title stringlengths 3 689 | abstract stringlengths 1 512 | pmid stringlengths 5 8 | abstract embedding list | title embedding list |
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Cerebral venous thrombosis in young adults. Experience in a stroke unit, 1988-1994. | others recovered self-sufficiency within two months. The use of oral contraceptives was closely associated with the occurrence of venous thrombosis in the women. Cerebral venous thrombosis is to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of stroke in the young. | 8978448 | [
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Changes in sleep spindle activity of subject with chronic somatosensitive and sensorial deficits. Preliminary results. | We investigated the effects of the somatosensitive and sensory afferent inputs on the thalamic generators of sleep spindles (SS) in adult subjects affected by posterior funiculi lesions (five subjects); deafness (four subjects) or blindness (four subjects). The density; duration and frequency of SS; as well as the inde... | 8978449 | [
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Changes in sleep spindle activity of subject with chronic somatosensitive and sensorial deficits. Preliminary results. | ht subjects); and had a significantly increased density (< .0001); duration (< .0005) and index of spindling (< .0001). On the other hand; the frequency of spindling was little modified (< .05). Moreover; among the three groups of patients; those with somatosensitive deficits showed the greatest SS activity. In conclus... | 8978449 | [
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Tardive dystonia. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical features. | In order to replicate the results of our previous study of tardive dystonia (TDt) and to enlarge the studied sample; we examined 154 consecutive psychiatric in-patients who had been exposed to neuroleptic drugs for a cumulative period of at least three months. The present study provides further data supporting a distin... | 8978447 | [
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Tardive dystonia. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical features. | e the most frequent form of secondary dystonia; and there is evidence that its prevalence has so far been underestimated. | 8978447 | [
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Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a long-term prospective trial. | The effects of topiramate in 15 patients with drug refractory epilepsy or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were assessed in an open; add-on prospective study. After a follow-up of 14-21 months; six patients are still on topiramate (mean dosage 583 mg/day; range 400-800 mg/day); and nine have discontinued treatment because of ad... | 8978450 | [
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Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a long-term prospective trial. | d one has been seizure-free for the last 19 months. The most common adverse events were somnolence; weight loss; mental slowing; fatigue; ataxia and irritability. Most of these events were reversible; but withdrawal of treatment was required in six cases as a result of ataxia (two patients); somnolence; metabolic acido... | 8978450 | [
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Bilateral simultaneous cerebellar infarction in the medial branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territories. | We present an unusual case of simultaneous bilateral cerebellar infarction in the territory of the medial and intermediate branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (mPICA). The patient; a 57-yr-old woman; had no risk factors for cerebrovascular disease but a long-standing hypertension. Pathogenetic hypoth... | 8978451 | [
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Bilateral simultaneous cerebellar infarction in the medial branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territories. | odynamic mechanism with hypoperfusion in the most peripheral branches of the arteries; D) a double; simultaneous embolic stroke in mPICAs territory. Based on clinical course; supraortic duplex-scan; echocardiography; MRI; angioMRI and CT scans; and digital subtraction angiography; none of these hypotheses could be clea... | 8978451 | [
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Bilateral simultaneous cerebellar infarction in the medial branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territories. | hemic insult and; simultaneously; other factors should intervene as possible determining events. | 8978451 | [
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Human heart rate variability and sleep stages. | With the aim of better understanding the dynamic changes in sympatho-vagal tone occurring during the night; human heart rate variability (HRV) during the various sleep stages was evaluated by means of autoregressive spectral analysis. Each recording consisted of an electroencephalogram; an electrooculogram; and electro... | 8978452 | [
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Human heart rate variability and sleep stages. | software using Burg's algorithm to calculate the LF/HF ratio (LF: 0.04-0.12 Hz; HF: 0.15-0.35 Hz) for each sleep stage. Seven healthy subjects (four males; mean age 35 years) were enrolled in the study. Our findings show a progressive and significant reduction in the LF/HF ratio through sleep stages S1-S4; as a result... | 8978452 | [
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Human heart rate variability and sleep stages. | o 1. | 8978452 | [
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Lamotrigine and pregnancy. | nan | 8978453 | [
