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SALT LAKE CITY (KTVX) — The Disney icon Mickey Mouse has waltzed on into the public domain — or at least, a version of him has.
On Jan. 1, 2024, thousands of copyrighted works from 1928 became public domain in the United States, meaning they are free for everyone to copy, share or use to build upon. Among those works is the first iteration of Mickey Mouse, otherwise known as “Steamboat Willie”.
The black-and-white classic animation is the first feature showing what would become the iconic Mickey and Minnie Mouse. There are still caveats to using the Steamboat Willie and associated characters, of course.
Duke University Center for the Study of the Public Domain Director Jennifer Jenkins, who writes an annual Jan. 1 column for “Public Domain Day,” explained that Disney still owns Mickey Mouse’s copyright as well as the trademarks for Mickey as a brand identifier. So long as you don’t use the mouse in a way that makes people think your work is made or sponsored by Disney and you don’t use any newer versions of Mickey, you’re in the clear.
“Ever since Mickey Mouse’s first appearance in the 1928 short film Steamboat Willie, people have associated the character with Disney’s stories, experiences, and authentic products,” a Disney spokesperson said in a statement to The Associated Press. “That will not change when the copyright in the Steamboat Willie film expires.”
Current artists and creators will be able to make use of Mickey, but with major limits. It is only the more mischievous, rat-like, non-speaking boat captain in “Steamboat Willie” that has become public.
“More modern versions of Mickey will remain unaffected by the expiration of the Steamboat Willie copyright, and Mickey will continue to play a leading role as a global ambassador for the Walt Disney Company in our storytelling, theme park attractions, and merchandise,” Disney’s statement said.
Not every feature or personality trait a character displays is necessarily copyrightable, however, and courts could be busy in the coming years determining what’s inside and outside Disney’s ownership.
“We will, of course, continue to protect our rights in the more modern versions of Mickey Mouse and other works that remain subject to copyright,” the company said.
Disney still solidly and separately holds a trademark on Mickey as a corporate mascot and brand identifier, and the law forbids using the character deceptively to fool consumers into thinking a product is from the original creator. Anyone starting a film company or a theme park will not be free to make mouse ears their logo.
Disney’s statement said it “will work to safeguard against consumer confusion caused by unauthorized uses of Mickey and our other iconic characters.”
“Steamboat Willie,” directed by Walt Disney and his partner Ub Iwerks and among the first cartoons to have sound synced with its visuals, was actually the third cartoon featuring Mickey and Minnie the men made, but the first to be released. It features a more menacing Mickey captaining a boat and making musical instruments out of other animals.
Steamboat Willie isn’t the only iconic character that now belongs to the public for free use either. According to Jenkins, A.A. Milne’s “House at Pooh Corner” entered the public domain, which introduced Winnie the Pooh’s loveable bouncy, trouncy, flouncy and pouncy friend Tigger.
The Pooh Bear himself entered public domain in 2022 and has since starred in an R-rated horror slasher film. A sequel to “Winnie The Pooh: Blood and Honey” is reportedly in the works and set to be released later in 2024, with the cast including a role for Tigger.
Other properties entering the U.S. public domain are Charlie Chaplin’s film “Circus,” Virginia Woolf’s novel “Orlando” and Bertolt Brecht’s musical play “The Threepenny Opera.”
Jenkins said the public domain should be celebrated as a “wellspring for creativity” In the United States. Copyright culture only reaches the public domain after a long wait – in the case of Steamboat Willie, for example, it took 95 years.
“When works go into the public domain, they can be legally shared, without permission or fee,” Jenkins said. “Community theaters can screen the films. Youth orchestras can perform the music publicly, without paying licensing fees.”
Jenkins said the whole point of copyright is to promote creativity and the public domain plays a central role in that. As more work enters the public domain, other creatives can reimagine previous works creating new movies, cartoons, books, plays, video games and music based on those works.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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https://fox4kc.com/news/national/mickey-mouse-has-entered-the-public-domain-kind-of/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:41
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en
| 0.943641
|
(NEXSTAR) — A massive solar flare — the largest in years — was spotted on the sun on New Year’s Eve, sparking a warning to some high-frequency radio users.
In an update Sunday evening, NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) released an image of the flare, which appeared as a large, glowing spot on the sun. You can see that image below.
“A flare is an eruption of energy from the sun that generally lasts minutes to hours,” the SWPC explains. This one in particular, which peaked just before 5 p.m. ET on Sunday, was categorized as an X5 flare.
Solar flares are classified based on their strength, much like earthquakes, according to NASA. The scale ranges from B-class on the lowest end to C-class, then M-class, and finally, X-class. Each letter represents a ten-fold increase in energy output, and there is a scale of 1 to 9 in each class, except for X-class. X-class flares can exceed 9, with the largest-ever recorded being an X45 that occurred in 2003.
