between cavalry and mounted infantry, performing some of the secondary roles of cavalry, but fighting on foot."
Another source explains that mounted infantry were foot soldiers provided with increased mobility, whilst mounted riflemen were horsemen trained to fight on foot in both offensive and defensive actions. As horsemen they were also expected to perform the duties of reconnoitring and screening troop movements as well as providing protection from surprise attacks. Mounted infantry were picked soldiers often organised in small units as adjuncts to an infantry brigade, or to an independent force of cavalry.
Each mounted rifles unit was recruited on a voluntary basis with troopers bringing their own horses to take part in military training. They were well represented when New Zealand first sent troops overseas to South Africa. On 28 September 1899, the New Zealand Government offered a contingent to serve with the British Imperial Forces in South Africa, two weeks before the war with the Boer republic began. A total of 10 contingents – the New Zealand Mounted Rifles (NZMR) – were sent between 1899 and 1902, totalling 6,495 officers and men and more than 8000 horses. (At this time New Zealand's population was only 900,000.)
The largest engagement in South Africa involving New Zealanders was at Langverwacht Hill in February 1902. Here, whilst defending a cordon enveloping between 800 and 900 Boer guerrillas under De Wet, the Seventh Contingent suffered badly: of approximately 90 men holding the New Zealand line, 24 were killed and more than 40 wounded. These losses are some of the most severe suffered by a New Zealand unit in a single short action in any war . Lord Kitchener reported that they had, "displayed great gallantry and resolution at a critical moment," and that their conduct on this occasion, "reflects the highest credit upon all ranks of the contingent, and upon the Colony to which it belongs. Nothing could have been finer than the behaviour of the men."
Earlier, General Sir Ian Hamilton, had said this of the New Zealanders he had observed in the field: "I have soldiered a long time now, but I have never in my life met men I would sooner soldier with than New Zealanders. I feel the greatest affection for them and I shall never forget the work they did in South Africa" Hamilton was to meet New Zealanders again in an even greater test fourteen years later at Gallipoli.
Another senior British officer, quoted in The Times History of the War in South Africa, wrote of the New Zealanders: "It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that after they had a little experience, they were, by general consent, regarded as on average the best mounted troops in South Africa."
The battle honour 'South Africa 1900–02' was the first to be awarded to WMR.
When the TF was formed in 1911 (three years after the Territorial Army in Britain) and compulsory military training introduced, New Zealand could field 12 mounted rifles regiments. Today only two NZ Army units still carry the Mounted Rifles title: WMR and QAMR.
The cap badge of the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles dates from shortly before the First World War: a native Kaka parrot within a wreath of kowhai leaves and blossoms. The Latin motto, "Libertas et Natale Solum" is best translated as "Liberty and Homeland".
The Regimental March, 'D'ye ken John Peel' was also adopted. This was published in 1903 for general use as a trot by all mounted units, and in England was then used by the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry. While this regiment has since evolved into today's Yorkshire Squadron of The Queen's Own Yeomanry, the same Regimental March has been retained.
1914–1918
On the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was formed for overseas service. It included a NZMR brigade. The TF Auckland Mounted Rifles Brigade comprised three regiments. For the NZEF, each of those regiments contributed and sustained a service squadron to the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment (AMR) of the NZMR Brigade. The squadron provided to AMR by WMR was known as the 4th (Waikato) Squadron.
Terry Kinloch has described how the New Zealand mounted rifles regiments were organised: "Each mounted rifles regiment numbered 549 men and 608 horses organised as a headquarters, three squadrons and a machine gun section.
A squadron of 158 men and 169 horses comprised a headquarters and four troops. Each troop consisted of eight four-man sections. The section was the fundamental building block of the mounted rifles regiment. In combat, one man in each section was responsible for holding the horses when the other three fought on foot. The four men lived, worked, fought and sometimes died together, and they usually became close friends."
As part of the NZMR Brigade, the AMR served throughout the Gallipoli, Sinai and Palestine campaigns, finally returning to New Zealand in 1919 when it was demobilised. For this service the following battle honours were awarded to WMR: Anzac, Defence of Anzac, Hill 60 (Anzac), Sari Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Rumani, Magdaba-Rafah, Egypt 1915–17, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Amman), Megiddo, Nablus and Palestine 1917–18.
The role played by the NZMR Brigade fighting dismounted alongside the infantry against the Turks during the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 has been well recorded; less well known are the Brigade's operations in Egypt, Palestine and Syria.
Arguably the finest hours of AMR's 4th Waikato Squadron on Gallipoli occurred during the 8 and 9 August 1915 during the assault on Chunuk Bair, the summit of the dominant Sari Bair Ridge. After a most hazardous approach under continuous fire, AMR succeeding in reaching the sorely pressed Wellington Infantry Battalion that had earlier seized the peak. Together the survivors held out against repeated Turkish assaults, suffering appalling casualties. When eventually relieved, AMR had virtually ceased to exist. Of the 288 that had advanced on the summit, only 22 were able to walk off the hill unaided. All the officers in the 4th Waikato Squadron were dead. Ultimately Chunuk Bair was lost, and Hamilton's August offensive failed.
The Gallipoli campaign decimated the original NZMR Brigade. When the peninsula finally came to be evacuated in December, almost half of the 4000 mounted riflemen who had served there since May had been killed or wounded.
Once reunited with their horses in Egypt, the Brigade formed part of what later became known as the Desert Mounted Corps, eventually consisting of 20,000 horsemen drawn from Australian, Indian, British Yeomanry and New Zealand units, and the largest tactical force of cavalry ever to operate under one command. The campaign under General Allenby concluded with the fall of Damascus and the complete defeat of the Turkish Army in 1918.
It is instructive to read extracts from the tributes paid afterwards to the NZMR Brigade by successive British Commanders in Chief:
"New Zealand has every reason to be proud of what her sons have done for the Empire, and in no theatre have they more reason to be so than the glorious and bewilderingly successful campaign in Palestine." (General Sir John Maxwell, GCB, KCMG, CVO, DSO.)
"Fortunate indeed is a commander in the field who has at his disposal New Zealand mounted troops, for he can depend on them at all times to display energy, resource and endurance. All these three qualities were time after time exemplified by the New Zealanders in the waterless desert country of Sinai... Not only is the brigade equal to any troops in energy, resource and endurance, but in addition it is second to none in determination and dash... The Empire is proud of the New Zealand Mounted Brigade and I personally owe it a debt of lasting gratitude." (General Sir Archibald Murray, CCMG, KCB, CVO, DSO.)
"When the autumn campaign was in progress, the New Zealanders took a leading part in defeating the Turkish IV Army. In the Jordan Valley, and thence eastward, over their old battlefield of Shunet Nimrin, Es Salt and Amman, to the Hedjaz railway, the men of New Zealand fought and marched to final and complete victory. Nothing daunted these intrepid fighters; to them nothing was impossible." (Field Marshall Sir Edmund Allenby, GCB, GCMG).
Field Marshall Lord Wavell summarised the part played by the Desert Mounted Corps in the campaign like this:
"The greatest exploit in history of horsed cavalry, and possibly their last success on a large scale, had ended within a short distance of the battlefield of Issus (333 B.C.), where Alexander the Great first showed how battles could be won by bold and well-handled horsemen."
The campaign in Egypt, Palestine and Syria was to be the heyday of New Zealand's mounted rifles regiments.
1918–1939
After the First World War the TF continued much in its previous form, although in 1921 the 12 mounted rifles regiments were reduced to nine. Horses were maintained in all the regiments. In the same year, the title of the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles was altered first to the 4th New Zealand Mounted Rifles (Waikato), and then on 6 September 1927 to the Waikato Mounted Rifles.
In 1927 the New Zealand mounted rifles regiments received permission from King George V to carry Guidons. Although some mounted rifles regiments were later presented with Guidons, there is no record of WMR ever having received this honour, and that position continues to this day.
1927 was also the year in which two British cavalry regiments, the 11th Hussars (Prince Albert's Own) and the 12th Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's), were converted to armoured cars, becoming the first regular cavalry in the world to be fully mechanised. The era of the horse in land warfare was slowly drawing to a close.
Meanwhile, the Waikato Mounted Rifles regiment was now based at the Drill Hall in Knox Street in Hamilton and organised into four squadrons: HQ, A, B, and C. A typical squadron consisted of about 160 soldiers with their horses, broken down into four troops.
Compulsory military training ceased in 1930 at the beginning of the Depression. At the same time pressure for mechanisation was growing and in 1936 it was decided that the TF would be motorised. As part of this process, each mounted rifles regiment was allowed to raise a light car and motorcycle troop. By 1937, with TF numbers dropping, the Government was forced to reduce the numbers of TF units in each military district. From now on, each district would have a composite mounted rifles regiment and a composite motorised mounted rifles squadron. In the Northern Military District, WMR provided one squadron for the horsed regiment, and one troop for the motorised squadron.
In 1939 the first armoured vehicles were purchased for the Army: six Bren gun carriers. Initially two were issued to each military district; later these were recalled to become the nucleus for the 2nd New Zealand Divisional Cavalry Regiment (more commonly known as the 'Div Cav').
1939–1945
After the outbreak of war with Germany, the TF was returned to its former size. There were some changes, mainly increasing the pre-war efforts to motorise the Army. One regiment in each mounted rifles brigade was now fully motorised, on the same basis as a British motorised battalion. In the Northern Military District this was to be WMR, and so as vehicles became available, the regiment was gradually parted from its horses.
At the start of the war, the Government agreed to raise an expeditionary force to be placed at the disposal of the British Government. The Div Cav was part of this force with the majority of its personnel coming from the mounted rifles regiments, including WMR who also provided the unit's first commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel CJ Pierce, MC .
The Div Cav subsequently fought with General Freyberg's 2nd New Zealand Division in Greece, North Africa and Italy, equipped variously with Vickers Light Mark III and VIb tanks, Bren carriers, Marmon-Herrington armoured cars, M3 Stuart light tanks and Staghound armoured cars. The Div Cav had the double distinction of being the first unit to be raised and equipped with armour in New Zealand and the first New Zealand armoured unit to be deployed operationally overseas.
War correspondent and 2NZEF staff officer Geoffrey Cox described the men of the Div Cav he saw fighting in Crete like this: "They were mostly farmers, brown-faced, weather-beaten men, sinewy and fit, with at their head the huge figure of their commander, Major John Russell. Had the 2nd New Zealand Division run to an elite force the Divisional Cavalry would have been a candidate for that title."
The Div Cav provided many of the original volunteers for what was to become the Long Range Desert Group, amongst whom was at least one former WMR trooper.
Back in New Zealand in November 1941 it was decided that the mounted rifles regiments were to be reconstituted as armoured units and organised along the lines of a divisional cavalry unit, with armoured cars, Bren carriers and lorries. Much to the chagrin of those concerned, they were redesignated as 'Light Armoured Fighting Vehicle Regiments'. WMR thus became the 4th Light Armoured Fighting Vehicle (4 LAFV) regiment, based at Ngāruawāhia Camp near Hamilton. With the entry of the Japanese into the war in December 1941, the TF was mobilised for home defence.
The New Zealand Armoured Corps was formed on 1 January 1942 (the ‘Royal’ prefix was not granted until 12 July 1947). The first Stuart tanks, 24 in all, arrived in New Zealand in June 1942. The following month personnel from each LAFV regiment were sent to the New Zealand Armoured Fighting Vehicle School at Waiouru Military Camp to take part in training on the new tanks, more of which arrived in October.
In November further developments took place with each unit being designated as either an armoured regiment with a mix of Stuart and valentine tanks, or a reconnaissance regiment with Stuart tanks, Beaverette armoured cars and carriers. In the process, and much to their satisfaction, the units regained their old titles. It took until 1943 to implement these changes.
From April 1943 onwards the mounted rifles regiments were called upon to provide personnel for the reinforcement drafts for units overseas, mainly being the 18th, 19th and 20th Armoured Regiments that were equipped with M4 Sherman tanks in the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade in Italy. This service was recognised at the end of the war when the Auckland, Waikato and North Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiments inherited the battle honours of the 18th Armoured Regiment from the Italian campaign: The Sangro, Castel Frentano, Orsogna, Advance to Florence, San Michele, Paula Line, Celle, Pisciatello, the Senio, Santerno Crossing, Bologna, Idice Bridgehead and Italy 1943–45.
