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Moses Cheruiyot Mosop (born 7 July 1985) is a Kenyan middle and long distance athlete. He competed for Kenya at the 2004 Olympic Games and went on to take 10,000 metres bronze at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. He has also been successful in cross country running, having won the silver at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships as well as team gold with Kenya in 2007 and 2009.
Until 2014-09-30, Mosop was managed by Jos Hermens and coached by Renato Canova. At the 2011-04-18 Boston Marathon, Mosop and countryman Geoffrey Mutai ran what at the time were the fastest times ever recorded for a marathon – 2:03:06 and 2:03:02, respectively – shattering the Boston course record by nearly three minutes.
Career
Early running
Born in Kamasia, Marakwet District, Mosop started running while at primary school and later went to Marakwet High School. He qualified for the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Belfast, where he finished tenth in the junior race. It was in this occasion that he joined the management of the Italian Gianni Demadonna, and started to be coached by Renato Canova, that developed his talent from the youth category up to the current international level.
At the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Lausanne he fared slightly better, finishing 7th in the junior race. At the 2003 All-Africa Games, he was fifth in men's 10,000 metres. He made his Olympic debut at the 2004 Athens Olympics and was seventh overall in the 10,000 metres final. Mosop also won the Giro Podistico di Pettinengo 9.6 km race in 2004.
He was the winner of the Almond Blossom Cross Country in March 2005 and placed 18th at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships soon after. Competing in the 10,000 metres in the 2005 World Championships, he won the bronze medal, setting a personal best of 27:08.96 minutes. He occasionally runs the 3000 and 5000 metres and holds personal bests of 7:36 min and 12:54 min in those events.
He headed further up the podium at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He finished second in the senior race and took the team gold with Kenya. He took back-to-back wins at the Giro al Sas 10K race in 2007 and 2008. In March 2009 he won the Cross di Alà dei Sardi in Sardinia. He returned to world competition two years later, but he could not repeat his medal form at the 2009 World Cross Country Championships (finishing in eleventh place), although he still won team gold with Kenya.
Mosop won the men's race at the 2010 Stramilano Half Marathon, clocking 59:20 for the win over Silas Kipruto. His coach stated that Mosop was progressing as a road runner and might make a move to the marathon distance. Attempting to defend his title at the Giro Media Blenio 10K (which he won in 2009), he finished second in a sprint finish just behind Imane Merga. He was chosen for the Kenyan team at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and he finished in tenth place. At the Zevenheuvelenloop 15K race, he was off the pace and finished sixth – almost two minutes behind Leonard Patrick Komon who set a world record.
2011: Marathon debut and world records
His first race of 2011 was the Paris Half Marathon, where he finished second behind Stephen Kibet. On 2011-04-18, he ran his marathon debut at the Boston Marathon, coming second in a time of 2:03:06. He and fellow countryman Geoffrey Mutai ran what at the time were the fastest times ever recorded for a marathon, shattering the time of the then existing world record (2:03:59 by Haile Gebrselassie) by nearly one minute, and the Boston course record by nearly three minutes. Helped by ideal cool temperatures and a strong tailwind on the point-to-point course, the lead pack reached the halfway mark on record pace of 1:01:54. The two Kenyans broke away from the pack at 30 kilometres and ran stride-for-stride over the last 12 kilometres until a sprint in the final straight-away by Mutai gave him the victory by four seconds, 2:03:02 to 2:03:06.
Because Boston is a point-to-point course, with an overall downhill slope, the times were not officially recognised. The IAAF rules essentially require marathon records to be established on a loop course (thereby neutralising the impact of wind and course elevation changes). The previous record at Boston was 2:05:52, set in 2010 by Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot who was the first to break 2:06 at Boston, while the current world record (yet to be ratified) is 2:02:57, run by Dennis Kimetto at Berlin in 2014.
As part of the 2011 Prefontaine Classic, Mosop was selected in an attempt to break the world record for the infrequently contested 30,000 m on the track. He shattered Toshihiko Seko's thirty-year-old world record by over two and a half minutes, running a time of 1:26:47.4 hours. He also smashed Seko's 25,000 m record by a minute and a half, passing the 25K intermediate mark at 1:12:25.4 hours. He stepped down in distance to run at the B.A.A. 10K in June and took third place on the podium.
2011-10-09, Mosop won the Chicago Marathon with a time of 2:05:37, beating Sammy Wanjiru's course record by four seconds. At the start of 2012, he was sixth at the Paris Half Marathon in preparation for the Rotterdam Marathon the following month. He was the pre-race favourite and attempted to break the marathon world record, but fell behind Yemane Tsegay and Getu Feleke, eventually finishing with a time of 2:05:03 hours. Nevertheless, he was selected for the Kenyan Olympic marathon team, but a tendon injury forced him to withdraw and he was replaced by Emmanuel Mutai.
Personal life
In 2005 Mosop was reported to be married with Rose Cheruiyot (not the runner of the same name) with one daughter. As of 2010, he is married to the runner Florence Kiplagat, with whom he has also a daughter, named Aisha. His brothers Elias Mosop and Philemon Mosop are also runners.
Personal bests
(*) Downhill and point-to-point course
All information taken from IAAF profile.
International competitions
Marathons
References
External links
IAAF, 14 March 2005: Focus on Africa – Moses Mosop (KEN)
1985 births
Living people
People from Elgeyo-Marakwet County
Kenyan male long-distance runners
Kenyan male marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Kenya
World Athletics record holders
Chicago Marathon male winners
World Athletics Championships medalists
Kenyan male cross country runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 All-Africa Games
African Games competitors for Kenya |
```objective-c
// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler, do not modify
#ifndef FLATBUFFERS_GENERATED_FILE_ORG_APACHE_ARROW_FLATBUF_H_
#define FLATBUFFERS_GENERATED_FILE_ORG_APACHE_ARROW_FLATBUF_H_
#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
// Ensure the included flatbuffers.h is the same version as when this file was
// generated, otherwise it may not be compatible.
static_assert(FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR == 23 &&
FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR == 5 &&
FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION == 26,
"Non-compatible flatbuffers version included");
#include "Schema_generated.h"
namespace org {
namespace apache {
namespace arrow {
namespace flatbuf {
struct Footer;
struct FooterBuilder;
struct Block;
FLATBUFFERS_MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(8) Block FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS {
private:
int64_t offset_;
int32_t metaDataLength_;
int32_t padding0__;
int64_t bodyLength_;
public:
Block()
: offset_(0),
metaDataLength_(0),
padding0__(0),
bodyLength_(0) {
(void)padding0__;
}
Block(int64_t _offset, int32_t _metaDataLength, int64_t _bodyLength)
: offset_(::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(_offset)),
metaDataLength_(::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(_metaDataLength)),
padding0__(0),
bodyLength_(::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(_bodyLength)) {
(void)padding0__;
}
/// Index to the start of the RecordBlock (note this is past the Message header)
int64_t offset() const {
return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(offset_);
}
/// Length of the metadata
int32_t metaDataLength() const {
return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(metaDataLength_);
}
/// Length of the data (this is aligned so there can be a gap between this and
/// the metadata).
int64_t bodyLength() const {
return ::flatbuffers::EndianScalar(bodyLength_);
}
};
FLATBUFFERS_STRUCT_END(Block, 24);
/// your_sha256_hash------
/// Arrow File metadata
///
struct Footer FLATBUFFERS_FINAL_CLASS : private ::flatbuffers::Table {
typedef FooterBuilder Builder;
enum FlatBuffersVTableOffset FLATBUFFERS_VTABLE_UNDERLYING_TYPE {
VT_VERSION = 4,
VT_SCHEMA = 6,
VT_DICTIONARIES = 8,
VT_RECORDBATCHES = 10,
VT_CUSTOM_METADATA = 12
};
org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion version() const {
return static_cast<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion>(GetField<int16_t>(VT_VERSION, 0));
}
const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Schema *schema() const {
return GetPointer<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Schema *>(VT_SCHEMA);
}
const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *> *dictionaries() const {
return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *> *>(VT_DICTIONARIES);
}
const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *> *recordBatches() const {
return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *> *>(VT_RECORDBATCHES);
}
/// User-defined metadata
const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>> *custom_metadata() const {
return GetPointer<const ::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>> *>(VT_CUSTOM_METADATA);
}
bool Verify(::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) const {
return VerifyTableStart(verifier) &&
VerifyField<int16_t>(verifier, VT_VERSION, 2) &&
VerifyOffset(verifier, VT_SCHEMA) &&
verifier.VerifyTable(schema()) &&
VerifyOffset(verifier, VT_DICTIONARIES) &&
verifier.VerifyVector(dictionaries()) &&
VerifyOffset(verifier, VT_RECORDBATCHES) &&
verifier.VerifyVector(recordBatches()) &&
VerifyOffset(verifier, VT_CUSTOM_METADATA) &&
verifier.VerifyVector(custom_metadata()) &&
verifier.VerifyVectorOfTables(custom_metadata()) &&
verifier.EndTable();
}
};
struct FooterBuilder {
typedef Footer Table;
::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb_;
::flatbuffers::uoffset_t start_;
void add_version(org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion version) {
fbb_.AddElement<int16_t>(Footer::VT_VERSION, static_cast<int16_t>(version), 0);
}
void add_schema(::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Schema> schema) {
fbb_.AddOffset(Footer::VT_SCHEMA, schema);
}
void add_dictionaries(::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *>> dictionaries) {
fbb_.AddOffset(Footer::VT_DICTIONARIES, dictionaries);
}
void add_recordBatches(::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *>> recordBatches) {
fbb_.AddOffset(Footer::VT_RECORDBATCHES, recordBatches);
}
void add_custom_metadata(::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>>> custom_metadata) {
fbb_.AddOffset(Footer::VT_CUSTOM_METADATA, custom_metadata);
}
explicit FooterBuilder(::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb)
: fbb_(_fbb) {
start_ = fbb_.StartTable();
}
::flatbuffers::Offset<Footer> Finish() {
const auto end = fbb_.EndTable(start_);
auto o = ::flatbuffers::Offset<Footer>(end);
return o;
}
};
inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<Footer> CreateFooter(
::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb,
org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion version = org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion::V1,
::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Schema> schema = 0,
::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *>> dictionaries = 0,
::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block *>> recordBatches = 0,
::flatbuffers::Offset<::flatbuffers::Vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>>> custom_metadata = 0) {
FooterBuilder builder_(_fbb);
builder_.add_custom_metadata(custom_metadata);
builder_.add_recordBatches(recordBatches);
builder_.add_dictionaries(dictionaries);
builder_.add_schema(schema);
builder_.add_version(version);
return builder_.Finish();
}
inline ::flatbuffers::Offset<Footer> CreateFooterDirect(
::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb,
org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion version = org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::MetadataVersion::V1,
::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Schema> schema = 0,
const std::vector<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block> *dictionaries = nullptr,
const std::vector<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block> *recordBatches = nullptr,
const std::vector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>> *custom_metadata = nullptr) {
auto dictionaries__ = dictionaries ? _fbb.CreateVectorOfStructs<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block>(*dictionaries) : 0;
auto recordBatches__ = recordBatches ? _fbb.CreateVectorOfStructs<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Block>(*recordBatches) : 0;
auto custom_metadata__ = custom_metadata ? _fbb.CreateVector<::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::KeyValue>>(*custom_metadata) : 0;
return org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::CreateFooter(
_fbb,
version,
schema,
dictionaries__,
recordBatches__,
custom_metadata__);
}
inline const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer *GetFooter(const void *buf) {
return ::flatbuffers::GetRoot<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer>(buf);
}
inline const org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer *GetSizePrefixedFooter(const void *buf) {
return ::flatbuffers::GetSizePrefixedRoot<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer>(buf);
}
inline bool VerifyFooterBuffer(
::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) {
return verifier.VerifyBuffer<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer>(nullptr);
}
inline bool VerifySizePrefixedFooterBuffer(
::flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) {
return verifier.VerifySizePrefixedBuffer<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer>(nullptr);
}
inline void FinishFooterBuffer(
::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb,
::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer> root) {
fbb.Finish(root);
}
inline void FinishSizePrefixedFooterBuffer(
::flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb,
::flatbuffers::Offset<org::apache::arrow::flatbuf::Footer> root) {
fbb.FinishSizePrefixed(root);
}
} // namespace flatbuf
} // namespace arrow
} // namespace apache
} // namespace org
#endif // FLATBUFFERS_GENERATED_FILE_ORG_APACHE_ARROW_FLATBUF_H_
``` |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<!--TODO (1) Change the ConstraintLayout to a LinearLayout-->
<!--TODO (2) Make the orientation vertical-->
<!--TODO (3) Give left, right, and top padding of 16dp-->
<!--TODO (4) Remove the line that declares the id, we don't need it-->
<!--TODO (5) Remove the xmlns:app declaration, we don't need that anymore-->
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="path_to_url"
xmlns:app="path_to_url"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!--TODO (6) Delete this TextView-->
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/activity_main"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/activity_main"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="@+id/activity_main"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/activity_main" />
<!--TODO (7) Add an EditText-->
<!--TODO (8) Give the EditText an id of @+id/et_search_box-->
<!--TODO (9) Set the text size to 22sp-->
<!--TODO (10) Set the width to match_parent and the height to wrap_content-->
<!--TODO (11) Provide a hint telling the user to enter a query and then click search-->
<!--TODO (12) Add a TextView-->
<!--TODO (13) Give the TextView an id of @+id/tv_url_display-->
<!--TODO (14) Set the text size to 22sp-->
<!--TODO (15) Set the width to wrap_content and the height to wrap_content-->
<!--TODO (16) Give the TextView a top margin of 8dp-->
<!--TODO (17) Set the text to tell the user their search URL will show up here when they click search-->
<!--TODO (18) Add a ScrollView-->
<!--TODO (19) Set the width to match_parent and the height to wrap_content-->
<!--TODO (20) Set the top margin to 16dp-->
<!--TODO (21) Within the ScrollView, add a TextView-->
<!--TODO (22) Give the TextView an id of @+id/tv_github_search_results_json-->
<!--TODO (23) Set the text size to 18sp-->
<!--TODO (24) Set the height and width to wrap_content-->
<!--TODO (25) Set the text to something that tells the user to make a search-->
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
``` |
Merscheid (Luxembourgish: Mierschent) is a village in northeastern Luxembourg.
It is situated in the commune of Putscheid and has a population of 157.
References
Villages in Luxembourg |
Katihar Engineering College is a government engineering college affiliated with Bihar Engineering University, Patna, India. It is managed by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar .
History
The college was established in 2016. It is situated at Katihar district.
Admission
Admission in the Bachelor's in Technology course is made through UGEAC, conducted by Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board.
Departments
Civil Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Food Processing Preservation Engineering
References
External links
Official website
BCECE Board website
Bihar Engineering University website
DST, Bihar website
Colleges affiliated to Bihar Engineering University
Engineering colleges in Bihar
2016 establishments in Bihar
Educational institutions established in 2016 |
```javascript
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Flags: --harmony-intl-segmenter
const seg = new Intl.Segmenter([], {granularity: "word"})
for (const text of [
"Hello world!", // English
" Hello world! ", // English with space before/after
" Hello world? Foo bar!", // English
"Jedovatou mambu objevila ena v zahrdksk kolonii.", // Czech
"Vit Nam: Nht th ha s khc Trung Quc?", // Vietnamese
" ", // Greek
" -400 ", // Russian
" ", // Hebrew,
" : .. ", // Arabic
" 400 , ", // Hindi
" ; !", // Tamil
"' '", // Telugu
"Ppupu", // Chinese
" ", // Thai
"( 20181006) - tenki.jp", // Japanese
" MB ", // Korean
]) {
const iter = seg.segment(text);
let prev = 0;
let segments = [];
while (!iter.following()) {
assertTrue(["word", "none"].includes(iter.breakType), iter.breakType);
assertTrue(iter.index >= 0);
assertTrue(iter.index <= text.length);
assertTrue(iter.index > prev);
segments.push(text.substring(prev, iter.index));
prev = iter.index;
}
assertEquals(text, segments.join(""));
}
``` |
Hardwick is a west Stockton-on-Tees area in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham, northern England. It is where North Tees Hospital is situated. The Hardwick ward had 6,881 population in the 2011 census.
It is bordered by Harrowgate Lane to the north west, Roseworth to the east and Bishopsgarth and Elm Tree Farm the south. The University Hospital of North Tees (formerly North Tees General Hospital) is in the area.
From 2003–2012, 200 houses in the area were demolished and replaced. There are a number of community based associations including Hardwick in Partnership which will run the community centre from 2014, Phoenix Youth Service and Hardwick Residents association.
References
Areas of Stockton-on-Tees
Housing estates in England |
Hero Hiralal is a 1988 Indian film directed by Ketan Mehta, starring Naseeruddin Shah and Sanjana Kapoor in leading roles. It is a movie about an auto rickshaw driver who falls in love with a film actress. The movie showcased performances by the lead actors and by Saeed Jaffrey and Satish Shah in their supporting roles. This marked Sanjana Kapoor's first leading role in a Bollywood film.
Synopsis
Naseeruddin Shah is Hero Hiralal, a Hyderabadi auto-rickshaw driver who meets an upcoming Bollywood starlet, Roopa (Sanjana Kapoor) and becomes her tour guide. Soon, the two fall in love.
Work takes Roopa back to Bombay. Hero, pining for his lover, follows her and has an encounter with her family members, who clearly disapprove of him. Rupa's family tells her to reject Hero's love and move on with her career. Buckling under family pressure, Roopa is compelled to abandon her love, which causes Hero to fall into depression and attempt suicide. He is saved in time by Rani Sitara Devi, a show lady (Deepa Sahi), who arranges for him to die like a great lover in supposedly the greatest show on earth as directed by her. Hero is saved once again in the nick of time when Roopa arrives in a rush at the last minute to confess her love for him.
Cast
Naseeruddin Shah – Hero Hiralal
Sanjana Kapoor – Rupa
Deepa Sahi - Rani Sitara Devi
Kiran Kumar – Prem Kumar
Rohini Hattangadi – Roopa's step-mom
Saeed Jaffrey – Aziz Bhai
Satish Shah – Bhagwan
Mohan Gokhale – Rangeela Paintal
Johnny Lever – Police constable
Dilip Dhawan
Deepak Qazir – Dukhilal
Ahmad Khan
Rahul Chowdhary
Hosi Vasunia
Benjamin Gilani
Amitabh Bachchan (Spl. Appearance)
Music
The film's music is by Babla Shah, with lyrics by Hriday Lani, and singing by Lata Mangeshkar, Amit Kumar and Kumar Sanu, as his first major Bollywood song. This movie Kumar Sanu song " Jashna Hai Mohabbat Ka" include on 6 January 1989.
"Sapano Ki Duniya Hai" (sad) – Lata Mangeshkar
"Main Hoon Hero Hero Hiraalaal" – Amit Kumar
"Jashna Hai Mohabbat Ka" – Kumar Sanu
" Sapno Ki Duniya Hai" - Kanchan
Box office reception
Hero Hiralal had an average collection on box office.
Crew
Direction – Ketan Mehta
Producer – Gul Anand
Cinematography – Faroukh Mistry, Jehangir Chowdhury
Choreography – Chinni Prakash, Jay Borade
Action – Ravi Dewan
Editor – Sutanu Gupta, Adesh Verma
Screenplay – Ketan Mehta, Gul Anand
Dialogue – Hridaylani
Sound – Jitendra Chaudhary
Costume – Bhanu Athaiya
Music - Babla Shah
Lyrics - Hriday Lani
Singers - Lata Mangeshkar, Amit Kumar & Kumar Sanu
References
External links
1989 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Ketan Mehta
Films set in Hyderabad, India |
```xml
import fs from 'fs';
import { URL } from 'url';
import { LogLevel } from '@stryker-mutator/api/core';
import { factory, LoggingServer, testInjector } from '@stryker-mutator/test-helpers';
import { expect } from 'chai';
import { CheckResult, CheckStatus } from '@stryker-mutator/api/check';
import { CheckerFacade, createCheckerFactory } from '../../../src/checker/index.js';
import { coreTokens } from '../../../src/di/index.js';
import { LoggingClientContext } from '../../../src/logging/index.js';
import { IdGenerator } from '../../../src/child-proxy/id-generator.js';
import { TwoTimesTheCharm } from './additional-checkers.js';
describe(`${createCheckerFactory.name} integration`, () => {
let createSut: () => CheckerFacade;
let loggingContext: LoggingClientContext;
let sut: CheckerFacade;
let loggingServer: LoggingServer;
let pluginModulePaths: string[];
function rmSync(fileName: string) {
if (fs.existsSync(fileName)) {
fs.unlinkSync(fileName);
}
}
beforeEach(async () => {
// Make sure there is a logging server listening
pluginModulePaths = [new URL('./additional-checkers.js', import.meta.url).toString()];
loggingServer = new LoggingServer();
const port = await loggingServer.listen();
loggingContext = { port, level: LogLevel.Trace };
createSut = testInjector.injector
.provideValue(coreTokens.loggingContext, loggingContext)
.provideValue(coreTokens.pluginModulePaths, pluginModulePaths)
.provideClass(coreTokens.workerIdGenerator, IdGenerator)
.injectFunction(createCheckerFactory);
});
afterEach(async () => {
await sut.dispose?.();
await loggingServer.dispose();
rmSync(TwoTimesTheCharm.COUNTER_FILE);
});
async function arrangeSut(name: string): Promise<void> {
testInjector.options.checkers = [name];
sut = createSut();
await sut.init?.();
}
it('should pass along the check result', async () => {
const mutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ id: '1' }) });
await arrangeSut('healthy');
const expected: CheckResult = { status: CheckStatus.Passed };
expect(await sut.check('healthy', [mutantRunPlan])).deep.eq([[mutantRunPlan, expected]]);
});
it('should reject when the checker behind rejects', async () => {
await arrangeSut('crashing');
await expect(sut.check('crashing', [factory.mutantRunPlan()])).rejectedWith('Always crashing');
});
it('should recover when the checker behind rejects', async () => {
const mutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan();
await fs.promises.writeFile(TwoTimesTheCharm.COUNTER_FILE, '0', 'utf-8');
await arrangeSut('two-times-the-charm');
const actual = await sut.check('two-times-the-charm', [mutantRunPlan]);
const expected: CheckResult = { status: CheckStatus.Passed };
expect(actual).deep.eq([[mutantRunPlan, expected]]);
});
it('should provide the nodeArgs', async () => {
// Arrange
const passingMutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ fileName: 'shouldProvideNodeArgs' }) });
const failingMutantRunPlan = factory.mutantRunPlan({ mutant: factory.mutant({ fileName: 'somethingElse' }) });
testInjector.options.checkerNodeArgs = ['--title=shouldProvideNodeArgs'];
// Act
await arrangeSut('verify-title');
const passed = await sut.check('verify-title', [passingMutantRunPlan]);
const failed = await sut.check('verify-title', [failingMutantRunPlan]);
// Assert
expect(passed).deep.eq([[passingMutantRunPlan, factory.checkResult({ status: CheckStatus.Passed })]]);
expect(failed).deep.eq([[failingMutantRunPlan, factory.checkResult({ status: CheckStatus.CompileError })]]);
});
});
``` |
Richard Schifter (July 31, 1923October 4, 2020) was an Austrian-American attorney and diplomat who served as Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs from 1985 to 1992.
Early life and education
Richard Schifter was born in Vienna, Austria, on July 31, 1923, into a Jewish family from Poland. In the wake of the Anschluss by which the First Austrian Republic was annexed by Nazi Germany, Schifter's family sought permission for all of them to emigrate to the United States, but Richard was the only member of the family able to obtain a visa. His parents, who had been born in Poland, were in the Polish quota, and placed on a long waiting list. He immigrated to the United States without his family in December 1938, at the age of 15. In the U.S., he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of the City of New York in 1943.
Schifter enrolled in Yale Law School in 1948, receiving his LL.B. in 1951.
Military service
Schifter joined the United States Army in 1943, becoming one of the Ritchie Boys, a unit of, among others, young Jewish-German refugees who the U.S. Army trained in psychological warfare.
He was present for the Normandy landings and did intelligence work in the field. After the Battle of the Bulge, he was stationed in Aachen and tasked with interviewing the civilian population, thus producing one of the first studies of daily life under the Third Reich. He searched for his family after the war, but they had all been killed in the Holocaust. He was discharged from the Army in 1946, but stayed in Allied-occupied Germany working for the U.S. military government as a civilian until 1948.
Career
After graduating from law school, Schifter joined the law firm of Riegelman, Strasser, Schwarz & Spiegelberg (now Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson). Following the death of Felix S. Cohen in 1953, Schifter, along with fellow attorney Arthur Lazarus, Jr., became the main attorneys for the Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation in their repeated disputes with the United States government. Schifter practiced law at Fried, Frank until the 1980s, as one of the foremost practitioners of federal Indian law in the country. He also served on the President's Task Force on American Indians from 1966 to 1967.
From 1981 to 1982, Schifter was U.S. representative to the UNESCO Committee on Conventions and Recommendations. He was also an alternate U.S. representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights 1981 to 1982. From 1983 to 1985, he was the United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. He was also Deputy United States Representative to the United Nations Security Council with the rank of Ambassador from 1984 to 1985.
In 1985, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Schifter to be Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs. After Senate Confirmation, Schifter served as Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs from October 31, 1985, until April 3, 1992. Schifter's views on U.S. foreign policy have been described as neoconservative.
After the election of Bill Clinton, he was appointed to special assistant to the United States National Security Council. He served in this capacity until 2001.
Since leaving government in 2001, Schifter headed the American Jewish International Relations Institute and the Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeastern Europe. He was also a trustee of the Institute for Christian and Jewish Studies.
Personal life
Schifter died on October 4, 2020.
References
External links
Website of the American Jewish International Relations Institute (AJIRI)
1923 births
2020 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States
City College of New York alumni
Lawyers from New York City
Military personnel from New York City
People associated with Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson
Representatives of the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council
United States Army soldiers
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
Yale Law School alumni
Ritchie Boys |
```c++
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include <glog/logging.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "paddle/common/flags.h"
#include "test/cpp/inference/api/tester_helper.h"
namespace paddle_infer {
TEST(Predictor, use_gpu) {
LOG(INFO) << GetVersion();
UpdateDllFlag("conv_workspace_size_limit", "4000");
std::string model_dir = FLAGS_infer_model + "/model";
Config config;
config.SetModel(model_dir + "/model", model_dir + "/params");
config.EnableUseGpu(100, 0);
auto predictor = CreatePredictor(config);
auto pred_clone = predictor->Clone();
std::vector<int> in_shape = {1, 3, 318, 318};
int in_num =
std::accumulate(in_shape.begin(), in_shape.end(), 1, [](int &a, int &b) {
return a * b;
});
std::vector<float> input(in_num, 0);
auto input_names = predictor->GetInputNames();
auto input_t = predictor->GetInputHandle(input_names[0]);
input_t->Reshape(in_shape);
input_t->CopyFromCpu(input.data());
predictor->Run();
auto output_names = predictor->GetOutputNames();
auto output_t = predictor->GetOutputHandle(output_names[0]);
std::vector<int> output_shape = output_t->shape();
int out_num = std::accumulate(
output_shape.begin(), output_shape.end(), 1, std::multiplies<int>());
std::vector<float> out_data;
out_data.resize(out_num);
output_t->CopyToCpu(out_data.data());
predictor->ClearIntermediateTensor();
}
TEST(PredictorPool, basic) {
LOG(INFO) << GetVersion();
UpdateDllFlag("conv_workspace_size_limit", "4000");
std::string model_dir = FLAGS_infer_model + "/model";
Config config;
config.SetModel(model_dir + "/model", model_dir + "/params");
config.EnableUseGpu(100, 0);
services::PredictorPool pred_pool(config, 4);
auto pred = pred_pool.Retrieve(2);
std::vector<int> in_shape = {1, 3, 318, 318};
int in_num =
std::accumulate(in_shape.begin(), in_shape.end(), 1, [](int &a, int &b) {
return a * b;
});
std::vector<float> input(in_num, 0);
auto in_names = pred->GetInputNames();
auto input_t = pred->GetInputHandle(in_names[0]);
input_t->name();
input_t->Reshape(in_shape);
input_t->CopyFromCpu(input.data());
pred->Run();
auto out_names = pred->GetOutputNames();
auto output_t = pred->GetOutputHandle(out_names[0]);
auto out_type = output_t->type();
LOG(INFO) << GetNumBytesOfDataType(out_type);
if (out_type == DataType::FLOAT32) {
PlaceType place;
int size;
output_t->data<float>(&place, &size);
}
}
} // namespace paddle_infer
``` |
Ronald C. Auer (born January 24, 1950) is an American politician. Auer represented District 68 from 1977 to 1992 and (after redistricting) District 59 (a portion of St. Louis City) in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001. He is a Democrat. Since 1992, he has been the party committeeman for Ward 9 in St. Louis City.
Auer was elected to the Missouri House by special election in 1977. He served as chairman of the House Insurance Committee and as a member of the following committees: Appropriations—General Administration & Transportation; Labor; Retirement; and Transportation.
Formerly an insurance salesman, real estate salesman and teacher, Rep. Auer is today lobbyist for numerous health care firms operating in Missouri.
After leaving the legislature in 2001 and until 2005, Auer represented Group Health Plan (GHP), Coventry Health Care, and Healthcare USA, in Jefferson City. Since early 2006, he has been registered representative for Cigna and Aetna insurance companies. His home-based lobbying firm is called Auer & Associates.
For several years after leaving the legislature, Rep. Auer served as chairman and treasurer of Democratic Legislative District Committee 59, a political party committee which funneled monies to campaigns of Democratic elected officials such as Missouri governor Bob Holden.
Rep. Auer has been a member of the following organizations: St. Pius V Catholic Church; the neighborhood associations of Tower Grove East, Benton Park West and Marine Villa; 3rd District Police Community Relations Association; and 9th Ward Democratic Organization.
He attended St. Louis Community College at Forest Park and received a bachelor of science degree in education from Southeast Missouri State University.
Auer currently resides with his wife Ann (a lobbyist for the City of St. Louis from 1999 to 2001; and since 2001 for the Missouri Growth Association) in the Tower Grove East neighborhood of St. Louis. They have four children: Tracy (40), Neal (38) - both from Ann's previous marriage - Amanda (25) and Lindsey (21).
Sources
Official Biography - Year 2000 Legislative Session
1950 births
Living people
Southeast Missouri State University alumni
Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Place of birth missing (living people)
Politicians from St. Louis |
Paulett Creyke Liewer (born 1945) is an American plasma physicist whose research has spanned scales from particle-in-cell simulation and microturbulence in tokamaks to the observation of solar flares and the boundary of the heliosphere. She is a principal scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Education and career
Liewer was born on June 27, 1945, in Washington, D.C. The daughter of a screenwriter, she became determined to become a physicist in high school. She graduated from Cornell University in 1967, and completed her Ph.D. at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1972.
She worked as a researcher for the Naval Research Laboratory from 1973 to 1975, at the University of Maryland from 1975 to 1978, at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1979 to 1981, and at the California Institute of Technology from 1980 to 1986, before joining the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she became a principal scientist in 1999.
Recognition
Liewer was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1992, after a nomination from the APS Division of Computational Physics, "for her pioneering work in use of parallel supercomputers for plasma modeling, both development of concurrent algorithms for plasma particle-in-cell codes and application to physical problems, and also past work on transport in tokamaks."
References
1945 births
Living people
American physicists
American women physicists
Cornell University alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American women |
```c++
//===-- clang-offload-bundler/ClangOffloadBundler.cpp ---------------------===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
///
/// \file
/// This file implements a stand-alone clang-offload-bundler tool using the
/// OffloadBundler API.
///
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "clang/Basic/Cuda.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetID.h"
#include "clang/Basic/Version.h"
#include "clang/Driver/OffloadBundler.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Triple.h"
#include "llvm/Object/Archive.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ArchiveWriter.h"
#include "llvm/Object/Binary.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ObjectFile.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Errc.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorOr.h"
#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Host.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Path.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Signals.h"
#include "llvm/Support/StringSaver.h"
#include "llvm/Support/WithColor.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <forward_list>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <system_error>
#include <utility>
using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::object;
using namespace clang;
static void PrintVersion(raw_ostream &OS) {
OS << clang::getClangToolFullVersion("clang-offload-bundler") << '\n';
}
int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
cl::opt<bool> Help("h", cl::desc("Alias for -help"), cl::Hidden);
// Mark all our options with this category, everything else (except for
// -version and -help) will be hidden.
cl::OptionCategory
ClangOffloadBundlerCategory("clang-offload-bundler options");
cl::list<std::string>
InputFileNames("input",
cl::desc("Input file."
" Can be specified multiple times "
"for multiple input files."),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::list<std::string>
InputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt("inputs", cl::CommaSeparated,
cl::desc("[<input file>,...] (deprecated)"),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::list<std::string>
OutputFileNames("output",
cl::desc("Output file."
