text
stringlengths 1
22.8M
|
|---|
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
~ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
~ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
~
~ path_to_url
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<sql-parser-test-cases>
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_comment" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_maxsize" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_for_innodb" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_for_myisam" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_undo_tablespace_for_innodb" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_undo_tablespace_for_myisam" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_permanent_tablespace_online" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_permanent_tablespace_offline" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_permanent_tablespace_bigfile" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_permanent_tablespace_smallfile" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_multi_filespecification" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_filespecification_next" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_filespecification" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_k" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_m" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_g" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_t" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_p" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_minimum_extend_e" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_blocksize" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_logging_clause" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_nologging_clause" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_filesystem_like_logging" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_force_logging" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_encrypt" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_compress" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_nocompress" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_compress_basic" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_query_low" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_query_high" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_query" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_archive_high" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_archive_low" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_archive" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_oltp" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_initial" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_next" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_minextents" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_maxextents" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_maxextents_unlimited" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_maxsize_unlimited" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_maxsize" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_pctincrease" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_freelists" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_freelist_group" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_optimal_integer" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_optimal" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_optimal_null" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_buffer_pool_keep" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_buffer_pool_recycle" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_buffer_pool_default" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_flashcache_keep" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_flashcache_none" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_flashcache_default" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_storage_encrypt" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_extent_management" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_extent_management_autoallocate" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_extent_management_uniform_size" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_extent_management_uniform" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_segment_auto" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_segment_manual" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_flashback_on" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_flashback_off" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_spec" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_tablespace_group" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_extent" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_extent_autoallocate" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_extent_uniform_size" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_extent_uniform" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_tempfile_spec" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_tempfile_spec_group" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id=your_sha256_hash />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_temporary_tempfile_spec_size_autoextend" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id=your_sha256_hashroup" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_spec" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_extent" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_extent_autoallocate" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_extent_uniform" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_retention_guarantee" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_undo_tablespace_retention_noguarantee" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_relative_location" />
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_autoextend_size"/>
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_engine_attribute"/>
<create-tablespace sql-case-id="create_tablespace_with_extent_size"/>
</sql-parser-test-cases>
```
|
San Juan River (Río San Juan) is a river in Sucre and Monagas states, north-eastern Venezuela. Its eastern part forms the limit between both states before it flows into the Gulf of Paria.
The Guarapiche River flows into a short body named Caño Francés that flows into the San Juan shortly before its mouth in the Gulf of Paria. In February 2012 there was an oil spill in the mangrove area at the mouth of the river.
See also
List of rivers of Venezuela
References
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
External links
Geologia de Venezuela
Consecuencias ambientales de derrame petrolero en Monagas
Rivers of Venezuela
Geography of Sucre (state)
Geography of Monagas
Gulf of Paria
|
```c
/*====================================================================*
-
- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- are met:
- 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
- disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
- provided with the distribution.
-
- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
- CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
- EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
- PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
- PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
- OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
- NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
- SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*====================================================================*/
/*
* recogtest2.c
*
* Test bootstrap recognizer (BSR) to train a book-adapted
* recognizer (BAR), starting with unlabeled bitmaps from the book.
*
* Several BSRs are used.
* The BAR images are taken from recog/sets/train*.pa. We really
* know their classes, but pretend we don't, by erasing the labels.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config_auto.h>
#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
#include "string.h"
#include "allheaders.h"
/* Sets for training using boot recognizers */
static char trainset1[] = "recog/sets/train04.pa"; /* partial set */
static char trainset2[] = "recog/sets/train05.pa"; /* full set */
/* Use scanned images or width-normalized lines */
#if 1
static const l_int32 linew = 0; /* use scanned bitmaps */
#else
static const l_int32 linew = 5; /* use generated lines */
#endif
l_int32 main(int argc,
char **argv)
{
char *fname;
l_int32 i;
BOXA *boxa1;
BOXAA *baa;
NUMAA *naa;
PIX *pix1, *pix2, *pix3;
PIXA *pixa1, *pixa2, *pixa3;
L_RECOG *recogboot, *recog1;
SARRAY *sa;
if (argc != 1) {
lept_stderr(" Syntax: recogtest2\n");
return 1;
}
setLeptDebugOK(1);
lept_mkdir("lept/recog");
/* Files with 'unlabeled' templates from book */
sa = sarrayCreate(2);
sarrayAddString(sa, trainset1, L_COPY);
sarrayAddString(sa, trainset2, L_COPY);
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Do operations with a simple bootstrap recognizer */
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Generate a BSR (boot-strap recog), and show the unscaled
* and scaled versions of the templates */
pixa1 = (PIXA *)l_bootnum_gen1(); /* from recog/digits/bootnum1.pa */
recogboot = recogCreateFromPixa(pixa1, 0, 40, linew, 128, 1);
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/boot1.rec", recogboot);
recogShowContent(stderr, recogboot, 1, 1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
/* Generate a BAR (book-adapted recog) for a set of images from
* one book. Select a set of digit images. These happen to
* be labeled, so we clear the text field from each pix before
* running it through the boot recognizer. */
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
fname = sarrayGetString(sa, i, L_NOCOPY);
pixa2 = pixaRead(fname);
pixaSetText(pixa2, NULL, NULL);
/* Train a new recognizer from the boot and unlabeled samples */
pixa3 = recogTrainFromBoot(recogboot, pixa2, 0.65, 128, 1);
recog1 = recogCreateFromPixa(pixa3, 0, 40, linew, 128, 1);
recogShowContent(stderr, recog1, 2, 1);
if (i == 0)
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/recog1.rec", recog1);
else /* i == 1 */
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/recog2.rec", recog1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixaDestroy(&pixa3);
recogDestroy(&recog1);
}
recogDestroy(&recogboot);
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Do operations with a larger bootstrap recognizer */
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Generate the boot recog, and show the unscaled and scaled
* versions of the templates */
recogboot = recogMakeBootDigitRecog(0, 40, linew, 1, 1);
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/boot2.rec", recogboot);
recogShowContent(stderr, recogboot, 3, 1);
/* Generate a BAR for a set of images from one book.
* Select a set of digit images and erase the text field. */
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
fname = sarrayGetString(sa, i, L_NOCOPY);
pixa2 = pixaRead(fname);
pixaSetText(pixa2, NULL, NULL);
/* Train a new recognizer from the boot and unlabeled samples */
pixa3 = recogTrainFromBoot(recogboot, pixa2, 0.65, 128, 1);
recog1 = recogCreateFromPixa(pixa3, 0, 40, linew, 128, 1);
recogShowContent(stderr, recog1, 4, 1);
if (i == 0)
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/recog3.rec", recog1);
else if (i == 1)
recogWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/recog4.rec", recog1);
pixaDestroy(&pixa2);
pixaDestroy(&pixa3);
recogDestroy(&recog1);
}
recogDestroy(&recogboot);
sarrayDestroy(&sa);
#if 0
recogShowMatchesInRange(recog, recog->pixa_tr, 0.0, 1.0, 1);
recogShowContent(stderr, recog, 1);
/* Now use minscore = 0.75 to remove the outliers in the BAR,
* and show what is left. */
lept_stderr("initial size: %d\n", recog->num_samples);
pix1 = pix2 = NULL;
recogRemoveOutliers1(&recog, 0.75, 5, 3, &pix1, &pix2);
pixDisplay(pix1, 500, 0);
pixDisplay(pix2, 500, 500);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixDestroy(&pix2);
lept_stderr("final size: %d\n", recog->num_samples);
recogDebugAverages(recog, 1);
recogShowContent(stderr, recog, 1);
recogShowMatchesInRange(recog, recog->pixa_tr, 0.75, 1.0, 1);
pixWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/range.png", recog->pixdb_range, IFF_PNG);
#endif
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Show operation of the default bootstrap recognizer */
/* ----------------------------------------------------------- */
recog1 = recogMakeBootDigitRecog(0, 40, 0, 1, 0);
pix1 = pixRead("test-87220.59.png");
recogIdentifyMultiple(recog1, pix1, 0, 1, &boxa1, NULL, NULL, 0);
sa = recogExtractNumbers(recog1, boxa1, 0.75, -1, &baa, &naa);
pixa1 = showExtractNumbers(pix1, sa, baa, naa, &pix3);
pix2 = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixa1, 32, 600, 1.0, 0, 20, 2);
pixDisplay(pix2, 0, 1000);
pixDisplay(pix3, 600, 1000);
pixWrite("/tmp/lept/recog/extract.png", pix3, IFF_PNG);
pixDestroy(&pix1);
pixDestroy(&pix2);
pixDestroy(&pix3);
pixaDestroy(&pixa1);
sarrayDestroy(&sa);
boxaDestroy(&boxa1);
boxaaDestroy(&baa);
numaaDestroy(&naa);
recogDestroy(&recog1);
return 0;
}
```
|
California is the seventh studio album by American rock band Blink-182, released on July 1, 2016 through BMG as the band's only album on the label. Produced by John Feldmann, it is the first of two albums by the band to feature Alkaline Trio frontman Matt Skiba, who replaced former member Tom DeLonge. After touring and releasing the band's sixth album, Neighborhoods (2011), it became difficult for the trio to record new material due to DeLonge's other projects. After disagreements, the remaining members of the group—vocalist/bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Travis Barker—sought separation from DeLonge and recruited Skiba in his place.
California was recorded at Foxy Studios between January and March 2016 with Feldmann. He was the group's first new lone producer since longtime collaborator Jerry Finn. Prior to his involvement, the trio began writing together in September 2015 and completed dozens of songs. They decided to shelve them upon working with Feldmann to start fresh, and they proceeded to record another 28 songs; in all, the group recorded upwards of 50. The band, as well as Feldmann, would regularly spend 18 hours in the studio a day, aiming to start and complete multiple songs in that timeframe. The album's title comes from the band's home state of California, and its artwork was illustrated by the street artist D*Face.
The album debuted at number one in the US and several other countries, and was the group's first domestic chart-topper in 15 years, and first ever in the UK. It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Album; the band's first. Its first two singles, "Bored to Death" and "She's Out of Her Mind", charted well on Billboard Alternative Songs chart. California received mixed reviews from music critics, with some praising the band's return to their classic sound and others criticizing the length of the album as well as Feldmann's input and production. The band supported the album with a large headlining tour in North America and Europe. A deluxe edition of the album, containing eleven new songs, was released in May 2017.
Background
After reforming in early 2009, Blink-182 toured worldwide, and released its sixth studio album, Neighborhoods in 2011. The band members recorded the majority of the album on their own in different studios, an extension of their pre-break-up miscommunication. They parted ways with their record label, Interscope in 2012, later self-releasing an extended play, Dogs Eating Dogs, that holiday season. Plans for a seventh Blink-182 album were delayed numerous times, reportedly due to guitarist Tom DeLonge's involvement in his other group, Angels & Airwaves, as well as other projects. In the interim, the band mounted an anniversary tour for its self-titled fifth album, and headlined the Reading and Leeds festivals. By the time DeLonge spoke to Rock Sound in November 2014, there was still little work completed on the album: "We're just getting to that point of starting ... there's no timeline at the moment." By the time a record deal was finalized one month later, DeLonge backed out of recording and performing commitments by email—which led bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Travis Barker to seek legal separation from him in what Hoppus described as a "friendly divorce".
Hoppus soon revealed that it was "a very, very difficult struggle" to corral DeLonge into working with the group, while Barker asserted that DeLonge's behavior was motivated by money. He also claimed that he quit the band more than once prior to the group's separation. DeLonge countered these accusations by arguing that he was being forced to drop his other projects, calling their actions "defensive and divisive." As he continued to pursue said projects—including a solo album composed of purported Blink-182 demos, To the Stars... Demos, Odds and Ends—he related to the press that he was "totally willing and interested in playing with those guys again." Meanwhile, Blink-182 performed two club shows and a slot at the Musink Tattoo Convention & Music Festival in March 2015 with Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba filling in for DeLonge. Barker and Hoppus met with Skiba over a lunch to discuss filling in for DeLonge and began rehearsals with the group. After the shows, Skiba returned to Alkaline Trio for a string of dates and also released Kuts, an album from his other band, The Sekrets. After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba rejoined Blink-182 as an official member, and the trio began preparations for new music in August 2015. The trio initially began writing together for the first time at Barker's studio, Opra Music in North Hollywood, in September 2015. The group wrote and recorded demos for upwards of 30–40 songs.
Recording and production
California was produced by John Feldmann and recorded at his studio, Foxy Studios, in Woodland Hills, California between January and March 2016. Feldmann, initially the frontman of the band Goldfinger, became better known for his production work with artists such as 5 Seconds of Summer and All Time Low. Barker was the first to reach out to Feldmann about producing, as the two were good friends. He had known the members of Blink-182 for over two decades, as the group had previously performed shows with Goldfinger. He is the first new producer to work with Blink-182 since the death of the band's longtime producer, Jerry Finn, who last worked with the band in 2003. Feldmann "worshipped" Finn and his approach to producing. "I never thought there'd be anybody that could come even close to replacing Jerry, and John is really the closest that we've come to someone who could fill that capacity," said Hoppus.
The group initially invited Feldmann to hear its demos, and he suggested that the band regroup at his studio the next day to make a fresh start. The next day, the group wrote three songs, including the lead single "Bored to Death". As the band continued to write and record, the trio chose to shelve their earlier recordings and proceeded to write 28 songs in a period of 3–4 weeks. Half of these songs were chosen to be put on the finalized album, in addition to two joke songs. Barker fought for all 28 songs to be on the album, as he felt fans had waited long enough for more new music. The trio, as well as Feldmann, regularly stayed in the studio for up to 18 hours a day. The band members would arrive at the studio with no plan for what to work on for the day. They would then write several songs in only a few hours, aiming to complete them by the end of the night. Feldmann asked the members to consider what Blink-182, as a group, are all about, to inspire the songwriting. He would encourage the musicians to write with speed, which Hoppus admitted could be frustrating. "John was like, 'Okay: We've got the song structure. Write lyrics. Go in there and sing it. Go in there and sing it.' Sometimes, I was like, 'I'm not ready to sing!' (and Feldmann would reply) 'No. Go write something great right now!'" Barker was more supportive of this method based on his work with the Transplants, which had a similar speedy approach. "I always feel like your first instinct is your best," Barker remarked.
Feldmann felt it was a challenge to work with a new version of Blink-182 while both keeping its legacy and moving the group into a new territory. Feldmann's "agenda was to have an album that was palatable for a generation of ADD kids." The band members and Feldmann felt a breakthrough in direction with the song "Cynical", which they immediately chose as the opening song on the album. According to Hoppus, the band recorded a total of nearly 50 songs. By mid-February, the album was "70–80%" complete, according to Barker, and work was reportedly completed in early March 2016. By the end of March, the group were still narrowing down the songs that would be present on the album. The trio posted their progress via their respective social media accounts during the recording, in the form of Snapchat and Instagram clips. All parties seemed satisfied with the record. While recording, Barker told an interviewer that "It's honestly the best material we've written or put out in years. I haven't been excited about a Blink album like this in a long time." Feldmann commented, "I'm just so excited to have people hear it. I'd say it's one of the best records I've ever made in my life."
Composition
Hoppus considered the music on the album wide-ranging, commenting, "We tried to capture the energy and not worry so much about all the knobs." This includes songs he felt sounded like the group circa 1999, "super-fast late-Nineties-punk-rock-sounding songs," as well as more progressive songs "that are like nothing we have ever done before." Overall, he considered the record "really rich with sing-along melodies and sing-along choruses," which was what he preferred most when listening to bands. Feldmann considered the music not a "huge departure" from the band's usual sound, as hoped to make a "classic Blink record." To familiarize himself, he listened to all of the band's catalogue prior to recording. Lisa Worden, music director at Los Angeles radio station KROQ, compared its sound to the second Blink-182 album, Dude Ranch, and commented, "It sounds like Blink but it's not anything that we've heard before. For fans of the band, they're going to be super happy with it." Critics described the album categorically as alternative rock, pop-punk, and punk rock.
Hoppus considered his lyrical content relatively similar to the group's prior releases: "The topics are universal. There is a lot of angst that could be teen angst or it could be angst of everyday life. I still have the same emotions I had 20 years ago – I get frustrated or I get excited. I still feel like I'm falling in love with my wife." Hoppus considered common topics he wrote about to be "miscommunication, loss of identity and questioning of identity which is a process we went through just by being in the studio, writing a new Blink record and having a new iteration of Blink." Though in the past he preferred to ruminate on his lyrics for days on end, Feldmann's speedy process gave Hoppus little time to process them. Despite this, he felt he wrote "some of the best lyrics I've written in a long time for this record, because I didn't have a chance to go and overthink things." Hoppus's self-doubt on his own creative process is referenced in the opening lyrics of "Cynical". "I start every song with this fear, thinking I'm never going to write another good song," he told Upset. Skiba said that at the time of writing the album, he and Hoppus were both reading books such as Dead Wake, Blood Meridian, and The Revenant, and he felt the prose impacted their lyrics: "there were a lot of rushing rivers and the whole idea of using metaphors to describe loneliness, just like settler, Native American and Southern Gothic influence of literature, that was kind of our rhyming dictionary."
Songs
"Cynical" was proposed by Feldmann as a faster song, reminiscent of the band's past work. Hoppus wrote the song about "thinking the world is in a cynical place," but also as a mission statement as a new version of Blink-182. "Bored to Death" was the first song the band recorded with Feldmann on the group's first day of work with him. "She's Out of Her Mind" namedrops the post-punk band Bauhaus in the words. It was the result of multiple rewrites, with each draft attempting to perfect the chorus preceding it. Hoppus called it a "simple love song." "Los Angeles" was meant to show a heavier, more "experimental" version of the band. The song is centered on the band's adopted hometown; its lyrics reference the demolition of the Sixth Street Bridge in LA. Hoppus described "Sober" as "about rebuilding [and] finding yourself, and knowing that you're in a troubled place but striving to get to somewhere better." Its subject matter is based around two experiences: one when Skiba was a bicycle messenger in Chicago and was struck by a car, and another a fictional story of a "drunken night with a girlfriend". Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy collaborated with the band, his initial idea being "what could Blink be on modern rock radio in 2016?" "Built This Pool" is a short joke song with homoerotic lyrics. The audible "is that really it?" heard at the end of the song was a genuine reaction from Barker.
"No Future" was nearly cut from the record. It was inspired by punk rock history, as many songs—for example, the Sex Pistols' "God Save the Queen"—contain a "no future" lyric. "Home Is Such a Lonely Place" is a ballad with "clean arpeggiated finger-picking guitars with strings underneath it." Its lyrics are themed around lost love; it emerged from an early-morning coffee meeting between Hoppus and Feldmann, who both imagined how lonely their homes would be when their children grow up and move away. "Kings of the Weekend" was also nearly moved off the final track listing, but kept because of its recognizable guitar riff. Feldmann described it as "the party song. We've all had day jobs and we all know what it's like to have that day off to do what we want." "Teenage Satellites" is based around "being a kid and not knowing who you are, not having enough courage to say what you mean." It was the last song recorded for the album, and it was at first written without a hook or melody in mind. "Left Alone" made the album cut because the band liked Skiba's vocal performance. "Rabbit Hole" was one of Hoppus' favorites, and revolves around "standing your ground and not falling for people's nonsense."
"San Diego" is centered on the band's original hometown and on a deeper level, relationships with the group's former bandmate, Tom DeLonge. According to Feldmann, it was a song Hoppus did not want to write. "There's clearly a lot of feelings involved with having a best friend who is not in your band anymore," Feldmann said. For him, the song "acts as a bittersweet homage, a goodbye to this city ... while acknowledging the interpersonal relationships within the band." Stump also collaborated in the writing process for "San Diego". "The Only Thing That Matters" originally began as a cowpunk-infused number until Hoppus re-wrote it. "California" is about "giving credit to how lucky we are to have lived here and grown up" in California. "Brohemian Rhapsody"—its title a pun on Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody"—is another joke song with the sole lyric "There's something about you I can't quite put my finger in." Hoppus and Feldmann wrote and recorded the song in nine minutes.
Artwork and title
The album's artwork was created by English street artist D*Face. Barker was a fan of his work, having bought many of his pieces at his galleries in the past. According to D*Face, the trio "wanted the artwork to represent California, but with a subversive side to show that it's not always great and there's always something under the surface, in the underbelly." The artist was particularly busy, and employed pre-existing but unfinished illustration for the album cover. He also offered two alternate pieces that were rejected, but later posted on NME website. Skiba and Barker were pleased, but Hoppus was not as immediately receptive, according to the artist. While he did not admit to being a fan of the group, D*Face was happy with the commission, commenting, "To have a band with such a great legacy and talent like Blink ask to work with you is a great honour and privilege."
The title California is representative of the band's home state, and was picked after the band members realized that they had written multiple songs relating to its cities and culture. The title was also inspired by the season and Feldmann's studio: "It was a perfect California winter, and it was sunny and hot every single day. John's studio, it's basically indoor-outdoor with palm trees everywhere." Though he refrained from dubbing it a concept album, Skiba considered the songs linked thematically: "big and bright and huge and dark and twisted, everything that California is." "The title of this album was one of the most difficult things I've done in my entire life," said Hoppus. Alternate titles for the album included No Future, which was dropped because it seemed too negative, and the joke titles OB-GYN Kenobi, Nude Erection, and No Hard Feelings. D*Face also reported that the titles Los Angeles and Riot were nearly used.
Release
California was announced alongside the lead single, "Bored to Death", on Los Angeles radio station KROQ on April 27, 2016. A music video, directed by Rob Soucy, was released on June 20. The group released an additional three songs—"Built This Pool" on May 5, "Rabbit Hole" on June 8, and "No Future" on June 23—and also performed "Brohemian Rhapsody" in live concerts prior to the album's release. California was released on July 1. The date is typically the 182nd day of the year, but due to it being a leap year, it was the 183rd. "She's Out of Her Mind" was announced as the second official single on August 1, 2016 and sent to radio October 11. "Home Is Such a Lonely Place" was sent to alternative radio as the third official single April 18, 2017.
California was the band's first and only release through independent service BMG Rights Management, and was among BMG's first releases through its distribution deal with the Alternative Distribution Alliance. The album was initially slated to be self-released, but they decided to work with BMG when that label acquired Vagrant Records. Vagrant had a promotional team that, according to Blink's manager Lawrence Varra, understood the culture surrounding the band and genre. The deal allowed the band and its management to be in near-complete control of the release and promotion of California. "We didn't have to listen to a major label spend the money they wanted to spend, [and] we'd just spend it ourselves the way we wanted to," said Varra. Rather than "window" the album — an industry term for its release being exclusively physical for a period of time — the team chose to release California as wide as possible. "We wanted the music to be accessible to the younger kids who listen to it on YouTube and Spotify and different places," he said. In addition, they employed ticketing tiers for the California Tour, making it possible for hardcore fans to obtain the best seats, but also allowing it to be affordable for more casual fans.
In December 2016, the band revealed they were in the process of recording more material for a deluxe edition re-release of the album. "It's a double album at this point and it's more of an extension of what we did in the studio earlier. Some of the songs were songs that we did not put on the first album, but are great songs. And some are brand new that we just wrote last week," Hoppus said to Billboard. On February 28, 2017, Hoppus replied to a message on Twitter in regards of the deluxe edition, stating that it is set to release on May 19, 2017. On March 16, 2017, "Parking Lot" was released as the first song from the deluxe edition.
Critical reception
California has received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 63 out of 100, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" based on seventeen reviews. AllMusic's Neil Z. Yeung dubbed the record "their best in 15 years," considering it "a return to form and an admirable maturation of the band's classic pop-punk sound ... It's not a desperate grasp at youth and faded glory, but rather a reflective look back and an expert execution of what they do best." Gav Lloyd from Rock Sound wrote that "Blink-182 have delivered an album that recalls everything that makes this band great and gives it all a fresh twist, the end result is California being amongst the best albums they've ever produced." NME Charlotte Gunn felt California "has the humour, pace, emotion and huge choruses of a classic Blink record." Evan Lucy at Alternative Press felt it "upbeat, hooky and, above anything else, a total blast." Exclaim!s Josiah Hughes was more critical, calling it "uneven and disjointed" and "hard to take in as one larger whole".
Jon Dolan of Rolling Stone considered it the band's catchiest music since their heyday, summarizing, "At its best, California shows Blink trying new ways to freshen up yesterday's racket." Jon Caramanica at The New York Times found it "pleasantly familiar if not especially imaginative ... the album [is] full of songs that have achieved their purpose by the halfway mark." Andrew Unterberger of Spin felt DeLonge's presence was missed, describing it as "fine, fun, and overall kinda meh." Aidan Reynolds from Drowned in Sound noted "California sounds like the work of a band filled with the joy of existence, giving in to every pop indulgence or production trick that could stuff in one more hook before the end. There are pick-scrapes and 'whoah-oh' backing vocals EVERYWHERE, and even the dumb, seconds-long throwaway tracks have their own charm."
A number of reviewers found the album overly long, while others felt Feldmann was too much of an influence. Mike Damante at the Houston Chronicle said "Feldmann's style is all over the record, as most tracks sound too formulaic, similar and run together. Other tracks are way too commercial, even for a band the size of blink. ... California is ultimately a step back, rather than a throwback." David Anthony from The A.V. Club gave the album a C−, commenting, "California is the sound of Blink-182 desperately trying to remain relevant by outsourcing its creativity. [It] is another homogenous addition to Feldmann's growing résumé. But this time he unintentionally removed the soul of pop-punk's clown princes in the process." Nina Corcoran from Consequence of Sound was similarly negative: "When not cranking the compression on the vocals, Feldmann ruins other songs with nonstop gimmicks: the piano interludes, the stiffened handclaps, the sappy title track." Gwilym Mumford of the Guardian, focusing on the album's turbulent history regarding the departure of DeLonge, deemed the album "a tired – and tiring – work."
Accolades
At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, Blink-182 were nominated for the award for Best Rock Album. California lost to Cage the Elephant's Tell Me I'm Pretty.
Commercial performance
California debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, moving 186,000 equivalent album units; it sold 172,000 copies in its first week, with the remainder of its unit total reflecting the album's streaming activity and track sales. It marked the band's second number one album and first in over 15 years, when Take Off Your Pants and Jacket debuted at number one in 2001. It also knocked Drake's Views from the summit after having spent nine weeks at the top. The album became the band's first to top the charts in the United Kingdom, selling 24,000 copies in its debut week. The album also managed to reach higher chart positions worldwide than its predecessor Neighborhoods and outsold both its first-week and total sales in the US. As of December 2016, California has sold 408,000 units in the United States; making it the ninth best selling rock album of 2016. The album re-entered the Billboard 200 at number 17 in the week of the deluxe edition release.
Touring
Following the band's first performances with Skiba in 2015, Barker alluded to a potential tour with rock group A Day to Remember. Performances promoting California began on May 14, 2016 with the group's surprise appearance at KROQ Weenie Roast in Irvine, California. Prior to the main headlining tour, the group embarked on the We Are Pirates Tour, performing at several festivals and amphitheaters between May and July 2016. The festivals included X Games Austin 2016, Firefly Music Festival, Big Field Day, Amnesia Rockfest, and Kerfuffle 2016. Hoppus and Skiba also performed several acoustic sets in England in June 2016. The main tour behind California began on July 21 in San Diego and its North American leg concluded on October 7 in Irvine. The trek was supported by A Day to Remember, as well as the All-American Rejects, All Time Low, and DJ Spider. Afterwards, the group again performed acoustic sets in the U.K., and also performed at various festivals and events, including Not So Silent Night, Holiday Havoc, Wrex the Halls, and KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas. The band also played the AT&T Developer Summit and the Phoenix Open in early 2017.
A second U.S. leg began in March 2017, with support from the Naked and Famous and Wavves. The band embarked on a European tour between June and July 2017, including spots at the Nova Rock Festival, the I-Days Festival, Hurricane Festival and Southside Festival, Roskilde Festival, and the Download Festival. Frank Turner and the Sleeping Souls and the Front Bottoms opened for the group for much of the tour. The California Tour grossed more than $28.9 million from its first U.S. leg, with a total attendance of 745,395. The tour concluded in late 2017 with spots at Lollapalooza, and the Life is Beautiful festival.
Legacy
California marked a moment for the group, a reintroduction to generations of new fans while establishing their new lineup. Music critic Kelefa Sanneh characterized the album as "a big-budget reboot of a beloved franchise." The three were uncertain regarding fan response to Skiba replacing DeLonge; indeed, Skiba later described stepping into the role as something of an "identity crisis". A hit album for the trio was not guaranteed: "I was speculative leading up, and nervous. This record could have gone either way," said Jon Cohen, EVP of recorded music for BMG. The positive response to California was enveloping to the three: "As long as Blink has been around and with all the drama we [had] a number one album, we [had] the biggest tour of our career and we [had] a Grammy nomination," Hoppus said. In addition, the band's ascendance to the top of the charts signaled a larger cultural moment surrounding pop-punk music. During the release cycle for the LP, the band were name-dropped in the song "Closer" from EDM duo the Chainsmokers, which became a huge global hit. "All different kinds of musicians were talking about growing up listening to Blink, and we released California in the midst of all that," Barker remembered.
The band later made one more album with Skiba, Nine (2019), which built on their partnership with Feldmann and utilized additional outside songwriters. In the early 2020s, the band reunited with DeLonge for a new album and world tour, putting the interim Skiba era to an end. However, the band's success with California remained a vital part of the band's story: DeLonge not only performed "Bored to Death", but also album opener "Cynical" on the band's ensuing world tour.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.Blink-182Mark Hoppus – vocals, bass guitar
Travis Barker – drums, percussion
Matt Skiba – vocals, guitarsAdditional musiciansAlabama Barker – piano on "She's Out of Her Mind"
Jack Hoppus – additional vocals
Simon Wilcox – additional vocals on "Bottom of the Ocean", guitars
DJ Spider – turntablesDesignD*Face – artwork
Elyn Kazarian – layout
Randall Leddy – layoutProduction'
John Feldmann – producer
Zakk Cervini – additional production, recording engineer, mixing engineer
Matt Pauling – additional production, recording engineer
Neal Avron – mixing
Dan Lancaster – mixing
Ben Grosse – mixing
Ted Jensen – mastering engineer
Allie Snow – assistant
Brian Burnham – assistant
Cody Okonski – assistant
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
Sources: Amazon.com and Twitter
References
External links
2016 albums
Albums produced by John Feldmann
Blink-182 albums
BMG Rights Management albums
|
Sonia Arredondo (born 6 November 1947) is a Mexican fencer. She competed in the women's team foil event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
Mexican female foil fencers
Olympic fencers for Mexico
Fencers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Monterrey
|
```java
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.thingsboard.server.msa.prototypes;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import org.testcontainers.shaded.org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
import org.thingsboard.common.util.JacksonUtil;
import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.Device;
public class DevicePrototypes {
public static Device defaultDevicePrototype(String name){
Device device = new Device();
device.setName(name + RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(7));
device.setType("DEFAULT");
return device;
}
public static Device defaultGatewayPrototype() {
String isGateway = "{\"gateway\":true}";
JsonNode additionalInfo = JacksonUtil.toJsonNode(isGateway);
Device gatewayDeviceTemplate = new Device();
gatewayDeviceTemplate.setName("mqtt_gateway_" + RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(5));
gatewayDeviceTemplate.setType("gateway");
gatewayDeviceTemplate.setAdditionalInfo(additionalInfo);
return gatewayDeviceTemplate;
}
}
```
|
```objective-c
#ifndef UTILS_BIT_UTILS_H_
#define UTILS_BIT_UTILS_H_
#include <cassert>
namespace utils {
#define GETBIT(n, i) ((n >> i) & 1UL)
#define SETBIT(n, i) n = (n | (1UL << i))
#define CLRBIT(n, i) n = (n & ~(1UL << i))
#define BITS2BLOCKS(bits) \
(((bits) % 64 == 0) ? ((bits) / 64) : (((bits) / 64) + 1))
#define GETBITVAL(data, i) GETBIT((data)[(i) / 64], (i) % 64)
#define SETBITVAL(data, i) SETBIT((data)[(i) / 64], (i) % 64)
#define CLRBITVAL(data, i) CLRBIT((data)[(i) / 64], (i) % 64)
const uint64_t all_set = static_cast<const uint64_t>(-1ULL);
constexpr uint64_t high_bits_set[65] = {0x0000000000000000ULL,
0x8000000000000000ULL, 0xC000000000000000ULL, 0xE000000000000000ULL,
0xF000000000000000ULL, 0xF800000000000000ULL, 0xFC00000000000000ULL,
0xFE00000000000000ULL, 0xFF00000000000000ULL, 0xFF80000000000000ULL,
0xFFC0000000000000ULL, 0xFFE0000000000000ULL, 0xFFF0000000000000ULL,
0xFFF8000000000000ULL, 0xFFFC000000000000ULL, 0xFFFE000000000000ULL,
0xFFFF000000000000ULL, 0xFFFF800000000000ULL, 0xFFFFC00000000000ULL,
0xFFFFE00000000000ULL, 0xFFFFF00000000000ULL, 0xFFFFF80000000000ULL,
0xFFFFFC0000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFE0000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFF0000000000ULL,
0xFFFFFF8000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFC000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFE000000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFF000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFF800000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFC00000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFE00000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFF80000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFC0000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFE0000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFF0000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFF8000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFC000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFE000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFF000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFF800000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFC00000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFF00000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFF80000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFC0000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFE0000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFF8000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFC000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF800ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFC00ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFE00ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF80ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC0ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF8ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFCULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL};
constexpr uint64_t high_bits_unset[65] = {0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x07FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x03FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x01FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x007FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x003FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x001FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0007FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0003FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0001FFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00007FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00003FFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x00001FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000007FFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x000003FFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000001FFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000000FFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0000007FFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000003FFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000001FFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0000000FFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000007FFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000003FFFFFFFFULL,
0x00000001FFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL, 0x000000007FFFFFFFULL,
0x000000003FFFFFFFULL, 0x000000001FFFFFFFULL, 0x000000000FFFFFFFULL,
0x0000000007FFFFFFULL, 0x0000000003FFFFFFULL, 0x0000000001FFFFFFULL,
0x0000000000FFFFFFULL, 0x00000000007FFFFFULL, 0x00000000003FFFFFULL,
0x00000000001FFFFFULL, 0x00000000000FFFFFULL, 0x000000000007FFFFULL,
0x000000000003FFFFULL, 0x000000000001FFFFULL, 0x000000000000FFFFULL,
0x0000000000007FFFULL, 0x0000000000003FFFULL, 0x0000000000001FFFULL,
0x0000000000000FFFULL, 0x00000000000007FFULL, 0x00000000000003FFULL,
0x00000000000001FFULL, 0x00000000000000FFULL, 0x000000000000007FULL,
0x000000000000003FULL, 0x000000000000001FULL, 0x000000000000000FULL,
0x0000000000000007ULL, 0x0000000000000003ULL, 0x0000000000000001ULL,
0x0000000000000000ULL};
constexpr uint64_t low_bits_set[65] = {0x0000000000000000ULL,
0x0000000000000001ULL, 0x0000000000000003ULL, 0x0000000000000007ULL,
0x000000000000000FULL, 0x000000000000001FULL, 0x000000000000003FULL,
0x000000000000007FULL, 0x00000000000000FFULL, 0x00000000000001FFULL,
0x00000000000003FFULL, 0x00000000000007FFULL, 0x0000000000000FFFULL,
0x0000000000001FFFULL, 0x0000000000003FFFULL, 0x0000000000007FFFULL,
0x000000000000FFFFULL, 0x000000000001FFFFULL, 0x000000000003FFFFULL,
0x000000000007FFFFULL, 0x00000000000FFFFFULL, 0x00000000001FFFFFULL,
0x00000000003FFFFFULL, 0x00000000007FFFFFULL, 0x0000000000FFFFFFULL,
0x0000000001FFFFFFULL, 0x0000000003FFFFFFULL, 0x0000000007FFFFFFULL,
0x000000000FFFFFFFULL, 0x000000001FFFFFFFULL, 0x000000003FFFFFFFULL,
0x000000007FFFFFFFULL, 0x00000000FFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000001FFFFFFFFULL,
0x00000003FFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000007FFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000000FFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0000001FFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000003FFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000007FFFFFFFFFULL,
0x000000FFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000001FFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x000003FFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x000007FFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00000FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00001FFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x00003FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00007FFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x0001FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0003FFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0007FFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x001FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x003FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x007FFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x01FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x03FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x07FFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL};
constexpr uint64_t low_bits_unset[65] = {0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFCULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF8ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE0ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC0ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF80ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF00ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFE00ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFC00ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF800ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFC000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF8000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFF0000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFE0000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFC0000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFF80000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFF00000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFFE00000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFFC00000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFF800000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFF000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFFE000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFFC000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFF8000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFFF0000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFE0000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFFC0000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFF80000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFF00000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFFE00000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFFC00000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFF800000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFF000000000ULL,
0xFFFFFFE000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFFC000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFF8000000000ULL,
0xFFFFFF0000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFE0000000000ULL, 0xFFFFFC0000000000ULL,
0xFFFFF80000000000ULL, 0xFFFFF00000000000ULL, 0xFFFFE00000000000ULL,
0xFFFFC00000000000ULL, 0xFFFF800000000000ULL, 0xFFFF000000000000ULL,
0xFFFE000000000000ULL, 0xFFFC000000000000ULL, 0xFFF8000000000000ULL,
0xFFF0000000000000ULL, 0xFFE0000000000000ULL, 0xFFC0000000000000ULL,
0xFF80000000000000ULL, 0xFF00000000000000ULL, 0xFE00000000000000ULL,
0xFC00000000000000ULL, 0xF800000000000000ULL, 0xF000000000000000ULL,
0xE000000000000000ULL, 0xC000000000000000ULL, 0x8000000000000000ULL,
0x0000000000000000ULL};
class bit_utils {
public:
static inline uint32_t highest_bit(uint64_t x) {
uint32_t y = 0;
#ifdef BSR
asm ( "\tbsr %1, %0\n"
: "=r"(y)
: "r" (x)
);
#else
while (x >>= 1)
++y;
#endif
return y;
}
static inline bool get_bit(uint64_t n, uint64_t i) {
return static_cast<bool>((n >> i) & UINT64_C(1));
}
static inline uint64_t set_bit(uint64_t n, uint64_t i) {
return n | (UINT64_C(1) << i);
}
static inline uint64_t set_bits(uint64_t n, uint64_t i, uint64_t cnt) {
assert(i + cnt < 65);
return n | (low_bits_unset[i] & low_bits_set[i + cnt]);
}
static inline uint64_t clear_bit(uint64_t n, uint64_t i) {
return n & ~(UINT64_C(1) << i);
}
static inline bool is_power_of_2(uint64_t n) {
return (n != 0) && ((n & (n - 1)) == 0);
}
static inline uint32_t bit_width(uint64_t n) {
return highest_bit(n) + 1;
}
static inline uint8_t popcount_64(uint64_t n) {
return __builtin_popcountll(n);
}
static inline uint16_t popcount_512(uint64_t *data) {
return __builtin_popcountll(*data) + __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 1))
+ __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 2)) + __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 3))
+ __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 4)) + __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 5))
+ __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 6)) + __builtin_popcountll(*(data + 7));
}
};
}
#endif /* UTILS_BIT_UTILS_H_ */
```
|
Turris fernandoensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.