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Increased expression of V beta 1.2 T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. | nan | 8978454 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | To determine the changes in chromatin organization during male pronucleus remodeling; we have compared the composition of nucleoprotein particles (NP-ps) resulting from digestion with endogenous nuclease (ENase) and with micrococcal nuclease (MNase). Whole nuclei were isolated from sea urchin gametes and zygotes contai... | 8978455 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | and their histone composition was determined. Sperm core histones (SpH) and cleavage stage (CS) variants were identified by Western immunoblots revealed with specific antibodies. A single NP-ps was generated after digestion of sperm nucleus with MNase; which migrated in agarose gels between DNA fragments of 1.78-1.26 K... | 8978455 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | ized egg nuclei; either with ENase or MNase; the NP-ps was located in the region of the agarose gel corresponding to DNA fragments of 3.4-1.95 Kb [Imschenetzky et al. (1989): Exp Cell Res 182:436-444]. When whole nuclei from zygotes containing the female pronucleus and a partially remodeled male pronucleus were digeste... | 8978455 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | with MNase; two NP-ps were generated; the slower migrating NP-ps (s) was located in the same position of the agarose gel as those resulting from ENase digestion and the faster migrating NP-ps (f) migrated between DNA fragments of 1.95-1.26 Kb. It was found that NP-ps (s) contained only CS histone variants; whereas NP-... | 8978455 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | e of NP-ps was observed; which migrated in the same position as NP-ps (s) in agarose gels. This particle contained only CS histone variants. On the basis of the histone compositions and on electrophoretic similarities; it was concluded that NP-ps (s) originated from the female pronucleus and that NP-ps (f) were generat... | 8978455 | [
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Hybrid nucleoprotein particles containing a subset of male and female histone variants form during male pronucleus formation in sea urchins. | bset of both SpH and of CS histone variants; whereas at final stages of male pronucleus decondensation chromatin organization is similar to that of the female pronucleus. | 8978455 | [
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Regulation of rat interstitial collagenase gene expression in growth cartilage and chondrocytes by vitamin D3, interleukin-1 beta, and okadaic acid. | The interstitial collagenase produced by the rat growth plate chondrocytes is the homologue of the human collagenase-3; or matrix metalloproteinase-13. This enzyme is responsible for the loss of collagen during hypertrophy of chondrocytes and for the degradation of transverse septa in long bone growth. Rachitic rats (4... | 8978456 | [
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Regulation of rat interstitial collagenase gene expression in growth cartilage and chondrocytes by vitamin D3, interleukin-1 beta, and okadaic acid. | tamin D3 (1;25-(OH)2D3; 1.0 micrograms/kg body weight) in rachitic rats increased collagenase mRNA another 1.5-fold in the hypertrophic zone. The regulation of collagenase gene by 1;25-(OH)2D3 and interleukin (IL)-1 beta in cultured proliferative chondrocytes was studied by means of steady-state mRNA and half-life dete... | 8978456 | [
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Regulation of rat interstitial collagenase gene expression in growth cartilage and chondrocytes by vitamin D3, interleukin-1 beta, and okadaic acid. | d collagenase mRNA 8- and 13-fold; respectively. Additionally; the collagenase mRNA half-life was increased by 1;25-(OH)2D3 and IL-1 beta. In the presence of a protein kinase C inhibitor; staurosporine; 1;25-(OH)2 D3 induction of collagenase mRNA was blocked. Here the addition of phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate (PMA) to... | 8978456 | [
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Regulation of rat interstitial collagenase gene expression in growth cartilage and chondrocytes by vitamin D3, interleukin-1 beta, and okadaic acid. | tivate several phosphorylation pathways. Okadaic acid (500 nM); a protein phosphatase inhibitor; increased the relative collagenase mRNA abundance 10-fold. The rate of the rat collagenase gene transcription in nuclei was increased with 1;25-(OH)2D3; IL-1 beta and okadaic acid. In separate experiments; the collagenase p... | 8978456 | [
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Regulation of rat interstitial collagenase gene expression in growth cartilage and chondrocytes by vitamin D3, interleukin-1 beta, and okadaic acid. | d 3.27-fold; respectively. Thus; there are multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms by which cartilage modulators regulate rat interstitial collagenase gene expression. | 8978456 | [
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Identification and characterization of opioid and somatostatin binding sites in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line and their effect on growth. | Opioids and somatostatin analogs have been implicated in the modulation of renal water handling; but whether their action is accomplished through central and/or peripheral mechanisms remains controversial. In different cell systems; on the other hand; opioids and somatostatin inhibit cell proliferation. In the present ... | 8978457 | [