" Can be specified multiple times "
"for multiple output files."),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::list<std::string>
OutputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt("outputs", cl::CommaSeparated,
cl::desc("[<output file>,...] (deprecated)"),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::list<std::string>
TargetNames("targets", cl::CommaSeparated,
cl::desc("[<offload kind>-<target triple>,...]"),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<std::string> FilesType(
"type", cl::Required,
cl::desc("Type of the files to be bundled/unbundled.\n"
"Current supported types are:\n"
" i - cpp-output\n"
" ii - c++-cpp-output\n"
" cui - cuda-cpp-output\n"
" hipi - hip-cpp-output\n"
" d - dependency\n"
" ll - llvm\n"
" bc - llvm-bc\n"
" s - assembler\n"
" o - object\n"
" a - archive of objects\n"
" gch - precompiled-header\n"
" ast - clang AST file"),
cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<bool>
Unbundle("unbundle",
cl::desc("Unbundle bundled file into several output files.\n"),
cl::init(false), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<bool>
ListBundleIDs("list", cl::desc("List bundle IDs in the bundled file.\n"),
cl::init(false), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<bool> PrintExternalCommands(
"###",
cl::desc("Print any external commands that are to be executed "
"instead of actually executing them - for testing purposes.\n"),
cl::init(false), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<bool>
AllowMissingBundles("allow-missing-bundles",
cl::desc("Create empty files if bundles are missing "
"when unbundling.\n"),
cl::init(false), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<unsigned>
BundleAlignment("bundle-align",
cl::desc("Alignment of bundle for binary files"),
cl::init(1), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
cl::opt<bool> HipOpenmpCompatible(
"hip-openmp-compatible",
cl::desc("Treat hip and hipv4 offload kinds as "
"compatible with openmp kind, and vice versa.\n"),
cl::init(false), cl::cat(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory));
// Process commandline options and report errors
sys::PrintStackTraceOnErrorSignal(argv[0]);
cl::HideUnrelatedOptions(ClangOffloadBundlerCategory);
cl::SetVersionPrinter(PrintVersion);
cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(
argc, argv,
"A tool to bundle several input files of the specified type <type> \n"
"referring to the same source file but different targets into a single \n"
"one. The resulting file can also be unbundled into different files by \n"
"this tool if -unbundle is provided.\n");
if (Help) {
cl::PrintHelpMessage();
return 0;
}
/// Class to store bundler options in standard (non-cl::opt) data structures
// Avoid using cl::opt variables after these assignments when possible
OffloadBundlerConfig BundlerConfig;
BundlerConfig.AllowMissingBundles = AllowMissingBundles;
BundlerConfig.PrintExternalCommands = PrintExternalCommands;
BundlerConfig.HipOpenmpCompatible = HipOpenmpCompatible;
BundlerConfig.BundleAlignment = BundleAlignment;
BundlerConfig.FilesType = FilesType;
BundlerConfig.ObjcopyPath = "";
BundlerConfig.TargetNames = TargetNames;
BundlerConfig.InputFileNames = InputFileNames;
BundlerConfig.OutputFileNames = OutputFileNames;
/// The index of the host input in the list of inputs.
BundlerConfig.HostInputIndex = ~0u;
/// Whether not having host target is allowed.
BundlerConfig.AllowNoHost = false;
auto reportError = [argv](Error E) {
logAllUnhandledErrors(std::move(E), WithColor::error(errs(), argv[0]));
exit(1);
};
auto doWork = [&](std::function<llvm::Error()> Work) {
if (llvm::Error Err = Work()) {
reportError(std::move(Err));
}
};
auto warningOS = [argv]() -> raw_ostream & {
return WithColor::warning(errs(), StringRef(argv[0]));
};
/// Path to the current binary.
std::string BundlerExecutable = argv[0];
if (!llvm::sys::fs::exists(BundlerExecutable))
BundlerExecutable =
sys::fs::getMainExecutable(argv[0], &BundlerExecutable);
// Find llvm-objcopy in order to create the bundle binary.
ErrorOr<std::string> Objcopy = sys::findProgramByName(
"llvm-objcopy",
sys::path::parent_path(BundlerExecutable));
if (!Objcopy)
Objcopy = sys::findProgramByName("llvm-objcopy");
if (!Objcopy)
reportError(createStringError(Objcopy.getError(),
"unable to find 'llvm-objcopy' in path"));
else
BundlerConfig.ObjcopyPath = *Objcopy;
if (InputFileNames.getNumOccurrences() != 0 &&
InputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.getNumOccurrences() != 0) {
reportError(createStringError(
errc::invalid_argument,
"-inputs and -input cannot be used together, use only -input instead"));
}
if (InputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.size()) {
warningOS() << "-inputs is deprecated, use -input instead\n";
// temporary hack to support -inputs
std::vector<std::string> &s = InputFileNames;
s.insert(s.end(), InputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.begin(),
InputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.end());
}
BundlerConfig.InputFileNames = InputFileNames;
if (OutputFileNames.getNumOccurrences() != 0 &&
OutputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.getNumOccurrences() != 0) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"-outputs and -output cannot be used "
"together, use only -output instead"));
}
if (OutputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.size()) {
warningOS() << "-outputs is deprecated, use -output instead\n";
// temporary hack to support -outputs
std::vector<std::string> &s = OutputFileNames;
s.insert(s.end(), OutputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.begin(),
OutputFileNamesDeprecatedOpt.end());
}
BundlerConfig.OutputFileNames = OutputFileNames;
if (ListBundleIDs) {
if (Unbundle) {
reportError(
createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"-unbundle and -list cannot be used together"));
}
if (InputFileNames.size() != 1) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"only one input file supported for -list"));
}
if (OutputFileNames.size()) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"-outputs option is invalid for -list"));
}
if (TargetNames.size()) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"-targets option is invalid for -list"));
}
doWork([&]() { return OffloadBundler::ListBundleIDsInFile(
InputFileNames.front(),
BundlerConfig); });
return 0;
}
if (OutputFileNames.size() == 0) {
reportError(
createStringError(errc::invalid_argument, "no output file specified!"));
}
if (TargetNames.getNumOccurrences() == 0) {
reportError(createStringError(
errc::invalid_argument,
"for the --targets option: must be specified at least once!"));
}
if (Unbundle) {
if (InputFileNames.size() != 1) {
reportError(createStringError(
errc::invalid_argument,
"only one input file supported in unbundling mode"));
}
if (OutputFileNames.size() != TargetNames.size()) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"number of output files and targets should "
"match in unbundling mode"));
}
} else {
if (BundlerConfig.FilesType == "a") {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"Archive files are only supported "
"for unbundling"));
}
if (OutputFileNames.size() != 1) {
reportError(createStringError(
errc::invalid_argument,
"only one output file supported in bundling mode"));
}
if (InputFileNames.size() != TargetNames.size()) {
reportError(createStringError(
errc::invalid_argument,
"number of input files and targets should match in bundling mode"));
}
}
// Verify that the offload kinds and triples are known. We also check that we
// have exactly one host target.
unsigned Index = 0u;
unsigned HostTargetNum = 0u;
bool HIPOnly = true;
llvm::DenseSet<StringRef> ParsedTargets;
// Map {offload-kind}-{triple} to target IDs.
std::map<std::string, std::set<StringRef>> TargetIDs;
for (StringRef Target : TargetNames) {
if (ParsedTargets.contains(Target)) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"Duplicate targets are not allowed"));
}
ParsedTargets.insert(Target);
auto OffloadInfo = OffloadTargetInfo(Target, BundlerConfig);
bool KindIsValid = OffloadInfo.isOffloadKindValid();
bool TripleIsValid = OffloadInfo.isTripleValid();
if (!KindIsValid || !TripleIsValid) {
SmallVector<char, 128u> Buf;
raw_svector_ostream Msg(Buf);
Msg << "invalid target '" << Target << "'";
if (!KindIsValid)
Msg << ", unknown offloading kind '" << OffloadInfo.OffloadKind << "'";
if (!TripleIsValid)
Msg << ", unknown target triple '" << OffloadInfo.Triple.str() << "'";
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument, Msg.str()));
}
TargetIDs[OffloadInfo.OffloadKind.str() + "-" + OffloadInfo.Triple.str()]
.insert(OffloadInfo.TargetID);
if (KindIsValid && OffloadInfo.hasHostKind()) {
++HostTargetNum;
// Save the index of the input that refers to the host.
BundlerConfig.HostInputIndex = Index;
}
if (OffloadInfo.OffloadKind != "hip" && OffloadInfo.OffloadKind != "hipv4")
HIPOnly = false;
++Index;
}
for (const auto &TargetID : TargetIDs) {
if (auto ConflictingTID =
clang::getConflictTargetIDCombination(TargetID.second)) {
SmallVector<char, 128u> Buf;
raw_svector_ostream Msg(Buf);
Msg << "Cannot bundle inputs with conflicting targets: '"
<< TargetID.first + "-" + ConflictingTID->first << "' and '"
<< TargetID.first + "-" + ConflictingTID->second << "'";
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument, Msg.str()));
}
}
// HIP uses clang-offload-bundler to bundle device-only compilation results
// for multiple GPU archs, therefore allow no host target if all entries
// are for HIP.
BundlerConfig.AllowNoHost = HIPOnly;
// Host triple is not really needed for unbundling operation, so do not
// treat missing host triple as error if we do unbundling.
if ((Unbundle && HostTargetNum > 1) ||
(!Unbundle && HostTargetNum != 1 && !BundlerConfig.AllowNoHost)) {
reportError(createStringError(errc::invalid_argument,
"expecting exactly one host target but got " +
Twine(HostTargetNum)));
}
OffloadBundler Bundler(BundlerConfig);
doWork([&]() {
if (Unbundle) {
if (BundlerConfig.FilesType == "a")
return Bundler.UnbundleArchive();
else
return Bundler.UnbundleFiles();
} else
return Bundler.BundleFiles();
});
return 0;
}
``` |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
/**
* Create an iterator for generating pseudorandom numbers drawn from a discrete uniform distribution.
*
* @module @stdlib/random/iter/discrete-uniform
*
* @example
* var iterator = require( '@stdlib/random/iter/discrete-uniform' );
*
* var iter = iterator( -1, 2 );
*
* var r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* r = iter.next().value;
* // returns <number>
*
* // ...
*/
// MODULES //
var main = require( './main.js' );
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = main;
``` |
Tropicimonas arenosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Tropicimonas which has been isolated from sand from the Jeju island in Korea.
References
External links
Type strain of Tropicimonas arenosa at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Rhodobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 2016 |
XFM 96.3 was an Expat radio station of Mediacorp in Singapore. Broadcasting on 96.3 MHz, it was Singapore's only radio station that broadcast a mix of Japanese, French, Korean, Hindi, Bangladeshi and German programmes. A blend of World Music from Brazil, Greece, Italy, Lebanon and Spain would also be played during an automated music marathon daily.
History
The International Channel
Ahead of the launch of the station, it was announced that FM 96.3 was going to feature locally-made programming in Japanese, as part of the first phase of the service, set to begin on 14 September. The initial target during the first four weeks of operation was going to consist mainly of 25,000 Japanese immigrants residing in Singapore. From 12 October, French and German output was to be added, when the station's regular broadcasts were about to begin.
The station started 24/7 broadcasts on 1 January 2008.
XFM
Both the Media Development Authority (MDA) and Mediacorp mutually agreed to cease transmission of the station on 30 September 2016. Mediacorp stated "new technologies and evolving radio listenership preferences" were the reasons for their evaluation.
In 2016, the reused frequency (as well as a newly vacated 89.3 frequency) were tendered and won by SPH Radio. In 2018, 96.3 Hao FM was launched and broadcast using the 96.3 frequency.
Programming
French and German: from the outset of the service, the station carried live satellite feeds of RFI and Deutsche Welle mostly in their respective languages.
Japanese: the Japanese programme was the oldest to be made for the station, as well as the first to be outsourced, as opposed to be a direct simulcast of a foreign service. Titled Hello Singapore, it was produced by Comm and featured news and music, in contrast to the current affairs and heavy cultural line-up offered by the European providers. News consisted of a daily relay of an NHK news bulletin and reports from the Asahi Shimbun and Jiji Press.
Korean: the slot started on 1 February 2008, shortly before the station was renamed. Cool K Time was produced by Briyo Media.
Musical Interlude: generic name given to automated music slots that aired outside of the individual language programmes.
See also
List of radio stations in Singapore
References
External links
XFM 96.3 Official Website
Radio stations in Singapore
Radio stations established in 1998
Radio stations disestablished in 2016
1998 establishments in Singapore
2016 disestablishments in Singapore
Japanese-language radio stations
Korean-language radio stations
French-language radio stations
German-language radio stations |
Harry Flam (born 1948) is a professor of international economics at the Institute for International Economic Studies at Stockholm University. During the years of 2004 and 2006, he was Dean of the School of Business at Stockholm University. His main area of research is international trade and European economic integration. Flam resides in Stockholm, Sweden. He is the father of comedian Aron Flam.
References
1948 births
Swedish economists
Jewish scientists
Living people
Swedish Jews
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Scientists from Stockholm |
Finnish composer Einojuhani Rautavaara wrote his Symphony No. 7, subtitled Angel of Light, in 1994. It was originally known as The Bloomington Symphony, as it was commissioned to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Bloomington Symphony Orchestra. Belonging to his Angel Series, inspired by childhood dreams and revelations, the symphony has won wide popularity for its deep spirituality. The premier performance was by the Bloomington Symphony Orchestra in 1994. In 1997 the premiere recording, by Segerstam, was nominated for the Grammy Award for "Best Classical Contemporary Composition".
Movements
Tranquillo ("tranquil", about 12 minutes)
Molto allegro ("lively tempo", about 6 minutes)
Come un sogno ("like a dream, about 10 minutes)
Pesante - Cantabile ("profound - song-like", about 10 minutes)
Instrumentation
Woodwinds
2 Flutes
2 Oboes
2 Clarinets in B♭
2 Bassoons
Brass
4 Horns in F
3 Trumpets in B♭
3 Trombones
1 Tuba
Percussion (4 players)
Timpani
Suspended cymbal
Snare drum
Glockenspiel
Xylophone
Marimba
Vibraphone
Tom-toms
Tam-tams
Strings
Violin I
Violin II
Violas
Cellos
Double basses
Harp
Recordings
References
Compositions by Einojuhani Rautavaara
Rautavaara 7
1994 compositions |
Chester Snow (June 1, 1881 – January 13, 1970) was an American applied mathematician and physicist, known for his work on formulas for computing capacitance and inductance.
Snow was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. After attending Ogden High School and Utah Agricultural College, Snow matriculated at Harvard University in 1903 and graduated there with an A.B. in 1906. At Brigham Young University he was a professor of physics from 1906 to 1911 and a professor of mathematics from 1911 to 1912. From 1912 to 1914 he was a fellow in physics at the University of Wisconsin, where he received his Ph.D. in 1914. At the University of Idaho mathematics department he was an associate professor from 1914. In 1920 he resigned from the University of Idaho to accept a position as a physicist at the Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. In 1924 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Toronto.
Selected publications
"The Magneto-Optical Parameters of Iron and Nickel." Physical Review 2, no. 1 (1913): 29.
"Spectroradiometric analysis of radio signals." National Bureau of Standards (1923).
"Alternating current distribution in cylindrical conductors." US Government Printing Office, 1925.
with M. Katherine Frehafer: "Tables and graphs for facilitating the computation of spectral energy distribution by Planck's formula." Miscellaneous Publications Dealing with Standards Vol. 56 (1925): np.
'Formula for the inductance of a helix made with wire of any section." US Government Printing Office, 1926.
"Effect of eddy currents in a core consisting of circular wires." National Bureau of Standards (1927).
"Mutual inductance and force between two coaxial helical wires." Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards (1939): 239–269.
"Potential problems and capacitance for a conductor bounded by two intersecting spheres." Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 43, no. 4 (1949): 377.
"Hypergeometric and Legendre functions with applications to integral equations of potential theory." NBS Applied Math. Vol. 19. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office, 1952.
"Magnetic fields of cylindrical coils and annular coils." NBS Applied Math. Vol. 38. Washington (DC): National Bureau of Standards, US Govt. Printing Office (1953).
"Formulas for computing capacitance and inductance." Vol. 544. US Govt. Printing Office (1954).
References
1881 births
1970 deaths
People from Salt Lake City
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American mathematicians
Harvard University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Utah State University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
University of Idaho faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society |
Warrensville Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is an eastern suburb of Cleveland. The population was 13,789 at the 2020 census.
Geography
Warrensville Heights is located at (41.438653, -81.523262).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
According to the 2021 American Community Survey, Warrensville Heights has the largest percentage of Black residents of all cities and villages in Ohio, with 92.8% identifying as Black or African-American.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census of 2010, there were 13,542 people, 6,043 households, and 3,696 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 6,743 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 3.6% White, 93.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.4% of the population.
There were 6,043 households, of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.5% were married couples living together, 31.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.8% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.84.
The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 42.7% male and 57.3% female.
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census of 2000, there were 15,109 people, 6,325 households, and 4,048 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 6,741 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 10.57% White or European American, 90.41% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.75% of the population.
There were 6,325 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 27.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,204, and the median income for a family was $41,962. Males had a median income of $35,947 versus $24, 234 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,611. About 10.4% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The City of Warrensville Heights is served by the Warrensville Heights City School District, which has four campuses and an enrollment of approximately 1,600 students.
In 2015, the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine opened a branch on the campus of Cleveland Clinic South Pointe Hospital for 50 medical students.
References
External links
City website
Cities in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Cities in Ohio |
Milstead is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Rockdale County, Georgia, United States. It is bordered to the south by the city of Conyers, the county seat, and to the north by the Yellow River.
Milstead was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census with a population of 628.
Demographics
2020 census
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
References
Census-designated places in Rockdale County, Georgia |
Tojang or Doejang may stand for:
Doenjang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste
Dojang, a formal training hall in Korean martial arts
Dojang (device) or Tojang, a seal or stamp used in lieu of signature in several Asian countries |
Mascha Gonska (born 19 November 1952) is a German film actress. She was born in France to Polish parents.
Selected filmography
(1969), as "Herzblatt"
The Sex Nest (1970), as Luise Zibell
(1970), as Gaby
(1970), as Inge Kainz
Twenty Girls and the Teachers (1971), as Trixie
My Father, the Ape and I (1971), as Biggi Hansen
Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen (1971), as Bianca
Aunt Trude from Buxtehude (1971), as Karin
The Mad Aunts Strike Out (1971), as Eva Wiedemann
(1971), as Beatrice
(1974), as Caroline
Der kleine Doktor: Die Notbremse (1974, TV series episode), as Jeanette
The Infernal Trio (1974), as Catherine Schmidt
(1974, TV miniseries), as Angéline
Derrick: Tod am Bahngleis (1975, TV series episode), as Hannelore Greiser
Parapsycho – Spectrum of Fear (1975), as Mascha
Derrick: Kamillas junger Freund (1975, TV series episode), as Marlies
Derrick: Alarm auf Revier 12 (1975, TV series episode), as Lona Ross
Geburtstage: Bitte laut klopfen (1976, TV series episode), as Hanne
: Das Kind (1976, TV series episode)
Tea for Three (1976)
(1977), as Eva Hauff
Derrick: Ein Hinterhalt (1978, TV series episode), as Maria
(1978), as Agnes
: Die neue Armut der Familie S. (1978, TV series episode)
The Old Fox: Pensionstod (1979, TV series episode), as Nana Dorakis
Wer anderen eine Grube gräbt (1979, TV anthology film), as Mrs. Mansell
The American Success Company (1980), as Greta
(1980, TV series), as Angèle
References
Bibliography
Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
External links
1952 births
Living people
German film actresses
German television actresses
20th-century German actresses
German people of Polish descent
People from Sarthe |
```c++
//
// Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for most recent version including documentation.
#ifndef BOOST_TT_HAS_GREATER_EQUAL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_TT_HAS_GREATER_EQUAL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_TT_TRAIT_NAME has_greater_equal
#define BOOST_TT_TRAIT_OP >=
#define BOOST_TT_FORBIDDEN_IF\
(\
/* Lhs==pointer and Rhs==fundamental */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Lhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_fundamental< Rhs_nocv >::value\
) || \
/* Rhs==pointer and Lhs==fundamental */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Rhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_fundamental< Lhs_nocv >::value\
) || \
/* Lhs==pointer and Rhs==pointer and Lhs!=base(Rhs) and Rhs!=base(Lhs) and Lhs!=void* and Rhs!=void* */\
(\
::boost::is_pointer< Lhs_noref >::value && \
::boost::is_pointer< Rhs_noref >::value && \
(! \
( \
::boost::is_base_of< Lhs_noptr, Rhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_base_of< Rhs_noptr, Lhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_same< Lhs_noptr, Rhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_void< Lhs_noptr >::value || \
::boost::is_void< Rhs_noptr >::value\
)\
)\
) || \
(\
::boost::type_traits_detail::is_likely_stateless_lambda<Lhs_noref>::value\
)\
)
#include <boost/type_traits/detail/has_binary_operator.hpp>
#undef BOOST_TT_TRAIT_NAME
#undef BOOST_TT_TRAIT_OP
#undef BOOST_TT_FORBIDDEN_IF
#endif
``` |
```smalltalk
/* ====================================================================
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for Additional information regarding copyright ownership.
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
==================================================================== */
/* ================================================================
* About NPOI
* Author: Tony Qu
* Author's email: tonyqus (at) gmail.com
* Author's Blog: tonyqus.wordpress.com.cn (wp.tonyqus.cn)
* HomePage: path_to_url
* Contributors:
*
* ==============================================================*/
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using NUnit.Framework;
using NPOI.POIFS.Common;
using NPOI.POIFS.Storage;
using NPOI.POIFS.Properties;
using TestCases.POIFS.Storage;
namespace TestCases.POIFS.Properties
{
/**
* Class to Test DocumentProperty functionality
*
* @author Marc Johnson
*/
[TestFixture]
public class TestDocumentProperty
{
/**
* Constructor TestDocumentProperty
*
* @param name
*/
public TestDocumentProperty()
{
}
/**
* Test constructing DocumentPropertys
*
* @exception IOException
*/
[Test]
public void TestConstructor()
{
// Test with short name, small file
VerifyProperty("foo", 1234);
// Test with just long enough name, small file
VerifyProperty("A.really.long.long.long.name123", 2345);
// Test with longer name, just small enough file
VerifyProperty("A.really.long.long.long.name1234", 4095);
// Test with just long enough file
VerifyProperty("A.really.long.long.long.name123", 4096);
}
/**
* Test Reading constructor
*
* @exception IOException
*/
[Test]
public void TestReadingConstructor()
{
string[] hexData = {
"52 00 6F 00 6F 00 74 00 20 00 45 00 6E 00 74 00 72 00 79 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"16 00 05 01 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 02 00 00 00 20 08 02 00 00 00 00 00 C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 46",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C0 5C E8 23 9E 6B C1 01 FE FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"57 00 6F 00 72 00 6B 00 62 00 6F 00 6F 00 6B 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"12 00 02 01 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"05 00 53 00 75 00 6D 00 6D 00 61 00 72 00 79 00 49 00 6E 00 66 00 6F 00 72 00 6D 00 61 00 74 00", //SummaryInformation
"69 00 6F 00 6E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"28 00 02 01 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"05 00 44 00 6F 00 63 00 75 00 6D 00 65 00 6E 00 74 00 53 00 75 00 6D 00 6D 00 61 00 72 00 79 00", //DocumentSummaryInformation
"49 00 6E 00 66 00 6F 00 72 00 6D 00 61 00 74 00 69 00 6F 00 6E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"38 00 02 01 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00",
"00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00",
};
byte[] input = RawDataUtil.Decode(hexData);
VerifyReadingProperty(1, input, 128, "Workbook");
VerifyReadingProperty(2, input, 256, "\x0005SummaryInformation");
VerifyReadingProperty(3, input, 384, "\x0005DocumentSummaryInformation");
}
private void VerifyReadingProperty(int index, byte[] input, int offset, string name)
{
DocumentProperty property = new DocumentProperty(index, input, offset);
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(128);
byte[] expected = new byte[128];
Array.Copy(input, offset, expected, 0, 128);
property.WriteData(stream);
byte[] output = stream.ToArray();
Assert.AreEqual(128, output.Length);
for (int j = 0; j < 128; j++)
{
Assert.AreEqual(expected[j],
output[j], "mismatch at offset " + j);
}
Assert.AreEqual(index, property.Index);
Assert.AreEqual(name, property.Name);
}
private void VerifyProperty(String name, int size)
{
DocumentProperty property = new DocumentProperty(name, size);
if (size >= 4096)
{
Assert.IsTrue(!property.ShouldUseSmallBlocks);
}
else
{
Assert.IsTrue(property.ShouldUseSmallBlocks);
}
byte[] Testblock = new byte[128];
int index = 0;
for (; index < 0x40; index++)
{
Testblock[index] = (byte)0;
}
int limit = Math.Min(31, name.Length);
Testblock[index++] = (byte)(2 * (limit + 1));
Testblock[index++] = (byte)0;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)2;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)1;
for (; index < 0x50; index++)
{
Testblock[index] = (byte)0xFF;
}
for (; index < 0x78; index++)
{
Testblock[index] = (byte)0;
}
int sz = size;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)sz;
sz /= 256;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)sz;
sz /= 256;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)sz;
sz /= 256;
Testblock[index++] = (byte)sz;
for (; index < 0x80; index++)
{
Testblock[index] = (byte)0x0;
}
byte[] name_bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(name);
for (index = 0; index < limit; index++)
{
Testblock[index * 2] = name_bytes[index];
}
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(512);
property.WriteData(stream);
byte[] output = stream.ToArray();
Assert.AreEqual(Testblock.Length, output.Length);
for (int j = 0; j < Testblock.Length; j++)
{
Assert.AreEqual(Testblock[j],
output[j], "mismatch at offset " + j);
}
}
}
}
``` |
The W's were a Christian ska and swing revival band, formed in Corvallis, Oregon in 1996. Success came quickly to the band and their first album, Fourth from the Last, was a sleeper hit, unexpectedly having had the strongest debut of any Christian album to date for its distributor. They toured the United States several times with a variety of artists. Touring highlights include Pope John Paul II's 1999 visit to St. Louis and dc Talk's Supernatural support tour.
Their mix of "swing pop" and ska was uncommon in the Christian music industry. They were more popular within Christian music than their neo-swing counterparts such as the Squirrel Nut Zippers or The Brian Setzer Orchestra. Their songwriting was known for its irreverence and frivolity and for its reflections of the band's faith. Before breaking up in 2000, the group released two albums, topped Christian rock radio and sales charts, and won two Gospel Music Association awards.
History
The W's formed as a ska band at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon in 1996. The lineup consisted of Andrew Schar (lead vocals, guitar), Valentine Hellman (tenor saxophone, clarinet), Todd Gruener (bass guitar), and Zak Shultz (drums). All were attending Oregon State and were residents of Avery Lodge. The band was spearheaded and envisioned by Shultz, but he moved to Seattle to work for Brandon Ebel with Tooth & Nail Records. By September 1997 Shultz had left, and the group was joined by Bret Barker (trumpet), who Schar met through Campus Crusade for Christ, and James Carter (alto saxophone, background vocals). Peter Kelly drummed during middle to the end of 1997, but he broke his arm in a skateboarding accident a few days before recording. Kelly stayed in Philomath, Oregon, got married, and became a youth leader. The band then recruited Brian Morris to replace Kelly from a local punk band.
The W's discovered a break when a mutual friend from Eugene, Aaron James (employed at the time by Five Minute Walk Records), offered them a spot opening for Five Iron Frenzy in Concord, California. Following the CD release party for Five Iron Frenzy's Our Newest Album Ever! in November 1997, they signed with Frank Tate's Five Minute Walk Records. Within a year they produced their first album, Fourth from the Last. The album was released when neo-swing was popular. In its opening week it sold almost 9,000 units, representing over half of the total stock that had been manufactured. This was the highest-selling band debut to date of any album for Five Minute Walks's distributor, Chordant. This also placed Fourth at the No. 4 spot on both Billboard's Heatseekers and Top Contemporary Christian charts.
Despite being pulled from the shelves of LifeWay Christian Resources stores for containing indecent words (eg, suck, butt) The W's sold over 31,000 copies in five weeks, and eventually over 200,000 units, peaking at No. 147 on The Billboard 200. Fourth from the Last received the Dove Award for Modern Rock Album of the Year in 1999. "The Devil Is Bad" was The W's hit single from the record. It peaked at No. 1 and No. 6 on the Christian rock and hits radio and charts respectively, and won the Dove for Modern Rock Recorded Song in 1999. The song was also released on the double Platinum certified annual compilation WOW 1999.
In late 1998 the band appeared on the cover of 7ball magazine (pictured left), representing the widest media coverage the band garnered throughout their career. The cover reflects the visual signature of the band at the time. Fourth from the Last was themed around bowling, a sport which band member had mixed feelings about. At least one member (Todd Gruener) was said to hate the sport, while Andrew Schar had played in a league. Closing out 1998, the band played some dates with one of their mainstream counterparts, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, and alternative band Cracker.
They played at Pope John Paul II's visit to St. Louis in January. From late that month until May the band opened for Christian rock group dc Talk on their Supernatural Experience tour. During this time "Moses" entered Christian radio as a second single and peaked at No. 3 on the Christian rock radio charts. That May the band went into the studio to record their second and final album, Trouble With X. Summer brought further touring and appearances at Christian music festivals. That fall the band embarked on the national Holy Roller Tour with The Insyderz, Five Iron Frenzy, and Justin McRoberts. Shows on this tour were held at roller skating rinks across the country.
In November Trouble With X was released, peaking at No. 21 and No. 25 on the Billboard Heatseekers and Top Contemporary Christian charts respectively. Some copies of Trouble With X included "The Rumor Weed Song", which was made for the episode Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed of the children's video series VeggieTales. The song was also included on the WOW 2000 compilation, which also achieved double Platinum sales.
Touring continued in 2000 alongside labelmates Five Iron Frenzy, Philmore, and Soul-Junk. Drummer Brian Morris departed and was replaced by Courtney Stubbert. The W's commenced recording for a third album, though it was never released. One song from the sessions, "Somewhere Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" was released on the compilation Take Time to Listen Volume 5. The W's broke up in December 2000, citing artistic differences.
After the break-up
Some members continued to produce music following the demise of The W's. Gruener and Morris joined Corvallis friend Mark Cleaver in the indie band Bendixon. Bendixon released two albums, Bendixon (1999) and Slaying of the Dragon (2000). Their sound was comparable to Weezer or All Star United, and like The W's most of their songs could be considered fun or witty. Schar and Stubbert formed the band Alpha Charlie and released one album, ...and I wait (2002), before breaking up in 2004. Early member Shultz moved to Los Angeles in 1997.
Bret Barker and Valentine Hellman appeared on Five Iron Frenzy's 2000 album All the Hype That Money Can Buy. Barker appeared on Dennis Culp's solo album, Ascents (2000), Five Iron Frenzy 2: Electric Boogaloo (2001) in both the additional musician credits and as a recording engineer, and as an engineer on The End Is Near (2003). Barker joined The O.C. Supertones in 2004 and played with them until their breakup the following year.
Style
The music of The W's is similar to Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Royal Crown Revue, and The O.C. Supertones, but less ska-based than the latter. HM Magazine commented that "the closest thing in the Christian market was Ralph Carmichael's big band project" (Strike Up the Band, 1995). Though they were often cited as third wave ska or swing revival, their overall sound did not fit neatly into any musical genre. Band members generally agreed with this assessment: Andrew Schar noted that "Our music gets labeled swing, but we're not really swing", and sax player James Carter, "I think 'swing' and 'ska' are just terms people are comfortable using. I don't think they completely describe the music we play at all". Bass player Gruener described their music as "kinda ska, kinda swing, kinda rockabilly, kinda crazy, kinda punky". Cross Rhythms provides the most concise explanation: "This is Swing Ska!".
Reviewers, who noted a lack of depth in songwriting, regarded both of The W's albums as "fun". CCM reported that lyrically, their songs "swing between subtle spirituality and general goofiness." Elsewhere this style was described as "an odd marriage of reverence for God with forced attempts at irreverent wackiness." While the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music cites this as a "subdued approach to ministry", other commentators saw it as a disappointing lack of spiritual message, especially on Trouble With X.
Trouble was much more themed on Christianity than their debut, although its nature was philosophical rather than spiritual. Characterized by James Carter, "The last album, we wrote about our everyday lives... the majority of the songs were about skateboarding and stories we made up. This album, pretty much every song is about Christianity." The band leveled criticism at the church and Christians generally, sometimes using sarcasm, reminding one reviewer of Steve Taylor. "Tip from Me" is about breaking broad perceptions of Christianity and the Church. The purpose of the song was to acknowledge problems with the church, say to the non-Christian that "Yeah, we see the problems too," and a call to the Christian to act to fix them. In the song "Stupid" the band used the example of abortion clinic bombings (see, for example Eric Robert Rudolph) to make a pronounced statement about hypocrisy.
Several songs draw directly from biblical stories. The song "Moses" is about struggles with faith and insignificance. It draws inspiration from several biblical figures and stories, including Moses' Burning bush, Gideon, Peter's denial of Christ, and Paul's role in the death of Stephen to show how God can use anybody for his purposes. "Used Car Salesman" paints a colorful description of the Devil, selling sins as used Hondas.
Other songs, such as "Dexter", and "Frank" retell parts of the lives of band members. "J.P." tells about how a friend of Valentine Hellman encouraged him to leave the party scene and rededicate his life to Christ. "Hui" retells the 1987 film North Shore. More mundane topics include the hardships of school ("101") and of touring and making music professionally ("Two More Weeks", "Open Minded"). Another notable song was their cover of John Denver's "Country Roads", which some thought worked well as a swing tune.
Discography
Albums
1998 Fourth from the Last
1999 Trouble With X
References
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Oregon
Musicians from Corvallis, Oregon
American Christian rock groups
American ska musical groups
Christian ska groups
Swing revival ensembles
Third-wave ska groups
1996 establishments in Oregon
2000 disestablishments in Oregon
Musical groups disestablished in 2000 |
```javascript
/*
* Project: Bootstrap Notify = v3.1.3
* Description: Turns standard Bootstrap alerts into "Growl-like" notifications.