By June the drain on personnel had been so severe that no TF unit was fully operational, and in July all the mounted rifles regiments were reduced to training cadres for training personnel for overseas service. Finally, in March 1944 came the reorganisation of the New Zealand Armoured Corps. Three armoured regiments were to be formed, one in each military district. In the Northern Military District the three mounted rifles regiments, including WMR, were amalgamated to form the 1st Armoured Regiment.
1945–1999
Following the Second World War, the TF remained largely dormant until 1949 when compulsory military training was reintroduced in New Zealand for the armed forces. In 1951 the Waikato Regiment, a pre-war infantry unit, was incorporated into the 1st Armoured Regiment to form the 1st Armoured Regiment (Waikato), RNZAC. The Colours of the Waikato Regiment were handed to the 1st Armoured Regiment (Waikato) and accepted by it at a ceremonial Colours Parade held in Seddon Park, Hamilton on Anzac Day 1956. These Colours were later laid up in St Andrew's Church, Cambridge in October 1970.
Over the next 50 years, as compulsory military training has come and gone, with successive reorganisations taking place, regimental titles in the RNZAC have frequently changed. In 1959 the 1st Armoured Regiment (Waikato), RNZAC became the Waikato Regiment, RNZAC; the 2nd Armoured Regiment became Queen Alexandra's Regiment RNZAC; and the 4th Armoured Regiment became the Wellington East Coast Regiment, RNZAC. A year later the Waikato, Queen Alexandra's and Wellington East Coast Regiments were reduced to squadrons, together forming a new 1st Armoured Regiment, RNZAC.
In 1963–64 the 1st Armoured Regiment split, with Queen Alexandra's and Wellington East Coast Squadrons becoming the 1st Armoured Squadron (Queen Alexandra's), and the Waikato Squadron becoming the 2nd Armoured Squadron (Waikato).
In 1970 the 1st and 2nd Armoured Squadrons amalgamated to form Queen Alexandra's (Waikato/Wellington East Coast) Squadron, but in 1983 this divided again to form Queen Alexandra's Squadron and the Waikato/Wellington East Coast (Wai/WEC) Squadron.
In 1990 all New Zealand's armoured units were brought together for the first time in the 1st Armoured Group. Three years later this was re-titled Queen Alexandra's Mounted Rifles (QAMR). The Wai/WEC Squadron formed C Squadron.
Six years of relative stability followed before further changes occurred. In 1999 a wide-ranging review and reorganisation of the TF took place that resulted in the transfer of the Wai/WEC Squadron to the 6th Battalion (Hauraki), Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment (RNZIR) – a Territorial infantry unit based in Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty.
1999–today
Within the Haurakis, C and D Companies were absorbed into Wai/WEC Squadron, together being known as the Waikato Squadron, although no official title change took place. The Squadron's recruiting boundaries were reduced to conform to those of the Haurakis, which excluded the Wellington/East Coast region. The years that followed proved a particular challenge to the Squadron, as it fought to retain its existence, separate identity and mounted reconnaissance role.
At the TF Seminar in August 2002, the Chief of Army, Major General Mateparae, directed that – in the interests of fostering unit pride, respecting tradition, raising morale, strengthening links with local communities and assisting recruitment – Territorial units (and where appropriate sub-units) would revert to their previous titles. To accommodate these changes, Territorial infantry regiments would form battalion groups; thus the Haurakis would become the 6th (Hauraki) Battalion Group in which Wai/WEC Squadron would be a sub-unit.
The re-adoption of historical titles did not alter battalion group boundaries, so with the loss of the Wellington East Coast region it was inappropriate to maintain the WEC part of the Squadron's title. This provided the opportunity for the Squadron to return to its historical roots and revive the title of the Waikato Mounted Rifles. In early 2003, and strongly supported by the Waikato Mounted Rifles Regimental Association, a formal submission was made to alter the Squadron's title. This was approved by the Chief of Army in September of the same year.
A further submission was to follow. This was for the restoration of the WMR hat and collar badges. After a protracted campaign, this was eventually agreed in April 2006. Based exactly on the pre-1914 originals, it was not however until May 2008 that the new badges were finally presented to Squadron personnel by the then Colonel Commandant RNZAC, Brigadier IH Duthie, CNZM.
In 2003, WMR's role was defined as: "...to provide general purpose medium reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition in order to support New Zealand Light Armoured Vehicle mounted battalion operations. It is to provide trained personnel to top up and round out Queen Alexandra’s Squadron..."
Partly as a result of diminishing resources, and partly due to the low priority accorded the TF within the Army, WMR had by then moved from reconnaissance training on FV101 Scorpion CVR(T) and M113 APCs to modified V8 Land Rovers. By the start of the 21st century some of the latter vehicles were actually older than their crews.
In 2004 the Government purchased from Automotive Technik (UK) 321 armoured and non-armoured Pinzgauer Light Operational Vehicles (LOV) to replace the Army's ageing Land Rover fleet. It was only in 2007 that the decision was made that WMR would be equipped with the 6 x 6 armoured (and armed) version of LOV, and the following year WMR received sufficient vehicles for one troop. While these vehicles may not perfectly fit the Squadron's role, they have provided the crucial training platform necessary to continue as a reserve reconnaissance squadron.
As part of a revised policy of integrating non-infantry TF units into the RF (or re-integrating in the case of WMR), in July 2012 the Squadron left the Haurakis and returned to QAMR as the regiment's reserve squadron. WMR's role was now defined as being to provide a reserve cavalry capability to the NZ Army, focusing on a mounted reconnaissance and surveillance skill set.
With the re-integration of WMR into QAMR, a formal proposal for the presentation of a Guidon to the Squadron was withdrawn.
Current organisation
Based in Hamilton (pop.141,000) in the Waikato, upper North Island, WMR is normally equipped with the armoured version of the Pinzgauer LOV, armed with either a single 7.62mm FN MAG 58 MG or a 7.62mm FN Minimi MG.
The Squadron is presently configured for up to 70 personnel in two light reconnaissance troops mounted in LOV, together with a skeleton Squadron headquarters, an administrative section and a forward repair team. In future it is hoped that a small composite troop with LAV crewmen and a dismounted scout section will be added. If deployed, the Squadron's strength would be raised to 102 personnel, with the additional manpower creating a full NZLAV troop and rounding out the two LOV troops and Squadron headquarters.
QAMR's two regular squadrons are equipped with the NZLAV (a version of the General Dynamics Land Systems Canada 8 x 8 LAVIII), armed with the M242 25mm chain gun and two 7.62mm MGs. QAMR is based at Linton Military Camp outside Palmerston North (pop.80,000) in the lower North Island.
Alliances
An alliance between the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles and the British 4/7th Royal Dragoons (today the Royal Dragoon Guards) was formed in 1926. This alliance was inherited by QAMR when Wai/WEC Squadron was transferred to the 6th Battalion (Hauraki) RNZIR in 1999.
An alliance between the RNZAC and the British Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) was formed in 1966. In January 1967, in recognition of this alliance, Her Majesty The Queen (as Captain-General of the RNZAC and Colonel-in-Chief of the RTR) gave her approval for members of the RNZAC to wear the RTR's tank arm badge.
Regimental Association
Following the successful bid to restore the WMR title to the Squadron, members of the WMR Regimental Association (founded in 1946) amended their Rules in 2004 to admit and welcome past and serving personnel of the Squadron as members of the Association. Some Squadron personnel were also invited to join the Association's committee. Today there are about 140 members, of whom roughly one third are currently serving in WMR.
Regimental history: Waikato Troopers
In 2007 the first complete history of WMR, Waikato Troopers, was written and published by Richard Stowers, a military historian and author living in Hamilton. The foreword to Waikato Troopers was written by Lieutenant General Mateparae (then Chief of the Defence Force and now Governor-General of New Zealand). In it he wrote: "New Zealand has a tradition of military service that, in large part, rests on the service of citizen soldiers in both peace and war. The men of the Waikato Mounted Rifles represent that tradition admirably."
In memoriam
The Government declared 2006 to be the 'Year of the Veteran' and established a Community Grants Fund. The WMR Regimental Association successfully applied for funding to enable a number of memorial plaques to be commissioned, dedicated to the memory of former comrades who lost their lives in conflicts overseas. Rather than a single memorial, the Association preferred the idea of placing these plaques in churches and public grounds in settlements and towns in the heart of the Waikato, where WMR still recruits and trains today.
Between 2007 and 2010 eight plaques were dedicated and unveiled in Waerenga, Te Kauwhata, Te Awamutu (2), Hamilton (2) and Cambridge (2). Beneath the WMR title and badge, the inscription on each plaque reads:
"In memory of those from this district [or town/city, as appropriate] who lost their lives on active service and in honour of all those who served."
Mounted riflemen from the Waikato have served in all the overseas conflicts in which New Zealanders have fought. Casualty figures are incomplete, but recent research has revealed that eight died in South Africa; 74 at Gallipoli; and 42 in Sinai and Palestine. One hundred and fifty-eight were wounded on Gallipoli and in the Middle East.
It is impossible to discover the exact losses of former WMR servicemen during the Second World War, for unlike the First World War, WMR did not send and sustain a formed service squadron overseas for the duration. Aside from the Div Cav, to which all nine mounted rifles regiments then in existence contributed, WMR's soldiers were drafted as reinforcements, mainly to the 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade, but also to the infantry and some even to the Navy and Air Force. It is known that 29 former WMR soldiers were killed in action with the Div Cav. A further 14 died in other units, but sadly the list is incomplete.
While it is not known whether any former WMR soldiers died in either the Korean or Vietnam wars, the only New Zealander to be killed in action in East Timor (in 2000) came from the Waikato and had previously served in the Squadron for several years before transferring to the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment.
Since 2000, some 37 members of WMR have served on operational deployments overseas in East Timor, the Solomon Islands, South Korea and Afghanistan, but so far without incurring any further losses.
War horse statue
In November 2017 several members of WMR participated in a parade during the presentation of a statue dedicated to the horses sent to war with the New Zealand Army.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Andrews, Ted, Kiwi Trooper, The Story of Queen Alexandra's Own, Wanganui Chronicle Co. Ltd, 1967.
Angelsey, The Marquess of, A History of the British Cavalry, 1816–1919, Volume 4 (1899–1913), Leo Cooper, 1986; Volume 5 (1914–1919), Leo Cooper, 1994; and Volume 8 (1919–1939), Leo Cooper, 1997.
Bullock, David L., Allenby's War, The Palestine – Arabian Campaigns, 1916–1918, Blandford Press, 1988.
Corbett, D.A., The Regimental Badges of New Zealand, Ray Richards, Auckland, 1970; Revised and Enlarged Edition, 1980.
Cox, Geoffrey, A Tale of Two Battles – A Personal Memoir of Crete and the Western Desert 1941, William Kimber, 1987.
Crawford, John, with Ellis, Ellen To Fight for the Empire, An Illustrated History of New Zealand and the South African War, 1899–1902, Reed Books, 1999.
Crawford, John and McGibbon, Ian (Ed), New Zealand's Great War – New Zealand, the Allies and the First World War, Exisle Publishing Limited, 2007.
Cooke, Peter and Crawford, John The Territorials, The History of the Territorial and Volunteer Forces of New Zealand, Random House, 2011.
Harper, Glyn and Hayward, Joel (Ed), Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders, Exisle Publishing limited, 2003.
Kinloch, Terry Echoes of Gallipoli – In the Words of New Zealand's Mounted Riflemen, Exisle Publishing Limited, 2005.
Kinloch, Terry Devils on Horses – In the Words of the Anzacs in the Middle East, 1916–19, Exisle Publishing Limited, 2007.
Loughnan, R.J.M., Divisional Cavalry, Wellington: War History Branch, Dept of Internal Affairs, 1963.
Macksey, Kenneth, A History of the Royal Armoured Corps, 1914–1975, Newtown Publications, Beaminister, England, 1983.
McGibbon, Ian (Ed), The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Moore, A. Brisco The Mounted Rifleman in Sinai and Palestine, Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd, 1920.
Newark, Peter, Sabre & Lance An Illustrated History of Cavalry, Blandford Press, 1987.
Nicol, Sergeant C.G., The Story of Two Campaigns – Official War History of the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment, 1914–1919, Wilson and Horton, Auckland, 1921.
Plowman, Jeffrey and Thomas, Malcolm 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade in Italy, Kiwi Armour 1, Jeffrey Plowman, 2000.
Plowman, Jeffrey and Thomas, Malcolm New Zealand Armour in the Pacific 1939–45, Kiwi Armour 2, Jeffrey Plowman, 2001.
Plowman, Jeffrey and Thomas, Malcolm 2nd New Zealand Divisional Cavalry Regiment in the Mediterranean, Kiwi Armour 3, Jeffrey Plowman, 2002.