Description
Average measurements of the shell: 21 x 9.0 mm.
(Original description) The small fusiform shell has a high spire, equal in height to the aperture. It contains five whorls, roundly angulated. The suture follows the line of angulation of preceding whorl. The posterior canal on upper slope of body whorl is prominent, wide, triangular with an angle of 135 between sides. The lower part of the body whorl and the siphonal canal are ornamented by faint spiral lines which may have been worn off of rest of whorl. The aperture is narrow. The outer lip is broken. The columella is simple;. The straight siphonal canal has a medium length.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata in California, USA (5.332 to 3.6 Ma).
References
fernandoensis
Gastropods described in 1914
|
The Ceraceosorales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. It is a monotypic order, consisting of a single family, the Ceraceosoraceae, which in turn contain a single monotypic genus, Ceraceosorus. C. bombacis is a fungus that infects the tree Bombax ceiba in India. This economically important tree is used as an ornamental tree. Ceraceosorales was circumscribed in 2006; the family Ceraceosoraceae was validated in 2009. C. bombacis was originally described as Dicellomyces bombacis in 1973, but B.K. Bakshi transferred it to the newly described Ceraceosorus three years later.
References
External links
Ustilaginomycotina
Monotypic fungus taxa
Taxa described in 2006
|
New Port is a north-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield.
History
In 2004, Premier of South Australia Mike Rann, announced the commencement of a major redevelopment of the Port Adelaide waterfront. With an estimated budget of $1.2 billion, the Newport Quays development was to include 2000 homes across six different precincts. At completion, the development was proposed to also include cafes, museums, public parks and various commercial properties. In 2007, the suburb of New Port was created from parts of the suburbs of Birkenhead, Ethelton, Glanville and Semaphore Park. The name "Newport Quays" had been requested but this was not supported by the relevant government authority. On 6 August 2009, the eastern boundary of the suburb was extended in part to the centre-line of the Port River.
By 2007, stage one of Newport Quays was complete, with stage two construction well underway. Ambitious new plans for stage three of the development were revealed in September 2007, including an apartment building constructed over the Port River. However, these plans never eventuated, and the New Port Quays development had ultimately been stalled.
Newport Quays received a lot of criticism from the local community for being unsympathetic to the local area and destroying local heritage. A state government established committee found many issues with plans for development stage 2B, including lack of open space, and exceeding of permitted building heights. In 2008, residents in New Port raised concerns that the new development was a "ghost town". The local council estimated that less than half of finished properties were occupied. Similarly, investors launched legal action as the resale value of properties in the developments had significantly dropped below the initial cost. No new developments took place in New Port following stage two. In 2011, Premier, Jay Weatherill officially cancelled the Newport Quays project. The state government was accused of shelving the project to win voters in a local by-election. The government indicated that it instead had planned to develop a new masterplan for the remaining vacant sites of the Newport Quays development.
Fletcher's Slip Development
Following eight years of stalled development, Renewal SA announced that the remaining land in New Port would be developed by Cedar Woods Properties. Under the proposal, Cedar Woods will construct up to 500 new townhomes and apartments across the north-west corner of New Port adjacent to Glanville railway station, and Fletcher's Slip, on the site of the former Holden factory.
Much like it's predecessor, the Fletcher's Slip development has not been without criticism. Members of the local community accused Cedar Woods of destroying local heritage that they had previously indicated would remain part of the development. A dilapitated warehouse on the north-west of the site, referred to as Shed 26, was demolished in 2019 after an extended protest campaign.
In July 2022, the first new residents moved into the first stage of the Fletcher's Slip development.
Geography
New Port is primarily bound by the Port River and the Outer Harbor railway line. The northern side of the suburb is bound by Semaphore Road and Nelson Street.
Demographics
The 2021 Australian census, by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, reported 647 persons in New Port on census night. Of these, 52.4% were male and 47.6% were female.
The majority of residents (66%) are of Australian birth, with other common census responses being England (9.4%), Malaysia (1.9%), New Zealand (1.7%), Vietnam (1.4%), and Northern Ireland (1.1%). Additionally, people of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent made up 0.8% of the suburb.
Politics
Local government
New Port is part of the Port Adelaide ward in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield local government area. The Port Adelaide ward is represented by Joost den Hartog and Steve Vines.
State and federal government
New Port is located in the federal division of Hindmarsh, and represented by Mark Butler. The suburb is also located in the state electoral district of Port Adelaide, which is represented by Susan Close.
Facilities
New Port is served by Lefevre Peninsula Primary School in nearby Birkenhead, and Lefevre High School in Semaphore South. In addition, Portside Christian College lies on the southern boundary of New Port, which enrols students from Kindergarten through to Year 12.
Supermarkets and other stores are available in the nearby suburbs of Port Adelaide and Semaphore.
Transport
Roads
New Port is serviced by Causeway Road to the west, and Semaphore Road to the north. No major roadways pass through the suburb itself.
Public Transport
New Port is well serviced by public transport, with both bus and train services nearby.
Bus
Adelaide Metro bus route 333 runs from Glanville Interchange in the morning and afternoon on weekdays, with services to Port Adelaide and North Haven.
Train
New Port lies on the boundary of the Outer Harbor line, and is serviced by two railway stations. Ethelton railway station lies adjacent to Karra Cove, whilst Glanville railway station lies adjacent to Torrens Avenue in the Fletcher's Slip development. Select services run express to Adelaide from Port Adelaide in the morning peak.
References
Suburbs of Adelaide
Lefevre Peninsula
|
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package io.camunda.zeebe.client.impl;
import io.camunda.zeebe.client.CredentialsProvider.StatusCode;
import io.camunda.zeebe.client.api.command.ClientException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
class RetriableClientFutureImplTest {
public static final Predicate<StatusCode> SHOULD_RETRY_ALWAYS = ignore -> true;
@Test
void shouldNotRetryOnNext() {
// given
final RetriableClientFutureImpl<Object, Object> future =
new RetriableClientFutureImpl<>(
// even when instructed to retry
SHOULD_RETRY_ALWAYS,
ignore ->
// then
Assertions.fail("Expect to not retry"));
// when
future.onNext(null);
}
@Test
void shouldRetryOnError() {
// given
final AtomicBoolean isRetried = new AtomicBoolean(false);
final RetriableClientFutureImpl<Object, Object> future =
new RetriableClientFutureImpl<>(
SHOULD_RETRY_ALWAYS,
observer -> {
isRetried.set(true);
observer.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred again"));
});
// when
future.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred"));
// then
Assertions.assertThat(isRetried).isTrue();
}
@Test
void shouldRetryOnErrorOnlyTwice() {
// given
final AtomicInteger numberOfRetries = new AtomicInteger(0);
final RetriableClientFutureImpl<Object, Object> future =
new RetriableClientFutureImpl<>(
// even when instructed to always retry
SHOULD_RETRY_ALWAYS,
observer -> {
numberOfRetries.incrementAndGet();
observer.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred again"));
});
// when
future.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred"));
// then
Assertions.assertThat(numberOfRetries.get())
.describedAs("Expected to retry twice")
.isEqualTo(2);
}
@Test
void shouldRetryOnErrorOnlyWhenRetryPrecidateTestsTrue() {
// given
final AtomicInteger numberOfRetries = new AtomicInteger(0);
final RetriableClientFutureImpl<Object, Object> future =
new RetriableClientFutureImpl<>(
// when instructed to retry only once
ignore -> numberOfRetries.get() < 1,
observer -> {
numberOfRetries.incrementAndGet();
observer.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred again"));
});
// when
future.onError(new ClientException("An error occurred"));
// then
Assertions.assertThat(numberOfRetries.get())
.describedAs("Expected to retry only once")
.isEqualTo(1);
}
}
```
|
Luyatrechus cuelapensis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Luyatrechus. There are currently 0 confirmed observations of Luyatrechus.
References
Trechinae
|
Vincent Maximillian Tancred (7 July 1875 – 3 June 1904) was a cricketer who played in one Test in 1899.
Born into a cricketing family in Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony, Tancred, along with his brothers Bernard and Louis, showed cricketing talent from a young age and began playing for the Pretoria based Union Club while pursuing a legal career. Under the coaching of Albert Trott, Tancred developed into one of the best cricketers in the country, making his first-class debut on 7 March 1898 for Abe Bailey's Transvaal XI against Natal, scoring 57 and 4*. Tancred was second in the first-class batting averages for the 1897/98 season.
Tancred made his Test debut for South Africa at Johannesburg in the first Test of the 1898/99 series against England. Opening the batting, Tancred scored 18 and seven and was dropped for the second Test.
Tancred worked as secretary of the Pretoria Club until the commencement of the Anglo-Boer War in 1899, after which he enlisted in the South African Light Horse, serving as a lieutenant during the relief of Ladysmith, and was mentioned in despatches.
Following the war, Tancred gained work as a customs clearing agent and was keen to return to the South African side but, while playing for Transvaal against the touring 1902 Australian side, scored one and 0 and was left out of the ensuing Test series. Tancred still harboured hopes of making the 1904 touring side to England but when he was only listed as a reserve, he supposedly lapsed into depression.
Following an evening playing billiards with friends at a club in Johannesburg, Tancred borrowed a revolver and returned to the hotel in Roodepoort where he was staying. There, Tancred apparently shot himself in the head three times and was found unconscious by his brother Bernard, who had rushed to the hotel upon hearing of the revolver in Vincent's possession. Tancred died four hours later. A bachelor, he left no heirs.
Tancred's brother Louis, a member of the South African touring team to England, heard of Vincent's death and temporarily withdrew from the team before returning to the side to post some large scores in Vincent's memory.
References
Hall, B. T. & Schulze, H. (2000) "The Cricketing Brothers Tancred, Part 2", The Cricket Statistician, No. 112. Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians, Cardiff, pp. 7–14.
1875 births
1904 suicides
1904 deaths
South Africa Test cricketers
South African cricketers
Gauteng cricketers
South African Light Horse officers
Suicides by firearm in South Africa
Multiple gunshot suicides
Cape Colony people
|
```asciidoc
xref::overview/apoc.rel/apoc.rel.type.adoc[apoc.rel.type icon:book[]] +
`returns type for (virtual) relationships`
label:function[]
label:apoc-core[]
```
|
```java
How to play a sound file in Java
Template methods in abstract classes
Using inner classes
Double Brace Initialization
Diamond Operator
```
|
Lauwin-Planque () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
Lauwinplanque
|
Garrett Strommen is an American actor, entrepreneur, author, and visual artist born on October 8, 1982, in St. Louis, Missouri.
Career
Before his big break in the movie I Dreamed of Africa with Daniel Craig and Kim Basinger in 2000, he got his start in Italy with school productions. He lived in Rome, for over 8 years where he attended St. Stephen's International School and went on to win the Reverend Wilbur C. Woodhams Medal for excellence in the arts. His father is Kim Strommen, who served as Dean of Temple University Rome's study abroad campus for 25 years and his mother is Genell Miller, a visual artist and art professor. In 2006 he graduated from the prestigious creative writing program at UCLA cum laude. He is currently the founder and president of Strommen Inc., a private language instruction and translation company and an angel investor in Rufus Labs. Acting roles include recurring roles in the TV drama 7th Heaven, an appearance as the victim in Cold Case and an appearance on Without a Trace. Recently, he was in an episode of CSI: NY, Heroes (TV series) and a cameo in "Dead of Night," a film based on the Italian comic book Dylan Dog.
He is fluent in English, Italian and Spanish. He likes painting and sculpting.
External links
Strommen
1982 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
|
```mako
<%!
page_icon_class_ = 'fa fa-server fa-fw'
page_title_ = ['', '']
page_id_ = ['asset', 'host-group']
%>
<%inherit file="../page_base.mako"/>
<%block name="extend_js_file">
<script type="text/javascript" src="${ static_url('js/asset/host-group-info.js') }"></script>
</%block>
<%block name="breadcrumb">
<ol class="breadcrumb">
%for i in range(len(self.attr.page_title_)):
%if i == 0:
<li><i class="${self.attr.page_icon_class_}"></i> ${self.attr.page_title_[i]}</li>
%else:
<li>${self.attr.page_title_[i]}</li>
%endif
%endfor
<li><strong id="group-name-breadcrumb"></strong><span id="group-desc"></span></li>
</ol>
</%block>
<%block name="embed_js">
<script type="text/javascript">
$app.add_options(${page_param});
if($app.options.group_id !== 0) {
$('#group-name-breadcrumb').text($app.options.group_name);
$('#group-name-table').text($app.options.group_name);
if ($app.options.group_desc.length > 0)
$('#group-desc').text(' (' + $app.options.group_desc+')');
} else {
## $tp.notify_error('');
$tp.disable_dom('#work-area', '');
}
</script>
</%block>
<%block name="embed_css">
<style>
.user-email {
font-family: Monaco, Lucida Console, Consolas, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace;
}
.user-surname {
display: inline-block;
min-width: 8em;
padding-right: 15px;
}
.user-account {
color: #989898;
font-family: Monaco, Lucida Console, Consolas, Courier, 'Courier New', monospace;
}
</style>
</%block>
## Begin Main Body.
<div class="page-content-inner">
<!-- begin box -->
<div class="box" id="work-area">
<div class="table-prefix-area">
<div class="table-extend-cell">
<span class="table-name"><i class="fa fa-list fa-fw"></i> <strong id="group-name-table"></strong> </span>
<button id="btn-refresh-members" class="btn btn-sm btn-default"><i class="fa fa-redo fa-fw"></i> </button>
</div>
<div class="table-extend-cell table-extend-cell-right group-actions">
<button id="btn-add-members" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary"><i class="fa fa-plus-circle fa-fw"></i> </button>
</div>
</div>
<table id="table-members" class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-data no-footer dtr-inline"></table>
<div class="table-extend-area">
<div class="table-extend-cell checkbox-select-all"><input id="table-members-select-all" type="checkbox"/></div>
<div class="table-extend-cell group-actions">
<div class="btn-group" role="group">
<button id="btn-remove-members" type="button" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-times-circle fa-fw"></i> </button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="table-extend-cell table-item-counter">
<ol id="table-members-paging"></ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="table-extend-area">
<div class="table-extend-cell">
<div style="text-align:right;">
<nav>
<ul id="table-members-pagination" class="pagination"></ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end of box -->
<div class="box">
<p></p>
<ul class="help-list">
<li> <i class="fa fa-undo fa-fw"></i> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<%block name="extend_content">
<div class="modal fade" id="dlg-select-members" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><i class="fa fa-times-circle fa-fw"></i></button>
<h3 data-field="dlg-title" class="modal-title"></h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<table id="table-host" class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-data no-footer dtr-inline"></table>
<div class="table-extend-area">
<div class="table-extend-cell checkbox-select-all"><input id="table-host-select-all" type="checkbox"/></div>
<div class="table-extend-cell group-actions">
<div class="btn-group" role="group">
<button id="btn-add-to-group" type="button" class="btn btn-primary"><i class="fa fa-edit fa-fw"></i> </button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="table-extend-cell table-item-counter">
<ol id="table-host-paging"></ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="table-extend-area">
<div class="table-extend-cell">
<div style="text-align:right;">
<nav>
<ul id="table-host-pagination" class="pagination"></ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default" data-dismiss="modal"><i class="fa fa-times fa-fw"></i> </button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</%block>
```
|
The 39th Filmfare Awards were held in 1994.
Khalnayak led the ceremony with 11 nominations, followed by Baazigar and Darr with 10 nominations each.
Baazigar and Damini were the most awarded films with 4 awards each, with the former winning Best Actor (for Shah Rukh Khan), and the latter winning Best Director (for Rajkumar Santoshi) and Best Supporting Actor (for Sunny Deol).
Shah Rukh Khan won his first Best Actor award for his performance in Baazigar. He also won his first Best Actor (Critics) award for Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa, and was nominated for Best Villain for his performance in Yash Chopra's Darr, rounding off a spectacular year for him.
Juhi Chawla won the Best Actress award for her performance in Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke, her first and only win in the category.
Main awards
Best Film
Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke
Aankhen
Baazigar
Damini
Darr
Khalnayak
Best Director
Rajkumar Santoshi – Damini
David Dhawan – Aankhen
Mahesh Bhatt – Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke
Subhash Ghai – Khalnayak
Yash Chopra – Darr
Best Actor
Shah Rukh Khan – Baazigar
Aamir Khan – Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke
Govinda – Aankhen
Jackie Shroff – Gardish
Sanjay Dutt – Khalnayak
Best Actress
Juhi Chawla – Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke
Dimple Kapadia – Rudaali
Madhuri Dixit – Khalnayak
Meenakshi Sheshadri – Damini
Sridevi – Gumrah
Best Supporting Actor
Sunny Deol – Damini
Amrish Puri – Gardish
Jackie Shroff – Khalnayak
Nana Patekar – Tirangaa
Naseeruddin Shah – Sir
Best Supporting Actress
Amrita Singh – Aaina
Anu Aggarwal – Khal-Naaikaa
Dimple Kapadia – Gardish
Raakhee – Anari
Shilpa Shetty – Baazigar
Best Comedian
Anupam Kher – Darr
Anupam Kher – Shreemaan Aashique
Johnny Lever – Baazigar
Kader Khan – Aankhen
Best Villain
Paresh Rawal – Sir
Amrish Puri – Damini
Gulshan Grover – Sir
Raj Babbar – Dalaal
Shah Rukh Khan – Darr
Best Debut
Saif Ali Khan – Aashiq Awara
Lux New Face of the Year
Mamta Kulkarni – Aashiq Awara
Best Story
Damini – Sutanu Gupta
Best Screenplay
Baazigar – Akash Khurana, Robin Bhatt and Javed Siddiqui
Best Dialogue
Sir – Jay Dixit
Best Music Director
Baazigar – Anu Malik
Darr – Shiv-Hari
Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke – Nadeem-Shravan
Khalnayak – Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Rudaali – Bhupen Hazarika
Best Lyricist
Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke – Sameer for Ghunghat Ki Aad Se
Baazigar – Dev Kohli for Yeh Kaali Kaali Aankhen
Darr – Anand Bakshi for Jaadu Teri Nazar
Khalnayak – Anand Bakshi for Choli Ke Peeche
Rudaali – Gulzar for Dil Hum Hum
Best Playback Singer, Male
Baazigar – Kumar Sanu for Yeh Kaali Kaali Aankhen
Anari – Udit Narayan for Phoolon Sa Chehra Tera
Baazigar – Kumar Sanu for Baazigar O Baazigar
Darr – Udit Narayan for Jaadu Teri Nazar
Khalnayak – Vinod Rathod for Nayak Nahin
Best Playback Singer, Female
Khalnayak – Alka Yagnik and Ila Arun for Choli Ke Peeche
Baazigar – Alka Yagnik for Baazigar O Baazigar
Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke – Alka Yagnik for Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke
Khalnayak – Alka Yagnik for Paalki Pe Ho Ke Sawaar
Best Action
Gardish
Best Art Direction
Gardish
Best Choreography
Khalnayak – Saroj Khan for Choli Ke Peeche
Best Cinematography
Darr
Best Editing
Gardish
Best Sound
Damini
Lifetime Achievement Award
Dilip Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar
Critics' awards
Best Film
Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa
Best Actor
Shah Rukh Khan – Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa
Best Documentary
I Live in Behrampada
Biggest Winners
Baazigar – 4/10
Damini – 4/7
Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke – 3/7
Gardish – 3/6
Sir – 2/4
Darr – 2/10
Khalnayak – 2/11
References
https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000245/1994/
See also
40th Filmfare Awards
41st Filmfare Awards
Filmfare Awards
Filmfare Awards
Filmfare
|
```kotlin
package test
import IdCacheKeyGenerator
import IdCacheResolver
import assertEquals2
import com.apollographql.apollo.ApolloClient
import com.apollographql.apollo.api.composeJsonResponse
import com.apollographql.apollo.cache.normalized.ApolloStore
import com.apollographql.apollo.cache.normalized.FetchPolicy
import com.apollographql.apollo.cache.normalized.api.MemoryCacheFactory
import com.apollographql.apollo.cache.normalized.fetchPolicy
import com.apollographql.apollo.cache.normalized.store
import com.apollographql.apollo.exception.CacheMissException
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.CharacterDetailsQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.CharacterNameByIdQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.EpisodeHeroNameQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.HeroAndFriendsNamesWithIDsQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.InstantQuery
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.UpdateReviewWithoutVariableMutation
import com.apollographql.apollo.integration.normalizer.type.Episode
import com.apollographql.mockserver.MockServer
import com.apollographql.mockserver.enqueueString
import com.apollographql.apollo.testing.internal.runTest
import testFixtureToUtf8
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertEquals
import kotlin.test.assertNull
import kotlin.test.assertTrue
/**
* Every other test that doesn't fit in the other files
*/
class OtherCacheTest {
private lateinit var mockServer: MockServer
private lateinit var apolloClient: ApolloClient
private lateinit var store: ApolloStore
private suspend fun setUp() {
store = ApolloStore(MemoryCacheFactory(), cacheKeyGenerator = IdCacheKeyGenerator, cacheResolver = IdCacheResolver)
mockServer = MockServer()
apolloClient = ApolloClient.Builder().serverUrl(mockServer.url()).store(store).build()
}
private suspend fun tearDown() {
mockServer.close()
}
@Test
fun masterDetailSuccess() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
// Store a query that contains all data
mockServer.enqueueString(testFixtureToUtf8("HeroAndFriendsNameWithIdsResponse.json"))
apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsNamesWithIDsQuery(Episode.NEWHOPE))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.NetworkOnly)
.execute()
// Getting a subtree of that data should work
val detailsResponse = apolloClient.query(CharacterNameByIdQuery("1002"))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertEquals(detailsResponse.data?.character!!.name, "Han Solo")
}
@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun masterDetailFailIncomplete() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
// Store a query that contains all data
mockServer.enqueueString(testFixtureToUtf8("HeroAndFriendsNameWithIdsResponse.json"))
apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsNamesWithIDsQuery(Episode.NEWHOPE))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.NetworkOnly)
.execute()
// Some details are not present in the master query, we should get a cache miss
val e = apolloClient.query(CharacterDetailsQuery("1002")).fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly).execute().exception as CacheMissException
assertTrue(e.message!!.contains("Object '1002' has no field named '__typename'"))
}
@Test
fun cacheMissThrows() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
val e = apolloClient.query(EpisodeHeroNameQuery(Episode.EMPIRE))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
.exception!!
assertTrue(e.message!!.contains("Object 'QUERY_ROOT' has no field named 'hero"))
}
@Test
@Throws(Exception::class)
fun skipIncludeDirective() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
mockServer.enqueueString(testFixtureToUtf8("HeroAndFriendsNameResponse.json"))
apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, false))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.NetworkOnly)
.execute()
var response = apolloClient.query(
HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, false))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.name, "R2-D2")
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.size, 3)
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(0)?.name, "Luke Skywalker")
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(1)?.name, "Han Solo")
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(2)?.name, "Leia Organa")
response = apolloClient.query(
HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, false, false))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertNull(response.data?.hero?.name)
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.size, 3)
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(0)?.name, "Luke Skywalker")
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(1)?.name, "Han Solo")
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.friends?.get(2)?.name, "Leia Organa")
response = apolloClient.query(
HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, true))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertEquals2(response.data?.hero?.name, "R2-D2")
assertNull(response.data?.hero?.friends)
}
@Test
fun skipIncludeDirectiveUnsatisfiedCache() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
// Store a response that doesn't contain friends
mockServer.enqueueString(testFixtureToUtf8("HeroNameResponse.json"))
apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, true))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.NetworkOnly)
.execute()
// Get it from the cache, we should get the name but no friends
val response = apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, true))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertEquals(response.data?.hero?.name, "R2-D2")
assertEquals(response.data?.hero?.friends, null)
// Now try to get the friends from the cache, it should fail
val e = apolloClient.query(HeroAndFriendsDirectivesQuery(Episode.JEDI, true, false))
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
.exception as CacheMissException
assertTrue(e.message!!.contains("has no field named 'friends'"))
}
@Test
fun withCompileTimeScalarAdapter() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
val query = InstantQuery()
// Store in the cache
val instant = "now"
val data = InstantQuery.Data(instant)
mockServer.enqueueString(query.composeJsonResponse(data))
apolloClient.query(query).execute()
// Get from the cache
val response = apolloClient.query(query)
.fetchPolicy(FetchPolicy.CacheOnly)
.execute()
assertEquals(instant, response.data!!.instant)
}
@Test
fun cacheFieldWithObjectValueArgument() = runTest(before = { setUp() }, after = { tearDown() }) {
val mutation = UpdateReviewWithoutVariableMutation()
val data = UpdateReviewWithoutVariableMutation.Data(
UpdateReviewWithoutVariableMutation.UpdateReview(
"0",
5,
"Great"
)
)
mockServer.enqueueString(mutation.composeJsonResponse(data))
apolloClient.mutation(mutation).execute()
val storeData = store.readOperation(mutation)
assertEquals(data, storeData)
}
}
```
|
```java
package com.ctrip.xpipe.redis.checker.alert.sender.email.listener;
/**
* @author chen.zhu
* <p>
* Mar 26, 2018
*/
public interface AsyncEmailSenderCallback {
void success();
void fail(Throwable throwable);
}
```
|
World Championship Snooker is a sports video game developed by Blade Interactive and published by Codemasters for PlayStation and Microsoft Windows.
Overview
The game featured licenses and likenesses to players from within the top 32 players of the World Snooker Tour. The game allowed players to create an in-game character to play in various modes, including tournaments, on-off matches, and the official world championship. The game also featured a "Master Class" mode, that featured as an in-game tutorial and training mode.
The Master Class mode featured a list of 'lessons', that would teach the player the basics of playing, including , and also the rules of the game.
Reception
World Championship Snooker received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator GameRankings.
The game went on to become Blade Interactive's best selling boxed title in the UK.
References
External links
2000 video games
Blade Interactive games
Europe-exclusive video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation (console) games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
World Snooker Championship (series)
|
Mohamed Al-Zeno (; born 5 February 1983) is a Syrian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Taliya in the Syrian Premier League.
Club career
Early career
Mohamed Al-Zeno's career began with the Al-Ittihad Aleppo youth squad under coach Omar Al-Shaaban in the "Al-Smoud Football School" in Aleppo. Later he joined the youth team of Shorta Aleppo. After playing a few games in the Al-Shorta under-17 youth team, he moved Al-Shorta's first team and in 1999 he signed his first professional contract.
Al-Shorta Aleppo
In season 1999–2000, he played for Shorta Aleppo's first team in the Syrian League 1st Division and helped his team in promotion to the Syrian Premier League. At the end of the season, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award of the 1999–2000 Syrian Premier League. After the 2001–2002 season, Shorta Aleppo was dissolved and he went to Damascus and signed a two-year contract with Al-Shorta SC of Damascus.
Al-Shorta Damascus
He played for two seasons for Al-Shorta Damascus. He scored his first goal for his new team on 1 November 2002 against Al-Yaqdhah in the Syrian Premier League.
Al-Jaish
He moved to Al-Jaish SC of Damascus in 2004. He played for Al-Jaish for three seasons. In his first season with Al-Jaish, he won the 2004 AFC Cup, the second biggest association cup in Asia. In the second-leg of the quarter-finals, he scored one goal in 3–0 win over Indian champions Kingfisher East Bengal FC In the semi-finals, he scored one goal each in both the legs, one in the first-leg in a 4–0 win and another in the second-leg in a 2–1 win over Singaporean champions Home United FC and hence helped his team to reach the AFC Cup finals for the first time.
Al-Majd
In July 2007, he moved to Al-Majd SC of Damascus and formed an impressive attacking triangle with Syrian forward Raja Rafe.
In the 2007–08 season, he scored eleven goals and helped his team to finish as the runners-up in the Syrian Premier League 2007–08. He also scored two goals in the 2007–08 Arab Champions League, one in a 3–2 loss against Al-Hilal Omdurman in the Round of 32 and another in a 1–1 draw against Raja Casablanca.
At the end of the season, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award of the 2008–09 Syrian Premier League with 17 goals. He also scored three goals in the 2009 AFC Cup, one in a 1–1 draw against Al-Muharraq SC and a brace in a 2–1 win over Al-Faisaly SC.
Rah Ahan F.C.
On 18 September 2009, he signed a one-year contract with Rah Ahan of Iran, but after four months the contract was dissolved.
He played his first game for Rah Ahan on 6 October 2009 against PAS Hamedan in the Persian Gulf Cup 2009–10.
Al-Arabi
In January 2010, he signed a six-months contract with Al-Arabi SC of Kuwait. He made his Kuwaiti Premier League debut on 14 January 2010 in a 3–0 win over Al Salibikhaet.
Al-Karamah
In August 2010, he moved to Al-Karamah SC of the Syria. He made his debut for Al-Karamah on 14 September 2010 in a 1–0 win over Muangthong United in the 2010 AFC Cup quarter-finals.
Al-Naser
On 1 February 2011, he moved to Al-Naser of Kuwait. He made his Kuwaiti Premier League debut for Al-Naser on 3 February 2011 against Al-Qadsia SC.
International career
Mohamed Al-Zeno has been a regular for the Syria national football team since 2004. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, he came on as a substitute for Raja Rafe in a 2–2 draw against Bahrain on 13 October 2004 in the Abbasiyyin Stadium in Damascus.
He was a part of the Syria national football team in the 2007 Nehru Cup in India. He scored two goals in the friendly tournament, one in a 4–1 win over Kyrgyzstan and another in a 5–1 win over Cambodia.
He scored two goals in a 3–0 win over Afghanistan and he scored one goal in a 4–1 win over Indonesia in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification.
In the 2009 Nehru Cup, he scored three goals, one goal in a 2–0 victory over Kyrgyzstan in Syria's first match of the tournament. He also scored a goal in Syria's 4–0 win over Sri Lanka and another in a 1–0 win over Lebanon. At the end of the tournament, he was awarded with the "Top Goal Scorer" award.
He was selected in Valeriu Tiţa's 23-men final squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. In the tournament he scored one goal in a 1–2 loss against Jordan.
International goals
Scores and results table. Syria's goal tally first:
|}
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Aleppo
Syrian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Syria men's international footballers
Syrian expatriate men's footballers
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Al-Shorta SC (Syria) players
Al-Jaish SC (Syria) players
Al-Majd SC players
Al-Karamah SC players
Al-Hussein SC (Irbid) players
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) players
Al-Nasr SC (Kuwait) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Saham Club players
Expatriate men's footballers in Oman
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Oman
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Jordan
Syrian expatriate sportspeople in Jordan
Syrian Premier League players
Al-Salmiya SC players
Kuwait Premier League players
Taliya SC players
Al-Sareeh SC players
|
Eluru railway station (station code:EE) is an Indian Railways station in Eluru city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone (formerly South Central Railway zone).
History
Between 1893 and 1896, of the East Coast State Railway, between Vijayawada and , was opened for traffic. The southern part of the East Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901.
Electrification
The Mustabad–Gannavaram–Nuzvid–Bhimadolu sector was electrified in 1995–96.
Classification
In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Eluru is categorized as a Non-Suburban Grade-3 (NSG-3) railway station. Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–3 category station earns between – crore and handles passengers.
Structure and amenities
The station is spread over an area of , maintained by 17 employees.
The station has 03 platforms and all the tracks are broad gauge and electrified. Almost all platforms are in same size. The station has East and West terminals equipped with reservation counters. It was 37th cleanest station in 'A'-Category, as of 2018. It is one of the 38 stations in the division to be equipped with Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVMs).