* Author: Mouse0270 aka Robert McIntosh
* Website: path_to_url
*/
(function (factory) {
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
// AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
define(['jquery'], factory);
} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
// Node/CommonJS
factory(require('jquery'));
} else {
// Browser globals
factory(jQuery);
}
}(function ($) {
// Create the defaults once
var defaults = {
element: 'body',
position: null,
type: "info",
allow_dismiss: true,
newest_on_top: false,
showProgressbar: false,
placement: {
from: "top",
align: "right"
},
offset: 20,
spacing: 10,
z_index: 1031,
delay: 5000,
timer: 1000,
url_target: '_blank',
mouse_over: null,
animate: {
enter: 'animated fadeInDown',
exit: 'animated fadeOutUp'
},
onShow: null,
onShown: null,
onClose: null,
onClosed: null,
icon_type: 'class',
template: '<div data-notify="container" class="col-xs-11 col-sm-4 alert alert-{0}" role="alert"><button type="button" aria-hidden="true" class="close" data-notify="dismiss">×</button><span data-notify="icon"></span> <span data-notify="title">{1}</span> <span data-notify="message">{2}</span><div class="progress" data-notify="progressbar"><div class="progress-bar progress-bar-{0}" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="0" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 0%;"></div></div><a href="{3}" target="{4}" data-notify="url"></a></div>'
};
String.format = function() {
var str = arguments[0];
for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
str = str.replace(RegExp("\\{" + (i - 1) + "\\}", "gm"), arguments[i]);
}
return str;
};
function Notify ( element, content, options ) {
// Setup Content of Notify
var content = {
content: {
message: typeof content == 'object' ? content.message : content,
title: content.title ? content.title : '',
icon: content.icon ? content.icon : '',
url: content.url ? content.url : '#',
target: content.target ? content.target : '-'
}
};
options = $.extend(true, {}, content, options);
this.settings = $.extend(true, {}, defaults, options);
this._defaults = defaults;
if (this.settings.content.target == "-") {
this.settings.content.target = this.settings.url_target;
}
this.animations = {
start: 'webkitAnimationStart oanimationstart MSAnimationStart animationstart',
end: 'webkitAnimationEnd oanimationend MSAnimationEnd animationend'
}
if (typeof this.settings.offset == 'number') {
this.settings.offset = {
x: this.settings.offset,
y: this.settings.offset
};
}
this.init();
};
$.extend(Notify.prototype, {
init: function () {
var self = this;
this.buildNotify();
if (this.settings.content.icon) {
this.setIcon();
}
if (this.settings.content.url != "#") {
this.styleURL();
}
this.styleDismiss();
this.placement();
this.bind();
this.notify = {
$ele: this.$ele,
update: function(command, update) {
var commands = {};
if (typeof command == "string") {
commands[command] = update;
}else{
commands = command;
}
for (var command in commands) {
switch (command) {
case "type":
this.$ele.removeClass('alert-' + self.settings.type);
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="progressbar"] > .progress-bar').removeClass('progress-bar-' + self.settings.type);
self.settings.type = commands[command];
this.$ele.addClass('alert-' + commands[command]).find('[data-notify="progressbar"] > .progress-bar').addClass('progress-bar-' + commands[command]);
break;
case "icon":
var $icon = this.$ele.find('[data-notify="icon"]');
if (self.settings.icon_type.toLowerCase() == 'class') {
$icon.removeClass(self.settings.content.icon).addClass(commands[command]);
}else{
if (!$icon.is('img')) {
$icon.find('img');
}
$icon.attr('src', commands[command]);
}
break;
case "progress":
var newDelay = self.settings.delay - (self.settings.delay * (commands[command] / 100));
this.$ele.data('notify-delay', newDelay);
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="progressbar"] > div').attr('aria-valuenow', commands[command]).css('width', commands[command] + '%');
break;
case "url":
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="url"]').attr('href', commands[command]);
break;
case "target":
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="url"]').attr('target', commands[command]);
break;
default:
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="' + command +'"]').html(commands[command]);
};
}
var posX = this.$ele.outerHeight() + parseInt(self.settings.spacing) + parseInt(self.settings.offset.y);
self.reposition(posX);
},
close: function() {
self.close();
}
};
},
buildNotify: function () {
var content = this.settings.content;
this.$ele = $(String.format(this.settings.template, this.settings.type, content.title, content.message, content.url, content.target));
this.$ele.attr('data-notify-position', this.settings.placement.from + '-' + this.settings.placement.align);
if (!this.settings.allow_dismiss) {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="dismiss"]').css('display', 'none');
}
if ((this.settings.delay <= 0 && !this.settings.showProgressbar) || !this.settings.showProgressbar) {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="progressbar"]').remove();
}
},
setIcon: function() {
if (this.settings.icon_type.toLowerCase() == 'class') {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="icon"]').addClass(this.settings.content.icon);
}else{
if (this.$ele.find('[data-notify="icon"]').is('img')) {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="icon"]').attr('src', this.settings.content.icon);
}else{
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="icon"]').append('<img src="'+this.settings.content.icon+'" alt="Notify Icon" />');
}
}
},
styleDismiss: function() {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="dismiss"]').css({
position: 'absolute',
right: '10px',
top: '5px',
zIndex: this.settings.z_index + 2
});
},
styleURL: function() {
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="url"]').css({
backgroundImage: 'url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)',
height: '100%',
left: '0px',
position: 'absolute',
top: '0px',
width: '100%',
zIndex: this.settings.z_index + 1
});
},
placement: function() {
var self = this,
offsetAmt = this.settings.offset.y,
css = {
display: 'inline-block',
margin: '0px auto',
position: this.settings.position ? this.settings.position : (this.settings.element === 'body' ? 'fixed' : 'absolute'),
transition: 'all .5s ease-in-out',
zIndex: this.settings.z_index
},
hasAnimation = false,
settings = this.settings;
$('[data-notify-position="' + this.settings.placement.from + '-' + this.settings.placement.align + '"]:not([data-closing="true"])').each(function() {
return offsetAmt = Math.max(offsetAmt, parseInt($(this).css(settings.placement.from)) + parseInt($(this).outerHeight()) + parseInt(settings.spacing));
});
if (this.settings.newest_on_top == true) {
offsetAmt = this.settings.offset.y;
}
css[this.settings.placement.from] = offsetAmt+'px';
switch (this.settings.placement.align) {
case "left":
case "right":
css[this.settings.placement.align] = this.settings.offset.x+'px';
break;
case "center":
css.left = 0;
css.right = 0;
break;
}
this.$ele.css(css).addClass(this.settings.animate.enter);
$.each(Array('webkit-', 'moz-', 'o-', 'ms-', ''), function(index, prefix) {
self.$ele[0].style[prefix+'AnimationIterationCount'] = 1;
});
$(this.settings.element).append(this.$ele);
if (this.settings.newest_on_top == true) {
offsetAmt = (parseInt(offsetAmt)+parseInt(this.settings.spacing)) + this.$ele.outerHeight();
this.reposition(offsetAmt);
}
if ($.isFunction(self.settings.onShow)) {
self.settings.onShow.call(this.$ele);
}
this.$ele.one(this.animations.start, function(event) {
hasAnimation = true;
}).one(this.animations.end, function(event) {
if ($.isFunction(self.settings.onShown)) {
self.settings.onShown.call(this);
}
});
setTimeout(function() {
if (!hasAnimation) {
if ($.isFunction(self.settings.onShown)) {
self.settings.onShown.call(this);
}
}
}, 600);
},
bind: function() {
var self = this;
this.$ele.find('[data-notify="dismiss"]').on('click', function() {
self.close();
})
this.$ele.mouseover(function(e) {
$(this).data('data-hover', "true");
}).mouseout(function(e) {
$(this).data('data-hover', "false");
});
this.$ele.data('data-hover', "false");
if (this.settings.delay > 0) {
self.$ele.data('notify-delay', self.settings.delay);
var timer = setInterval(function() {
var delay = parseInt(self.$ele.data('notify-delay')) - self.settings.timer;
if ((self.$ele.data('data-hover') === 'false' && self.settings.mouse_over == "pause") || self.settings.mouse_over != "pause") {
var percent = ((self.settings.delay - delay) / self.settings.delay) * 100;
self.$ele.data('notify-delay', delay);
self.$ele.find('[data-notify="progressbar"] > div').attr('aria-valuenow', percent).css('width', percent + '%');
}
if (delay <= -(self.settings.timer)) {
clearInterval(timer);
self.close();
}
}, self.settings.timer);
}
},
close: function() {
var self = this,
$successors = null,
posX = parseInt(this.$ele.css(this.settings.placement.from)),
hasAnimation = false;
this.$ele.data('closing', 'true').addClass(this.settings.animate.exit);
self.reposition(posX);
if ($.isFunction(self.settings.onClose)) {
self.settings.onClose.call(this.$ele);
}
this.$ele.one(this.animations.start, function(event) {
hasAnimation = true;
}).one(this.animations.end, function(event) {
$(this).remove();
if ($.isFunction(self.settings.onClosed)) {
self.settings.onClosed.call(this);
}
});
setTimeout(function() {
if (!hasAnimation) {
self.$ele.remove();
if (self.settings.onClosed) {
self.settings.onClosed(self.$ele);
}
}
}, 600);
},
reposition: function(posX) {
var self = this,
notifies = '[data-notify-position="' + this.settings.placement.from + '-' + this.settings.placement.align + '"]:not([data-closing="true"])',
$elements = this.$ele.nextAll(notifies);
if (this.settings.newest_on_top == true) {
$elements = this.$ele.prevAll(notifies);
}
$elements.each(function() {
$(this).css(self.settings.placement.from, posX);
posX = (parseInt(posX)+parseInt(self.settings.spacing)) + $(this).outerHeight();
});
}
});
$.notify = function ( content, options ) {
var plugin = new Notify( this, content, options );
return plugin.notify;
};
$.notifyDefaults = function( options ) {
defaults = $.extend(true, {}, defaults, options);
return defaults;
};
$.notifyClose = function( command ) {
if (typeof command === "undefined" || command == "all") {
$('[data-notify]').find('[data-notify="dismiss"]').trigger('click');
}else{
$('[data-notify-position="'+command+'"]').find('[data-notify="dismiss"]').trigger('click');
}
};
}));
``` |
```xml
import omit from 'lodash/omit'
export type RecordSet<Parent extends string, Child extends string, Value> =
Record<Parent, Record<Child, Value>>
export function setChild<
Parent extends string,
Child extends string,
Value,
> (
obj: Record<Parent, Record<Child, Value>>,
parentKey: Parent,
childKey: Child,
value: Value,
): Record<Parent, Record<Child, Value>> {
const inner = obj[parentKey] || {}
return {
...obj,
[parentKey]: {
...inner,
[childKey]: value,
},
}
}
export function removeChild<
Parent extends string,
Child extends string,
Value,
> (
obj: RecordSet<Parent, Child, Value>,
parentKey: Parent,
childKey: Child,
): Record<Parent, Record<Child, Value>> {
let inner = (obj[parentKey] || {}) as Record<Child, Value>
// I don't want to fight with you TypeScript, but sometimes you make my life
// damn hard.
inner = omit(inner, childKey) as Record<Child, Value>
if (Object.keys(inner).length === 0) {
return removeParent(obj, parentKey)
}
return {
...obj,
[parentKey]: inner,
}
}
export function removeParent<
Parent extends string,
Child extends string,
Value,
> (
obj: RecordSet<Parent, Child, Value>,
parentKey: Parent,
): Record<Parent, Record<Child, Value>> {
return omit(obj, parentKey) as unknown as RecordSet<Parent, Child, Value>
}
``` |
Sheqi County () is a county in the southwest of Henan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanyang, and has an area of and a population of as of 2002.
Administrative divisions
As 2012, this county is divided to 12 towns and 3 townships.
Towns
Townships
Chengjiao Township ()
Mopi Township ()
Tangzhuang Township ()
Climate
References
County-level divisions of Henan
Nanyang, Henan |
Leland is a city in Winnebago County, Iowa, United States. The population was 249 at the time of the 2020 census.
History
Leland was platted in 1887, and named for one of its founders, John D. Leland. Leland was incorporated as a city in 1894.
Geography
Leland is located at (43.333668, -93.637435).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 289 people, 119 households, and 76 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 127 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% White, 1.0% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 2.4% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population.
There were 119 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.1% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.6% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 258 people, 110 households, and 75 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 117 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.12% White, 0.78% Native American, 1.55% Asian, 0.78% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.49% of the population.
There were 110 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $29,250 versus $21,406 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,175. About 2.8% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 9.1% of those 65 or over.
Education
Residents are part of the Forest City Community School District.
Popular culture
Leland is the subject of a song by Kevin Costner & Modern West.
Notable person
Terry E. Branstad (born 1946) United States Ambassador, formerly the 39th and 42nd Governor of Iowa.
References
External links
YouTube Kevin Costner & Modern West singing Leland, Iowa in Leland
City-Data Comprehensive Statistical Data and more about Leland
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Winnebago County, Iowa
1887 establishments in Iowa |
Attenborolimulus is an extinct genus of horseshoe crab with one known species: Attenborolimulus superspinosus. This genus is known from the Petropavlovka formation, dating to the Olenekian age (early Triassic), and is named after David Attenborough for his work in conservation and science communication.
See also
List of things named after David Attenborough and his works
References
Xiphosura
Prehistoric chelicerates
Fossil taxa described in 2021 |
Shrine Mont is a retreat and conference center owned by the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia in the town of Orkney Springs, Virginia, United States which is located at the foot of Great North Mountain in the Shenandoah Valley and at the edge of the George Washington National Forest. It includes about 1,100 acres of forest.
The church at Shrine Mont is the Cathedral Shrine of the Transfiguration, an open-air sanctuary consecrated in 1925. Each of its stones was pulled by horse or rolled by local people from the mountain that embraces it. The baptismal font was originally a dugout stone used by Native Americans to grind corn.
It also includes The Virginia House (formerly known as the Orkney Springs Hotel) which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and was purchased by Shrine Mont in 1979. With its white clapboard structure and tall, green-shuttered windows, The Virginia House is four stories high. The 96,000 square-foot structure was built in 1873 and restored in 1987.
History
A short distance from Shrine Mont are seven springs where discovered relics indicate a Native American settlement was once located. The spring waters were said to have healing powers and visitors started to come to the area in the mid-1800s. Several hotels were built including the Orkney Springs Hotel which was started in the 1850s. In the late 1800s, Episcopal church services were held in the hotel, often by the Sixth Bishop of Virginia, Robert Atkinson Gibson. In 1902, the Bishop purchased a cottage called Tanglewood for his summer residence and soon decided to establish year-round worship at Orkney Springs. Bishop Gibson died in 1919 and shortly after his death the Shrine of the Transfiguration was built on part of what had been his land and next to it, the Shelter Chapel. Eventually Tanglewood, with all its buildings, became the heart of Shrine Mont.
The Shrine was built by his son-in-law, the Rev. Edmund Lee Woodward. He and his wife purchased land at Orkney Springs and spent their vacations there each year. He cut down 100 trees to clear the area and built a log cabin (named Gibson Cottage), which was finished in 1928 when they took up permanent residence.
The Shrine was built from 1924 to 1925 in the space of a natural amphitheater. It includes a bell tower, a sacristy, a shrine crossing, choir and clergy stalls, a pulpit, a font and a lectern. At the consecration in 1925, a Deed of Donation was presented by the Woodwards which conveyed the land on which the cabin and shrine were built to the Diocese of Virginia. Henry St. George Tucker (bishop) then appointed Woodward rector of the shrine for life or until he resigned.
In 1928, after Woodward took up permanent residence, he planned a retreat which could accommodate 120 guests. Bishop Tucker approved the plan provided that it was not included in the diocesan budget. Woodward would construct various buildings and a swimming pool. He also purchased houses and buildings built by others to create cottages, plus a refectory and kitchen.
In 1929, more land was acquired from the Orkney Springs Hotel.
After Dr Woodward's death in 1948, the Diocese appointed Wilmer E. Moomaw as director manager and Rev. Francis Tyndall as temporary chaplain and director. Later, Rev. Tucker became dean of the Cathedral Shrine of the Transfiguration and chaplain of Shrine Mont.
In 1950, Moomaw was appointed Director of Shrine Mont with full responsibility for the operation and development of the property, and for the physical care and protection of the Shrine. Moomaw served as Director until 1988. During his tenure, he improved and renovated the entire property, adding new facilities and increasing the number of people attending, and thus broadening the scope of its operation.
Notable people
Author Armistead Maupin spent time with his family at Shrine Mont as a teenager.
References
Cleveland, George J., The Cathedral Shrine of the Transfiguration and Shrine Mont, Shenandoah Pub. House, 1972
External links
Shrine Mont - official site
Buildings and structures in Shenandoah County, Virginia
Tourist attractions in Shenandoah County, Virginia
Religious buildings and structures in Virginia |
"El Matadero" (Spanish for The Slaughterhouse), is the fourteenth episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on October 8, 2017.
This episode marks the final appearance of Mercedes Mason (Ofelia Salazar) who died after she was bitten in "This Land Is Your Land".
Plot
Ofelia falls off the water truck and the others in the group see that she has been bitten. Madison promises that she'll see her father, sells half their weapons so she can rest in the bazaar and spends more to keep her comfortable. Strand criticizes her for wasting resources while a grieving Walker finds honor in observing her last wish. Madison and Nick looks after Ofelia. Madison manages to reach Daniel, but Ofelia dies just as Daniel arrives. Nick goes on a binge of drugs and drinking, wrangling Troy into joining him, eventually wading through a group of walking dead when Nick confesses that he can't go with Madison. The next morning, Daniel agrees to let Madison's group come to the dam but Nick and Troy decide to stay at the bazaar. Elsewhere, Alicia's scavenging attracts the dead who are killed by Diana. The two women initially threaten each other but decide to share the food Alicia found.
Reception
"El Matadero", received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, "El Matadero" garnered an 80% rating, with an average score of 7.45/10 based on 9 reviews.
Matt Fowler of IGN gave "El Matadero" an 8.2/10.0 rating, stating; "Fear the Walking Dead more solidly found its tone and voice this season by embracing the arid landscape, ramping up the human-on-human conflict, and rallying around Kim Dickens' anti-hero mom, Madison, as the driving character."
Ratings
"El Matadero" was seen by 2.26 million viewers in the United States on its original air date, below the previous episodes rating of 2.38 million.
References
2017 American television episodes
Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) episodes |
Luiste () is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.
References
Villages in Rapla County
Kreis Wiek |
Nikolay Nikolov (; born 15 October 1964, in Beloslav) is a retired Bulgarian pole vaulter. He is best known for winning a silver medal at the 1988 European Indoor Championships.
His personal best jump was 5.72 metres, achieved in July 1991 in Sofia. This ranks him third among Bulgarian pole vaulters, only behind Spas Bukhalov and Atanas Tarev.
Achievements
References
1964 births
Living people
Bulgarian male pole vaulters |
The Basilica of Our Lady (; ) is a Romanesque church in the historic center of Maastricht, Netherlands. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of the Assumption () and is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Diocese of Roermond. The church is often referred to as the Star of the Sea (), after the church's main devotion, Our Lady, Star of the Sea.
History
The present-day church is probably not the first church that was built on this site. However, since no archeological research has ever been carried out inside the building, nothing certain can be said about this. The church's site, inside the Roman castrum and adjacent to a religious shrine dedicated to the god Jupiter, suggests that the site was once occupied by a Roman temple. It is not unlikely that the town's first church was built here and that this church in the 4th or 5th century became the cathedral of the diocese of Tongeren-Maastricht.
Some time before the year 1100 the church became a collegiate church, run by a college of canons. The canons were appointed by the prince-bishop of Liège. The provosts were chosen from the chapter of St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège. The chapter of Our Lady's had around 20 canons, which made it a middle-sized chapter in the diocese of Liège. Until the end of the chapter in 1798 it maintained its strong ties with Liège. Parishioners of Our Lady's were identified in old documents as belonging to the Familia Sancti Lamberti. It is clear that the chapter of Saint Servatius was the more powerful institution in Maastricht, with strong ties to the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, but throughout the Middle Ages the two churches remained rivals.
Most of the present church was built in the 11th and 12th centuries. Construction of the imposing westwork started shortly after 1000 AD. In the 13th century the nave received Gothic vaults. Around 1200 the canons abandoned their communal lifestyle, after which canons' houses were built in the vicinity of the church. In the 14th century a parish church was built next to the collegiate church, so the main building could be reserved for the canons' religious duties. Of this parish church, dedicated to Saint Nicolas, very little remains as it was demolished in 1838. Apart from Saint Nicholas Church, the parish made use of three other chapels dedicated to Saint Hilarius, Saint Evergislus, and Saint Mary Minor. In the mid-16th century the present late Gothic cloisters replaced the earlier cloisters.
After the incorporation of Maastricht in the French First Republic in 1794, the town's religious institutions were dissolved (1798). Many of the church treasures were lost during this period. The church and cloisters were used as a blacksmith shop and stables by the military garrison. This situation continued until 1837 when the church was restored to the religious practice. This coincided with the demolishing of Saint Nicholas Church and the transfer of the parish to Our Lady's.
From 1887 to 1917 the church was thoroughly restored by well-known Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers. Cuypers basically removed everything that did not fit his ideal of a Romanesque church. Parts of the east choir, the two choir towers, and the south aisle were almost entirely rebuilt.
The church was elevated to the rank of minor basilica by Pope Pius XI on 20 February 1933.
Description exterior
The building is largely Romanesque in style and is considered an important example of the Mosan group of churches that are characterized by massive westworks and pseudo-transepts. Our Lady's in Maastricht indeed has a tall, massive westwork and two pseudo-transepts on each side. The westwork, built of carbonic sandstone, dates from the early 11th century and is flanked by two narrow towers with marlstone turrets. Some spolia, probably from the former Roman castrum of Maastricht, were used on the lower parts of the westwork. The nave with its transept and pseudo-transepts largely dates from the second half of the 11th century.
The church has two choirs and two crypts. The east choir dates from the 12th century and is decorated with carved Romanesque capitals (several of which are 19th-century copies). The east crypt is a century older. During the building campaign the original plan for the eastern part of the church was abandoned and a new scheme, based on the newly finished choir of St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège, adopted. The current, heavily restored choir towers are roofed with Rhenish helms of stone rather than shingling. One of the towers, named after Saint Barbara, was used for storage of the city archives and the church treasury.
A 13th-century Gothic portal, rebuilt in the 15th century, provides access to the church from Onze Lieve Vrouweplein. It is also the entrance of the so-called Mérode chapel (or Star of the Sea chapel).
Description interior
Although the interior of the church underwent many changes throughout the centuries, it has an 'authentic' Romanesque feel to it. This is largely due to the restoration ideas of the architect Pierre Cuypers, who had several of the larger Gothic windows replaced by small Romanesque windows, thus creating a darker, 'mystical' atmosphere. Cuypers also removed the white plastering of the late Baroque period and had several altars built in a Romanesque or Gothic Revival style. Despite all these changes, the turbulent history of the building is still legible. Some murals dating from the Middle Ages have survived (including one of Saint Catherine from the 14th century). A mural on a pillar of Saint Christopher and the Infant Jesus dates from 1571. The large ceiling painting in the choir is Neo-Romanesque and dates from the Cuypers restoration. All stained glass windows are from the 19th or 20th century.
The furnishing of the church interior has followed the fashion of the time but suffered badly during the years of desecration (1798-1837). In 1380 the church had 33 altars but most of the medieval church inventory got lost in the turbulence that followed the arrival of the French in 1794. A precious baptismal font by the Maastricht metalworker Aert van Tricht (c. 1500) survived but was stripped of most of its ornaments. Several Baroque confessionals and a richly carved pulpit were taken over from a former nearby Jesuit church. The 18th-century Baroque altar, now in the southern transept, is from the former Church of Saint Nicholas. The large pipe organ was built in 1652 by André Severin.
Among the works of art owned by the church are a wood panel of The dream of Jacob (Flemish, c. 1500–1550), a large canvas with the Holy Family (Southern Netherlands, c. 1600), a large painting of the Crucifixion (Southern Netherlands, 17th century), two paintings attributed to Erasmus Quellinus II, one of Saint Cecilia and one of Saint Agnes (17th century), a 14th-century German Pieta, two 15th-century statues of the Virgin Mary (including the famous one in the Star of the Sea chapel), an Anna selbdritt and a Saint Christopher, both attributed to the Maastricht sculptor Jan van Steffeswert (c. 1500).
The architectural sculpture in the interior of the Basilica of Our Lady belongs to the highlights of Mosan art. The 20 highly symbolic capitals in the choir ambulatory depict scenes from the Old Testament, as well as various kinds of animals, monsters, birds, naked or scarcely dressed humans entangled in foliage, and humans fighting with animals. One capital in particular is famous as it was signed 'Heimo', probably by its maker who may also be represented on it, handing over a capital to the virgin Mary. The carved capitals and corbels of the choir gallery, as well as the capitals in the nave, are of a slightly later date and less vivid, depicting mainly foliage with some human and animal figures. Most of the carved capitals, as well as some important reliefs elsewhere in the church, date from the second half of the 12th century. A close relationship has been established between the Romanesque sculpture in Our Lady's and that in the Basilica of Saint Servatius in Maastricht, the Church of St Peter in Utrecht and the Schwarzrheindorf double chapel in Bonn.
Cloisters and Star of the Sea chapel
Access to the cloisters, which enclose a garden, is through the church. The current cloisters were built in marlstone in late Gothic style with some Renaissance elements in 1558/59. They replaced the older Romanesque cloisters, of which some capitals have survived in the collection of the Bonnefantenmuseum. The floor of the cloisters is paved with monumental grave stones, some of them from the demolished Saint Nicholas Church. In 1910 a tower of the Roman castrum was found in the cloister garden.
For many people the main attraction of the Basilica of Our Lady is the miraculous statue of Our Lady, Star of the Sea. This 15th-century wooden statue was originally housed in a nearby Franciscan monastery. In 1801 it was moved to the former parish church of Saint Nicholas, adjacent to Our Lady's. After the closure of that church in 1837, the statue moved to Our Lady's. In 1903 it was placed in a Gothic chapel near the main entrance where it remains today and where it is daily visited by hundreds of worshipers. Pope Pius X crowned the venerated Marian image on 15 August 1912 via the Bishop of Roermond, Joseph Hubert Drehmanns. Twice a year it is being carried around town in the city's religious processions.
Treasury
The Basilica of our Lady possesses an important historical church treasure consisting of relics, reliquaries, textiles and liturgical objects. From the 14th century onwards it had a separate treasury room (Dutch: schatkamer), which at one point was located in the Tower of Saint Barbara (also the church's archives). It is believed that the choir gallery of Our Lady's was specifically built in the 12th century for the public showing of the recently acquired relics from Constantinople. During the Middle Ages great rivalry existed between Maastricht's two religious chapters. At several occasions the chapter of Saint Servatius complained about the fact that the canons at Our Lady's showed their relics in the open air, which only St Servatius' was allowed to do. The relics display, especially at the time of the Septennial Pilgrimage (Dutch: Heiligdomsvaart), drew large numbers of pilgrims from all over Europe, bringing in revenue for the churches.
Today the church treasure is only a fraction of what it once was. Many gold and silver objects were melted down in order to pay for war taxes during the tumultuous period after the French conquest of Maastricht in 1794. Other pieces were sold for personal gain or given away. Even as late as 1837, the church lost two of its most precious possessions out of ignorance. A 10th-century reliquary in the shape of a patriarchal cross, allegedly containing the largest particle of the True Cross, and the so-called "pectoral cross of Constantine" (both originating from Constantinople and probably taken to Maastricht by crusaders) were given away by a former canon and are now in the treasury of the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Two copper-gilt reliefs depicting angels are now in the Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius. In some cases the reliquaries were lost but the content (the relics) was saved. This is the case with the so-called "Virgin's Girdle". Of the original silver statues of the Virgin and two angels only a silver tube with the girdle survived.
The treasure of the basilica of Our Lady as it is today consists of reliquary boxes, cases or busts made of (gilded) silver or copper, silvered lead, brass, ivory, horn, bone and wood; chalices, patens, monstrances and other liturgical implements made of silver, silver-gilt, brass or tin; ecclesiastical vestments and ancient fabrics used for wrapping relics; antique books and manuscripts; paintings, prints and sculptures; and some archeological finds. The highlights are:
Silver reliquary for the "girdle of the Virgin Mary" (Maastricht?, 14th century, incomplete)
Tower belonging to a silver statue of Saint Barbara (Maastricht?, 16th century, the statue was melted down in 1795)
Three ivory reliquary chests (southern Italy or Spain, 12th or 13th century)
Three reliquary horns: one made of cattle horn with silvered lead furnishings (Scandinavia, 10th century), one of ivory with red copper furnishings (Southern Europe, 14th or 15th century) and one made of wood (Germany, 15th century)
Two silver ostensoria (Meuse-Rhine, 14th and 15th centuries)
Red velvet bursa or reliquary purse (France, 15th century). In 1913 there were 8 textile bursas in the treasury (some 13th century); all but one lost.
So-called "Robe of Saint Lambert" (Central Asia, 10th-13th centuries?)
Furthermore, the treasury is home to a collection of devotional objects (crucifixes, statuettes, rosaries, scapulars, pilgrim badges, and In memoriam cards) belonging to the foundation "Santjes en Kantjes".
References and sources
(1873): Antiquitées Sacrées conservées dans les Anciennes Collégiales de S.Servais et de Notre-Dame à Maestricht. Publisher unknown, Maastricht
(1990): De Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk te Maastricht. Bouwgeschiedenis en historische betekenis van de oostpartij. Clavis Kunsthistorische Monografieën, Volume IX. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
(2002): Romanesque Sculpture in Maastricht. Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht.
(2005): Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk I (Maastrichts Silhouet #62). Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht, Maastricht.
(ed.) (1985): Schatkamers uit het Zuiden. Rijksmuseum Het Catharijneconvent, Utrecht.
(1994): De kerkschat van het Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekapittel te Maastricht. Clavis Kunsthistorische Monografieën deel XIV. Clavis/Architectura & Natura Pers, Utrecht/Amsterdam/Zutphen.
(1926/1974): De monumenten in de gemeente Maastricht, Part 2. Arnhem (online text)
(1984): Maastricht staat op zijn verleden. Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht.
(1912): 'Geschiedenis der restauratie van O.L. Vrouwe kerk te Maastricht'. In: De Maasgouw, pp. 59, 60
(1979): Kerken van Maastricht. Vroom & Dreesmann, Maastricht
(1971): De kunst van het Maasland. Maaslandse Monografieën (large format), Part 1. Van Gorcum, Assen.
(2005): Historische Encyclopedie Maastricht. Walburg Pers, Zutphen & Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg, Maastricht.
External links
www.sterre-der-zee.nl (official website, largely in Dutch)
Roman Catholic churches in the Netherlands
Churches in Maastricht
Rijksmonuments in Maastricht
Our Lady, Maastricht
Former cathedrals in the Netherlands
Romanesque architecture in the Netherlands
Mosan art |
Lior Ron (born December 12, 1982) is an Israeli–American entrepreneur and music composer based in Los Angeles. His debut feature score was for the 2012 animated biopic "Pablo" (Jeff Bridges, Andy Garcia, Jon Voight), which premiered at the Rotterdam Film Festival 2012. Lior's music can be heard in numerous feature films such as "Chronicle" and "Road To Juarez" (William Forsythe) and worldwide trailers such as "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen" (Ewan McGregor, Emily Blunt), "Seeking a Friend for the End of the World" (Steve Carell, Keira Knightley) and "Microsoft Forza Motorsport 5" (Xbox One). Lior is a classically trained trumpet player who has performed and recorded with dozens of artists in his home country of Israel, including on multiple gold and platinum albums, TV appearances and film scores.
Biography
Born in Tel Aviv, Israel, 1982, Lior started playing trumpet at the age of 6. By age 16, he was the principal trumpet player and soloist for the Israeli National Youth Orchestra, touring worldwide. He then served 3 years as a principal trumpet player and soloist for the Israel Defense Forces Orchestra under the baton of Izhak 'Ziko' Graziani. After his release from the IDF in 2003, Lior has performed and recorded with some of the biggest artists in Israeli music, including Tomer Yosef (Balkan Beat Box), Aviv Geffen (Blackfield), "The Tonight Show" on channel 10 and "American Idol" on Channel 2. In 2008, Lior relocated to Los Angeles to score films, TV projects, and trailers.
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
American film score composers
American male film score composers
American television composers
Israeli emigrants to the United States |
```smalltalk
// ==========================================================================
// Squidex Headless CMS
// ==========================================================================
// ==========================================================================
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Contents;
using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Contents.Text;
using Squidex.Hosting;
using Squidex.Infrastructure;
using Squidex.Infrastructure.Json;
namespace Squidex.Extensions.Text.ElasticSearch;
public sealed partial class ElasticSearchTextIndex : ITextIndex, IInitializable
{
private static readonly Regex RegexLanguageNormal = BuildLanguageRegexNormal();
private static readonly Regex RegexLanguageStart = BuildLanguageRegexStart();
private readonly IJsonSerializer jsonSerializer;
private readonly IElasticSearchClient elasticClient;
private readonly QueryParser queryParser = new QueryParser(ElasticSearchIndexDefinition.GetFieldPath);
private readonly string indexName;
public ElasticSearchTextIndex(IElasticSearchClient elasticClient, string indexName, IJsonSerializer jsonSerializer)
{
this.elasticClient = elasticClient;
this.indexName = indexName;
this.jsonSerializer = jsonSerializer;
}
public Task InitializeAsync(
CancellationToken ct)
{
return ElasticSearchIndexDefinition.ApplyAsync(elasticClient, indexName, ct);
}
public Task ClearAsync(
CancellationToken ct = default)
{
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task ExecuteAsync(IndexCommand[] commands,
CancellationToken ct = default)
{
var args = new List<object>();
foreach (var command in commands)
{
CommandFactory.CreateCommands(command, args, indexName);
}
if (args.Count == 0)
{
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
return elasticClient.BulkAsync(args, ct);
}
public async Task<List<DomainId>?> SearchAsync(App app, GeoQuery query, SearchScope scope,
CancellationToken ct = default)
{
Guard.NotNull(app);
Guard.NotNull(query);
var serveField = GetServeField(scope);
var elasticQuery = new
{
query = new
{
@bool = new
{
filter = new object[]
{
new
{
term = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["schemaId.keyword"] = query.SchemaId.ToString()
}
},
new
{
term = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["geoField.keyword"] = query.Field
}
},
new
{
term = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
[serveField] = "true"
}
},
new
{
geo_distance = new
{
geoObject = new
{
lat = query.Latitude,
lon = query.Longitude
},
distance = $"{query.Radius}m"
}
}
}
}
},
_source = new[]
{
"contentId"
},
size = query.Take
};
return await SearchAsync(elasticQuery, ct);
}
public async Task<List<DomainId>?> SearchAsync(App app, TextQuery query, SearchScope scope,
CancellationToken ct = default)
{
Guard.NotNull(app);
Guard.NotNull(query);
var parsed = queryParser.Parse(query.Text);
if (parsed == null)
{
return null;
}
var serveField = GetServeField(scope);
var elasticQuery = new
{
query = new
{
@bool = new
{
filter = new List<object>
{
new
{
term = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["appId.keyword"] = app.Id.ToString()
}
},
new
{
term = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
[serveField] = "true"
}
}
},
must = new
{
query_string = new
{
query = parsed.Text
}
},
should = new List<object>()
}
},
_source = new[]
{
"contentId"
},
size = query.Take
};
if (query.RequiredSchemaIds?.Count > 0)
{
var bySchema = new
{
terms = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
["schemaId.keyword"] = query.RequiredSchemaIds.Select(x => x.ToString()).ToArray()
}
};
elasticQuery.query.@bool.filter.Add(bySchema);
}
else if (query.PreferredSchemaId.HasValue)
{
var bySchema = new
{
terms = new Dictionary<string, object?>
{
["schemaId.keyword"] = query.PreferredSchemaId.ToString()
}
};
elasticQuery.query.@bool.should.Add(bySchema);
}
var json = jsonSerializer.Serialize(elasticQuery, true);
return await SearchAsync(elasticQuery, ct);
}
private async Task<List<DomainId>> SearchAsync(object query,
CancellationToken ct)
{
var hits = await elasticClient.SearchAsync(indexName, query, ct);
var ids = new List<DomainId>();
foreach (var item in hits)
{
ids.Add(DomainId.Create(item["_source"]["contentId"]));
}
return ids;
}
private static string GetServeField(SearchScope scope)
{
return scope == SearchScope.Published ? "servePublished" : "serveAll";
}
[GeneratedRegex("[^\\w]+([a-z\\-_]{2,}):", RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture | RegexOptions.Compiled)]
private static partial Regex BuildLanguageRegexNormal();
[GeneratedRegex("$^([a-z\\-_]{2,}):", RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture | RegexOptions.Compiled)]
private static partial Regex BuildLanguageRegexStart();
}
``` |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>England | Flags</title>
<style>
#england
{
width: 160px;
height: 96px;
background-color: #FFFFFF;
background-image:
linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 72px,
#CE1124 72px, #CE1124 88px,
transparent 88px),
linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, transparent 24px,
#FFFFFF 24px, #FFFFFF 40px,
#CE1124 40px, #CE1124 56px,
#FFFFFF 56px, #FFFFFF 56px,
transparent 56px);
box-shadow: 0 0 16px 3px #E1E1E1;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="england"></div>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Aéropostale Inc., is an American shopping mall–based retailer of casual apparel and accessories, principally aimed at young adults and teenagers. Aéropostale maintains control over its proprietary brands by designing, sourcing, marketing, and selling all of its own merchandise. The company sells via Aéropostale stores in the United States and through its e-commerce site.