Plowman, Jeffrey and Thomas, Malcolm Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps, Kiwi Armour 6, Jeffrey Plowman, 2004.
Powles, Lieutenant Colonel C. Guy, CMG, DSO, New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine, Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd, 1922.
Stowers, Richard Bloody Gallipoli – The New Zealanders' Story, David Bateman Ltd, 2005.
Stowers, Richard Waikato Troopers, History of the Waikato Mounted Rifles, Richard Stowers, 2008.
Warner, Philip The British Cavalry, J. M. Dent & Sons, 1984.
External links
New Zealand Army
Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps Association
New Zealand Mounted Rifles Association
Royal Armoured Corps
1st Royal Tank Regiment
2nd Royal Tank Regiment
Royal Tank Regiment Association
Richard Stowers
Cavalry regiments of New Zealand
Military units and formations established in 1869
1869 establishments in New Zealand |
James Bray Jr. (ca.1670-November 25, 1725) was a merchant, planter, and politician in the Colony of Virginia, who once represented James City County in the House of Burgesses.
Early and family life
Born to Angelica, the wife of brash attorney and politician James Bray (who died in 1691), he received an education appropriate to his class.
Circa 1697, Bray married Mourning, the widow of Thomas Pettus, who bore sons Thomas and James, and daughter Elizabeth Bray.
Career
In 1700 Bray purchased the legal interests of Pettus' other heirs in 1,280 acres known as the Littletown and Utopia plantations on the east side of College Creek in Williamsburg, which he developed into his family seat. He also owned a brick house and lots in Williamsburg.
Bray was a justice of the peace in James City County, and in 1705 so berated fellow justice (and sometime burgess) Thomas Cowles that he resigned.
On July 23, 1700, Bray licensed a slave ship at Jamestown.ref name="McCartney"/>
James City voters elected Bray one of the men representing them in the House of Burgesses during the 1700-1702 session.
Governor Francis Nicholson disliked Bray.
Death and legacy
Bray made his last will and testament about a week before his death, and it was presented for probate in York County on March 14, 1726.
References
Virginia colonial people
Virginia lawyers
1725 deaths
House of Burgesses members
People from James City County, Virginia |
The Battle of Shangshak took place in Manipur in the forested and mountainous frontier area between India and Burma, from 20 March to 26 March 1944. The Japanese drove a parachute brigade (fighting as infantry) of the British Indian Army from its positions with heavy casualties, but suffered heavy casualties themselves. The delay imposed on the Japanese by the battle allowed British and Indian reinforcements to reach the vital position at Kohima before the Japanese.
Background
In March 1944, the Japanese launched Operation U-GO, a major invasion of India. Two divisions of the Japanese Fifteenth Army – the 15th and 33rd – attacked IV Indian Corps at Imphal, the Japanese 31st Division advanced on Kohima, to cut the main road on which the troops at Imphal depended for supply from Dimapur.
The Japanese 31st division, divided into Left, Centre and Right Assault forces, advanced over a wide front. The Left Assault Force consisted of the regimental headquarters and two battalions of the Japanese 58th Regiment, and detachments from the division's supporting arms units. The regiment's commander was Colonel Utata Fukunaga, but the force was accompanied by the division's Infantry Group commander, Major General Shigesaburō Miyazaki, who was the senior officer. On 18 March, the force was approaching the village of Ukhrul, about north-east of Imphal and north of Sangshak.
British dispositions
Early in 1944, the 49th Indian Infantry Brigade of the 23rd Indian Infantry Division had been stationed at Sangshak, tasked with defending against a Japanese advance from the Chindwin River towards Ukhrul. As the Japanese offensive began, the Japanese surrounded the 17th Indian Infantry Division at Tiddim, south of Imphal. Lieutenant General Geoffry Scoones, the commander of IV Corps, was forced to send the 23rd Division (including the 49th Brigade) to help the 17th Division break out of encirclement. Subsequently, the 50th Indian Parachute Brigade was ordered to move to the Sangshak area, to take over the position vacated by the departure of the 49th Brigade.
At the time, two battalions of the 50th Indian Parachute Brigade had been conducting advanced jungle training in the Kohima area, while the third battalion completed its parachute training in India. The brigade consisted of 152 (Indian) and 153 (Gurkha) Parachute Battalions, with a machine gun company, a mountain artillery battery and other supporting arms. Its commander was Brigadier Maxwell Hope-Thomson. Even before the Japanese attack opened, they had received preliminary orders to move to Sangshak. Because of shortage of transport, they required four days (from 14 March to 18 March) to complete the movement. They took under command the 4th Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry, which had been part of the 49th Brigade, and two companies of the Nepalese Kalibahadur Regiment consisting of 200 men.
Upon arrival, the brigade found that the area they had been assigned had not been prepared by the 49th, and there was no barbed wire to construct field obstacles. Repeated requests were made for defensive stores by the 50th Brigade, but the demands were not met before the battle began.
Battle
Preliminaries
The 50th Brigade initially deployed over a large area, with outposts east of Sangshak and the machine-gun company in Ukhrul. On 19 March, the Japanese overran an isolated company (C Company of the 152 Parachute Battalion) deployed on a hill known as Point 7378. The company was reduced to 20 men. Urged by his second-in-command (Colonel Abbott) that the brigade risked defeat in detail if it remained strung out as isolated posts, Hope-Thomson ordered his forces to concentrate. Most of the force initially concentrated at Sheldon's Corner, east of Sangshak on 21 March, but that afternoon, Hope-Thomson pulled them back, first to "Kidney Camp" to the west, and then to Sangshak itself, where they took up a defensive position on a hill just east of the village, with an American missionary church at its north end. The position measured only by , and had no fresh water. Hard rock was found only below the soil, so only shallow trenches could be dug.
The II Battalion of the Japanese 58th Infantry Regiment had meanwhile captured Ukhrul from 50th Brigade's machine-gun company. Major General Miyazaki was present with the battalion. He was aware that there was a British brigade at Sangshak. Although Sangshak was in the sector assigned to 31st Division's neighbouring formation, the Japanese 15th Division, Miyazaki knew that this formation was lagging behind his force. He therefore decided to clear the British from Sangshak to prevent them interfering with his advance.
Fighting at Sangshak
The Japanese battalion attacked Sangshak from the north on the night of 22 March. Miyazaki was prepared to wait for his regimental guns and some attached mountain guns to arrive to support the attack, but the battalion commander (Captain Nagaya) attacked hastily without artillery support. The British had a total of 46 mountain guns and 3-inch mortars with which to provide indirect fire support, and despite initial gains, the assaulting Japanese force suffered heavily from British artillery and mortar fire.
One of the Japanese officers killed in the 50th Parachute Brigade's positions was found to be carrying vital maps and documents, which contained all of 31st Division's plans. Brigadier Hope-Thomson sent two copies of the documents through the encircling Japanese to IV Corps HQ in Imphal. These were to be vital to IV Corps' and Fourteenth Army's response to the Japanese attack on Kohima.
The next day (23 March), Allied aircraft tried to drop supplies to the 50th Parachute Brigade, but the brigade's position was so small that many of the supplies went to the Japanese. The Gurkhas of 152 Parachute Battalion attacked to recover them, supported by fighters which had escorted the transport aircraft. They were beaten back, but the Japanese also suffered heavy casualties. Japanese artillery was moved into position using elephants, and began firing on Sangshak on 23 March.
On 24 March, the Japanese were reinforced by the III Battalion of the 58th Regiment, accompanied by the regimental commander and Miyazaki. They attacked immediately, but they too were repulsed.
The III Battalion of the Japanese 60th Regiment, belonging to Masafumi Yamauchi's 15th Division, also began attacking the defended position from the east on 25 March, supported by artillery fire from two mountain guns from the 21st Field Artillery Regiment. Their commander (Major Fukushima) insisted that his officers properly reconnoitre the objective and plan their approach in contrast to the 58th Regiment's hasty tactics. However, his infantry became lost trying to approach the position at night. During the following day, their two attached mountain guns destroyed many of the defenders' shallow trenches. On 26 March, Fukushima's infantry of the 60th Regiment again became lost trying to attack at night and were caught in the open at dawn.
The Japanese planned a last all-out assault on 27 March (although Miyazaki tried to insist that 58th Regiment alone should attack, so that they would have the sole honour of the victory), but ultimately this effort was unnecessary. By that date, the defenders were exhausted and desperately short of water. There were 300 wounded in the position, and the smell of decomposing bodies (including those of the mules belonging to the attached mountain artillery, and supply column) was unbearable. At 6:00 pm on 26 March, Hope-Thomson received orders to withdraw. His brigade moved out under cover of darkness at 10.30 pm, with the 4th/5th Mahrattas providing a rearguard. About 100 wounded were left behind, although many others were carried out. About 100 other men were captured by another battalion of the Japanese 60th Regiment (the "Uchibori battalion"). The Japanese subsequently occupied the position after a patrol confirmed that it had been abandoned.
Aftermath
The 50th Indian Parachute Brigade had suffered 652 casualties. The Japanese reported capturing 100 prisoners, most of whom were wounded. The Japanese also captured plenty of air-dropped supplies which had missed the defenders at Sangshak, and other equipment including heavy weapons, vehicles and radios. Many of the Indian troops that were taken prisoner were later released – albeit having been stripped of their equipment and clothes – by the Japanese after they were forced to withdraw and were no longer able to spare troops to guard them.
Japanese casualties were also heavy. The II Battalion, 58th Regiment was the hardest-hit unit, with more than 400 casualties. However, the prolonged battle had also delayed Miyazaki's advance on Kohima by a week, and heavily depleted the 58th Regiment which would lead the attack. It also delayed some of the 15th Division in their advance on Imphal. Miyazaki's Left Assault Force had the shortest and easiest route to Kohima. They arrived at the vital Kohima ridge only on April 3, by which time Allied reinforcements had also reached the area. In the ensuing Battle of Kohima, the Japanese failed to capture the entire ridge, and were eventually forced to retreat by British counter-attacks and shortage of food and ammunition.
Awards for valour
Lt. Col. Dr. Robert Brocklesby Davis, commander of the 80th Field Ambulance (Parachute), was awarded the DSO for his actions in this battle.
References
Sources
Allen, Louis, Burma: The Longest War 1941–45, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, 1984,
Katoch, Hemant Singh, Imphal 1944: The Japanese Invasion of India, Bloomsbury, 2018,
Rooney, David, Burma Victory: Imphal and Kohima March 1944 to May 1945, Cassell, 1992,
Seaman, Harry, The Battle At Sangshak: Prelude to Kohima, Pen and Sword, 1989,
Singh, Suresh, The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Vicious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India, Quills Ink Publishing, 2014,
Further reading
Slim, William (Field Marshal Sir), Defeat into Victory, NY: Buccaneer Books , Cooper Square Press ; London: Cassell , Pan .
World War II operations and battles of the Southeast Asia Theatre
Battles and operations of World War II involving India
Battles and operations of World War II involving Nepal
1944 in India
Sangshak
Military history of Burma during World War II
March 1944 events |
Ləzran (also, Lezran and Lyazran) is a village and municipality in the Jalilabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 340.
References
Populated places in Jalilabad District (Azerbaijan) |
Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman (or conduct unbecoming for short) is an offense that is subject to court martial in the armed forces of some nations.
Use in the United Kingdom
The phrase was used as a charge in courts martial of the British Armed Forces in the 18th and the early 19th centuries although it was not defined as a specific offence in the Articles of War. For instance, in 1813, Colonel Sir J Eamer was brought before a court martial "For behaving in a scandalous, infamous manner, such as is unbecoming the character of an officer and a gentleman, towards Captain B V Symes of the same regiment..." The charge seems to have been first codified under the Naval Discipline Act of 10 August 1860, which states, "Article 24: Every Officer subject to this Act who shall be guilty of Cruelty, or of any scandalous or fraudulent Conduct, shall be dismissed with Disgrace from Her Majesty's Service; and every Officer subject to this Act who shall be guilty of any other Conduct unbecoming the Character of an Officer shall be dismissed, with or without Disgrace, from Her Majesty's Service."
Use in the United States
The offense is defined in the punitive code, Article 133, of the United States Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), enacted at .
The elements are:
That the accused did or omitted to do certain acts; and
That, in the circumstances, these acts or omissions constituted conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman.
Here "officer" is understood to include commissioned officers, cadets, and midshipmen of both sexes, hence the more common term conduct unbecoming. A gentleman is understood to have a duty to avoid dishonesty, indecency, indecorum, lawlessness, injustice, unfairness, and cruelty.