Satellite stations
Eluru city consists of four other railway stations. These are:
References
External links
South Central Railway
Railway stations in India opened in 1893
Railway stations in West Godavari district
Vijayawada railway division
Railway stations in Eluru
|
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package jdk.graal.compiler.java;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ALOAD;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ALOAD_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ALOAD_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ALOAD_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ALOAD_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ASTORE;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ASTORE_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ASTORE_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ASTORE_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ASTORE_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DLOAD;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DLOAD_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DLOAD_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DLOAD_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DLOAD_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DSTORE;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DSTORE_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DSTORE_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DSTORE_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.DSTORE_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FLOAD;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FLOAD_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FLOAD_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FLOAD_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FLOAD_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FSTORE;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FSTORE_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FSTORE_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FSTORE_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.FSTORE_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.IINC;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ILOAD;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ILOAD_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ILOAD_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ILOAD_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ILOAD_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ISTORE;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ISTORE_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ISTORE_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ISTORE_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.ISTORE_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LLOAD;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LLOAD_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LLOAD_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LLOAD_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LLOAD_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LSTORE;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LSTORE_0;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LSTORE_1;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LSTORE_2;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.LSTORE_3;
import static jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.Bytecodes.RET;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.BitSet;
import org.graalvm.collections.Pair;
import jdk.graal.compiler.bytecode.BytecodeStream;
import jdk.graal.compiler.debug.Assertions;
import jdk.graal.compiler.debug.DebugContext;
import jdk.graal.compiler.java.BciBlockMapping.BciBlock;
/**
* Encapsulates the liveness calculation, so that subclasses for locals ≤ 64 and locals > 64
* can be implemented.
*/
public abstract class LocalLiveness {
protected final BciBlock[] blocks;
private final ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> asyncSuccessors;
public static LocalLiveness compute(DebugContext debug, BytecodeStream stream, BciBlockMapping mapping, int maxLocals, int loopCount, boolean asyncLiveness) {
LocalLiveness liveness = maxLocals <= 64 ? new SmallLocalLiveness(mapping, maxLocals, loopCount, asyncLiveness) : new LargeLocalLiveness(mapping, maxLocals, loopCount, asyncLiveness);
liveness.computeLiveness(debug, stream);
return liveness;
}
protected LocalLiveness(BciBlockMapping mapping, boolean asyncLiveness) {
if (asyncLiveness && mapping.exceptionHandlers != null) {
Pair<ArrayList<BciBlock>, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>> info = generateAsyncLivenessInfo(mapping);
this.blocks = info.getLeft().toArray(new BciBlock[0]);
this.asyncSuccessors = info.getRight();
} else {
this.blocks = mapping.getBlocks();
this.asyncSuccessors = null;
}
}
/**
* Asynchronous exceptions can occur from any bci within the block. Accordingly, all exception
* handlers reachable from a block must be considered live for the entire block. In our
* implementation, this is done by recording the {@link #asyncSuccessors} and always propagating
* their liveness information into a block's liveIn.
*
* Asynchronous exceptions may also make blocks reachable that are not otherwise reached. If so,
* then these newly reachable blocks must also be included as part of the liveness analysis.
*/
private static Pair<ArrayList<BciBlock>, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>> generateAsyncLivenessInfo(BciBlockMapping mapping) {
ArrayList<BciBlock> blocks = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mapping.getBlocks()));
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> asyncSuccessors = new ArrayList<>();
for (int id = 0; id < blocks.size(); id++) {
BciBlock block = blocks.get(id);
assert block.getId() == id : Assertions.errorMessage(block, id);
assert asyncSuccessors.size() == id : Assertions.errorMessage(asyncSuccessors, id);
if (block.isInstructionBlock()) {
/*
* Finding exceptions handlers which are reachable from an instruction block.
*/
BitSet handlerIDs = new BitSet();
for (int bci = block.getStartBci(); bci <= block.getEndBci(); bci++) {
BitSet bciHandlerIDs = mapping.getBciExceptionHandlerIDs(bci);
if (bciHandlerIDs != null) {
handlerIDs.or(bciHandlerIDs);
}
}
/*
* Collecting handler blocks reachable from this block.
*/
ArrayList<Integer> handlerBlockIDs = new ArrayList<>();
for (int handlerID = handlerIDs.nextSetBit(0); handlerID >= 0; handlerID = handlerIDs.nextSetBit(handlerID + 1)) {
BciBlock handlerBlock = mapping.getHandlerBlock(handlerID);
/* If handler isn't already reachable, then add to the end of list. */
if (handlerBlock.getId() == BciBlockMapping.UNASSIGNED_ID) {
int newID = blocks.size();
handlerBlock.setId(newID);
blocks.add(handlerBlock);
}
handlerBlockIDs.add(handlerBlock.getId());
if (handlerID == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
break; // or (i+1) would overflow
}
}
asyncSuccessors.add(handlerBlockIDs.isEmpty() ? null : handlerBlockIDs);
} else {
/* Only consider async successors from instruction blocks. */
asyncSuccessors.add(null);
}
/* Making sure all successors are reachable. If not, then add to the end of list. */
for (BciBlock sux : block.getSuccessors()) {
if (sux.getId() == BciBlockMapping.UNASSIGNED_ID) {
int newID = blocks.size();
sux.setId(newID);
blocks.add(sux);
}
}
}
return Pair.create(blocks, asyncSuccessors);
}
void computeLiveness(DebugContext debug, BytecodeStream stream) {
for (BciBlock block : blocks) {
computeLocalLiveness(stream, block);
}
boolean changed;
int iteration = 0;
do {
assert traceIteration(debug, iteration);
changed = false;
for (int i = blocks.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
BciBlock block = blocks[i];
int blockID = block.getId();
assert traceStart(debug, block, blockID);
boolean blockChanged = (iteration == 0);
if (block.getSuccessorCount() > 0) {
int oldCardinality = liveOutCardinality(blockID);
for (BciBlock sux : block.getSuccessors()) {
assert traceSuccessor(debug, sux);
propagateLiveness(blockID, sux.getId());
}
blockChanged |= (oldCardinality != liveOutCardinality(blockID));
}
if (asyncSuccessors != null && asyncSuccessors.get(i) != null) {
int oldCardinality = liveAsyncCardinality(blockID);
for (Integer suxId : asyncSuccessors.get(i)) {
propagateAsyncLiveness(blockID, suxId);
}
blockChanged |= (oldCardinality != liveAsyncCardinality(blockID));
}
if (blockChanged) {
updateLiveness(blockID);
assert traceEnd(debug, block, blockID);
}
changed |= blockChanged;
}
iteration++;
} while (changed);
}
private static boolean traceIteration(DebugContext debug, int iteration) {
debug.log("Iteration %d", iteration);
return true;
}
private boolean traceEnd(DebugContext debug, BciBlock block, int blockID) {
if (debug.isLogEnabled()) {
debug.logv(" end B%d [%d, %d] in: %s out: %s gen: %s kill: %s", block.getId(), block.startBci, block.getEndBci(), debugLiveIn(blockID), debugLiveOut(blockID),
debugLiveGen(blockID),
debugLiveKill(blockID));
}
return true;
}
private boolean traceSuccessor(DebugContext debug, BciBlock sux) {
if (debug.isLogEnabled()) {
debug.log(" Successor B%d: %s", sux.getId(), debugLiveIn(sux.getId()));
}
return true;
}
private boolean traceStart(DebugContext debug, BciBlock block, int blockID) {
if (debug.isLogEnabled()) {
debug.logv(" start B%d [%d, %d] in: %s out: %s gen: %s kill: %s", block.getId(), block.startBci, block.getEndBci(), debugLiveIn(blockID), debugLiveOut(blockID),
debugLiveGen(blockID),
debugLiveKill(blockID));
}
return true;
}
/**
* Returns whether the local is live at the beginning of the given block.
*/
public abstract boolean localIsLiveIn(BciBlock block, int local);
/**
* Returns whether the local is set in the given loop.
*/
public abstract boolean localIsChangedInLoop(int loopId, int local);
/**
* Returns whether the local is live at the end of the given block.
*/
public abstract boolean localIsLiveOut(BciBlock block, int local);
/**
* Returns a string representation of the liveIn values of the given block.
*/
protected abstract String debugLiveIn(int blockID);
/**
* Returns a string representation of the liveOut values of the given block.
*/
protected abstract String debugLiveOut(int blockID);
/**
* Returns a string representation of the liveGen values of the given block.
*/
protected abstract String debugLiveGen(int blockID);
/**
* Returns a string representation of the liveKill values of the given block.
*/
protected abstract String debugLiveKill(int blockID);
/**
* Returns the number of live locals at the end of the given block.
*/
protected abstract int liveOutCardinality(int blockID);
/**
* Returns the number of live async locals for the given block.
*/
protected abstract int liveAsyncCardinality(int blockID);
/**
* Adds all locals that are in the liveIn of the successor to the liveOut of the block.
*/
protected abstract void propagateLiveness(int blockID, int successorID);
/**
* Adds all locals that are in the liveIn of the successor to the liveAsync of the block.
*/
protected abstract void propagateAsyncLiveness(int blockID, int successorID);
/**
* Calculates a new liveIn for the given block from liveOut, liveKill, liveGen and liveAsync.
*/
protected abstract void updateLiveness(int blockID);
/**
* Adds the local to liveGen if it wasn't already killed in this block.
*/
protected abstract void loadOne(int blockID, int local);
/**
* Add this local to liveKill if it wasn't already generated in this block.
*/
protected abstract void storeOne(int blockID, int local);
private void computeLocalLiveness(BytecodeStream stream, BciBlock block) {
if (!block.isInstructionBlock()) {
return;
}
int blockID = block.getId();
int localIndex;
stream.setBCI(block.startBci);
while (stream.currentBCI() <= block.getEndBci()) {
switch (stream.currentBC()) {
case LLOAD:
case DLOAD:
loadTwo(blockID, stream.readLocalIndex());
break;
case LLOAD_0:
case DLOAD_0:
loadTwo(blockID, 0);
break;
case LLOAD_1:
case DLOAD_1:
loadTwo(blockID, 1);
break;
case LLOAD_2:
case DLOAD_2:
loadTwo(blockID, 2);
break;
case LLOAD_3:
case DLOAD_3:
loadTwo(blockID, 3);
break;
case IINC:
localIndex = stream.readLocalIndex();
loadOne(blockID, localIndex);
storeOne(blockID, localIndex);
break;
case ILOAD:
case FLOAD:
case ALOAD:
case RET:
loadOne(blockID, stream.readLocalIndex());
break;
case ILOAD_0:
case FLOAD_0:
case ALOAD_0:
loadOne(blockID, 0);
break;
case ILOAD_1:
case FLOAD_1:
case ALOAD_1:
loadOne(blockID, 1);
break;
case ILOAD_2:
case FLOAD_2:
case ALOAD_2:
loadOne(blockID, 2);
break;
case ILOAD_3:
case FLOAD_3:
case ALOAD_3:
loadOne(blockID, 3);
break;
case LSTORE:
case DSTORE:
storeTwo(blockID, stream.readLocalIndex());
break;
case LSTORE_0:
case DSTORE_0:
storeTwo(blockID, 0);
break;
case LSTORE_1:
case DSTORE_1:
storeTwo(blockID, 1);
break;
case LSTORE_2:
case DSTORE_2:
storeTwo(blockID, 2);
break;
case LSTORE_3:
case DSTORE_3:
storeTwo(blockID, 3);
break;
case ISTORE:
case FSTORE:
case ASTORE:
storeOne(blockID, stream.readLocalIndex());
break;
case ISTORE_0:
case FSTORE_0:
case ASTORE_0:
storeOne(blockID, 0);
break;
case ISTORE_1:
case FSTORE_1:
case ASTORE_1:
storeOne(blockID, 1);
break;
case ISTORE_2:
case FSTORE_2:
case ASTORE_2:
storeOne(blockID, 2);
break;
case ISTORE_3:
case FSTORE_3:
case ASTORE_3:
storeOne(blockID, 3);
break;
}
stream.next();
}
}
private void loadTwo(int blockID, int local) {
loadOne(blockID, local);
loadOne(blockID, local + 1);
}
private void storeTwo(int blockID, int local) {
storeOne(blockID, local);
storeOne(blockID, local + 1);
}
}
```
|
```xml
<!--
~ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
~ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
~
~ path_to_url
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<dataset>
<metadata>
<column name="usename"/>
<column name="usesysid"/>
<column name="usecreatedb"/>
<column name="usesuper"/>
<column name="usecatupd"/>
<column name="userepl"/>
<column name="passwd"/>
<column name="valbegin"/>
<column name="valuntil"/>
<column name="respool"/>
<column name="parent"/>
<column name="spacelimit"/>
<column name="useconfig"/>
<column name="tempspacelimit"/>
<column name="spillspacelimit"/>
<column name="usemonitoradmin"/>
<column name="useoperatoradmin"/>
<column name="usepolicyadmin"/>
</metadata>
</dataset>
```
|
Mogamad Nazier Paulsen is a Western Cape-based Member of the National Assembly for the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). He previously served as a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament.
Early life and career
Nazier Paulsen and his family had previously been part of the anti-apartheid movement. Paulsen was a member of the United Democratic Front. He obtained a BCom Honours degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Distributed Systems from the University of Cape Town. He was previously an Information and Technology lecturer at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Paulsen also served as the chairperson of the Mitchells Plain Community Development Corporation and the chairperson of the South African Progressive Civic Organisation (SAPCO).
Paulsen joined the Economic Freedom Fighters in 2013. He was the party's Western Cape Premier candidate for the 2014 general elections. The EFF won one seat in the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. Paulsen filled the seat on 21 May 2014.
In May 2015, the EFF redeployed him to the National Assembly of South Africa. Bernard Joseph succeeded him as the EFF's sole representative in the Provincial Parliament. He won a second term as a Member of Parliament in May 2019.
Incidents
When Paulsen took office as a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament, he was assigned a laptop. He resigned as a Member of the Provincial Parliament in May 2015 and initially refused to hand the laptop back. The Provincial Parliament approached the police, and he was charged with theft. The charge was withdrawn in July 2019.
On 6 November 2018, Paulsen was involved in a fracas with Agang MP, Andries Tlouamma. In response, President Cyril Ramaphosa called on MPs to embrace non-racialism when interacting with one another. The footage of the occurrence was referred to Parliament's Disciplinary Committee.
On 15 August 2019, Paulsen appeared in court due to his alleged assault of a man that was parked outside his ex-wife's house in early-August. His next court appearance was in September.
On 19 November 2019, Paulsen was asked to leave the National Assembly following his refusal to retract his statement that Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan appoints SOE staff based on their race.
During a sitting of the National Assembly in March 2021, Paulsen told DA MP Phumzile van Damme to go back to Eswatini and the DA chief whip in the National Assembly, Natasha Mazzone, to go back to Italy. Deputy speaker Lechesa Tsenoli then ordered Paulsen to leave the House amid the tension. As Paulsen was leaving, the DA's Van Damme waved at him and Tsenoli told her not to be provocative. Van Damme then said that Paulsen allegedly threatened to "beat her up" and got into an argument with EFF MPs. She was then ordered to leave and was accompanied by two male DA MPs, Kevin Mileham and Chris Hunsinger. Paulsen denied threatening her. On 28 July 2021, the National Assembly's Power and Privileges Committee decided that it would investigate the matter and that Paulsen would face disciplinary hearings for his actions. It is alleged that he also threatened to assault two other DA MPs at the sitting back in March.
References
External links
Mr Mogamad Nazier Paulsen at People's Assembly
Mr Mogamad Nazier Paulsen at Parliament of South Africa
Year of birth missing (living people)
Economic Freedom Fighters politicians
Living people
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
Members of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament
|
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package diff
import (
"testing"
"k8s.io/test-infra/gopherage/pkg/cov/junit/calculation"
)
func TestMakeTable(t *testing.T) {
type args struct {
baseCovList *calculation.CoverageList
newCovList *calculation.CoverageList
jobName string
coverageThreshold float32
}
tests := []struct {
name string
args args
wantRes string
wantIsCoverageLow bool
}{
{
name: "A",
args: args{
baseCovList: &calculation.CoverageList{
Group: []calculation.Coverage{
{Name: "a", NumCoveredStmts: 10, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "a2", NumCoveredStmts: 12, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "c", NumCoveredStmts: 20, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "d", NumCoveredStmts: 30, NumAllStmts: 100},
},
},
newCovList: &calculation.CoverageList{
Group: []calculation.Coverage{
{Name: "a", NumCoveredStmts: 5, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "b", NumCoveredStmts: 10, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "c", NumCoveredStmts: 20, NumAllStmts: 100},
{Name: "d", NumCoveredStmts: 40, NumAllStmts: 100},
},
},
jobName: "example-coverage-test",
coverageThreshold: 30,
},
wantRes: "a | 10.0% | 5.0% | -5.0\n" +
"b | Does not exist | 10.0% | \n" +
"d | 30.0% | 40.0% | 10.0",
wantIsCoverageLow: true,
},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
gotRes, gotIsCoverageLow := makeTable(tt.args.baseCovList, tt.args.newCovList, tt.args.coverageThreshold)
if gotRes != tt.wantRes {
t.Errorf("makeTable() gotRes = %v, want %v", gotRes, tt.wantRes)
}
if gotIsCoverageLow != tt.wantIsCoverageLow {
t.Errorf("makeTable() gotIsCoverageLow = %v, want %v", gotIsCoverageLow, tt.wantIsCoverageLow)
}
})
}
}
```
|
South Coast is a name often given to coastal areas to the south of a geographical region or major metropolitan area.
Geographical
Australia
South Coast (New South Wales), the coast of New South Wales, Australia, south of Sydney
South Coast (Queensland), the historic name of the Gold Coast, Queensland
South coast of Western Australia, from Cape Leeuwin to Eucla, Western Australia
Canada
Ontario's South Coast, a descriptor used for marketing purposes by Norfolk County, Ontario
South Coast, British Columbia, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast
India
Southern part of Coastal India
Coromandel coast, south-eastern India
Malabar coast, south-western India
Indonesia
South Coast Regency, West Sumatra
South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal South Coast, in KwaZulu-Natal province
Southcoast Mall, a shopping centre in Shelly Beach on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast
United States
South Coast (California)
South Coast AVA, a designated American viticultural Area in Southern California
South Coast Plaza, a shopping mall in Costa Mesa, California
South Coast (Massachusetts), a marketing term referring to the coastline of southeast Massachusetts from Wareham to Swansea
Other uses
South Coast (hotel and casino) is the former name of a hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
South Coast (album) recorded by Ramblin' Jack Elliott
South Coast, a song by The Kingston Trio on their album ...From the Hungry i
See also
Gulf Coast of the United States
|
The Vermont Catamounts women's basketball team is the basketball team that represents the University of Vermont in Burlington, Vermont. The school's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at Patrick Gym.
History
The Catamounts went undefeated in the regular season in back-to-back seasons in the 1991–92 and 1992–93 seasons, the first time a women's basketball program did that in the NCAA era. Only Connecticut has done that feat since Vermont did it. They have won the conference title six times, second only to Maine.
NCAA tournament results
References
External links
|
Gary Clail (born 1959) is an English singer and record producer, and the founder of the Gary Clail Sound System. He was part of On-U Sound Records (and also the On-U Sound System) and led Gary Clail's Tackhead Sound System. They had a big hit in clubs with the 1991 song "Human Nature".
Biography
Clail worked originally as a roofer, but during the mid- to late 1980s, based in Bristol, he became a warm-up act for On-U gigs. Clail first released a record in 1985. Several 12" singles were issued between 1985 and 1987, before Clail's first LP for Nettwerk, Tackhead Tape Time, a split effort between Clail and Tackhead. "Television: The Drug of the Nation" by The Beatnigs was remixed by Clail, Adrian Sherwood and Mark Stewart, on the Alternative Tentacles record label in 1988.
In 1989, Clail, billed as Gary Clail & On-U Sound System, released an album on the label On-U Sound, marking his entrance to the electronic underground scene in Bristol, eventually leading him to work with RCA a couple of years later. This output incorporated several singles and EPs, as well as the Emotional Hooligan album (1991).
Clail released a further album on Yelen Records, entitled Keep the Faith (1996).
In 2013 Clail formed the Gary Clail Sound System and began work on the album 'Nail It To The Mast'. It was released on 15 December 2014.
In 2022, Clail released Violence https://garyclailsoundsystemviolence.bandcamp.com/album/violence-2
Discography
Singles
Gary Clail - "Half Cut for Confidence" (1985)
Gary Clail and Tackhead - "Hard Left" (1986)
Tackhead / Gary Clail - "Reality" (1989)
Gary Clail On-U Sound System featuring Bim Sherman - "Beef" (1990) – UK #64
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "Human Nature" (1991) – UK #10, AUS #38, IRE #27, NED #69
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "Escape" (1991) – UK #44, AUS #117
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "The Emotional Hooligan" (1991)
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "Who Pays The Piper?" (1992) – UK #31, AUS #177
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "These Things Are Worth Fighting For" (1993) – UK #45, AUS #157
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - "Speak No Evil" (1993) (promotional release only)
Gary Clail - "Another Hard Man" (1995) – UK #86
Studio albums
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - End Of The Century Party (1989)
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - Emotional Hooligan (1991) – UK #35, AUS #95
Gary Clail On-U Sound System - Dreamstealers (1993) – AUS #180, NZ #38
Gary Clail - Keep The Faith (1995)
Gary Clail Soundsystem - Nail it to the Mast (2014)
Gary Clail SoundSystem - Violence (Aug 2022)
Compilation albums
Gary Clail - Human Nature: The Very Best of Gary Clail (1997)
References
External links
2014 Release Nail It To The Mast
Official Tackhead website
Artist page at unofficial On-U Sound site
Discography page at unofficial On-U Sound site
On-U Sound website
Living people
English record producers
English rock singers
English male singers
Musicians from Bristol
On-U Sound Records artists
Tackhead members
1956 births
|
The Greta Grit is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England
References
Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
|
Foreign Affairs Committee may refer to:
Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development
Canadian Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs
European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs Committee (France)
Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee in Israel
Foreign Affairs Committee (Iceland)
Foreign Affairs Committee (Sweden)
Foreign Affairs Select Committee of the UK House of Commons
National People's Congress Foreign Affairs Committee, China
United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
|
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Test\Lib\Utility\AuthToken;
use App\Utility\AuthToken\AuthTokenExpiryConfigValidator;
use Cake\TestSuite\TestCase;
class AuthTokenConfigValidatorTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* @var AuthTokenExpiryConfigValidator
*/
private $sut;
public function setUp(): void
{
parent::setUp();
$this->sut = new AuthTokenExpiryConfigValidator();
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideIncorrectValues
*/
public function testAuthTokenConfigValidatorReturnNullIfValidationFailed($value)
{
$this->assertNull(call_user_func($this->sut, $value));
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideCorrectValues
*/
public function testAuthTokenConfigValidatorReturnTrueIfValidationFailed($value)
{
$this->assertSame($value, call_user_func($this->sut, $value));
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideCorrectValues
*/
public function your_sha256_hashCorrectValues($value)
{
$this->assertEquals($value, filter_var($value, FILTER_CALLBACK, ['options' => $this->sut]));
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideIncorrectValues
*/
public function your_sha256_hashncorrectValues($value)
{
$this->assertNull(filter_var($value, FILTER_CALLBACK, ['options' => $this->sut]));
}
public function provideIncorrectValues()
{
return [
[''],
[' '],
[null],
[1],
['1'],
['heure'],
['1heure'],
['1heure'],
];
}
public function provideCorrectValues()
{
return [
['20 hours'],
['1 hour'],
['10 days'],
['1 day'],
['10 months'],
['1 month'],
['10 years'],
['1 year'],
['10 hours'],
['1 hour'],
['10 minutes'],
['1 minute'],
['10 seconds'],
['1 second'],
];
}
}
```
|
Keisripalu Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Valga County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 33 ha.
The protected area was founded in 2013 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Möldre village (former Helme Parish).
References
Nature reserves in Estonia
Geography of Valga County
|
```python
# coding=utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import datetime
import logging
import socket
from base64 import standard_b64encode
from contextlib import suppress
from urllib.parse import quote
from xmlrpc.client import Error, ProtocolError, ServerProxy
from medusa import app
from medusa.common import Quality
from medusa.helper.common import try_int
from medusa.helper.exceptions import DownloadClientConnectionException
from medusa.logger.adapters.style import BraceAdapter
import ttl_cache
log = BraceAdapter(logging.getLogger(__name__))
log.logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
def nzb_connection(url):
"""
Connect to NZBget client.
:param url: nzb url to connect
:return: True if connected, else False
"""
nzb_get_rpc = ServerProxy(url)
try:
if nzb_get_rpc.writelog('INFO', 'Medusa connected to test connection.'):
msg = 'Successfully connected to NZBget'
log.debug(msg)
else:
msg = 'Successfully connected to NZBget but unable to send a message'
log.warning(msg)
return True, msg
except ProtocolError as error:
if error.errmsg == 'Unauthorized':
msg = 'NZBget username or password is incorrect.'
log.warning(msg)
else:
msg = f'Protocol Error: {error.errmsg}'
log.error(msg)
return False, msg
except Error as error:
msg = ('Please check your NZBget host and port (if it is running).'
' NZBget is not responding to this combination.'
f' Error: {error}')
log.warning(msg)
return False, msg
except socket.error as error:
msg = ('Please check your NZBget host and port (if it is running).'
' NZBget is not responding to this combination.'
f' Socket Error: {error}')
log.warning(msg)
return False, msg
def test_authentication(host=None, username=None, password=None, use_https=False):
"""
Test NZBget client connection.
:param host: nzb host to connect
:param username: nzb username
:param password: nzb password
:param use_https: If we should use https or not
:return True if connected. Else False
"""
url = 'http{}://{}:{}@{}/xmlrpc'.format(
's' if use_https or app.NZBGET_USE_HTTPS else '',
quote(username or app.NZBGET_USERNAME, safe=''),
quote(password or app.NZBGET_PASSWORD, safe=''),
quote(host or app.NZBGET_HOST, safe='/:')
)
return nzb_connection(url)
def send_nzb(nzb, proper=False):
"""
Send NZB to NZBGet client.
:param nzb: nzb object
:param proper: True if a Proper download, False if not.
"""
if app.NZBGET_HOST is None:
log.warning('No NZBget host found in configuration.'
' Please configure it.')
return False
nzb_get_prio = 0
category = app.NZBGET_CATEGORY
if nzb.series.is_anime:
category = app.NZBGET_CATEGORY_ANIME
url = 'http{}://{}:{}@{}/xmlrpc'.format(
's' if app.NZBGET_USE_HTTPS else '',
quote(app.NZBGET_USERNAME, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_PASSWORD, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_HOST, safe='/:')
)
if not nzb_connection(url):
return False
nzb_get_rpc = ServerProxy(url)
dupekey = ''
dupescore = 0
# if it aired recently make it high priority and generate DupeKey/Score
for cur_ep in nzb.episodes:
if dupekey == '':
dupekey = 'medusa-{slug}'.format(slug=cur_ep.series.identifier.slug)
dupekey += '-' + '{0}.{1}'.format(cur_ep.season, cur_ep.episode)
if datetime.date.today() - cur_ep.airdate <= datetime.timedelta(days=7):
nzb_get_prio = app.NZBGET_PRIORITY
else:
category = app.NZBGET_CATEGORY_BACKLOG
if nzb.series.is_anime:
category = app.NZBGET_CATEGORY_ANIME_BACKLOG
if nzb.quality != Quality.UNKNOWN:
dupescore = nzb.quality * 100
if proper:
dupescore += 10
nzb_content_64 = None
if nzb.result_type == 'nzbdata':
data = nzb.extra_info[0]
nzb_content_64 = standard_b64encode(data).decode()
log.info('Sending NZB to NZBget')
log.debug('URL: {}', url)
try:
# Version < 12 not supported.
nzbget_version_str = nzb_get_rpc.version()
nzbget_version = try_int(
nzbget_version_str[:nzbget_version_str.find('.')]
)
if nzbget_version == 12:
if nzb_content_64 is not None:
nzbget_result = nzb_get_rpc.append(
nzb.name + '.nzb', category, nzb_get_prio, False,
nzb_content_64, False, dupekey, dupescore, 'score'
)
else:
nzbget_result = nzb_get_rpc.appendurl(
nzb.name + '.nzb', category, nzb_get_prio, False, nzb.url,
False, dupekey, dupescore, 'score'
)
# v13+ has a new combined append method that accepts both (url and
# content) also the return value has changed from boolean to integer
# (Positive number representing NZBID of the queue item. 0 and negative
# numbers represent error codes.)
elif nzbget_version >= 13:
nzbget_result = nzb_get_rpc.append(
nzb.name + '.nzb',
nzb_content_64 if nzb_content_64 is not None else nzb.url,
category, nzb_get_prio, False, False, dupekey, dupescore,
'score'
)
else:
if nzb_content_64 is not None:
nzbget_result = nzb_get_rpc.append(
nzb.name + '.nzb', category, nzb_get_prio, False,
nzb_content_64
)
else:
nzbget_result = nzb_get_rpc.appendurl(
nzb.name + '.nzb', category, nzb_get_prio, False, nzb.url
)
if nzbget_result:
log.debug('NZB sent to NZBget successfully, queued with NZBID {nzbid}', {'nzbid': nzbget_result})
return nzbget_result
else:
log.warning('NZBget could not add {name}.nzb to the queue',
{'name': nzb.name})
return nzbget_result
except Exception:
log.warning('Connect Error to NZBget: could not add {name}.nzb to the'
' queue', {'name': nzb.name})
return -1
@ttl_cache(60.0)
def _get_nzb_queue():
"""Return a list of all groups (nzbs) currently being donloaded or postprocessed."""
url = 'http{}://{}:{}@{}/xmlrpc'.format(
's' if app.NZBGET_USE_HTTPS else '',
quote(app.NZBGET_USERNAME, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_PASSWORD, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_HOST, safe='/:')
)
if not nzb_connection(url):
raise DownloadClientConnectionException('Error while fetching nzbget queue')
nzb_get_rpc = ServerProxy(url)
try:
nzb_groups = nzb_get_rpc.listgroups()
except ConnectionRefusedError as error:
raise DownloadClientConnectionException(f'Error while fetching nzbget history. Error: {error}')
return nzb_groups
@ttl_cache(60.0)
def _get_nzb_history():
"""Return a list of all groups (nzbs) from history."""
url = 'http{}://{}:{}@{}/xmlrpc'.format(
's' if app.NZBGET_USE_HTTPS else '',
quote(app.NZBGET_USERNAME, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_PASSWORD, safe=''),
quote(app.NZBGET_HOST, safe='/:')
)
if not nzb_connection(url):
raise DownloadClientConnectionException('Error while fetching nzbget history')
nzb_get_rpc = ServerProxy(url)
try:
nzb_groups = nzb_get_rpc.history()
except ConnectionRefusedError as error:
raise DownloadClientConnectionException(f'Error while fetching nzbget history. Error: {error}')
return nzb_groups
def get_nzb_by_id(nzb_id):
"""Look in download queue and history for a specific nzb."""
nzb_active = _get_nzb_queue()
for nzb in nzb_active or []:
with suppress(ValueError):
if nzb['NZBID'] == int(nzb_id):
return nzb
nzb_history = _get_nzb_history()
for nzb in nzb_history or []:
with suppress(ValueError):
if nzb['NZBID'] == int(nzb_id):
return nzb
def nzb_completed(nzo_id):
"""Check if an nzb has completed download."""
nzb = get_status(nzo_id)
if not nzb:
return False
return str(nzb) == 'Completed'
def get_status(nzo_id):
"""
Return nzb status (Paused, Downloading, Downloaded, Failed, Extracting).
:return: ClientStatus object.
"""
from medusa.schedulers.download_handler import ClientStatus
nzb = get_nzb_by_id(nzo_id)
status = None
if not nzb:
return False
client_status = ClientStatus()
# Map status to a standard ClientStatus.
if '/' in nzb['Status']:
status, _ = nzb['Status'].split('/')
else:
status = nzb['Status']
# Queue status checks (Queued is not recorded as status)
if status == 'DOWNLOADING':
client_status.set_status_string('Downloading')
if status == 'PAUSED':
client_status.set_status_string('Paused')
if status == 'UNPACKING':
client_status.set_status_string('Extracting')
# History status checks.
if status == 'DELETED': # Mostly because of duplicate checks.
client_status.set_status_string('Aborted')
if status == 'SUCCESS':
client_status.set_status_string('Completed')
if status == 'FAILURE':
client_status.set_status_string('Failed')
# Get Progress
if status == 'SUCCESS':
client_status.progress = 100
elif nzb.get('percentage'):
client_status.progress = int(nzb['percentage'])
client_status.destination = nzb.get('DestDir', '')
client_status.resource = nzb.get('NZBFilename')
return client_status
```
|
```css
Horizontal centering with `margin: 0 auto;`
Difference between `display: none` and `visibility: hidden`
Controlling cellpadding and cellspacing in CSS
Vertically-center anything
Avoid margin hacks with flexbox
```
|
The Camp Fire was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California's history, and the most expensive natural disaster in the world in 2018 in terms of insured losses.
Named after Camp Creek Road, its place of origin, the fire started on Thursday, November 8, 2018, in Northern California's Butte County. Ignited by a faulty electric transmission line, the fire originated above several communities and an east wind drove the fire downhill through developed areas. After exhibiting extreme fire spread, fireline intensity, and spotting behaviors through the rural community of Concow, an urban firestorm formed in the foothill town of Paradise. Drought was a factor: Paradise, which typically sees five inches of autumn rain by November 12, had only received one-seventh of an inch by that date in 2018. With the arrival of the first winter rainstorm of the season, the fire reached 100 percent containment after seventeen days on November 25.
The Camp Fire caused 85 civilian fatalities, with one person still missing as of August 2, 2019, and injured 12 civilians and five firefighters. It covered an area of , and destroyed more than 18,000 structures, with most of the destruction occurring within the first four hours. The towns of Paradise and Concow were almost completely destroyed, each losing about 95% of their structures. The towns of Magalia and Butte Creek Canyon were also largely destroyed. By January 2019, the total damage was estimated at $16.5 billion; one-quarter of the damage, $4 billion, was not insured. The Camp Fire also cost over $150 million in fire suppression costs, bringing the total cost of the fire to $16.65 billion.
The same month, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), the utility company responsible for the faulty power line, filed for bankruptcy, citing expected wildfire liabilities of $30 billion. On December 6, 2019, the utility made a settlement offer of $13.5 billion for the wildfire victims; the offer covered several devastating fires caused by the utility, including the Camp Fire. On June 16, 2020, the utility pleaded guilty to 84 counts of involuntary manslaughter.
The Camp Fire was the deadliest wildfire in the United States since the Cloquet fire in 1918 until it was surpassed by the Lāhainā fire's 98 fatalities in 2023. It is also the fourteenth-deadliest wildfire in the world and the seventh-deadliest U.S. wildfire overall.
Background
Fire hazard studies
In 2005, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) released a fire management plan for the region, which warned that the town of Paradise was at risk for an ember-driven conflagration similar to the Oakland firestorm of 1991. The report stated, "the greatest risk to the ridge communities is from an east wind driven fire that originates above the communities and blows downhill through developed areas."
The Camp Fire started in an area that had experienced 13 large wildfires since 1999. The area was most recently burned in 2008 following the Humboldt Fire and the larger Butte Lightning Complex fires. In June 2009, a Butte County civil grand jury report concluded that roads leading from Paradise and Upper Ridge communities had "significant constraints" and "capacity limitations" on their use as evacuation routes. The report noted a combination of road conditions "which increases the fire danger and the possibility of being closed due to fire and or smoke", namely sharp curves, inadequate shoulders, and fire hazards adjacent to shoulders, such as "fire fuel and steep slopes". The report also recommended a moratorium on new home construction in fire-prone areas. In September 2009, the Butte County Board of Supervisors called the grand jury report "not reasonable", citing improved building codes and fire prevention requirements as arguments against a moratorium.
Based on these reports, there had been warnings to Paradise city planners that they were not including study results in new plans. For example, in 2009, the town of Paradise proposed a reduced number of travel lanes on the roadways and received state funding from the California Department of Transportation to implement a road diet along Skyway, Pearson Road, and Clark Road, three of the town's main thoroughfares and evacuation routes.
In March 2015, an updated plan codified changes made after the 2008 fires that would convert Skyway into a one-way route during emergencies, effectively doubling its capacity.