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Identification and characterization of opioid and somatostatin binding sites in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line and their effect on growth. | oids and somatostatin on tubular epithelial tissue. Our results show the presence of one class of opioid binding sites with kappa; selectivity (KD 4.6 +/- 0.9 nM; 57;250 sites/cell); whereas delta; mu; or other subtypes of the kappa site were absent. Somatostatin presents also a high affinity site on these cells (KD 24... | 8978457 | [
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Identification and characterization of opioid and somatostatin binding sites in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line and their effect on growth. | nisms. However; opioid agonists and somatostatin analogs decrease OK cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; in the same nanomolar concentration range; they displayed reversible specific binding for these agents. The addition of diprenorphine; a general opioid antagonist; reversed the effects of opioids; with th... | 8978457 | [
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Identification and characterization of opioid and somatostatin binding sites in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line and their effect on growth. | the proximal tubule opioids and somatostatin do not affect transport; but they might have a role in the modulation of renal cell proliferation either during ontogenesis or in kidney repair. | 8978457 | [
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Final checkpoint in the drug-promoted and poliovirus-promoted apoptosis is under post-translational control by growth factors. | The treatment of HeLa subline (HeLa-B) cells with cycloheximide or Actinomycin D resulted in a rapid (approximately 1.5 h and approximately 2.5 h; respectively) development of morphological and biochemical signs of apoptosis. The addition of fetal bovine serum to the cycloheximide-treated or Actinomycin D-treated cells... | 8978458 | [
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Final checkpoint in the drug-promoted and poliovirus-promoted apoptosis is under post-translational control by growth factors. | ition to cells undergoing abortive infection with poliovirus; which died of apoptosis in the absence of the serum. The serum appeared to exert its anti-apoptotic effect without any appreciable lag and even immediately blocked further progress of ongoing DNA fragmentation. The epidermal growth factor also suppressed; al... | 8978458 | [
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Final checkpoint in the drug-promoted and poliovirus-promoted apoptosis is under post-translational control by growth factors. | on or translation; the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities at a final checkpoint; just preceding the irreversible effector step of apoptosis. | 8978458 | [
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Fluid shear stress induces actin polymerization in human neutrophils. | We have previously reported that a physiological range of shear stress induces neutrophil homotypic aggregation mediated by lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) interactions. To further characterized the homotypic aggregation; actin polymerization was investiga... | 8978459 | [
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Fluid shear stress induces actin polymerization in human neutrophils. | ods; and this reaction was not mediated by a cytosolic level of Ca2+. In contrast to fMLP stimulation; the actin polymerization induced by shear stress in a cone-plate viscometer was localized in cell-cell contact regions; and this polymerization required the increase of intracellular Ca2+. This shear stress-induced ac... | 8978459 | [
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Fluid shear stress induces actin polymerization in human neutrophils. | nerated the intercellular signal in order to accumulate F-actin in the cell-cell contact regions. | 8978459 | [
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Nuclear membrane cholesterol can modulate nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase activity. | Previous work has suggested that changes in nuclear membrane cholesterol may induce a stimulation in nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity. The purpose of the present study was to directly investigate if nuclear membrane cholesterol can stimulate nuclear NTPase activity. The cholesterol content of nuclei ... | 8978460 | [
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Nuclear membrane cholesterol can modulate nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase activity. | s. Because of this; it was difficult to further deplete the nuclear membrane of cholesterol; but we could successfully increase the cholesterol content after exposure to cholesterol-enriched liposomes. Nuclear NTPase activity was potently stimulated (approximately 150-200% of control) by an increase in the nuclear memb... | 8978460 | [
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Nuclear membrane cholesterol can modulate nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase activity. | these moieties. Mg2+ dependency of NTPase activity was also altered by cholesterol incorporation into the nuclear membrane. Cholesterol enrichment of the nuclear membrane also left the nuclei more susceptible to damage by salt-induced lysis than control nuclei. Our results clearly demonstrate that the cholesterol cont... | 8978460 | [