Flares that are B- or C-class are too weak for us to notice on Earth, NASA explains, and M-class flares “can cause brief radio blackouts at the poles and minor radiation storms that might endanger astronauts.” X-class flares can cause more noticeable impacts, like radiation storms that can impact satellites and give small radiation doses to airplane passengers flying near the poles. NASA notes that they can also cause “global transmission problems and world-wide blackouts.”
At an X5, Sunday’s flare was much smaller than the flare recorded in 2003. It was, however, the strongest since September 2017, when an X8.2 flare was detected, according to the SWPC. This flare also supersedes an X2.8 solar flare reported in the same region of the sun on December 14. At the time, the SWPC reported that flare was “likely one of the largest solar radio events ever recorded.”
The SWPC said those using high-frequency radio signals (like emergency managers) may notice a “temporary degradation or complete loss of signal on much of the sunlit side of Earth” as a result of Sunday’s solar flare.
For the rest of us, the SWPC said we “need not be concerned.” While a coronal mass ejection (CME) — which can cause northern light displays on Earth — was detected in connection with Sunday’s solar flare, the chances of any of us seeing the aurora Monday night appear slim.
The SWPC’s current forecast shows only a few states have a chance at catching the auroras Monday night. Much of Alaska and Canada have a high likelihood of seeing the northern lights while some states — Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine have slim chances (denoted by the light green and red “view line” on the map below).
The aurora “may become visible along the horizon,” the SWPC said Monday.
A minor geomagnetic storm watch is in effect for Tuesday, though the likelihood of seeing the aurora appears even slimmer then, per the SWPC’s current forecast.
Solar activity and CMEs are only expected to be more common in 2024 as the sun continues through Solar Cycle 25. Solar cycles are 11-year periods when the sun flips its magnetic poles, sparking space weather like flares and CMEs, which are explosions of plasma and magnetic material from the sun that can reach Earth in as little as 15 to 18 hours, NOAA explains.
Those CMEs that do impact Earth not only cause auroras but can impact our navigation, communication and radio signals.
While it may sound alarming, you shouldn’t expect a five-day blackout and grounded flights if the aurora brightens up your sky.
There are resiliencies built into our electrical grids, flights, and communication systems to prevent or diminish any impact, Dr. Delores Knipp, a research professor in the Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department at the University of Colorado Boulder, told Nexstar in October. In fact, you may not even notice a solar storm has hit us (like Sunday’s solar flare). SWPC’s Rob Steenburgh previously told Nexstar that they “happen all the time and are no cause for alarm.”
“Some people worry that a gigantic ‘killer solar flare’ could hurl enough energy to destroy Earth, but this is not actually possible,” NASA previously explained. Plus, solar cycles repeat every 11 years. That means anyone over the age of 11 has already lived through a solar maximum (and probably didn’t notice its occurrence).
An added bonus of the current solar cycle? The total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, will occur near cycle maximum, meaning a good show for skywatchers, NOAA explains.
|
https://www.ktsm.com/news/strongest-solar-flare-since-2017-detected-heres-what-to-know/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:44
|
en
| 0.945559
|
A massive solar flare — the largest in years — was spotted on the sun on New Year’s Eve, sparking a warning to some high-frequency radio users.
In an update Sunday evening, NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) released an image of the flare, which appeared as a large, glowing spot on the sun. You can see that image below.
“A flare is an eruption of energy from the sun that generally lasts minutes to hours,” the SWPC explains. This one in particular, which peaked just before 5 p.m. ET on Sunday, was categorized as an X5 flare.
Solar flares are classified based on their strength, much like earthquakes, according to NASA. The scale ranges from B-class on the lowest end to C-class, then M-class, and finally, X-class. Each letter represents a ten-fold increase in energy output, and there is a scale of 1 to 9 in each class, except for X-class. X-class flares can exceed 9, with the largest-ever recorded being an X45 that occurred in 2003.
Flares that are B- or C-class are too weak for us to notice on Earth, NASA explains, and M-class flares “can cause brief radio blackouts at the poles and minor radiation storms that might endanger astronauts.”
X-class flares can cause more noticeable impacts, like radiation storms that can impact satellites and give small radiation doses to airplane passengers flying near the poles. NASA notes that they can also cause “global transmission problems and world-wide blackouts.”
At an X5, Sunday’s flare was much smaller than the flare recorded in 2003. It was, however, the strongest since September 2017, when an X8.2 flare was detected, according to the SWPC. This flare also supersedes an X2.8 solar flare reported in the same region of the sun on December 14. At the time, the SWPC reported that flare was “likely one of the largest solar radio events ever recorded.”