Police discipline
"Conduct unbecoming an officer" is also used in some civil police agencies.
See also
A Few Good Men, 1992 film centring around a trial for this offence
An Officer and a Gentleman, 1982 film
Conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline
Conduct Unbecoming, 1975 film based on a play by Barry England
Military tradition
Unsportsmanlike conduct, a cautionable offence in association football, until 1997 called "ungentlemanly conduct".
References
United States military law
Court-martial |
Jeff Dutch is an American curler and curling coach.
Record as a coach of national teams
References
External links
Living people
American male curlers
American curling coaches
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The High King's Tomb is the third novel in Kristen Britain's Green Rider series.
Plot summary
Karigan G’Ladheon, a member of the King's Green Rider messenger service, finds her life increasingly tangled in the third book of the Green Rider series. King Zachary, for whom Karigan has feelings, has admitted his feeling for Karigan but is being forced into a political marriage with Lady Estora of Coutre. This causes difficulties for all three as Karigan and Zachary cannot be together and Karigan is now jealous of Estora and ceases to show friendship to her former friend.
Soon Karigan is sent on several messenger errands as Captain Mapstone attempts to separate her from King Zachary. Accompanied by rider-in-training Fergal Duff, she delivers several messages, the last one a decoy message presented to her old school nemesis, now lord-governor Timas Mirwell, in an attempt to contact Rider Beryl Spencer.
Meanwhile, Riders Alton D’yer and Dale Littlepage's attempts to mend the wall at the Blackveil Forest are met with failure, and the wall's strength continues to wane.
“Grandmother,” the leader of the Second Empire, plans to overthrow Sacoridia in the name of the Empire. She is a member of Second Empire, a remnant of those who came to Sacoridia from Arcosia with Mornhavon the Black. By using her magic and a book that can only be read "by the light of the High King's tomb", Grandmother plans to destroy the D’Yer Wall. This book, written by one of the last great mages, contains the secrets of the D'Yer Wall; how it was built and how to maintain it. It is a race between Second Empire and the Green Riders to obtain the book to either destroy or repair the great wall.
After delivering her messages, Karigan discovers that Lady Estora has been kidnapped by men working with Second Empire. She offers herself as a distraction, trading clothes with Estora, to allow the King's betrothed to escape safely and return to Sacor City. Karigan is captured but escapes with the aid of Lord Xandis Amberhill. Knowing Grandmother's plot, Karigan travels back to Sacor City to thwart Second Empire and gain possession of the book.
When she arrives, Karigan joins a band of Weapons (guards highly committed to guarding the King and the tombs of dead royalty) who enter the tombs to stop the Second Empire from reading the book. Karigan successfully recovers the book, with the help of the god Westrion.
In the aftermath of these events, Karigan is knighted by King Zachary and a translation of the book is given to Alton D'Yer in the hopes that he can discern the secrets in repairing the breach in the wall. Grandmother and the members of Second Empire journey through the breach into Blackveil hoping to "awake the sleepers".
The author has confirmed that there are more books to come. The fourth book in the series, "Blackveil," was released in February 2011.
Characters
Karigan G'ladheon
Alton D'yer
King Zachary
Lady Estora
Arms master Drent
Immerez
Jametari
Captain Mapstone
Fergal Duff
Grandmother
Lord Amberhill
Dale Littlepage
See also
Green Rider - First book of the Green Rider Series
First Rider's Call - Second book of the Green Rider Series
The High King's Tomb – Third book of the "Green Rider" series
Blackveil - Fourth book of the Green Rider Series
Mirror Sight - Fifth book of the Green Rider series
Firebrand - Sixth book of the "Green Rider" series
External links
The High King's Tomb by Kristen Britain
2007 American novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by Kristen Britain
DAW Books books |
```objective-c
#ifndef TACO_INDEX_NOTATION_H
#define TACO_INDEX_NOTATION_H
#include <functional>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include "taco/util/name_generator.h"
#include "taco/format.h"
#include "taco/error.h"
#include "taco/util/intrusive_ptr.h"
#include "taco/util/comparable.h"
#include "taco/type.h"
#include "taco/ir/ir.h"
#include "taco/codegen/module.h"
#include "taco/index_notation/intrinsic.h"
#include "taco/index_notation/index_notation_nodes_abstract.h"
#include "taco/ir_tags.h"
#include "taco/index_notation/provenance_graph.h"
#include "taco/index_notation/properties.h"
namespace taco {
class Type;
class Dimension;
class Format;
class Schedule;
class IndexVar;
class WindowedIndexVar;
class IndexSetVar;
class TensorVar;
class IndexStmt;
class IndexExpr;
class Assignment;
class Access;
class IterationAlgebra;
struct AccessNode;
struct IndexVarIterationModifier;
struct LiteralNode;
struct NegNode;
struct SqrtNode;
struct AddNode;
struct SubNode;
struct MulNode;
struct DivNode;
struct CastNode;
struct CallNode;
struct CallIntrinsicNode;
struct ReductionNode;
struct IndexVarNode;
struct AssignmentNode;
struct YieldNode;
struct ForallNode;
struct WhereNode;
struct SequenceNode;
struct AssembleNode;
struct MultiNode;
struct SuchThatNode;
class IndexExprVisitorStrict;
class IndexStmtVisitorStrict;
/// Describe the relation between indexVar sets of lhs and rhs in an Assignment node.
/// equal: lhs = rhs
/// none: lhs and rhs are mutually exclusive. And lhs and rhs are not empty sets.
/// lcr: rhs is a proper subset of lhs. (lhs contains rhs)
/// rcl: lhs is a proper subset of rhs. (rhs contains lhs)
/// inter: lhs and rhs share common elements but are not equal or empty. Some examples:
/// ```
/// // equal
/// ws(i1) += A(i1) // i1 is a child index node
/// ws(i) = A(i) // i is a parent index node
///
/// // none
/// ws(i1) += A(i) // i1 is a child of i
/// B_new(i) = B(i1)
///
/// // lcr
/// ws(i,k) = A(i) * B(i)
///
/// // rcl
/// ws(i) += A(i,k) * B(i,k)
///
/// // inter
/// ws(i,j) += A(i,k) * B(k,j)
/// ```
///
enum IndexSetRel {
equal, none, lcr, rcl, inter
};
/// Return true if the index statement is of the given subtype. The subtypes
/// are Assignment, Forall, Where, Sequence, and Multi.
template <typename SubType> bool isa(IndexExpr);
/// Casts the index statement to the given subtype. Assumes S is a subtype and
/// the subtypes are Assignment, Forall, Where, Sequence, and Multi.
template <typename SubType> SubType to(IndexExpr);
/// A tensor index expression describes a tensor computation as a scalar
/// expression where tensors are indexed by index variables (`IndexVar`). The
/// index variables range over the tensor dimensions they index, and the scalar
/// expression is evaluated at every point in the resulting iteration space.
/// Index variables that are not used to index the result/left-hand-side are
/// called summation variables and are summed over. Some examples:
/// ```
/// // Matrix addition
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j) + C(i,j);
///
/// // Tensor addition (order-3 tensors)
/// A(i,j,k) = B(i,j,k) + C(i,j,k);
///
/// // Matrix-vector multiplication
/// a(i) = B(i,j) * c(j);
///
/// // Tensor-vector multiplication (order-3 tensor)
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j,k) * c(k);
///
/// // Matricized tensor times Khatri-Rao product (MTTKRP) from data analytics
/// A(i,j) = B(i,k,l) * C(k,j) * D(l,j);
/// ```
///
/// @see IndexVar Index into index expressions.
/// @see TensorVar Operands of index expressions.
class IndexExpr : public util::IntrusivePtr<const IndexExprNode> {
public:
IndexExpr() : util::IntrusivePtr<const IndexExprNode>(nullptr) {}
IndexExpr(const IndexExprNode* n) : util::IntrusivePtr<const IndexExprNode>(n) {}
/// Construct a scalar tensor access.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = b;
/// ```
IndexExpr(TensorVar);
/// Consturct an integer literal.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = 1;
/// ```
IndexExpr(char);
IndexExpr(int8_t);
IndexExpr(int16_t);
IndexExpr(int32_t);
IndexExpr(int64_t);
/// Consturct an unsigned integer literal.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = 1u;
/// ```
IndexExpr(uint8_t);
IndexExpr(uint16_t);
IndexExpr(uint32_t);
IndexExpr(uint64_t);
/// Consturct double literal.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = 1.0;
/// ```
IndexExpr(float);
IndexExpr(double);
/// Construct complex literal.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = complex(1.0, 1.0);
/// ```
IndexExpr(std::complex<float>);
IndexExpr(std::complex<double>);
Datatype getDataType() const;
/// Store the index expression's result to a dense workspace w.r.t. index
/// variable `i` and replace the index expression (in the enclosing
/// expression) with a workspace access expression. The index variable `i` is
/// retained in the enclosing expression and used to access the workspace,
/// while `iw` replaces `i` in the index expression that computes workspace
/// results.
void workspace(IndexVar i, IndexVar iw, std::string name="");
/// Store the index expression's result to a workspace of the given format
/// w.r.t. index variable `i` and replace the index expression (in the
/// enclosing expression) with a workspace access expression. The index
/// variable `i` is retained in the enclosing expression and used to access
/// the workspace, while `iw` replaces `i` in the index expression that
/// computes workspace results.
void workspace(IndexVar i, IndexVar iw, Format format, std::string name="");
/// Store the index expression's result to the given workspace w.r.t. index
/// variable `i` and replace the index expression (in the enclosing
/// expression) with a workspace access expression. The index variable `i` is
/// retained in the enclosing expression and used to access the workspace,
/// while `iw` replaces `i` in the index expression that computes workspace
/// results.
void workspace(IndexVar i, IndexVar iw, TensorVar workspace);
/// Returns the schedule of the index expression.
const Schedule& getSchedule() const;
/// Casts index expression to specified subtype.
template <typename SubType>
SubType as() {
return to<SubType>(*this);
}
/// Visit the index expression's sub-expressions.
void accept(IndexExprVisitorStrict *) const;
/// Print the index expression.
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const IndexExpr&);
};
/// Check if two index expressions are isomorphic.
bool isomorphic(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
/// Compare two index expressions by value.
bool equals(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
/// Construct and returns an expression that negates this expression.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = -B(i,j);
/// ```
IndexExpr operator-(const IndexExpr&);
/// Add two index expressions.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j) + C(i,j);
/// ```
IndexExpr operator+(const IndexExpr&, const IndexExpr&);
/// Subtract an index expressions from another.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j) - C(i,j);
/// ```
IndexExpr operator-(const IndexExpr&, const IndexExpr&);
/// Multiply two index expressions.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j) * C(i,j); // Component-wise multiplication
/// ```
IndexExpr operator*(const IndexExpr&, const IndexExpr&);
/// Divide an index expression by another.
/// ```
/// A(i,j) = B(i,j) / C(i,j); // Component-wise division
/// ```
IndexExpr operator/(const IndexExpr&, const IndexExpr&);
/// An index expression that represents a tensor access, such as `A(i,j))`.
/// Access expressions are returned when calling the overloaded operator() on
/// a `TensorVar`. Access expressions can also be assigned an expression, which
/// happens when they occur on the left-hand-side of an assignment.
///
/// @see TensorVar Calling `operator()` on a `TensorVar` returns an `Assign`.
class Access : public IndexExpr {
public:
Access() = default;
Access(const Access&) = default;
Access(const AccessNode*);
Access(const TensorVar& tensorVar, const std::vector<IndexVar>& indices={},
const std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<IndexVarIterationModifier>>& modifiers={},
bool isAccessingStructure=false);
/// Return the Access expression's TensorVar.
const TensorVar &getTensorVar() const;
/// Returns the index variables used to index into the Access's TensorVar.
const std::vector<IndexVar>& getIndexVars() const;
/// Returns whether access expression returns sparsity pattern of tensor.
/// If true, the access expression returns 1 for every physically stored
/// component. If false, the access expression returns the value that is
/// stored for each corresponding component.
bool isAccessingStructure() const;
/// hasWindowedModes returns true if any accessed modes are windowed.
bool hasWindowedModes() const;
/// Returns whether or not the input mode (0-indexed) is windowed.
bool isModeWindowed(int mode) const;
/// Return the {lower,upper} bound of the window on the input mode (0-indexed).
int getWindowLowerBound(int mode) const;
int getWindowUpperBound(int mode) const;
/// getWindowSize returns the dimension size of a window.
int getWindowSize(int mode) const;
/// getStride returns the stride of a window.
int getStride(int mode) const;
/// hasIndexSetModes returns true if any accessed modes have an index set.
bool hasIndexSetModes() const;
/// Returns whether or not the input mode (0-indexed) has an index set.
bool isModeIndexSet(int mode) const;
/// getModeIndexSetTensor returns a TensorVar corresponding to the Tensor that
/// backs the index set for the input mode.