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Localization of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase at the nuclear periphery. | The localization of fructose 1;6-bisphosphatase (D-Fru-1;6-)2-1-phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.11) in rat kidney and liver was determined immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody raised against the enzyme purified from pig kidney. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the bisphosphatase was preferentially... | 8978461 | [
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Localization of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase at the nuclear periphery. | dney proximal tubules and was absent in the glomeruli; loops of Henle; collecting and distal tubules; and in the renal medulla. As indicated by immunocytochemistry using light microscopy and confirmed with the use of reflection confocal microscopy; the enzyme was preferentially localized in a perinuclear position in th... | 8978461 | [
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Localization of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase at the nuclear periphery. | o subcellular particulate structures. Overall; the data support the concept of metabolic zonation in liver as well as in kidney; and establish the concept that the Fructose-1;6-bisphosphatase is a particulate enzyme that can not be considered a soluble enzyme in the classical sense. | 8978461 | [
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Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. | Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) binds several discrete membrane proteins. Of these; a type 1 receptor appears indispensable for signal transduction. Previous examination of TGF-beta receptor expression has been limited to changes in cell surface protein; and more recently; mRNA abundance. In order to learn more a... | 8978463 | [
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Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. | Sequence analysis revealed multiple elements compatible with transcription initiation; including a properly positioned and oriented CCAAT box; six Sp1 binding sites (three defining GC boxes); and two strong AP2 binding sites within a 0.7 kb span directly upstream of the coding region. The 3' terminal 0.3 kb span compr... | 8978463 | [
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Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. | tiple initiation sites within 220 bp 5' proximal to the initial methionine codon. Transient transfections using nested; deleted; and inverted promoter sequences demonstrated maximal reporter expression by a 1 kb fragment encompassing all of these elements. Truncation of the 1 kb fragment from the 5' and 3' ends indicat... | 8978463 | [
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Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells. | l and conditional expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor in bone. | 8978463 | [
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Interaction of the NG2 proteoglycan with the actin cytoskeleton. | The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is a membrane-spanning molecule expressed by immature precursor cells in a variety of developing tissues. In tightly adherent cell lines with a flattened morphology; NG2 is organized on the cell surface in linear arrays that are highly co-localized with actin and myosin-containi... | 8978462 | [
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Interaction of the NG2 proteoglycan with the actin cytoskeleton. | e microfilamentous stress fibers as a means of cytoskeletal anchorage. Consistent with this is the observation that cytochalasin D disrupts the organization of both stress fibers in the cytoskeleton and NG2 on the cell surface. Very similar linear cell surface arrays are also seen with three other cell surface molecule... | 8978462 | [
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Interaction of the NG2 proteoglycan with the actin cytoskeleton. | olecules are dissimilar; it seems possible that cytoskeletal anchorage in each case may occur via different mechanisms. One indication of such differences can be seen in colchicine-treated cells which have lost their flattened morphology but still retain long actin-positive tendrils as remnants of the actin cytoskeleto... | 8978462 | [
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Interaction of the NG2 proteoglycan with the actin cytoskeleton. | t subdomains of the actin cytoskeleton. | 8978462 | [
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Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like cells. | We examined the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the activation of phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. bFGF stimulated both the formations of choline (EC50 was 30 ng/ml) and inositol phosphates (EC50 was 10 ng/ml). Calphostin C; an inhibitor of protein ki... | 8978464 | [
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Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like cells. | ; inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases; significantly suppressed the bFGF-induced formation of choline. Sodium orthovanadate; an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases; enhanced the bFGF-induced formation of choline. In vitro kinase assay for FGF receptors revealed that FGF receptor 1 and 2 were autophosphorylate... | 8978464 | [
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Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like cells. | gh the activation of tyrosine kinase; but independently of PKC activated by phosphoinositide hydrolysis in osteoblast-like cells. | 8978464 | [