The SWPC said those using high-frequency radio signals (like emergency managers) may notice a “temporary degradation or complete loss of signal on much of the sunlit side of Earth” as a result of Sunday’s solar flare.
For the rest of us, the SWPC said we “need not be concerned.” While a coronal mass ejection (CME) — which can cause northern light displays on Earth — was detected in connection with Sunday’s solar flare, the chances of any of us seeing the aurora Monday night appear slim.
The SWPC’s current forecast shows only a few states have a chance at catching the auroras Monday night.
Much of Alaska and Canada have a high likelihood of seeing the northern lights while some states — Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine have slim chances (denoted by the light green and red “view line” on the map below).
The aurora “may become visible along the horizon,” the SWPC said Monday.
A minor geomagnetic storm watch is in effect for Tuesday, though the likelihood of seeing the aurora appears even slimmer then, per the SWPC’s current forecast.
Solar activity and CMEs are only expected to be more common in 2024 as the sun continues through Solar Cycle 25. Solar cycles are 11-year periods when the sun flips its magnetic poles, sparking space weather like flares and CMEs, which are explosions of plasma and magnetic material from the sun that can reach Earth in as little as 15 to 18 hours, NOAA explains.
Those CMEs that do impact Earth not only cause auroras but can impact our navigation, communication and radio signals.
While it may sound alarming, you shouldn’t expect a five-day blackout and grounded flights if the aurora brightens up your sky.
There are resiliencies built into our electrical grids, flights, and communication systems to prevent or diminish any impact, Dr. Delores Knipp, a research professor in the Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department at the University of Colorado Boulder, told Nexstar in October.
In fact, you may not even notice a solar storm has hit us (like Sunday’s solar flare). SWPC’s Rob Steenburgh previously told Nexstar that they “happen all the time and are no cause for alarm.”
“Some people worry that a gigantic ‘killer solar flare’ could hurl enough energy to destroy Earth, but this is not actually possible,” NASA previously explained. Plus, solar cycles repeat every 11 years. That means anyone over the age of 11 has already lived through a solar maximum (and probably didn’t notice its occurrence).
An added bonus of the current solar cycle? The total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, will occur near cycle maximum, meaning a good show for skywatchers, NOAA explains.
|
https://fox4kc.com/news/national/strongest-solar-flare-since-2017-detected-heres-what-to-know/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:47
|
en
| 0.94611
|
NEW HAVEN, Conn. (WTNH) — It’s not uncommon for twins to have different birthdays, but a different birth year? That’s what a new set of twins in Connecticut will have for a lifetime.
Souli Morris was born at 12:02 a.m. at Yale New Haven Hospital, becoming the hospital’s first baby of 2024.
But she’s still younger than her brother, Seven, who was born at 11:59 p.m.
It’s unknown exactly how close he was born to midnight, according to the hospital, because births are only recorded in minutes.
The brother and sister — both weighing six pounds, nine ounces — were welcomed by Mykel and Aliyah Kiyomi Morris, of Hamden.
Every year, there are about 120,000 twin births, USA Today reports. The chance of twins having different birth years, like Souli and Seven Morris, is about 1 in 2 million, according to Natividad Medical Center.
A set of twins born in 2020 have an even wilder story: they were born 30 minutes apart but in different years and different decades.
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https://www.ktsm.com/news/twins-born-in-separate-years-in-connecticut/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:50
|
en
| 0.97949
|
NEW HAVEN, Conn. (WTNH) — It’s not uncommon for twins to have different birthdays, but a different birth year? That’s what a new set of twins in Connecticut will have for a lifetime.
Souli Morris was born at 12:02 a.m. at Yale New Haven Hospital, becoming the hospital’s first baby of 2024.
But she’s still younger than her brother, Seven, who was born at 11:59 p.m.
It’s unknown exactly how close he was born to midnight, according to the hospital, because births are only recorded in minutes.
The brother and sister — both weighing six pounds, nine ounces — were welcomed by Mykel and Aliyah Kiyomi Morris, of Hamden.
Every year, there are about 120,000 twin births, USA Today reports. The chance of twins having different birth years, like Souli and Seven Morris, is about 1 in 2 million, according to Natividad Medical Center.
A set of twins born in 2020 have an even wilder story: they were born 30 minutes apart but in different years and different decades.
|
https://fox4kc.com/news/national/twins-born-in-separate-years-in-connecticut/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:53
|
en
| 0.97949
|
(Stacker) – People have looked at the sky for millennia in awe of all the celestial wonders happening above. Even today, with advanced technology and a more nuanced understanding of our solar system and the galaxies beyond, we continue to look to the sky with a great sense of fascination.