TensorVar getModeIndexSetTensor(int mode) const;
/// getIndexSet returns the index set of the input mode.
const std::vector<int>& getIndexSet(int mode) const;
/// Assign the result of an expression to a left-hand-side tensor access.
/// ```
/// a(i) = b(i) * c(i);
/// ```
Assignment operator=(const IndexExpr&);
/// Must override the default Access operator=, otherwise it is a copy.
Assignment operator=(const Access&);
/// Must disambiguate TensorVar as it can be implicitly converted to IndexExpr
/// and AccesExpr.
Assignment operator=(const TensorVar&);
/// Accumulate the result of an expression to a left-hand-side tensor access.
/// ```
/// a(i) += B(i,j) * c(j);
/// ```
Assignment operator+=(const IndexExpr&);
typedef AccessNode Node;
// Equality and comparison are overridden on Access to perform a deep
// comparison of the access rather than a pointer check.
friend bool operator==(const Access& a, const Access& b);
friend bool operator<(const Access& a, const Access &b);
};
/// A literal index expression is a scalar literal that is embedded in the code.
/// @note In the future we may allow general tensor literals.
class Literal : public IndexExpr {
public:
Literal() = default;
Literal(const LiteralNode*);
Literal(bool);
Literal(unsigned char);
Literal(unsigned short);
Literal(unsigned int);
Literal(unsigned long);
Literal(unsigned long long);
Literal(char);
Literal(short);
Literal(int);
Literal(long);
Literal(long long);
Literal(int8_t);
Literal(float);
Literal(double);
Literal(std::complex<float>);
Literal(std::complex<double>);
static Literal zero(Datatype);
/// Returns the literal value.
template <typename T> T getVal() const;
/// Returns an untyped pointer to the literal value
void* getValPtr();
typedef LiteralNode Node;
};
/// A neg expression computes negates a number.
/// ```
/// a(i) = -b(i);
/// ```
class Neg : public IndexExpr {
public:
Neg() = default;
Neg(const NegNode*);
Neg(IndexExpr a);
IndexExpr getA() const;
typedef NegNode Node;
};
/// An add expression adds two numbers.
/// ```
/// a(i) = b(i) + c(i);
/// ```
class Add : public IndexExpr {
public:
Add();
Add(const AddNode*);
Add(IndexExpr a, IndexExpr b);
IndexExpr getA() const;
IndexExpr getB() const;
typedef AddNode Node;
};
/// A sub expression subtracts two numbers.
/// ```
/// a(i) = b(i) - c(i);
/// ```
class Sub : public IndexExpr {
public:
Sub();
Sub(const SubNode*);
Sub(IndexExpr a, IndexExpr b);
IndexExpr getA() const;
IndexExpr getB() const;
typedef SubNode Node;
};
/// An mull expression multiplies two numbers.
/// ```
/// a(i) = b(i) * c(i);
/// ```
class Mul : public IndexExpr {
public:
Mul();
Mul(const MulNode*);
Mul(IndexExpr a, IndexExpr b);
IndexExpr getA() const;
IndexExpr getB() const;
typedef MulNode Node;
};
/// An div expression divides two numbers.
/// ```
/// a(i) = b(i) / c(i);
/// ```
class Div : public IndexExpr {
public:
Div();
Div(const DivNode*);
Div(IndexExpr a, IndexExpr b);
IndexExpr getA() const;
IndexExpr getB() const;
typedef DivNode Node;
};
/// A sqrt expression computes the square root of a number
/// ```
/// a(i) = sqrt(b(i));
/// ```
class Sqrt : public IndexExpr {
public:
Sqrt() = default;
Sqrt(const SqrtNode*);
Sqrt(IndexExpr a);
IndexExpr getA() const;
typedef SqrtNode Node;
};
/// A cast expression casts a value to a specified type
/// ```
/// a(i) = cast<float>(b(i))
/// ```
class Cast : public IndexExpr {
public:
Cast() = default;
Cast(const CastNode*);
Cast(IndexExpr a, Datatype newType);
IndexExpr getA() const;
typedef CastNode Node;
};
/// A call to an operator
class Call: public IndexExpr {
public:
Call() = default;
Call(const CallNode*);
Call(const CallNode*, std::string name);
const std::vector<IndexExpr>& getArgs() const;
const std::function<ir::Expr(const std::vector<ir::Expr>&)> getFunc() const;
const IterationAlgebra& getAlgebra() const;
const std::vector<Property>& getProperties() const;
const std::string getName() const;
const std::map<std::vector<int>, std::function<ir::Expr(const std::vector<ir::Expr>&)>> getDefs() const;
const std::vector<int>& getDefinedArgs() const;
typedef CallNode Node;
private:
std::string name;
};
/// A call to an intrinsic.
/// ```
/// a(i) = abs(b(i));
/// a(i) = pow(b(i),2);
/// ...
/// ```
class CallIntrinsic : public IndexExpr {
public:
CallIntrinsic() = default;
CallIntrinsic(const CallIntrinsicNode*);
CallIntrinsic(const std::shared_ptr<Intrinsic>& func,
const std::vector<IndexExpr>& args);
const Intrinsic& getFunc() const;
const std::vector<IndexExpr>& getArgs() const;
typedef CallIntrinsicNode Node;
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const IndexVar&);
/// Create calls to various intrinsics.
IndexExpr mod(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr abs(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr pow(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr square(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr cube(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr sqrt(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr cbrt(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr exp(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr log(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr log10(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr sin(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr cos(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr tan(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr asin(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr acos(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr atan(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr atan2(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr sinh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr cosh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr tanh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr asinh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr acosh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr atanh(IndexExpr);
IndexExpr gt(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr lt(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr gte(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr lte(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr eq(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr neq(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr max(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr min(IndexExpr, IndexExpr);
IndexExpr heaviside(IndexExpr, IndexExpr = IndexExpr());
IndexExpr Not(IndexExpr);
/// A reduction over the components indexed by the reduction variable.
class Reduction : public IndexExpr {
public:
Reduction() = default;
Reduction(const ReductionNode*);
Reduction(IndexExpr op, IndexVar var, IndexExpr expr);
IndexExpr getOp() const;
IndexVar getVar() const;
IndexExpr getExpr() const;
typedef ReductionNode Node;
};
/// Create a summation index expression.
Reduction sum(IndexVar i, IndexExpr expr);
/// Return true if the index statement is of the given subtype. The subtypes
/// are Assignment, Forall, Where, Multi, and Sequence.
template <typename SubType> bool isa(IndexStmt);
/// Casts the index statement to the given subtype. Assumes S is a subtype and
/// the subtypes are Assignment, Forall, Where, Multi, and Sequence.
template <typename SubType> SubType to(IndexStmt);
/// A an index statement computes a tensor. The index statements are
/// assignment, forall, where, multi, and sequence.
class IndexStmt : public util::IntrusivePtr<const IndexStmtNode> {
public:
IndexStmt();
IndexStmt(const IndexStmtNode* n);
/// Visit the tensor expression
void accept(IndexStmtVisitorStrict *) const;
/// Return the free and reduction index variables in the assignment.
std::vector<IndexVar> getIndexVars() const;
/// Returns the domains/dimensions of the index variables in the statement.
/// These are inferred from the dimensions they access.
std::map<IndexVar,Dimension> getIndexVarDomains() const;
/// Takes any index notation and concretizes unknowns to make it concrete notation
IndexStmt concretize() const;
/// Takes any index notation and concretizes unknowns to make it concrete notation
/// given a Provenance Graph of indexVars
IndexStmt concretizeScheduled(ProvenanceGraph provGraph, std::vector<IndexVar> forallIndexVarList) const;
/// The \code{split} transformation splits (strip-mines) an index
/// variable into two nested index variables, where the size of the
/// inner index variable is constant. The size of the outer index
/// variable is the size of the original index variable divided by the
/// size of the inner index variable, and the product of the new index
/// variables sizes therefore equals the size of the original index
/// variable. Note that in the generated code, when the size of the
/// inner index variable does not perfectly divide the original index
/// variable, a \textit{tail strategy} is employed such as emitting a variable
/// sized loop that handles remaining iterations.
/// Preconditions: splitFactor is a positive nonzero integer
IndexStmt split(IndexVar i, IndexVar i1, IndexVar i2, size_t splitFactor) const; // TODO: TailStrategy
/// The divide transformation splits one index variable into
/// two nested index variables, where the size of the outer
/// index variable is constant. The size of the inner index variable
/// is thus the size of the original index variable divided by the
/// size of the outer index variable. The divide
/// transformation is important in sparse codes because locating the
/// starting point of a tile can require an $O(n)$ or $O(\log (n))$
/// search. Therefore, if we want to parallelize a blocked
/// loop, then we want a fixed number of blocks and not a number
/// proportional to the tensor size.
/// Preconditions: divideFactor is a positive nonzero integer
IndexStmt divide(IndexVar i, IndexVar i1, IndexVar i2, size_t divideFactor) const; // TODO: TailStrategy
/// The reorder transformation swaps two directly nested index
/// variables in an iteration graph. This changes the order of
/// iteration through the space and the order of tensor accesses.
///
/// Preconditions:
/// The precondition of a reorder transformation is that it must not hoist
/// a tensor operation outside a reduction that it does not distribute
/// over. Otherwise, this will alter the contents of a reduction and change the
/// value of the result. In addition, we check that the result of the reorder
/// transformation does not cause for tensors to be iterated out of order.
/// Certain sparse data formats can only be accessed in a given mode ordering
/// and we verify that this ordering is preserved after the reorder.
IndexStmt reorder(IndexVar i, IndexVar j) const;
/// reorder takes a new ordering for a set of index variables that are directly nested in the iteration order
IndexStmt reorder(std::vector<IndexVar> reorderedvars) const;
/// The mergeby transformation specifies how to merge iterators on
/// the given index variable. By default, if an iterator is used for windowing
/// it will be merged with the "gallop" strategy.
/// All other iterators are merged with the "two finger" strategy.
/// The two finger strategy merges by advancing each iterator one at a time,
/// while the gallop strategy implements the exponential search algorithm.
///
/// Preconditions:
/// This command applies to variables involving sparse iterators only;
/// it is a no-op if the variable invovles any dense iterators.
/// Any variable can be merged with the two finger strategy, whereas gallop
/// only applies to a variable if its merge lattice has a single point
/// (i.e. an intersection). For example, if a variable involves multiplications
/// only, it can be merged with gallop.
/// Furthermore, all iterators must be ordered for gallop to apply.
IndexStmt mergeby(IndexVar i, MergeStrategy strategy) const;
/// The parallelize
/// transformation tags an index variable for parallel execution. The
/// transformation takes as an argument the type of parallel hardware
/// to execute on. The set of parallel hardware is extensible and our
/// current code generation algorithm supports SIMD vector units, CPU
/// threads, GPU thread blocks, GPU warps, and individual GPU threads.
/// Parallelizing the iteration over an index variable changes the iteration
/// order of the loop, and therefore requires reductions inside the
/// iteration space described by the index variable's sub-tree in the
/// iteration graph to be associative. Furthermore, if the
/// computation uses a reduction strategy that does not preserve the
/// order, such as atomic instructions, then the reductions must also
/// be commutative.
///
/// Preconditions:
/// Once a parallelize transformation is used, no other transformations may be
/// applied on the iteration graph as the preconditions for other transformations assume
/// serial code. In addition there are sometimes hardware-specific rules to how things can
/// be parallelized such as a CUDA warp is a fixed size of 32 threads or to parallelize over
/// CUDA threads then you must also parallelize over CUDA thread-blocks. These hardware-specific
/// rules are checked in the code generator rather than before the transformation.
///
/// In addition to hardware-specific preconditions, there are preconditions related to
/// coiteration that apply for all hardware. An index variable that indexes
/// into multiple sparse data structures cannot be parallelized as it is a while loop. Instead
/// this loop can be parallelized by first strip-mining it with the split or divide
/// transformation to create a parallel for loop with a serial nested while loop. Expressions
/// that have an output in a format that does not support random insert can also not be
/// parallelized. Parallelizing these expressions would require creating multiple copies of a
/// datastructure and then merging them, which is left to future work. Note that there is a special
/// case where the output's sparsity pattern is the same as one of the inputs.