Aéropostale's licensees operate Aéropostale and P.S. from Aéropostale locations in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Latin America.
The first Aéropostale stores were opened in 1987 by R H Macy & Co. in Thousand Oaks, California, and in Short Hills, New Jersey.
Pronunciation
Many different pronunciations of the brand name have developed in the United States: arrow-PAUSE-tall, arrow-PUS-tall-ee etc.. According to a video posted by the company on YouTube, the English pronunciation is a simplified version of the French word, which means "French airmail service." In French, it's /a e ʁɔ pɔs ˈtal/. In English, it's /ˌɛər oʊ poʊ ˈstɒl/ or, in spelling pronunciation, "arrow-post-ALL."
Subsidiaries
The now-defunct P.S. from Aéropostale began in 2009, and originally only offered apparel at value prices to the 7–12 age market. In winter of 2011, P.S. added apparel for three-, four-, five- and six-year-olds to their collections, being introduced with the holiday clothing. Beginning in November 2013, the Bethany Mota collection was added to Aéropostale stores, featuring clothing and accessories designed by American video blogger Bethany Mota. Also beginning in the fall of 2013, the Live Love Dream collection (LLD) was added to Aéropostale stores. Live Love Dream features lounge and activewear geared to girls. The company also offered a secondary brand called Jimmy'Z that focused on surf and skater clothing. The 14 stores were branded as more upscale with higher price points than its parent chain. The company closed all Jimmy'Z in fiscal 2009.
In October 2014, the company launched their latest collection, United XXVI, which features clothing with an edgier look. The company works with video bloggers Nash Grier, Hayes Grier, and Cameron Dallas to create these looks based on the type of clothing the boys enjoy.
Aéropostale currently has the following brands for girls: Free State, Hobie, Invite Only, Junie & Jade, Lorimer, Map to Mars, The Bikini Lab, United XXVI. And for boys: Free State, United XXVI.
Competition
Aéropostale mainly competes with other outfitters, Abercrombie & Fitch and its subsidiary retailer Hollister Co., and American Eagle Outfitters as well as a few smaller brands. Aéropostale's younger brand, P.S. from Aéropostale, competed with brands such as A&F's younger subsidiary Abercrombie Kids and, formerly, American Eagle's 77kids.
Promotions
In 2007, the company began doing promotions with successful figures to increase brand awareness, and since 2008 started to collaborate with non-profit organisations and artists.
Legal issues
In March 2007, Aéropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Card Activation Technologies, Inc. in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois. In a separate lawsuit on the same patent, Card Activation received a ruling on claim construction which it interpreted as "extremely favorable" to its interpretation of the patent and its "pursuit of infringers" of the patent.
In June 2007, Aéropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Picture Patents, LLC in a lawsuit filed in the Southern District of New York.
In July 2009, Aéropostale was accused of infringing a patent owned by Furnace Brook, LLC in a lawsuit filed in the Northern District of Illinois.
Executive Vice President and Chief Merchandising Officer Christopher Finazzo was terminated in November 2006 after an investigation by the Board of Directors revealed that he had concealed and failed to disclose personal and business interests with South Bay Apparel, a major vendor. The SEC issued an investigation on the Finazzo matter in January 2008. A criminal indictment was unsealed and announced June 11, 2010 in U.S. Court in Brooklyn, NY charging Finazzo and Doug Dey, the owner of South Bay with wire and mail fraud conspiracy. Finazzo was convicted on 16 counts, including 14 counts of mail fraud and one each for wire fraud and conspiracy on April 25, 2013.
2016 Bankruptcy
After thirteen consecutive quarters of losses, the company was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange on April 22, 2016, and began trading under the symbol "AROP" as an over-the-counter stock.
Aéropostale filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on May 4, 2016, with assets of $354 million. The company closed 113 of its 739 U.S. stores and all 41 (in addition to 20 already closed prior to the filing) in Canada, the majority of which were unprofitable and responsible for the company's losses.
The company exited bankruptcy in September 2016, after a $243 million bid from a consortium of licensing firm Authentic Brands Group, mall operators Simon Property Group and General Growth Properties, and capital-investment firms Gordon Brothers and Hilco Merchant Resources. By January 2017 Aéropostale had reopened over 500 stores under its new management. Aéropostale products returned to Canada in 2019, through boutiques in Bluenotes stores and a dedicated online shop.
Following the acquisition in 2017, the company transferred its design, production and distribution license in Europe to the London-based LDN Fashion Design group. It has an annual turnover of almost 1.5 billion dollars (2020) and 1,000 stores in the Americas.
See also
Forever 21
Gap Inc.
Old Navy
Pacific Sunwear
Retail apocalypse
List of retailers affected by the retail apocalypse
References
External links
Official P.S. from Aéropostale website
Aéropostale SEC Filings
Clothing brands of the United States
Clothing retailers of the United States
Jeans by brand
Clothing companies based in New York City
American companies established in 1987
Clothing companies established in 1987
Retail companies established in 1987
1987 establishments in New York (state)
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2016
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada
2000s fashion
2010s fashion
Authentic Brands Group |
is a Japanese patriotic song composed by Tōkichi Setoguchi with lyrics by Yukio Morikawa. It was released in December 1937.
History
At the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Cabinet of Japan sponsored several public competitions for lyrics to Aikoku Kōshinkyoku in September 1937. There were 57,578 entries for lyrics that were received, and Morikawa's entry was selected as the winner. For the music, 9,555 entries to accompany the lyrics were then received, and Setoguchi was declared the winner. Setoguchi was already a noted composer who had written the Gunkan kōshinkyoku, the official march of the Imperial Navy.
A few days after its release, Aikoku Kōshinkyoku sold a hundred thousand copies from six labels. It sold over a million by 1938.
In popular culture
This song is used in the 1972 Malaysian film Laksamana Do Re Mi, but with different lyrics.
Lyrics
References
Compositions by Tokichi Setoguchi
1937 songs
Japanese-language songs
Japanese military marches
Japanese patriotic songs |
Banswada is a Town and Revenue division in Kamareddy district of the Indian state of Telangana.
Geography
Banswada is located at . It has an average elevation of 371 meters (1220 feet).
Politics
Earlier, Banswada was a major Grama Panchayat with 20 election wards. Then, after 11 January 2018, Banswada was upgraded to municipality grade 3 .MCB (Purapalaka Sangam Banswada). It was also the filming location for the film Fidaa.
In July 2019 Banswada municipality is divided in to 19 election wards, Banswada municipality electors are above 20000, total municipality population above 34000.
Transport
Banswada is situated on Hyderabad-Medak-Bodhan- Bhainsa National Highway No. 765D. The nearest railway stations are at Nizamabad, Bodhan and Kamareddy. The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Banswada to many cities and towns. Banswada (BSWD) has a TSRTC depot, which opened on 6 March 1993. Many buses from Banswada to Warangal (via Nizamabad), Adilabad, Bidar, Aurad, Hanegaon, Malegaon-Chandegaon, Hyderabad, JBS, Pitlam-JBS, Bichkunda-JBS, Bodhan-Hyderabad, Nizamabad-Hyderabad, Kamareddy-JBS, Medak-Hyderabad, Medak-Jbs, Deglore, Udgir, Kangti, Zehirabad, Sangareddy, Patancher, and Degulwadi.
Assembly constituency
Banswada is an assembly constituency in Telangana. Pocharam Srinivas Reddy from the Telangana Rashtra Samithi was elected in the 2018 Assembly Elections as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), earlier he resigned for the cause of Separate State of Telangana and joined the Bharat Rashtra Samithi party on 25 March 2011. The Election Commission has re-conducted bypoll elections. This time Pocharam Srinivas Reddy has won the elections from the Bharat Rashtra Samithi party with a huge majority of nearly 50,000 votes on 17 October 2011.
Health services
There is one area hospital under Telangana Vaidya Vidhana Parishad in Kamareddy district.
Anvita Hospital
Babu Shinde Hospital
Jivan Reddy Hospital
Balaji Hospital
Global dental Hospital
Bindu shree Hospital
Jagruti Hospital
Manjeera Multi Speciality Hospital
7 Hills Hospital
References
Cities and towns in Kamareddy district |
The Northcote-Trevelyan Report was a document prepared by Stafford H. Northcote (later to be Chancellor of the Exchequer) and C.E. Trevelyan (then Permanent Secretary at the Treasury) about the British Civil Service. Commissioned in 1853 and published in February 1854, the report catalysed the development of Her Majesty's Civil Service in the United Kingdom. Influenced by the Chinese Imperial Examinations, it recommended that entry to the Civil Service be solely on merit, to be enforced through the use of examinations. Its formal title was "Report on the Organisation of the Permanent Civil Service, Together with a Letter from the Rev. B. Jowett."
The report is generally regarded as the founding document of the British Civil Service, enshrining the service with the "core values of integrity, propriety, objectivity and appointment on merit, able to transfer its loyalty and expertise from one elected government to the next". Recognising that, at the time, public administration was suffering “both in internal efficiency and in public estimation", it formed the basis for the principle of an impartial Civil Service.
References
External links
Full text of the Northcote-Trevelyan Report
Civil Service (United Kingdom)
Reports of the United Kingdom government
Imperial examination |
Catherine Liston-Heyes (born ca 1966) is a Canadian economist, professor at the University of Ottawa and director of its Graduate School of Public and International Affairs. particularly known for her work on Competition and regulation.
Biography
Liston-Heyes obtained her BA in economics in 1988 at the University of Ottawa, and her PhD in economics in 1992 at the McGill University.
After graduation Liston-Heyes was associate professor at the Royal Holloway, University of London from 1993 to 2011, where she was also PhD director of the Accounting, Finance and Economics group, and later chaired that group. She has been visiting professor at universities in London, Hong Kong, New York and Singapore. In 2011 she returned to Canada and became professor and director of its University of Ottawa's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs.
Publications
Liston-Heyes has published several articles in the fields of her research interests "Economic Regulation, Charitable giving, Corporate Social Responsibility and Self-Regulation, Economic analysis of non governmental organizations, Consumer protection, and Public procurement." A selection:
Cairns, Robert D., and Catherine Liston-Heyes. "Competition and regulation in the taxi industry." Journal of Public Economics 59.1 (1996): 1-15.
Pilkington, Alan, and Catherine Liston-Heyes. "Is production and operations management a discipline? A citation/co-citation study." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 19.1 (1999): 7-20.
Liston-Heyes, Catherine, and Anthony Heyes. "Recreational benefits from the Dartmoor national park." Journal of Environmental Management 55.2 (1999): 69-80.
Vazquez, Diego A., and Catherine Liston‐Heyes. "Corporate discourse and environmental performance in Argentina." Business Strategy and the Environment 17.3 (2008): 179-193.
Liu, Gordon, Catherine Liston-Heyes, and Wai-Wai Ko. "Employee participation in cause-related marketing strategies: A study of management perceptions from British consumer service industries." Journal of Business Ethics 92.2 (2010): 195-210.
References
External links
Catherine Liston-Heyes at University of Ottawa's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs.
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian economists
Canadian women economists
University of Ottawa alumni
McGill University alumni
Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London |
Mykola Melnychenko (, ; born 1919 – death date unknown) was a Soviet professional footballe coach.
Coaching career
Dynamo
In 1949 Dynamo Kyiv football school was founded. Melnychenko became one of it's coaches along with Mykola Fominykh. He was a coach there during 1950s. In 1957 the school was merged into newly formed Dynamo Kyiv junior squads and Academy. In the 1960 youth championships, Dynamo team coached by Melnychenko became champions.
Dnipro
Melnychenko joined Dnipro Kremenchuk in 1964, his assistant was Hryhorii Miroshnyk. Before the start of the 1965 season he wrote in Avtobydivnyk newspaper that in 1964 season team under performed and new season began earlier to rectify those problems. Team finished the season in last place in their group, next year they finished fifth in group and sixteenth overall.
Legacy
During his career Melnychenko trained the following players: Anatoliy Byshovets.
References
Sources
1919 births
Year of death missing
Dynamo Kyiv Football Academy managers
FC Kremin Kremenchuk managers |
Archibald Campbell (15 August 1904 – c. 1980) was an English footballer who made 58 appearances in the Football League playing for Aston Villa and Lincoln City. He played as a right half or centre half. He was a nephew of Scotland international and Celtic and Aston Villa player John Campbell.
References
1904 births
1980 deaths
People from Crook, County Durham
Footballers from County Durham
English men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Spennymoor United A.F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Craghead United F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of death missing
English people of Scottish descent |
Liolaemus vulcanus is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae or the family Liolaemidae. The species is endemic to Argentina.
References
vulcanus
Lizards of South America
Reptiles of Argentina
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Reptiles described in 2011
Taxa named by Andrés Sebastián Quinteros
Taxa named by Cristian Simón Abdala |
The 2020 FC Okzhetpes season was the club's second season back in the Kazakhstan Premier League following their relegation at the end of the 2017 season, and 29th season in total.
Season events
On 13 March, the Football Federation of Kazakhstan announced all league fixtures would be played behind closed doors for the foreseeable future due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 16 March the Football Federation of Kazakhstan suspended all football until 15 April.
On 30 May, the Professional Football League of Kazakhstan announced that Irtysh Pavlodar had withdrawn from the league due to financial issues, with all their matches being excluded from the league results.
On 26 July, it was announced that the league would resume on 1 July, with no fans being permitted to watch the games. The league was suspended for a second time on 3 July, for an initial two weeks, due to an increase in COVID-19 cases in the country.
Contracts
On 13 January, Okzhetpes extended the contracts with Milan Stojanović, Darko Zorić, Plamen Dimov and Artjom Dmitrijev until the end of the 2020 season.
On 14 January, Okzhetpes extended the contracts with goalkeepers Ruslan Abzhanov and Yaroslav Baginsky until the end of the 2020 season.
On 27 January, Okzhetpes extended the contracts with Sanat Zhumakhanov, Ilya Kalinin and Altynbek Saparov until the end of the 2020 season.
Squad
Transfers
In
Released
Friendlies
Competitions
Premier League
Results summary
Results by round
Results
League table
Kazakhstan Cup
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
|colspan="14"|Players away from Okzhetpes on loan:
|-
|colspan="14"|Players who left Okzhetpes during the season:
|}
Goal scorers
Clean sheet
Disciplinary record
References
FC Okzhetpes seasons
Okzhetpes |
The T. R. R. Cobb House built in 1842 is an historic octagon house originally located at 194 Prince Avenue in Athens, Georgia. On June 30, 1975, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
The original part of the home of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb is a Greek Revival four-over-four "Plantation Plain" built about 1834. The house given in 1844 to Cobb and his new wife, Marion Lumpkin, as a gift from his father-in-law, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, the first Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court. Cobb made additions to the house of new rooms, and by 1852, it had acquired its octagon shape and two-story portico. Cobb died in 1862, and his widow remained in the house until 1873 when she sold it. The house was maintained and the Cobb family was served by the two dozen enslaved people Cobb owned, who lived behind the main house.
Until 1962, the house was used for a variety of purposes including rental property, a fraternity house, and a boarding house. In 1962, the Archdiocese of Atlanta bought the house to use as the rectory and offices for St. Joseph Catholic Church. In the 1980s, the parish was planning to demolish the house, and the Stone Mountain Memorial Association stepped forward in 1984, bought it, and relocated it to Stone Mountain Park in 1985.
The restoration of the house never took place because of lack of funding, and the house sat for nearly twenty years. In 2004 the Watson-Brown Foundation bought the house and returned it to Athens in the spring of 2005. The Watson-Brown Foundation restored the house to its appearance of 1850; in 2008, the Georgia Trust gave their work its Preservation Award for excellence in restoration.
The house was delisted from the National Register in 1985, but was re-listed on July 23, 2013.
The house is now open as a house museum located at 175 Hill Street in Cobbham Historic District. The same foundation also operates other historic house museums in Georgia including Hickory Hill in Thomson and the May Patterson Goodrum House in Atlanta.
References
External links
T. R. R. Cobb House - official site
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Houses in Athens, Georgia
Octagon houses in the United States
Houses completed in 1842
Museums in Clarke County, Georgia
Historic house museums in Georgia (U.S. state)
1842 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Relocated buildings and structures in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Clarke County, Georgia
Greek Revival houses in Georgia (U.S. state) |
```objective-c
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
/*
* The following is auto-generated. Do not manually edit. See scripts/loops.js.
*/
#ifndef STDLIB_STRIDED_BASE_UNARY_S_Z_AS_Z_Z_H
#define STDLIB_STRIDED_BASE_UNARY_S_Z_AS_Z_Z_H
#include <stdint.h>
/*
* If C++, prevent name mangling so that the compiler emits a binary file having undecorated names, thus mirroring the behavior of a C compiler.
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* Applies a unary callback to strided input array elements and assigns results to elements in a strided output array.
*/
void stdlib_strided_s_z_as_z_z( uint8_t *arrays[], const int64_t *shape, const int64_t *strides, void *fcn );
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif // !STDLIB_STRIDED_BASE_UNARY_S_Z_AS_Z_Z_H
``` |
Stanley Grant (1902–1993) was a British cinematographer and special effects expert. During the 1930s he worked mainly on quota quickies. In the 1940s he was employed on more prestigious films such as David Lean's Oliver Twist.
Selected filmography
Cinematographer
Flame in the Heather (1935)
Full Speed Ahead (1936)
Find the Lady (1936)
The Big Noise (1936)
Highland Fling (1936)
Blind Man's Bluff (1936)
The Black Tulip (1937)
Jennifer Hale (1937)
East of Ludgate Hill (1937)
There Was a Young Man (1937)
False Evidence (1937)
Behind Your Back (1937)
The Villiers Diamond (1938)
Dial 999 (1938)
The Last Barricade (1938)
Ghost Ship (1952)
Special effects
Uncle Silas (1947)
Odd Man Out (1947)
Oliver Twist (1948)
References
Bibliography
Phillips, Gene. Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean. University Press of Kentucky, 2006.
External links
1902 births
1993 deaths
British cinematographers
Mass media people from Leicester |
```kotlin
package mega.privacy.android.app.presentation.audiosection
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.grid.rememberLazyGridState
import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.rememberLazyListState
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.res.painterResource
import androidx.compose.ui.res.stringResource
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.lifecycle.compose.collectAsStateWithLifecycle
import mega.privacy.android.app.R
import mega.privacy.android.app.fragments.homepage.SortByHeaderViewModel
import mega.privacy.android.app.presentation.audiosection.model.AudioUiEntity
import mega.privacy.android.domain.entity.preference.ViewType
import mega.privacy.android.legacy.core.ui.controls.LegacyMegaEmptyView
import mega.privacy.android.shared.original.core.ui.controls.progressindicator.MegaCircularProgressIndicator
/**
* The compose view for audio section
*/
@Composable
fun AudioSectionComposeView(
viewModel: AudioSectionViewModel,
modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
onChangeViewTypeClick: () -> Unit = {},
onSortOrderClick: () -> Unit = {},
onMenuClick: (AudioUiEntity) -> Unit = {},
onLongClick: (item: AudioUiEntity, index: Int) -> Unit = { _, _ -> },
) {
val uiState by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
val listState = rememberLazyListState()
val gridState = rememberLazyGridState()
val progressBarShowing = uiState.progressBarShowing
val items = uiState.allAudios
val scrollToTop = uiState.scrollToTop
val accountType = uiState.accountDetail?.levelDetail?.accountType
LaunchedEffect(items) {
if (scrollToTop) {
if (uiState.currentViewType == ViewType.LIST)
listState.scrollToItem(0)
else
gridState.scrollToItem(0)
}
}
Box(modifier = modifier) {
when {
progressBarShowing -> {
Box(
modifier = Modifier
.fillMaxSize()
.padding(top = 20.dp),
contentAlignment = Alignment.TopCenter,
content = {
MegaCircularProgressIndicator(
modifier = Modifier
.size(50.dp),
strokeWidth = 4.dp,
)
},
)
}
items.isEmpty() -> LegacyMegaEmptyView(
modifier = Modifier,
text = stringResource(id = R.string.homepage_empty_hint_audio),
imagePainter = painterResource(id = R.drawable.ic_homepage_empty_audio)
)
else -> {
AudiosView(
items = items,
accountType = accountType,
isListView = uiState.currentViewType == ViewType.LIST,
listState = listState,
gridState = gridState,
sortOrder = stringResource(
id = SortByHeaderViewModel.orderNameMap[uiState.sortOrder]
?: R.string.sortby_name
),
modifier = Modifier,
onChangeViewTypeClick = onChangeViewTypeClick,
onSortOrderClick = onSortOrderClick,
onClick = viewModel::onItemClicked,
onLongClick = onLongClick,
onMenuClick = onMenuClick,
inSelectionMode = uiState.isInSelection
)
}
}
}
}
``` |
In United States constitutional law, a regulatory taking occurs when governmental regulations limit the use of private property to such a degree that the landowner is effectively deprived of all economically reasonable use or value of their property. Under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution governments are required to pay just compensation for such takings. The amendment is incorporated to the states via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Regulatory takings jurisprudence has its roots in Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' opinion in Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon (1922) which stated that: "The general rule, at least, is that, if regulation goes too far, it will be recognized as a taking for which compensation must be paid."
Modern jurisprudence to determine whether a regulatory taking has occurred centers around the ad hoc factor-based test that the Supreme Court of the United States laid out in Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City (1978). Courts are to consider the economic impact of the governmental regulation, the extent to which the regulation interferes with investment-backed expectations, and the character of the governmental action. It is characterized as a disorganized test.
Supreme Court jurisprudence
Pennsylvania Coal
In 1922, the Supreme Court held in Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon that governmental regulations that went "too far" were a taking. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, writing for the majority of the court, stated that "[t]he general rule at least is that while property may be regulated to a certain extent, if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking." Before the court, was a Pennsylvanian law that forbade all mining under inhabited land. The Court held this law to be a taking of the coal owned by the Pennsylvania Coal Company.
The early mining operations often removed so much of the underground coal that the mines became a hazard to the miners underground and to those residing on the surface. For this reason, the Pennsylvania legislature acted to limit the amount of material that could be removed from the mines below in order to leave sufficient underground support below. Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon involved an action by an individual landowner who sought to prevent a mining operation from violating this law, undermining his or her home. Under Pennsylvania law, the deed also conveyed the right to surface support to the coal company which could thus remove subsurface coal even if that caused subsidence. The coal companies argued in Pennsylvania Coal that they had acquired a right to mine the coal and the right to allow the surface to collapse because these rights had been purchased from the original landowners. The owner's deed conveyed the surface but in express terms reserved the right to remove all the coal. The state and the surface landowners argued that the right to cause surface collapse was not property. The deed provided that the grantee takes the premises with that risk and waives all claim for damages that may arise from mining out the coal. The coal company essentially owned a property right to mine as much as it wished. Over a dissent by Justice Brandeis, the court ruled that Pennsylvania's statute deprived the coal companies of the right to mine their coal.
The Holmes opinion is considered one of the most important opinions in the history of takings law.
Penn Central
The "polestar" of regulatory takings jurisprudence is Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City (1973). In Penn Central, the Court denied a takings claim brought by the owner of Grand Central Terminal following refusal of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission to approve plans for construction of 50-story office building over Grand Central Terminal. Penn Central contended that under the New York Historical Preservation Law, it was entitled to derive a net income from Grand Central Terminal, but the city's regulation had forced it into an indefinite deficit condition. The trial court agreed but its decision was reversed on appeal.
The U.S. Supreme Court held that: the owners could not establish a "taking" merely by showing that they had been denied the right to exploit the superadjacent airspace, irrespective of the remainder of the parcel; the fact that the law affected some owners more severely than others did not itself result in a "taking," and that the law did not interfere with owners' present use or prevent it from realizing a reasonable rate of return on its investment, especially since preexisting air rights were transferable to other parcels in the vicinity, which acted as a form of compensation for the claimed taking of air rights.
The court laid out a three-part ad hoc test to consider whether a regulatory taking had occurred:
the economic impact of the regulation on the claimant,
the extent to which the regulation has interfered with distinct investment-backed expectations and
the character of the governmental action.
These factors have been criticized because the court failed to provide guidance as to exactly what they mean, what must be proven to establish a taking using them as a test, and whether all three, two, or any one of them is sufficient to show a taking.
Investment-backed expectations factor
The investment-backed expectations factor has largely been unclear. In Connolly v. Pension Benefit Guarantee Corp., the Supreme Court stated that "those who do business in the regulated field cannot object if the legislative scheme is buttressed by subsequent amendments to achieve the legislative end." However, in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Justice Scalia's opinion for the majority of the court suggested that the expectations were on "how the owner's reasonable expectations have been shaped by the State's law of property."
Character of the governmental action
The character of the governmental action can immediately determine whether the regulation is a taking. For instance, a taking has occurred when a government regulation creates a permanent physical occupation of a landowner's property. This rule comes from Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp. which found that a New York law that required property owners to have cable television wires on their property was a taking which required just compensation.
Regulatory restriction on use of property
In contrast, a regulation restricting the use of property to further legitimate public ends, will not be considered a taking merely because it impairs the value or the utility of that land. However, when the regulation goes too far (as Justice Holmes put it in Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon), it will be judicially recognized as the equivalent of a taking which may not take place without payment of just compensation to the property's owner.
The issue of regulatory takings arises from the interaction between exercise of the traditional police power and exercise of eminent domain. The police power is the inherent state government power, to do what is reasonably necessary to promote and protect public health, safety, welfare and morals.
There are numerous instances where the Supreme Court of the United States has found that state courts have reasonably concluded that "the health, safety, morals, or general welfare" would be promoted by prohibiting particular contemplated uses of land. And in this context the Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld land-use regulations that adversely affected recognized real property interests.
Zoning laws are the classic example; see Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 239 U.S. 394 (1915) (prohibition of brickyard operations within certain neighborhoods); Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926) (prohibition of industrial use); Gorieb v. Fox, 274 U.S. 603, 608 (1927) (requirement that portions of parcels be left unbuilt); Welch v. Swasey, 214 U.S. 91 (1909) (height restriction), which have been viewed as permissible governmental action even when prohibiting the most beneficial use of the property.
However, zoning restrictions may not deny an owner all economically viable use of his land. Suppose a "low density residential" zone requires that a house have a setback (the distance from the edge of the property to the edge of the building) of no less than 100 feet (30 m). If a particular property were only 100 feet (30 m) deep, it would be impossible to build a house on the property.
Governmental land-use regulations that deny the property owner all economically viable use are deemed a taking of the affected property. See, e.g., Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003 (1992), First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles (1987). The general approach to this question was summed up in Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980), which states that the application of land-use regulations to a particular piece of property is a taking only "if the ordinance does not substantially advance legitimate state interests ... or denies an owner economically viable use of his land." However, in Lingle v. Chevron, 544 U.S. 528 (2005), the Supreme Court overruled the "substantially advance" criterion of a taking. When a government regulation effects a taking of private property by such excessive regulation, the owner may initiate inverse condemnation proceedings to recover the just compensation for the taking of his or her property, provided that procedural hurdles have been overcome.
In the early twenty-first century, the concept of regulatory taking became more loosely used—outside the constitutional sense—by property rights groups, extending to include regulations that reduce property values by lesser amounts. Ballot initiatives based on this interpretation (such as Oregon's Measure 37) were advanced in at least seven states in the years 2000 to 2006. All these states are in the American west, but a significant portion of the funding for the initiatives came from sources on the east coast.
Inverse condemnation
Inverse condemnation is a term which describes a claim brought against the government in which a property owner seeks compensation for a `taking' of his property under the Fifth Amendment. In states that prohibit uncompensated taking or damaging, physical damage to property is included in this definition. The term "inverse" is used, because usually condemnations are brought by the government. In the inverse condemnation context, it is the property owner who sues the government, alleging a taking (or damaging) of property without just compensation. See San Diego Gas & Electric Co. v. City of San Diego, 450 U.S. 621, 638 n.2 (1981) (Justice Brennan dissenting); United States v. Clarke, 445 U.S. 253, 257 (1980); Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255, 258 n.2 (1980).
Constitutional history
Legal tender cases
An early case involving interpretation of the Fifth Amendment was the Legal Tender Cases, 79 U.S. 457 (1870) During the American Civil War, the Legal Tender Acts of 1862 and 1863 made paper money a legal substitute for gold and silver, including for the payment of preexisting debts. In Hepburn v. Griswold, the Supreme Court had found the legal tender laws inconsistent with the spirit of the Constitution, which prohibited the states from passing "any ... law impairing the obligation of contracts." Moreover, the Court had held that an act compelling holders of contracts that called for payment in gold or silver to accept as legal tender "mere promises to pay dollars" was unconstitutional because it deprived "such persons of property without due process of law" under the Fifth Amendment. The Court until this time had rarely found an act of Congress unconstitutional. In 1871, the Court, with two new justices on the bench, reversed itself in the legal tender cases, Knox v. Lee and Parker v. Davis, and declared the Legal Tender Acts constitutional. The Fifth Amendment does not apply to injuries which flow from the exercise of lawful power, the court held, but only to direct appropriation of property.
The fifth amendment. ... forbids taking private property for public use without just compensation or due process of law. That provision has always been understood as referring only to a direct appropriation, and not to consequential injuries resulting from the exercise of lawful power. It has never been supposed to have any bearing upon, or to inhibit laws that indirectly work harm and loss to individuals. A new tariff, an embargo, a draft, or a war may inevitably bring upon individuals great losses; may, indeed, render valuable property almost valueless. They may destroy the worth of contracts. But whoever supposed that, because of this, a tariff could not be charged, or a non-intercourse act, or an embargo be enacted, or a war be declared?
Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution extended the protection against uncompensated takings to citizens against their own states. Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment states:
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Early on, the federal courts began the process of gradual incorporation of the bill of rights protections into the fourteenth amendment. The due process clause of the fourteenth amendment has historically been a major vehicle for the increased federal judicial review of the constitutionality of state activity. We find early justices of the Supreme Court puzzling over this, for example, in Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887):
It is not a little remarkable that, while this provision has been in the constitution of the United States as a restraint upon the authority of the federal government for nearly a century, and while during all that time the manner in which the powers of that government have been exercised has been watched with jealousy, and subjected to the most rigid criticism in all its branches, this special limitation upon its powers has rarely been invoked in the judicial forum or the more enlarged theater of public discussion. But while it has been a part of the constitution as a restraint upon the powers of the states only a very few years, the docket of this court is crowded with cases in which we are asked to hold that state courts and state legislatures have deprived their own citizens of life, liberty, and property without due process of law. There is here abundant evidence that there exists some strange misconception of the scope of the provision as found in the fourteenth amendment. In fact, it would seem from the character of many of the cases before us, and the arguments made in them, that the clause under consideration is looked upon as a means of bringing to the test of the decision of this court the abstract opinions of every unsuccessful litigant in a state court of justice of the decision against him, and of the merits of the legislation on which such a decision may be founded.
The Bituminous Coal Association case
Some 65 years later, the Court considered similar Pennsylvania legislation which required that some underground coal be left in place to provide surface support. In the Bituminous Coal case, the State's legislation received a more sympathetic hearing from the Court in Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n. v. DeBenedictis, 480 U.S. 470 (1987). The Court wrote:
... [T]he character of the governmental action involved here leans heavily against finding a taking; the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has acted to arrest what it perceives to be a significant threat to the common welfare. [t]here is no record in this case to support a finding, similar to the one the Court made in Pennsylvania Coal, that the Subsidence Act makes it impossible for petitioners to profitably engage in their business. ...
The Keystone decision is characterized by deference to the State's determination that its legislation promoted public health and safety:
Under our system of government, one of the State's primary ways of preserving the public weal is restricting the uses individuals can make of their property. While each of us is burdened somewhat by such restrictions, we, in turn, benefit greatly from the restrictions that are placed on others. These restrictions are "properly treated as part of the burden of common citizenship".
Notably, the Keystone decision bears four dissents: Justices Rehnquist, Powell, O'Connor and Scalia.