The most anticipated celestial event of 2024 is the total solar eclipse on April 8. Much of the U.S., Mexico, and Canada will be in the path of totality, meaning people in the right place will see the moon perfectly lined up in front of the sun, leaving a shaded circle of the moon and only the outer aura of the sun. The last total solar eclipse was Aug. 21, 2017. Many people marked the occasion by going outside wearing eclipse glasses and bearing witness to the remarkable event.
But stargazers don’t have to wait until April for exciting occurrences in the upper atmosphere. Many thrilling astral events will happen throughout the year, many of which do not require special equipment to view. What is the most essential thing to do to increase the chances of a good view? Find a place with dark skies or at least a sky some distance away from the light pollution in cities.
Stacker sourced information from NASA, weather channels, and astronomy sites to list 2024’s most notable astronomical events in chronological order to help people plan their sky viewing for the year.
AstroStar // Shutterstock
Feb. 22, 2024: Venus and Mars conjunction
February’s astronomical event isn’t exactly the most rare. Venus and Mars are conjunct, meaning they get very close to each other in the sky about once a year. The last time Venus and Mars cozied up was July 27, 2023.
What makes this yearly event special is its accessibility. Venus is the brightest object in the sky because the thick clouds in its atmosphere draw in heat and light. Mars isn’t quite as bright as Venus, but it’s still easy to spot the red planet with the naked eye.
It’s ideal to be in southern latitudes to see these planets together. Wake up before sunrise, head to an area without tall structures or trees, and look to the southeastern horizon.
AlbertoGonzalez // Shutterstock
Feb. 26, 2024: Zodiacal light
Just a few days later, a two-week period that’ll create the best time to see a light phenomenon called zodiacal light begins. Zodiacal light, also known as false dawn, appears just after twilight as a cone of faint light spreading upward from the horizon. Scientists believe zodiacal light is sunlight reflecting off dust clouds sucked in by Earth’s gravity.
Increase the chance of seeing this serene light show by planning to be somewhere away from city lights—the darker the sky, the better. Be sure to look up the exact time of twilight in the area to know when the zodiacal light should begin to appear.
IgorZh // Shutterstock
April 8, 2024: Total solar eclipse
April brings the celestial star of the show for all of 2024, when people across North America can see the moon pass exactly in front of the sun, creating darkness during the day and a ring of fire visual effect from the sun.
To get the best view, be in the 115-mile wide path of totality, stretching across the United States from San Antonio and Dallas, Texas, through the Midwest to cities like Indianapolis and Cleveland, and through the Northeast, from Buffalo, New York, to Maine.
It’ll take the moon about 2.5 hours to complete its journey crossing the sun, but totality will only last about four minutes. Those who don’t make it within the path of totality will see a partial eclipse.
Even during the eclipse, looking at the sun is dangerous, even if viewing it through a camera or telescope lens. Make sure to wear eclipse glasses to avoid permanent eye damage.
Jim Cumming // Shutterstock
April 12, 2024: ‘Devil comet’ crosses the sky
While the total solar eclipse sparks imaginations, a second, even rarer event will occur at the same time. A large comet commonly called the “devil comet” will make its closest pass by Earth in 70 years. The comet, 12P/Pons-Brooks, got its nickname because of two ice and gas formations that mimic the shape of horns. The last time 12P/Pons-Brooks was visible to us was in 1954.
It’ll be visible during the eclipse, although it is not recommended for viewing at that moment since the eclipse’s darkness is short-lived and could lead to accidents. Sticking to one celestial event at a time, 12P/Pons-Brooks will be close to Jupiter days later on April 12 to 14 and closest to the sun on April 21. To increase the chances of seeing the devil comet, gaze on the part of the sky where Jupiter appears.
Diane Kulpinski // Shutterstock
Aug. 12, 2024: Perseids meteor shower
The Perseid meteor shower is visible every summer, and 2024 will be no different. It occurs when Earth’s orbit goes through the debris a comet left behind.
The moon’s brightness is the most important factor in being able to see the meteor shower clearly; when the moon is dim, the sky is darker, making the Perseids easier to see. On Aug. 12, 2024, the moon will be at half-brightness during the peak of the Perseid meteor shower. It’ll create the best time to see these meteors light up the sky when it sets around midnight UTC.
Michael Andrew Just // Shutterstock
Aug. 19, 2024: Supermoon
Ever look at the moon and note that it seems bigger than usual? Four full moons in the fall of 2024 will appear larger than life because the moon will have moved closer to the Earth than at any other time during the year.
The moon orbits around Earth in an oval shape. When it hits perigee, that is, its closest approach to Earth, it’ll also be at its fullest, known as a supermoon. Those who miss the supermoon on Aug. 19 will have a second chance to see another one during later lunar cycles on Sept. 18, Oct. 17, and Nov. 15 in 2024.