/// This true of the popular sampled dense-dense matrix multiply (SDDMM),
/// tensor times vector (TTV), and tensor times matrix (TTM) kernels for example.
/// This does not require creating multiple copies, but the precondition still
/// prevents it as the implementation does not yet handle this special case.
///
/// Finally, there are preconditions related to data races during reductions. The parallelize
/// transformation allows for supplying a strategy to handle these data races. The NoRaces
/// strategy has the precondition that there can be no reductions in the computation.
/// The IgnoreRaces strategy has the precondition that for the given inputs the code generator can
/// assume that no data races will occur. For all other strategies other than Atomics,
/// there is the precondition
/// that the racing reduction must be over the index variable being parallelized.
IndexStmt parallelize(IndexVar i, ParallelUnit parallel_unit, OutputRaceStrategy output_race_strategy) const;
/// pos and coord create
/// new index variables in their respective iteration spaces.
/// pos requires a tensor access expression as input, that
/// describes the tensor whose coordinate hierarchy to perform a
/// position cut with respect to. Specifically, the derived ipos
/// variable will iterate over the tensor's position space at the
/// level that the i variable is used in the access expression
///
/// Preconditions:
/// The index variable supplied to the coord transformation must be in
/// position space. The index variable supplied to the pos transformation must
/// be in coordinate space. The pos transformation also takes an input to
/// indicate which position space to use. This input must appear in the computation
/// expression and also be indexed by this index variable. In the case that this
/// index variable is derived from multiple index variables, these variables must appear
/// directly nested in the mode ordering of this datastructure. This allows for
/// working with multi-dimensional position spaces.
IndexStmt pos(IndexVar i, IndexVar ipos, Access access) const;
// TODO: coord
/// The fuse transformation collapses two directly nested index
/// variables. It results in a new fused index variable that iterates
/// over the product of the coordinates of the fused index variables.
/// This transformation by itself does not change iteration order, but
/// facilitates other transformations such as iterating over the
/// position space of several variables and distributing a
/// multi-dimensional loop nest across a thread array on GPUs.
///
/// Preconditions:
/// The fuse transformation takes in two index variables. The second
/// index variable must be directly nested under the first index variable in
/// the iteration graph. In addition, the first index variable must be in
/// coordinate space. To work with a multi-dimensional position space,
/// it is instead necessary to fuse the coordinate dimensions and then use the
/// pos transformation. This allows us to isolate the necessary preconditions
/// to the pos transformation.
IndexStmt fuse(IndexVar i, IndexVar j, IndexVar f) const;
/// The precompute transformation is described in kjolstad2019
/// allows us to leverage scratchpad memories and
/// reorder computations to increase locality
IndexStmt precompute(IndexExpr expr, IndexVar i, IndexVar iw, TensorVar workspace) const;
/// The precompute transformation is described in kjolstad2019
/// allows us to leverage scratchpad memories and
/// reorder computations to increase locality
IndexStmt precompute(IndexExpr expr, std::vector<IndexVar> i_vars,
std::vector<IndexVar> iw_vars, TensorVar workspace) const;
/// bound specifies a compile-time constraint on an index variable's
/// iteration space that allows knowledge of the
/// size or structured sparsity pattern of the inputs to be
/// incorporated during bounds propagation
///
/// Preconditions:
/// The precondition for bound is that the computation bounds supplied are
/// correct given the inputs that this code will be run on.
IndexStmt bound(IndexVar i, IndexVar i1, size_t bound, BoundType bound_type) const;
/// The unroll primitive unrolls the corresponding loop by a statically-known
/// integer number of iterations
/// Preconditions: unrollFactor is a positive nonzero integer
IndexStmt unroll(IndexVar i, size_t unrollFactor) const;
/// The assemble primitive specifies whether a result tensor should be
/// assembled by appending or inserting nonzeros into the result tensor.
/// In the latter case, the transformation inserts additional loops to
/// precompute statistics about the result tensor that are required for
/// preallocating memory and coordinating insertions of nonzeros.
IndexStmt assemble(TensorVar result, AssembleStrategy strategy,
bool separately_schedulable = false) const;
/// The wsaccel primitive specifies the dimensions of a workspace that will be accelerated.
/// Acceleration means adding compressed acceleration datastructures (bitmap, coordinate list) to a dense workspace.
/// shouldAccel controls whether acceleration will be applied.
/// When shouldAccel is true, if accelIndexVars is empty, then all dimensions should be accelerated.
/// When shouldAccel is true, if accelIndexVars is not empty, then dimensions in accelIndexVars will be accelerated.
/// When shouldAccel is false, accelIndexVars is ignored.
/// Currently, it only supports one-dimension acceleration. Acceleration is used by default.
///
/// Precondition:
/// Workspace can be accessed by the IndexVars in the accelIndexVars.
IndexStmt wsaccel(TensorVar& ws, bool shouldAccel = true,const std::vector<IndexVar>& accelIndexVars ={});
/// Casts index statement to specified subtype.
template <typename SubType>
SubType as() {
return to<SubType>(*this);
}
};
/// Check if two index statements are isomorphic.
bool isomorphic(IndexStmt, IndexStmt);
/// Compare two index statments by value.
bool equals(IndexStmt, IndexStmt);
/// Print the index statement.
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const IndexStmt&);
/// An assignment statement assigns an index expression to the locations in a
/// tensor given by an lhs access expression.
class Assignment : public IndexStmt {
public:
Assignment() = default;
Assignment(const AssignmentNode*);
/// Create an assignment. Can specify an optional operator `op` that turns the
/// assignment into a compound assignment, e.g. `+=`.
Assignment(Access lhs, IndexExpr rhs, IndexExpr op = IndexExpr());
/// Create an assignment. Can specify an optional operator `op` that turns the
/// assignment into a compound assignment, e.g. `+=`. Additionally, specify
/// any modifers on reduction index variables (windows, index sets, etc.).
Assignment(TensorVar tensor, std::vector<IndexVar> indices, IndexExpr rhs,
IndexExpr op = IndexExpr(),
const std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<IndexVarIterationModifier>>& modifiers = {});
/// Return the assignment's left-hand side.
Access getLhs() const;
/// Return the assignment's right-hand side.
IndexExpr getRhs() const;
/// Return the assignment compound operator (e.g., `+=`) or an undefined
/// expression if the assignment is not compound (`=`).
IndexExpr getOperator() const;
/// Return the free index variables in the assignment, which are those used to
/// access the left-hand side.
const std::vector<IndexVar>& getFreeVars() const;
/// Return the reduction index variables i nthe assign
std::vector<IndexVar> getReductionVars() const;
/// Return the set relation of indexVars in lhs and rhs
IndexSetRel getIndexSetRel() const;
typedef AssignmentNode Node;
};
class Yield : public IndexStmt {
public:
Yield() = default;
Yield(const YieldNode*);
Yield(const std::vector<IndexVar>& indexVars, IndexExpr expr);
const std::vector<IndexVar>& getIndexVars() const;
IndexExpr getExpr() const;
typedef YieldNode Node;
};
/// A forall statement binds an index variable to values and evaluates the
/// sub-statement for each of these values.
class Forall : public IndexStmt {
public:
Forall() = default;
Forall(const ForallNode*);
Forall(IndexVar indexVar, IndexStmt stmt);
Forall(IndexVar indexVar, IndexStmt stmt, MergeStrategy merge_strategy, ParallelUnit parallel_unit, OutputRaceStrategy output_race_strategy, size_t unrollFactor = 0);
IndexVar getIndexVar() const;
IndexStmt getStmt() const;
ParallelUnit getParallelUnit() const;
OutputRaceStrategy getOutputRaceStrategy() const;
MergeStrategy getMergeStrategy() const;
size_t getUnrollFactor() const;
typedef ForallNode Node;
};
/// Create a forall index statement.
Forall forall(IndexVar i, IndexStmt stmt);
Forall forall(IndexVar i, IndexStmt stmt, MergeStrategy merge_strategy, ParallelUnit parallel_unit, OutputRaceStrategy output_race_strategy, size_t unrollFactor = 0);
/// A where statment has a producer statement that binds a tensor variable in
/// the environment of a consumer statement.
class Where : public IndexStmt {
public:
Where() = default;
Where(const WhereNode*);
Where(IndexStmt consumer, IndexStmt producer);
IndexStmt getConsumer();
IndexStmt getProducer();
/**
* Retrieve the result of this where statement;
*/
TensorVar getResult();
/**
* Retrieve the temporary variable of this where statement.
*/
TensorVar getTemporary();
typedef WhereNode Node;
};
/// Create a where index statement.
Where where(IndexStmt consumer, IndexStmt producer);
/// A sequence statement has two statements, a definition and a mutation, that
/// are executed in sequence. The defintion creates an index variable and the
/// mutation updates it.
class Sequence : public IndexStmt {
public:
Sequence() = default;
Sequence(const SequenceNode*);
Sequence(IndexStmt definition, IndexStmt mutation);
IndexStmt getDefinition() const;
IndexStmt getMutation() const;
typedef SequenceNode Node;
};
/// Create a sequence index statement.
Sequence sequence(IndexStmt definition, IndexStmt mutation);
class Assemble : public IndexStmt {
public:
typedef std::map<TensorVar,std::vector<std::vector<TensorVar>>> AttrQueryResults;
Assemble() = default;
Assemble(const AssembleNode*);
Assemble(IndexStmt queries, IndexStmt compute, AttrQueryResults results);
IndexStmt getQueries() const;
IndexStmt getCompute() const;
const AttrQueryResults& getAttrQueryResults() const;
typedef AssembleNode Node;
};
/// Create an assemble index statement.
Assemble assemble(IndexStmt queries, IndexStmt compute,
Assemble::AttrQueryResults results);
/// A multi statement has two statements that are executed separately, and let
/// us compute more than one tensor in a concrete index notation statement.
class Multi : public IndexStmt {
public:
Multi() = default;
Multi(const MultiNode*);
Multi(IndexStmt stmt1, IndexStmt stmt2);
IndexStmt getStmt1() const;
IndexStmt getStmt2() const;
typedef MultiNode Node;
};
/// Create a multi index statement.
Multi multi(IndexStmt stmt1, IndexStmt stmt2);
/// IndexVarInterface is a marker superclass for IndexVar-like objects.
/// It is intended to be used in situations where many IndexVar-like objects
/// must be stored together, like when building an Access AST node where some
/// of the access variables are windowed. Use cases for IndexVarInterface
/// will inspect the underlying type of the IndexVarInterface. For sake of
/// completeness, the current implementers of IndexVarInterface are:
/// * IndexVar
/// * WindowedIndexVar
/// * IndexSetVar
/// If this set changes, make sure to update the match function.
class IndexVarInterface {
public:
virtual ~IndexVarInterface() = default;
/// match performs a dynamic case analysis of the implementers of IndexVarInterface
/// as a utility for handling the different values within. It mimics the dynamic
/// type assertion of Go.
static void match(
std::shared_ptr<IndexVarInterface> ptr,
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<IndexVar>)> ivarFunc,
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<WindowedIndexVar>)> wvarFunc,
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<IndexSetVar>)> isetVarFunc
) {
auto iptr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IndexVar>(ptr);
auto wptr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<WindowedIndexVar>(ptr);
auto sptr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IndexSetVar>(ptr);
if (iptr != nullptr) {
ivarFunc(iptr);
} else if (wptr != nullptr) {
wvarFunc(wptr);
} else if (sptr != nullptr) {
isetVarFunc(sptr);
} else {
taco_iassert("IndexVarInterface was not IndexVar, WindowedIndexVar or IndexSetVar");
}
}
};
/// WindowedIndexVar represents an IndexVar that has been windowed. For example,
/// A(i) = B(i(2, 4))
/// In this case, i(2, 4) is a WindowedIndexVar. WindowedIndexVar is defined
/// before IndexVar so that IndexVar can return objects of type WindowedIndexVar.
class WindowedIndexVar : public util::Comparable<WindowedIndexVar>, public IndexVarInterface {
public:
WindowedIndexVar(IndexVar base, int lo = -1, int hi = -1, int stride = 1);
~WindowedIndexVar() = default;
/// getIndexVar returns the underlying IndexVar.