Pre-fire fire prevention efforts
Residential development in wildland–urban interface areas such as Paradise and its vicinity are often located in state responsibility areas, where the State of California provides fire prevention and suppression. Due to a need for increased state resources to safeguard these communities, a special fee was imposed on property owners starting in 2011 to provide for fire prevention. However, the fee was largely unpopular and a measure to suspend and repeal the fee was approved by the California State Legislature in July 2017. Assemblyman Devon Mathis (Republican) claimed, "not one cent has gone to putting more boots on the ground."
Initially, much of the fire-fee revenue funded existing fire programs; the process of building out new prevention programs was slow. However, the revenue did fund projects such as secondary evacuation routes and fuel reduction zones. In August 2018, three months before the fire, fire safe councils in the Paradise region were awarded $5 million in grants from the fire prevention fee program to pay for fuel reduction and education projects.
Despite years of fuel reduction funded by special fees, numerous wildfires ravaged wildland–urban communities. Investigations found that PG&E power line failures during high winds had caused many of the fires. Utilities have the ability to disable dangerous power lines; however, the nearly 100-year-old transmission lines required intentional manual effort. PG&E shut off residential power to some customers, particularly in Paradise, in the days leading up to the fire. Following the 2017 North Bay fires, PG&E adopted a policy that precluded shutting off lines carrying more than 115 kV due to the number of customers who would be adversely affected by such a shutdown.
Infrastructure oversight inspection
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) is responsible for inspecting PG&E's electrical infrastructure. The scope of the CPUC in relation to the scope of electrical infrastructure is unbalanced, however, and the CPUC has had difficulty fulfilling their oversight mandate.
A CPUC inspection of the section of electrical infrastructure at the origin of the Camp Fire was omitted for six years. Many of the electrical towers are original to the Upper North Fork Feather River Project, which was constructed in the early 1900s. This section is the 115 kV Caribou-Palermo line. A 2009 inspection noted three-bolt connectors, used to join two conductors, were in need of replacement, which PG&E said had been done by 2016. In a 2011 audit, the CPUC found several thousand deficiencies, some of which PG&E disputed; it was not clear if the number of deficiencies on the Caribou-Palermo line was unusually high. A 2012 windstorm brought down five towers.
After the Camp Fire, the CPUC's Safety and Enforcement Table Mountain Division audited three years of the missing ten years of PG&E's records. A worn C-hook on a transmission tower touched off the fire—a hazard PG&E knew was urgent. Focusing on where the Camp Fire broke out, the audit found "the company was late in fixing 900 problems on its towers and other equipment, including two critical threats that regulators say languished more than 600 days before being repaired." In May 2018, the CPUC gave PG&E permission to replace the aging line, though the design did not include line hardening through high fire hazard areas.
Wildfire conditions and behavior
Conditions immediately leading up to and during the fire combined to create a highly combustible fuel load. These conditions included:
Heavy grass cover due to a wet spring
An unusually dry fall
Decreased humidity due to several recent wind events (23% dropping to 10%)
Unusually dry fuel (5% 1,000-hr. moisture level)
Hot, dry, sustained and gusting high katabatic winds (25–35 mph), similar to the Diablo wind or the Santa Ana winds of the California Coast Ranges, locally known as the Jarbo winds.
The day the fire started, November 8, the fuel energy release component was above the historic record for that date; the first autumn rain normally occurs before November 1. In addition, the strong winds caused a Red Flag Warning to be issued on the day the fire started.
Regional previous burn patterns and topography also contributed to the fire. In Paradise, across from Rattlesnake Creek, the local fuel had never burned in recorded history. In addition, steep canyons in the area made firefighting access difficult.
Combined, the conditions formed a recipe for a firestorm. A subsequent Cal Fire report noted, "When the fire reached the town of Paradise, an urban firestorm began to spread from building to building, independent of vegetation." It was compared to the July 27, 1943, Royal Air Force bombing that caused the firestorm that consumed Hamburg, Germany, and killed an estimated 42,600 people, during World War II.
Timeline
Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) notified customers for two days before November 8 that it might shut down power due to a forecast of high winds and low humidity. Ultimately, PG&E de-energized portions of Paradise on November 7, but not on November 8; however, even de-energizing Paradise would not have prevented the fire unless PG&E chose to perform the manually intensive task of shutting down their 115 kV transmission lines located in and near Pulga, California. The National Weather Service had issued a red flag warning for most of Northern California's interior, as well as Southern California, through the morning of November 9.
Early November 8 the northeasterly "Jarbo Winds" formed; a katabatic wind off the Great Basin that picked up speed as it funneled through the Feather Canyon.
On Thursday, November 8, 2018, around 6:15 a.m. there was a problem on a PG&E power transmission line above Poe Dam near Pulga, California in Butte County. A fire under power transmission lines near Poe Dam was reported to Cal Fire by a PG&E Rock Creek Powerhouse worker at 6:33 a.m. PST. The fire was first reported to the Rock Creek Powerhouse by a PG&E field crew. The location is accessed by Camp Creek Road above Poe Dam and the Feather River railroad tracks. Soon after this report, a size-up fire officer was dispatched. Within minutes, a few other people, most of them other PG&E workers, called in about the fire.
An electrical machinist took two photos of the fire at 6:44 a.m., when it had grown to , and four minutes later two other employees sent in 21 photos and three videos. That afternoon airborne observers noted that an insulator had separated from the tower. PG&E later reported that power lines were down.
Arriving ten minutes later, Captain Matt McKenzie, the first unit on scene, observed rapid fire growth and extreme fire behavior. Possibly saving many, he radioed in a request for resources and evacuations with a note, "this has got potential for a major incident," and that he was "still working on [finding a way to] access [the fire]." Access to the fire was by a narrow mountain road, which the fire engines were too large to navigate. Air resources had to wait until 30 minutes after sunrise, i.e., 7:14 a.m., but due to winds, aircraft were not on the fire until the afternoon.
The community of Concow did not receive an evacuation warning before the fire arrived less than twenty minutes later around 7 a.m. A call at 7:07 a.m. from someone directly observing the fire reported it in Concow with high winds on it, they said it was "rippin'". Several additional calls from Concow followed soon thereafter. At 7:23 a.m. the Butte County Sheriff's Office began evacuating Pulga.
Calls from Concow and Paradise continued for an hour at nearly one call per minute to report a fire — all were told there was no danger, that the fire was north of Concow off Highway 70, that there was no evacuation, and that authorities would contact residents if there were danger.
By 8 a.m. PST, the fire entered the town of Paradise. Several minutes later, "the Butte County Fire Department notified Paradise dispatchers of their orders to evacuate the entire town" which would be in a sequence of zones beginning with the east side of town. At some point that day, emergency shelters were established. Wind speeds approached , allowing the fire to grow rapidly. Most residents of Concow and many residents of Paradise were unable to evacuate before the fire arrived. Due to the speed of the fire, firefighters for the most part never attempted to prevent the flames from entering Concow or Paradise, and instead sought to help people get out alive. According to Chief Scott McLean of Cal Fire, "Pretty much the community of Paradise is destroyed, it's that kind of devastation. The wind that was predicted came and just wiped it out."
The first hours saw a cascade of failures in the emergency alert system, rooted in its patchwork, opt-in nature, and compounded by a loss of 17 cell towers. Thousands of calls to 9-1-1 inundated two emergency dispatchers on duty. Emergency alerts suffered human error as city officials failed to include four at-risk areas of the city in evacuation orders and technical error as emergency alerts failed to reach 94 percent of residents in some areas and even in areas with the highest success still failed to reach 25 percent of those residents signed up.
The day after the fire started, PG&E employees noted the Big Bend's line equipment on the ground.
On November 10, an estimate placed the number of structures destroyed at 6,713, which surpassed the Tubbs Fire as the most destructive wildfire in California history, but that has since been updated to 18,793.
By November 15, 5,596 firefighters, 622 engines, 75 water tenders, 101 handcrews, 103 bulldozers, and 24 helicopters from all over the Western United States were deployed to fight the fire.
In the first week, the fire burned tens of thousands of acres per day. Containment on the western half was achieved when the fire reached primary highway and roadway arteries that formed barriers. In the second week the fire expanded by several thousand acres per day along a large uncontained fire line. Each day, containment increased by 5 percent along the uncontained eastern half of the fire that expanded into open timber and high country.
November 9, the fire burned .
November 10, the fire was and 20 percent contained.
November 13, the fire was and 30 percent contained.
November 14 PG&E employees noted a broken C hook and a disconnected insulation anchor on a nearby tower.
November 15, the fire was 140,000 acres and 40 percent contained.
November 16, the fire was 146,000 acres and 50 percent contained.
November 17, the fire was 149,000 acres and 55 percent contained.
November 21, 85 percent containment; with rain falling, fire activity from November 21-on described as minimal.
November 22, 90 percent containment.
Heavy rainfall started on November 21, which helped contain the fire. Fire crews pulled back and let the rain put out the remaining fires while teams searched for victims.
On November 25, 2018, Cal Fire announced that the fire had reached 100 percent containment and a total burn area of .
Impact
Fatalities and injuries
There were a large number of fatalities in the first several hours of the fire, but they were not found quickly. Discovery of these early fatalities took place over the course of the following two weeks. In the first week, nearly ten victims per day were found. In the second week, that lowered to several victims per day. Victims were still being found in the third week and beyond.
November 10, fourteen bodies were discovered, bringing casualties to 23.
November 11, casualties increased to 29 after another six bodies discovered.
November 13, casualties increased to 48, making it the single-deadliest wildfire in California history, surpassing the 1933 Griffith Park Fire, which killed 29 people.
November 14, casualties increased from 48 to 56.
November 16, casualties increased from 63 to 71.
November 17, An additional five deaths brought the total to 76. President Donald Trump, Governor Jerry Brown, Governor-elect Gavin Newsom, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) director Brock Long toured the Paradise area, and they held a short conference in the afternoon.
November 18, casualties raised to 77.
November 19, casualties raised to 79.
November 20, casualties raised to 81.
November 21, casualties raised to 83.
November 23, casualties raised to 87.
December 3, casualties revised to 85 after human remains in three separate bags were identified to be the same victim.
Identification of the deceased was hampered by the fragmentary condition of many bodies. Ten of 18 dentists in Paradise lost their offices and patient records in the fire. Two of the dead were identified from the serial numbers on artificial joints, 15 from dental records, five from fingerprints and 50 from DNA. Funerals and benefits were delayed by the identification difficulties. As of 2022, a few victims are still unidentified and are undergoing testing and identification by the DNA Doe Project.
Traffic jams on the few evacuation routes led to cars being abandoned while people evacuated on foot, but did not contribute to any deaths. At least seven deaths occurred when the fire overtook people who were trapped in their vehicles, most on Edgewood Road, as well as one person outside a vehicle and two on ATVs. Some residents who were unable to evacuate survived by sheltering in place at the American gas station and the Nearly New antique store across the street. Others gathered in the nearby parking lot shared by a KMart and a Save Mart. The survival of some of those who sheltered in place has raised the question of whether in some scenarios last-minute mass evacuations provide the best outcomes, with some pointing to Australia's policy discouraging them, instituted following the 1983 Ash Wednesday brushfires in which many of the 75 dead were killed while trying to evacuate. However, 70 of the 84 fatalities listed in the Butte County District Attorney's Camp Fire investigation summary occurred inside or immediately outside the victim's residences, indicating that failure to evacuate contributed to many more deaths (70) than occurred while evacuating (8).
Many seniors were evacuated by passersby and neighbors, with at least one account of dozens of evacuees jumping into a reservoir to escape the flames.
Butte County Sheriff's Department initially reported a partial death count for each community (total 67): 50 in Paradise, 7 in Concow, 9 in Magalia, and 1 in Chico.
In two separate incidents, a pair of fire captains, a firefighter, and a pair of prison inmate firefighters were burned. The first incident was a burnover, and the second incident was an exploding propane tank.
Summary of impact on population and first responders reported by Cal Fire.
Structural damage and displacement
The fire forced the evacuation of Paradise, Magalia, Centerville, Concow, Pulga, Butte Creek Canyon,
Berry Creek and Yankee Hill and threatened the communities of Butte Valley, Chico, Forest Ranch, Helltown, Inskip, Oroville, and Stirling City.
The community of Concow and the town of Paradise were destroyed within the first six hours of the fire, losing an estimated 95 percent of their buildings. The town of Magalia also suffered substantial damage, and the community of Pulga, California suffered some. Nearly 19,000 buildings were destroyed, most of them homes, along with five public schools in Paradise, a rest home, churches, part of Feather River hospital, a Christmas tree farm, a large shopping center anchored by a Safeway, several fast food chains, such as Black Bear Diner and McDonald's, and numerous small businesses, as well. The Honey Run Covered Bridge over nearby Butte Creek, the last three-span Pratt-style truss bridge in the United States, was incinerated on November 10.
In May 2019, NPR reported that more than 1,000 families who were displaced by the fire were still looking for housing six months later. Rural northern California had been experiencing a severe housing shortage and growing homelessness crisis, compounded in part due to the fire. Prior to the fire, Chico had a housing vacancy rate of less than 3 percent. The loss of several thousand residences placed additional strain on Butte County's housing market. Average list prices for homes were reported to have increased by more than 10 percent.
Summary of structural damage reported by Cal Fire:
Note: Cal Fire damage updates do not contain categories tagged with *, however, a count was given November 17; also, '~' denotes an estimate.
Environmental
The smoke from the fire resulted in widespread air pollution throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and Central Valley, prompting the closure of public schools in five Bay Area counties and dozens of districts in the Sacramento metropolitan area on November 16. Smoke was reportedly visible as far away as New York City after smoke plumes traveled a distance of over 3,000 miles. John Balmes, a physician at the University of California, Berkeley who sits on the California Air Resources Board, noted that the fire "[resulted in] the worst air pollution [ever] for the Bay Area and northern California."
Recovery efforts were slowed as crews tested burned debris for environmental contaminants such as asbestos, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, arsenic, dioxins, and other hazardous materials that may have burned or spread in the fire.
The Butte County Health Officer, Andy Miller, declared the burned region uninhabitable. A strong warning was issued against rehabitation, noting, "[you] will be exposed to hazardous materials." In the weeks following the fire, Paradise City Council and Butte County Supervisors passed emergency ordinances to alleviate the delay in FEMA temporary housing by allowing residents to return to their land and live in temporary residences until the cleanup was completed and they could rebuild. However, with additional information it was clear there was a significant risk to public health and in early February 2019,
FEMA's Federal Coordinating Officer David Samaniego forced policymakers to retract the accommodation and remove residents from the burn area. Those policymakers released an announcement, "The Town of Paradise and Butte County were informed that emergency ordinances intended to provide a process for citizens to return to their properties prior to removal of the debris may impact federal funding. The disaster assistance is predicated on the need to remedy health and safety hazards that pose an immediate risk to citizens prior to living in recreational vehicles on their properties with structures burned during the Camp Fire." Emotions were summed up by resident Ben Walker while addressing the Paradise City Council: "I'm asking you not to throw the people of this town into the cold in the middle of winter. If the option is to choose federal money to rebuild the town, or the people to rebuild the town—choose the people".
Multiple drinking water systems across the burn area were chemically contaminated, and contaminated building plumbing. Benzene levels found in some drinking water samples, from multiple systems, exceeded hazardous waste levels. Other contaminants such as methylene chloride, vinyl chloride monomer, naphthalene, and others were also found above allowable drinking water exposure limits. In particular, methylene chloride was present above safe drinking water limits when benzene was not detected indicating benzene was not a predictor of wildfire contaminated water. Sources of this contamination are thought to include smoke being sucked into depressurized buried and building water system components and the thermal degradation of plastics in the water systems themselves. Investigators found that traditional methods of calculating burn severity using satellite imagery were not appropriate for classifying localized burn severity within WUI communities. Density of structural loss was more predictive of water system contamination. Studies revealed significant hardship by households across the burn area who had standing homes lacking safe water. Household drinking water and plumbing education efforts were conducted by Purdue University, University of California Berkeley, Butte College, and Chico State University researchers in collaboration with the Camp Fire Zone Project. In 2020, the U.S. National Academies convened a workshop to address questions related to post-wildfire public health challenges.
Economic
The volume of insurance claims overwhelmed Merced Property and Casualty Company, a small insurer founded in 1906, to the point of insolvency (policyholders' surplus $25 million). In response to a notice given by the company, the California Department of Insurance reviewed and then placed it into liquidation. This allows the California Insurance Guarantee Association, a state guaranty association, to cover claims. The Department of Insurance will continue with a review of all insurers with a domicile in California so to determine the exposure of each to Camp Fire losses. An estimate by the Los Angeles Times of Merced Property and Casualty Company's assets and reinsurance shows that they would only be able to cover 150 homes out of the 14,000 homes destroyed in a region where they were one of the only companies that still provided fire insurance policies despite the region being categorized as a high fire-hazard severity zone by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. This is the only known instance of an insurance company becoming insolvent from a single event.
On November 16, the Chico city council passed an emergency ordinance to prohibit price gouging in Chico, by preventing the cost of rent, goods or services from being increased by more than 10 percent for 6 months.
PG&E bankruptcy
Facing potential liabilities of $30 billion from the wildfire, the electrical utility that was responsible for the transmission line suspected of sparking the wildfire, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), on January 14, 2019, began the process of filing for bankruptcy with a 15-day notice of intention to file for bankruptcy protection. On January 29, 2019, PG&E Corporation, the parent corporation of PG&E, filed for bankruptcy protection. Because fire survivors are unsecured creditors with the same priority as bondholders, they will only be paid in proportion to their claim size if anything is left after secured and priority claims are paid; it nearly ensures that they will not get paid in full. PG&E had a deadline of June 30, 2020 to exit bankruptcy in order to participate in the California state wildfire insurance fund established by AB 1054 that helps utilities pay for future wildfire claims.
PG&E settled for $1 billion with state and local governments in June, 2019, and settled for $11 billion with insurance carriers and hedge funds in September, 2019. Claims for wildfire victims consist of wrongful death, personal injuries, property loss, business losses, and other legal damages. Representatives for wildfire victims said PG&E owed $54 billion or more, and PG&E was offering $8.4 billion for fire damages, Cal Fire, and FEMA. FEMA originally requested PG&E for $3.9 billion from the wildfire victims fund, threatening to take the money from individual wildfire victims if PG&E did not pay, and Cal OES had an overlapping $2.3 billion request, but they later settled for $1 billion after all wildfire victims are paid.
On November 12, 2019, PG&E in its proposed reorganization plan provided an additional $6.6 billion for the claims of wildfire victims and other claimants, increasing the amount to $13.5 billion. In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), this puts the total amount for fire claims at $25.5 billion. This consists of $11 billion to insurance companies and investment funds, $1 billion to state and local governments, and $13.5 billion for other claims.
On December 6, 2019, PG&E proposed to settle the wildfire victim claims for a total of $13.5 billion, which would cover liability for its responsibility originating from the Camp Fire, Tubbs Fire, Butte Fire, Ghost Ship warehouse fire, and also a series of wildfires beginning on October 8, 2017, collectively called the 2017 North Bay Fires. The offer was tendered as part of PG&E's plan to exit bankruptcy. Wildfire victims will get half of their $13.5 billion settlement as stock shares in the reorganized company, adding to the uncertainty as to when and how much they will be paid. On June 12, 2020, because of uncertainties in the value of the liquidated stock, in part because of the financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, PG&E agreed to increase the amount of stock.
On June 16, 2020, PG&E pleaded guilty to 84 counts of involuntary manslaughter for those that died in the Camp Fire, for which it will pay the maximum fine of $3.5 million and end all further criminal charges against PG&E. This action does not alleviate PG&E of any future civil claims by victims of the Camp Fire which would fall outside the bankruptcy proceedings, as well as how existing litigation against PG&E may be handled.
On Saturday, June 20, 2020, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali issued the final approval of the plan for the reorganized PG&E to exit bankruptcy, meeting the June 30, 2020 deadline for PG&E to qualify for the California state wildfire insurance fund for utilities.
Fire Victim Trust
On July 1, 2020, the PG&E Fire Victim Trust (FVT) was established as part of the reorganization plan of the 2019 bankruptcy of PG&E to administer the claims of the wildfire victims. Also on July 1, PG&E funded the FVT with $5.4 billion in cash and 22.19% of stock in the reorganized PG&E, which covered most of the obligations of its settlement for the wildfire victims. PG&E had two more payments totaling $1.35 billion in cash that were paid in January 2021 and January 2022 to complete its obligations to the wildfire victims. For additional funding, on January 28, 2021, the FVT sued multiple PG&E contractors responsible for tree trimming, infrastructure inspections and maintenance for breach of contract and neglect, and on February 24, 2021, sued 22 former PG&E officers and directors for breach of fiduciary duty by failing to put in place policies and practices to respond to deficient tree trimming work and aging infrastructure. On September 29, 2022, the FVT announced that they had settled the lawsuit against PG&E's former officers and directors for $117 million.
Initially, the Trustee, the Honorable John K. Trotter (Ret.), and the Claims Administrator, Cathy Yanni, were in charge of the FVT. On July 1, 2022, Cathy Yanni became Trustee of the FVT, replacing Justice John Trotter. Claimants are wildfire victims from the 2015 Butte Fire, 2017 North Bay Fires, and 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California. The 2017 Tubbs Fire is considered to be one of the 2017 North Bay Fires. Victims of the 2019 Kincade Fire are not covered by the FVT. Victims of the 2016 Ghost Ship warehouse fire are not covered by the FVT, but by PG&E's insurance coverage for the year 2016.
Claims for wildfire victims include real estate and personal property, personal income loss, business loss, wrongful death, personal injury, emotional distress, zone of danger, and nuisance claims. Wildfire victims will be paid in cash, funded partly from the cash portion of the settlement, and partly from 478 million shares of PG&E stock that will be liquidated into cash on a schedule and at a price that is not yet determined. Starting November 23, 2020, the FVT began issuing Preliminary Payments up to $25,000 for those with significant losses. There were 71,394 wildfire victims who filed claims by the deadline of February 26, 2021. Starting March 15, 2021, the FVT began issuing the first installment of Pro Rata Payments (partial payments) to eligible claimants. This first installment was 30% of the Approved Claim Amount for their damages, because the total amount of money available to the FVT is unknown. Starting February 15, 2022, the FVT began issuing payments with a Pro Rata of 45%, meaning that those that had already received a payment would get a supplemental payment, and payments made after February 15, 2022, would be at 45%. As of September 30, 2022, there were 244,292 distinct claims that had been filed, and the FVT had distributed $5.08 billion to 49,301 wildfire victims.
Investigation
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and state utility regulators investigated Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) to determine if they complied with state laws in the areas burned in the fire. The Associated Press noted the fire started near a property where PG&E detected sparks on the day before its outbreak. PG&E was convicted of a felony due to a gas pipeline explosion in 2010 and is on probation, which means penalties for subsequent crimes are enhanced. PG&E also reported damage to the Caribou-Palermo transmission line 15 minutes before flames were first reported under the wires; the same line was previously damaged in a windstorm in December 2012.
Investigators believe that the failure of a badly maintained steel hook holding up a high voltage line was a key cause of the fire. A PG&E report to CPUC on December 11, 2018, said that "it had found a hook designed to hold up power lines on the tower was broken before the fire, and that the pieces showed wear."
A distribution line in Concow malfunctioned a half hour later, which was considered as a possible second ignition source. On November 11, PG&E employees saw bullets and bullet holes on pole equipment from the Big Bend distribution line affected by that outage, and downed wires, damaged poles and fallen trees about two thirds of a mile away.
Following the fire, multiple fire victims sued PG&E and its parent company in San Francisco County Superior Court before a definite cause had been determined, accusing PG&E of failure to properly maintain its infrastructure and equipment. In mid-May 2019, California state investigators announced that PG&E was responsible for the fire. The Cal Fire report was sent to the Butte County District Attorney Mike Ramsey.
Response
First responders
While successful in evacuating nearly the entire town of Paradise, first responders were limited by an insufficient number of cell phone repeaters, which resulted in communication difficulties and reduced Internet speed: "Paradise quickly lost its equipment, the California Public Utilities Commission confirmed." The wildfire alert system was similarly hampered by damaged cell towers; 17 towers burned the first day. Many residents didn't sign up for the warnings, some neighborhoods for some reason did not receive any warnings, and the failure rate of the warnings that did get sent ranged from 25 to 94 percent.
Randall L. Stephenson, AT&T CEO, committed to fixing this problem, as AT&T added mobile repeaters to improve coverage. Two weeks into the fire, 66 cell repeaters were still damaged or out of service, and the remaining cell infrastructure was overloaded.
Only two dispatchers were on duty to field thousands of calls to 911.
Initial widespread confusion about reporting missing people limited the search for victims. The Butte County Sheriff's Office opened a call center, staffed daily from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., to provide and receive information and inquiries on missing persons.
The North Valley Animal Disaster Group worked with law enforcement and other shelters, rescue groups and independent operations to rescue and reunite pets and families, and established an animal shelter at the Chico Airport.
Fire resources were stretched as the fire began on the same day as the Woolsey Fire and the Hill Fire in Southern California. Camp Fire resource requests alone equalled the entire 6,000 Cal Fire full-time fire professionals. Both fires pulled resources from 17 states to respond.
By the second day of the fire, only half the fire resources had assembled. The initial response within Paradise was shouldered by Paradise's three fire engines in stations 81, 82, and 83, and the two engines at Butte County Cal Fire Station 35.
At the height of deployment, there were 5,596 firefighters (including 770 inmate firefighters), 622 engines, 75 water tenders, 101 fire crews, 103 bulldozers, 24 helicopters, and 12 fixed-wing aircraft.
On the morning of ignition, high winds limited fixed-wing air support. By that afternoon, calming winds allowed for 9 fixed-wing aircraft on the fire, including 5 - 1,200-gal S-2 Trackers, 3 - 3,000-gal BAE 146s, and a 12,000-gal DC-10 Air Tanker. Eventually, three additional aircraft were deployed from out of state, including 2 - 1,620-gal CL-415 Super Scoopers that arrived from their home in Washington on November 9 and a 19,600-gal 747 Supertanker that arrived from its home in Colorado on November 11 after gaining a contract to work on federal land.
The California National Guard activated 700 soldiers to assist, including 100 military police officers from the 49th Brigade to provide security and search for remains with the assistance of 22 cadaver dogs. The
2632nd Transportation company provided haul trucks. The 140th Regiment provided air support. The 224th Sustainment Brigade constructed Alaska tents for temporary facilities.
Evacuation centers
From November 8 to December 1, an encampment formed in a vacant lot next to the Walmart store in nearby Chico. The camp was in addition to motel room vouchers from FEMA and ten shelters established by the Red Cross and churches to house evacuees. Over a hundred people had become ill with norovirus at the shelters due to poor hygiene in overcrowded centers—prompting many to camp outdoors. Volunteers from across the region came to the camp and provided services for food, shelter, and sanitation; fire refugees referred to their camp as 'Wallywood.' The camp population swelled to over a thousand people. Butte County has a persistent homeless population of 7,500 people; many reside in Chico, and some campers were revealed as resident homeless people who did not live in the fire zone. On December 1, the firefighter camp facilities at the Butte County Fairgrounds became available, whereupon the Walmart camp was closed and the field fenced off, with the remaining fifty refugees relocated to the firefighters' camp.
Mental health support
Recovery efforts included supporting the mental health of Camp Fire victims, particularly the youth. Some former residents reported survivor guilt, troubling dreams, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. To ease the stress on fire victims, several people brought therapy dogs from the Butte Humane Society's Animal Assisted Wellness program. Lise Van Susteren summarized the burden these children bear in experiencing climate change, "These kids are at the tip of the spear."
Environmental cleanup
The Camp Fire cleanup became the largest hazardous material cleanup in state history. Due to the time required to clean up a town of nearly 30,000 people and surrounding rural metro region of another 3,000 people, and the infeasible task of developing temporary housing, residents were allowed to take up residence on their burned-out lots, which possibly exposed them to hazardous materials. Winter rains began at the end of the Camp Fire and as a result, hazardous contaminants soaked into the ground and ran into waterways which raised concerns for the drinking water. Another concern was benzene contamination from burning plastic pipes. Paradise tested sections of their water supply and initially "22 out of 24 water systems were tested" and announced as passed. Later, the Paradise Irrigation District issued a notice that the water is contaminated and cannot be used. For water tributaries within the 244-square-mile burn, "a months-long water monitoring program [sampled] surface water at least seven times through spring 2019." While heavy metals and dioxins were concerns, a more pressing public health issue was an intestinal parasite, cryptosporidium, to which bare soil provided greater access to water systems.
FEMA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) collaborated on developing a site to process fire zone demolition and remediation debris. Of fifty potential sites within thirty miles of Paradise, they identified the 200-acre Koppers Superfund Site in Oroville as a suitable site based on an industrial zoning and a rail spur; the site ultimately was dismissed due to concerns of toxicity. After consideration, all fifty sites were rejected and instead, hazardous waste, such as electronics, car batteries, and asbestos were hauled several hours by trucks directly from the individual cleanup sites to landfills in California and Nevada.
The government procurement for cleanup was broken into several contract packages and put out to public bid to remove, process, and dispose of 5 million tons of materials at a cost of $3 billion:
ECC Constructors LLC, SF Bay Area, CA: Remove debris from half of Paradise, CA ($359 million).
SPSG Partners, a joint venture of Pacific States Environmental Contractors (in partnership with De Silva Gates Construction, Dublin, CA), Goodfellow Brothers Construction, and Sukut Construction, Santa Ana, CA: Remove debris from half of Paradise, CA ($378 million).
CERES Environmental Services (aka Environmental & Demolition Services Group), Sarasota, FL: Remove debris from areas outside the town of Paradise ($263 million).
Tetra Tech, Pasadena, CA: Test soils for contamination ($250 million). Note that parent company Tetra Tech EC faked soil tests in Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco; two company supervisors were sentenced to prison.
Offhaul contracts went to several local sites, which avoided the need for rail offhaul to out of state sites:
Waste Management; Anderson, CA: Contaminated demolition, such as ash, debris, and soil.
Recology; Wheatland, CA: Contaminated demolition, such as ash, debris, and soil.
Odin Metal; Oroville, CA: Metals, such as burned vehicles and equipment.
Granite's Pacific Heights Recycling; Oroville, CA: Concretes, such as house foundations and driveways.
Franklin Recycling; Paradise, CA: Concretes, such as house foundations and driveways.
Concrete will be shipped out of the county by truck as needed.
The Paradise Fire Safe Council is looking at putting out bids for salvage logging the 443,000 dead trees, which would otherwise be the responsibility of homeowners at a combined cost of $750 million. There are challenges—such as logging must be within a few months or the trees will begin to rot—these challenges are being tested through a pilot program.
Wildland and climate
The Los Angeles Times reported the Camp Fire burned across an area burned to bare dirt by a hot burning wildfire ten years earlier, then salvage logged; fire ecologist Chad Hanson suggested brush piles and young trees left over after the salvage logging provided fast-burning fuels aiding the fire's rapid spread. The Camp Fire was initially fueled by dry grass amid sparse pine and oak woodlands. This drove most of the post-event discussion away from timber management as a future fire-prevention solution.
The fire was largely driven by extreme weather conditions — high winds and low humidity — and spread through fuels parched by more than 200 days without significant precipitation, part of a statewide drought related to climate change.
The Sacramento Bee looked at if residential development is appropriate in the Sierra Nevada wildland-urban zones, quoting a former Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District chief, "There's just some places a subdivision shouldn't be built." Issues include if development can be safe, and if safe, what building codes and emergency response infrastructure would be needed. That discussion pointed to other Sierra Foothill communities similar to Paradise. Cal Fire states "Those kinds of geographic features are present in many foothill towns." Those features include proximity and alignment to river canyons channeling wind-fed flames over foothill communities. Visiting Professor Moritz (UC Santa Barbara) notes "if we were to go back and do the wind mapping, we would find, at some intervals, these areas are prone to these north and northeasterly [strong hot autumn wind] events."
Political
On November 10, then-U.S. president Donald Trump misleadingly stated that "There is no reason for these massive, deadly and costly forest fires in California except that forest management is so poor", including the Camp Fire and the concurrent Woolsey Fire in Southern California. In a tweet, he threatened to end federal assistance unless "gross mismanagement of the forests" is remedied.
Trump elaborated on his claims in an interview with Chris Wallace and during his trip to Paradise, stating "you got to take care of the floors. You know the floors of the forest — very important" and "[Finland] spent a lot of time on raking and cleaning and doing things and they don't have any problem." Finland's president Sauli Niinistö was baffled by Trump's assertions and denied they talked about raking, leading to an Internet phenomenon of Finnish people sharing photos of themselves sarcastically raking forests with items such as house brooms and vacuum cleaners.
Some fire experts refuted Trump's claims, noting Californians were experiencing unusually dry conditions and abnormally high fire danger. Brian Rice, president of the California Professional Firefighters, described Trump's assertion about state forest management practices as "demeaning" and "dangerously wrong", noting that 60 percent of California forests are directly managed by federal agencies, primarily the United States Forest Service, which had reduced spending on forest management in recent years.
Regardless of the assertions for greater attention to raking by the President at the time, an ongoing discussion in California had revolved around the issue of increasing fire hazard due to a buildup of fuels. In 2016, prior to the Camp Fire, then Governor Jerry Brown warned that this is "the new normal", yet in September 2016, despite unanimous legislative approval, California Governor Brown vetoed Senate Bill 1463, which aimed to reduce the risk of power lines sparking fires in brush-covered and wooded areas. The key provisions in SB1463 were requirements to define in R.15-05-006 what "Enhanced mitigation measures" means and to explain how concerns of regional fire agencies were incorporated into R.15-05-006. The Governor pointed out that the bill duplicated ongoing efforts by Cal-Fire and PG&E in fire mapping power lines with R.15-05-006. Subsequent to the veto, "on January 19, 2018 the CPUC adopted, via Safety and Enforcement Division's (SED) disposition of a Tier 1 Advice Letter, the final CPUC Fire-Threat Map." See the resulting firemap here, the region that would become the Camp Fire ignition point is a Tier 2 (elevated) hazard, which is a large area that burned heavily in 2008, and much of the burn area is Tier 3 (extreme), which had never burned in recorded history
Following the Camp Fire, the CPUC moved on a new approach to fire prevention with a vote on December 15, 2018, to improve rules governing when utilities should disable power lines to reduce the risk of fires.
US District Court Judge William Alsup ruled May 7, 2019 that the board of PG&E would be required to tour the fire area, at a hearing on the utility's violation of its criminal Federal probation for its negligence in causing the 2010 San Bruno natural gas pipeline failure and subsequent explosion. This violation of Federal probation predated the Camp Fire; after the 2017 Honey Fire, a much smaller but also in Butte County, investigators found that PG&E equipment started that fire. The company settled with prosecutors but did not properly report these events to its Federal probation officer.
Electrical infrastructure hardening
Going forward post-Camp Fire, policymakers are looking at options to harden the California energy distribution infrastructure against wildfires. A key constraint is that California is reliant on a system of centralized electrical generation with distribution to end-users. One proposal to prevent fires is underground distribution similar to modern suburban electrical distribution. In November 2018 and initiated prior to the Camp Fire, PG&E piloted in the North Bay a hardened section of electrical infrastructure.
While buried power lines will reduce the risk of sparking wildfires, however, that solution increases distribution infrastructure cost by 10 times. A suggestion to reduce cost is to harden the sections of high energy lines through high wind areas upwind of residential communities in the wildland–urban interface, in particular, around river canyons pointing to those residential areas. The State Legislaturers have made efforts towards this strategy, however, while PG&E piloted a segment of hardened infrastructure, PG&E also diverted half the funds intended by the Legislature for this purpose. Hardening utilities with underground placement is common, such as gas and fiber-optic, which are usually buried The cost to install overhead utilities is $500,000 per mile, while underground utilities are $5 million per mile.