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Supporting cells as phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium after bulbectomy. | Macrophages are known to be phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium of adult rats. The participation of other cell types in phagocytosis in association with the cell death process was examined in the olfactory epithelium after unilateral bulbectomy of neonatal mice. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediat... | 8978466 | [
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Supporting cells as phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium after bulbectomy. | ated side peaked at 1 day; and the percentage of labeled cell profiles was 13.6%. The number of dying cells rapidly decreased at 3 days and decreased further at 5 days. Only 3% of the cells were labeled at 5 days. The percentage of dying cells increased again at the end of first postoperative week and remained two- to ... | 8978466 | [
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Supporting cells as phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium after bulbectomy. | s contained apoptotic bodies; cellular debris and phagosomes in the cytoplasm. The number of supporting cell profiles containing phagosomes declined to a plateau 2 weeks following bulbectomy and remained at 8-12% of the supporting cell population for 2 months. The results indicate that supporting cells in the olfactory... | 8978466 | [
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Supporting cells as phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium after bulbectomy. | pe in the bulbectomized epithelium; a small number of macrophages was also observed. Moreover; the phagocytosis by supporting cells was observed in unperturbed epithelium in the early stages during postnatal development. | 8978466 | [
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Vitamin D analog 25-(OH)-16,23E-Diene-26,27-hexafluoro-vitamin D3 induces differentiation of HL60 cells with minimal effects on cellular calcium homeostasis. | Numerous vitamin D3 analogs (VDAs) can inhibit the proliferation of cells from several types of human malignancies. The physiologically active form of vitamin D3; 1;25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1;25D3); is formed by successive hydroxylations of cholecalciferol at the 25 and 1 alpha positions. In this study we examined the ef... | 8978465 | [
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Vitamin D analog 25-(OH)-16,23E-Diene-26,27-hexafluoro-vitamin D3 induces differentiation of HL60 cells with minimal effects on cellular calcium homeostasis. | VDAs. The parameters studied were the rapidity of the induction of monocytic differentiation; the cell cycle traverse; and the effects of VDAs on intracellular calcium homeostasis in HL60 cells. The results show that (1) 1;25D3 derivatives which lace the 1 alpha (OH) group have little differentiation-inducing activity;... | 8978465 | [
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Vitamin D analog 25-(OH)-16,23E-Diene-26,27-hexafluoro-vitamin D3 induces differentiation of HL60 cells with minimal effects on cellular calcium homeostasis. | ounds; and (3) 25-(OH)-16;23E-diene-26;27-hexafluoro-vitamin D2 (Ro25-9887) alone among the twelve compounds tested induces differentiation with only minimal changes in the basal levels of intracellular calcium and store-dependent calcium influx in HL60 cells. Addition of 1 alpha (OH) group to this compound increases i... | 8978465 | [
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Vitamin D analog 25-(OH)-16,23E-Diene-26,27-hexafluoro-vitamin D3 induces differentiation of HL60 cells with minimal effects on cellular calcium homeostasis. | ation; and that Ro25-9887 and related VDAs may be suitable for testing as components of anti-leukemic therapy. | 8978465 | [
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Reciprocal projections of cat extrastriate cortex: I. Distribution and morphology of neurons projecting from posterior medial lateral suprasylvian sulcus to area 17. | Reciprocal projections between cortical areas have been subdivided into two functionally distinct component; "feedforward" and "feedback" (for review; see Felleman and Van Essen [1991] Cereb. Cortex 1:1-47). Some anatomical evidence; such as differences in the laminar distribution of the neurons of origin and of the te... | 8978467 | [
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Reciprocal projections of cat extrastriate cortex: I. Distribution and morphology of neurons projecting from posterior medial lateral suprasylvian sulcus to area 17. | tribute further to our understanding of these two components of the corticocortical projections; I studied the distribution and morphology of a feedback projection; the reciprocal projection from the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian sulcus (PMLS); to primary visual cortex (area 17). Retrograde transport of horsera... | 8978467 | [
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Reciprocal projections of cat extrastriate cortex: I. Distribution and morphology of neurons projecting from posterior medial lateral suprasylvian sulcus to area 17. | ections: 1) They both emanate from all layers but layer 1; 2) each layer of origin contains a wide variety of standard and/or inverted pyramidal neurons; and 3) all of these; with the exception of a rare; large layer 5 neuron; have dendritic fields restricted principally to their layers of origin. There was; however; o... | 8978467 | [