Health and safety takings
Suppose the government must cut a firebreak through a forest upon private property to prevent spread of a forest fire. Or suppose the government destroys healthy livestock in a quarantine area to prevent spread of disease. These are invasive takings, but they do not fall under the per se rule described in a previous section. From the very first, the takings cases recognized that `all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owner's use of it shall not be injurious to the community.' Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623, 665 (1887). The most straightforward example of this principle occurs when the government must condemn or destroy property to prevent spread of disease or other threat to the public health or safety. "Thus, in order to protect the health and safety of the community, government may condemn unsafe structures, may close unlawful business operations, may destroy infected trees, and surely may restrict access to hazardous areas – for example, land on which radioactive materials have been discharged, land in the path of a lava flow from an erupting volcano, or land in the path of a potentially life-threatening flood. When a governmental entity imposes these types of health and safety regulations, it may not be 'burdened with the condition that [it] must compensate such individual owners for pecuniary losses they may sustain, by reason of their not being permitted, by a noxious use of their property, to inflict injury upon the community.'"
Andrus v. Allard
In Andrus v. Allard, 444 U.S. 51 (1979), the Court found that the federal Eagle Protection Act could prohibit the sale of lawfully purchased eagle parts. The Court noted that the Act did not confiscate the owner's property, but rather regulated the terms of sale:
The regulations challenged here do not compel the surrender of the artifacts, and there is no physical invasion or restraint upon them. Rather, a significant restriction has been imposed on one means of disposing of the artifacts. But the denial of one traditional property right does not always amount to a taking. At least where an owner possesses a full "bundle" of property rights, the destruction of one "strand" of the bundle is not a taking, because the aggregate must be viewed in its entirety. [citations omitted]. In this case, it is crucial that appellees retain the rights to possess and transport their property, and to donate or devise the protected birds.
The fact that the statute barred the most profitable use of the property was not sufficient, the Court held:
It is, to be sure, undeniable that the regulations here prevent the most profitable use of appellees' property. Again, however, that is not dispositive. When we review regulation, a reduction in the value of property is not necessarily equated with a taking. Compare Goldblatt v. Hempstead, supra, at 594, and Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 239 U.S. 394 (1915), with Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, supra. In the instant case, it is not clear that appellees will be unable to derive economic benefit from the artifacts; for example, they might exhibit the artifacts for an admissions charge. At any rate, loss of future profits – unaccompanied by any physical property restriction – provides a slender reed upon which to rest a takings claim. Prediction of profitability is essentially a matter of reasoned speculation that courts are not especially competent to perform. Further, perhaps because of its very uncertainty, the interest in anticipated gains has traditionally been viewed as less compelling than other property-related interests. Cf., e. g., Fuller & Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages (pt. 1), 46 Yale L. J. 52 (1936).
Agins
One year after the eagle feather decision in Andrus, the Court decided Agins v. Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980). In Agins the Court stated that the application of land-use regulations to a particular piece of property is a taking when it denies the land's owner reasonable, viable use of it, or "if the ordinance does not substantially advance legitimate state interests ... or denies an owner economically viable use of his land." After landowners had acquired of unimproved land in a city for residential development, the city was required by California law to prepare a general plan governing land use and the development of open-space land. In response, the city adopted zoning ordinances that placed the owners' property in a zone in which property may be devoted to one-family dwellings, accessory buildings, and open-space uses, with density restrictions permitting appellants to build between one and five single-family residences on their tract. The city expressed its intention to acquire the Agins parcel for open space, and actually commenced condemnation proceedings to take title to it. Later, the city abandoned the condemnation, and adopted the ordinance in issue. Without having sought approval for development of their tract under the ordinances, appellants brought suit against the city in state court, alleging that the city had taken their property without just compensation in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. The California Supreme Court departed from long-standing California precedent and held that monetary compensation was not available in regulatory taking cases which the court refused to recognize. That holding was eventually overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court a few years later in First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles, 482 U.S. 304 (1987).
The U.S. Supreme Court held:
The application of a general zoning law to particular property effects a taking if the ordinance does not substantially advance legitimate state interests, see Nectow v. Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183, 188 (1928), or denies an owner economically viable use of his land, see Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 138, n. 36 (1978). The determination that governmental action constitutes a taking is, in essence, a determination that the public at large, rather than a single owner, must bear the burden of an exercise of state power in the public interest. Although no precise rule determines when property has been taken, see Kaiser Aetna v. United States, 444 U.S. 164 (1979), the question necessarily requires a weighing of private and public interests. In this case, the law confers a reciprocal benefit: it benefits all landowners, serving the city's interest in assuring careful and orderly development of residential property with provision for open-space areas.
It took Bonnie Agins 30 years of litigation and administrative proceedings before she was permitted to build three houses on her parcel.
Note that the "substantially advance" element of Agins, was later overruled in the Lingle v. Chevron case, where the court explained that its Agins opinion was mistaken on that point and that the "substantially advance" element was appropriate in substantive due process cases, not taking ones.
Loretto decision
In Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 U.S. 419 (1982), the Supreme Court ruled that a regulation is generally considered a per se taking when it forces land owners to endure a permanent physical occupation on their land, such as the permanent physical presence of cable lines on a residential building. The Court held that any permanent physical presence destroyed the property owner's right to exclude, long recognized as one of the key rights in the "bundle of rights" commonly characterized as property. The Court considered a New York statute which required landlords to install CATV cable facilities on the roof of their buildings; the facilities were part of a citywide cable network designed to bring cable services to the entire city. The landlords were required to provide a location for of cable one-half inch in diameter and two metal boxes at a one-time charge determined by the Cable Commission at $1. The City argued that the Court should apply a balancing test—that the invasion of property was minimal in comparison to the community wide benefit. But the Court's decision suggested that there was a per se rule requiring compensation in cases of this kind. In short, when the "character of the governmental action, is a permanent physical occupation of property, our cases uniformly have found a taking to the extent of the occupation, without regard to whether the action achieves an important public benefit or has only minimal economic impact on the owner."
The dissent in Loretto pointed out that there are circumstances wherein the government may require installation of devices without compensation: "...the States traditionally – and constitutionally – have exercised their police power "to require landlords to ... provide utility connections, mailboxes, smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, and the like in the common area of a building." These provisions merely ensure tenants access to services the legislature deems important, such as water, electricity, natural light, telephones, inter-communication systems, and mail service. The majority opinion distinguished such requirements because they "do not require the landlord to suffer the physical occupation of a portion of his building by a third party."
Bayview Homes
In 1985, the Supreme Court applied its regulatory takings analysis to the Clean Water Act, which prohibits any discharge of dredged or fill materials into "navigable waters"—defined as the "waters of the United States"—unless authorized by a permit issued by the United States Army Corps of Engineers ("Corps"). United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc., 474 U.S. 121. The Corps issued regulations construing the Act to cover all "freshwater wetlands" that are adjacent to other covered waters. These regulations defined the adjacent wetlands as "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions." Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc., began placing fill materials on its property near the shores of Lake St. Clair, Michigan. A Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the Corps' interpretation, and suggested that the regulation would create a taking without just compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment.
In its decision, the Supreme Court held that in order to be within the regulatory authority of the United States, these semi-aquatic characteristics would have to be the result of frequent flooding by the nearby navigable waters. But the Supreme Court rejected the attempt to narrow the Corps of Engineer's regulatory reach. Perhaps some particular properties might in individual cases be so adversely impacted that a taking might be found. But this would not justify overturning the regulation itself. "Governmental land-use regulation may under extreme circumstances amount to a 'taking' of the affected property. See, e.g., Williamson County Regional Planning Comm'n v. Hamilton Bank, 473 U.S. 172, 105 S.Ct. 3108, 87 L.Ed.2d 126 (1985); Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104, 98 S.Ct. 2646, 57 L.Ed.2d 631 (1978). But mere assertion of regulatory jurisdiction by a governmental body does not constitute a regulatory taking. See Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, 452 U.S. 264 (1981). A requirement that a person obtain a permit before engaging in a certain use of his or her property does not itself "take" the property in any sense: after all, the very existence of a permit system implies that permission may be granted, leaving the landowner free to use the property as desired. Moreover, even if the permit is denied, there may be other viable uses available to the owner. "[e]quitable relief is not available to enjoin an alleged taking of private property for a public use, duly authorized by law, when a suit for compensation can be brought against the sovereign subsequent to a taking." Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co., 467 U.S. 986 (1984) This maxim rests on the principle that so long as compensation is available for those whose property is in fact taken, the governmental action is not unconstitutional.
Hodel v. Irving
Less than a decade after the Andrus decision, the Court found there to be a taking when the government took only a single strand of the bundle of property – the right to pass property to one's heirs. On Indian reservations, property belonging to Native Americans was often fractionated, meaning that with each generation a parcel's ownership could be divided up between more and more heirs, making it extremely difficult to put the property to economic use. To solve this problem, Congress passed the Indian Lands Consolidation Act, stopping interests in land constituting less than 2% of the total ownership from being further divided up through a will or by intestate succession (property that passes without a will upon the death of the owner). Instead such interests would become property of the tribes. In Hodel v. Irving, 481 U.S. 704 (1987), the Supreme Court held that a "complete abolition of both the descent and devise of a particular class of property may be a taking." It found that even though only a single strand of the property was affected, it was nevertheless an uncompensated taking that violated the Fifth Amendment. There was some disagreement among the concurring justices whether this decision affected Andrus, with Justices Rehnquist, Scalia and Powell finding it limited Andrus to its facts, while Justices Brennan, Marshall and Stevens opined that Andrus was unaffected. In 1997, the Court found a successor statute similarly unconstitutional as an uncompensated taking in Youpee v. Babbit, 519 U.S. 234 (1997).
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
In the Penn Central case, the Supreme Court had described a three-prong balancing test, which required a case-by-case analysis to determine if there had been a regulatory taking. This meant that it was difficult to predict whether a particular regulation merited compensation. Might there be situations in which there should be a "per se" rule requiring compensation? In Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a State regulation that deprives a property owner of all economically beneficial use of that property can be a taking. Lucas had purchased two residential lots on a South Carolina barrier island, intending to build single-family homes such as those on the immediately adjacent parcels. At that time, Lucas's lots were not subject to the State's coastal zone building permit requirements. In 1988, however, the state legislature enacted the Beachfront Management Act, which barred Lucas from erecting any permanent habitable structures on his parcels. He filed suit against respondent state agency, contending that, even though the Act may have been a lawful exercise of the State's police power, the ban on construction deprived him of all "economically viable use" of his property and therefore effected a "taking" under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments that required the payment of just compensation. The court further clarified, however, that a regulation is not a taking if it is consistent with "restrictions that background principles of the State's law of property and nuisance already placed upon ownership." As an example of "background principles," the court referred to the right of government to prevent flooding of others' property. The Court noted:
A review of the relevant decisions demonstrates that the "harmful or noxious use" principle was merely this Court's early formulation of the police power justification necessary to sustain (without compensation) any regulatory diminution in value; that the distinction between regulation that "prevents harmful use" and that which "confers benefits" is difficult, if not impossible, to discern on an objective, value-free basis; and that, therefore, noxious-use logic cannot be the basis for departing from this Court's categorical rule that total regulatory takings must be compensated. ... Although it seems unlikely that common-law principles would have prevented the erection of any habitable or productive improvements on Lucas's land, this state-law question must be dealt with on remand. To win its case, respondent cannot simply proffer the legislature's declaration that the uses Lucas desires are inconsistent with the public interest, or the conclusory assertion that they violate a common-law maxim such as sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas, but must identify background principles of nuisance and property law that prohibit the uses Lucas now intends in the property's present circumstances.
Lucas was remanded to the South Carolina Supreme Court which in turn remanded it to the trial court for a valuation trial. However, the case settled when the state bought Lucas' property, and later resold it to a developer.
Palazzolo
On June 28, 2001, the Court issued its opinion in Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, 533 U.S. 606 (2001). Palazzolo addressed two issues: When is a takings claim ripe? When does notice of a preexisting regulation destroy the right to challenge the application of that regulation? For forty years, the plaintiff's corporation owned a valuable parcel of property in the town of Westerly, Rhode Island. The property consisted of roughly eighteen acres of wetlands and a small indeterminate amount of uplands. The land was divided into seventy-four parcels in two subdivision map filings that occurred in 1936 and 1959. Like the neighboring homes, the only way to develop Mr. Palazzolo's land is to raise the grade with fill.
In 1971, the Rhode Island Legislature authorized the Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) to regulate the filling of coastal wetlands. The CRMC promulgated regulations requiring that any filling of coastal salt marsh, such as that found on the plaintiff's property, meet certain public interest requirements. CRMC had ruled that private housing does not meet this public interest requirement. Prior to the adoption of this regulatory regime, the plaintiff applied twice to utilize the property but each time the State withdrew its approval, and the plaintiff did not appeal.
As a preliminary issue the Supreme Court addressed the question whether Palazzolo's case was "ripe" for review by the Courts. The central question, the Court found, was whether the plaintiff had obtained a final decision from the Council determining the permitted use for the land. A number of previous cases had established "the important principle that a landowner may not establish a taking before a land-use authority has the opportunity, using its own reasonable procedures, to decide and explain the reach of a challenged regulation:A final decision does not occur until the responsible agency determines the extent of permitted development on the land. MacDonald, Sommer & Frates v. Yolo County, 477 U.S. 340, 351. But the landowner
On the question of whether the plaintiff could proceed with a taking claim after he acquired the property in his personal capacity from his corporation after the regulations were already in place, the Court held that he could. As Justice Kennedy, writing for the majority said, Were the Court to accept that rule, the postenactment transfer of title would absolve the State of its obligation to defend any action restricting land use, no matter how extreme or unreasonable. A State would be allowed, in effect, to put an expiration date on the Takings Clause. This ought not to be the rule. Future generations, too, have a right to challenge unreasonable limitations on the use and value of land.
Exactions
Land-use exactions and permit conditions are governed by the Nollan-Dolan rule. In Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, the Supreme Court adopted a test to determine when an exaction is a taking: the municipality "must demonstrate an 'essential nexus' between a harm identified with the proposed development and the required exaction." In Dolan, the Court clarified that there had to be a rough proportionality between the exaction and the impact of the proposed development. It has been suggested by scholars that in exaction cases, the government gives the regulation heightened scrutiny akin to rational basis with bite.
Nollan
In Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, the Court reviewed a regulation under which the California Coastal Commission demanded a lateral public easement across the plaintiffs' beachfront lot in exchange for a permit to demolish an existing bungalow and replace it with a three-bedroom two-story house. The public easement was designed to connect two public beaches that were separated by property belonging to the plaintiffs and their neighbors. The Coastal Commission had asserted that the public easement condition was imposed to promote the legitimate state interest of diminishing the "blockage of the view of the ocean" caused by construction of the larger house. The Court observed that requiring a dedication of private property in exchange for a building permit was "an out-and-out plan of extortion" unless it could be shown that the private development imposed a burden on public facilities or resources, and the dedication would mitigate such impact. This became known as the "essential nexus" between a legitimate state interest and the permit condition.
Dolan
In Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994) the Court evaluated further the degree of the connection required between permit conditions and impacts caused by a development. In that case, a business owner sought to expand a plumbing supply store on property adjacent to a floodplain and sought to pave more parking spaces for the store. The City of Tigard, Oregon, conditioned the building on the owner creating a public greenway and building a bike path on the land. The City justified the conditions as necessary to prevent flooding and traffic congestion. The Supreme Court ruled that the city's requirement would be a taking if the City did not show that there was a reasonable relationship between the creation of the greenway and bike path and the impact of the development. Moreover, such an exaction had to be roughly proportional to the impact. "Without question, had the city simply required petitioner to dedicate a strip of land along Fanno Creek for public use, rather than conditioning the grant of her permit to redevelop her property on such a dedication, a taking would have occurred," the Court held. "Such public access would deprive petitioner of the right to exclude others, "one of the most essential sticks in the bundle of rights that are commonly characterized as property."
Koontz v. St. Johns Water Management District
The Nollan and Dolan cases had previously held that permit exactions had to have an essential nexus and be roughly proportional to impacts caused by the permitted development. Both cases involved the dedication of land – an easement in Nollan and a public easement and bicycle path in Dolan. Left unanswered was the question whether an exaction demand of money was subject to the nexus and proportionality tests. In Koontz v. St. Johns Water Management District, The plaintiff sought permission to build a 3.7 acre shopping center on 14.9 acres of property, much of which was wetlands. The Water District agreed to provide the permit so long as Koontz dedicate 11 acres and spend money fixing up the drainage on district property several miles away. Koontz sued, not over the dedication of the land but over the requirement that he spend money on district property. The Supreme Court of Florida held that the holdings of Nollan and Dolan did not apply because they involved exaction demands for land, as opposed to money. The Supreme Court reversed, finding that the cases were concerned about demands for property and that because money is a form of property, a monetary exaction is subject to those tests.
Regulatory taking themes
Permit exhaustion
One precondition of a regulatory takings claim is that the claimant must obtain a final decision by the regulating entity as to what uses will be permitted. The Supreme Court's decisions make it clear that the mere assertion of regulatory jurisdiction by a governmental body does not constitute a regulatory taking. See Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn., 452 U.S. 264, 293–297(1981).
In Palazzolo, the Court held that the case was ripe because Palazzolo had applied for multiple permits and it was clear what could or could not be done with the property.
Per se takings
The United States Supreme Court has established a number of tests under which a state regulation constitutes a taking per se. These are physical invasion (as in Loretto Teleprompter), denial of all economically viable private property uses (as in Lucas), or requiring the owners to dedicate some of their property to the government without a justifying reason for so doing (as in Nollan, Dolan and Koontz). For example, when the owners' proposed land use will result in a significant increase in traffic they may be required to dedicate a strip of their land to improve an adjacent road.
But when an action does not fall into a category addressed by one of these tests, the Court relies primarily on an ad hoc inquiry into the specifics of such individual case. This test was established in Penn Central v. City of New York, which described the most relevant factors to be the owners investment-backed expectations, the economic impact of the regulation, and the character of the government action. This approach has been the subject of much criticism because of its unpredictability.
The denominator problem
In Penn Central, the Supreme Court ruled that takings law does not divide property into discrete segments. Thus, the property interest in question during a taking case is the whole parcel of land and not a discrete sliver of it. This gave rise to the question of what is the "denominator" of the ownership fraction; i.e., what is the larger ownership whose part is being subjected to confiscatory regulation, since the regulatory taking of a part of it (the "numerator") is not compensable.
In Murr v. Wisconsin, 137 S. Ct. 1933 (2017), the Court held that denominator is best assessed through a multi-factor balancing test that includes such factors as "the treatment of the land, in particular how it is bounded or divided, under state and local law," the "physical characteristics of the landowner’s property," and "the value of the property under the challenged regulation."
The policy underlying the whole parcel rule is that it is "essential to an interpretation of the takings clause that leaves any room for public planning and regulation of land uses."
The role of public interest advocacy in regulatory takings cases
The development of regulatory takings jurisprudence is notable for the contribution made by public interest advocates from both the conservationist and property rights advocacy camps. One of the more prominent advocates on behalf of property rights has been the Pacific Legal Foundation, which represented the landowners in Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Authority, Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, Koontz v. St. Johns Water Management District, and Murr v. Wisconsin. Another non-profit, Oregonians in Action, represented Mrs. Dolan in her battle with the City of Tigard. Likewise, Mountain States Legal Foundation represented the landowner in Brandt v. United States, a case where a railroad-right-of-way had been taken by the federal government. On the other side of the debate, the State of Hawaii was represented by Vermont Law School Professor John Echeverria in Lingle v. Chevron, and who has worked with the Audubon Society and Community Rights Council. Both the property rights advocacy organizations and many conservation-oriented organizations have submitted numerous amicus briefs in virtually all the major regulatory takings cases at the Supreme Court as well as in a number of appellate courts. While the property rights advocacy organizations generally argue for greater protections for property rights, and compensation when those rights are taken, the conservation-oriented entities argue that government owes no compensation when it regulates to promote public health, safety and conservation values.
Notes
References
Epstein, Richard A. (1985). Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, .
Eagle, Steven J. (2005). Regulatory Takings. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis, .
Frieden, Bernard, The Environmental Protection Hustle (1979 MIT Press).
Kanner, Gideon, Making Laws and Sausages: A Quarter-Century Retrospective on Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 13 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 653 (2005).
Meltz, Robert, Merriam, Dwight H., and Frank, Richard M. (1999). The Takings Issue: Constitutional Limits on Land Use Control and Environmental Regulation. Washington, D.C. & Covelo, California: Island Press, .
External links
Property (Casebook) ().
Reason magazine article from 1995, concerning political strategies for passing takings initiatives
American legal terminology
Property law in the United States |
Kūh-Zibad () its peak also called Tir Mahi is a mountain in the province of Razavi Khorasan, city of Gonabad District Zibad in the eastern part of the country, 700 km east of the capital Tehran. The Peak of the Moantain is called Qole -e Tir Mahi is above sea level, or above the surrounding terrain . The width at the base is 5.5 km.
The terrain around the Qole-e Tir Mahi and Kuh-e zibad is mainly hilly. The highest point in the vicinity is 2775 meters above sea level, 17.7 km southeast of Qole-e Tir mahi. Around Kuh-e Zibad is very sparsely populated, with 5 inhabitants per square kilometer. Nearest society zibad, 8.5 km north of Kuh-e Zibad. The neighborhood around Kuh-e Zibad is barren with little or vegetation. In the neighborhood around the Kuh-e Zibad are unusually many named mountains and valleys.
A cold steppe climate prevailing in the region. The average annual temperature in the area is 17 °C. The warmest month is July when the average temperature is 30 °C, and the coldest is January, with 1 °C. Average annual rainfall is . The rainiest month is February, with an average of of precipitation, and the driest is July, with 1 mm of precipitation.
This mountain had been referred in some historical book such as shahnameh in Davazdah Rokhwar as the Zibad mountain and its eastern part is called black mountain or kuh Gonabad. The long mountain range is called Qohestan and it extends from Bajestan to Birjand near the border with Afghanistan. This mountain range separates south khorasan from Razavi Khorasan, part of this mountain range near Kakhk is called black mountain or kuh e gonabad.
See also
Zibad Castle
Zibad
Davazdah Rokh
Bajestan
Ferdous
Birjand
Sources
Article in Persian language. Parssea magazine,2011
Geography and tribe and minority in khorasan,Mohammad Ajam, research published 1992, university of Imam Sadegh,Tehran.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20140429163019/http://amordadnews.com/neveshtehNamyesh.aspx?NId=6010
Gallery
Populated places in Gonabad County
Tourist attractions in Razavi Khorasan Province |
67 Special are an Australian rock band based in Melbourne, Australia. The band was formed in 2001, and went on to release two full-length albums.
History
In 1994, Ash Santilla and Gavin Campbell met at high school in their hometown of Benalla, Victoria, and became good friends sharing their passion for rock music. Their first band was called Naybious, named after Gavin's sister Lauren's one-eyed doll.
Lead vocalist Santilla and lead guitarist Campbell met multi-instrumentalist Louis Macklin at a school camp, and he became the band's keyboardist and percussionist. Progress of the band stalled for some time, until 2001 when Santilla and Campbell found each other again in Melbourne and began writing again. Soon, drummer Ben Dexter joined after coming to know the group through his brother, and bass guitarist Bryan Dochstader joined the group after noticing the group unloading gear in a supermarket car-park and asking them, "Do you guys need a bass player?"
The band couldn't decide on a name for several months until Dexter rang Santilla and asked him, "What's the model of your car?" "HR," Santilla replied. "What year?" "'67." "67 Special?" "Yeah."
67 Special signed with Festival Mushroom Records released the "Hey There Bomb" in 2004. The song peaked at number 100 on the ARIA Charts. Their debut album The World Can Wait was released in August 2005.
The second studio album was released by Warner Music Australia in 2007.
Personnel
Ash Santilla – lead vocals, guitar
Gavin Campbell – lead guitar
Bryan Dochstader – bass guitar, vocals
Ben Dexter – drums
Louis Macklin – keyboards, percussion
Discography
Albums
Singles
Footnotes
References
External links
67Special.com Official band website (requires Macromedia Flash plugin)
Myspace site
Sydney Morning Herald interview with Ash
The Dwarf's 67Special Content
Australian Music Online
Undercover.com.au Undercover's video interview with 67 Special from 11 October 2004 (requires either Windows Media Player or RealPlayer plugins)
AccessAllAreas.net.au Access All Areas' interview with 67 Special from mid-2005 (scroll down a bit)
ReachOut.com.au 'Clued-Up' Interview with drummer Ben Dexter in mid-2005.
Album Review Xdafied.com.au
Mushroom Music Publishing
Australian rock music groups |
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* @param {string} mime mime type
* @param {string} type "dir" or "file"
* @param {number} permissions permissions
*
* @return {OCA.Files.FileActions~actionSpec} action spec
* @since 8.2
*/
getDefaultFileAction: function(mime, type, permissions) {
var mimePart;
if (mime) {
mimePart = mime.substr(0, mime.indexOf('/'));
}
var name = false;
if (mime && this.defaults[mime]) {
name = this.defaults[mime];
} else if (mime && this.defaults[mimePart]) {
name = this.defaults[mimePart];
} else if (type && this.defaults[type]) {
name = this.defaults[type];
} else {
name = this.defaults.all;
}
var actions = this.getActions(mime, type, permissions);
return actions[name];
},
/**
* Default function to render actions
*
* @param {OCA.Files.FileAction} actionSpec file action spec
* @param {boolean} isDefault true if the action is a default one,
* false otherwise
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context action context
*/
_defaultRenderAction: function(actionSpec, isDefault, context) {
if (!isDefault) {
var params = {
name: actionSpec.name,
nameLowerCase: actionSpec.name.toLowerCase(),
displayName: actionSpec.displayName,
icon: actionSpec.icon,
iconClass: actionSpec.iconClass,
altText: actionSpec.altText,
hasDisplayName: !!actionSpec.displayName
};
if (_.isFunction(actionSpec.icon)) {
params.icon = actionSpec.icon(context.$file.attr('data-file'), context);
}
if (_.isFunction(actionSpec.iconClass)) {
params.iconClass = actionSpec.iconClass(context.$file.attr('data-file'), context);
}
var $actionLink = this._makeActionLink(params, context);
context.$file.find('a.name>span.fileactions').append($actionLink);
$actionLink.addClass('permanent');
return $actionLink;
}
},
/**
* Renders the action link element
*
* @param {Object} params action params
*/
_makeActionLink: function(params) {
return $(OCA.Files.Templates['file_action_trigger'](params));
},
/**
* Displays the file actions dropdown menu
*
* @param {string} fileName file name
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context rendering context
*/
_showMenu: function(fileName, context) {
var menu;
var $trigger = context.$file.closest('tr').find('.fileactions .action-menu');
$trigger.addClass('open');
$trigger.attr('aria-expanded', 'true');
menu = new OCA.Files.FileActionsMenu();
context.$file.find('td.filename').append(menu.$el);
menu.$el.on('afterHide', function() {
context.$file.removeClass('mouseOver');
$trigger.removeClass('open');
$trigger.attr('aria-expanded', 'false');
menu.remove();
});
context.$file.addClass('mouseOver');
menu.show(context);
},
/**
* Renders the menu trigger on the given file list row
*
* @param {Object} $tr file list row element
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context rendering context
*/
_renderMenuTrigger: function($tr, context) {
// remove previous
$tr.find('.action-menu').remove();
var $el = this._renderInlineAction({
name: 'menu',
displayName: '',
iconClass: 'icon-more',
altText: t('files', 'Actions'),
action: this._showMenuClosure
}, false, context);
$el.addClass('permanent');
$el.attr('aria-expanded', 'false');
},
/**
* Renders the action element by calling actionSpec.render() and
* registers the click event to process the action.
*
* @param {OCA.Files.FileAction} actionSpec file action to render
* @param {boolean} isDefault true if the action is a default action,
* false otherwise
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context rendering context
*/
_renderInlineAction: function(actionSpec, isDefault, context) {
if (actionSpec.shouldRender) {
if (!actionSpec.shouldRender(context)) {
return;
}
}
var renderFunc = actionSpec.render || _.bind(this._defaultRenderAction, this);
var $actionEl = renderFunc(actionSpec, isDefault, context);
if (!$actionEl || !$actionEl.length) {
return;
}
$actionEl.on(
'click', {
a: null
},
function(event) {
event.stopPropagation();
event.preventDefault();
if ($actionEl.hasClass('open')) {
return;
}
var $file = $(event.target).closest('tr');
if ($file.hasClass('busy')) {
return;
}
var currentFile = $file.find('td.filename');
var fileName = $file.attr('data-file');
context.fileActions.currentFile = currentFile;
var callContext = _.extend({}, context);
if (!context.dir && context.fileList) {
callContext.dir = $file.attr('data-path') || context.fileList.getCurrentDirectory();
}
if (!context.fileInfoModel && context.fileList) {
callContext.fileInfoModel = context.fileList.getModelForFile(fileName);
if (!callContext.fileInfoModel) {
console.warn('No file info model found for file "' + fileName + '"');
}
}
actionSpec.action(
fileName,
callContext
);
}
);
return $actionEl;
},
/**
* Trigger the given action on the given file.
*
* @param {string} actionName action name
* @param {OCA.Files.FileInfoModel} fileInfoModel file info model
* @param {OCA.Files.FileList} [fileList] file list, for compatibility with older action handlers [DEPRECATED]
*
* @return {boolean} true if the action handler was called, false otherwise
*
* @since 8.2
*/
triggerAction: function(actionName, fileInfoModel, fileList) {
var actionFunc;
var actions = this.get(
fileInfoModel.get('mimetype'),
fileInfoModel.isDirectory() ? 'dir' : 'file',
fileInfoModel.get('permissions'),
fileInfoModel.get('name')
);
if (actionName) {
actionFunc = actions[actionName];
} else {
actionFunc = this.getDefault(
fileInfoModel.get('mimetype'),
fileInfoModel.isDirectory() ? 'dir' : 'file',
fileInfoModel.get('permissions')
);
}
if (!actionFunc) {
actionFunc = actions['Download'];
}
if (!actionFunc) {
return false;
}
var context = {
fileActions: this,
fileInfoModel: fileInfoModel,
dir: fileInfoModel.get('path')
};
var fileName = fileInfoModel.get('name');
this.currentFile = fileName;
if (fileList) {
// compatibility with action handlers that expect these
context.fileList = fileList;
context.$file = fileList.findFileEl(fileName);
}
actionFunc(fileName, context);
},
/**
* Display file actions for the given element
* @param parent "td" element of the file for which to display actions
* @param triggerEvent if true, triggers the fileActionsReady on the file
* list afterwards (false by default)
* @param fileList OCA.Files.FileList instance on which the action is
* done, defaults to OCA.Files.App.fileList
*/
display: function (parent, triggerEvent, fileList) {
if (!fileList) {
console.warn('FileActions.display() MUST be called with a OCA.Files.FileList instance');
return;
}
this.currentFile = parent;
var self = this;
var $tr = parent.closest('tr');
var actions = this.getActions(
this.getCurrentMimeType(),
this.getCurrentType(),
this.getCurrentPermissions(),
this.getCurrentFile()
);
var nameLinks;
if ($tr.data('renaming')) {
return;
}
// recreate fileactions container
nameLinks = parent.children('a.name');
nameLinks.find('.fileactions, .nametext .action').remove();
nameLinks.append('<span class="fileactions"></span>');
var defaultAction = this.getDefaultFileAction(
this.getCurrentMimeType(),
this.getCurrentType(),
this.getCurrentPermissions()
);
var context = {
$file: $tr,
fileActions: this,
fileList: fileList
};
$.each(actions, function (name, actionSpec) {
if (actionSpec.type === FileActions.TYPE_INLINE) {
self._renderInlineAction(
actionSpec,
defaultAction && actionSpec.name === defaultAction.name,
context
);
}
});
function objectValues(obj) {
var res = [];
for (var i in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
res.push(obj[i]);
}
}
return res;
}
// polyfill
if (!Object.values) {
Object.values = objectValues;
}
var menuActions = Object.values(actions).filter(function (action) {
return action.type !== OCA.Files.FileActions.TYPE_INLINE && (!defaultAction || action.name !== defaultAction.name)
});
// do not render the menu if nothing is in it
if (menuActions.length > 0) {
this._renderMenuTrigger($tr, context);
}
if (triggerEvent){
fileList.$fileList.trigger(jQuery.Event("fileActionsReady", {fileList: fileList, $files: $tr}));
}
},
getCurrentFile: function () {
return this.currentFile.parent().attr('data-file');
},
getCurrentMimeType: function () {
return this.currentFile.parent().attr('data-mime');
},
getCurrentType: function () {
return this.currentFile.parent().attr('data-type');
},
getCurrentPermissions: function () {
return this.currentFile.parent().data('permissions');
},
/**
* Register the actions that are used by default for the files app.