Given the high cost of hardening, figuring out which sections to harden is therefore important. Of 175,000 miles of Californian electrical infrastructure, 80,000 miles is fireprone; currently, those 175,000 miles breakdown into 81,000 miles of overhead electrical distribution, 26,000 miles of underground distribution, and 18,000 miles of overhead-high voltage-transmission. Regardless of the solution chosen, as development and buildout of the State economy continues, that utility distribution system will expand, possibly doubling the current system in the next years. Policymakers will decide if an investment in hardened distribution is equitable and if the existing distribution should be modified as a single project or as a piecemeal replacement as sections of lines require replacement.
Recovery
The first two building permits were reissued for Paradise after almost five months on March 28, 2019. Local public policymakers want to promote rebuilding with higher standards for fire-resistant construction, upgraded infrastructure, and using the recommended 2009 redesigns for enhanced fire safety, which included expanded road capacity to increase evacuation capacity and to provide better access for emergency equipment. The first Certificate of Occupancy was awarded in July 2019.
The Paradise Seventh-day Adventist church was completely destroyed, as was part of its adjacent academy. Estimates were that at least 600 homes of Adventist Health employees in Paradise had been destroyed. When power was restored to the site, the church began providing free potable water to neighbors. Its leaders said, "Though the physical attributes of our earthly Paradise are destroyed, the spirit of Paradise has spread across the country and around the world, as people are moved to volunteer resources to help." Most other places of worship were also destroyed, including Our Savior Lutheran Church, Ridge Presbyterian Church, Paradise Church of Christ, First Assembly of God, Craig Memorial Congregational Church, Paradise Foursquare, New Life Apostolic Church, Paradise Pentecostal Church of God, and Community Church of the Brethren. The lead pastor of Hope Christian Church, Stan Freitas, wrote, "Building was burnt down, but cross and rock still standing." "The church is still alive." A Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS) meetinghouse and a Center for Spiritual Living were also destroyed.
A community interfaith memorial was held on February 8, 2019, at the Paradise Performing Arts Center. The event was their grand re-opening since the Camp Fire. Over a dozen faith traditions offered a free celebration of life for the lives lost in the Camp Fire. The event was broadcast by Action News Now, NBC attended by 800+ Butte County community members. The event, which promoted healing, unity, and a time for the community to reconnect was sponsored by the Chico Area Interfaith Council. Families received remembrance gifts, and there was prayer, two choirs, piano, and a tribute to each individual who lost their life. The memorial was hosted by Linda Watkins-Bennett and Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter Red Grammer performed his song called, "We're Made of Love", which was written for the memorial.
Documentaries
2019 Netflix documentary titled Fire in Paradise
2019 Frontline documentary also titled Fire in Paradise
2020 National Geographic documentary titled Rebuilding Paradise
2020 This Old House Season 41 featured a four-episode series about families rebuilding their homes after the fire.
2021 BBC One documentary titled Greta Thunberg: A Year to Change the World with Greta Thunberg speaking to witnesses of the wildfires in Paradise
2021 Bring Your Own Brigade produced and directed by Lucy Walker
In 2021, LA Times sports columnist Bill Plaschke wrote a book entitled Paradise Found: A High School Football Team’s Rise from the Ashes (2021), about how the Paradise High School football team inspired the people of Paradise after the Camp Fire. The book has been optioned for a feature film adaptation to be produced by 101 Studios, who produces Yellowstone.
See also
2018 California wildfires
Woolsey Fire – A destructive wildfire that burned concurrently in Southern California
Lytton wildfire - A Canadian wildfire that burned 90% of Lytton, British Columbia in 2021
List of fires
Pacific Gas and Electric Company disasters
Notes
References
External links
Butte County Recovers
Camp Fire Incident Information fire.ca.gov. This site publishes press releases and twice-daily "Incident Updates" listing numbers of casualties, structures lost or damages, information on shelters and resources for missing persons, and resources committed to fighting the blaze.
Camp Fire Incident Maps fire.ca.gov. Daily maps showing fire progression.
Camp Fire Structure Status. Color coded status of each structure, and images of each destroyed structure.
Camp Fire: Information, Drone Images, 360 Images, Evacuation Map, Cal Fire Structure Status, by Butte County
Camp Fire in northern California, CIMSS Satellite Blog
Examining Jerry Brown's veto of California wildfire legislation and the criticism of it – Politifact California
2018 California wildfires
Articles containing video clips
November 2018 events in the United States
Wildfires in Butte County, California
|
```go
// Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. DO NOT EDIT.
// Package transcribeservice provides the client and types for making API
// requests to Amazon Transcribe Service.
//
// Amazon Transcribe offers three main types of batch transcription: Standard,
// Medical, and Call Analytics.
//
// - Standard transcriptions are the most common option. Refer to for details.
//
// - Medical transcriptions are tailored to medical professionals and incorporate
// medical terms. A common use case for this service is transcribing doctor-patient
// dialogue into after-visit notes. Refer to for details.
//
// - Call Analytics transcriptions are designed for use with call center
// audio on two different channels; if you're looking for insight into customer
// service calls, use this option. Refer to for details.
//
// See path_to_url for more information on this service.
//
// See transcribeservice package documentation for more information.
// path_to_url
//
// # Using the Client
//
// To contact Amazon Transcribe Service with the SDK use the New function to create
// a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service.
// These clients are safe to use concurrently.
//
// See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK.
// path_to_url
//
// See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients.
// path_to_url#Config
//
// See the Amazon Transcribe Service client TranscribeService for more
// information on creating client for this service.
// path_to_url#New
package transcribeservice
```
|
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst Kummer, who proved it in a paper, .
Statement
Kummer's theorem states that for given integers n ≥ m ≥ 0 and a prime number p, the p-adic valuation of the binomial coefficient is equal to the number of carries when m is added to n − m in base p.
An equivalent formation of the theorem is as follows:
Write the base- expansion of the integer as , and define to be the sum of the base- digits. Then
The theorem can be proved by writing as and using Legendre's formula.
Examples
To compute the largest power of 2 dividing the binomial coefficient write and in base as and . Carrying out the addition in base 2 requires three carries:
{| cellpadding=5 style="border:none"
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
| || || || 1 || 1 2
|-
| + || || 1 || 1 || 1 2
|-
| style='border-top: 1px solid' |
| style='border-top: 1px solid' | 1
| style='border-top: 1px solid' | 0
| style='border-top: 1px solid' | 1
| style='border-top: 1px solid' | 0 2
|}
Therefore the largest power of 2 that divides is 3.
Alternatively, the form involving sums of digits can be used. The sums of digits of 3, 7, and 10 in base 2 are , , and respectively. Then
Multinomial coefficient generalization
Kummer's theorem can be generalized to multinomial coefficients as follows:
See also
Lucas's theorem
References
Theorems in number theory
|
```javascript
import YouTubePlayerRemoteBridge from "./io/YouTubePlayerRemoteBridge.js"
function YouTubePlayer(communicationConstants, communicationChannel) {
const UNSTARTED = "UNSTARTED"
const ENDED = "ENDED"
const PLAYING = "PLAYING"
const PAUSED = "PAUSED"
const BUFFERING = "BUFFERING"
const CUED = "CUED"
const YouTubePlayerBridge = new YouTubePlayerRemoteBridge(communicationConstants, communicationChannel)
let player
let lastState
let lastVideoId
function initialize() {
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendYouTubeIframeAPIReady()
player = new YT.Player('youTubePlayerDOM', {
height: '100%',
width: '100%',
events: {
onReady: () => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendReady(),
onStateChange: event => sendPlayerStateChange(event.data),
onPlaybackQualityChange: event => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendPlaybackQualityChange(event.data),
onPlaybackRateChange: event => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendPlaybackRateChange(event.data),
onError: error => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendError(error.data),
onApiChange: () => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendApiChange()
},
playerVars: {
autoplay: 0,
autohide: 1,
controls: 0,
enablejsapi: 1,
fs: 0,
origin: 'path_to_url
rel: 0,
showinfo: 0,
iv_load_policy: 3
}
})
}
function restoreCommunication() {
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendYouTubeIframeAPIReady()
sendPlayerStateChange(lastState)
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendVideoId(lastVideoId)
}
function sendPlayerStateChange(playerState) {
lastState = playerState
let timerTaskId
clearInterval(timerTaskId)
switch (playerState) {
case YT.PlayerState.UNSTARTED:
sendStateChange(UNSTARTED)
return
case YT.PlayerState.ENDED:
sendStateChange(ENDED)
return
case YT.PlayerState.PLAYING:
sendStateChange(PLAYING)
timerTaskId = setInterval( () => YouTubePlayerBridge.sendVideoCurrentTime( player.getCurrentTime() ), 100 )
sendVideoData(player)
return
case YT.PlayerState.PAUSED:
sendStateChange(PAUSED)
return
case YT.PlayerState.BUFFERING:
sendStateChange(BUFFERING)
return
case YT.PlayerState.CUED:
sendStateChange(CUED)
return
}
function sendVideoData(player) {
const videoDuration = player.getDuration()
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendVideoDuration(videoDuration)
}
function sendStateChange(newState) {
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendStateChange(newState)
}
}
// JAVA to WEB functions
function seekTo(startSeconds) {
player.seekTo(startSeconds, true)
}
function pauseVideo() {
player.pauseVideo()
}
function playVideo() {
player.playVideo()
}
function loadVideo(videoId, startSeconds) {
lastVideoId = videoId
player.loadVideoById(videoId, startSeconds)
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendVideoId(videoId)
}
function cueVideo(videoId, startSeconds) {
lastVideoId = videoId
player.cueVideoById(videoId, startSeconds)
YouTubePlayerBridge.sendVideoId(videoId)
}
function mute() {
player.mute()
}
function unMute() {
player.unMute()
}
function setVolume(volumePercent) {
player.setVolume(volumePercent)
}
function setPlaybackRate(playbackRate) {
player.setPlaybackRate(playbackRate)
}
function nextVideo() {
player.nextVideo()
}
function previousVideo() {
player.previousVideo()
}
function playVideoAt(index) {
player.playVideoAt(index)
}
function getActions() {
return actions
}
function setLoop(loop) {
player.setLoop(loop)
}
function setShuffle(shuffle) {
player.setShuffle(shuffle);
}
const actions = {
seekTo,
pauseVideo,
playVideo,
loadVideo,
cueVideo,
mute,
unMute,
setVolume,
setPlaybackRate,
nextVideo,
previousVideo,
playVideoAt,
setLoop,
setShuffle
}
return {
initialize,
restoreCommunication,
getActions
}
}
export default YouTubePlayer
```
|
Hacıahmetli is a Turkish place name and may refer to:
Hacıəhmədli, a village in Barda Rayon, Azerbaijan
Hacıahmetli, Mut, a village in Mersin Province, Turkey
|
The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The current Speaker of the Parliament is Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena, in office since 20 August 2020. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster Parliamentary system.
The Speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the Prime Minister.
Origins
In 1931 under the Donoughmore Constitution the State Council of Ceylon was established and in it the first office of a Speaker of a legislative body was created as the Speaker of the State Council.
In 1947, according to the recommendations of the Soulbury Commission the State Council was dissolved and a Parliament was established in the Westminster model with an upper house, the Senate and the House of Representatives. While the head of the President of the Senate became the head of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives became the presiding officer of the House of Representatives. The office of the Speaker, as it exists now, was established in 1947, with the opening of the First Parliament of Ceylon on 4 February 1948, granting of independence and the establishment of the Dominion of Ceylon.
Duties and powers
The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of the House. The Speaker remains strictly non-partisan, and renounces all affiliation with his or her former political party when taking office for the duration of his term. The Speaker does not take part in debate or vote (except to break ties). Apart from duties relating to presiding over the House, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a constituency Member of Parliament (MP). The Speaker would be a chairmen of the constitutional council. The Speaker may accept the resignation of the president. The chief justice in consultation with the Speaker may determine that the president is temporarily unable to exercise, perform and discharge the powers, duties and functions and appoint the prime minister as acting president.
Appointment
As per the Article 64 of the Constitution when Parliament first meets after a general election, it will elect three members to serve as the Speaker, Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees (known simply as the Deputy Speaker) and the Deputy Chairman of Committees. The Speaker would vacate his office only if he tenders his resignation to the President or ceases to be a Member of Parliament or when Parliament dissolved.
Deputies
The Speaker is assisted by two deputies, all of whom are elected by the House. These are Deputy Speaker and the Deputy Chairman of Committees. In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker or in their absence the Deputy Chairman of Committees, shall preside at sittings of Parliament. If none of them is present, a Member elected by Parliament for the sitting shall preside at the sitting of Parliament.
Precedence, salary, residence and privileges
The Speaker is the third highest-ranking official in Sri Lanka. At present, Speaker ranks in the order of precedence after the President and Prime Minister. From 1948 to 1971 (when the Senate was abolished) the Speaker ranked fifth in the precedence after the Governor-General, the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice and the President of the Senate. From 1971 to 1978, the Speaker ranked fourth in the precedence after the Governor-General/President, the Prime Minister and the Chief Justice. After the second amendment to the Republican Constitution in 1978, in which the Speaker was placed second in the presidential line of succession; the Speaker gained his current position in the order of precedence.
In 2016, the Speaker received a salary of 68,500 Sri Lankan rupees per month and other entitlements of a Member of Parliament. In addition, the Speaker can use the Speaker's Residence and entitled to transport and security arranged by the Parliamentary Secretariat. At each sitting of parliament, the Speaker (or the presiding officer) travels in to the chamber in procession, after the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the ceremonial mace that symbolises the authority of the Parliament. Sergeant-at-Arms attends the Speaker on other occasions. The Speaker has his office in the Parliament Complex and the Secretary-General of Parliament, who is in charge of the administrative duties of Parliament reports to the Speaker.
Official dress
On ceremonial sittings or occasions, the Speaker wears a robe of black satin damask trimmed with gold lace, a mourning rosette (also known as a 'wig bag') and frogs with full bottomed wig. On normal sitting days, the Speaker wears only the robe and rosette without the wig or in certain cases without the official dress. This practice was adopted from the official dress of the Speaker of the House of Commons.
List of speakers of Parliament
Parties
See also
Parliament of Sri Lanka
References
External links
Speaker of Parliament
Speaker of the Seventh Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, Parliament
Speakers
Parliament
|
Great America station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). Great America is served by the Orange and Green light rail lines. Great America is named for the nearby California's Great America theme park and is the closest station to Levi's Stadium, home of the San Francisco 49ers.
From the station platforms, the entrance to Levi's Stadium is a walk and the entrance to the Great America theme park is a walk.
Improvements were made to the station ahead of the July 2014 opening of Levi's Stadium, including adding an “event only” side platform south of the eastbound track. During normal operations, this platform is not used and gates prevent access. After the end of a game, the platform is opened and used for eastbound and southbound departures, while the normal island platform is used only for westbound departures. During very busy events, the new platform has multiple gates, and customers are asked to queue in different lines based on their destination to facilitate rapid loading of trains.
A pocket track was also added between the Reamwood and Old Ironsides stations, enabling the storage of three, 3-car trains to mobilize trains quickly after the end of an event at Levi's Stadium.
Despite the similar names, this station is not the recommended transfer point for the Santa Clara–Great America station used by Altamont Corridor Express (ACE) commuter rail and Capitol Corridor inter-city rail trains as the walk between the stations is about . VTA advises passengers to use Lick Mill station, which is only away from the ACE/Capitol Corridor station.
Service
Station layout
Location
The station is located in the median of Tasman Drive between the Santa Clara Convention Center and California's Great America. It is also across the street from the San Francisco 49ers home, Levi's Stadium.
References
External links
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
1987 establishments in California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
|
```smalltalk
/*
*
* This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
* of the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for details.
*
* path_to_url
*
*/
using Piranha.Extend.Fields;
namespace Piranha.Extend.Serializers;
/// <summary>
/// Serializer for video fields.
/// </summary>
public class VideoFieldSerializer : ISerializer
{
/// <inheritdoc />
public string Serialize(object obj)
{
if (obj is VideoField field)
{
return field.Id.ToString();
}
throw new ArgumentException("The given object doesn't match the serialization type");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public object Deserialize(string str)
{
return new VideoField
{
Id = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(str) ? new Guid(str) : (Guid?)null
};
}
}
```
|
Ahmadabad (, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād) is a village in Hamaijan Rural District, Hamaijan District, Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 104, in 27 families.
References
Populated places in Sepidan County
|
The 1978 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States from October 4 to October 8, 1978. There were 185 men in action from 35 nations.
Medal summary
Medal table
Ranking by Big (Total result) medals
Ranking by all medals: Big (Total result) and Small (Snatch and Clean & Jerk)
References
Results (Sport 123)
Weightlifting World Championships Seniors Statistics
External links
International Weightlifting Federation
World Weightlifting Championships
World Weightlifting Championships
International weightlifting competitions hosted by the United States
1978 in weightlifting
|
TOPAZ is a think-tank of the Czech political party TOP 09, which is its founder. It was established in April 2012 as a civic group, today it operates as an association.
Mission of TOPAZ is to transmit conservative ideas to wider partisan and non partisan public and to continue in educational activities that were coordinated by TOP 09 Internal Commission for Education in last years. Content of association's activity is discussion about society-wide topics along with independent experts, cooperation with expert committees of TOP 09, fundraising, creation of body alternatives to public administration outcomes and creation of analytical and conceptual materials that deal with individual issues and suggest possibilities of solving.
Establishment of TOPAZ as an educational platform of political party was inspired by similar projects abroad, for instance Political Academy of the Austrian People's Party or Konrad Adenauer Foundation with a bond to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
Association Leadership
List of TOPAZ leading organs and its members:
Association Director
Karel Schwarzenberg
Executive Council
Reda Ifrah – Executive Council Chairman
Helena Langšádlová
Jan Husák
Jan Vitula
Marek Ženíšek
Academic Council
Miroslav Zámečník
Zdeněk Tůma
Hynek Jeřábek
Educational Events and Discussions
TOPAZ organizes conferences and seminars focusing on education of TOP 09 members and non partisan public.
Task of this activity is to bring significant personalities and experts to discussion, local civic initiatives and regular civilians including youth. Point of this discussion is to familiarize public with contributions of democracy and membership in the European Union and to present conservative policy values in general. The main point is to search and create new opinions that can be used by TOP 09 in real politics.
Publication Activity
Outcomes from educational events of TOPAZ create collections that contain contributions of conference and seminar guests.
List of collections (date of publication in brackets):
Electromobility: future development of power engineering and transportation (5. 11. 2015)
Social living (28. 5. 2015)
Economy development of Visegrad group (16. 3. 2015)
Power engineering: threats and chances (10. 11. 2014)
Smart Cities Memorandum (9. 9. 2014)
Opinions about Europe (7. 5. 2014)
Do not be afraid of reforms (20. 9. 2012)
Election manual of TOP 09 and Mayors (23. 8. 2012)
Internship Project
Through TOPAZ university students have a chance to participate in an internship in statewide office, parliamentary club and regional offices of TOP 09. This project works under association since 2014. TOPAZ cooperates in this project along with Faculty of Social Studies at Masaryk University and Philosophical Faculty of Palacký University, Olomouc, (through programme YoungPower). Trainees come also from Faculty of Social Science at Charles University in Prague or Metropolitan University Prague.
Partners
Partners of TOPAZ are:
Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
TOP 09
See also
TOP 09
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies
Political Academy of the Austrian People's Party
References
External links
TOPAZ Home Page
TOPAZ: Public Register Statement
Documents of TOPAZ (Statutes)
TOP 09
YoungPower - UPOL
TOP 09
Think tanks based in the Czech Republic
2012 establishments in the Czech Republic
|
Theodoros Nianiakas (born 25 August 1995) is a Greece international rugby league footballer who plays for the Woolston Rovers.
Playing career
In 2022, Nianiakas was named in the Greece squad for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup, the first ever Greek Rugby League squad to compete in a World Cup.
References
External links
Greece profile
Greek profile
1995 births
Living people
Rugby league second-rows
Greek rugby league players
Greece national rugby league team players
|
```c
/* $OpenBSD: wctob.c,v 1.3 2015/09/12 16:23:14 guenther Exp $ */
/*-
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <wchar.h>
int
wctob(wint_t c)
{
mbstate_t mbs;
char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
memset(&mbs, 0, sizeof(mbs));
if (c == WEOF || wcrtomb(buf, c, &mbs) != 1)
return (EOF);
return ((unsigned char)*buf);
}
DEF_STRONG(wctob);
```
|
Aleksei Ivanovich Bugayev (; born 25 August 1981) is a former association footballer who played defender.
Playing career
Bugayev has played for Tom Tomsk, Torpedo Moscow and Lokomotiv Moscow. In 2004, he was included in the Russia national team and played at Euro 2004.
Achievements
2005 – Russian Super Cup, winner
2005 – Russian Premier League, 3rd position
Personal life
On 28 October 2023, Bugayev was arrested in Krasnodar in possession of 495 grams of mephedrone and he is expected to be charged with illegal drug distribution.
External links
Profile at RussiaTeam
References
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's international footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Moscow
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Tom Tomsk players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FC Khimki players
Russian Premier League players
FC Krasnodar players
Men's association football defenders
|
```php
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Routing\Router;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\RouteServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* This namespace is applied to the controller routes in your routes file.
*
* In addition, it is set as the URL generator's root namespace.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $namespace = 'App\Http\Controllers';
/**
* Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
parent::boot();
}
/**
* Define the routes for the application.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Routing\Router $router
* @return void
*/
public function map(Router $router)
{
$router->group(['namespace' => $this->namespace], function ($router) {
require __DIR__ . '/../Http/routes.php';
});
}
}
```
|
Third Time Lucky is a British comedy television series which originally aired on ITV in 1982. A man meets his divorced first wife, and rekindles his romance with her.
Main cast
Derek Nimmo as George Hutchenson
Nerys Hughes as Beth Jenkins
Debbie Farrington as Clare Hutchenson
Lorraine Brunning as Jenny Hutchenson
Clifford Earl as Bruce Jenkins
Angela Douglas as Millie King
Angela Piper as Sally Jenkins
Gerald Flood as Henry King
Robert Craig-Morgan as Peter
Nigel Greaves as Christopher Tracy
References
External links
1982 British television series debuts
1982 British television series endings
1980s British comedy television series
ITV sitcoms
English-language television shows
Television series by Yorkshire Television
|
Tatyana Ponomaryova (born 23 February 1988) is a Kazakhstani female water polo player. She was a member of the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team.
She was a part of the team at the World Championships, most recently at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Living people
1988 births
Kazakhstani female water polo players
Place of birth missing (living people)
|
```yaml
%YAML 1.2
---
Document
... # Suffix
```
|
Inchkeith (from the ) is an island in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, administratively part of the Fife council area.
Inchkeith has had a colourful history as a result of its proximity to Edinburgh and strategic location for use as home for Inchkeith Lighthouse and for military purposes defending the Firth of Forth from attack from shipping, and more recently protecting the upstream Forth Bridge and Rosyth Dockyard. Inchkeith has, by some accounts, been inhabited (intermittently) for almost 1,800 years.
Geography, geology and climate
The island lies in the midst of the Firth of Forth, midway between Kirkcaldy to the north and Leith to the south. Due to the undulation of the Fife coast it lies substantially closer to Fife rather than Midlothian, the closest settlement being Kinghorn to the north, with Burntisland to the north-west being only slightly more distant.
Although most of the island is of volcanic origin, the island's geology is surprisingly varied. As well as the igneous rock, there are also some sections of sandstone, shale, coal and limestone. The shale contains a great number of fossils. There are several springs on the island.
The island has the lowest average rainfall in Scotland at annually.
The island has an abundance of springs, as noted by James Grant. James Boswell noted two wells on the island during his visit, and speculated as to the former existence of a third within the Castle.
History
Etymology
The name "Inchkeith" may derive from the medieval Scottish Gaelic Innse Coit, meaning "wooded island". The latter element coit, in Old Welsh coet, is from the Proto-Celtic *cēto-, "wood". The late 9th century Sanas Cormaic, authored by Cormac mac Cuilennáin, suggests that the word had disappeared from the Gaelic of Ireland by that period, becoming coill; he states "coit coill isin chombric", that is, "coit is Welsh for wood", and explains that the Irish place-name Sailchoit is partly derived from Welsh. Although Scottish Gaelic was closer to Brythonic than Irish was, the Life of St Serf (written before 1180) calls the island Insula Keð, suggesting the possibility that the specific element in Inchkeith was not comprehensible to that hagiography's anonymous author or translator; if we could be sure that the author was Scottish, rather than an English or French incomer, this could be taken to mean that the word was probably not comprehensible even in Fife Gaelic in the 12th century. Since Gaelic had all but disappeared as a language spoken natively in southern Fife by the mid-14th century, there is no continuous Gaelic tradition for the name, but the modern form is Innis Cheith.
Such a rocky and exposed island can however never have supported many trees so it would be reasonable that the derivation may be otherwise. Early associations between Saint Adomnán and the island may indicate that the second element is derived from the name of his contemporary and associate Coeddi (or Céti), bishop of Iona.
Earliest history
Almost nothing is known about the early history of Inchkeith, and there is no certain reference to the island until the 12th century. In the days when people were compelled to cross the Firth of Forth by boat as opposed to bridge, the island was a great deal less isolated, and on the ferry routes between Leith/Lothian and Fife. Like nearby Inchcolm and the Isle of May, Inchkeith was attacked repeatedly by English raiders in the 14th century. This was the period when the Scottish Wars of Independence were in full swing, and decisive battles were being fought in the Lothians and in the Stirling/Bannockburn region, and so the island was effectively in the route of any supply or raiding vessels.
It is unknown who owned Inchkeith from the 8th century onward, but it is known that it was the property of the Crown until granted to Lord Glamis.
Inchkeith as quarantine
In 1497, the island was (along with Inchgarvie, a few miles away) used as an isolated refuge for victims of 'grandgore' (also spelled 'glandgore'), an old Scots name for 'syphilis', in Edinburgh. The 'grandgor' was recognised in the 1497 Minutes of the Town Council of Edinborough (Phil. Trans. XLII. 421) "This contagious sickness callit the Grandgor.". The Grandgore Act was passed in September 1497, causing Inchkeith, as well as other islands in the Firth, such as Inchgarvie, to be made a place of "Compulsory Retirement" for people suffering from this disease. They were told to board a ship at Leith and once there, "to remain till God provide for their health". It is probable that they all died.
In 1589, history repeated itself and the island was used to quarantine the passengers of a plague-ridden ship. More plague sufferers came here from the mainland in 1609. In 1799, Russian sailors who died of an infectious disease were buried here.
James IV's linguistic experiment
During the reign of James IV of Scotland, Inchkeith was allegedly the site of a language deprivation experiment. Robert Lyndsay of Pitscottie wrote in a chronicle that in 1493, James IV directed that a mute woman and two infants be transported to the island, in order to ascertain which language the infants would grow up to speak isolated from the rest of the world. This speech, in contemporary theory, would be the "original" language, or the "language of God". Pitscottie's version of the story, written in Scots language and given here in modern spelling beneath, was;"And also the king gart tak ane dum woman and pat hir in Inchekeytht and gaif hir tua young bairnes in companie witht hir, and gart furnische them of all necessar thingis pertening to thair nourischment that is to say, meit, drink, fyre and candell, claithis, with all uther kynd of necessaris quhilk (is) requyrit to man or woman, desyrand the effect heirof to come to knaw quhat langage (or, "leid") thir bairnes wald speik quhene they cam to lauchfull aige. Some sayis they spak goode hebrew bot as to myself I knaw not bot be the authoris reherse."In modern English: "The king ordered a mute woman to be put on Inchkeith and gave her two young children in company with her, and provided them with everything they would need for their nourishment, food, drink, fire and candle, clothes, and all other kinds of necessities needed by man or woman. He was desirous to discover what language the children would speak when they came of proper age. Some say they spoke good Hebrew, but I myself know no more than my sources say.
However, there are no contemporary sources or documents describing such an experiment, and modern historians consider the story implausible. James IV took a boat from Leith to the island on 20 June 1502 and went on to Kinghorn.
Rough Wooing, Reformation, and the 17th century
In the 16th century, the island suffered further English depredation during the war of the Rough Wooing. The General Duke of Somerset garrisoned the island in 1547 after the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh. His force of marines was ordered to reinforce the island, so they built a large square fort, with corner towers, on the site of the present day lighthouse. A French soldier, Jean de Beaugué, described how the building works were visible from Leith in June 1548. De Beaugué wrote that four companies of English soldiers and a company of Italians were ordered to help the English workmen, who were "pioneers" not soldiers.
The English admiral Edward Fiennes de Clinton anchored his fleet at Inchkeith in August 1548. His task was to prevent sea traffic in the Forth and the security of the English at the siege of Haddington. Clinton reported destroying 38 ships on 9 August 1548. French galleys lay off Burntisland. His duty in the Forth prevented him coming to aid John Luttrell at Broughty Castle
The garrison was ejected by a combined Franco-Scottish force under General D’Essé (André de Montalembert, Sieur de Essé) on 19 or 29 June 1549. Jean de Beaugué describes Monsieur de le Chapelle's injury while leading his German troops against the Italians and English who made a stand on the summit of the hill. On the following day, Mary of Guise, the regent, visited the island, to see the "three and four hundred of her dead foes still unburied". Since 29 June was Fête Dieu in France, she renamed the island "L’Île de Dieu". The soldiers also nicknamed it "L’Île des Chevaux" (The island of horses). Neither name stuck. Seven English banners captured on the island were sent to Henri II of France. On 17 July 1549, he gave the soldiers who brought the banners lifetime pensions. On 22 June Regent Arran's Privy Council ordered that all the towns and burghs on both sides of the Forth should contribute a workforce of 400 men to strengthen the fortifications, and pay their wages of two shillings for 16 days.
After the end of the war of the Rough Wooing, the island was occupied by the French, under Mary of Guise, during her period as the Regent of Scotland between 1554 and 1560. The old English fortifications were further strengthened by the Scots and French, who under D’Essé built a larger and stronger fort. The works were directed by the Italian architect and military engineer Lorenzo Pomarelli. Accounts for this rebuilding written in French survive with the names of the Scottish craftsmen and women who worked there in 1555. The French-born gunner and carpenter Andrew Mansioun supervised a team of twenty three horses on the island. Further construction work in 1558 was supervised by the master of work, William MacDowall.
During the siege of Leith, the English commander Grey of Wilton obtained a description of the fortress as it stood on 17 April 1560. The wall and rampart was 30 feet thick, being 14 feet of stone behind 16 feet of earth. There were 140 French soldiers with 70 women, boys and labourers. As the English admiral William Wynter was trying to blockade the island and cut off supplies, the garrison was eating oysters and periwinkles gathered at low water and fish caught with angling rods. Grey of Wilton thought he could capture the island with 600 men and 10 cannons but was worried that he could not guarantee to support the force on the island once landed if he was attacked elsewhere. After the peace of the Treaty of Edinburgh in September 1560, the English diplomat noted Thomas Randolph noted that Captain Lucinet and his French garrison remained on Inchkeith, but there were now more women than men, and Edinburgh wits called the island "l'Isle des Femmes."
In July 1561, Mary, Queen of Scots made Robert Anstruther captain of the island, in succession to the French Captain Lussaignet. She inspected the garrison, and a stone from the original gateway with "MR" (i.e. Maria Regina) and the date still exists, built into a wall below the lighthouse. The guns were used during the rebellion against Mary called the Chaseabout Raid. Lord Darnley was sent to inspect the armaments in August 1565. The English ship, The Aide captained by Anthony Jenkinson arrived in the Forth on 25 September 1565, and was bombarded by the cannon on Inchkeith. Jenkynson had intended to blockade Leith to prevent Lord Seton bringing more munitions for Mary from France. The cannon were repaired in Edinburgh Castle by David Rowan, "master melter" of the artillery, who was paid for cleaning out the rusty touch holes in February 1566.
The fort itself was demolished, or ordered to be "raisit" (razed) in 1567, after Mary was deposed. Her opponents were anti-French and did not take too kindly to a French garrison so near the capital. The Captain of the garrison, Robert Anstruther, was rewarded with all the ironwork timber and slates to be salvaged, and ownership of the island was given to John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis. The remaining buildings were later used as a prison.
James Grant lists subsequent owners of Inchkeith - in 1649, he says, the "eccentric and sarcastic" Sir John Scott of Scotstarvit, going on to be owned by the Buccleuch family, forming part of the property of the Barony of Royston, near Granton.
During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the island was again taken by the English, and fortified.
18th century
In the late 18th century, James Boswell's The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson (published in 1785) mentions Inchkeith, upon which Boswell and Dr. Johnson alighted, noting that the now-uninhabited island had a profusion of "luxuriant thistles and nettles", a "strongly built" fort, and "sixteen head of [grazing] black cattle". The fort visited appears to have been built in 1564.
Usually the cynic, Johnson admired the island and said, "I’d have this island; I’d build a house... A rich man of an hospitable turn here, would have many visitors from Edinburgh."
19th century and World War I
In 1803, construction was begun of Inchkeith Lighthouse, designed and built by Thomas Smith and Robert Stevenson. The lighthouse, standing 67 metres high, was first operational by 1804, and is now listed as a building of architectural and historic significance.
Inchkeith, unlike some of the other islands, was not fortified in the Napoleonic Wars but, with Kinghorn, was the site of the first modern defences, manned from 1881 until 1956. A memorial on the island notes the role of Lord Herbert of Lea in advocating the fortification of the island. In 1878, the Royal Engineers built batteries on the three corners of the island, designed as separate fortresses.
Construction upon the island's "South Fort" began in spring of 1878, being completed in 1880. Construction on the West and East forts began in summer of 1878, being completed in 1880 and 1881 respectively. These forts were armed with four 10" rifled muzzle loader guns, with two in the South Fort and one each in the east and west. In 1891, the East and West guns were replaced with two 6" BL (breech loading) disappearing guns. A 9.2" Mk I gun, also on a disappearing mounting, was installed in 1893, in the southern part of the island.
A controlled minefield was controlled from Inchkeith, and the 'test room' for the Submarine Miners was created in an artificial cave, closed off by a granite wall, on the north side of the island. This was later used as a Small Arms Ammunition store.
In 1899, Inchkeith had a Compressed Air Foghorn installed, providing two 3.5 second blasts every 90 seconds during fog. This would remain in place until replaced after the second world war.
From the 1890s until the early 1905, the fort at Inchkeith underwent a sequence of gun improvements and replacements. In 1893-95 two 4.7" MK1 quick-firing guns were installed. (These had been removed from Fort Paull on the north bank of the Humber (which was disarmed, being deemed to be too close to Hull)). In 1898 the two 10" rifled muzzle loaders in the south fort were dismounted, to be replaced by two 6" Mk VII guns. The two 4.7" guns were replaced by 9.2" BL Mk X guns. By 1905 the armament of the island comprised: 1 x 9.2" Mk I gun on a disappearing mounting; 2 x 9.2" Mk X guns on Central Pedestal mountings; 2 x 6-inch Mk VII guns at the north fort (replacing a single Mk VI 6" on a disappearing mounting); 2 x 6" Mk VII guns in the southern fort. 1906-7 all the 6" guns were removed, leaving only three 9.2" guns in place. By 1911 the shore was being covered in Barbed Wire and by the end of the First World War a series of pillboxes had been built on the beaches round the island. By the end of the First World War the island was armed with three 9.2" Mk X guns and six 6" Mk VII guns.
During World War I, the Royal Navy battleship , at the time a part of the 3rd Battle Squadron in the Grand Fleet, ran aground at Inchkeith on 26 January 1915, suffering considerable bottom damage. She was refloated after 36 hours and was repaired and refitted at Devonport Dockyard.