AstroStar // Shutterstock
September-October 2024: Will Comet C/2023 A3 shine bright?
The biggest mystery of the stargazing world may be answered in the fall of 2024: Will a newly discovered comet shine bright, or will anticipation for this event go bust? Comet C/2023 A3 was first spotted in late 2022 and early 2023. Scientists determined the comet takes 80,000 years to complete an orbit around the sun. According to their estimates, it’ll reach its closest point to the sun on Sept. 28, 2024.
With any luck, the comet will be bright enough to be visible to people in the southern hemisphere without any equipment through the month of September. By October, the comet will pass the sun and may become visible to people in North America by Oct. 11 or 12, 2024. Scientists need more data about Comet C/2023 A3 to be sure, so for now, the comet remains a bit of a mystery.
marianoarias.soy // Shutterstock
Oct. 2, 2024: Another solar eclipse
For those who didn’t get enough excitement from the total solar eclipse in April, a second solar eclipse will occur on Oct. 2. This time, people in South America will get the best show. The path of totality crosses over at the very bottom of Argentina and Chile. For people who don’t plan to travel to remote areas of southern Argentina and Chile, a partial eclipse will be visible in North and South America.
Liang Li Photos // Shutterstock
Dec. 13, 2024: Geminid meteor shower
Every December, the Geminid meteors return to fly across the night sky. The annual Geminid meteor shower is a great event for new skywatchers to view because it’s one of the most reliable annual meteor showers. With clear and dark skies, about 120 meteors per hour are typically visible when the Geminids peak. The meteors usually appear yellow and move quickly across the sky.
Smit // Shutterstock
All year: Increased aurora activity
2024 will likely be the best year to check viewing the northern lights off bucket lists. Scientists say increased solar activity is likely to peak in 2024, which means the aurora borealis could be visible more often than in years past. The best opportunities to see the effects of a stronger solar cycle should occur from January to October, especially around the spring and fall equinoxes.
Although the northern lights may be strong enough to be visible in parts of the contiguous U.S. occasionally, stargazers’ best bet is to travel further north. Northern destinations such as Fairbanks, Alaska; Yellowknife, Canada; and Nordic countries offer the best opportunities to see beautiful green and red hues dance across the night sky.
Story editing by Carren Jao. Copy editing by Kristen Wegrzyn. Photo selection by Clarese Moller.
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https://fox4kc.com/weather/these-comets-meteor-showers-and-eclipses-will-be-visible-in-2024/
| 2024-01-01T21:14:59
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en
| 0.926454
|
Citation
Aghili SH, Zardoui A, Farhang Ranjbar M, Baratloo A. Bull. Emerg. Trauma 2023; 11(4): 190-195.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Trauma Reseach Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences)
DOI
10.30476/BEAT.2023.100565.1473
PMID
38143522
PMCID
PMC10743318
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of gunshot wound (GSW) patients as well as identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a consecutive sampling method was used, including all patients with GSWs in any anatomical region. Data collection included demographic and clinical information, radiological findings, treatment specifics, and outcome variables, such as hospitalization length of stay (LOS) as the primary outcome. To identify predictive factors associated with prolonged LOS, logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: We studied 212 GSW cases, including 95.8% were men and 4.2% were women. The mean age of the studied group was 30.17±7.80 years. GSWs occurred in extremities (80.2%), abdomen (9.0%), thorax (4.7%), and head or neck (5.2%). Two patients (0.9%) had both abdominal and thoracic GSWs. The most prevalent radiological study was an X-ray (83.0%). Patients with head and neck GSWs had the longest emergency department stay, while patients with abdominal GSW patients had the shortest (p=0.068). The highest rates of blood product transfusion were observed in abdominal GSWs (63.2%), emergency surgery (63.2%), and ICU admission (42.1%). Head and neck GSWs had the longest hospitalization LOS (7.5 days). Longer LOS was significantly associated with abnormalities in radiological findings, receiving blood products, and ICU admission (p≤0.001). Significant predictors of prolonged LOS were major abnormalities in radiological findings [odds ratio (OR)=5.3; 95% confidence interval (CI):2.8-10.2], head and neck GSWs (OR=6.1; 95% CI:1.2-31.9), and blood product transfusion (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.0-16.3). CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into factors influencing prolonged hospitalization in GSW patients, highlighting the importance of radiological findings, head and neck injuries, and blood product transfusion.