*/
registerDefaultActions: function() {
this.registerAction({
name: 'Download',
displayName: t('files', 'Download'),
order: -20,
mime: 'all',
permissions: OC.PERMISSION_READ,
iconClass: 'icon-download',
actionHandler: function (filename, context) {
var dir = context.dir || context.fileList.getCurrentDirectory();
var isDir = context.$file.attr('data-type') === 'dir';
var url = context.fileList.getDownloadUrl(filename, dir, isDir);
var downloadFileaction = $(context.$file).find('.fileactions .action-download');
// don't allow a second click on the download action
if(downloadFileaction.hasClass('disabled')) {
return;
}
if (url) {
var disableLoadingState = function() {
context.fileList.showFileBusyState(filename, false);
};
context.fileList.showFileBusyState(filename, true);
OCA.Files.Files.handleDownload(url, disableLoadingState);
}
}
});
this.registerAction({
name: 'Rename',
displayName: t('files', 'Rename'),
mime: 'all',
order: -30,
permissions: OC.PERMISSION_UPDATE,
iconClass: 'icon-rename',
actionHandler: function (filename, context) {
context.fileList.rename(filename);
}
});
this.registerAction({
name: 'MoveCopy',
displayName: function(context) {
var permissions = context.fileInfoModel.attributes.permissions;
if (permissions & OC.PERMISSION_UPDATE) {
if (!context.fileInfoModel.canDownload()) {
return t('files', 'Move');
}
return t('files', 'Move or copy');
}
return t('files', 'Copy');
},
mime: 'all',
order: -25,
permissions: $('#isPublic').val() ? OC.PERMISSION_UPDATE : OC.PERMISSION_READ,
iconClass: 'icon-external',
actionHandler: function (filename, context) {
var permissions = context.fileInfoModel.attributes.permissions;
var actions = OC.dialogs.FILEPICKER_TYPE_COPY;
if (permissions & OC.PERMISSION_UPDATE) {
if (!context.fileInfoModel.canDownload()) {
actions = OC.dialogs.FILEPICKER_TYPE_MOVE;
} else {
actions = OC.dialogs.FILEPICKER_TYPE_COPY_MOVE;
}
}
var dialogDir = context.dir;
if (typeof context.fileList.dirInfo.dirLastCopiedTo !== 'undefined') {
dialogDir = context.fileList.dirInfo.dirLastCopiedTo;
}
OC.dialogs.filepicker(t('files', 'Choose target folder'), function(targetPath, type) {
if (type === OC.dialogs.FILEPICKER_TYPE_COPY) {
context.fileList.copy(filename, targetPath, false, context.dir);
}
if (type === OC.dialogs.FILEPICKER_TYPE_MOVE) {
context.fileList.move(filename, targetPath, false, context.dir);
}
context.fileList.dirInfo.dirLastCopiedTo = targetPath;
}, false, "httpd/unix-directory", true, actions, dialogDir);
}
});
if (Boolean(OC.appswebroots.files_reminders) && Boolean(OC.appswebroots.notifications)) {
this.registerAction({
name: 'SetReminder',
displayName: function(_context) {
return t('files', 'Set reminder');
},
mime: 'all',
order: -24,
icon: function(_filename, _context) {
return OC.imagePath('files_reminders', 'alarm.svg')
},
permissions: $('#isPublic').val() ? null : OC.PERMISSION_READ,
actionHandler: function(_filename, _context) {},
});
}
if (!/Android|iPhone|iPad|iPod/i.test(navigator.userAgent) && !!window.oc_current_user) {
this.registerAction({
name: 'EditLocally',
displayName: function(context) {
var locked = context.$file.data('locked');
if (!locked) {
return t('files', 'Edit locally');
}
},
mime: 'all',
order: -23,
icon: function(filename, context) {
var locked = context.$file.data('locked');
if (!locked) {
return OC.imagePath('files', 'computer.svg')
}
},
permissions: OC.PERMISSION_UPDATE,
actionHandler: function (filename, context) {
var dir = context.dir || context.fileList.getCurrentDirectory();
var path = dir === '/' ? dir + filename : dir + '/' + filename;
context.fileList.openLocalClient(path);
},
});
}
this.registerAction({
name: 'Open',
mime: 'dir',
permissions: OC.PERMISSION_READ,
icon: '',
actionHandler: function (filename, context) {
let dir, id
if (context.$file) {
dir = context.$file.attr('data-path')
id = context.$file.attr('data-id')
} else {
dir = context.fileList.getCurrentDirectory()
id = context.fileId
}
if (OCA.Files.App && OCA.Files.App.getActiveView() !== 'files') {
OCA.Files.App.setActiveView('files', {silent: true});
OCA.Files.App.fileList.changeDirectory(OC.joinPaths(dir, filename), true, true);
} else {
context.fileList.changeDirectory(OC.joinPaths(dir, filename), true, false, parseInt(id, 10));
}
},
displayName: t('files', 'Open')
});
this.registerAction({
name: 'Delete',
displayName: function(context) {
var mountType = context.$file.attr('data-mounttype');
var type = context.$file.attr('data-type');
var deleteTitle = (type && type === 'file')
? t('files', 'Delete file')
: t('files', 'Delete folder')
if (mountType === 'external-root') {
deleteTitle = t('files', 'Disconnect storage');
} else if (mountType === 'shared-root') {
deleteTitle = t('files', 'Leave this share');
}
return deleteTitle;
},
mime: 'all',
order: 1000,
// permission is READ because we show a hint instead if there is no permission
permissions: OC.PERMISSION_DELETE,
iconClass: 'icon-delete',
actionHandler: function(fileName, context) {
// if there is no permission to delete do nothing
if((context.$file.data('permissions') & OC.PERMISSION_DELETE) === 0) {
return;
}
context.fileList.do_delete(fileName, context.dir);
$('.tipsy').remove();
// close sidebar on delete
const path = context.dir + '/' + fileName
if (OCA.Files.Sidebar && OCA.Files.Sidebar.file === path) {
OCA.Files.Sidebar.close()
}
}
});
this.setDefault('dir', 'Open');
}
};
OCA.Files.FileActions = FileActions;
/**
* Replaces the button icon with a loading spinner and vice versa
* - also adds the class disabled to the passed in element
*
* @param {jQuery} $buttonElement The button element
* @param {boolean} showIt whether to show the spinner(true) or to hide it(false)
*/
OCA.Files.FileActions.updateFileActionSpinner = function($buttonElement, showIt) {
var $icon = $buttonElement.find('.icon');
if (showIt) {
var $loadingIcon = $('<span class="icon icon-loading-small"></span>');
$icon.after($loadingIcon);
$icon.addClass('hidden');
} else {
$buttonElement.find('.icon-loading-small').remove();
$buttonElement.find('.icon').removeClass('hidden');
}
};
/**
* File action attributes.
*
* @todo make this a real class in the future
* @typedef {Object} OCA.Files.FileAction
*
* @property {String} name identifier of the action
* @property {(String|OCA.Files.FileActions~displayNameFunction)} displayName
* display name string for the action, or function that returns the display name.
* Defaults to the name given in name property
* @property {String} mime mime type
* @property {String} filename filename
* @property {number} permissions permissions
* @property {(Function|String)} icon icon path to the icon or function that returns it (deprecated, use iconClass instead)
* @property {(String|OCA.Files.FileActions~iconClassFunction)} iconClass class name of the icon (recommended for theming)
* @property {OCA.Files.FileActions~renderActionFunction} [render] optional rendering function
* @property {OCA.Files.FileActions~actionHandler} actionHandler action handler function
*/
/**
* File action context attributes.
*
* @typedef {Object} OCA.Files.FileActionContext
*
* @property {Object} $file jQuery file row element
* @property {OCA.Files.FileActions} fileActions file actions object
* @property {OCA.Files.FileList} fileList file list object
*/
/**
* Render function for actions.
* The function must render a link element somewhere in the DOM
* and return it. The function should NOT register the event handler
* as this will be done after the link was returned.
*
* @callback OCA.Files.FileActions~renderActionFunction
* @param {OCA.Files.FileAction} actionSpec action definition
* @param {Object} $row row container
* @param {boolean} isDefault true if the action is the default one,
* false otherwise
* @return {Object} jQuery link object
*/
/**
* Display name function for actions.
* The function returns the display name of the action using
* the given context information..
*
* @callback OCA.Files.FileActions~displayNameFunction
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context action context
* @return {String} display name
*/
/**
* Icon class function for actions.
* The function returns the icon class of the action using
* the given context information.
*
* @callback OCA.Files.FileActions~iconClassFunction
* @param {String} fileName name of the file on which the action must be performed
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActionContext} context action context
* @return {String} icon class
*/
/**
* Action handler function for file actions
*
* @callback OCA.Files.FileActions~actionHandler
* @param {String} fileName name of the file on which the action must be performed
* @param context context
* @param {String} context.dir directory of the file
* @param {OCA.Files.FileInfoModel} fileInfoModel file info model
* @param {Object} [context.$file] jQuery element of the file [DEPRECATED]
* @param {OCA.Files.FileList} [context.fileList] the FileList instance on which the action occurred [DEPRECATED]
* @param {OCA.Files.FileActions} context.fileActions the FileActions instance on which the action occurred
*/
// global file actions to be used by all lists
OCA.Files.fileActions = new OCA.Files.FileActions();
})();
``` |
The 1936 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing eighth in the American League with a record of 53 wins and 100 losses.
Offseason
Tom Shibe, eldest son of former owner Ben Shibe, died on February 16, 1936. Connie Mack supported Tom's brother, John Shibe, as club president, and he was named to the position on February 24.
Notable transactions
December 10, 1935: Jimmie Foxx and Johnny Marcum were traded by the Athletics to the Boston Red Sox for Gordon Rhodes, George Savino (minors), and $150,000.
Regular season
In August, John Shibe was forced to step down from his position as acting club president.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Farm system
References
External links
1936 Philadelphia Athletics team page at Baseball Reference
1936 Philadelphia Athletics team page at www.baseball-almanac.com
Oakland Athletics seasons
Philadelphia Athletics season
Oakland |
```java
/**
* Provides classes related to type mapping.
*/
package org.springframework.kafka.support.mapping;
``` |
Kentucky Route 61 (KY 61) is a long Kentucky State Highway extending north from the Tennessee state line in Cumberland County to Columbia in Adair County through to Greensburg in Green County. From there, the route traverses LaRue, Hardin and Bullitt counties to terminate in Jefferson County (where it is commonly signed as Preston Street or Preston Highway) at the junction of U.S. Route 31E (East Main Street) in downtown Louisville.
Route description
Cumberland and Adair County
The first of KY 61 is considered part of the Appalachian Development Highway System’s Corridor J project. That stretch of highway is one of five segments of that ADHS project, along with KY 90, US 27, KY 914, and KY 80 going from Burkesville through Burnside to London.
KY 61 runs concurrently with KY 90 into downtown Burkesville. KY 90 branches westward, while KY 61 goes onto a northwestward course, and turns northeast near the tripoint of the Cumberland, Metcalfe, and Adair County lines. Going north, the route crosses the Adair County line twice, and enters the far eastern tip of Metcalfe County before entering Adair County the second time.
KY 61 has junctions with the Louie B. Nunn Cumberland Parkway and KY 80 on the west side of Columbia. KY 55 (Columbia Bypass) also has a concurrency with KY 61 near Columbia as well.
Green, LaRue, Hardin, and Nelson Counties
KY 61 goes on a northwestward course to Green and LaRue counties, traversing Greensburg and Hodgenville, respectively. US 68 and KY 70 runs concurrently with KY 61 in Greensburg, then US 31E gets co-signed with KY 61 near Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park.
At Hodgenville, KY 61 continues northwest into Hardin County to the US 31W and Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway junction in Elizabethtown, and runs concurrently with the northbound lanes of the U.S. route there. In downtown Elizabethtown, KY 61 begins a concurrency with US 62 from there through the I-65 Exit 94 interchange, all the way to just past Boston, in western Nelson County.
Bullitt County and Metro Louisville
KY 61 then runs further northward to Bullitt County (into Lebanon Junction and Shepherdsville) and then the Louisville-Jefferson County metro area, with major junctions with I-65, and then I-265 and I-264 (with access to I-264 eastbound only), along with US 150 (Broadway) before terminating in downtown Louisville at a junction with US 31E (East Main Street) at Louisville Slugger Field.
Major intersections
See also
Roads in Louisville, Kentucky
References
External links
KentuckyRoads.com KY 61
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061
0061 |
William Lyford (1598–1653) was an English nonconformist clergyman, elected to the Westminster Assembly though not sitting in it.
Life
Lyford was born at Peasemore, near Newbury in Berkshire, the son of the rector, an elder William Lyford and his wife, Mary Smith. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, as a commoner on 26 April 1615, became a demy of Magdalen College in 1617, and graduated B.A. on 16 December 1618. He proceeded M.A. on 14 June 1621 (incorporated at Cambridge 1623), and B.D. 12 May 1631. On the presentation of John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, he became vicar of Sherborne, Dorset, in 1631.
His Calvinistic views left him undisturbed during the civil war; he was chosen member of the Westminster Assembly, but did not sit. In 1653 he was allowed an annuity out of Lord Digby's estate. Lyford died at Sherborne on 3 October 1653, and was buried under the communion table in the chancel of the church. By his wife Elizabeth he left children.
Works
Lyford published:
Principles of Faith and Good Conscience digested into a Catechistical Form, London, 1642; 5th edit. Oxford, 1658.
An Apology for our Public Ministry and Infant Baptism, London, 1653; 3rd edit. 1657.
Posthumous were:
The Plain Man's Senses exercised to discern both Good and Evil, London, 1655, with a funeral sermon by W. H., D.D., which was also issued separately.
William Lyford his Legacy, or a Help for Young People to prepare them for the Sacrament, London, 1656; 2nd edit. 1658.
Cases of Conscience propounded in the Time of Rebellion resolved, London, 1661.
Lyford edited in 1634 the second edition of William Pinke's Tryall of a Christians syncere Love unto Christ.
Notes
References
1598 births
1653 deaths
17th-century English Anglican priests
English Caroline nonconforming clergy
Westminster Divines
People from West Berkshire District
People from Sherborne
Burials in Dorset
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford |
John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott DL FRSE (16 January 1778 – 10 January 1860) was a Scottish peer and soldier. Known as "the rich Lord" he built the bridge in front of Arbuthnott House, Kincardineshire. He was the first member of the family who consistently spelled his name "Arbuthnott" rather than "Arbuthnot".
Life
He was the son of the 7th Viscount Arbuthnott and Isabella Graham.
He served in the 7th Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's) and the 52nd Regiment of Foot, reaching the rank of Captain. On 27 February 1800, he succeeded to his father's titles. Arbuthnot was Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire from 1805 to 1847, and Lord Rector of King's College, Aberdeen from 1827 to 1837.
He had long service in the House of Lords as a representative peer for Scotland between 1818 and 1820, and between 1821 and 1847. He fell from a horse in 1829 and suffered a severe head injury. As a consequence in 1848 he was prosecuted for fraud, forgery and uttering and, although the family paid his debts, the Viscount left Scotland, never to return; his heir ran the estate from 1850. He is thought to have died in Bruges.
Positions held
Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (1805–1847)
Rector of King's College, Aberdeen (1827–1835)
Publications
On The Potato Disease, Crop 1845 (an account of the beginnings of the Highland Potato Famine)
Family
On 25 June 1805, he married Margaret Ogilvy, daughter of Walter Ogilvy, 8th Earl of Airlie. They had six sons, and seven daughters:
John Arbuthnott, 9th Viscount of Arbuthnott (4 Jun 1806 – 26 May 1891)
Hon. Jane Ogilvy (9 Aug 1807 - 22 Oct 1900) married Capt. James Cheape. They had no known issue.
Hon. Walter (21 Nov 1808 – 5 Jan 1891) married Anna Maria Ottley. They had a son, the future Walter Charles Warner Arbuthnott, 13th Viscount of Arbuthnott, and Kathleen Georgina.
Hon. Margaret (6 Feb 1810 – 4 March 1845) married William James Lumsden. They had known issue.
Hon. Isabella Mary (5 June 1811 - 13 July 1828)
Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Hugh (13 Aug 1812 – 5 Feb 1866) married Susannah Morrison Campbell. They had two sons.
Hon. Anne Charlotte (17 Nov 1813 - 14 May 1914)
Hon. Helen (10 Apr 1815 – 23 Apr 1840). She married Frederick Lewis Scrymgeour-Wedderburn, grandson of Captain Hon. Frederick Lewis Maitland. They had one son.
Hon. Louisa Charlotte (19 Apr 1817 - 21 Sep 1831)
Hon. Clementina Maria (17 Aug 1818 - 23 Oct 1857). She married William Rose Campbell. They had no known issue.
Hon. David CSI (13 Apr 1820 – 27 Jul 1901) married Elizabeth Reynolds, daughter of Dr. Thomas Forbes Reynolds. They had four sons and three daughters together. He also had three other sons before their marriage.
Lt-Col. Hon. William Arbuthnott (18 Oct 1821 - 13 Dec 1902) married Barbara Elrington (1822-1904).
Major Hon. Charles James Donald Arbuthnott (21 Mar 1823 - 26 Jan 1903) married 1st 1852 Carter Caroline (1814-1890), and 2nd in 1891 Annie Maria Wild (1861-1937).
References
Bibliography
External links
|-
1778 births
1860 deaths
7th Dragoon Guards officers
52nd Regiment of Foot officers
Lord-Lieutenants of Kincardineshire
Scottish representative peers
Rectors of the University of Aberdeen
John Arbuthnot, 8th Viscount
8
People from Inverbervie |
Sir James Nicholas Douglass, (16 October 1826 – 19 June 1898) was an English civil engineer, a prolific lighthouse builder and designer, most famous for the design and construction of the fourth Eddystone Lighthouse, for which he was knighted.
Biography
James Nicholas Douglass was born in Bow, London, in 1826, the eldest son of Nicholas Douglass, also a civil engineer. After serving an apprenticeship with the Hunter and English company, he joined the engineering department of Trinity House, the United Kingdom's lighthouse authority.
Along with his brother William, James worked as an assistant to his father during the construction of James Walker's Bishop Rock Lighthouse in the Scilly Isles, earning the nickname 'Cap'n Jim' during the process. After a brief period working for the Newcastle carriage builders R J & R Laycock, he returned in 1854 to assist in the lighthouse's final completion and to marry his fiancée Mary Tregarthen. Trinity House then engaged him as Resident Engineer to design the Smalls Lighthouse off the coast of Pembrokeshire, his first solo project.
Douglass based his plans on the proven design of John Smeaton for the third Eddystone lighthouse, which had used dovetailed granite blocks for strength. Douglass sourced his granite from the De Lank Quarries near Bodmin, Cornwall, and had it shipped to Solva on the Welsh coast where it was dressed (cut and shaped). The Smalls light was completed in 1861, at a cost of £50,125, and in a record-breaking time of two years. Douglass immediately went on to supervise the construction of the Wolf Rock Lighthouse, designed by James Walker, and was appointed as Engineer-in-Chief of Trinity House in 1862.
Douglass's design for the Smalls light was a great success and he went on to design some twenty lighthouses for Trinity House, including some wave-swept towers which remain major engineering achievements, such as the Longships Lighthouse off Land's End. Douglass's designs were also used in Sri Lanka. His brother William became the Engineer-in-Chief to the Commissioners of Irish Lights in 1878, serving in the post until 1900.
The crowning achievement of James Douglass's career was the construction of the fourth Eddystone Lighthouse. Douglass was engaged to build a replacement for Smeaton's tower in 1877, and the new lighthouse was completed in 1882, the project being finished both without loss of life or serious injury and £18,745 under budget. Douglass received a knighthood shortly afterwards for his services to engineering. He also carried out work on improving illumination using oil and gas burners and electricity.
In 1887 Douglass was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He retired in 1892, being succeeded as Engineer-in-Chief by Thomas Matthews, and died in 1898 at his home on the Isle of Wight. His youngest son Alfred also trained as a lighthouse engineer. His eldest surviving son was William Tregarthen Douglass, who gained a considerable reputation as a civil engineer in the construction of lighthouses.
Controversy
Douglass was involved in a big public disputes with John Richardson Wigham. Wigham claimed that gas lights were superior to oil lamps, Douglass, then chief engineer to Trinity House, disagreed. In 1863 the Dublin Ballast Board funded Wigham's research and the new gas light was installed in the Baily Lighthouse, they then converted other lighthouses until Trinity House prohibited further conversion of lighthouses from oil to gas. After pressure from the Irish Parliamentary Party In 1871 trials were conducted at the two Happisburgh Lighthouses comparing oil with gas. Douglass reported that "the large gas burner was ex-focal and therefore that it was totally useless and wasted".
Douglass claimed that the design of "superposed lenses" at the Eddystone Lighthouse of 1882 were his. The same design "bi-form lens" was used by Wigham in the Galley Head lighthouse in 1877. There was a public dispute. Wigham had patented his design (Patent number 1015) in 1872. Wigham successfully sued Douglass for infringement of patent, and Douglass had to pay £2,500 to Wigham
Examples of Douglass's designs
Bishop Rock Lighthouse (a rebuild of Walker's design)
Bow Creek Lighthouse at Trinity Buoy Wharf, London
The fourth Eddystone Lighthouse
Hartland Point Lighthouse, Devon
Dondra Head Lighthouse, Sri Lanka
Great Castle Head range lights, Milford Haven
Les Hanois Lighthouse, Guernsey
Longships Lighthouse, off Land's End, Cornwall
Old Higher Lighthouse, Isle of Portland, Dorset
Old Lower Lighthouse, Isle of Portland, Dorset
St Bees Lighthouse, Cumbria
Smalls Lighthouse, off Pembrokeshire, Wales
Souter Lighthouse, Tyne and Wear
Southwold Lighthouse, Suffolk
Winterton Lighthouse, Norfolk
References
Lighthouse builders
English civil engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
1826 births
1898 deaths |
The Catholic Church and Judaism have a long and complex history of cooperation and conflict, and have had a strained relationship throughout history, with periods of persecution, violence and discrimination directed towards Jews by Christians, particularly during the Middle Ages.
The Catholic Church, as the largest Christian denomination, traces its roots back to the early Christian community, while Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions and the first of the Abrahamic religions. Christianity started as a movement within Judaism in the mid-1st century. Worshipers of the diverging religions initially co-existed, but began branching out under Paul the Apostle. In 380, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, and a power on its own after the Fall of Rome. As Christianity grew and became the dominant religion in the Roman Empire, the relationship between the two religions began to change with the Catholic Church, which emerged as the main institution of Christianity, starting to view Judaism as a rival religion. In the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it the state religion. The Church began to suppress the practice of Judaism and forced many Jews to convert to Christianity. This persecution continued for several centuries, with Jews being subjected to forced conversions, expulsions, and massacres.
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church institutionalized antisemitism through the creation of discriminatory laws and the establishment of the Inquisition. This led to widespread persecution of Jews, including forced conversions, expulsions, and pogroms. Jews were expelled from Catholic kingdoms, including England and Spain and many of the principalities and cities of the Holy Roman Empire and Italy.
After the Holocaust in the 20th century, the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s led to improvements in the relationship between the Catholic Church and Judaism, following the Church's repudiation of the Jewish deicide accusation and its addressing the topic of antisemitism. In 1965, the Church issued the document "Nostra aetate" which condemned antisemitism and recognized the shared heritage of Jews and Christians. Since the 1970s, interfaith committees have met regularly to address relations between the religions, and Catholic and Jewish institutions have continued to work together on issues such as social justice, interfaith dialogue, and Holocaust education. The Catholic Church has also taken steps to address the harm caused by past persecution of Jews, such as the establishment of the Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews and the apology of the Pope John Paul II to the Jewish community.
Background
Christianity started as a movement in Second Temple Judaism in the Roman province of Judea in the mid-1st century. The first Christians were Jewish and the early spread of Christianity was aided by the wide extent of the Jewish diaspora in the Roman Empire. Although Jesus was not accepted as the messiah by Jewish leaders, worshipers of the diverging religions initially co-existed within the Jewish synagogues, reading the Jewish scriptures, singing the Psalms and joining in the various rituals of the Jewish calendar. Christians moved away from Jews in subsequent centuries, but modern Catholicism has retained much of its Hebrew literary heritage, the Old Testament (Tanakh).
Even as pagans and gentiles increasingly began to attend Christian worship, the Jewish framework remained strong. Paul the Apostle initially took part in the Jewish persecution of the early Christian movement, but following his conversion, he became a leading exponent for Christianity branching away from Judaism and becoming a religion open to all, which could move away from strict Jewish dietary laws and the requirement of circumcision. Judaism was recognized as a legal religion by Julius Caesar but the relationship was volatile resulting in several Jewish–Roman wars. Christianity did not receive legal recognition until the 313 Edict of Milan. The reign of the Emperor Constantine elevated Christianity to the preferred religion of the Roman State - while reducing the position of paganism and Judaism, with Christianity becoming the State church of the Roman Empire in 380. The dominance of Christianity was to flourish and outlast the Roman Empire.
Following the Fall of Rome, and during the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church became a temporal power in its own right.
The Black Death
The "Black Death" pandemic swept through Asia and the Middle East and into Europe between 1347 and 1350, and is believed to have killed between a third and two-thirds of Europe's population. Popular opinion blamed the Jews for the plague, and violence directed at them erupted throughout the continent.
In defence of the Jews, Pope Clement VI issued two papal bulls in 1348 (6 July and 26 September), the latter named Quamvis Perfidiam, which condemned the violence and said those who blamed the plague on the Jews had been "seduced by that liar, the Devil." He went on to emphasise that "It cannot be true that the Jews, by such a heinous crime, are the cause or occasion of the plague, because through many parts of the world the same plague, by the hidden judgment of God, has afflicted and afflicts the Jews themselves and many other races who have never lived alongside them." He urged clergy to take action to protect Jews and offered them papal protection in the city of Avignon.
Jewish "perfidy"
A new understanding of the relationship between Catholics and Jews is also reflected in the revised liturgy of Good Friday in a particular way. The pre-1962 version of the Good Friday Prayer of the Roman Rite had Catholics praying that the "perfidis Judaeis" might be converted to "the truth". The English cognate "perfidious" had, over the centuries, gradually acquired the sense of "treacherous". In order to eliminate misunderstanding on this point, Pope Pius XII ordered in 1955 that, in Catholic liturgical books, the Latin word "perfidis" be properly translated "unbelieving", ensuring that the prayer be understood in its original sense: praying for the Jews who remained "unbelieving" concerning the Messiah. Indeed, the same adjective was used in many of the ancient rituals for receiving non-Christian converts into the Catholic Church.
Owing to the enduring potential for confusion and misunderstanding because of the divergence of English usage from the original Latin meaning, Pope John XXIII ordered that the Latin adjective "perfidis" be dropped from the Good Friday prayer for the Jews; in 1960 he ordered it removed from all rituals for the reception of converts. As part of the revision of the Roman Missal, the prayer was completely rewritten. The current prayer of the Roman Liturgy for Good Friday prays for "the Jewish people, first to hear the word of God, that they may continue to grow in the love of His name and in faithfulness to His covenant."
Jewish deicide
In 1962, Pope John XXIII opened the Second Vatican Council, a pastoral ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. It closed under Pope Paul VI in 1965. One of the most revolutionary changes that resulted from interpretations of this council's documents concerned the Church's attitude to Jews and Judaism.
Among other things, the Second Vatican Council addressed the charge of Jewish deicide, repudiating the belief in the collective Jewish guilt for the crucifixion of Jesus stating that, even though some Jewish authorities and those who followed them called for Jesus' death, the blame for what happened cannot be laid at the door of all Jews living at that time, nor can the Jews in our time be held guilty. The council issued the declaration Nostra aetate ("In Our Time"), which reads in part:
True, the Jewish authorities and those who followed their lead pressed for the death of Christ; still, what happened in His passion cannot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today. The Jews should not be presented as rejected or accursed by God, as if this followed from the Holy Scriptures. All should see to it, then, that in catechetical work or in the preaching of the word of God they do not teach anything that does not conform to the truth of the Gospel and the spirit of Christ.
Antisemitism
Nostra aetate restates the Church attitude to antisemitism, and describes the Church's relationship with Jews as a shared patrimony:
Furthermore, in her rejection of every persecution against any man, the Church, mindful of the patrimony she shares with the Jews and moved not by political reasons but by the Gospel's spiritual love, decries hatred, persecutions, displays of anti-Semitism, directed against Jews at any time and by anyone.
The Church attitude to the mistreatment of Jews is not new, though the experience of the Holocaust brought on an urgency to its renewal. Around 400, St Augustine, one of the most influential and foundational figures of Catholic theology, preached that the Jews must be protected for their ability to explain the Old Testament. Around 598, in reaction to anti-Jewish attacks by Christians in Palermo, Pope Gregory the Great (c. 540–604) brought Augustine's teachings into Roman Law, by writing a Papal Bull which became the foundation of Catholic doctrine in relation to the Jews and specified that, although the Jews had not accepted salvation through Christ, and were therefore condemned by God until such time as they accept salvation, Christians were nevertheless duty-bound to protect the Jews as an important part of Christian civilization. The Bull said that Jews should be treated equitably and justly, that their property rights should be protected, and that they should keep their own festivals and religious practices. Thus, in the Papal States, Jews enjoyed a level of protection in law.
While a "persecuting spirit" often existed among the general population through the Middle Ages, Jewish communities often had to turn to the Holy See for protection. Papal Bulls reiterating the duty of protection were issued by various Popes, Following attacks on Jews by the First Crusade, during which over five thousand Jews were slaughtered in Europe, Pope Callixtus II () issued "Sicut Judaeis", which served as a papal charter of protection to Jews. Following further attacks, the bull was reaffirmed by many popes including Alexander III, Celestine III (1191–1198), Innocent III (1199), Honorius III (1216), Gregory IX (1235), Innocent IV (1246), Alexander IV (1255), Urban IV (1262), Gregory X (1272 and 1274), Nicholas III, Martin IV (1281), Honorius IV (1285–1287), Nicholas IV (1288–1292), Clement VI (1348), Urban V (1365), Boniface IX (1389), Martin V (1422), and Nicholas V (1447). The bull forbade Christians, on pain of excommunication, from forcing Jews to convert, from harming them, from taking their property, from disturbing the celebration of their festivals, and from interfering with their cemeteries. After then, the doctrine was maintained in form only, with many anti-Jewish measures being enacted and certain Popes, including Paul IV, oppressed the Jews.
The Second World War and the Holocaust
In the modern world, anti-Jewish sentiment reached its zenith with the murderous racial antisemitism of the Nazi Holocaust. In the aftermath of the defeat of Hitler's Germany, and discovery of the extent of Nazi war crimes, the long history of Christian anti-Judaism came to be critically examined by scholars attempting to explain the origins of the Holocaust.
Pope John XXIII acknowledged the role of the church in creating and perpetuating Christian antisemitism. Prior to his death in 1963, John prepared a document to be read by every Roman Catholic Church on a fixed date:
Following John's death, a movement for Christian–Jewish reconciliation grew. According to the historian Geoffrey Blainey, "In the following forty years, Christians and Jews were to come together more closely than at perhaps any other time since the half-century after Christ had died.
Modern Catholic teachings about Judaism
To further the goal of reconciliation, the Catholic Church in 1971 established an internal International Catholic-Jewish Liaison Committee and the International Jewish Committee for Interreligious Consultations. (This Committee is not a part of the Church's Magisterium.)
On May 4, 2001, at the 17th meeting of the International Liaison Committee in New York, Church officials stated that they would change how Judaism is dealt with in Catholic seminaries and schools. In part, they stated:
The curricula of Catholic seminaries and schools of theology should reflect the central importance of the Church's new understanding of its relationship to Jews. ... Courses on Bible, developments by which both the Church and rabbinic Judaism emerged from early Judaism will establish a substantial foundation for ameliorating "the painful ignorance of the history and traditions of Judaism of which only negative aspects and often caricature seem to form part of the stock ideas of many Christians. (See notes on the "Correct Way to Present Jews and Judaism in Catholic Preaching and Catechesis", #27, 1985)
... Courses dealing with the biblical, historical and theological aspects of relations between Jews and Christians should be an integral part of the seminary and theologate curriculum, and not merely electives. All who graduate from Catholic seminaries and theology schools should have studied the revolution in Catholic teaching on Jews and Judaism from Nostra aetate to the prayer of Pope John Paul II in Jerusalem at the Western Wall on March 26, 2000. ... For historic reasons, many Jews find it difficult to overcome generational memories of anti-Semitic oppression. Therefore: Lay and Religious Jewish leaders need to advocate and promote a program of education in our Jewish schools and seminaries – about the history of Catholic-Jewish relations and knowledge of Christianity and its relationship to Judaism. ... Encouragement of dialogue between the two faiths does involve recognition, understanding and respect for each other's beliefs, without having to accept them. It is particularly important that Jewish schools teach about the Second Vatican Council, and subsequent documents and attitudinal changes that opened new perspectives and possibilities for both faiths.
In October 2015 the Catholic Church in Poland published a letter referring to antisemitism as a sin against the commandment to love one's neighbor. The letter also acknowledged the heroism of those Poles who risked their lives to shelter Jews as Nazi Germany carried out the Holocaust in occupied Poland. The bishops who signed the letter cited the Polish Pope John Paul II who was opposed to antisemitism, and believed in founding Catholic-Jewish relations.
In 2015, the Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews released a theological reflection that, while rejecting the idea of "two different paths toward salvation, the Jewish path without Christ and the path with the Christ", and calling on Christians to "bear witness to their faith in Jesus Christ ... in a humble and sensitive manner" to Jewish people, acknowledged that Jews were "participants in God's salvation" and that the Church views evangelization to Jews "in a different manner from that to people of other religions and world views", rejected the principle of an institutional Jewish mission, and called on Catholics to fight antisemitism.
Pope Francis has been considered to be particularly instrumental in furthering Catholic–Jewish relations. During a visit to a synagogue, Francis echoed Pope John Paul II's statement that Jews are the "elder brothers" of Christians, and further stated: "in fact you are our brothers and sisters in the faith. We all belong to one family, the family of God, who accompanies and protects us, His people."
Jewish responses
Orthodox Rabbinic Statement on Christianity
On 3 December 2015, fifty years after the issue of Nostra aetate, the Israel-based Center for Jewish-Christian Understanding and Cooperation (CJCUC) spearheaded a petition of orthodox rabbis from around the world calling for increased partnership between Jews and Christians.
The unprecedented Orthodox Rabbinic Statement on Christianity, entitled "To Do the Will of Our Father in Heaven: Toward a Partnership between Jews and Christians", was initially signed by over 25 prominent Orthodox rabbis in Israel, United States and Europe and now has over 60 signatories.
Between Jerusalem and Rome
On 31 August 2017, representatives of the Conference of European Rabbis, the Rabbinical Council of America, and the Commission of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel issued and presented the Holy See with a statement entitled Between Jerusalem and Rome. The document pays particular tribute to the Second Vatican Council's Declaration Nostra aetate, whose fourth chapter represents the Magna Charta of the Holy See's dialogue with the Jewish world. Between Jerusalem and Rome does not hide the theological differences that exist between the two faith traditions while all the same it expresses a firm resolve to collaborate more closely, now and in the future.
Significant outstanding issues
Pius XII
Some Jewish groups and historians have said Pope Pius XII, who was Pope from 1939 to 1958, stayed silent during the Holocaust and did not do enough to save lives. They have sought access to Vatican World War II era archives to determine whether or not Pope Pius XII did enough to help Jews before or during the war, or whether he held some sympathy for the Nazi regime. The Vatican has until 2020 maintained a policy of allowing only partial access to the archives.
Jewish groups and historians have argued for years that the Vatican should not move forward with Pius' beatification until the Vatican's full wartime archives were opened.
On 2 March 2020, the Vatican opened to historians its archives relating to Pope Pius XII.
The Church's repentance
In addition, although the Jewish community appreciated John Paul II's 1994 statement, We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah, which offered a mea culpa for the role of Christians in the Holocaust, some Jewish groups felt that the statement was insufficient, as it focused on individual members of the Church who helped the Nazis, portraying them as acting against the teachings of the Church.