The Second World War
Between the wars the fort and its guns were maintained. In 1937 several Lewis Guns were supplied, for anti-aircraft defence, and a pair of 12 Pdr QF guns, which were for drill and practice. In 1938, following the Munich Crisis, the island was further mobilised, and had more Nissen Huts installed, presumably for equipment and personnel. On 21 February 1940 a sand-filled dummy shell had to be fired across the bows of the Naval trawler 'Peter Carey', to stop it straying into a mined area; the shell ricocheted off the water and ended up bursting into a tenement flat at 118 Salamander Street in Leith. Fortunately no-one was injured.
Inchkeith was the HQ of the Outer Defences of the Firth of Forth in both wars, in conjunction with batteries at Kinghorn, on the north shore, and Leith on the southern. The defences were designed to protect Edinburgh and the naval anchorage from distant bombardment (the Rosyth Dockyard was out of range), and also to deal with ships attempting to force their way into the naval anchorage beyond the defences, and towards the Forth Rail Bridge and the Rosyth Dockyard. In both wars there were anti-boat and anti-submarine booms across the river at this point, and in the Second World War, there were Induction loops and controlled minefields controlled from Inchkeith.
In the Second World War new batteries were established further east at Elie and Dirleton but Inchkeith remained fully armed.
In May 1940, the island was issued with 40 "Board of Trade, Rocket Flares, Red", for alerting in the event that an invasion was attempted (or spotted).
The gun strength of the island in the Second World War was the same as at the end of the First World War: one "Major Full Time Battery" of two 6" guns covering the North side of the island, two 6" guns covering the South side and the water between the island and Leith, a further two 6" guns in the West Fort, and three 9.2" guns, the purpose of which to tackle any enemy warships standing off to bombard the naval anchorage or the city of Edinburgh. The island was armed for a time with 3" anti-aircraft guns to deal with German aeroplanes dropping magnetic mines. These were replaced by Bren and Bofors guns. The garrison of the island was over 1100 at its peak in the Second World War, with dozens of buildings, emplacements, fire control centres, and Nissen huts, many of which remain in varying states of repair.
Operation Fortitude North
Operations Fortitude North and Fortitude South were related to a wider deception plan called Operation Bodyguard. Operation Bodyguard was the overall Allied strategic deception plan in Europe for 1944, carried out as part of the build-up to the Invasion of Normandy. The major objective of this plan was to lead the Germans to believe that the invasion of northwestern Europe would come later than was actually planned, and to threaten attacks at other locations than the true objective, including the Pas de Calais, the Balkans, southern France, Norway, and Soviet attacks in Bulgaria and northern Norway.
Operation Fortitude North's fictional British Fourth Army were based in Edinburgh, and spoof radio traffic and Double agents were used as means to disseminate the misinformation. On 3 March 1944, members of a "Special RS (Royal Signals) Unit" from the British Fourth Army landed on Inchkeith, with a detachment of 22 men and 4 officers, with two radio vans. At the beginning of April, a further 40 men arrived, and proceeded to stage mock attacks of the Inchkeith defences via the cliffs, until their departure in September.
The aim of this ruse, unknown to the participants, was to make German High Command believe that a raid in Norway or elsewhere was being planned. Although Operation Fortitude was a great success, Inchkeith appears not to have been overflown by German Reconnaissance planes until 7 October. Examination of the footage taken in 1945 appeared to indicate that the plane flew too high to ascertain anything meaningful.
Post-war era to present day
Post-war, defences were dismantled commencing late 1945. By early January 1946, only a small number of troops with a "nucleus" of coastal guns remained, and finally in 1956/7, all military use of the island ceased, and ownership passed over to the Northern Lighthouse Board, who performed a variety of renovations on the island from the early 1960s onwards.
The island, like Cramond Island, was previously worked as a farm. It is now abandoned, and unkempt.
In 1958, an experimental foghorn was installed, replacing the previous 19th century system. A diaphone system providing 4 blasts of 1.5 seconds once every minute was installed on Inchcolm, operated by radio telephone from Inchkeith. This was replaced with an electrically operated system controlled by an automatic fog detector in 1986.
In 1971 the lighthouse and associated buildings became Category B listed buildings, and in 1976 the island and its fortifications became a scheduled monument.
In 1986 the lighthouse was automated, allowing it to be remotely managed by a telephone connection. The Northern Lighthouse Board removed the permanent lightkeepers, and sold the island to businessman Tom Farmer (founder of Kwik-Fit). Farmer himself lives in Barnton in Edinburgh. The current lighthouse is powered by nickel-cadmium batteries, "charged on a time cycle of three times per week by one of two (12.5 KVA) markon alternators with TS3 Lister diesel engines."
In 2017, the British army used Inchkeith during a nighttime exercise involving chinook helicopters.
See also
List of islands of Scotland
List of lighthouses in Scotland
List of Northern Lighthouse Board lighthouses
References
Sources
External links
Description of the 1555 building work on Inchkeith for Mary of Guise, based on National Records of Scotland E34/21.
Inchkeith Island and fortifications, SM3838, Scheduled Monument, Historic Environment Scotland.
The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson on Project Gutenberg
Northern Lighthouse Board
Victorian Forts data sheet on Yaverland battery
Islands of the Forth
Lighthouses in Scotland
Category B listed lighthouses
Castles and forts of the Rough Wooing
Uninhabited islands of Fife
|
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns the mode of a beta distribution.
*
* @param {PositiveNumber} alpha - first shape parameter
* @param {PositiveNumber} beta - second shape parameter
* @returns {PositiveNumber} mode
*
* @example
* var v = mode( 4.0, 12.0 );
* // returns ~0.214
*
* @example
* var v = mode( 8.0, 2.0 );
* // returns ~0.875
*
* @example
* var v = mode( 1.0, 1.0 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = mode( 2.0, 0.8 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = mode( -0.1, 2.0 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = mode( 2.0, NaN );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = mode( NaN, 2.0 );
* // returns NaN
*/
function mode( alpha, beta ) {
if ( alpha <= 1.0 || beta <= 1.0 ) {
return NaN;
}
return ( alpha-1.0 ) / ( alpha+beta-2.0 );
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = mode;
```
|
```go
package api
import (
"fmt"
"time"
"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
)
// ResourceReference is a reference to a ConfigEntry
// with an optional reference to a subsection of that ConfigEntry
// that can be specified as SectionName
type ResourceReference struct {
// Kind is the kind of ConfigEntry that this resource refers to.
Kind string
// Name is the identifier for the ConfigEntry this resource refers to.
Name string
// SectionName is a generic subresource identifier that specifies
// a subset of the ConfigEntry to which this reference applies. Usage
// of this field should be up to the controller that leverages it. If
// unused, this should be blank.
SectionName string
// Partition is the partition the config entry is associated with.
// Partitioning is a Consul Enterprise feature.
Partition string `json:",omitempty"`
// Namespace is the namespace the config entry is associated with.
// Namespacing is a Consul Enterprise feature.
Namespace string `json:",omitempty"`
}
// ConfigEntryStatus is used for propagating back asynchronously calculated
// messages from control loops to a user
type ConfigEntryStatus struct {
// Conditions is the set of condition objects associated with
// a ConfigEntry status.
Conditions []Condition
}
// Condition is used for a single message and state associated
// with an object. For example, a ConfigEntry that references
// multiple other resources may have different statuses with
// respect to each of those resources.
type Condition struct {
// Type is a value from a bounded set of types that an object might have
Type string
// Status is a value from a bounded set of statuses that an object might have
Status ConditionStatus
// Reason is a value from a bounded set of reasons for a given status
Reason string
// Message is a message that gives more detailed information about
// why a Condition has a given status and reason
Message string
// Resource is an optional reference to a resource for which this
// condition applies
Resource *ResourceReference
// LastTransitionTime is the time at which this Condition was created
LastTransitionTime *time.Time
}
type (
ConditionStatus string
)
const (
ConditionStatusTrue ConditionStatus = "True"
ConditionStatusFalse ConditionStatus = "False"
ConditionStatusUnknown ConditionStatus = "Unknown"
)
// GatewayConditionType is a type of condition associated with a
// Gateway. This type should be used with the GatewayStatus.Conditions
// field.
type GatewayConditionType string
// GatewayConditionReason defines the set of reasons that explain why a
// particular Gateway condition type has been raised.
type GatewayConditionReason string
// the following are directly from the k8s spec
const (
// This condition is true when the controller managing the Gateway is
// syntactically and semantically valid enough to produce some configuration
// in the underlying data plane. This does not indicate whether or not the
// configuration has been propagated to the data plane.
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be True are:
//
// * "Accepted"
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be False are:
//
// * InvalidCertificates
//
GatewayConditionAccepted GatewayConditionType = "Accepted"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the condition is
// True.
GatewayReasonAccepted GatewayConditionReason = "Accepted"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the gateway has multiple invalid
// certificates and cannot bind to any routes
GatewayReasonInvalidCertificates GatewayConditionReason = "InvalidCertificates"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the gateway has multiple invalid
// JWT providers and cannot bind to any routes
GatewayReasonInvalidJWTProviders GatewayConditionReason = "InvalidJWTProviders"
// This condition indicates that the gateway was unable to resolve
// conflicting specification requirements for this Listener. If a
// Listener is conflicted, its network port should not be configured
// on any network elements.
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be true are:
//
// * "RouteConflict"
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be False are:
//
// * "NoConflict"
//
// Controllers may raise this condition with other reasons,
// but should prefer to use the reasons listed above to improve
// interoperability.
GatewayConditionConflicted GatewayConditionType = "Conflicted"
// This reason is used with the "Conflicted" condition when the condition
// is False.
GatewayReasonNoConflict GatewayConditionReason = "NoConflict"
// This reason is used with the "Conflicted" condition when the route is
// in a conflicted state, such as when a TCPListener attempts to bind to two routes
GatewayReasonRouteConflict GatewayConditionReason = "RouteConflict"
// This condition indicates whether the controller was able to
// resolve all the object references for the Gateway. When setting this
// condition to False, a ResourceReference to the misconfigured Listener should
// be provided.
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be true are:
//
// * "ResolvedRefs"
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be False are:
//
// * "InvalidCertificateRef"
// * "InvalidRouteKinds"
// * "RefNotPermitted"
//
GatewayConditionResolvedRefs GatewayConditionType = "ResolvedRefs"
// This reason is used with the "ResolvedRefs" condition when the condition
// is true.
GatewayReasonResolvedRefs GatewayConditionReason = "ResolvedRefs"
// This reason is used with the "ResolvedRefs" condition when a
// Listener has a TLS configuration with at least one TLS CertificateRef
// that is invalid or does not exist.
// A CertificateRef is considered invalid when it refers to a nonexistent
// or unsupported resource or kind, or when the data within that resource
// is malformed.
// This reason must be used only when the reference is allowed, either by
// referencing an object in the same namespace as the Gateway, or when
// a cross-namespace reference has been explicitly allowed by a ReferenceGrant.
// If the reference is not allowed, the reason RefNotPermitted must be used
// instead.
GatewayListenerReasonInvalidCertificateRef GatewayConditionReason = "InvalidCertificateRef"
// This reason is used with the "ResolvedRefs" condition when a
// Listener has a JWT configuration with at least one JWTProvider
// that is invalid or does not exist.
// A JWTProvider is considered invalid when it refers to a nonexistent
// or unsupported resource or kind, or when the data within that resource
// is malformed.
GatewayListenerReasonInvalidJWTProviderRef GatewayConditionReason = "InvalidJWTProviderRef"
)
var validGatewayConditionReasonsMapping = map[GatewayConditionType]map[ConditionStatus][]GatewayConditionReason{
GatewayConditionAccepted: {
ConditionStatusTrue: {
GatewayReasonAccepted,
},
ConditionStatusFalse: {
GatewayReasonInvalidCertificates,
GatewayReasonInvalidJWTProviders,
},
ConditionStatusUnknown: {},
},
GatewayConditionConflicted: {
ConditionStatusTrue: {
GatewayReasonRouteConflict,
},
ConditionStatusFalse: {
GatewayReasonNoConflict,
},
ConditionStatusUnknown: {},
},
GatewayConditionResolvedRefs: {
ConditionStatusTrue: {
GatewayReasonResolvedRefs,
},
ConditionStatusFalse: {
GatewayListenerReasonInvalidCertificateRef,
GatewayListenerReasonInvalidJWTProviderRef,
},
ConditionStatusUnknown: {},
},
}
func ValidateGatewayConditionReason(name GatewayConditionType, status ConditionStatus, reason GatewayConditionReason) error {
if err := checkConditionStatus(status); err != nil {
return err
}
reasons, ok := validGatewayConditionReasonsMapping[name]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized GatewayConditionType %q", name)
}
reasonsForStatus, ok := reasons[status]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized ConditionStatus %q", status)
}
if !slices.Contains(reasonsForStatus, reason) {
return fmt.Errorf("gateway condition reason %q not allowed for gateway condition type %q with status %q", reason, name, status)
}
return nil
}
// RouteConditionType is a type of condition for a route.
type RouteConditionType string
// RouteConditionReason is a reason for a route condition.
type RouteConditionReason string
// The following statuses are taken from the K8's Spec
// With the exception of: "RouteReasonInvalidDiscoveryChain" and "NoUpstreamServicesTargeted"
const (
// This condition indicates whether the route has been accepted or rejected
// by a Gateway, and why.
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be true are:
//
// * "Accepted"
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be False are:
//
// * "InvalidDiscoveryChain"
// * "NoUpstreamServicesTargeted"
//
//
// Controllers may raise this condition with other reasons,
// but should prefer to use the reasons listed above to improve
// interoperability.
RouteConditionAccepted RouteConditionType = "Accepted"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the Route has been
// accepted by the Gateway.
RouteReasonAccepted RouteConditionReason = "Accepted"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the route has an
// invalid discovery chain, this includes conditions like the protocol being invalid
// or the discovery chain failing to compile
RouteReasonInvalidDiscoveryChain RouteConditionReason = "InvalidDiscoveryChain"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the route
RouteReasonNoUpstreamServicesTargeted RouteConditionReason = "NoUpstreamServicesTargeted"
)
// the following statuses are custom to Consul
const (
// This condition indicates whether the route was able to successfully bind the
// Listener on the gateway
// Possible reasons for this condition to be true are:
//
// * "Bound"
//
// Possible reasons for this condition to be false are:
//
// * "FailedToBind"
// * "GatewayNotFound"
//
RouteConditionBound RouteConditionType = "Bound"
// This reason is used with the "Bound" condition when the condition
// is true
RouteReasonBound RouteConditionReason = "Bound"
// This reason is used with the "Bound" condition when the route failed
// to bind to the gateway
RouteReasonFailedToBind RouteConditionReason = "FailedToBind"
// This reason is used with the "Bound" condition when the route fails
// to find the gateway
RouteReasonGatewayNotFound RouteConditionReason = "GatewayNotFound"
// This reason is used with the "Accepted" condition when the route references non-existent
// JWTProviders
RouteReasonJWTProvidersNotFound RouteConditionReason = "JWTProvidersNotFound"
)
var validRouteConditionReasonsMapping = map[RouteConditionType]map[ConditionStatus][]RouteConditionReason{
RouteConditionAccepted: {
ConditionStatusTrue: {
RouteReasonAccepted,
},
ConditionStatusFalse: {
RouteReasonInvalidDiscoveryChain,
RouteReasonNoUpstreamServicesTargeted,
},
ConditionStatusUnknown: {},
},
RouteConditionBound: {
ConditionStatusTrue: {
RouteReasonBound,
},
ConditionStatusFalse: {
RouteReasonGatewayNotFound,
RouteReasonFailedToBind,
RouteReasonJWTProvidersNotFound,
},
ConditionStatusUnknown: {},
},
}
func ValidateRouteConditionReason(name RouteConditionType, status ConditionStatus, reason RouteConditionReason) error {
if err := checkConditionStatus(status); err != nil {
return err
}
reasons, ok := validRouteConditionReasonsMapping[name]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized RouteConditionType %s", name)
}
reasonsForStatus, ok := reasons[status]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized ConditionStatus %s", name)
}
if !slices.Contains(reasonsForStatus, reason) {
return fmt.Errorf("route condition reason %s not allowed for route condition type %s with status %s", reason, name, status)
}
return nil
}
func checkConditionStatus(status ConditionStatus) error {
switch status {
case ConditionStatusTrue, ConditionStatusFalse, ConditionStatusUnknown:
return nil
default:
return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized condition status: %q", status)
}
}
```
|
The Bordeaux–Paris professional cycle race was one of Europe's classic cycle races, and one of the longest in the professional calendar, covering approximately – more than twice most single-day races. It started in northern Bordeaux in southwest France at 2am and finished in the capital Paris 14 hours later. The professional event was held from 1891 until 1988. It was held as an amateur event in 2014.
History
The event was first run on 23 May 1891, and the Derby of the Road as it was sometimes called, was notable in that riders were paced – allowed to slipstream – behind tandem or conventional cycles. From 1931, pacing was by motorcycles or small pedal-assisted Dernys. Pacing was also briefly by cars. In early events, pacing was provided from Bordeaux. In later events, it was introduced part-way towards Paris. From 1946 to 1985, more than half the distance was paced, Dernys being introduced at Poitiers or Châtellerault, roughly half-way.
The organisers of the inaugural event, Bordeaux Vélo Club and Véloce Sport envisaged that riders might take a few days, but the first edition was won in a continuous ride by George Pilkington Mills. Mills raced through the night to win the 600 km long event in just over a day. Post-war winners include Louison Bobet (1959), Tom Simpson (1963), and Jacques Anquetil (1965). The record for the most victories is held by Herman Van Springel, who won seven times between 1970 and 1981.
The first race
George Mills won the inaugural Bordeaux–Paris race in 1891. He was invited by the organisers, the newspaper Véloce Sport because of his reputation in an age when long-distance racing was the fashion. A race from Bordeaux in the south-west to the capital in Paris would be the longest annual event in France.
The race started at 5am in the Place du Pont Bastide in Bordeaux. There were 38 riders. As well as the British – Pilkington Mills, Holbein, Edge and Bates – there were a Pole and a Swiss. Mills fell on bad roads after 10 km when he touched with the Frenchman, Jiel-Laval, but neither was hurt. The English group moved to the front when the field began to straggle after the first hour. They led by a mile at dawn after averaging 14 mph. The historian Victor M. Head wrote: "At 10.30 Angoulème was reached and the Englishmen stopped to gulp down bowls of hot soup. When they restarted, Mills began to make all the running, drawing steadily away from his companions until, arriving at Ruffec, Charente, he was half an hour in the lead."
The rapid departure surprised the organisers. A report said:
Everything had been prepared to receive the riders properly [recevoir dignement]: full meals, baths, hot showers, nothing was forgotten, and there were good beds to welcome our heroes, because there was no doubt among the excellent people of Angoulème that it was impossible to ride 127 km on a bicycle without immediately needing several hours' rest. To the great stupefaction of the spectators, not one of the riders took advantage of what had been provided. The eventual winner, G.P. Mills, stopped for several moments at best. He had a plan: he let Holbein eat peacefully at the control because he knew that a real champion, Lewis Stroud, was waiting to show him the way out of town and that, with him as a precious, fast and durable pacer he could build up the lead he needed to win the race.
Mills reached Tours after 215 miles and more than 12 hours on the road. He rested for five minutes, ate raw meat "and a specially prepared stimulant", and set off an hour ahead of the other British riders. "By now," said Head, "the Frenchmen were hopelessly out of the running." He wrote:
Although the judges, the officials, and the large crowd had been waiting impatiently for three hours before the winner's weary, mud-caked figure was seen coming along the boulevard de la Porte Maillot, his reception was "wildly enthusiastic", as one writer put it , and he was escorted in triumph to his hotel. The time of 26h 36m 25s was truly remarkable when one considers the appalling road conditions, poor weather, and the delays, and all the other hardships encountered . The British victory was complete as Montague Holbein (27h 52m 15s) came in second, with Edge, nearly three hours away, third, and Bates fourth.
The Bicycle Union – later renamed the National Cyclists Union – had strict views about amateurism and had demanded its French equivalent ensure that all taking part met its own amateur ideals. Only then would the NCU allow Mills and other British amateurs to take part.
When Mills won, the Bicycle Union realised he was the works manager at a bicycle factory and decided he should be asked "whether he paid the whole of his expenses in the above-mentioned race." Only when he could prove that he had did the Bicycle Union concede that he was not a professional.
Results – 1891
Source:
Monsieur Bordeaux–Paris
In a timespan of 11 years, Belgian Herman Van Springel would win Bordeaux–Paris for a record of seven times.
Ten times Van Springel took part in the legendary long-distance race and as many times he stood on the podium: a unique feat. Van Springel was known for his exceptional stamina, although initially he did not have much interest in the tough race. "At the time, there was a rather persistent rumour in the peloton that anyone who rode Bordeaux-Paris was exhausted and therefore absolutely unable to play any significant role in the Tour de France. Some even claimed that such a one-off marathon race could mortgage the rest of your career." Van Springel later said.
In 1981, his last year as a professional cyclist, he won his seventh Bordeaux–Paris aged 37.
Last races
Bordeaux–Paris began to lose prestige in the 1980s. It required special training and clashed with riders' plans to compete in the Vuelta a España or Giro d'Italia stage races. Fields began to dwindle and the last motor-paced version was 1985; three non-paced versions were held from 1986 but 1988 proved the last as a professional race.
Winners
References
Other sources
Gallica, Online Archive, Le Petit Journal Index
Gallica, Online Archive, Le Petit Journal 24 May 1891 - Velocipedie - La Course de Bordeaux - Paris. Intermediate reports - Libourne, Barberieux, Poitier, Tours
Gallica, Online Archive, Le Petit Journal 25 May 1891 - Velocipedie - La Course de Bordeaux - Paris. Final report at Paris
Classic cycle races
Cycle races in France
Recurring sporting events established in 1891
1891 establishments in France
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1988
1988 disestablishments in France
Super Prestige Pernod races
|
Checkpoint 300 (, ), also known as the Bethlehem checkpoint, the Gilo Checkpoint, or the Rachel's Tomb checkpoint, is a major Israel Defense Forces checkpoint at one of the main exits of Bethlehem. It is the best known of all Israeli checkpoints, due to its location on the tourist route between Jerusalem and Bethlehem.
The crossing in its current format was established in 2005.
In March 2016, Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth criticized the overcrowding at the checkpoint and the attitude of the Israeli authorities towards the Palestinians. In December 2020, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel filed a petition to the Israeli Supreme Court on the same topic. Israeli human-rights association Machsom Watch has also criticized the conditions of the Bethlehem checkpoint.
See also
Palestinian freedom of movement
References
West Bank
Israeli checkpoints
|
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require "spec_helper"
describe "Task loading" do
include_examples "decidim module task loading", "decidim_proposals"
end
```
|
Lisa Anne Fletcher (, Stewart; December 27, 1844 – July 13, 1905) was an American poet and letter writer. She was widely known as artist, poet and correspondent. She was incapacitated for nearly 40 years by the lasting effects of malignant diphtheria, and during most of that period was bedridden, becoming a member of the Shut-in Society in 1878.
Early life
Lisa (nickname, "Lizzie") Anne Stewart was born in Ashby, Massachusetts, December 27, 1844. Her parents were Charles Stewart and Eliza (Derby) Stewart. When she was two years old, her father died, and when she was 16, her mother died. She was an only child. From earliest childhood, she showed an almost equal fondness for music, painting and poetry.
Career
In 1865, at the age of 20, the newly-wed Fletcher, now living in Manchester, New Hampshire, contracted diphtheria in its most severe form. In her later years, she was bedridden, and worked in a reclining position. She kept a large correspondence, partly through the Shut-in Society. She wrote thousands of letters, and fulfilled the Society's mission of offering cheer and comfort to others. In later years, she was a member of the Tribune sunshine society, to which she contributed in similar fashion.
In June, 1888, Fletcher began to write verse in earnest, mostly descriptive of objects and aspects in nature. Her poems' spirit of cheerfulness and hopefulness appealed to thousands who knew nothing of Fletcher's own story, and which appeared amazing to those who knew it in a general way, but did not understand the sources from which her cheerfulness and contentment sprang. Many of her poems were collected in a volume entitled Beside Still Waters, while many others remained fugitive. She contributed regularly to more than 30 newspapers and magazines.
Fletcher painted a collection of wildflowers that grew about Manchester, New Hampshire. The collection represented more than 300 species and was frequently exhibited. Many of the works had a place in the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893).
Stewart's love for birds amounted to a passion. From her chair, she studied the wild birds outside her window and sketched and painted them. She was a local secretary of the Audubon Society. Fletcher conducted a wide correspondence with nature lovers, and bird lovers in particular.
Personal life
In 1864, she married Edwin Samuel Fletcher (1883–1923), of Manchester, since which time her home was in that city.
Lisa Anne Fletcher died in Manchester, New Hampshire, July 13, 1905.
Selected works
Beside Still Waters (New York, Anson D.F. Randolph & Company, 1899)
References
External links
1844 births
1905 deaths
People from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
American letter writers
19th-century American poets
19th-century American women writers
Writers from Massachusetts
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
American writers with disabilities
Poets with disabilities
|
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
~
~
~ path_to_url
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<configuration>
<turboFilter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.turbo.MarkerFilter">
<Marker>PROFILER</Marker>
<OnMatch>NEUTRAL</OnMatch>
</turboFilter>
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5marker %-5level %class{36}:%L %M - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name="log" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
<File>target/test.log</File>
<Append>false</Append>
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<Pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %class{36}:%L %M - %msg%n</Pattern>
</layout>
</appender>
<root level="trace">
<appender-ref ref="stdout" />
</root>
<logger name="com.networknt" level="trace" additivity="false">
<appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
</logger>
</configuration>
```
|
Tamarasheni () is a former village in Georgia, within the territory controlled by separatist South Ossetia, some 0.5 km north of Tskhinvali.
Per Georgian administrative division the village is in Shida Kartli region. During the 2008 South Ossetia War, the village was completely destroyed by the Ossetian forces and depopulated of its majority Georgian population. After the war, the South Ossetian regime included the former Tamarasheni territory in Tskhinvali as a "Moscow Microdistrict" inaugurated by the mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov.
The village is situated in the Great Liakhvi River valley. Tradition holds it that the modern-day village was founded by the medieval queen Tamar of Georgia (1284–1212) as a small town. Hence, the settlement's name, literally meaning "built by Tamar". It was formerly part of the late medieval Georgian princedom of Samachablo (literally, "the estate of the Machabeli [family]") and then of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (abolished in 1990). Populated mostly by ethnic Georgians, the village lies within the ongoing Georgian–Ossetian conflict zone, and remained under the government of Georgia's control till the 2008 South Ossetia War.
Tamarasheni is a home to a museum of the 19th-century Georgian writer and Shakespeare translator Ivane Machabeli who was born there in 1854. The museum was severely damaged on July 23, 1997, in a blast allegedly organized by local Ossetian separatists.
Most of the village's houses were destroyed during the 2008 South Ossetia War by Ossetian militias.
See also
Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia
Shida Kartli
References
Populated places in Gori Municipality
|
```python
from hashlib import sha1
import tempfile
import pytest
import ray
from ray import workflow
from ray.workflow.storage.debug import DebugStorage
from ray.workflow.workflow_storage import STEP_OUTPUTS_METADATA
from ray.workflow.common import asyncio_run
from ray.workflow.storage.filesystem import FilesystemStorageImpl
from ray.workflow.tests.utils import _alter_storage
@ray.remote
def pass_1(x: str, y: str):
return sha1((x + y + "1").encode()).hexdigest()
@ray.remote
def pass_2(x: str, y: str):
if sha1((x + y + "_2").encode()).hexdigest() > x:
return sha1((x + y + "2").encode()).hexdigest()
return workflow.continuation(pass_1.bind(x, y))
@ray.remote
def pass_3(x: str, y: str):
if sha1((x + y + "_3").encode()).hexdigest() > x:
return sha1((x + y + "3").encode()).hexdigest()
return workflow.continuation(pass_2.bind(x, y))
@ray.remote
def merge(x0: str, x1: str, x2: str) -> str:
return sha1((x0 + x1 + x2).encode()).hexdigest()
@ray.remote
def scan(x0: str, x1: str, x2: str):
x0 = sha1((x0 + x2).encode()).hexdigest()
x1 = sha1((x1 + x2).encode()).hexdigest()
x2 = sha1((x0 + x1 + x2).encode()).hexdigest()
y0, y1, y2 = pass_1.bind(x0, x1), pass_2.bind(x1, x2), pass_3.bind(x2, x0)
return workflow.continuation(merge.bind(y0, y1, y2))
def construct_workflow(length: int):
results = ["a", "b"]
for i in range(length):
x0, x1, x2 = results[-2], results[-1], str(i)
results.append(scan.bind(x0, x1, x2))
return results[-1]
def _locate_initial_commit(debug_store: DebugStorage) -> int:
for i in range(len(debug_store)):
log = debug_store.get_log(i)
if log["key"].endswith(STEP_OUTPUTS_METADATA):
return i
return -1
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="TODO (suquark): Support debug storage.")
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"workflow_start_regular",
[
{
"num_cpus": 4, # increase CPUs to add pressure
}
],
indirect=True,
)
def test_failure_with_storage(workflow_start_regular):
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
debug_store = DebugStorage(temp_dir)
_alter_storage(debug_store)
wf = construct_workflow(length=3)
result = wf.run(workflow_id="complex_workflow")
index = _locate_initial_commit(debug_store) + 1
debug_store.log_off()
def resume(num_records_replayed):
key = debug_store.wrapped_storage.make_key("complex_workflow")
asyncio_run(debug_store.wrapped_storage.delete_prefix(key))
async def replay():
# We need to replay one by one to avoid conflict
for i in range(num_records_replayed):
await debug_store.replay(i)
asyncio_run(replay())
return workflow.resume(workflow_id="complex_workflow")
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
# in cases, the replayed records are too few to resume the
# workflow.
resume(index - 1)
if isinstance(debug_store.wrapped_storage, FilesystemStorageImpl):
# filesystem is faster, so we can cover all cases
task_len = 1
else:
task_len = max((len(debug_store) - index) // 5, 1)
for j in range(index, len(debug_store), task_len):
assert resume(j) == result
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))
```
|
The Cheesewring () is a granite tor in Cornwall, England, situated on the eastern flank of Bodmin Moor on Stowe's Hill in the parish of Linkinhorne approximately one mile northwest of the village of Minions and four miles (6 km) north of Liskeard. It is a natural geological formation, a rock outcrop of granite slabs formed by weathering. The name derives from the resemblance of the piled slabs to a "cheesewring", a press-like device that was once used to make cheese.
Wilkie Collins described the Cheesewring in 1861 in his book Rambles Beyond Railways:
Located adjacent to the Cheesewring Quarry (which supplied the granite cladding for the structure of Tower Bridge, London) and surrounded by other granite formations, this landmark was threatened with destruction in the late nineteenth century by the proximity of blasting operations, but was saved as a result of local activism.
Legend
A local legend says that the Cheesewring is the result of a contest between a man and a giant. When Christianity had just been introduced to the British Islands, the giants who lived at the top of the mountains were not happy about it. The saints had invaded their land and were declaring their wells as sacred. One of the larger giants, Uther, was given the task of ridding their land of the saints. He confronted the frail Saint Tue, who proposed a rock throwing contest. If Uther won, the saints would leave Cornwall. If Saint Tue won, then the giants would convert to Christianity. Uther took his turn first and easily threw a small rock to the top of nearby Stowe's Hill. Tue prayed for assistance, and picking up a huge slab found it was very light. One after the other, they threw their rocks, stacking them up in perfect piles. When the score was twelve stones each, Uther threw a thirteenth stone, but it rolled down the hill. Tue picked up this fallen stone, and as he lifted it, an angel appeared to carry it to the top of the pile of rocks. Seeing this, Uther conceded, and most of the giants decided to follow Christianity after that.
Notable residents
Daniel Gumb (d. 1776), stonemason, lived in a cave on the moor with his family, to avoid paying taxes; several gravestones in Linkinhorne churchyard were carved by him.
References
Legends of Cornwall's Stones Gareth Evans, 2005
Landforms of Cornwall
Rock formations of England
Tourist attractions in Cornwall
|
Agneepath is the soundtrack album for 2012 film of the same name produced by Hiroo Yash Johar and Karan Johar under Dharma Productions and directed by Karan Malhotra in his directorial debut. The film stars Hrithik Roshan, Sanjay Dutt, Rishi Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra, Kanika Tiwari, Om Puri and Zarina Wahab. The music of Agneepath was composed by Ajay–Atul, with lyrics written by Amitabh Bhattacharya.
Development
The songs were composed with the help of live instrumentation being extensively used. While explaining the process involved in composing the soundtrack, Ajay said that Malhotra narrated the story to them for over four hours, whilst humming the background score that he wanted. This was followed by innumerable discussions which made them "understand each other well". He also mentioned that the song "Chikni Chameli" was a remake of their own Marathi song "Kombdi Palali" from the film Jatra (2006). Sony Music acquired the rights to the album for .
Release
The film's audio was digitally released on 12 December 2011, and a physical release of the album took place on 16 December at the Radio City FM station (Mumbai) with the composer duo, lyricist and the director in attendance.
Track listing
Reception
The music of Agneepath has received positive reviews from critics. Joginder Tuteja praised the compositions and added that "Chikni Chameli" would be responsible for the rise in sales of the album. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the album 3 out of 5 stars and said that the film's soundtrack was better than that of the original, while praising the composition of the songs "Deva Shree Ganesha" and "O Saiyyan". A review carried by the BBC summed up, "Blessedly free of unnecessary remixes, Agneepath is a well-crafted, evocative collection of songs that proves the adage that, when it comes to Indian music composers, sometimes two heads can be better than one. The song "Chikni Chameli" was extremely well received and topped the music charts.
Controversy
In January 2012, a plagiarism suit was filed against Sony Music and Dharma Productions by a Mumbai-based engineer, for lifting and featuring the song "O Saiyyan" in the album. The Nagpur High Court ordered Johar to release the film, only after truncating the use of the song in it.
Awards and nominations
References
Hindi film soundtracks
2011 soundtrack albums
Sony Music India soundtracks
|
Rachiptera limbata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Rachiptera of the family Tephritidae.
Distribution
Bolivia, Chile, Argentina.
References
Tephritinae
Diptera of South America
Insects described in 1859
|
Dorian Wind Quintet is an American wind quintet. Formed at Tanglewood Music Festival, Tennessee, in 1961, their repertoire includes Baroque pieces to contemporary pieces. They have released recordings on Summit, New World, and CRI Records. Members have included Catherine Ransom Karoly and Jerry Kirkbride.
They have commissioned works by composers including George Perle's Wind Quintet IV, 1986 Pulitzer Prize for Music winner. In 1981 they were the first wind quintet to appear in Carnegie Hall.
The ensemble's members are flutist Gretchen Pusch, oboist Gerard Reuter, clarinetist Benjamin Fingland, bassoonist Adrian Morejon and French hornist Karl Kramer-Johansen.
See also
Dorian mode
References
External links
http://www.DorianWindQuintet.org/
"Dorian Wind Quintet", ParkerArtists.com.
"Dorian Woodwind Quintet Foundation", NYC-Arts.org.
"The Dorian Wind Quintet", SaintPaulSunday.PublicRadio.org.
Dorian Wind Quintet records, 1954-2012 Music Division, The New York Public Library.