Language: en
Keywords
Trauma; Gunshot; Hospital length of stay; Radiologic findings
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778237_20
| 2024-01-01T21:18:32
|
en
| 0.927577
|
Citation
Kobeissi E, Menassa M, Honein-AbouHaidar G, El Achi N, Abdul-Sater Z, Farhat T, Al Mohtar D, Hajjar M, Abdul-Khalek RA, Chaya BF, Elamine A, Hettiaratchy S, Abu-Sittah G. Front. Public Health 2023; 11: e1305021.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Frontiers Editorial Office)
DOI
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1305021
PMID
38145076
PMCID
PMC10748398
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Lebanon, a country located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, is one of the world's smaller sovereign states. In the past few decades, Lebanon endured a perpetual political turmoil and several armed conflicts. July 12, 2006, marked the start of a one-month war in Lebanon, which resulted in thousands of casualties. Little is known about the long-term consequences of war injuries inflicted on civilians during the July 2006 war. METHODS: The objectives of this paper were to identify and evaluate: 1- civilians' access to healthcare and medicine under conditions of war; 2- the long-term socioeconomic burden on injured civilians; and 3- their quality of life more than a decade post-war. We adopted a mixed-method research design with an emphasis on the qualitative component. We conducted interviews with patients, collected clinical and financial data from hospital medical records, and administered a self-rated health questionnaire, the EQ-5D-5L. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated using Excel. NVivo 12® was used for data management and thematic analysis. RESULTS: We conducted 25 interviews. Injured civilians were mostly males, average age of 27. The most common mechanism of injury was blast injury. Most patients underwent multiple surgeries as well as revision surgeries. The thematic analysis revealed three themes: 1- recall of the time of the incident, the thousand miles journey, and patients' access to services; 2- post-trauma sequelae and services; and 3- long-term impact. Patients described the long-term burden including chronic pain, poor mobility, anxiety or depression, and limited activities of daily living. DISCUSSION: Civilians injured during the July 2006 war described the traumatising events they endured during the war and the limited access to medical care during and post-war. Up until this study was conducted, affected civilians were still experiencing physical, psychological, and financial sequelae. Acknowledging the limitations of this study, which include a small sample size and recall bias, the findings underscore the necessity for the expansion of services catering to civilians injured during wartime.
Language: en
Keywords
Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Developing Countries; Lebanon; quality of life; armed conflict; *Quality of Life; *Activities of Daily Living; access to health care; Anxiety Disorders; blast injuries; Lebanon/epidemiology; long-term burden; patient referral
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778250_20
| 2024-01-01T21:18:39
|
en
| 0.93689
|
Citation
Jogerst GJ, Xu Y, Ohringer JD, Daly JM. J. Elder Abuse Negl. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI
10.1080/08946566.2023.2297228
PMID
38143323
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to assess changes over 20 years, between family physicians perceived magnitude of elder mistreatment, physician knowledge of state laws, barriers to reporting suspected cases, and what is done in practice. Questionnaires were mailed to 1,080 physician members of the Iowa Academy of Family Physicians. Thirty-six percent of physicians returned the questionnaire. These respondents had a mean age of 51 years, were licensed for 19 years, and 51% were male. Twenty-nine percent of physicians ask their patients direct questions about elder abuse in 2022 compared to 14% in 2002. Identifying an elder abuse case was associated with asking direct questions about abuse and the belief that prompt action would be taken. Knowledge of elder abuse legislation was associated with reporting of all abuse cases, along with thinking there were clear definitions of abuse and that reporting benefits patients.
Language: en
Keywords
Elder abuse; family physician; reporting elder abuse
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778259_20
| 2024-01-01T21:18:45
|
en
| 0.969134
|
Citation
Chen G, Jin G. J. Multidiscip. Healthc. 2023; 16: 4133-4137.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Dove Press)
DOI
10.2147/JMDH.S426166
PMID
38143797
PMCID
PMC10748522
Abstract
Hospitals have become soft targets for terrorism, with increasing terrorist attacks observed in the last two decades. Not only the counter-terrorism and law enforcement agencies but the hospitals also need to be actively involved and undertake the responsibility of safeguarding hospital security by establishing an effective security system. Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the significance of scientific evidence, and in practice, research methods for the generation, collection, and utilization of evidence may offer new insights to overcome the issue of terrorism. The present study discusses the potential application of methods in evidence-based medicine for developing security systems against terrorist attacks in hospitals. First, hospitals can use simulated scenarios of terrorist attacks to generate evidence. For example, combining virtual technology with virtual reality technology and selecting appropriate algorithms or models to generate evidence. Second, they can apply tabletop exercises to propose measures, as a means of collecting evidence. The collection of data can be obtained through questionnaires or interviews. Some biological methods, such as collecting salivary markers of acute stress (α-amylase and secretory immunoglobulin A), can also be used to assess emotional states. Third, they can use the collected evidence to practically test and refine the implemented measures. To verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the formulated solutions in real-life scenarios, simulations, models, drills, and similar methods can be used. This approach may provide new perspectives for the development of hospital security systems.