Some critics consider the statement irresponsible, because it absolved the Church of any blame. Lingering disputes also remain about some of the practical aftereffects of the Holocaust, including the question of how to deal with Jewish children who were baptized during the Second World War and were never returned to their Jewish families and people.
Traditionalist Catholics
Traditionalist Catholics who are particularly devoted to the ancient traditions of the Church, and reject many of the changes made since Vatican II, or regard it as an invalid Council, view interfaith dialogue with Jews as unnecessary and potentially leading to a "watering-down" of the Catholic faith. In the view of some traditionalist Catholics, Jews are believed to be damned unless they convert.
Arab Catholics
Continuing tensions in the Middle East impacts on relations between Jews and Catholics in the region and beyond. Relations with Arab Christians in Lebanon, Jordan and Syria often parallel those relations with Arab Muslims and remain difficult, especially with regards to the question of anti-zionism and Zionism.
The media's treatment of the Church
In a May 2002 interview with the Italian-Catholic publication 30 Giorni, Honduran Cardinal Oscar Maradiaga claimed that Jews influenced the media to exploit the recent controversy regarding sexual abuse by Catholic priests in order to divert attention from the Israeli-Palestinian crisis. This provoked outrage from the Anti-Defamation League, especially since Maradiaga has a reputation as a moderate and that he is regarded as a papabile. The high-profile Don Pierino Gelmini of Italy, himself personally accused of sexually abusing a number of young men, put the blame on a nebulous "Jewish radical chic" in an interview with the Corriere della Sera. He later apologized and shifted the blame onto the Freemasons. The bishop Giacomo Babini described the scandal's exposure as a refined "Zionist attack" in an April 2010 newspaper interview.
Catholics in Israel
The legal system provides for freedom of religion in Israel, and the state recognizes non-Jewish minority religious communities, including Catholics, and allocates funding for the provision of the religious needs of their members. However, in comparison to funding for Orthodox Jewish requirements, minority religious communities do not receive a proportional allocation, in what is viewed as discrimination against these minorities. Recognized religious communities, including Catholics, are granted official status and authority, notably in matters of marriage, burial, and divorce.
Despite legal protections for religious minorities, there have been incidents of anti-Christian attacks, including spitting, and so-called "price tag" attacks by violent Jewish extremists vandalizing and damaging Christian property, notably in 2012, at the Catholic monastery at Latrun and the entrance to the Church of the Dormition on Mount Zion, in 2013 at a Catholic abbey, and in 2014, an attack at the Notre Dame of Jerusalem Center, the local headquarters of the Catholic Church.
The Catholic Church of the Multiplication of the Loaves and Fish at Tabgha, in northern Israel was damaged by arson in 2015 and sixteen yeshiva students were arrested over suspected involvement in the religiously motivated attack.
Intermarriage
Pope Francis' Amoris laetitia or The Joy of Love, addresses the issue of interfaith marriages. While marriages of Catholics to non-Catholics are viewed as "mixed marriages", Francis calls marriages to non-Christians, including Jews, "a privileged place for inter religious dialogue." Piero Stefani, a scholar at the Facoltà Teologica del Nord Italia, a Church-owned institute, noted, "The Church is no longer endorsing a policy of missionary conversion, especially toward Jews. So interfaith marriages are seen as an 'opportunity' to start a positive dialogue [about faith] with the non-Catholic spouse, rather than an occasion to convert him or her." Francis has frequently stated that Catholics should not try to convert Jews.
Intermarriage of Jews is rare in Israel and among the Orthodox. In the U.S., Jewish intermarriage is common, and those who do intermarry with someone of a different religion are more likely to marry a Catholic than a mainline Protestant.
See also
Antisemitism in Christianity
Catholic Church and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
Christian–Jewish reconciliation
Christian Zionism
Hebrew Catholics
Holy See–Israel relations
Interfaith dialogue
Judaism and Mormonism
Jules Isaac
Pope John XXIII and Judaism
Pope John Paul II and Judaism
Protestantism and Judaism
Relations between the Orthodox Church and Judaism
References
Bibliography
Ain, Stewart. "Staying The Course: John Paul II built a closeness between the Vatican and Jewish community, and Jewish leaders don't expect that to change", The Jewish Week, April 8, 2005
Lipman, Steve. "The Jewish Critique: Amid the pope's remarkable record on the Jews, issues linger", The Jewish Week, April 8, 2005
External links
Vatican.va:Commission of the Holy See for Religious Relations with the Jews
Catholic Encyclopedia Article on Judaism. Of particular interest is section four: "Judaism and Church Legislation". (The Catholic Encyclopedia was written before Vatican II, and may reflect attitudes that no longer characterize the Catholic view of Judaism.)
Timeline - Pope Benedict angers Jews – a timeline of recent events in Catholic–Jewish relations (Reuters, January 25, 2009)
History of the Catholic Church |
Balc () is a commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Almașu Mare (Kozmaalmás), Almașu Mic (Szóvárhegy), Balc, Ghida (Berettyódéda) and Săldăbagiu de Barcău (Szoldobágy).
Sights
Reformed Church in Balc, built in the 18th century (1791), historic monument
Degenfeld-Schomburg Castle in Balc, built in the 19th century (1896), historic monument
References
Balc
Localities in Crișana |
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Austrodrillia beraudiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.
It was previously categorized within the family Turridae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 17 mm. This is a stouter, shorter shell than Austrodrillia angasi, with fewer, more widely spaced ribs. Description by Des Beechey (2004): "Shell sculptured with solid axial ribs, restricted to lower two thirds of spire whorls, 7 or 8 per whorl, crossed by fine spiral threads. Axial ribs fading out on lower half of body whorl. Inner lip of aperture with callous pad at upper end in mature shells; outer lip with rounded V shaped sinus with apex at centre of shoulder slope. Colour fawn, axial ribs cream."
Distribution
This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off New South Wales (Clarence River), southernTasmania and Victoria.
References
Crosse, H. 1863. Description d'espèces nouvelles d'Australie. Journal de Conchyliologie 11: 84–90
Angas, G.F. 1867. A list of species of marine Mollusca found in Port Jackson harbour, New South Wales, and on the adjacent coasts, with notes on their habits, etc. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 185–233
Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1879. On some new Tasmanian marine shells. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1878: 32–40
Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213–359, pls 42–56
May, W.L. 1923. An Illustrated Index of Tasmanian Shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp.
Laseron, C. 1954. Revision of the New South Wales Turridae (Mollusca). Australian Zoological Handbook. Sydney : Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1–56, pls 1–12.
Wells, F.E. 1990. Revision of the recent Australian Turridae referred to the genera Splendrillia and Austrodrillia. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australasia 11: 73–117
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
External links
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295
Syntype at MNHN, Paris
beraudiana
Gastropods of Australia |
Maximilian Bayer (11 May 1872 in Karlsruhe – 25 October 1917 in Nomeny) was the founder of Scouting in Germany, along with Alexander Lion. During World War I, he built the 27th Royal Prussian Jäger Battalion, later the core of the Finnish Army.
Life
Bayer was the first of two children born to Major General Stephan Bayer (1816–1893) and his second wife, Julie Henoch (1839–1888). During his early life the family moved often between Italy and Germany, living in Pisa, Florence, Bagni di Lucca, Viareggio, Baden-Baden and Gotha. While living in Baden-Baden, the nine-year-old Bayer suffered from a severe case of diphtheria of the eye. The family moved to Italy again between 1883 and 1886, and it was during this time living in Capri and Venice that he became familiar with Italian language and culture.
In 1887, at the age of 14, he continued his family's military tradition by enrolling as a cadet in a Berlin military academy. His mother died the next year. Bayer graduated from the school – the main military academy for the Prussian army – as a second lieutenant in 1891.
Bayer continued his career in the Prussian army and volunteered during the Herero Wars in German South-West Africa in 1904. He returned to Germany in 1905 after contracting typhoid fever and experiencing heart troubles. Upon his recovery, he embarked on a popular lecture tour in Germany on the topic of the colonial war in Africa. He also published several books about his experiences under the pseudonym "Jonk Steffen."
Bayer was killed by a sniper during World War I on Germany's Western Front. His remains were not identified until 6 months later and he was originally buried in the soldier's cemetery in Metz. In 1926, Bayer's remains were moved to his family's burial place in the main cemetery in Mannheim.
Founding of the German Scouting movement
In late 1908, Bayer met Alexander Lion at a meeting of the German Colonial Society. Lion had served as a medical officer during the war in German South-West Africa. At the time, Lion had been in correspondence with Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of the worldwide Scouting movement, and was devoting much of his free time to the establishment of Scouting in Germany. Bayer agreed to work with Lion to edit and publish a German translation of Baden-Powell's "Scouting for Boys." The book was first published as "Das Pfadfinderbuch" (The Scout Book) in May 1909.
On 20 January 1909, the first German Scout troop, "Jugendsport in Wald und Feld" (Youth Sport in Woods and Fields) was formed in Berlin. Its first chairman was the well respected General Counsel Georg Baschwitz. Bayer was elected to the board. There was much opposition to the organization, however. Lion, Bayer, and their colleagues were faced with opposition from military, civilian, and church leaders, who objected to Scouting on the grounds that it was anti-patriotic. Opponents observed that Scouting originated in England, which was one of Germany's greatest political rivals at the time. A wave of attacks in the press followed shortly thereafter, in March 1909, and the founders of the organization faced social exclusion over their participation in Scouting. As a result of these pressures, Bayer resigned from the organization in May of that same year and his name was removed from the title page of later editions of "Das Pfadfinderbuch". However, Bayer had contributed much essential material to the book, including the sections on nature, Scouting techniques, and patriotism.
When the German Scout Association (DPB) was founded in 1911, Bayer was elected "First Reich Field Master," a post which he would hold until his death. He also took an unpaid leave that year due to ongoing heart problems and to devote himself to the design of the German Scouting movement. In May, the second edition of the Scout Book was published. This version, which again featured Bayer's name on the title page, was a completely revised edition. In an attempt to find compromise with Scouting's many critics, it distanced itself from much of Baden-Powell's original thought. The book was to become the model for the first German Scouts.
In the spring of 1912 Emmerich Teuber, founder of the Vienna Boy Scouts Corps, visited Bayer in Berlin. Teuber was disappointed, however, that Bayer's efforts to establish Scouting in Germany had been met by such massive resistance. It appeared that the only viable compromise would be a unilateral pre-military youth training.
Between October and November 1912, Bayer, Lion and Carl Freiherr von Seckendorff were subject to attack from General Alban von Jacobi, who accused them of, amongst other things, lacking in support for their country, King and religion. Jacobi created an anti-Semitic cartoon lampooning Lion, playing on Lion's Jewish birth, changing "Jungensport in Feld und Wald" (youth sports in field and forest) to "Judensport in Wald und Feld" (Jews' sports in forest and field), and calling Scouting supporter General Baschwitz a "vain Jewish man".
In February 1912, Bayer, Lion, and von Seckendorff assisted Elise von Hopffgarten in authoring "Pfadfinderbuch für junge Mädchen" (A Scout Book for Girls). In its effort to make young women more independent, it was free from patriotic or religious sentiment, and contained references to the women's movement.
References
1872 births
1917 deaths
Scouting and Guiding in Germany
German Army personnel of World War I
German military personnel killed in World War I
Deaths by firearm in France
Military personnel from Karlsruhe
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Schutztruppe personnel
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class |
Anna Janssens (d. 1581), was a Dutch businessperson. She was married to Hendrik van Duysborch (d. 1550) and took over the business of her spouse when she was widowed. She managed two breweries, land as well as a trading empire with base in Antwerp. She traded with England as well as Germany and the Spanish crown at the Canarie islands. She was a substantial member of the merchant class and one of the richest people in Antwerp at the time of her death. A street is named after her.
References
16th-century births
1581 deaths
People from the Habsburg Netherlands
16th-century Dutch businesswomen
16th-century Dutch businesspeople
Dutch brewers
Businesspeople from the Spanish Netherlands |
Binay Bhushan Chakrabarti, commonly known as B. B. Chakrabarti, is an Indian academic and professor of management and finance. He was the Director of Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi). Now the director is Prof Shailendra Singh, another professor of IIM Lucknow.
Chakrabarti is a graduate of Jadavpur University and Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM Calcutta). He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI). He has taught finance at IIM Calcutta. He became the Director of IIM Ranchi in September 2013. He is a visiting faculty in the area of finance at IIM Calcutta, IIM Ranchi and IIM Sirmaur.
References
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Ranchi
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
"Protection" is a song written by Bruce Springsteen for Donna Summer. It was originally featured on Summer's 1982 self-titled album which was produced by Quincy Jones. In 1997 it was also included on One Step Up/Two Steps Back: The Songs Of Bruce Springsteen. It was released as a single in Belgium and Japan and was nominated for a Grammy Award as Best Female Rock Vocal Performance alongside Linda Ronstadt, Pat Benatar, Bonnie Raitt, and Kim Carnes.
David Geffen approached Jon Landau, Springsteen's manager and producer, and asked if Springsteen would be interested in writing a song for Summer. Summer had just recently signed for Geffen Records. Springsteen agreed to write a song and, while working with Gary U.S. Bonds, he gathered the E Street Band to record a demo. However, when Landau heard the result, "Cover Me", he persuaded Springsteen to keep that song for himself. Springsteen then wrote "Protection". He recorded a version with the E Street Band at The Hit Factory during January or February 1982 and registered it at the United States Copyright Office on March 8, 1982. In the same month Springsteen and Roy Bittan also travelled to Los Angeles to help record Summer's version of the song. Bruce and Donna allegedly also recorded a duet vocal version at her sessions but it remains unreleased. On the released version by Summer, Springsteen played the guitar solo and can clearly be heard on fadeout vocals. Springsteen's own version of the song was seriously considered for Born in the USA, however it remains unreleased. He has performed the song in concert and can be found on YouTube. The song peak No. 26 in Spain Radio chart.
Personnel
Musicians
Donna Summer – lead vocals, cody
Bruce Springsteen – guitar solo, backing vocals
Ernie Watts – saxophones
Steve Lukather – guitars
David Paich – synthesizers
Greg Phillinganes – synthesizers
Roy Bittan – acoustic piano
Louis Johnson – bass
Jeff Porcaro – drums
Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programming
Production
Quincy Jones – producer
Bruce Swedien – engineer, mixing
References
1982 singles
Donna Summer songs
Bruce Springsteen songs
Songs written by Bruce Springsteen
Song recordings produced by Quincy Jones
1982 songs |
Domenico Aliperta (born 10 November 1990) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie D club Cavese.
Club career
On 31 July 2021, he signed with Arezzo.
On 9 December 2021, he joined Serie D club Cavese.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Naples
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Serie C players
Serie D players
Genoa CFC players
SSC Bari players
AS Noicattaro Calcio players
SSD Città di Gela players
Cavese 1919 players
US Agropoli 1921 players
ASD Nocerina 1910 players
ACR Messina players
SS Arezzo players |
Birunia Union is a union parishad under Bhaluka Upazila of Mymensingh District in the division of Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Geography
Birunia Union is bounded by Dhitpur, Rajai, Bharadoba, Raona, Bhaluka and Mashakhali Union.
Demographics
According to the National Bureau of Statistics of Bangladesh census report, the number of population was 23,723 in 2011.
References
Unions of Bhaluka Upazila |
Jalna may refer to:
India
Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency), a parliamentary constituency of Maharashtra
Jalna (Vidhan Sabha constituency), a assembly constituency of Maharashtra
Jalna, Maharashtra, a city and a municipal council in Jalna district
Jalna district, an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in western India
Jalna railway station a railway station between Aurangabad and Parbhani
Other uses
Jalna (film), a 1935 film adaptation of the novel directed by John Cromwell
Jalna (novel series), a 16-book series by Canadian author Mazo de la Roche
Jalna, a locality in Lac Ste. Anne County, Alberta, Canada |
```go
/*
Aggregator is a reporter used by the Ginkgo CLI to aggregate and present parallel test output
coherently as tests complete. You shouldn't need to use this in your code. To run tests in parallel:
ginkgo -nodes=N
where N is the number of nodes you desire.
*/
package remote
import (
"time"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/config"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/reporters/stenographer"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/types"
)
type configAndSuite struct {
config config.GinkgoConfigType
summary *types.SuiteSummary
}
type Aggregator struct {
nodeCount int
config config.DefaultReporterConfigType
stenographer stenographer.Stenographer
result chan bool
suiteBeginnings chan configAndSuite
aggregatedSuiteBeginnings []configAndSuite
beforeSuites chan *types.SetupSummary
aggregatedBeforeSuites []*types.SetupSummary
afterSuites chan *types.SetupSummary
aggregatedAfterSuites []*types.SetupSummary
specCompletions chan *types.SpecSummary
completedSpecs []*types.SpecSummary
suiteEndings chan *types.SuiteSummary
aggregatedSuiteEndings []*types.SuiteSummary
specs []*types.SpecSummary
startTime time.Time
}
func NewAggregator(nodeCount int, result chan bool, config config.DefaultReporterConfigType, stenographer stenographer.Stenographer) *Aggregator {
aggregator := &Aggregator{
nodeCount: nodeCount,
result: result,
config: config,
stenographer: stenographer,
suiteBeginnings: make(chan configAndSuite),
beforeSuites: make(chan *types.SetupSummary),
afterSuites: make(chan *types.SetupSummary),
specCompletions: make(chan *types.SpecSummary),
suiteEndings: make(chan *types.SuiteSummary),
}
go aggregator.mux()
return aggregator
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecSuiteWillBegin(config config.GinkgoConfigType, summary *types.SuiteSummary) {
aggregator.suiteBeginnings <- configAndSuite{config, summary}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) BeforeSuiteDidRun(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.beforeSuites <- setupSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) AfterSuiteDidRun(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.afterSuites <- setupSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecWillRun(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
//noop
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecDidComplete(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
aggregator.specCompletions <- specSummary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) SpecSuiteDidEnd(summary *types.SuiteSummary) {
aggregator.suiteEndings <- summary
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) mux() {
loop:
for {
select {
case configAndSuite := <-aggregator.suiteBeginnings:
aggregator.registerSuiteBeginning(configAndSuite)
case setupSummary := <-aggregator.beforeSuites:
aggregator.registerBeforeSuite(setupSummary)
case setupSummary := <-aggregator.afterSuites:
aggregator.registerAfterSuite(setupSummary)
case specSummary := <-aggregator.specCompletions:
aggregator.registerSpecCompletion(specSummary)
case suite := <-aggregator.suiteEndings:
finished, passed := aggregator.registerSuiteEnding(suite)
if finished {
aggregator.result <- passed
break loop
}
}
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSuiteBeginning(configAndSuite configAndSuite) {
aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings = append(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings, configAndSuite)
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) == 1 {
aggregator.startTime = time.Now()
}
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) != aggregator.nodeCount {
return
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuite(configAndSuite.summary.SuiteDescription, configAndSuite.config.RandomSeed, configAndSuite.config.RandomizeAllSpecs, aggregator.config.Succinct)
totalNumberOfSpecs := 0
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) > 0 {
totalNumberOfSpecs = configAndSuite.summary.NumberOfSpecsBeforeParallelization
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceTotalNumberOfSpecs(totalNumberOfSpecs, aggregator.config.Succinct)
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceAggregatedParallelRun(aggregator.nodeCount, aggregator.config.Succinct)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerBeforeSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites = append(aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites, setupSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerAfterSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites = append(aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites, setupSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSpecCompletion(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
aggregator.completedSpecs = append(aggregator.completedSpecs, specSummary)
aggregator.specs = append(aggregator.specs, specSummary)
aggregator.flushCompletedSpecs()
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) flushCompletedSpecs() {
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteBeginnings) != aggregator.nodeCount {
return
}
for _, setupSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites {
aggregator.announceBeforeSuite(setupSummary)
}
for _, specSummary := range aggregator.completedSpecs {
aggregator.announceSpec(specSummary)
}
for _, setupSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites {
aggregator.announceAfterSuite(setupSummary)
}
aggregator.aggregatedBeforeSuites = []*types.SetupSummary{}
aggregator.completedSpecs = []*types.SpecSummary{}
aggregator.aggregatedAfterSuites = []*types.SetupSummary{}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceBeforeSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(setupSummary.CapturedOutput)
if setupSummary.State != types.SpecStatePassed {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceBeforeSuiteFailure(setupSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceAfterSuite(setupSummary *types.SetupSummary) {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(setupSummary.CapturedOutput)
if setupSummary.State != types.SpecStatePassed {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceAfterSuiteFailure(setupSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) announceSpec(specSummary *types.SpecSummary) {
if aggregator.config.Verbose && specSummary.State != types.SpecStatePending && specSummary.State != types.SpecStateSkipped {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecWillRun(specSummary)
}
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceCapturedOutput(specSummary.CapturedOutput)
switch specSummary.State {
case types.SpecStatePassed:
if specSummary.IsMeasurement {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulMeasurement(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
} else if specSummary.RunTime.Seconds() >= aggregator.config.SlowSpecThreshold {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulSlowSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
} else {
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSuccessfulSpec(specSummary)
}
case types.SpecStatePending:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnouncePendingSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.NoisyPendings && !aggregator.config.Succinct)
case types.SpecStateSkipped:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSkippedSpec(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct || !aggregator.config.NoisySkippings, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStateTimedOut:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecTimedOut(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStatePanicked:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecPanicked(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
case types.SpecStateFailed:
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecFailed(specSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct, aggregator.config.FullTrace)
}
}
func (aggregator *Aggregator) registerSuiteEnding(suite *types.SuiteSummary) (finished bool, passed bool) {
aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings = append(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings, suite)
if len(aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings) < aggregator.nodeCount {
return false, false
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary := &types.SuiteSummary{}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded = true
for _, suiteSummary := range aggregator.aggregatedSuiteEndings {
if !suiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded {
aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded = false
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfSpecsThatWillBeRun += suiteSummary.NumberOfSpecsThatWillBeRun
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfTotalSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfTotalSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfPassedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfPassedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfFailedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfFailedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfPendingSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfPendingSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfSkippedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfSkippedSpecs
aggregatedSuiteSummary.NumberOfFlakedSpecs += suiteSummary.NumberOfFlakedSpecs
}
aggregatedSuiteSummary.RunTime = time.Since(aggregator.startTime)
aggregator.stenographer.SummarizeFailures(aggregator.specs)
aggregator.stenographer.AnnounceSpecRunCompletion(aggregatedSuiteSummary, aggregator.config.Succinct)
return true, aggregatedSuiteSummary.SuiteSucceeded
}
``` |
Bà Chúa Kho (Lady of the Storehouse) is a goddess of Vietnamese folk religion, with her temple in Bắc Ninh. She is one of the new popular goddess like Bà Chúa Xứ, Lady of the Realm.
References
Vietnamese folk religion
Vietnamese goddesses
Vietnamese deities
Vietnamese gods |
The Hotel Bel-Air is a boutique hotel located in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California. The hotel is one of the nine luxury hotels operated by the Dorchester Collection, which is owned by the Brunei Investment Agency (BIA). The hotel has a total of 103 rooms, 45 of which are suites. The Bel-Air hotel has an overall old Hollywood style and is surrounded by of gardens in the Bel-Air Estates neighborhood.
Located just outside Beverly Hills and Westwood, Hotel Bel-Air has regularly housed notable guests and celebrities including Elizabeth Taylor, Robert Wagner, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Lauren Bacall, Paul Newman, Robert Redford, Jimmy Stewart, Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly, who frequented the hotel so regularly she had a suite named after her. Hotel Bel-Air was also the setting for Marilyn Monroe's last Vogue magazine shoot, six weeks before her death.
History
The hotel was originally built in 1922 on of gardens by Alphonzo Bell. Since opening in 1946, the facility, located on Stone Canyon Road, has served celebrities, heads of state and dignitaries. Initially built as office space and riding stables, it was purchased in 1946 and converted into a hotel by Texan entrepreneur Joseph Drown. Drown partnered with architect Burton Schutt to redevelop the property as a luxurious hotel.
The hotel was themed on an oasis, with Drown adding Swan Lake, which guests cross by foot bridge to get to the hotel. The grounds are planted in ficus, fig, palms and continuously-blooming flowers.
After Drown's death in the 1980s, the hotel was sold to the Hunt family of Texas and became part of its Rosewood Hotels & Resorts collection. The Hunt family revitalized the property by hiring famed chef Wolfgang Puck to consult on the menu and hotel restaurant. Caroline Hunt sold the hotel for $100 million in 1989 to Japan's Sazale Group.
In 1995, the hotel was purchased by Prince Jefri Bolkiah of the royal family of Brunei, then in 2008 the Dorchester Collection, owned by the Brunei Investment Agency, acquired the hotel. After a two-year closure for major renovations, the hotel reopened in October 2011.
In 2014, the hotel faced controversy relating to its ownership's relation to the Sultan of Brunei. The Sultan enacted the first phase in adopting aspects of Sharia law to the Brunei criminal code, and his hotels were boycotted in protest.
See also
References
External links
Hotels in Los Angeles
Hotels established in 1946
Hotel Bel-Air
Hotel Bel-Air |
Moderate Dems Working Group was a caucus of moderate Democratic members of the United States Senate. The group's goal was to work with the Senate leadership and the Obama administration "to craft common-sense solutions to urgent national problems." The group's members are "joined by a shared commitment to pursue pragmatic, fiscally sustainable policies across a range of issues, such as deficit containment, health care reform, the housing crisis, educational reform, energy policy and climate change."
The Moderate Dems Working Group was founded on March 18, 2009, and was led by Senators Evan Bayh of Indiana, Tom Carper of Delaware, and Blanche Lincoln of Arkansas. It has been described as the Senate version of the New Democrat Coalition in the House. The coalition has received praise from Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, but has been criticized by the left as simply being "political cover to Democratic senators representing red or purple states, making it harder for Republicans to tie them to liberal bogeymen."
Members
Former members
See also
New Democrat Coalition
New Democrats
References
Ideological caucuses of the United States Congress
Democratic Party (United States) organizations
Centrist political advocacy groups in the United States
Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
Organizations established in 2009 |
The 2005–06 Cupa României was the 68th season of the annual Romanian football knockout tournament.
The winners of the competition qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup.
Round of 32
The matches took place on September 20 and 21, 2005.
|}
Round of 16
The matches took place on October 25, 2006.
|}
Quarter-finals
The matches took place on December 7, 2005.
|}
Semi-finals
The 1st leg match took place on March 22, 2006. The 2nd on April 19, 2006.
|}
Final
References
Romanian Cup 2005/2006 (RomanianSoccer)
Romania
Cupa Romaniei, 2005-06
Cupa României seasons |
```c++
/*
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to
* the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
* Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "platform/graphics/filters/FEConvolveMatrix.h"
#include "SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter.h"
#include "platform/graphics/filters/SkiaImageFilterBuilder.h"
#include "platform/text/TextStream.h"
#include "wtf/OwnPtr.h"
namespace blink {
FEConvolveMatrix::FEConvolveMatrix(Filter* filter, const IntSize& kernelSize,
float divisor, float bias, const IntPoint& targetOffset, EdgeModeType edgeMode,
const FloatPoint& kernelUnitLength, bool preserveAlpha, const Vector<float>& kernelMatrix)
: FilterEffect(filter)
, m_kernelSize(kernelSize)
, m_divisor(divisor)
, m_bias(bias)
, m_targetOffset(targetOffset)
, m_edgeMode(edgeMode)
, m_kernelUnitLength(kernelUnitLength)
, m_preserveAlpha(preserveAlpha)
, m_kernelMatrix(kernelMatrix)
{
ASSERT(m_kernelSize.width() > 0);
ASSERT(m_kernelSize.height() > 0);
}
PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<FEConvolveMatrix> FEConvolveMatrix::create(Filter* filter, const IntSize& kernelSize,
float divisor, float bias, const IntPoint& targetOffset, EdgeModeType edgeMode,
const FloatPoint& kernelUnitLength, bool preserveAlpha, const Vector<float>& kernelMatrix)
{
return adoptRefWillBeNoop(new FEConvolveMatrix(filter, kernelSize, divisor, bias, targetOffset, edgeMode, kernelUnitLength,
preserveAlpha, kernelMatrix));
}
FloatRect FEConvolveMatrix::mapPaintRect(const FloatRect& rect, bool forward)
{
FloatRect result = rect;
result.moveBy(forward ? -m_targetOffset : m_targetOffset - m_kernelSize);
result.expand(m_kernelSize);
return result;
}
IntSize FEConvolveMatrix::kernelSize() const
{
return m_kernelSize;
}
void FEConvolveMatrix::setKernelSize(const IntSize& kernelSize)
{
ASSERT(kernelSize.width() > 0);
ASSERT(kernelSize.height() > 0);
m_kernelSize = kernelSize;
}
const Vector<float>& FEConvolveMatrix::kernel() const
{
return m_kernelMatrix;
}
void FEConvolveMatrix::setKernel(const Vector<float>& kernel)
{
m_kernelMatrix = kernel;
}
float FEConvolveMatrix::divisor() const
{
return m_divisor;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setDivisor(float divisor)
{
ASSERT(divisor);
if (m_divisor == divisor)
return false;
m_divisor = divisor;
return true;
}
float FEConvolveMatrix::bias() const
{
return m_bias;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setBias(float bias)
{
if (m_bias == bias)
return false;
m_bias = bias;
return true;
}
IntPoint FEConvolveMatrix::targetOffset() const
{
return m_targetOffset;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setTargetOffset(const IntPoint& targetOffset)
{
if (m_targetOffset == targetOffset)
return false;
m_targetOffset = targetOffset;
return true;
}
EdgeModeType FEConvolveMatrix::edgeMode() const
{
return m_edgeMode;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setEdgeMode(EdgeModeType edgeMode)
{
if (m_edgeMode == edgeMode)
return false;
m_edgeMode = edgeMode;
return true;
}
FloatPoint FEConvolveMatrix::kernelUnitLength() const
{
return m_kernelUnitLength;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setKernelUnitLength(const FloatPoint& kernelUnitLength)
{
ASSERT(kernelUnitLength.x() > 0);
ASSERT(kernelUnitLength.y() > 0);
if (m_kernelUnitLength == kernelUnitLength)
return false;
m_kernelUnitLength = kernelUnitLength;
return true;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::preserveAlpha() const
{
return m_preserveAlpha;
}
bool FEConvolveMatrix::setPreserveAlpha(bool preserveAlpha)
{
if (m_preserveAlpha == preserveAlpha)
return false;
m_preserveAlpha = preserveAlpha;
return true;
}
SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::TileMode toSkiaTileMode(EdgeModeType edgeMode)
{
switch (edgeMode) {
case EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE:
return SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::kClamp_TileMode;
case EDGEMODE_WRAP:
return SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::kRepeat_TileMode;
case EDGEMODE_NONE:
return SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::kClampToBlack_TileMode;
default:
return SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::kClamp_TileMode;
}
}
PassRefPtr<SkImageFilter> FEConvolveMatrix::createImageFilter(SkiaImageFilterBuilder* builder)
{
RefPtr<SkImageFilter> input(builder->build(inputEffect(0), operatingColorSpace()));
SkISize kernelSize(SkISize::Make(m_kernelSize.width(), m_kernelSize.height()));
int numElements = kernelSize.width() * kernelSize.height();
SkScalar gain = SkFloatToScalar(1.0f / m_divisor);
SkScalar bias = SkFloatToScalar(m_bias * 255);
SkIPoint target = SkIPoint::Make(m_targetOffset.x(), m_targetOffset.y());
SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::TileMode tileMode = toSkiaTileMode(m_edgeMode);
bool convolveAlpha = !m_preserveAlpha;
OwnPtr<SkScalar[]> kernel = adoptArrayPtr(new SkScalar[numElements]);
for (int i = 0; i < numElements; ++i)
kernel[i] = SkFloatToScalar(m_kernelMatrix[numElements - 1 - i]);
SkImageFilter::CropRect cropRect = getCropRect(builder->cropOffset());
return adoptRef(SkMatrixConvolutionImageFilter::Create(kernelSize, kernel.get(), gain, bias, target, tileMode, convolveAlpha, input.get(), &cropRect));
}
static TextStream& operator<<(TextStream& ts, const EdgeModeType& type)
{
switch (type) {
case EDGEMODE_UNKNOWN:
ts << "UNKNOWN";
break;
case EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE:
ts << "DUPLICATE";
break;
case EDGEMODE_WRAP:
ts << "WRAP";
break;
case EDGEMODE_NONE:
ts << "NONE";
break;
}
return ts;
}
TextStream& FEConvolveMatrix::externalRepresentation(TextStream& ts, int indent) const
{
writeIndent(ts, indent);
ts << "[feConvolveMatrix";
FilterEffect::externalRepresentation(ts);
ts << " order=\"" << m_kernelSize << "\" "
<< "kernelMatrix=\"" << m_kernelMatrix << "\" "
<< "divisor=\"" << m_divisor << "\" "
<< "bias=\"" << m_bias << "\" "
<< "target=\"" << m_targetOffset << "\" "
<< "edgeMode=\"" << m_edgeMode << "\" "
<< "kernelUnitLength=\"" << m_kernelUnitLength << "\" "
<< "preserveAlpha=\"" << m_preserveAlpha << "\"]\n";
inputEffect(0)->externalRepresentation(ts, indent + 1);
return ts;
}
} // namespace blink
``` |
is a limited-edition mini-album by Japanese rock band 9mm Parabellum Bullet released on May 16, 2007. The album contains re-recordings of songs from previous albums as well as two new songs, "The World" and "Heat-Island". The album peaked at 22 on the Oricon charts.
Track listing
PV
The World
Heat-Island
Personnel
Takuro Sugawara – Lead vocals, lyricist, rhythm guitar
Yoshimitsu Taki – Backing vocals, lead guitar
Kazuhiko Nakamura – bass guitar, screaming (tracks 2, 4, and 7)
Chihiro Kamijo – drums
References
2007 EPs
9mm Parabellum Bullet albums |
Arrow Rock (also Fifeshire Rock or Urenui in te reo Māori) is a small island in Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere, off the coast of Nelson, New Zealand. There is a narrow channel between the rock and Haulashore Island. Situated within Nelson Harbour, Arrow Rock was site of the Fifeshire wreck in 1842, which gave the rock is secondary name. There are a number of spotted shags who live on the rock.