Wind quintets
Musical groups established in 1961
Summit Records artists
1961 establishments in Tennessee
|
Eyewitness or eye witness may refer to:
Witness
Witness, someone who has knowledge acquired through first-hand experience
Eyewitness memory
Eyewitness testimony
Arts, entertainment, and media
Films
Eyewitness (1956 film), a British film starring Donald Sinden
Eyewitness (1970 film), a film starring Mark Lester
Eyewitness (1981 film), a thriller starring William Hurt, Sigourney Weaver and Christopher Plummer
Eyewitness (1999 film), nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Documentary
Music
Eyewitness (Royal Hunt album)
Eyewitness (Kayak album)
Television
Eye Witness (TV series), 1953 American anthology television series
Eyewitness (UK TV series), British natural history television series
Eyewitness (U.S. TV series), 2016 American drama television series, based on Øyevitne
Øyevitne (Eyewitness), 2014 Norwegian drama series
Other arts, entertainment, and media
Eyewitness a book by Ernest Dunlop Swinton
Eyewitness Books
The Eye-Witness, a magazine published by G. K. Chesterton
|
Manki is a village situated in the Deoband Mandal of Saharanpur District in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The village is from its Mandal headquarters at Deoband. Manki is known for GADA Biradri or GAUR. It is also famous for ancient Shiv Mandir (Shivalay). Manki is famous for its hospitality. Every year bhole come from different part of country stay there at Shiv Mandir and the go to Haridwar for taking holly bath. Every Monday in srawan month , a festival is organised at Shiv Mandir and people from across the country join this festival.
The village is located at at an elevation of .
Villages nearby include Talheri Khurd (), Miragpur (), Sanpla Bakkal (), Dugchari Malakpur (), Bibipur (), Sadharanapur () and Salhapur ().
References
Garha
Gaur Rajput
Gaur Brahmins
Villages in Saharanpur district
|
```objective-c
// 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
/*
*******************************************************************************
* Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
*******************************************************************************
* collationfcd.h
*
* created on: 2012aug18
* created by: Markus W. Scherer
*/
#ifndef __COLLATIONFCD_H__
#define __COLLATIONFCD_H__
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION
#include "unicode/utf16.h"
U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
/**
* Data and functions for the FCD check fast path.
*
* The fast path looks at a pair of 16-bit code units and checks
* whether there is an FCD boundary between them;
* there is if the first unit has a trailing ccc=0 (!hasTccc(first))
* or the second unit has a leading ccc=0 (!hasLccc(second)),
* or both.
* When the fast path finds a possible non-boundary,
* then the FCD check slow path looks at the actual sequence of FCD values.
*
* This is a pure optimization.
* The fast path must at least find all possible non-boundaries.
* If the fast path is too pessimistic, it costs performance.
*
* For a pair of BMP characters, the fast path tests are precise (1 bit per character).
*
* For a supplementary code point, the two units are its lead and trail surrogates.
* We set hasTccc(lead)=true if any of its 1024 associated supplementary code points
* has lccc!=0 or tccc!=0.
* We set hasLccc(trail)=true for all trail surrogates.
* As a result, we leave the fast path if the lead surrogate might start a
* supplementary code point that is not FCD-inert.
* (So the fast path need not detect that there is a surrogate pair,
* nor look ahead to the next full code point.)
*
* hasLccc(lead)=true if any of its 1024 associated supplementary code points
* has lccc!=0, for fast boundary checking between BMP & supplementary.
*
* hasTccc(trail)=false:
* It should only be tested for unpaired trail surrogates which are FCD-inert.
*/
class U_I18N_API CollationFCD {
public:
static inline UBool hasLccc(UChar32 c) {
// assert c <= 0xffff
// c can be negative, e.g., U_SENTINEL from UCharIterator;
// that is handled in the first test.
int32_t i;
return
// U+0300 is the first character with lccc!=0.
c >= 0x300 &&
(i = lcccIndex[c >> 5]) != 0 &&
(lcccBits[i] & (static_cast<uint32_t>(1) << (c & 0x1f))) != 0;
}
static inline UBool hasTccc(UChar32 c) {
// assert c <= 0xffff
// c can be negative, e.g., U_SENTINEL from UCharIterator;
// that is handled in the first test.
int32_t i;
return
// U+00C0 is the first character with tccc!=0.
c >= 0xc0 &&
(i = tcccIndex[c >> 5]) != 0 &&
(tcccBits[i] & (static_cast<uint32_t>(1) << (c & 0x1f))) != 0;
}
static inline UBool mayHaveLccc(UChar32 c) {
// Handles all of Unicode 0..10FFFF.
// c can be negative, e.g., U_SENTINEL.
// U+0300 is the first character with lccc!=0.
if(c < 0x300) { return false; }
if(c > 0xffff) { c = U16_LEAD(c); }
int32_t i;
return
(i = lcccIndex[c >> 5]) != 0 &&
(lcccBits[i] & (static_cast<uint32_t>(1) << (c & 0x1f))) != 0;
}
/**
* Tibetan composite vowel signs (U+0F73, U+0F75, U+0F81)
* must be decomposed before reaching the core collation code,
* or else some sequences including them, even ones passing the FCD check,
* do not yield canonically equivalent results.
*
* This is a fast and imprecise test.
*
* @param c a code point
* @return true if c is U+0F73, U+0F75 or U+0F81 or one of several other Tibetan characters
*/
static inline UBool maybeTibetanCompositeVowel(UChar32 c) {
return (c & 0x1fff01) == 0xf01;
}
/**
* Tibetan composite vowel signs (U+0F73, U+0F75, U+0F81)
* must be decomposed before reaching the core collation code,
* or else some sequences including them, even ones passing the FCD check,
* do not yield canonically equivalent results.
*
* They have distinct lccc/tccc combinations: 129/130 or 129/132.
*
* @param fcd16 the FCD value (lccc/tccc combination) of a code point
* @return true if fcd16 is from U+0F73, U+0F75 or U+0F81
*/
static inline UBool isFCD16OfTibetanCompositeVowel(uint16_t fcd16) {
return fcd16 == 0x8182 || fcd16 == 0x8184;
}
private:
CollationFCD() = delete; // No instantiation.
static const uint8_t lcccIndex[2048];
static const uint8_t tcccIndex[2048];
static const uint32_t lcccBits[];
static const uint32_t tcccBits[];
};
U_NAMESPACE_END
#endif // !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION
#endif // __COLLATIONFCD_H__
```
|
Constance-Anne Parker (19 October 1921 – 1 April 2016) was a British artist and sculptor who also held a number of roles at the Royal Academy.
Biography
Parker was born in London and studied painting at the Royal Academy Schools from 1946 to 1951. While at the RA Schools Parker won four silver and two bronze medals and she also took evening classes in sculpture at the Regent Street Polytechnic School of Art. Parker exhibited paintings and sculptures with the New English Art Club, with the Royal Academy and with both the Royal Society of Portrait Painters and the Royal Society of British Sculptors, of which she was a fellow. In 1974 Parker became the librarian at the RA and eventually a lecturer, archivist and travelling exhibitions organiser with the Academy. From 1952 to 1976 Parker served as the honorary treasurer of the Reynolds Club, the alumni society of the RA Schools, and in due course became its chairperson. Parker wrote a number of books on art including Mr Stubbs the Horse Painter in 1971 and A Picture of the RA published in 1985. A retrospective exhibition of Parker's sculptures were held in 1977 at the Belgrave Gallery in London.
References
1921 births
2016 deaths
20th-century British sculptors
20th-century English women artists
21st-century British sculptors
21st-century English women artists
Alumni of the Royal Academy Schools
Alumni of the University of Westminster
English women sculptors
Modern sculptors
Sculptors from London
|
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="path_to_url"><head><title>Owl_base_dense_matrix_c (owl-base.Owl_base_dense_matrix_c)</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../odoc.support/odoc.css"/><meta name="generator" content="odoc 2.4.2"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"/><script src="../../odoc.support/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body class="odoc"><nav class="odoc-nav"><a href="../index.html">Up</a> <a href="../index.html">owl-base</a> » Owl_base_dense_matrix_c</nav><header class="odoc-preamble"><h1>Module <code><span>Owl_base_dense_matrix_c</span></code></h1></header><div class="odoc-content"><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec module anchored" id="module-M"><a href="#module-M" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">module</span> M</span><span> = <a href="../Owl_base_dense_matrix_generic/index.html">Owl_base_dense_matrix_generic</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-include"><details open="open"><summary class="spec include"><code><span><span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="keyword">module</span> <span class="keyword">type</span> <span class="keyword">of</span> <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="keyword">include</span> <a href="../Owl_base_dense_matrix_generic/index.html">M</a> <span class="keyword">end</span></span></code></summary><p>About the comparison of two complex numbers <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, Owl uses the following conventions: 1) <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> are equal iff both real and imaginary parts are equal; 2) <code>x</code> is less than <code>y</code> if the magnitude of <code>x</code> is less than the magnitude of <code>x</code>; in case both <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> have the same magnitudes, <code>x</code> is less than <code>x</code> if the phase of <code>x</code> is less than the phase of <code>y</code>; 3) less or equal, greater, greater or equal relation can be further defined atop of the aforementioned conventions.</p><h6 id="type-definition"><a href="#type-definition" class="anchor"></a>Type definition</h6><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec type anchored" id="type-t"><a href="#type-t" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">type</span> <span>('a, 'b) t</span></span><span> = <span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>, <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Bigarray.c_layout)</span> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Bigarray.Genarray.t</span></span></code></div><div class="spec-doc"><p>N-dimensional array type, i.e. Bigarray Genarray type.</p></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-diagm"><a href="#val-diagm" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> diagm : <span><span class="optlabel">?k</span>:int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span></span></code></div><div class="spec-doc"><p>Refer to :doc:`owl_dense_matrix_generic`</p></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-tril"><a href="#val-tril" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> tril : <span><span class="optlabel">?k</span>:int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span></span></code></div><div class="spec-doc"><p>Refer to :doc:`owl_dense_matrix_generic`</p></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-triu"><a href="#val-triu" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> triu : <span><span class="optlabel">?k</span>:int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span>(<span class="type-var">'a</span>, <span class="type-var">'b</span>)</span> <a href="#type-t">t</a></span></span></code></div><div class="spec-doc"><p>Refer to :doc:`owl_dense_matrix_generic`</p></div></div></details></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec type anchored" id="type-elt"><a href="#type-elt" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">type</span> elt</span><span> = <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Complex.t</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec type anchored" id="type-mat"><a href="#type-mat" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">type</span> mat</span><span> = <span><span>(<span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Complex.t, <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Bigarray.complex32_elt)</span> <a href="../Owl_base_dense_matrix_generic/index.html#type-t">M.t</a></span></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-eye"><a href="#val-eye" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> eye : <span>int <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><span>(<span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Complex.t, <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.Bigarray.complex32_elt)</span> <a href="../Owl_base_dense_matrix_generic/index.html#type-t">M.t</a></span></span></code></div></div></div></body></html>
```
|
```go
package config_test
import (
"context"
"os"
"os/exec"
"path"
"path/filepath"
"github.com/containers/storage"
. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
crioann "github.com/cri-o/cri-o/pkg/annotations"
"github.com/cri-o/cri-o/pkg/config"
"github.com/cri-o/cri-o/utils/cmdrunner"
)
const (
alwaysPresentPath = "/tmp"
invalid = "invalid"
)
// The actual test suite.
var _ = t.Describe("Config", func() {
BeforeEach(beforeEach)
runtimeValidConfig := func() *config.Config {
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath, RuntimeType: config.DefaultRuntimeType, ContainerMinMemory: "12MiB",
}
sut.PinnsPath = validFilePath
sut.NamespacesDir = os.TempDir()
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
tmpDir := t.MustTempDir("cni-test")
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{tmpDir}
sut.NetworkDir = os.TempDir()
sut.LogDir = "/"
sut.Listen = t.MustTempFile("crio.sock")
sut.HooksDir = []string{}
return sut
}
isRootless := func() bool {
return os.Geteuid() != 0
}
t.Describe("ValidateConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with runtime checks", func() {
if isRootless() {
Skip("this test does not work rootless")
}
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid log_dir", func() {
// Given
sut.RootConfig.LogDir = "/dev/null"
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid runtime config", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
sut.Listen = "/proc"
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid api config", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid network config", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: validDirPath}
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = invalidPath
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on unrecognized image volume type", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageVolumes = invalidPath
// When
err := sut.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on wrong default ulimits", func() {
// Given
sut.DefaultUlimits = []string{"invalid=-1:-1"}
// When
err := sut.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateAPIConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with negative GRPCMaxSendMsgSize", func() {
// Given
sut.GRPCMaxSendMsgSize = -100
// When
err := sut.APIConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with negative GRPCMaxRecvMsgSize", func() {
// Given
sut.GRPCMaxRecvMsgSize = -100
// When
err := sut.APIConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid Listen directory", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
sut.Listen = "/proc/dir/crio.sock"
// When
err := sut.APIConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail if socket removal fails", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
sut.Listen = "/proc"
// When
err := sut.APIConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateRuntimeConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed during runtime", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with additional devices", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{"/dev/null:/dev/null:rw"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with hooks directories", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
RuntimeType: config.DefaultRuntimeType,
}
sut.PinnsPath = validFilePath
sut.NamespacesDir = os.TempDir()
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
sut.HooksDir = []string{validDirPath, validDirPath, validDirPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.HooksDir).To(HaveLen(3))
})
It("should sort out invalid hooks directories", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: validFilePath}
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
sut.PinnsPath = validFilePath
sut.NamespacesDir = os.TempDir()
sut.HooksDir = []string{invalidPath, validDirPath, validDirPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.HooksDir).To(HaveLen(2))
})
It("should create non-existent hooks directory", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: validFilePath}
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
sut.PinnsPath = validFilePath
sut.NamespacesDir = os.TempDir()
sut.HooksDir = []string{filepath.Join(validDirPath, "new")}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.HooksDir).To(HaveLen(1))
})
It("should fail on invalid conmon path", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: validFilePath}
sut.Conmon = invalidPath
sut.HooksDir = []string{validDirPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on wrong DefaultUlimits", func() {
// Given
sut.DefaultUlimits = []string{invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should inherit default value if invalid runtime container minimum memory limit is set", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"].ContainerMinMemory = "123invalid"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on wrong invalid device specification", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{"::::"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid device", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid device mode", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{"/dev/null:/dev/null:abc"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid first device", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{"wrong:/dev/null:rw"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid second device", func() {
// Given
sut.AdditionalDevices = []string{"/dev/null:wrong:rw"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on no default runtime", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes = config.Runtimes{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on non existing runtime binary", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: "not-existing"}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail wrong max log size", func() {
// Given
sut.LogSizeMax = 1
// When
err := sut.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed without defaultRuntime set", func() {
// Given
sut.DefaultRuntime = ""
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.DefaultRuntime).To(Equal("runc"))
})
It("should succeed without Runtimes and DefaultRuntime set", func() {
// Given
sut.DefaultRuntime = ""
sut.Runtimes = config.Runtimes{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.DefaultRuntime).To(Equal("runc"))
})
It("should fail on invalid default_sysctls", func() {
// Given
sut.DefaultSysctls = []string{invalid}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should pass for valid Timezone", func() {
// Set a valid Timezone
sut.Timezone = "America/New_York"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail for invalid Timezone", func() {
// Set an invalid Timezone
sut.Timezone = "InvalidTimezone"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
Expect(err.Error()).To(ContainSubstring("invalid timezone: InvalidTimezone"))
})
It("should pass for 'Local' Timezone", func() {
// Set Timezone to 'Local'
sut.Timezone = "Local"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("TranslateMonitorFields", func() {
It("should fail on invalid conmon cgroup", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
sut.ConmonCgroup = "wrong"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid conmon cgroup", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
sut.ConmonCgroup = invalid
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid InfraCtrCPUSet", func() {
// Given
sut.RuntimeConfig.InfraCtrCPUSet = "unparsable"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should inherit from .Conmon even if bogus", func() {
// Given
sut.Conmon = invalidPath
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should inherit from .Conmon", func() {
// Given
sut.Conmon = validConmonPath()
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(handler.MonitorPath).To(Equal(sut.Conmon))
})
It("should inherit from .ConmonEnv", func() {
// Given
sut.ConmonEnv = []string{"PATH=/usr/bin"}
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(handler.MonitorEnv).To(Equal(sut.ConmonEnv))
})
It("should inherit from .ConmonCgroup", func() {
// Given
sut.ConmonCgroup = "system.slice"
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.TranslateMonitorFieldsForHandler(handler, true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(handler.MonitorCgroup).To(Equal(sut.ConmonCgroup))
})
It("should configure a taskset prefix for cmdrunner for a valid InfraCtrCPUSet", func() {
executable, err := exec.LookPath("taskset")
if err != nil {
Skip("this test relies on 'taskset' being present")
}
// Given
cmdrunner.ResetPrependedCmd()
sut.RuntimeConfig.InfraCtrCPUSet = "0"
// When
err = sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(cmdrunner.GetPrependedCmd()).To(Equal(executable))
})
It("should not configure a taskset prefix for cmdrunner for an empty InfraCtrCPUSet", func() {
// Given
cmdrunner.ResetPrependedCmd()
sut.RuntimeConfig.InfraCtrCPUSet = ""
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.Validate(nil, false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(cmdrunner.GetPrependedCmd()).To(Equal(""))
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateRuntimes", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with empty runtime_type", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail if default executable not in $PATH", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes[invalidPath] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: ""}
sut.DefaultRuntime = invalidPath
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should not fail if non-default executable not in $PATH", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes[invalidPath] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: ""}
sut.DefaultRuntime = "runc"
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with wrong but set runtime_path", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{RuntimePath: invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with wrong runtime_type", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
RuntimeType: "wrong",
}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with wrong allowed_annotation", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
AllowedAnnotations: []string{"wrong"},
}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should have allowed and disallowed annotation", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
AllowedAnnotations: []string{crioann.DevicesAnnotation},
}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateRuntimes()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Runtimes["runc"].AllowedAnnotations).To(ContainElement(crioann.DevicesAnnotation))
Expect(sut.Runtimes["runc"].DisallowedAnnotations).NotTo(ContainElement(crioann.DevicesAnnotation))
})
It("should allow no_sync_log for implicit default runtime", func() {
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
}
sut.Runtimes["runc"].NoSyncLog = true
err := sut.Runtimes["runc"].Validate("runc")
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Runtimes["runc"].NoSyncLog).To(BeTrue())
})
It("should allow no_sync_log for the 'oci' runtime", func() {
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: validFilePath,
RuntimeType: "oci",
}
sut.Runtimes["runc"].NoSyncLog = true
err := sut.Runtimes["runc"].Validate("runc")
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Runtimes["runc"].NoSyncLog).To(BeTrue())
})
It("should disallow no_sync_log for the 'vm' runtime", func() {
sut.Runtimes["kata"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: "containerd-shim-kata-qemu-v2", RuntimeType: config.RuntimeTypeVM,
}
sut.Runtimes["kata"].NoSyncLog = true
err := sut.Runtimes["kata"].ValidateNoSyncLog()
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
Expect(err).To(MatchError("no_sync_log is only allowed with runtime type 'oci', runtime type is 'vm'"))
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateConmonPath", func() {
It("should succeed with valid file in $PATH", func() {
// Given
sut.RuntimeConfig.Conmon = ""
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{MonitorPath: ""}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateConmonPath(validConmonPath(), handler)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(handler.MonitorPath).To(Equal(validConmonPath()))
})
It("should fail with invalid file in $PATH", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{MonitorPath: ""}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateConmonPath(invalidPath, handler)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with valid file outside $PATH", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{MonitorPath: validConmonPath()}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateConmonPath("", handler)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid file outside $PATH", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{MonitorPath: invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.RuntimeConfig.ValidateConmonPath("", handler)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateImageConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.ImageConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed on execution and writing permissions", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.SignaturePolicyDir = os.TempDir()
// When
err := sut.ImageConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail when SignaturePolicyDir is not absolute", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.SignaturePolicyDir = "./wrong/path"
// When
err := sut.ImageConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail when PauseImage is invalid", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.PauseImage = "//NOT:a valid image reference!"
// When
err := sut.ImageConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ImageConfig.ParsePauseImage", func() {
It("should succeed with the default value", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.PauseImage = config.DefaultPauseImage
// When
ref, err := sut.ImageConfig.ParsePauseImage()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
// DefaultPauseImage is using a canonical form where this comparison is expected to work.
Expect(ref.StringForOutOfProcessConsumptionOnly()).To(Equal(config.DefaultPauseImage))
})
It("should succeed with a name-only value", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.PauseImage = "registry.k8s.io/pause"
// When
ref, err := sut.ImageConfig.ParsePauseImage()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(ref.StringForOutOfProcessConsumptionOnly()).To(Equal("registry.k8s.io/pause:latest"))
})
It("should succeed with a short name", func() {
// NOTE: This behavior is undocumented. Users are expected to provide a
// name with a registry
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.PauseImage = "short:notlatest"
// When
ref, err := sut.ImageConfig.ParsePauseImage()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(ref.StringForOutOfProcessConsumptionOnly()).To(Equal("docker.io/library/short:notlatest"))
})
It("should fail with an invalid value", func() {
// Given
sut.ImageConfig.PauseImage = "//THIS is:very!invalid="
// When
_, err := sut.ImageConfig.ParsePauseImage()
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateNetworkConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed during runtime", func() {
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should create the NetworkDir", func() {
// Given
tmpDir := t.MustTempDir("network")
Expect(os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = tmpDir
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{validDirPath}
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid NetworkDir", func() {
// Given
tmpfile := path.Join(os.TempDir(), "wrong-file")
file, err := os.Create(tmpfile)
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
file.Close()
defer os.Remove(tmpfile)
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = tmpfile
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{}
// When
err = sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid PluginDirs", func() {
// Given
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{invalidPath}
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed on having PluginDir", func() {
// Given
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{}
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed in appending PluginDir to PluginDirs", func() {
// Given
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{}
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs[0]).To(Equal(validDirPath))
})
It("should fail in validating invalid PluginDir", func() {
// Given
sut.NetworkConfig.NetworkDir = validDirPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDir = invalidPath
sut.NetworkConfig.PluginDirs = []string{}
// When
err := sut.NetworkConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateRootConfig", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.RootConfig.Validate(false)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed during runtime", func() {
if isRootless() {
Skip("this test does not work rootless")
}
// Given
sut = runtimeValidConfig()
// When
err := sut.RootConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail on invalid LogDir", func() {
// Given
sut.RootConfig.LogDir = "/dev/null"
// When
err := sut.RootConfig.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with non absolute log_dir", func() {
// Given
sut.RootConfig.LogDir = "test"
// When
err := sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should get default storage options when options are empty", func() {
if isRootless() {
Skip("this test does not work rootless")
}
// Given
defaultStore, err := storage.GetStore(storage.StoreOptions{})
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
sut.RootConfig.RunRoot = ""
sut.RootConfig.Root = ""
sut.RootConfig.Storage = ""
sut.RootConfig.StorageOptions = make([]string, 0)
// this must be set in case pinns isn't downloaded to the $PATH
sut.RuntimeConfig.PinnsPath = alwaysPresentPath
// When
err = sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.RootConfig.RunRoot).To(Equal(defaultStore.RunRoot()))
Expect(sut.RootConfig.Root).To(Equal(defaultStore.GraphRoot()))
Expect(sut.RootConfig.Storage).To(Equal(defaultStore.GraphDriverName()))
Expect(sut.RootConfig.StorageOptions).To(Equal(defaultStore.GraphOptions()))
})
It("should override default storage options", func() {
if isRootless() {
Skip("this test does not work rootless")
}
// Given
defaultStore, err := storage.GetStore(storage.StoreOptions{})
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
sut.RootConfig.RunRoot = alwaysPresentPath
sut.RootConfig.Root = alwaysPresentPath
// this must be set in case pinns isn't downloaded to the $PATH
sut.RuntimeConfig.PinnsPath = alwaysPresentPath
// When
err = sut.Validate(true)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.RootConfig.RunRoot).NotTo(Equal(defaultStore.RunRoot()))
Expect(sut.RootConfig.Root).NotTo(Equal(defaultStore.GraphRoot()))
})
})
t.Describe("ToFile", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
tmpfile := t.MustTempFile("config")
// When
err := sut.ToFile(tmpfile)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
_, err = os.Stat(tmpfile)
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with invalid path", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.ToFile(invalidPath)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("UpdateFromFile", func() {
It("should succeed with custom config", func() {
// Given
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
Expect(os.WriteFile(f,
[]byte(`
[crio]
storage_driver = "overlay2"
[crio.runtime]
pids_limit = 2048`,
), 0),
).To(Succeed())
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Storage).To(Equal("overlay2"))
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveLen(1))
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveKey("runc"))
Expect(sut.PidsLimit).To(BeEquivalentTo(2048))
})
It("should inherit storage_options from storage.conf and remove duplicates", func() {
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
// Given
Expect(os.WriteFile(f,
[]byte(`
[crio]
storage_option = [
"foo=bar",
]`,
), 0),
).To(Succeed())
for _, tc := range []struct {
opts []string
expect []string
}{
{[]string{"option1=v1", "option2=v2", "option3=v3"}, []string{"option1=v1", "option2=v2", "option3=v3", "foo=bar"}},
{[]string{"option1=v1", "option3=v3", "option2=v2", "option3=v3"}, []string{"option1=v1", "option2=v2", "option3=v3", "foo=bar"}},
{[]string{"option1=v1", "option2=v2", "option3=v3", "option1=v1"}, []string{"option2=v2", "option3=v3", "option1=v1", "foo=bar"}},
{[]string{"option1=v1", "option2=v2", "option3=v3", "option4=v4", "option3=v3", "option1=v1"}, []string{"option2=v2", "option4=v4", "option3=v3", "option1=v1", "foo=bar"}},
} {
// When
defaultcfg := defaultConfig()
defaultcfg.StorageOptions = tc.opts
err := defaultcfg.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(defaultcfg.RootConfig.StorageOptions).To(Equal(tc.expect))
}
})
It("should inherit graphroot from storage.conf if crio root is empty", func() {
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
for _, tc := range []struct {
criocfg []byte
graphRoot string
expect string
}{
{[]byte(`
[crio]
root = ""
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/storage"},
{[]byte(`
[crio]
root = "/test/crio/storage"
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/crio/storage"},
} {
Expect(os.WriteFile(f, tc.criocfg, 0)).To(Succeed())
// When
defaultcfg := defaultConfig()
defaultcfg.Root = tc.graphRoot
err := defaultcfg.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(defaultcfg.Root).To(Equal(tc.expect))
}
})
It("should inherit runroot from storage.conf if crio runroot is empty", func() {
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
for _, tc := range []struct {
criocfg []byte
runRoot string
expect string
}{
{[]byte(`
[crio]
runroot = ""
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/storage"},
{[]byte(`
[crio]
runroot = "/test/crio/storage"
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/crio/storage"},
} {
Expect(os.WriteFile(f, tc.criocfg, 0)).To(Succeed())
// When
defaultcfg := defaultConfig()
defaultcfg.RunRoot = tc.runRoot
err := defaultcfg.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(defaultcfg.RunRoot).To(Equal(tc.expect))
}
})
It("should inherit runroot from storage.conf if crio runroot is empty", func() {
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
for _, tc := range []struct {
criocfg []byte
storageDriver string
expect string
}{
{[]byte(`
[crio]
storage_driver = ""
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/storage"},
{[]byte(`
[crio]
storage_driver = "/test/crio/storage"
`,
), "/test/storage", "/test/crio/storage"},
} {
Expect(os.WriteFile(f, tc.criocfg, 0)).To(Succeed())
// When
defaultcfg := defaultConfig()
defaultcfg.Storage = tc.storageDriver
err := defaultcfg.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(defaultcfg.Storage).To(Equal(tc.expect))
}
})
It("should succeed with custom runtime", func() {
// Given
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
Expect(os.WriteFile(f,
[]byte("[crio.runtime.runtimes.crun]"), 0),
).To(Succeed())
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveLen(2))
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveKey("crun"))
})
It("should succeed with additional runtime", func() {
// Given
f := t.MustTempFile("config")
Expect(os.WriteFile(f,
[]byte(`
[crio.runtime.runtimes.runc]
[crio.runtime.runtimes.crun]
`), 0),
).To(Succeed())
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), f)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveLen(2))
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveKey("crun"))
Expect(sut.Runtimes).To(HaveKey("runc"))
})
It("should fail when file does not exist", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), "/invalid/file")
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail when toml decode fails", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromFile(context.Background(), "config.go")
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("GetData", func() {
It("should succeed with default config", func() {
// Given
// When
config := sut.GetData()
// Then
Expect(config).NotTo(BeNil())
Expect(config).To(Equal(sut))
})
It("should succeed with empty config", func() {
// Given
sut := &config.Config{}
// When
config := sut.GetData()
// Then
Expect(config).NotTo(BeNil())
Expect(config).To(Equal(sut))
})
It("should succeed with nil config", func() {
// Given
var sut *config.Config
// When
config := sut.GetData()
// Then
Expect(config).To(BeNil())
})
})
t.Describe("ToBytes", func() {
It("should succeed", func() {
// Given
// When
res, err := sut.ToBytes()
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(res).NotTo(BeNil())
})
})
t.Describe("UpdateFromPath", func() {
It("should succeed with the correct priority", func() {
// Given
Expect(sut.LogLevel).To(Equal("info"))
configDir := t.MustTempDir("config-dir")
Expect(os.WriteFile(
filepath.Join(configDir, "00-default"),
[]byte("[crio.runtime]\nlog_level = \"debug\"\n"),
0o644,
)).To(Succeed())
Expect(os.WriteFile(
filepath.Join(configDir, "01-my-config"),
[]byte("[crio.runtime]\nlog_level = \"warning\"\n"),
0o644,
)).To(Succeed())
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromPath(context.Background(), configDir)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
Expect(sut.LogLevel).To(Equal("warning"))
})
It("should fail with invalid config", func() {
// Given
configDir := t.MustTempDir("config-dir")
Expect(os.WriteFile(
filepath.Join(configDir, "00-default"),
[]byte("[crio.runtime]\nlog_level = true\n"),
0o644,
)).To(Succeed())
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromPath(context.Background(), configDir)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with not existing path", func() {
// Given
// When
err := sut.UpdateFromPath(context.Background(), "not-existing")
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateRuntimeVMBinaryPattern", func() {
It("should succeed when using RuntimeTypeVM and runtime_path follows the containerd pattern", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["kata"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: "containerd-shim-kata-qemu-v2", RuntimeType: config.RuntimeTypeVM,
}
// When
ok := sut.Runtimes["kata"].ValidateRuntimeVMBinaryPattern()
// Then
Expect(ok).To(BeTrue())
})
It("should fail when using RuntimeTypeVM and runtime_path does not follow the containerd pattern", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["kata"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimePath: "kata-runtime", RuntimeType: config.RuntimeTypeVM,
}
// When
ok := sut.Runtimes["kata"].ValidateRuntimeVMBinaryPattern()
// Then
Expect(ok).To(BeFalse())
})
})
t.Describe("ValidateRuntimeConfigPath", func() {
It("should fail with OCI runtime type when runtime_config_path is used", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["runc"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimeConfigPath: validFilePath, RuntimeType: config.DefaultRuntimeType,
}
// When
err := sut.Runtimes["runc"].ValidateRuntimeConfigPath("runc")
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail with VM runtime type and runtime_config_path points to an invalid path", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["kata"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimeConfigPath: invalidPath, RuntimeType: config.RuntimeTypeVM,
}
// When
err := sut.Runtimes["kata"].ValidateRuntimeConfigPath("kata")
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed with VM runtime type and runtime_config_path points to a valid path", func() {
// Given
sut.Runtimes["kata"] = &config.RuntimeHandler{
RuntimeConfigPath: validFilePath, RuntimeType: config.RuntimeTypeVM,
}
// When
err := sut.Runtimes["kata"].ValidateRuntimeConfigPath("kata")
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
})
})
t.Describe("RuntimeHandlerFeatures", func() {
It("should fail to load runtime features with nothing to load", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures([]byte(``))
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail to load runtime features with an empty document", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures([]byte(`{}`))
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail to load OCI runtime features when required attributes are missing", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures(
[]byte(`
{
"ociVersionMin": "1.0.0",
"mountOptions": ["ro"]
}
`),
)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should fail to load OCI runtime features when malformed document is used", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures(
[]byte(`
{
"ociVersionMin": "1.0.0",
"ociVersionMax": "1.2.0",
"mountOptions": ["ro",]
}
`),
)
// Then
Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
})
It("should succeed to load OCI runtime features with support for RRO mounts", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures(
[]byte(`
{
"ociVersionMin": "1.0.0",
"ociVersionMax": "1.2.0",
"mountOptions": ["ro", "rro"]
}
`),
)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
// When
ok := handler.RuntimeSupportsMountFlag("rro")
// Then
Expect(ok).To(BeTrue())
})
It("should succeed to load OCI runtime features with support for ID-mapping", func() {
// Given
handler := &config.RuntimeHandler{}
err := handler.LoadRuntimeFeatures(
[]byte(`
{
"ociVersionMin": "1.0.0",
"ociVersionMax": "1.2.0",
"linux": {
"mountExtensions": {
"idmap": {
"enabled": true
}
}
}
}
`),
)
// Then
Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
// When
ok := handler.RuntimeSupportsIDMap()
// Then
Expect(ok).To(BeTrue())
})
})
})
```
|
```go
// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed
// This product includes software developed at Datadog (path_to_url
//go:build python && test && kubelet
package python
import (
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
"github.com/DataDog/datadog-agent/pkg/util/cache"
)
import "C"
var testConnections map[string]string
func testGetKubeletConnectionInfoCached(t *testing.T) {
cache.Cache.Set(kubeletCacheKey, string("CACHED DATA"), 1*time.Minute)
defer cache.Cache.Delete(kubeletCacheKey)
var payload *C.char
GetKubeletConnectionInfo(&payload)
assert.Equal(t, "CACHED DATA", C.GoString(payload))
}
func getConnectionsMock() map[string]string {
return testConnections
}
func testGetKubeletConnectionInfoNotCached(t *testing.T) {
getConnectionsFunc = getConnectionsMock
defer func() { getConnectionsFunc = getConnections }()
// making sure the cache is empty
cache.Cache.Delete(kubeletCacheKey)
testConnections = map[string]string{
"conn1": "a",
"conn2": "b",
}
var payload *C.char
GetKubeletConnectionInfo(&payload)
assert.Equal(t, "conn1: a\nconn2: b\n", C.GoString(payload))
testConnections = map[string]string{"conn3": "c"}
// testing caching
GetKubeletConnectionInfo(&payload)
assert.Equal(t, "conn1: a\nconn2: b\n", C.GoString(payload))
}
```
|
```javascript
import { subscribeToResult } from '../util/subscribeToResult';
import { OuterSubscriber } from '../OuterSubscriber';
import { InnerSubscriber } from '../InnerSubscriber';
import { map } from './map';
import { from } from '../observable/from';
export function mergeMap(project, resultSelector, concurrent = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
if (typeof resultSelector === 'function') {
return (source) => source.pipe(mergeMap((a, i) => from(project(a, i)).pipe(map((b, ii) => resultSelector(a, b, i, ii))), concurrent));
}
else if (typeof resultSelector === 'number') {
concurrent = resultSelector;
}
return (source) => source.lift(new MergeMapOperator(project, concurrent));
}
export class MergeMapOperator {
constructor(project, concurrent = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
this.project = project;
this.concurrent = concurrent;
}
call(observer, source) {
return source.subscribe(new MergeMapSubscriber(observer, this.project, this.concurrent));
}
}
export class MergeMapSubscriber extends OuterSubscriber {
constructor(destination, project, concurrent = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
super(destination);
this.project = project;
this.concurrent = concurrent;
this.hasCompleted = false;
this.buffer = [];
this.active = 0;
this.index = 0;
}
_next(value) {
if (this.active < this.concurrent) {
this._tryNext(value);
}
else {
this.buffer.push(value);
}
}
_tryNext(value) {
let result;
const index = this.index++;
try {
result = this.project(value, index);
}
catch (err) {
this.destination.error(err);
return;
}
this.active++;
this._innerSub(result, value, index);
}
_innerSub(ish, value, index) {
const innerSubscriber = new InnerSubscriber(this, undefined, undefined);
const destination = this.destination;
destination.add(innerSubscriber);
subscribeToResult(this, ish, value, index, innerSubscriber);
}
_complete() {
this.hasCompleted = true;
if (this.active === 0 && this.buffer.length === 0) {
this.destination.complete();
}
this.unsubscribe();
}
notifyNext(outerValue, innerValue, outerIndex, innerIndex, innerSub) {
this.destination.next(innerValue);
}
notifyComplete(innerSub) {
const buffer = this.buffer;
this.remove(innerSub);
this.active--;
if (buffer.length > 0) {
this._next(buffer.shift());
}
else if (this.active === 0 && this.hasCompleted) {
this.destination.complete();
}
}
}
//# sourceMappingURL=mergeMap.js.map
```
|
```java
package com.journaldev.androidgooglesmartlock;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
/**
* Instrumented test, which will execute on an Android device.