IndexVar getIndexVar() const;
/// get{Lower,Upper}Bound returns the {lower,upper} bound of the window of
/// this index variable.
int getLowerBound() const;
int getUpperBound() const;
/// getStride returns the stride to access the window by.
int getStride() const;
/// getWindowSize returns the number of elements in the window.
int getWindowSize() const;
private:
struct Content;
std::shared_ptr<Content> content;
};
/// IndexSetVar represents an IndexVar that has been projected via a set
/// of values. For example,
/// A(i) = B(i({1, 3, 5}))
/// projects the elements of B to be just elements at indexes 1, 3 and 5. In
/// this case, i({1, 3, 5}) is an IndexSetvar.
class IndexSetVar : public util::Comparable<IndexSetVar>, public IndexVarInterface {
public:
IndexSetVar(IndexVar base, std::vector<int> indexSet);
~IndexSetVar() = default;
/// getIndexVar returns the underlying IndexVar.
IndexVar getIndexVar() const;
/// getIndexSet returns the index set.
const std::vector<int>& getIndexSet() const;
private:
struct Content;
std::shared_ptr<Content> content;
};
/// Index variables are used to index into tensors in index expressions, and
/// they represent iteration over the tensor modes they index into.
class IndexVar : public IndexExpr, public IndexVarInterface {
public:
IndexVar();
~IndexVar() = default;
IndexVar(const std::string& name);
IndexVar(const std::string& name, const Datatype& type);
IndexVar(const IndexVarNode *);
/// Returns the name of the index variable.
std::string getName() const;
// Need these to overshadow the comparisons in for the IndexExpr instrusive pointer
friend bool operator==(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
friend bool operator<(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
friend bool operator!=(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
friend bool operator>=(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
friend bool operator<=(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
friend bool operator>(const IndexVar&, const IndexVar&);
typedef IndexVarNode Node;
/// Indexing into an IndexVar returns a window into it.
WindowedIndexVar operator()(int lo, int hi, int stride = 1);
/// Indexing into an IndexVar with a vector returns an index set into it.
IndexSetVar operator()(std::vector<int>&& indexSet);
IndexSetVar operator()(std::vector<int>& indexSet);
private:
struct Content;
std::shared_ptr<Content> content;
};
struct IndexVar::Content {
std::string name;
};
struct WindowedIndexVar::Content {
IndexVar base;
int lo;
int hi;
int stride;
};
struct IndexSetVar::Content {
IndexVar base;
std::vector<int> indexSet;
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const std::shared_ptr<IndexVarInterface>&);
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const IndexVar&);
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const WindowedIndexVar&);
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const IndexSetVar&);
/// A suchthat statement provides a set of IndexVarRel that constrain
/// the iteration space for the child concrete index notation
class SuchThat : public IndexStmt {
public:
SuchThat() = default;
SuchThat(const SuchThatNode*);
SuchThat(IndexStmt stmt, std::vector<IndexVarRel> predicate);
IndexStmt getStmt() const;
std::vector<IndexVarRel> getPredicate() const;
typedef SuchThatNode Node;
};
/// Create a suchthat index statement.
SuchThat suchthat(IndexStmt stmt, std::vector<IndexVarRel> predicate);
/// A tensor variable in an index expression, which can either be an operand
/// or the result of the expression.
class TensorVar : public util::Comparable<TensorVar> {
public:
TensorVar();
TensorVar(const Type& type, const Literal& fill = Literal());
TensorVar(const std::string& name, const Type& type, const Literal& fill = Literal());
TensorVar(const Type& type, const Format& format, const Literal& fill = Literal());
TensorVar(const std::string& name, const Type& type, const Format& format, const Literal& fill = Literal());
TensorVar(const int &id, const std::string& name, const Type& type, const Format& format,
const Literal& fill = Literal());
/// Returns the ID of the tensor variable.
int getId() const;
/// Returns the name of the tensor variable.
std::string getName() const;
/// Returns the order of the tensor (number of modes).
int getOrder() const;
/// Returns the type of the tensor variable.
const Type& getType() const;
/// Returns the format of the tensor variable.
const Format& getFormat() const;
/// Returns the schedule of the tensor var, which describes how to compile
/// and execute it's expression.
const Schedule& getSchedule() const;
/// Gets the fill value of the tensor variable. May be left undefined.
const Literal& getFill() const;
/// Gets the acceleration dimensions
const std::vector<IndexVar>& getAccelIndexVars() const;
/// Gets the acceleration flag
bool getShouldAccel() const;
/// Set the acceleration dimensions
void setAccelIndexVars(const std::vector<IndexVar>& accelIndexVars, bool shouldAccel);
/// Set the fill value of the tensor variable
void setFill(const Literal& fill);
/// Set the name of the tensor variable.
void setName(std::string name);
/// Check whether the tensor variable is defined.
bool defined() const;
/// Create an index expression that accesses (reads) this tensor.
const Access operator()(const std::vector<IndexVar>& indices) const;
/// Create an index expression that accesses (reads) this tensor.
template <typename... IndexVars>
const Access operator()(const IndexVars&... indices) const {
return static_cast<const TensorVar*>(this)->operator()({indices...});
}
/// Create an index expression that accesses (reads or writes) this tensor.
Access operator()(const std::vector<IndexVar>& indices);
/// Create an index expression that accesses (reads or writes) this tensor.
template <typename... IndexVars>
Access operator()(const IndexVars&... indices) {
return this->operator()({indices...});
}
/// Assign a scalar expression to a scalar tensor.
Assignment operator=(IndexExpr);
/// Add a scalar expression to a scalar tensor.
Assignment operator+=(IndexExpr);
friend bool operator==(const TensorVar&, const TensorVar&);
friend bool operator<(const TensorVar&, const TensorVar&);
private:
struct Content;
std::shared_ptr<Content> content;
};
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const TensorVar&);
/// Check whether the statment is in the einsum index notation dialect.
/// This means the statement is an assignment, does not have any reduction
/// nodes, and is a sum of product, e.g., `a*...*b + ... + c*...*d`. You can
/// optionally pass in a pointer to a string that the reason why it is not
/// concrete notation is printed to.
bool isEinsumNotation(IndexStmt, std::string* reason=nullptr);
/// Check whether the statement is in the reduction index notation dialect.
/// This means the statement is an assignment and that every reduction variable
/// has a reduction node nested above all variable uses. You can optionally
/// pass in a pointer to a string that the reason why it is not concrete
/// notation is printed to.
bool isReductionNotation(IndexStmt, std::string* reason=nullptr);
/// Check whether the statement is in the reduction index notation dialect
/// given a schedule described by the Provenance Graph
bool isReductionNotationScheduled(IndexStmt, ProvenanceGraph, std::string* reason=nullptr);
/// Check whether the statement is in the concrete index notation dialect.
/// This means every index variable has a forall node, each index variable used
/// for computation is under a forall node for that variable, there are no reduction
/// nodes, and that every reduction variable use is nested inside a compound
/// assignment statement. You can optionally pass in a pointer to a string
/// that the reason why it is not concrete notation is printed to.
bool isConcreteNotation(IndexStmt, std::string* reason=nullptr);
/// Convert einsum notation to reduction notation, by applying Einstein's
/// summation convention to sum non-free/reduction variables over their term.
Assignment makeReductionNotation(Assignment);
IndexStmt makeReductionNotation(IndexStmt);
/// Convert reduction notation to concrete notation, by inserting forall nodes,
/// replacing reduction nodes by compound assignments, and inserting temporaries
/// as needed.
IndexStmt makeConcreteNotation(IndexStmt);
/// Convert einsum notation to reduction notation, by applying Einstein's
/// summation convention to sum non-free/reduction variables over their term
/// taking into account a schedule given by the Provenance Graph.
Assignment makeReductionNotationScheduled(Assignment, ProvenanceGraph);
IndexStmt makeReductionNotationScheduled(IndexStmt, ProvenanceGraph);
/// Convert reduction notation to concrete notation, by inserting forall nodes,
/// replacing reduction nodes by compound assignments, and inserting temporaries
/// as needed while taking into account a schedule given by the Provenance Graph.
IndexStmt makeConcreteNotationScheduled(IndexStmt, ProvenanceGraph, std::vector<IndexVar> forallIndexVars);
/// Returns the results of the index statement, in the order they appear.
std::vector<TensorVar> getResults(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the input tensors to the index statement, in the order they appear.
std::vector<TensorVar> getArguments(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns true iff all of the loops over free variables come before all of the loops over
/// reduction variables. Therefore, this returns true if the reduction controlled by the loops
/// does not a scatter.
bool allForFreeLoopsBeforeAllReductionLoops(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the temporaries in the index statement, in the order they appear.
std::vector<TensorVar> getTemporaries(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the attribute query results in the index statement, in the order
/// they appear.
std::vector<TensorVar> getAttrQueryResults(IndexStmt stmt);
// [Olivia]
/// Returns the temporaries in the index statement, in the order they appear.
std::map<Forall, Where> getTemporaryLocations(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the results in the index statement that should be assembled by
/// ungrouped insertion.
std::vector<TensorVar> getAssembledByUngroupedInsertion(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the tensors in the index statement.
std::vector<TensorVar> getTensorVars(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the result accesses, in the order they appear, as well as the set of
/// result accesses that are reduced into.
std::pair<std::vector<Access>,std::set<Access>> getResultAccesses(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the input accesses, in the order they appear.
std::vector<Access> getArgumentAccesses(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the index variables in the index statement.
std::vector<IndexVar> getIndexVars(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Returns the index variables in the index expression.
std::vector<IndexVar> getIndexVars(IndexExpr expr);
/// Returns the reduction variables in the index statement.
std::vector<IndexVar> getReductionVars(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Convert index notation tensor variables to IR pointer variables.
std::vector<ir::Expr> createVars(const std::vector<TensorVar>& tensorVars,
std::map<TensorVar, ir::Expr>* vars,
bool isParameter=false);
/// Convert index notation tensor variables in the index statement to IR
/// pointer variables.
std::map<TensorVar,ir::Expr> createIRTensorVars(IndexStmt stmt);
/// Simplify an index expression by setting the zeroed Access expressions to
/// zero and then propagating and removing zeroes.
IndexExpr zero(IndexExpr, const std::set<Access>& zeroed);
/// Simplify an index expression by setting the zeroed Access expressions to
/// zero and then propagating and removing zeroes.
IndexStmt zero(IndexStmt, const std::set<Access>& zeroed);
/// Infers the fill value of the input expression by applying properties if possible. If unable
/// to successfully infer the fill value of the result, returns the empty IndexExpr
IndexExpr inferFill(IndexExpr);
/// Returns true if there are no forall nodes in the indexStmt. Used to check
/// if the last loop is being lowered.
bool hasNoForAlls(IndexStmt);
/// Create an `other` tensor with the given name and format,
/// and return tensor(indexVars) = other(indexVars) if otherIsOnRight,
/// and otherwise returns other(indexVars) = tensor(indexVars).
IndexStmt generatePackStmt(TensorVar tensor,
std::string otherName, Format otherFormat,
std::vector<IndexVar> indexVars, bool otherIsOnRight);
/// Same as generatePackStmt, where otherFormat is COO.
IndexStmt generatePackCOOStmt(TensorVar tensor,
std::vector<IndexVar> indexVars, bool otherIsOnRight);
}
#endif
``` |
Cheddleton railway station is a former passenger railway station of the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) and is now a preserved station on the Churnet Valley Railway in Staffordshire, England].
History
Cheddleton station, situated on the Churnet Valley Line of the NSR, was opened to passengers and goods on 1 September 1849.
The station was a quiet country station serving the needs of nearby Cheddleton village, and for a time, the settlement of Ipstones, which is out of the valley.
As with many stations in the 1960s, levels of traffic decreased to such an extent that the station was considered non-viable and closed to both passengers and goods in 1965.
Churnet Valley Railway early days
During the 1970s a railway preservation base was established at Cheddleton railway station. This was due to a campaign by local people, spearheaded by local businessman and resident Norman Hancock, who in May 1974 as a mark of protest parked his Jaguar car on the level crossing where the railway line meets Basford Bridge Lane in Cheddleton. Following his actions and with support from a local campaign the station building was saved from demolition and became a grade II listed building on 14 May 1974. Cheddleton Station later became the base of the Churnet Valley Railway and has a commemorative plaque dedicated to Hancock on the wall.
Initially, there was a railway museum displaying artefacts relating to the North Staffordshire Railway. In 1978 the NSRS became the North Staffordshire Railway Co. (1978) Ltd, and it became a charity in 1983.
Later the bay platform area was acquired in 1984 and a former NSR signal box was put into use. The Churnet Valley line finally closed for sand traffic in 1988 and the NSRC jumped at the chance to purchase the line from British Rail by publicising its share prospectus.