The rock is named after the first ship to sail into Nelson harbour, the Arrow. She was a 212-ton brig chartered by the New Zealand Company and used as store ship on the companies expedition to set up a settlement in Tasman Bay. She sailed into Nelson harbour on 2 November 1841 and was followed the next day by the surveyors barques Whitby and Will Watch.
Fifeshire wreck
The barque Fifeshire totally wrecked on Arrow Rock on Sunday, February 27, 1842. It had brought out for a party of settlers for Nelson. After discharging her cargo, she got under weigh with a pilot on board. When she reached the narrows opposite Arrow Rock, the wind suddenly died away, and the tide drifted her upon the rocks. Other ships to be wrecked after hitting the rock include the schooner Three Sisters on 15 September 1866.
References
Islands of the Nelson Region
Geography of Nelson, New Zealand
Islands of Tasman Bay |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import { StyleSheet, View } from 'react-native';
import { Snackbar, Button, List, Text, Switch } from 'react-native-paper';
import { PreferencesContext, useExampleTheme } from '..';
import ScreenWrapper from '../ScreenWrapper';
const SHORT_MESSAGE = 'Single-line snackbar';
const LONG_MESSAGE =
'Snackbar with longer message which does not fit in one line';
const SnackbarExample = () => {
const preferences = React.useContext(PreferencesContext);
const theme = useExampleTheme();
const [options, setOptions] = React.useState({
showSnackbar: false,
showAction: true,
showCloseIcon: false,
showLongerMessage: false,
showLongerAction: false,
});
const {
showSnackbar,
showAction,
showCloseIcon,
showLongerMessage,
showLongerAction,
} = options;
const action = {
label: showLongerAction ? 'Toggle Theme' : 'Action',
onPress: () => {
preferences?.toggleTheme();
},
};
return (
<>
<ScreenWrapper contentContainerStyle={styles.container}>
<List.Section title="Snackbar options">
<View style={styles.row}>
<Text>Action button</Text>
<Switch
value={showAction}
onValueChange={() =>
setOptions({ ...options, showAction: !showAction })
}
/>
</View>
{theme.isV3 && (
<View style={styles.row}>
<Text>Close icon button</Text>
<Switch
value={showCloseIcon}
onValueChange={() =>
setOptions({ ...options, showCloseIcon: !showCloseIcon })
}
/>
</View>
)}
<View style={styles.row}>
<Text>Longer message</Text>
<Switch
value={showLongerMessage}
onValueChange={() =>
setOptions({
...options,
showLongerMessage: !showLongerMessage,
})
}
/>
</View>
<View style={styles.row}>
<Text>Longer action</Text>
<Switch
value={showLongerAction}
onValueChange={() =>
setOptions({
...options,
showLongerAction: !showLongerAction,
})
}
/>
</View>
</List.Section>
<View style={styles.wrapper}>
<Button
mode="outlined"
onPress={() =>
setOptions({ ...options, showSnackbar: !showSnackbar })
}
>
{showSnackbar ? 'Hide' : 'Show'}
</Button>
</View>
</ScreenWrapper>
<Snackbar
visible={showSnackbar}
onDismiss={() => setOptions({ ...options, showSnackbar: false })}
action={showAction ? action : undefined}
onIconPress={
showCloseIcon
? () => setOptions({ ...options, showSnackbar: false })
: undefined
}
duration={Snackbar.DURATION_MEDIUM}
style={showLongerAction && styles.longerAction}
>
{showLongerMessage ? LONG_MESSAGE : SHORT_MESSAGE}
</Snackbar>
</>
);
};
SnackbarExample.title = 'Snackbar';
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
container: {
flex: 1,
},
wrapper: {
justifyContent: 'center',
alignItems: 'center',
},
row: {
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'center',
justifyContent: 'space-between',
paddingVertical: 8,
paddingHorizontal: 16,
},
longerAction: {
flexDirection: 'column',
},
});
export default SnackbarExample;
``` |
The 2002 24 Hours of Le Mans was an automobile endurance race held for Le Mans Prototype and Grand Touring cars from 15 to 16 June 2002 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, close by Le Mans, France. It was the 70th running of the event, as organized by the automotive group, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) since 1923. A test day was held five weeks prior to the race on 5 May. The No. 1 Audi Sport Team Joest car of Tom Kristensen, Frank Biela and Emanuele Pirro won the race overall and Audi's third consecutive victory in Le Mans, extending back to the 2000 event.
Background and circuit changes
The 2002 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 70th edition of the event and took place at the Circuit de la Sarthe road racing track close to Le Mans, France, from 15 to 16 June. The race was first held in 1923 after the automotive journalist Charles Faroux, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) general secretary Georges Durand and the industrialist Emile Coquile agreed to hold a test of vehicle reliability and durability. It is considered the world's most prestigious sports car race and is part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
After the Bugatti Circuit was reconstructed, the organisers of the race and automotive group, the ACO, announced improvements requested to the circuit by the governing body of motorcycle racing, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme, between the Dunlop Bridge and the entry to the Esses complex of corners. The track was lengthened by and widened by due to the addition of a new left-hand corner for a better transition from the Circuit de la Sarthe to the Bugatti Circuit. New gravel traps were also added to the area. Construction cost ₣15 million and took place from November 2001 to February 2002.
Entries
The ACO received 96 applications by the deadline for entries on 22 February 2002. It granted 48 invitations to the 24 Hours of Le Mans and entries were divided between the LMP900 (Le Mans Prototype 900), LMGTP (Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype), LMP675 (Le Mans Prototype 675), LMGTS (Le Mans Grand Touring Sports) and LMGT (Le Mans Grand Touring) categories. A special invitation category was created by the ACO for the Panoz and Lola prototypes fielded by the DAMS team to allow for the filming of the 2003 film Michel Vaillant by Luc Besson.
Automatic entries
Eight automatic entry invitations were earned by teams that won their class in the 2001 24 Hours of Le Mans, or victories in two rounds of the worldwide Le Mans Series that the ACO designed as "qualifying events" – the Petit Le Mans of the American Le Mans Series and the 1000km of Estoril of the defunct European Le Mans Series. They were Audi Sport Team Joest in the LMP900 class, Corvette Racing in the LMGTs category and Seikel Motorsport in the LMGT class. Audi and Corvette also earned berths for securing victories in their respective classes at the Petit Le Mans race and Pescarolo Sport of the LMP900 category, GTS entrants Ray Mallock Limited and Freisinger Motorsport in the LMGT class were granted invitations for winning the 1000 km of Estoril. Prototype Technology Group were the only team not to accept their automatic invitation as the team's car supplier BMW had withdrawn from the American Le Mans Series due to a technological dispute.
Entry list and reserves
On 21 March 2002, the selection committee of the ACO announced the full 50-car entry list for Le Mans, plus six reserves. In addition from the eight guaranteed entries, 17 regular season entries came from the American Le Mans Series, while the remainder of the field was filled with one-off entries only competing at Le Mans. Team Rafanelli announced that their Ferrari 550M would be withdrawn on 26 March, after the team decided to focus on the GTS championship in the American Le Mans Series. This promoted the 27 Chamberlain Motorsport MG-Lola EX257 to the race entry as a result and increased the number of LMP675 entries to seven. All of the reserve entries were deleted from the entry list on 31 May.
Testing
A mandatory pre-Le Mans testing day split into two daytime sessions of four hours each was held at the circuit on 5 May, involving all 48 entries as well as all six reserve cars. The two four-hour sessions were held in cold and overcast weather conditions. Audi set the day's pace with a lap of 3 minutes and 30.296 seconds from the No. 2 Audi R8 of Rinaldo Capello in the final ten minutes of the second session, followed by Stéphane Sarrazin in the No. 14 Team Oreca Dallara SP1 in second. Slower traffic restricted Tom Kristensen's No. 1 car to third and his teammate Michael Krumm put the No. 3 vehicle in fourth. The No. 27 MG-Lola EX257 driven by Mark Blundell was fifth overall, and he was in front of the sole LMGTP entry, Eric van de Poele's No. 8 Bentley EXP Speed 8 in sixth overall. In the LMGTS class, Tomáš Enge, driving the No. 58 Prodrive Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello, set the category's fastest time and he was more than two seconds faster than Christophe Bouchut in the No. 50 Larbre Compétition-Chereau-entered Chrysler Viper GTS-R. The No. 81 The Racer's Group-fielded Porsche 911 GT3-RS was the fastest car in the LMGT category, followed by the PK Sport Ltd. Porsche in second and the third-placed JMB Racing Ferrari 360 Modena.
Qualifying
There were eight hours of qualifying divided into four two-hour sessions available to all the entrants on 12 and 13 June. During the sessions, all entrants were required to set a time within 110 percent of the fastest lap established by the fastest vehicle in each category to qualify for the race. Jan Lammers' No. 16 Racing for Holland Dome S101 set an early pace of 3 minutes and 31.355 seconds just before the end of the first qualifying session's first hour. The lap was not bettered by any other car, giving the entry provisional pole position. The fastest Audi R8 was the No. 1 car of Kristensen who was 0.414 seconds slower in second but more than three seconds faster than Capello in third and Krumm in fourth. Olivier Beretta was the fastest Dallara in fifth and van de Poele put the No. 8 Bentley in sixth. A red flag was necessitated when the No. 26 MG-Lola EX257 of Jonny Kane had an engine failure on the Mulsanne Straight and his team changed engines. The first two positions in the LMP675 class were occupied by Warren Hughes and Julian Bailey's MGs, with the No. 28 ROC Organisation Course Reynard 2KQ-LM driven by Mark Smithson in third. Rickard Rydell in the Prodrive Ferrari led the LMGTS category by more than four seconds over the leading Corvette of Andy Pilgrim and the LMGT class was topped by The Racer's Group Porsche 911 of Lucas Luhr. JMB Racing's No. 71 Ferrari got beached in the gravel trap at the Dunlop Curve, bringing an early end to the session with ten minutes to go.
The second qualifying session had Capello go faster than Lammers' time from the first session to take the provisional pole position with a lap of 3 minutes and 30.347 seconds in its eighth minute. Kristensen remained in second as he improved the No. 1 car's best lap. He demoted the No. 16 Racing for Holland Dome of Lammers to third overall although the latter entry bettered its first session time. Krumm's No. 3 Audi maintained fourth and Blundell advanced the No. 27 MG-Lola from seventh to fifth overall despite a collision with a LMGT Porsche through the Tetre Rouge Esses complex of corners at about . The MG-Lola crashed into a barrier beside the circuit and damaged its steering arm. Blundell drove the car back to the pit lane for extensive repairs to it. Four minutes before the conclusion of the session, Andy Wallace's No. 8 Bentley and a slower car made contact on the approach to Indianapolis corner, causing the Bentley to run into the trackside gravel trap. Yannick Dalmas in the No. 5 Audi Sport Japan Team Goh car lost his right rear wing endplate from possibly hitting debris on the Mulsanne Straight and the car launched airborne before resting against a barrier. In LMGTS, Oliver Gavin's Chevrolet Corvette C5-R and Alain Menu in the Prodrive Ferrari battled for the provisional pole position with Menu ending the session top of all the entrants in the category with a time of 3 minutes and 56.730 seconds. The LMGT class continued to be led by The Racer's Group Porsche 911.
After the second session, the No. 16 Racing for Holland Dome had all of its lap times deleted due to a fuel infringement caused by possibly its fuel tank not being extensively cleaned. Teams running with more powerful engines for qualifying stopped utilising them and installed the power units they would use for the race in order to comply with an ACO regulation that forbade teams changing engines before the final qualifying session and the race. The 13 June's first qualifying session had Capello improve provisional pole position with a 3 minutes and 29.905 seconds lap that he set late in the session and broke the overall lap record held by Martin Brundle in a Toyota GT-One since the 1999 race. He was followed by Kristensen's No. 2 Audi in second after the latter was delayed by a slower car and Sarrazin's third-placed No. 14 Team Oreca Dallara though he aborted his first timed lap due to traffic. The No. 3 Audi remained in fourth place, and Blundell's No. 27 MG-Lola maintained fifth though his engine failed at the first chicane on the Mulsanne Straight. Dalmas' session was ended early with an electrical failure that caused him to abandon his Audi at the side of the track. Although it stopped on its first lap with a transmission fault, the Prodrive Ferrari continued to lead the LMGTS category, and The Racer's Group Porsche maintained the LMGT class lead despite Luhr making a driver error that put the car into the gravel trap at the Dunlop Chicane, and a broken water sealant when Kevin Buckler was driving the vehicle. The session was stopped halfway through for ten minutes to allow marshals to dry a large amount of spilled oil at the Ford Chicanes.
As temperatures cooled in the final qualifying session, over a third of the field improved their fastest laps, but Capello's pole position time was unchallenged. Kristensen led the session in the No. 2 Audi with a lap of 3 minutes and 30.219 seconds while his teammate Krumm moved the No. 3 car to third place as the Audis concentrated on race testing. It was Audi's third consecutive pole position at Le Mans, extending back to the 2000 event. Franck Montagny and Sarrazin qualified the No. 14 Oreca in fourth and Lammer qualified the Racing for Holland Dome in fifth. The No. 27 MG-Lola fell to sixth as it did not take part in the session as it underwent a change of engine and Beretta put the No. 15 Team Oreca Dallara in seventh. The No. 11 Panoz LMP01 Evo, driven by Bryan Herta, caused the session's only stoppage halfway through the session for ten minutes when the car caught fire and stopped at the Dunlop Chicane. Enge earned Prodrive the LMGTS pole position by improving the class' fastest lap time to a 3 minutes and 54.091 seconds although he damaged the rear of his Ferrari in a crash against a trackside wall. The Racer's Group Porsche 911 of Luhr lowered its best lap to 4 minutes and 10.803 seconds and took pole position in the LMGT category.
Qualifying results
Pole positions in each class are denoted in bold and by a ‡. The fastest time set by each entry is denoted in gray.
Race
The 2002 edition saw Audi Sport Team Joest, with drivers Frank Biela, Tom Kristensen, and Emanuele Pirro, taking their third victory not only as a team and manufacturer, but also as a driving team, marking the first time a set of three drivers won the event three years in a row.
Race results
Statistics
Fastest Lap – #1 Audi Sport Team Joest – 3:33.483
Distance – 5118.75 km
Average Speed – 213.068 km/h
Highest Trap Speed – Audi R8 – 340 km/h (race), Dome Judd S101 Racing for Holland – 340 km/h (race)
References
Le Mans
Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans races
Le Mans |
```java
package edu.umd.cs.findbugs.detect;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.AbstractIntegrationTest;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.test.matcher.BugInstanceMatcher;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.test.matcher.BugInstanceMatcherBuilder;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static edu.umd.cs.findbugs.test.CountMatcher.containsExactly;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
class Issue1498Test extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
@Test
void testIssue() {
System.setProperty("frc.debug", "true");
performAnalysis("ghIssues/Issue1498.class");
BugInstanceMatcher bugTypeMatcher = new BugInstanceMatcherBuilder().bugType("IM_MULTIPLYING_RESULT_OF_IREM").build();
assertThat(getBugCollection(), containsExactly(3, bugTypeMatcher));
}
}
``` |
"Un mar de confianza" (A sea of confidence) is the eighth studio album of the Spanish singer-songwriter Luz Casal, released in the last quarter of 1999, after a four years long hiatus due to the death of her father. This is also her fourth and last album with Hispavox before departing from that label two years later. In this album, Casal turned into a melodic singer. She recorded this album in eight different studios in Madrid, London, Mexico City and Buenos Aires. The performer's executive production team included Nick Patrick, along with the collaboration of other musicians such as the French drummer Manu Katché and the British Nick Igman.
Style
After suffering from personal problems due to the death of her father, "Un mar de confianza" shows feelings of loneliness, self compassion and sadness. The album reflects, both in the cover, the black and white promotional photos and in the songs, a general atmosphere of desolation and coldness. It has been reported that she recorded a more mature album with a more elaborated production and arrangements and a wider range of musical influences. Those feelings of loneliness and need for support are clearly shown in the first maxi single of this album entitled "Mi confianza" (My confidence), a song that was arranged with acoustic guitars and soft drums. This song aired on Spanish radio stations one month before the release of the album. It aroused great interest in the media thanks to its moving lyrics. The interest was so great that the album won an Ondas Award for the best song in October 1999, an event in which the singer presented the song.
In the first months of 2000, Luz Casal released the following single from this album entitled "Sentir" (To feel), a track written and composed by Torres Muniz and Pedro Ayres Magalhaes, members of the Portuguese band Madredeus, in which the performer talks about the need of having the company of the most loved ones while there's still time left. This song received an even better response by the audience and in fact, reached the first place in the Los 40 Principales top 40 chart.
The third single of this album was "Sumisa" (Submissive), a song with feminist lyrics which talk about the discrimination, violence and various humiliations that women still suffer in many aspects of life. One fragment of the lyrics says "In the name of whom have you lost your voice, turned into a hostage of your owner and lord?" This single was performed for first time in the RTVE music show "El séptimo de caballería", presented by Miguel Bosé.
The last maxi single from this album was "Inesperadamente" (Unexpectedly). This song, composed by the Portuguese singer Rui Veloso, talks about the need to start again after suffering a sentimental loss and finally, the fifth and last single was "Quisiera ser y no puedo" (I would like to be but I just can't), a rock song similar to the ones of Casal's previous releases.
Track listing
Certifications
References
External links
Un mar de confianza in Luz Casal's official website
Luz Casal albums
1999 albums |
William David Wightman is an Anglican priest: he was Provost of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen from 1991 until 2002.
Wightman was born on 29 January 1939, educated at the University of Birmingham and Wells Theological College; and ordained in 1964. After a curacy in Castlechurch he was Vicar at Buttershaw from 1970 to 1976; and of Cullingworth from 1976 to 1983. After this he was Rector of Peterhead then Longside before his time as Provost.
References
1939 births
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Wells Theological College
Provosts of St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen
Living people |
After Hours with Sarah Vaughan is a compilation album by Sarah Vaughan released in 1955 on the Columbia Records label. She recorded for Columbia from 1949 to 1953 and the album picks up some of her choice recordings for the label.
Track listing
After Hours
Street of Dreams
You Taught Me to Love Again
You're Mine, You (Johnny Green, Edward Heyman)
My Reverie
Summertime
Black Coffee
Thinking of You
I Cried for You
Perdido
Deep Purple
Just Friends
References
1955 albums
Sarah Vaughan albums |
```javascript
module.exports = {
getMeta: function(meta) {
function getAttr(attr) {
var root = meta.dc || meta.dcterms, key;
if (root && root[attr]) {
for(key in root) {
if (key == attr) {
return root[key];
}
}
}
for(key in meta) {
var bits = key.split('.');
if (bits.length > 1) {
var b0 = bits[0];
var b1 = bits.slice(1).join('.');
if ((b0 == "dcterms" || b0 == "dc") && b1 == attr) {
return meta[key];
}
}
}
}
return {
title: getAttr("title"),
description: getAttr("description"),
author: getAttr("creator"),
date: getAttr("date") || getAttr("date.issued") || getAttr("created") || getAttr("modified")
};
}
};
``` |
Murderdolls is an American horror punk and metal band. Their discography currently consists of two studio albums, two compilation albums, one extended play, and five singles. These figures do not account for material released by members' side projects.
The Murderdolls first release was an extended play, entitled Right to Remain Violent. It was released in early 2002 on Roadrunner Records. It is considered to be a promotional album for their upcoming studio album. The album consists of three tracks that were later featured on their debut studio album. It did not make it onto any charts.
Their debut album, Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls, was a studio album, consisting of 15 tracks. It was released in mid-2002 on Roadrunner Records. There were three versions released, the original issue, the limited edition, released in 2003, and the Enhanced DVD. The album peaked at number 40 in the UK, 102 in the US, and 144 in France.
Their second album, Women & Children Last was a studio album consisting of 14 tracks. It was released in August 2010.
The three singles they released include "Dead in Hollywood", "White Wedding", and "My Dark Place Alone". "Dead in Hollywood" peaked at 54 on the UK charts. "White Wedding" peaked at 24 on the same chart.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Extended plays
Singles
Other appearances
Music videos
References
Discography
Heavy metal group discographies
Punk rock group discographies
Discographies of American artists |
Lisa Gervasoni (born 1969) is currently the Senior Stakeholder Policy and Advocacy Advisor at the Victorian Farmers Federation. Gervasoni is strategic planner, photographer and artist. She was born in Melbourne, Australia. Gervasoni is part of a long family tradition of working with heritage sites in Australia. She is a member of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) and was a 2-term member of their executive committee. She has been a keynote speaker in Victoria, Australia. Gervasoni was instrumental in getting Hepburn Pool listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.
Education
Gervasoni was educated at Genazzano FCJ College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology where she received a Bachelor of Applied Science-Planning. She graduated from the University of Melbourne with a Master of Environmental Studies.
Career and work
Gervasoni became involved in community and heritage work at a young age. Her father, Jack Gervasoni, worked as a councilor at City of Kew. Gervasoni's strategic planning has been referenced in the Planning Institute of Australia's submission to the Parliament of Australia's Standing Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Inquiry into Future Water Supply for Rural Industries and Communities. Gervasoni has given evidence to many parliamentary inquiries and in 2020 she gave evidence to the Royal Commission into Natural Disaster Arrangements. The March 2010 edition of Planning News featured an article on fire risk and planning.
Gervasoni identifies heritage as an important and necessary part of a community's well-being. Other critical components of a healthy community identified by Gervasoni are practicing sustainable growth and celebrating history. Gervasoni has written extensively on heritage matters and was the Municipal Association of Victoria representative on the community reference group for the Historic Places Investigation by VEAC. Gervasoni has presented papers to many planning and heritage conferences as was the keynote speaker at the Victorian Association of Family History Organisation (VAFHO) conference in 2013.
Hepburn Pool
Gervasoni's work in documenting and promoting pre-olympic swimming pools was critical in saving Hepburn Pool and later, being named as Victoria's Favourite Built Place in 2004. This recognition helped lead to funding from the Minister for Planning in 2006 to ensure the pool's long-term survival. Gervasoni did significant research on pre olympic pools for the Australia ICOMOS Watermarks conference in 2011.
Art and Photo Documentary
Gervasoni is dedicated to ensuring the photographic documentation of urban areas, heritage sites and natural resources of Australia. She has provided over 70,000 images to the National Library of Australia Trove database via the Flickr portal.
Gervasoni had a solo exhibition, Reimagining our cultural landscapes, at the Art Gallery of Ballarat in 2023 for the Ballarat Heritage Festival. The exhibition took inspiration from the works of Eugene Von Guerard and used an abstract expressionism to change focal points and look for new patterns and meaings in the landscape.
In 2004 Gervasoni won the Daylesford Small Art Prize for an embroidered depiction of the Savoia Hotel. Her art mediums are photography, embroidery and acrylic on canvas. Many of her works have a theme of interpretation of heritage and cultural spaces. Her art has a page on Bluethumb and the National Register of Art and Artists.
Gervasoni was a finalist in the 2022 Harden Art Prize for Australian Landscape painting and had a solo exhibition at Backspace at the Art Gallery of Ballarat in 2023.
Gervasoni's photographs have been published in Ballarat Views by Dorothy Wickham. She was also published in the Warrnambool Heritage Strategy report in 2011. Gervasoni's image of Broken Hill was used on the cover of the 2009-2010 Australia ICOMOS Annual report. An image of Burra is used on the front cover of the history of Australia ICOMOS, an image of Pootilla on the cover of the Victorian Farmers Federation 2018 Conference proceedings and an image of Stawell Town Hall on the front cover of Long distance commuting and regional development: a case study of Stawell, Victoria. Her photos have been used in news publications such as The Age and the Sydney Herald. Gervasoni designed the cover art for an early numeracy book - Extending Mathematical Understanding (EMU) - consisting of an emu constructed from brightly coloured numbers. In 2007 one of Gervasoni's images was chosen as the Christmas Card for the managing director of the Australian Broadcasting Commission.
In 2010 Gervasoni was asked to be involved in ABC Open's inaugural project One on One: Change. Her involvement in other projects were featured on ABC Open. Her work for ABC Open Now and Then was one of 40 images nationwide displayed at an exhibition in the Museum of Sydney. In 2011 Gervasoni curated an exhibition in the Warrnambool Art Gallery using ABC South West Vic Now and Then photos as well as images illustrating the thematic environmental history for Warrnambool. In 2012 she curated the Makers and Shapers exhibition in the Warrnambool Art Gallery.
Gervasoni has self published three photo books on weather, Warrnambool and Uluru.
Awards
Gervasoni was inducted into the Hepburn Shire Council's Women's Honour Roll in 2009. Hepburn Shires recognized her various professional and community achievements and highlighted her skills as a town planner. She was the Victorian winner of the Urban Planning Achievement category of the Planning Institute of Australia.
Quotes
"People often return to a place with family, and are disappointed when it is greatly changed...understanding what people value can assist in planning."
"Heritage as a concept changes and develops over time."
"it is a wicked problem that we have been trying to discuss for quite some time. One of the things we called for in the review of native vegetation regulations was a recognition that agriculture is probably one of the few areas that, through Landcare and even Salt Action: Joint Action before that and the farm tree association, has been voluntarily getting to net gain and quite often not with a lot of support."
References
External links
Lisa Gervasoni's Contributions to Trove
Lisa Gervasoni Biography
Lisa Gervasoni Art
20th-century Australian women artists
Living people
1969 births
University of Melbourne alumni
RMIT University alumni
Photographers from Melbourne
21st-century Australian women artists
Activists from Melbourne
People educated at Genazzano FCJ College
21st-century Australian photographers
21st-century Australian painters
Australian people of Italian descent |
Five Points is a district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States, the primary reference for the downtown area.
Description
The name refers to the convergence of Marietta Street, Edgewood Avenue, Decatur Street, and two legs of Peachtree Street (the south-southwestern leg was originally Whitehall Street, before a section of Whitehall was renamed as an extension of Peachtree Street to give businesses south of Five Points the prestige of a Peachtree Street address). Five Points is usually considered by Atlantans to be the center of town, and it is the origin of the street addressing system for the city and county, although four of the streets (except Edgewood) are rotated at least 30° clockwise from their nominal directions, along with the rest of the downtown street grid.
Woodruff Park is on the northeast corner of the intersection, between Peachtree Street and Edgewood Avenue. The Five Points MARTA station is one block south of the intersection on Peachtree Street.
A large round Coca-Cola sign overlooks Five Points, atop the Olympia Building on the east side of the intersection between Edgewood Avenue and Decatur Avenue. The nearly 50-foot tall sign has a 33-foot lighted neon face and faces up and down Peachtree Street. A lighted portion at the bottom of the sign gives the current time and temperature.
At the other corners of Five Points are located: Woodruff Park (northeast); the William-Oliver Building (northwest); Georgia State University's Andrew Young School of Policy Studies (southwest); and a parking garage (southeast). On a triangular island in the intersection stands the George Beasley sculpture Five Points Monument, alluding to the water tower formerly standing on the spot as well as the streetcar tracks that once existed in the intersection.
History
Prior to the arrival of white settlers, Five Points was the intersection of two Creek Indian trails, the Peachtree Trail and the Sandtown Trail. In 1845, George Washington Collier opened a grocery store at what is now Five Points, and the store later served as Atlanta's first post office in 1846. In 1848, Five Points served as the location of Atlanta's first mayoral election. Moses Formwalt became Atlanta's first mayor, defeating Jonathan Norcross. In 1875, Atlanta's drinking water system began with the construction of three artesian wells at Five Points. The system delivered water to Atlanta's residents via wooden pipes.
Until the 1960s, Five Points represented the central hub of Atlanta. With the advent of urban sprawl and the development of shopping malls, the economic and demographic center of Atlanta shifted northward, and Five Points went into decay. By the 21st century, the area was revitalizing, mostly due to the expansion of Georgia State University, which maintains a large footprint in Five Points.
References
Neighborhoods in Atlanta |
YPSL may refer to:
Young People's Socialist League (1907), the youth wing of the Socialist Party of America;
Young People's Socialist League (Socialist Party USA), the youth wing of Socialist Party USA. |
Bogoljub Ilić (Serbian Cyrillic: Богољуб Илић; 22 February 1881 – 23 April 1965) was a Serbian Armijski đeneral with the Royal Yugoslav Army who was briefly Minister for the Army and Navy prior and during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. He was then Minister of the Army and Navy in exile from August 1941 to January 1942.
Career
Milovanović was born in Požarevac, Serbia in 1881. He was commissioned in 1900 and held several staff positions during the Balkan Wars and World War I. He was promoted to brigadni đeneral in 1925, after which he served in a variety of appointments, including chief of staff of the 5th Army, commander of the 1st Cavalry Division, and 2nd Deputy Chief of the General Staff. In September 1936, he was appointed to command the 2nd Army at Sarajevo.
Notes
Footnotes
References
Books
Websites
1881 births
1956 deaths
Military personnel from Požarevac
Royal Serbian Army soldiers
Serbian military personnel of World War I
20th-century Serbian people
Serbian generals
People from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Royal Yugoslav Army personnel of World War II |
Anchirithra is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878.
Species
Anchirithra insignis Butler, 1878
Anchirithra pallescens
Anchirithra punctuligera Mabille, 1879
Anchirithra viettei de Lajonquière, 1970
References
Lasiocampidae
Moth genera |
The National Football Development Programme of Malaysia (NFDP Malaysia) () (PPBN); abbrev: NFDP) is a long-term plan to promote and develop the sport nationally. It is intended to have two phases: 2014-2020 and 2021-2030.
References
Youth sport in Asia
Sports organizations established in 2014
Sports governing bodies in Malaysia
National football academies
Football academies in Malaysia
Malaysian reserve football teams
Sport in Pahang
Kuantan |
```xml
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Code } from '@domain/code';
@Component({
selector: 'image-doc',
template: `
<app-docsectiontext>
<p>Any content such as an image can be placed inside an Inplace.</p>
</app-docsectiontext>
<div class="card">
<p-inplace>
<ng-template pTemplate="display">
<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
<span class="ml-2">View Picture</span>
</div>
</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img src="path_to_url" alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
</p-inplace>
</div>
<app-code [code]="code" selector="inplace-image-demo"></app-code>
`
})
export class ImageDoc {
code: Code = {
basic: `<p-inplace>
<ng-template pTemplate="display">
<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
<span class="ml-2">View Picture</span>
</div>
</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img
src="path_to_url"
alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
</p-inplace>`,
html: `<div class="card">
<p-inplace>
<ng-template pTemplate="display">
<div class="inline-flex align-items-center">
<span class="pi pi-image" style="vertical-align: middle"></span>
<span class="ml-2">View Picture</span>
</div>
</ng-template>
<ng-template pTemplate="content">
<img
src="path_to_url"
alt="Nature" />
</ng-template>
</p-inplace>
</div>`,
typescript: `import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { InplaceModule } from 'primeng/inplace';
@Component({
selector: 'inplace-image-demo',
templateUrl: './inplace-image-demo.html',
standalone: true,
imports: [InplaceModule]
})
export class InplaceImageDemo {}`
};
}
``` |
Kyasuchus is an extinct genus of shartegosuchid crocodylomorph. Fossils have been found from the Ilek Formation outcropping in the Kemerovo Oblast of Russia, deposited during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The localities from which specimens of this genus have been found have also yielded many other vertebrate remains such as those of palaeonisciform fishes, turtles, various lizards, troodontids, triconodonts, the ceratopsian Psittacosaurus, and the protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph Tagarosuchus.
References
External links
Kyasuchus in the Paleobiology Database
Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 2000
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera |
The Cove River is a stream in New Haven County in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It rises in Orange and flows through West Haven before discharging into Long Island Sound at Sea Bluff Beach by Bradley Point. Dams along the river form the Maltby Lakes, reservoirs of the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority, as well as Phipps Lake. A project was initiated in 2021 to replace the flood gates near the mouth to regulate water flow into the salt march upstream. This project also includes a new aluminum truss pedestrian bridge at the mouth to connect Bradley Point Park and Sea Bluff Beach.
See also
List of rivers of Connecticut
References
External links
Fishing Cove River
Rivers of New Haven County, Connecticut
Rivers of Connecticut
Geography of New Haven County, Connecticut |
Marion "Kiki" Roberts (née Strasmick) (born 1909 in Boston, Massachusetts to Martha Strasmick) was an American dancer and showgirl. She was better known as the girlfriend and moll of American gangster Legs Diamond.
Early life
Roberts dreamed of being a celebrity from a very young age and she placed eighth in a children's beauty pageant. She won a contract to participate at the Ziegfeld Follies as a "Ziegfeld girl", but as she was too young to sign that contract, she could not participate at that time.
At age 16, however, searching for bigger fame, Roberts and her mother Martha moved to New York City. In 1930 they were living in Manhattan. She began working for Texas Guinan at Guinan's nightclub the Moritz. At age 17, she was signed as a Ziegfeld girl.
Legs Diamond
Jack "Legs" Diamond was a major Irish-American bootlegger and mobster of the 1920s and 1930s. There are various accounts as to how Diamond and "Kiki" Roberts met, but one was that she had befriended a lady named Agnes O. Laughlin, who was in turn friends with Diamond and introduced them.
The two soon became lovers, gaining Roberts the celebrity she wanted. Diamond helped Roberts get introduced to New York City choreographers in order to improve her dancing skills.
It is widely believed that Roberts was one of the later people to see Diamond alive before he was gunned down in December 1931. "Kiki" Roberts and Diamond's wife Alice were both questioned in connection with the murder's investigation, but they were not suspected of wrongdoing.
Later life
Not much is known about Marion Roberts after the death of "Legs" Diamond. She did an interview for the Boston American newspaper, recorded in film in 1931, and in 1935, she moved to the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania, and by 1937, she was headlining a show titled Crazy Quilt at the Allentown Lyric Theater in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
By the 1940s, she had disappeared from the limelight. Attempts at finding her whereabouts and her death date have been unsuccessful.
In pop culture
"Kiki" Roberts features prominently in writer William Kennedy's novel about Legs Diamond, titled Legs.
She is played by actress Amanda Greer in the 2019 biopic The Last Day of Legs Diamond.
References
1909 births
Year of death missing
People from Boston
People from New York (state)
American female dancers |
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