*
* @see <a href="path_to_url">Testing documentation</a>
*/
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
@Test
public void useAppContext() {
// Context of the app under test.
Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();
assertEquals("com.journaldev.androidgooglesmartlock", appContext.getPackageName());
}
}
```
|
```javascript
const expressJwt = require('express-jwt')
const config = require('../config.json')
module.exports = jwt
function jwt () {
const { secret } = config
return expressJwt({ secret }).unless({
path: [
// public routes that don't require authentication
'/users/authenticate',
],
})
}
```
|
Sulc or SULC may refer to:
Šulc, a Czech surname
Southern University Law Center, a campus of the Southern University System
Sydney University Liberal Club, an Australian students' political club
|
Chief Tom Ikimi (born 10 April 1944) in Kumba-Southern, British Cameroons (modern-day Cameroon) to John Onile Ikimi and Victoria Isiemoa Ikimi, both from Igueben (Igueben Local Government Area- Edo State). He is married, with three sons and a daughter. He is a Roman Catholic. He was appointed Nigerian Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1995. He has been chairman of ECOWAS council of ministers and ECOWAS committee of Nine on Liberia(C-9) from 26 July 1996.
Early life and education
Tom Ikimi attended St. Joseph's College, Sasse-Buea, Southern Cameroons 1957–1961. He was a pioneer student of the Midwestern Polytechnic, Auchi, Midwestern Nigeria, (now Auchi Polytechnic, Edo State) for his technical education from January 1966 - December 1967 (Building and Civil Engineering) where he obtained Ordinary National Diploma. He was a pioneer member of the Students Union, a keen sportsman and established the College Athletics Club.
His professional education in Architecture was at the Ahmadu Bello University, Architectural School, Zaria from 1968 - 1973, where he obtained the B. Arch (Hons)degree. Ikimi was a member of the student union and National Union of Nigerian Students (NUNS). He moved the motion in late 1970 at the NUNS convention in Zaria to readmit the Eastern Unions back into the NUNS at the end of the civil war.
He was a pioneer member of the National Youth Service Corps Program serving in Ibadan, western [Nigeria] in 1973 - 74.
Architect in the firm of planning partnership later IBRU Vaughan Richards & Partners, Lagos from 1974 - 1977 and was made Associate partner in 1975. Established his own firm, Tom Ikimi Design Company in May 1977 and executed a number of private and commercial projects within and outside Nigeria (1977 - 1993). He later won the international competition for the new OAU office and conference Centre project, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. He is a fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Architects (FNIA) and has business interests in construction, trade and farming.
Positions held
Member Constituent Assembly — 1988/89,
Member Chapter 2 Committee “Fundamental Objectives and Directives Principles of State Policy”.
National Chairman- National Republican Convention Party — 1990–1992.
He was the Special Adviser To the Head Of State, Commander-In-Chief, General Sani Abacha in February, 1994 where he prepared the memo for the establishment of the highly successful Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF)
He was appointed Foreign Affairs Minister March 1995
Functions at the United Nation
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Review/Extension Conference of the Parties to the treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in New York City and delivered Nigeria's national position address to the conference 18 April 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Ministerial meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) at Bandung, Indonesia, 25–27 April 1995.
Represented the Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the 40th Anniversary Meeting of the Movement of Non-Aligned countries, Bandung, Indonesia, 28 April 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Ministerial meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement at Cartagena, Colombia, 18–20 May 1998 and delivered Nigeria's statement on 19 May 1998.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Special UN Security Council Session for Foreign Ministers in New York City and delivered Nigeria’s statement at the session. - 26 September 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the 50th Commemorative Session of the United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) September - December 1995 and delivered Nigeria's statement to the Assembly on 3 October 1995.
Nigeria was President of the United Nations Security Council (where he served as the chairman) in the month of October 1995, when he received Pope John Paul II at the UN 50th Anniversary celebration, in the capacity as President of the Security Council.
Represented Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the summit meeting of the Non-Aligned member countries of the United Nations Security Council in New York City - 4 October 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the 51st Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) September - December 1996 and delivered Nigeria's statement to the Assembly on 3 October 1996.
Represented Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the 11th Summit of the Non-Aligned countries at Cartagena, Colombia, 18–20 October 1998 and delivered Nigeria's statement on 18 October 1998.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Special UN Security Council Session for Foreign Ministers in New York and delivered Nigeria's statement at the session. - 26 September 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the 50th Commemorative Session of the United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) September - December 1995 and delivered Nigeria's statement to the Assembly on 3 October 1995.
Nigeria was President of the United Nations Security Council (where he served as the chairman) in the month of October 1995, when he officially received Pope John Paul II at the UN 50th Anniversary celebration, in the capacity as President of the Security Council.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the 51st Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) September - December 1996 and delivered Nigeria's statement to the Assembly on 3 October 1996.
At Bandung, Indonesia, 25–27 April 1995. Represented the Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the 40th Anniversary Meeting
of the Movement of Non-Aligned countries, Bandung, Indonesia, 28 April 1995.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the Ministerial meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement at Cartagena, Colombia, 18–20 May 1998 and delivered Nigeria's statement on 19 May 1998.
Represented Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the summit meeting of the Non-Aligned member countries of the United Nations Security Council in [New York] 4 October 1995.
Represented Head of State, Commander-in-Chief at the 11th Summit of the Non-Aligned countries at Cartagena, Colombia, 18–20 October 1998 and delivered Nigeria's statement on 18 October 1998.
Led Nigeria's delegation to the 52nd Session of the United Nations General assembly (UNGA) September - December 1997 and delivered Nigeria's statement to the Assembly on 23 September 1997.
Functions at ECOWAS
Chairman of ECOWAS council of ministers and ECOWAS committee of Nine on LiberiaC-9) from 26 July 1996.
Chairman ECOWAS Ministerial Committee of Five on Sierra Leone.
Led Nigeria's delegation to and chaired the 4th meeting of the ECOWAS Ministerial Committee of four on Sierra Leone (C-4) in New York, 11 July 1997.
Led the delegation of the ECOWAS Ministerial Committee of Five (C-5) to New York and briefed both the Secretary-General and the Security Council under the Arria Formula, on the situation in Sierra Leone, 11 November 1997.
Led Nigeria's delegation to and chaired the 8th meeting of the ECOWAS Ministerial Committee of Five on Sierra Leone (C-5) in New York, 5–6 February 1998.
Led Nigeria's delegation to several ECOWAS ministerial meetings and Head of State summits around the sub-Region.
Led the ECOWAS ministerial committee of nine (C-9) to successfully resolve the Liberian crisis.
Supervised under the United Nations, the holding of the first postwar democratic election in Liberia in August 1997 and the establishment of a democratic government headed by Mr Charles G. Taylor.
Roles in Sierra Leone
The violent overthrow of the government of president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah on 25 May 1997 posed a threat not only to the peace and security of Sierra Leone but also the security and stability of the West African Sub-region. As chairman of the committee of four and five on Sierra Leone, he led negotiations and coordinated the delicate operations leading to the successful restoration of the government of President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah on 10 March 1998.
Led the ECOWAS Team and was the first to enter Sierra Leone to assess the situation on the ground after the liberation of Freetown from the rebels by ECOMOG Forces 18–19 February 1998 to permit the return of president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah from exile in Conakry.
Roles at Organization of African Unity
His tenure as Foreign Minister coincided with the period when the West African sub-region and indeed much of Africa was beset with conflicts, which including civil wars in Angola, Rwanda/Burundi, Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo), the Sudan, Liberia, Somalia and Sierra Leone. The central organ of the OAU was established in Cairo in 1994 as a mechanism for resolving these conflicts. In his tenure, Nigeria retained her membership of the central organ in the three
successive elections which were conducted annually. Aside from the several meetings of the OAU council of ministers, Ikimi represented Nigerian Head of State at the summit meeting of the Central Organ of the OAU Mechanism for the Prevention, Management and Resolution of Conflicts in Tunis, 20 April 1995. He also Led Nigeria’ delegation to the 31st OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - 26–28 June 1995, also in Cameroon, 9–10 July 1996 at the 32 OAU Assembly. Zimbabwe, 1–3 June 1997 and Burkina Faso, 8 June 1998.
Politics
Founding Member and Member of Board of Trustees of All Peoples Party (APP) in 1999-2001
Accepted the invitation to join the PDP on 22 September 2001. Became Chairman People's Democratic Party (PDP) National Convention Presidential Election Panel in January 2003. Was the PDP candidate at the primary election at Eagle Square that returned President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Founding Member and National Leader - Advanced Congress of Democrats (ACD) 2005–2006, Inaugurated the party in Edo State on February 21, 2006.
Founding Member and Member of National Caucus, Action Congress (AC) Party 2006–2010. He Led the Action Congress (AC) to win the Governorship elections in Edo State in 2007 and in 2012 Election.
Coordinating Chairman- Merger Talks of Major Opposition Parties [ACN], [ANPP], and [CPC]. Parties merged to form All Progressives Congress ([APC]) in July, 2013. Member of Interim Executive Committee (IEC) of All Progressives Congress (APC) Serving as National Vice Chairman South-South Geopolitical Zone July 2013
Withdrew membership from All Progressives Congress from 27 August 2014.
Honours
Honoured by Pope John Paul II 1993 Knight of St. Gregory The Great KSG.
Honoured by the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, March 2003 D.Sc. (Architecture)
Honoured by the Ooni of Ife- Akinrogun of Ife — 1991
Inherited family title in homeland- Igueben, Esanland- Edo State- Inneh of Igueben 1988 Title given by the community- Oduma of Igueben — 1993
References
External links
1944 births
Living people
Foreign ministers of Nigeria
Action Congress of Nigeria politicians
All Progressives Congress politicians
Nigerian Roman Catholics
People from Edo State
Ahmadu Bello University alumni
20th-century Nigerian architects
|
```css
Sass Mixins
Sass Supported Comments
Using SassScripts Interactive Shell
Strings in SassScript
SassScript Map and List Functions
```
|
```xml
export interface IGoogleFitActivityViewerState {
isGoogleAuthenticated: boolean;
accessToken: string;
stepCount: number;
calories: number;
distance: number;
activityTime: number;
}
```
|
Dingle Distillery is an Irish whiskey distillery established in 2012 and billing itself as an 'artisan' distillery. The distillery is located in a converted sawmill in Milltown on the outskirts of Dingle, in a Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking region) in the southwest of Ireland. The first whiskeys distilled and matured at the distillery were released in late 2016. In addition to whiskey, the distillery also produces and markets Dingle vodka and Dingle Gin.
In 2017, Dingle Distillery became the first independent Irish distillery to release a single pot still whiskey in several decades.
Background
The Irish whiskey industry suffered a period of severe decline in the 20th century, which saw most of Ireland's distilleries close, and those remaining in operation amalgamating under the ownership of a single company, Irish Distillers, in the 1970s. However, since then, Ireland's whiskey industry has undergone a resurgence, in particular since 2010, with a diversification of both output and ownership.
With the number of operating distilleries in the country having fallen to just two in the 1980s, Ireland now boasts sixteen operating distilleries, with many others planned. When it opened, the Dingle Distillery was Ireland's fifth, joining the New Midleton Distillery (where Jameson, Powers and Paddy are produced, among others), Bushmills, Cooley, and Kilbeggan.
History
The initiative to start a distillery in Dingle was that of the now deceased Oliver Hughes, who was also a founder of the Porterhouse brewing and restaurant group. The site, formerly the Fitzgerald sawmill, was converted for whiskey production in 2012, opening on 29 November. The distillery was reported to have created at least 25 jobs, with more anticipated with the launch of a visitors' centre. The new copper pot stills used at the distillery were designed by John McDougall.
As a promotion to attract investors, Dingle Distillery offered the first five hundred special casks to investors "Founding Fathers", to be ready for bottling from November 2017.
The distillery announced plans to double spirit production in 2018.
Products
Using pot stills the distillery produces two casks of whiskey per day in Dingle, where the mildly cool climate is reportedly favourable for whiskey production. Under Irish law, to be termed whiskey, a spirit is legally required to be matured for at least three years. Therefore, Dingle Distillery only brought whiskey to market in late 2016. The distillery also has a still for the production of gin and vodka. As of 2017, 100,000 bottles per year of Dingle gin are being sold.
The first batch of whiskey was released in late 2016, and consisted of two tripled distilled whiskeys, both of which were matured solely in bourbon casks:
Dingle Single Malt Whiskey, 46.5% (7,500 bottles)
Dingle Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 60.7% (500 bottles)
The second batch, released in 2017, consisted of four different bottlings, three single malts and a single pot still whiskey:
Dingle Pot Still Whiskey, 46.5% (800 bottles) - Matured exclusively in Pedro Ximenez casks.
Dingle Single Malt Whiskey, 46.5% (6,000 bottles) - Matured in Pedro Ximenez and Oloroso sherry casks, as well as bourbon casks.
Dingle Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 60.2% (500 bottles) - Matured in bourbon, Oloroso and Pedro Ximinez casks.
Dingle Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 46.5% (700 bottles) - Matured in a marriage of port and bourbon casks.
There is also a series of limited edition whiskies in homage to the Celtic cycle of the year. It is called "Wheel of the Year" and so far includes the following bottlings:
Dingle Samhain Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 50,5% (10000 bottles) - Matured in Bourbon and Muscatel
Dingle Lá le Bríde Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 50,5% - Matured in Bourbon and Rye
Dingle Bealtaine Single Malt Whiskey Cask Strength, 52,5% - Matured in Bourbon and Shiraz
References
Distilleries in the Republic of Ireland
Tourist attractions in County Kerry
Irish companies established in 2012
|
```yaml
tests:
drivers.clock.clock_control_fixed_clock:
tags:
- drivers
- clock
platform_allow:
- native_sim/native/64
```
|
```c
/*****************************************************************************
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*****************************************************************************
* Contents: Native high-level C interface to LAPACK function dgbcon
* Author: Intel Corporation
*****************************************************************************/
#include "lapacke_utils.h"
lapack_int API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_dgbcon)( int matrix_layout, char norm, lapack_int n,
lapack_int kl, lapack_int ku, const double* ab,
lapack_int ldab, const lapack_int* ipiv,
double anorm, double* rcond )
{
lapack_int info = 0;
lapack_int* iwork = NULL;
double* work = NULL;
if( matrix_layout != LAPACK_COL_MAJOR && matrix_layout != LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR ) {
API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_xerbla)( "LAPACKE_dgbcon", -1 );
return -1;
}
#ifndef LAPACK_DISABLE_NAN_CHECK
if( LAPACKE_get_nancheck() ) {
/* Optionally check input matrices for NaNs */
if( API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_dgb_nancheck)( matrix_layout, n, n, kl, kl+ku, ab, ldab ) ) {
return -6;
}
if( API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_d_nancheck)( 1, &anorm, 1 ) ) {
return -9;
}
}
#endif
/* Allocate memory for working array(s) */
iwork = (lapack_int*)LAPACKE_malloc( sizeof(lapack_int) * MAX(1,n) );
if( iwork == NULL ) {
info = LAPACK_WORK_MEMORY_ERROR;
goto exit_level_0;
}
work = (double*)LAPACKE_malloc( sizeof(double) * MAX(1,3*n) );
if( work == NULL ) {
info = LAPACK_WORK_MEMORY_ERROR;
goto exit_level_1;
}
/* Call middle-level interface */
info = API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_dgbcon_work)( matrix_layout, norm, n, kl, ku, ab, ldab, ipiv,
anorm, rcond, work, iwork );
/* Release memory and exit */
LAPACKE_free( work );
exit_level_1:
LAPACKE_free( iwork );
exit_level_0:
if( info == LAPACK_WORK_MEMORY_ERROR ) {
API_SUFFIX(LAPACKE_xerbla)( "LAPACKE_dgbcon", info );
}
return info;
}
```
|
Ramah is a Statutory Town in El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The population was 111 as of the 2020 census. According to tradition, the name is derived from India.
History
The area was first settled in a place called Old Zounds, which was 27 miles southeast of Kiowa. The post office, called O.Z. because the applicant just used the initials, existed until at least 1881. The post office was moved from Old Zounds to nearby Ramah in 1889.
Ramah began as a small railroading town along the Rock Island Railroad in the late 1800s. It was incorporated on July 18, 1927. During its peak, it was home to several hundred residents. Eventually, by the mid-1900s, the railroad was shut down, and Ramah suffered, since the railroad connected it to Colorado Springs, forty miles to the southwest. Despite its decline, Ramah continues to exist, with ranching as the mainstay of its economy.
Geography
Ramah is located at (39.121838, -104.165824).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
Demographics
See also
Outline of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
State of Colorado
Colorado cities and towns
Colorado municipalities
Colorado counties
El Paso County, Colorado
List of statistical areas in Colorado
Front Range Urban Corridor
South Central Colorado Urban Area
Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area
References
External links
Town of Ramah contacts
CDOT map of the Town of Ramah
Towns in El Paso County, Colorado
Towns in Colorado
|
```javascript
'use strict';
require('./bson@0.2.22.js');
```
|
```go
/*
*/
package grpclogging
import (
"github.com/golang/protobuf/jsonpb"
"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
"go.uber.org/zap"
"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
)
type protoMarshaler struct {
jsonpb.Marshaler
message proto.Message
}
func (m *protoMarshaler) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
out, err := m.Marshaler.MarshalToString(m.message)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return []byte(out), nil
}
func ProtoMessage(key string, val interface{}) zapcore.Field {
if pm, ok := val.(proto.Message); ok {
return zap.Reflect(key, &protoMarshaler{message: pm})
}
return zap.Any(key, val)
}
func Error(err error) zapcore.Field {
if err == nil {
return zap.Skip()
}
// Wrap the error so it no longer implements fmt.Formatter. This will prevent
// zap from adding the "verboseError" field to the log record that includes a
// full stack trace.
return zap.Error(struct{ error }{err})
}
```
|
```sqlpl
update ACT_GE_PROPERTY set VALUE_ = '6.5.0.3' where NAME_ = 'common.schema.version';
alter table ACT_RU_IDENTITYLINK add column SUB_SCOPE_ID_ varchar(255);
create index ACT_IDX_IDENT_LNK_SUB_SCOPE on ACT_RU_IDENTITYLINK(SUB_SCOPE_ID_, SCOPE_TYPE_);
alter table ACT_HI_IDENTITYLINK add column SUB_SCOPE_ID_ varchar(255);
create index ACT_IDX_HI_IDENT_LNK_SUB_SCOPE on ACT_HI_IDENTITYLINK(SUB_SCOPE_ID_, SCOPE_TYPE_);
```
|
```shell
Workflow: topic branches
Upstream shorthand
Tracking shorthands
Move the last commit to a new branch
View your commit history in a graph
```
|
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
var writeFileSync = require( '@stdlib/fs/write-file' ).sync;
var readFileSync = require( '@stdlib/fs/read-file' ).sync;
var RE_EOL = require( '@stdlib/regexp/eol' ).REGEXP;
// MAIN //
/**
* Reads a CSV file and converts to JSON.
*
* @private
* @throws {Error} invalid file
*/
function main() {
var headers;
var fpath;
var opts;
var file;
var tmp;
var row;
var i;
var j;
fpath = resolve( __dirname, '..', 'data', 'data.csv' );
opts = {
'encoding': 'utf8'
};
file = readFileSync( fpath, opts );
if ( file instanceof Error ) {
throw file;
}
file = file.split( RE_EOL );
// Assume that the file ends with an empty last line:
if ( file[ file.length-1 ] === '' ) {
file.pop();
}
for ( i = 0; i < file.length; i++ ) {
// Assume headers are the first line:
if ( i === 0 ) {
headers = file[ i ].split( ',' );
} else {
tmp = file[ i ].split( ',' );
if ( tmp.length !== headers.length ) {
throw new Error( 'number of columns does not match number of columns for row '+i+'.' );
}
row = {};
for ( j = 0; j < headers.length; j++ ) {
if ( tmp[ j ] === '' ) {
row[ headers[j] ] = null;
} else if (
headers[j] === 'gender' ||
headers[j] === 'race' ||
headers[j] === 'occupation' ||
headers[j] === 'sector'
) {
row[ headers[j] ] = tmp[ j ];
} else {
row[ headers[j] ] = parseFloat( tmp[j] );
}
}
file[ i ] = row;
}
}
// Remove the headers element:
file.shift();
// Write the JSON file:
fpath = resolve( __dirname, '..', 'data', 'data.json' );
writeFileSync( fpath, JSON.stringify( file )+'\n', opts );
}
main();
```
|
Tangaturi Manemma (1942–2018) was an Indian National Congress politician from Andhra Pradesh. She was a member of the 8th and 9th Lok Sabha.
Early life
Manemma was born on 29 April 1942 in Hyderabad to K. Shankar Reddy and completed her matriculation from Marwadi Hindi Vidyalaya, Chadar Ghat.
Career
As the official candidate of the Indian National Congress (INC), Manemma received 1,82,861 votes and won the by-election conducted after the death of her husband in 1986. She represented Secunderabad in the 8th Lok Sabha and served on the Consultative Committee for Health and Family Welfare beside being a member of the House Committee.
During the 1989 Indian general election, Manemma retained her seat defeating Janata Dal's candidate by a margin of 1,47,601 votes. During her second term in the parliament she served on the Committee on Absence of Members from the Sittings of the House alongside the Consultative Committee for Health and Family Welfare. In 2008, she won the by-poll for the Musheerabad assembly seat.
Personal life
In May 1960, Manemma married INC politician Tanguturi Anjaiah who later on went to become the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. She had one son and four daughters from him.
Mrs. Manemma died on 9 September at 11:30 am due to illness at Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills.
References
1942 births
2018 deaths
India MPs 1984–1989
India MPs 1989–1991
Women members of the Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh
Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009
Politicians from Secunderabad
Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
20th-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian women politicians
|
```xml
/*
* Wire
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see path_to_url
*
*/
import {render} from '@testing-library/react';
import {withTheme} from 'src/script/auth/util/test/TestUtil';
import {MLSStatuses} from 'src/script/E2EIdentity';
import {VerificationBadges} from './VerificationBadges';
describe('VerificationBadges', () => {
it('is mls verified', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(
withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" MLSStatus={MLSStatuses.VALID} />),
);
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('mls-conversation-status');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus.getAttribute('data-uie-value')).toEqual(MLSStatuses.VALID);
});
it('is proteus verified', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" isProteusVerified />));
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('proteus-verified');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus).not.toBeNull();
});
it('is not downloaded', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(
withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" MLSStatus={MLSStatuses.NOT_ACTIVATED} />),
);
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('mls-conversation-status');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus.getAttribute('data-uie-value')).toEqual(MLSStatuses.NOT_ACTIVATED);
});
it('is expired', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(
withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" MLSStatus={MLSStatuses.EXPIRED} />),
);
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('mls-conversation-status');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus.getAttribute('data-uie-value')).toEqual(MLSStatuses.EXPIRED);
});
it('is revoked', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(
withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" MLSStatus={MLSStatuses.REVOKED} />),
);
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('mls-conversation-status');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus.getAttribute('data-uie-value')).toEqual(MLSStatuses.REVOKED);
});
it('is expiring soon', async () => {
const {getByTestId} = render(
withTheme(<VerificationBadges context="conversation" MLSStatus={MLSStatuses.EXPIRES_SOON} />),
);
const E2EIdentityStatus = getByTestId('mls-conversation-status');
expect(E2EIdentityStatus.getAttribute('data-uie-value')).toEqual(MLSStatuses.EXPIRES_SOON);
});
});
```
|
John Watson (1685 – August 22, 1768) was an early American painter, born in Scotland.
Early life
Watson was born in Scotland in 1685, probably near Dumfries. He worked initially painting house interiors, before turning to portraiture.
Work in America
In 1715 he emigrated to Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Watson bought property in the city east of Rector Street and south of St. Peter's Episcopal Church on the Perth Amboy bluffs and built himself a house in which to reside and one to keep his paintings. Early historian William Dunlap believed this to be the first collection of art in America. In 1776, his nephew, Alexander Watson, who was heir to his estate, withdrew from Perth Amboy, which was under pressure from colonial forces under General Hugh Mercer. Soldiers raided Watson's collection and, according to Dunlap, probably distributed and destroyed many of the portraits of English heroes and kings. Contrary to Dunlap's knowledge, however, numerous portraits by Watson still exist today. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has a portrait of Governor William Keith (shown on the left) and his wife, Lady Ann Keith née Newberry or Newbury, and the Brooklyn Museum has his portrait of Governor Lewis Morris. The New Jersey Historical Society has two portraits: one of William Eier, the first mayor of Perth Amboy, and one of Governor William Burnet. Watson died in 1768 and is buried in St. Peter's Episcopal Cemetery in Perth Amboy.
Gallery
Artworks
Attributed artworks
References
Sources
Inventories of American Painting (IAP), Smithsonian Institution Research Information System(SIRIS): http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/aboutari.htm
1685 births
1768 deaths
18th-century American painters
18th-century American male artists
American male painters
Scottish emigrants to the United States
18th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
People from Dumfries and Galloway
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Painters from New Jersey
Scottish portrait painters
American portrait painters
|
The National Association for Music Education (NAfME) is an organization of American music educators dedicated to advancing and preserving music education as part of the core curriculum of schools in the United States. Founded in 1907 as the Music Supervisors National Conference (MSNC), the organization was known from 1934 to 1998 as the Music Educators National Conference (origin of the MENC acronym). From 1998 to 2011 it was known as "MENC: The National Association for Music Education." On September 1, 2011, the organization changed its acronym from MENC to NAfME. On March 8, 2012, the organization's name legally became National Association for Music Education, using the acronym "NAfME". It has approximately 45,000 members, and NAfME's headquarters are located in Reston, Virginia.
As of June 2020, Dr. Mackie V. Spradley is the current president of NAfME, and the executive director is Christopher B.L. Woodside.
State affiliates
NAfME functions regionally through more than fifty state (or state-level) affiliates. These federated state associations include organizations representing each of the fifty U.S. states; the District of Columbia; and a single affiliate for Europe.
Alabama Music Educators Association (AMEA)
Alaska Music Educators Association (AMEA)
Arizona Music Educators Association (AMEA)
Arkansas Music Educators Association (ArkMEA)
California Music Educators Association (CMEA)
Colorado Music Educators Association (CMEA)
Connecticut Music Educators Association (CMEA)
Delaware Music Educators Association (DMEA)
District of Columbia Music Educators Association (DCMEA)
European Music Educators Association (EMEA)
Florida Music Education Association (FMEA)
Georgia Music Educators Association (GMEA)
Hawaii Music Educators Association (HMEA)
Idaho Music Educators Association (IMEA)
Illinois Music Educators Association (ILMEA)
Indiana Music Education Association (IMEA)
Iowa Music Educators Association (IMEA)
Kansas Music Educators Association (KMEA)
Kentucky Music Educators Association (KMEA)
Louisiana Music Educators Association (LMEA)
Maine Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Maryland Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Massachusetts Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Michigan Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Minnesota Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Mississippi Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Missouri Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Montana Music Educators Association (MMEA)
Nebraska Music Educators Association (NMEA)
Nevada Music Educators Association (NMEA)
New Hampshire Music Educators Association (NHMEA)
New Jersey Music Educators Association (NJMEA)
New Mexico Music Educators Association (NMMEA)
New York State School Music Association (NYSSMA)
North Carolina Music Educators Association (NCMEA)
North Dakota Music Educators Association (NDMEA)
Ohio Music Education Association (OMEA)
Oklahoma Music Educators Association (OkMEA)
Oregon Music Education Association (OMEA)
Pennsylvania Music Educators Association (PMEA)
Rhode Island Music Educators Association (RIMEA)
South Carolina Music Educators Association (SCMEA)
South Dakota Music Educators Association (SDMEA)
Tennessee Music Education Association (TMEA)
Texas Music Educators Conference (TMEC)
Utah Music Educators Association (UMEA)
Vermont Music Educators Association (VMEA)
Virginia Music Educators Association (VMEA)
Washington Music Educators Association (WMEA)
West Virginia Music Educators Association (WVMEA)
Wisconsin Music Educators Association (WMEA)
Wyoming Music Educators Association (WMEA)
Women leadership
Hamlin Cogswell (1852–1922) founded the Music Supervisors National Conference in 1907. While a small number of women served as president of the Music Supervisors National Conference (and the following renamed versions of the organization over the next century) in the early 20th century, there were only two female presidents between 1952 and 1992, which "[p]ossibly reflects discrimination." After 1990, however, leadership roles for women in the organization opened up. From 1990 to 2010, there were five female presidents of this organization. Women music educators "outnumber men two-to-one" in teaching general music, choir, private lessons, and keyboard instruction. More men tend to be hired for band education, administration and jazz jobs, and more men work in colleges and universities. According to Dr. Sandra Wieland Howe, there is still a "glass ceiling" for women in music education careers, as there is "stigma" associated with women in leadership positions and "men outnumber women as administrators."
Notable women presidents
Frances Clarke (1860–1958) was a music supervisor in the Milwaukee Public School system. She founded the Music Supervisors National Conference in 1907. It was an organization of American music educators dedicated to advancing and preserving music education as part of the core curriculum of schools in the United States. In 2011, it was renamed the National Association for Music Education and it had more than 130,000 members.
Mabelle Glenn (1881–1969) was a music supervisor in Bloomington, Indiana and a director of music in Kansas City, Missouri. She wrote music appreciation books and music textbooks. She was president of the Music Supervisors National Conference from 1928 to 1930.
Lilla Pitts (1884–1970) graduated from Northwestern University. She was a faculty member of the teacher's college at Florida State University. She served as president of the Music Educators National Conference (the new name for the Music Supervisors National Conference) from 1942 to 1944.
Marguerite Hood (1903–1992) graduated from the University of Southern California. She was a supervisor of music for Montana, a faculty member at the University of Montana, the University of Southern California and the University of Michigan. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1950 to 1952. She was the first woman to be appointed as chair of the Music Educators Journal.
Frances Andrews (1908–1976) received her master's and doctorate from Pennsylvania State University, where she was a faculty member from 1943 to 1973. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1970 to 1972.
Mary Hoffman (1926–1997) graduated with a bachelor's degree in science from Lebanon Valley College and a master's from Columbia Teachers College. She was a music supervisor in Milwaukee and Philadelphia. She gave graduate courses at Columbia Teachers College, Temple University and the University of Illinois. She wrote and contributed to textbooks. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1980 to 1982.
Dorothy Straub (born 1941) graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees in music education from Indiana University. She was the music coordinator for Fairfield Public Schools in Connecticut. She was a violinist in two orchestras. She was given awards from the American String Teachers Association and the National School Orchestra Association. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1992 to 1994.
Carolynn Lindeman (born 1940) graduated from Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, the Mozarteum Academy, San Francisco State University and Stanford University, where she received her Doctor of Musical Arts. She was a professor at San Francisco State University from 1973 to 2005. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1996 to 1998. She edited the "Strategies for Teaching" series. She "[a]cknoledge[d] discrimination in academia."
June Hinckley (1943–2007) graduated with a PhD from Florida State University. She was a music and fine arts supervisor in Brevard County in Florida. She wrote articles on music education. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 1998 to 2000.
Lynn Brinckmeyer received her PhD from the University of Kansas. She was an associate professor and director of choral music education at Texas State University. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 2006 to 2008.
Barbara Geer graduated from the University of North Carolina. She was a music consultant for a school system in North Carolina. She was president of the Music Educators National Conference from 2008 to 2010.
Lowell Mason Fellowship
Lowell Mason Fellows are individuals who have furthered NAfME’s mission of ensuring accessibility to music education for all. Music educators, music education advocates, political leaders, and key decision makers are eligible for designation. The names of the Fellows are permanently displayed at NAfME’s headquarters in Reston, VA. The Fellowship is named after Lowell Mason.
See also
American Choral Directors Association
Music Teachers National Association
Tanglewood Symposium, a conference in 1967 sponsored by the Music Educators National Conference whose Declaration called for music to be placed in the core of the school curriculum
References
External links
NAfME: The National Association for Music Education
Affiliated organizations
American Composers Forum
American String Teachers Association (ASTA)
Conductors Guild
Percussive Arts Society (PAS)
Sigma Alpha Iota
MENC Historical Center – archives at the Special Collections in Performing Arts at the University of Maryland
John Mahlmann Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (January 15, 2010)
Music education organizations
Teacher associations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1907
Reston, Virginia
Educational organizations based in Virginia
1907 establishments in the United States
|
The Society for Savings Building, also known as the Society Corp. Building, is a high-rise building on Public Square in Downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The building was constructed in 1889, and stood as the tallest building in Cleveland until 1896, when it was surpassed by the 221-foot (67 m) Guardian Bank Building. The building stands 152 feet (46 m) tall, with 10 floors. The Society for Savings Building is often considered to be the first modern skyscraper in Cleveland and the state of Ohio. It was designed by John Wellborn Root of the Chicago-based architectural firm Burnham & Root.
Design
The Society for Savings Building was designed with a combination of Gothic, Romanesque, and Renaissance architectural styles. It contains elements of each in its granite pillars, arched window frames and red sandstone facade.
History
The Society for Savings Building was constructed to serve as office space for Cleveland's Society for Savings. Though structurally complete in late 1889, the building did not officially open until June 23, 1890. The building was at the time dubbed "Ohio's skyscraper" by locals, as it was the first modern high-rise building to be constructed in the city and the state. It went on to serve as the headquarters of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, or BLE, from 1896 until 1910. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976.
In modern times, the building is one of several structures located at Key Center. Key Tower (formerly known as the Society Center), the tallest building in Cleveland and in the state of Ohio, was built adjacent to the Society for Savings Building by Society Bank 100 years after it; the lobbies of the two buildings were integrated, and in the process the Society for Savings Building underwent an extensive restoration and renovation project headed by the architectural firm of van Dijk, Pace, Westlake & Partners. The building contains 147,089 square feet (13,665 m2) of office space.
See also
Marriott at Key Center
List of tallest buildings in Cleveland
References
1890s architecture in the United States
Skyscraper office buildings in Cleveland
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Burnham and Root buildings
Commercial buildings completed in 1890
National Register of Historic Places in Cleveland, Ohio
Office buildings completed in 1890
|
Collaria oculata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
References
Further reading
External links
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1876
Stenodemini
Hemiptera of North America
Hemiptera of Central America
|
```javascript
/**
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/
import React from 'react';
import './assets/style.css';
const CssInclusion = () => (
<p id="feature-css-inclusion">We love useless text.</p>
);
export default CssInclusion;
```
|
```go
package app
import (
"testing"
"github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/pkg/testutils"
)
func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
testutils.VerifyGoLeaks(m)
}
```
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.