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Reciprocal projections of cat extrastriate cortex: I. Distribution and morphology of neurons projecting from posterior medial lateral suprasylvian sulcus to area 17. | romised a striking abundance of spiny fusiform and inverted pyramidal neurons. These were morphologically distinct from other layer 6 neurons that project to the thalamus. Taken together; these data suggest that the reciprocal projections between area 17 and area PMLS; although not completely equivalent; share essentia... | 8978467 | [
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Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene induction. | Dynorphin; an endogenous kappa opioid receptor ligand; acts in the striatum to regulate the response of striatonigral neurons to D1 dopamine receptor stimulation. We investigated the relative contributions of both presynaptic kappa receptors on dopamine terminals and postsynaptic kappa receptors on striatal neurons by ... | 8978468 | [
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Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene induction. | tion was measured by using in situ hybridization histochemistry. First; repeated treatment with the D1-receptor agonist SKF-38393 (2 mg/kg/day; 3-14 days) was used to increase dynorphin levels in rats with dopamine depletions. In the nucleus accumbens; increased dynorphin expression was accompanied by reduced induction... | 8978468 | [
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Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene induction. | in dynorphin expression. These results are consistent with a requirement of dopamine terminals (presynaptic kappa receptors) for the inhibitory action of dynorphin in the dorsal/lateral striatum; but not in the ventral striatum. Second; the kappa receptor agonist spiradoline (1-10 mg/kg) reduced c-fos and zif 268 induc... | 8978468 | [
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Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene induction. | t postsynaptic kappa receptors contribute to the inhibition of the D1 response at least in the ventral striatum. Together; these results indicate that dynorphin in the striatum functions to regulate dopamine input to striatonigral neurons; acting at both pre- and postsynaptic sites; and that the relative contributions ... | 8978468 | [
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Characterization of the microvascular glycocalyx in normal and injured spinal cord in the rat. | The glycocalyx of microvasculature in normal and injured spinal cord was characterized by using cationized ferritin to define anionic sites and the lectins concanavalin agglutinin (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA) to delineate carbohydrate moities. Binding of cationized ferritin was evaluated at the ultra... | 8978469 | [
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Characterization of the microvascular glycocalyx in normal and injured spinal cord in the rat. | ntinuous even binding of cationized ferritin along the luminal front of microvasculature and no evidence of barrier permeability to HRP. After spinal cord injury; there was a reduction in binding of cationized ferritin in those regions of spinal cord that exhibited barrier breakdown to HRP. Lectin binding in the spinal... | 8978469 | [
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Characterization of the microvascular glycocalyx in normal and injured spinal cord in the rat. | ith the control spinal cord. At the ultrastructural level; a significant increase in RCA binding was noted along luminal fronts in the injured spinal cord. This increased binding coincided with a significant elaboration of the endothelial glycocalyx. These findings demonstrate that the charge; structure; and carbohydra... | 8978469 | [
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Characterization of the microvascular glycocalyx in normal and injured spinal cord in the rat. | harge and disruption of the barrier; suggesting that anionic sites may contribute to maintenance of the blood-spinal cord barrier. | 8978469 | [
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Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb following early odor preference learning. | Previous work has shown that odors induce focal uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) within the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb and that the amount of 2-DG accumulated in these foci increases after early odor learning. To determine if learning-associated changes in 2-DG uptake occur across the entire glomer... | 8978470 | [
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Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb following early odor preference learning. | eraged across experimental groups to address the spatial distribution of uptake. The average arrays revealed at least three discrete fields of uptake in naive; peppermint-exposed rats at postnatal day 19 that were not seen in air-exposed littermates. In agreement with previous studies; early preference training with pe... | 8978470 | [
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Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb following early odor preference learning. | t; ventrolateral patches of uptake did not increase to the same extent. In addition; early preference learning was associated with significantly increased 2-DG uptake average over the entire analyzed glomerular layer. These increases were smaller than those within odor-dependent foci and were distributed widely across ... | 8978470 | [
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Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb following early odor preference learning. | ake after learning may reflect changed activity of centrifugal projections that diffusely innervate the glomerular layer. | 8978470 | [