Language: en
Keywords
evidence-based medicine method; hospital security against terrorist attacks; security system development
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778262_20
| 2024-01-01T21:18:51
|
en
| 0.894774
|
Citation
Hammond FM, Zafonte RD, Sherer M, Bell KR, Bogner J, Malec JF, Tang Q, Jang JH. PM R 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1002/pmrj.13122
PMID
38145314
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the benefits versus harms of amantadine in the treatment of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury. METHODS: Secondary outcome data from a randomized controlled multi-site trial of amantadine 100 mg twice daily were used to calculate Number-Needed-To-Treat (NNT). Given prior findings of positive clinician-perceived effects and low incidence of adverse events, we hypothesized low Number-Needed-To-Treat for Benefit (NNTB; high benefit) and high Number-Needed-To-Treat for Harm (NNTH; low risk) based on the clinician ratings, supporting the use of amantadine in clinical practice. Specifically, NNTB values were calculated using number of individuals with improvement on the Clinician Global Impressions-Global Improvement scale (GI). NNTB values were computed using number of individuals with worsening on the GI and experiencing serious and any adverse events. RESULTS: Based on clinician ratings, on average for every 6 patients treated with amantadine rather than placebo, 1 extra patient would be expected to improve (NNTB=6.4; 95% CI: [3.3, 76.8]). More participants in the placebo group worsened than in the amantadine group, but the result was not statistically significant (NNTH=-92.4; 95% CI: [NNTB -32.9 to -infinity to NNTH -19.2]). The amantadine and placebo groups did not differ on the numbers of adverse events experienced during the trial. CONCLUSION: Clinician ratings suggest modest benefit of amantadine 100mg twice daily with low risk to appropriately selected patients with adequate renal clearance. Thus, amantadine should be considered a treatment option for the experienced brain injury clinician. These data may support treatment decisions when a pharmaceutical agent is being considered to control irritability/aggression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778268_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:04
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en
| 0.898377
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Citation
Shenk CE, Shores KA, Ram N, Felt JM, Chimed-Ochir U, Olson AE, Fisher ZF. Child Maltreat. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, Publisher SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10775595231224472
PMID
38146950
Abstract
Contamination is a methodological phenomenon occurring in child maltreatment research when individuals in an established comparison condition have, in reality, been exposed to maltreatment during childhood. The current paper: (1) provides a conceptual and methodological introduction to contamination in child maltreatment research, (2) reviews the empirical literature demonstrating that the presence of contamination biases causal estimates in both prospective and retrospective cohort studies of child maltreatment effects, (3) outlines a dual measurement strategy for how child maltreatment researchers can address contamination, and (4) describes modern statistical methods for generating causal estimates in child maltreatment research after contamination is controlled. Our goal is to introduce the issue of contamination to researchers examining the effects of child maltreatment in an effort to improve the precision and replication of causal estimates that ultimately inform scientific and clinical decision-making as well as public policy.
Language: en
Keywords
child maltreatment; contamination; observational research; prospective; retrospective
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778281_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:11
|
en
| 0.861957
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Citation
Dunn-Gallier M. Cult. Health Sex. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI
10.1080/13691058.2023.2291395
PMID
38146738
Abstract
Discursive practices position Black women as racial, gendered, and sexual others. There remains a need to understand how Black women craft sexualities given this backdrop. This paper draws on sexual and dating advice from 30 semi-structured interviews to examine how cisgender heterosexual undergraduate women enrolled at a Historically Black College/University in the USA constructed and promoted heterosexualities. Neoliberalism, racialised risk narratives and notions of Black womanhood converge to frame how participants articulated their roles and the roles of women like them in maintaining sexual health and social status at the nexus of race and gender oppression, and in respect of aspirational Black feminine middle-class identities. Overarching messages in their peer advice revealed gender-specific expectations about sexual responsibility through self-reliance and sexual respectability through heterosexual monogamy. The present study expands sexualities research through an intersectional approach that examines the implications of racialised, gendered and classed meanings of Black sexuality and womanhood in an understudied population. FINDINGS identify peer sexual advice as a rhetorical tool that simultaneously resists and reproduces power structures.
Language: en
Keywords
gender; Black women; HBCU; Heterosexuality; peer advice
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778284_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:17
|
en
| 0.888858
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Citation
Mavroudas SR, Pavlidis P, Karakasi MV. Disasters 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1111/disa.12620
PMID
38146792
Abstract
The study aims to present an update of a forensic accounting of the numbers and demographics of migrants found deceased in the Evros region of Greece encompassing the years 2015-2022. Compared to data from 2000-2014, this update reflects the increasing number of border-related deaths in the region, as well as the changing demographic trends of the migrants who perish crossing the Greek-Turkish border. Specifically, this study documents a broadening of locations from which migrants originate, an increasing diversity of migrant death locations, and a shift in leading causes of death. This update provides an important forensic accounting of the unique humanitarian crisis occurring along the Greek-Turkish land border while also providing additional context for the global migration crisis. The data presented in this study offers insight to other forensic stakeholders impacted by the global migration crisis as to what factors contribute and detract from identification rates and can help stakeholders make informed policy decisions.