The first passenger train to leave Cheddleton onto the mainline under CVR control left for on 24 August 1996.
Later developments
Since the first trains ran in 1996 the CVR has grown with Cheddleton remaining its headquarters. The station area has benefited from temporary buildings on the opposite side to the original, housing a shop and tea room. The yard to the south of the platforms has progressively expanded with several roads, an inspection pit, and carriage shed being some of the facilities now in use as well as the main engine shed that was built early on. Recently the second platform has been reconnected to the main line by means of a siding which will one day form a loop to pass trains on.
Cheddleton tunnel
Just to the north of the station lies the long Cheddleton Tunnel.
See also
Listed buildings in Cheddleton
Route
References
External links
Churnet Valley Railway Cheddleton Homepage
Heritage railway stations in Staffordshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Grade II listed railway stations
Grade II listed buildings in Staffordshire
Beeching closures in England
1849 establishments in England |
```gas
;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2012 STMicroelectronics *******************
;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_cl.s
;* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V3.6.1
;* Date : 09-March-2012
;* Description : STM32F10x Connectivity line devices vector table for
;* EWARM toolchain.
;* This module performs:
;* - Set the initial SP
;* - Configure the clock system
;* - Set the initial PC == __iar_program_start,
;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR
;* address.
;* After Reset the Cortex-M3 processor is in Thread mode,
;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;********************************************************************************
;*
;*
;* path_to_url
;*
;* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
;* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
;*
;*******************************************************************************
;
;
; The modules in this file are included in the libraries, and may be replaced
; by any user-defined modules that define the PUBLIC symbol _program_start or
; a user defined start symbol.
; To override the cstartup defined in the library, simply add your modified
; version to the workbench project.
;
; The vector table is normally located at address 0.
; When debugging in RAM, it can be located in RAM, aligned to at least 2^6.
; The name "__vector_table" has special meaning for C-SPY:
; it is where the SP start value is found, and the NVIC vector
; table register (VTOR) is initialized to this address if != 0.
;
; Cortex-M version
;
MODULE ?cstartup
;; Forward declaration of sections.
SECTION CSTACK:DATA:NOROOT(3)
SECTION .intvec:CODE:NOROOT(2)
EXTERN __iar_program_start
EXTERN SystemInit
PUBLIC __vector_table
DATA
__vector_table
DCD sfe(CSTACK)
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 and ADC2
DCD CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN1 TX
DCD CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC alarm through EXTI line
DCD OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel2
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3
DCD DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4
DCD DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel5
DCD ETH_IRQHandler ; Ethernet
DCD ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD CAN2_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN2 TX
DCD CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX0
DCD CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX1
DCD CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN2 SCE
DCD OTG_FS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; Default interrupt handlers.
;;
THUMB
PUBWEAK Reset_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(2)
Reset_Handler
LDR R0, =SystemInit
BLX R0
LDR R0, =__iar_program_start
BX R0
PUBWEAK NMI_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
NMI_Handler
B NMI_Handler
PUBWEAK HardFault_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
HardFault_Handler
B HardFault_Handler
PUBWEAK MemManage_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
MemManage_Handler
B MemManage_Handler
PUBWEAK BusFault_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
BusFault_Handler
B BusFault_Handler
PUBWEAK UsageFault_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
UsageFault_Handler
B UsageFault_Handler
PUBWEAK SVC_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
SVC_Handler
B SVC_Handler
PUBWEAK DebugMon_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DebugMon_Handler
B DebugMon_Handler
PUBWEAK PendSV_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
PendSV_Handler
B PendSV_Handler
PUBWEAK SysTick_Handler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
SysTick_Handler
B SysTick_Handler
PUBWEAK WWDG_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
WWDG_IRQHandler
B WWDG_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK PVD_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
PVD_IRQHandler
B PVD_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TAMPER_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TAMPER_IRQHandler
B TAMPER_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK RTC_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
RTC_IRQHandler
B RTC_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK FLASH_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
FLASH_IRQHandler
B FLASH_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK RCC_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
RCC_IRQHandler
B RCC_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI0_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI0_IRQHandler
B EXTI0_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI1_IRQHandler
B EXTI1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI2_IRQHandler
B EXTI2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI3_IRQHandler
B EXTI3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI4_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI4_IRQHandler
B EXTI4_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
B DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK ADC1_2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
B ADC1_2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
B CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
B CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
B CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
B CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
B EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
B TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
B TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
B TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
B TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM2_IRQHandler
B TIM2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM3_IRQHandler
B TIM3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM4_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM4_IRQHandler
B TIM4_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
B I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
B I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
B I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
B I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK SPI1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
SPI1_IRQHandler
B SPI1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK SPI2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
SPI2_IRQHandler
B SPI2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK USART1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
USART1_IRQHandler
B USART1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK USART2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
USART2_IRQHandler
B USART2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK USART3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
USART3_IRQHandler
B USART3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
B EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
B RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
B OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM5_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM5_IRQHandler
B TIM5_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK SPI3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
SPI3_IRQHandler
B SPI3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK UART4_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
UART4_IRQHandler
B UART4_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK UART5_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
UART5_IRQHandler
B UART5_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM6_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM6_IRQHandler
B TIM6_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK TIM7_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
TIM7_IRQHandler
B TIM7_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
B DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
B DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
B DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
B DMA2_Channel4_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
B DMA2_Channel5_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK ETH_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
ETH_IRQHandler
B ETH_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
B ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
B CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
B CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
B CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
B CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
PUBWEAK OTG_FS_IRQHandler
SECTION .text:CODE:REORDER(1)
OTG_FS_IRQHandler
B OTG_FS_IRQHandler
END
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
``` |
Hunt Club, hunt club, or hunting club may refer to:
Hunt Club, area of Ottawa, Canada
Hunt Club Road
Hunt Club Park, a different neighbourhood in Ottawa
The Hunt Club, 2010 album by Sector Seven
Hunt Club (film), a 2023 film starring Mickey Rourke
hunting club, either:
Club (weapon) used for hunting
Club (organization) for hunters |
```javascript
'use strict';
/**
* 404 (Not Found) Handler
*
* Usage:
* return res.notFound();
* return res.notFound(err);
* return res.notFound(err, 'some/specific/notfound/view');
*
* e.g.:
* ```
* return res.notFound();
* ```
*
* NOTE:
* If a request doesn't match any explicit routes (i.e. `config/routes.js`)
* or route blueprints (i.e. "shadow routes", Sails will call `res.notFound()`
* automatically.
*
* @param {{}} data Data for response
* @param {{}} options Response options
* @returns {*}
*/
module.exports = function notFound(data, options) {
// Get access to `req`, `res`, & `sails`
var request = this.req;
var response = this.res;
var sails = request._sails;
/**
* If second argument is a string, we take that to mean it refers to a view.
* If it was omitted, use an empty object (`{}`)
*/
options = (typeof options === 'string') ? {view: options} : options || {};
// Set status code
response.status(404);
// Log error to console
if (data !== undefined) {
sails.log.verbose('Sending 404 ("Not Found") response: \n', data);
} else {
sails.log.verbose('Sending 404 ("Not Found") response');
}
// Backend will always response JSON
return response.jsonx(data);
};
``` |
Roger David Connor (born 8 June 1939) is a British judge.
Early life
Connor was born in 1939, the son of Susie Violet (née Spittlehouse) and Thomas Bernard Connor. He attended Merchant Taylors' School in London, before studying at Brunel College of Advanced Science and Technology. He then studied law at The College of Law.
Legal career
Connor's professional career began as a solicitor. He did an apprenticeship with J. R. Hodder between 1963 and 1968, before working as an assistant solicitor. In 1970, he became a partner in Hodders Solicitors, a position he held until 1983. He served as a Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate between 1983 and 1991, acting as a recorder for the last four of these years. In 1991, he became a circuit judge. He retired in 2005, and was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire.
During his time as a judge, he was once suspended from a case for laughing during the speech of a defence counsel.
Views
When interviewed in 2005, Connor expressed his support of Drug Testing and Treatment Orders, which enable drug-related offenders to receive treatment in place of custodial sentences. Connor described these orders as "wonderful when they work", although they could only really be used "when the defendant is sufficiently motivated". Connor also expressed disagreement with judges who sentence mental health sufferers to prison terms, which he called a "disgrace".
Personal life
Connor married Sandra Home Holmes in 1967. They have two sons. They live in Little Missenden in Buckinghamshire.
Connor's interests include playing golf and gardening. He is a member of Beaconsfield Golf Club and East Devon Golf Club. and a Deputy Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire.
References
1939 births
21st-century English judges
Deputy Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
Living people
20th-century English judges
Stipendiary magistrates (England and Wales)
Lawyers from Buckinghamshire
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood |
Jaume Safont (1420–1487), called Jacme ça Font in contemporary records, was a Catalan poet and notary.
From March 1436 he worked as a scrivener for the municipal council of Barcelona, his birthplace, and from July 1440 he worked in the scriptorium of the Generalitat de Catalunya. In that capacity he wrote the Dietari de la Generalitat for the years between 1454 and 1472. The Dietari is a daily record of events political, military, and religious for the use of the Generalitat. Jaume compiled his information for the Diputació del General that covers the years between 1411 and 1478/84; his years are the most detailed and anecdotal. The Dietari was edited under the title Dietari, o, Llibre de jornades de Jaume Safont by Josep Maria Sans i Travé (Barcelona: Fundació Noguera, 1992).
In 1462 Jaume was named procurator in charge of collecting the imposts known as the generalitats. In politics he was a member of the faction known as the Biga and opposed the royal interests of Alfonso the Magnanimous. When the opponents of the Biga, the Busca, removed the Lieutenant of Catalonia, Galceran de Requesens, and took control of the Barcelonan government in 1456, instituting protectionist reforms, Jaume records in his Dietari the tension that existed between the Biga-dominated Generalitat and the royally-supported Busca municipal council. During the Catalan Civil War, he supported Charles, Prince of Viana, against John II.
Bibliography
Història de la Generalitat de Catalunya i els seus Presidents. Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2003. .
Riquer, Martí de (1964). Història de la Literatura Catalana, vol. 1. Barcelona: Edicions Ariel.
1420 births
1487 deaths
Politicians from Barcelona
Historians from Catalonia |
```vue
<template>
<div
:class="[prefixCls + '-alpha']"
tabindex="0"
@click="$el.focus()"
@keydown.esc="handleEscape"
@keydown.left="handleLeft"
@keydown.right="handleRight"
@keydown.up="handleUp"
@keydown.down="handleDown"
>
<div :class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-checkboard-wrap']">
<div :class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-checkerboard']"></div>
</div>
<div
:style="gradientStyle"
:class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-gradient']"></div>
<div
ref="container"
:class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-container']"
@mousedown="handleMouseDown"
@touchmove="handleChange"
@touchstart="handleChange">
<div
:style="{top: 0, left: `${value.a * 100}%`}"
:class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-pointer']">
<div :class="[prefixCls + '-alpha-picker']"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import HSAMixin from './hsaMixin';
import Prefixes from './prefixMixin';
import {clamp, toRGBAString} from './utils';
export default {
name: 'Alpha',
mixins: [HSAMixin, Prefixes],
data() {
const normalStep = 1;
const jumpStep = 10;
return {
left: -normalStep,
right: normalStep,
up: jumpStep,
down: -jumpStep,
powerKey: 'shiftKey',
};
},
computed: {
gradientStyle() {
const {r, g, b} = this.value.rgba;
const start = toRGBAString({r, g, b, a: 0});
const finish = toRGBAString({r, g, b, a: 1});
return {background: `linear-gradient(to right, ${start} 0%, ${finish} 100%)`};
},
},
methods: {
change(newAlpha) {
const {h, s, l} = this.value.hsl;
const {a} = this.value;
if (a !== newAlpha) {
this.$emit('change', {h, s, l, a: newAlpha, source: 'rgba'});
}
},
handleSlide(e, direction) {
e.preventDefault();
e.stopPropagation();
this.change(clamp(e[this.powerKey] ? direction : Math.round(this.value.hsl.a * 100 + direction) / 100, 0, 1));
},
handleChange(e) {
e.preventDefault();
e.stopPropagation();
const left = this.getLeft(e);
if (left < 0) {
this.change(0);
return;
}
const {clientWidth} = this.$refs.container;
if (left > clientWidth) {
this.change(1);
return;
}
this.change(Math.round(left * 100 / clientWidth) / 100);
},
},
};
</script>
``` |
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