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Differential expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 mRNA in lingual papillae and taste buds indicates roles in gustatory and somatosensory innervation. | Although many studies have demonstrated the dependency of taste bud function and/or survival on intact innervation; relatively few have dealt with the development of taste bud innervation. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry; we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) mRNA are... | 8978472 | [
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Differential expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 mRNA in lingual papillae and taste buds indicates roles in gustatory and somatosensory innervation. | of the taste cells of the developing and adult taste buds in rats; showing different labeling intensities among the labeled cells. NT3 and mRNA seems to be located in areas other than those where BDNF mRNA is expressed; mainly in the superior epithelial surfaces of circumvallate papillae; the outer surface epithelium ... | 8978472 | [
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Differential expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 mRNA in lingual papillae and taste buds indicates roles in gustatory and somatosensory innervation. | connective tissue of the tongue. The morphological appearance; expression of NT3 mRNA; and ramification of nerve fibers in defined epithelial structures in the posterior wall of the anterior filiform papillae suggest the existence of a mechanosensory apparatus in these papillae. Nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 4 p... | 8978472 | [
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Differential expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 mRNA in lingual papillae and taste buds indicates roles in gustatory and somatosensory innervation. | n and for maintenance of gustatory innervation of taste buds and gustatory papillae and that NT3 is mainly needed for somatosensory innervation of the tongue. | 8978472 | [
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Distribution and hormonal regulation of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the forebrain of the male European ferret. | The distribution and hormonal regulation of androgen-receptor-immunoreactive (AR-ir) cells in the male European ferret forebrain were examined. AR-ir cells were found in many limbic and hypothalamic structures; and their distribution was similar to that reported for cells that either bind androgen or contain AR protein... | 8978471 | [
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Distribution and hormonal regulation of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the forebrain of the male European ferret. | hypothalamic nuclei; castration reduced the density of AR-ir profiles and the intensity of immunocytochemical staining; and long-term (days) androgen; but not estrogen; replacement restored these parameters of AR immunoreactivity. Other areas; such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; appeared to be relatively r... | 8978471 | [
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Distribution and hormonal regulation of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the forebrain of the male European ferret. | location of AR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; because short-term (hours) treatment with testosterone did not result in an increase in AR-ir profile density equivalent to that seen after 10 days of testosterone treatment. Thus; androgens appear to be able to increase AR levels within certain brain cell groups; there... | 8978471 | [
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Patterns of intrinsic and associational circuitry in monkey prefrontal cortex. | Both local and long-range connections are critical mediators of information processing in the cerebral cortex; but little is known about the relationships among these types of connections; especially in higher-order cortical regions. We used quantitative reconstructions of the label arising from discrete (approximately... | 8978474 | [
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Patterns of intrinsic and associational circuitry in monkey prefrontal cortex. | ramidal neurons in the supragranular layers of monkey prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46). Both terminals and cell bodies labeled by transport along axon collaterals in the gray matter formed intrinsic clusters which were arrayed as a series of discontinuous stripes of similar size and shape. The co-registration of ante... | 8978474 | [
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Patterns of intrinsic and associational circuitry in monkey prefrontal cortex. | the white matter formed associational clusters which were also arrayed as a series of discontinuous stripes. The dimensions of the anterogradely- and retrogradely-labeled associational stripes were very similar to each other and to the intrinsic stripes. These findings demonstrate that divergence; convergence; and rec... | 8978474 | [
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Patterns of intrinsic and associational circuitry in monkey prefrontal cortex. | a discrete group of neurons would lead to the recruitment of a specific neuronal network comprised of both local and distant groups of cells. Furthermore; the consistent size of the intrinsic and associational stripes (approximately 275 by 1;800 microns) suggests that they may represent basic functional units in the p... | 8978474 | [
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Long-term integration and neuronal differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTera-2) transplanted into the caudoputamen of nude mice. | NTera-2 (NT2) cells are a human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line derived from a teratocarcinoma that differentiate exclusively into postmitotic neurons in vitro following retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Like other EC cell lines; NT2 cells rapidly form lethal tumors following transplantation into peripheral sites or man... | 8978473 | [
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Long-term integration and neuronal differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTera-2) transplanted into the caudoputamen of nude mice. | long-term fate of such grafts; we studied NT2 cell transplants in the CP of nude mice that survived for > 1 year. NT2 cells in these grafts acquired molecular markers of fully mature neurons including the low; middle; and high molecular weight neurofilament proteins; microtubule-associated protein 2; tau; and synaptoph... | 8978473 | [
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Long-term integration and neuronal differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTera-2) transplanted into the caudoputamen of nude mice. | grafts increased with progressively longer postimplantation survival times. Soluble extracts of the adult mouse CP augmented TH expression in RA-treated NT2 cells in vitro. These data suggest that the adult mouse CP is a source of factor(s) that inhibits tumor formation and induce a catecholaminergic neuronal phenotyp... | 8978473 | [
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Long-term integration and neuronal differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTera-2) transplanted into the caudoputamen of nude mice. | ns to specific neurotransmitter phenotypes. | 8978473 | [
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Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat and monkey spinal cord. | In the present study; the distribution of dopamine (DA) was identified light microscopically in all segments of the rat; cat; and monkey spinal cord by using immunocytochemistry with antibodies directed against dopamine. Only fibers and (presumed) terminals were found to be immunoreactive for DA. Strongest DA labeling ... | 8978475 | [
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Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat and monkey spinal cord. | anal area (region X); but with the exception of the substantia gelatinosa; which was only sparsely labeled; especially in rat and monkey. In the motoneuronal cell groups DA labeling was also strong and showed a fine granular appearance. The sexually dimorphic cremaster nucleus and Onuf's nucleus (or its homologue) show... | 8978475 | [
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Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat and monkey spinal cord. | nae VI-VIII); were only sparsely innervated. The dorsal nucleus (column of Clarke) showed the fewest DA fibers; as did the central cervical nucleus; suggesting that cerebellar projecting cells were avoided by the DA projection. In all species; the descending fibers were located mostly in the dorsolateral funiculus; but... | 8978475 | [
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Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat and monkey spinal cord. | hat DA plays an important role as one of the monoamines that influences sensory input as well as autonomic and motor output at the spinal level. | 8978475 | [
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Neurogenesis in neonatal rat brain is regulated by peripheral injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). | Many major diseases of human brain involve deficiencies of select neuronal populations. As one approach to repair; we examined regulation of neurogenesis directly in vivo; employing postnatal day 1 (P1) cerebellar cortex; which is composed primarily of granule neurons and dividing precursors. We focused on basic fibrob... | 8978476 | [
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Neurogenesis in neonatal rat brain is regulated by peripheral injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). | ([3H]dT) incorporation; a marker for DNA synthesis; by 50% in whole cerebellar homogenates; suggesting that peripherally administered factor altered ongoing neural proliferation. Further; assay of isolated granule precursors revealed a 4-fold increase in [3H]dT incorporation following in vivo bFGF treatment; indicatin... | 8978476 | [
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Neurogenesis in neonatal rat brain is regulated by peripheral injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). | bFGF. To determine whether other neurogenetic populations respond to peripheral bFGF; we examined additional brain regions in vivo. bFGF stimulated DNA synthesis by 68% in hippocampus; and by > 250% in pontine subventricular zone (SVZ). In contrast; incorporation was not altered in basal pons or cerebral cortex; regio... | 8978476 | [
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Neurogenesis in neonatal rat brain is regulated by peripheral injection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). | ered from brain following peripheral injection; suggesting that the factor acted directly to stimulate mitosis in dividing neuroblasts. The stimulation of neuronal proliferation by exogenous bFGF suggests that the factor normally regulates neurogenesis; and provides new therapeutic approaches to promote functional reco... | 8978476 | [
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