Language: en
Keywords
Greece; Europe; border crossing; Evros; Mediterranean; migrant death; migration
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778288_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:23
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en
| 0.861284
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Citation
Grüning Parache L, Vogel M, Meigen C, Kiess W, Poulain T. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s00787-023-02329-y
PMID
38147107
Abstract
The changing landscape of family structures over the last decades has led to a growing need to investigate its impact on children's well-being. This study examined differences in mental health among children from different family compositions and how these differences may be affected by familial socioeconomic status (SES). Data were collected within the LIFE Child study. Participants included 2828 children aged 3-17 years raised in traditional families, stepfamilies, or single-parent families. Mental health was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ (behavioral strengths and difficulties)) and the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire (quality of life). Linear regression analyses were applied to examine associations between family structure, SES, and mental health outcomes. Children from single-parent families exhibited worse mental health outcomes than those from traditional families across all domains of the SDQ and the KIDSCREEN-27. Children from stepfamilies showed significantly higher Total Difficulties scores (B = 1.29 and 1.42), with 3- to 10-year-olds displaying higher scores in the Hyperactivity & Inattention (B = 0.61) and Peer Relationship Problems (B = 0.36) subscales, and 11- to 17-year-olds showing higher Conduct Problems (B = 0.31), Emotional Symptoms (B = 0.58), and a worse Parent Relationship scores (B = - 1.82) than children from traditional families (all p < 0.05). After controlling for SES, several associations between family structure and mental health lost significance, while others persisted, particularly among older children. To promote mental health in non-traditional families, interventions should address socioeconomic disparities while also investigating factors contributing to the direct impact of family structure on mental well-being.Trial registration The LIFE Child study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT02550236).
Language: en
Keywords
Socioeconomic status; Family structure; Child health; Child mental health; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778291_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:30
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en
| 0.910268
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Citation
Kiefer R, Peterson R, Orchowski LM. Violence Against Women 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10778012231222492
PMID
38146200
Abstract
Studies suggest that actively fighting back against an attacker is effective in decreasing the severity and completion of a sexual assault, yet little is known about the factors that contribute to women's confidence in fighting back. Accordingly, the present study examines correlates of college women's self-efficacy in resisting unwanted sexual advances (N = 650). RESULTS suggest that fewer psychological barriers to resistance, greater sexual communication, increased use of dating self-protective behaviors, and greater sexual assertiveness were associated with increased sexual resistance self-efficacy. FINDINGS underscore the importance of developing sexual assault prevention programs that increase women's confidence in fighting back.
Language: en
Keywords
college women; resistance self-efficacy; sexual victimization
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778319_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:36
|
en
| 0.925384
|
Citation
Omelchenko MA, Zinkevich AS, Vares AY. Zh. Nevrol. Psikhiatr. Im. S. S. Korsakova 2023; 123(12): 83-92.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Media Sphera)
DOI
10.17116/jnevro202312312183
PMID
38147387
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the phenomenon of impulsivity, its components and aggression in patients at risk for schizophrenia at the stage of remission after the first depressive episode. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight male patients (mean age 19.4±2.9 years) with the first depressive episode (ICD-10 F32.1, F32.2) with attenuated positive, negative and/or disorganized symptoms were examined. According to the severity of impulsivity, the patients were divided into the clinical group (n=26) with pathological impulsivity and the comparison group (n=27) without it. The control group consisted of 41 mentally healthy young men, students of higher education of 1-3 courses, (mean age 19.7±1.6 years). HDRS, SOPS, SANS, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were used. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12 software. RESULTS: The differences between the clinical group and the comparison group were determined by the total score of the subscale of general symptoms of SOPS at admission (53 [41.75; 56] and 45.5 [41.75; 51.25], respectively) (U=187.5; p=0.037) and at discharge (28 [19; 37] and 25 [17.75; 29.25] points respectively) (U=166.5; p=0.012), according to the total HDRS score at admission (35 [31; 38] and 29 [26; 34.25]) (U=191.0; p=0.046). In the clinical group, the motor component of impulsivity and the factor of general impulsivity on the BIS-11 correlated with the severity of aggression on the BPAQ (r=0.395, p<0.05 and r=0.635, p<0.05, respectively). Significant differences were revealed in the clinical group depending on the presence of negative symptoms on the corresponding SOPS subscale according to the total BPAQ score (p=0.01). Correlation analysis showed numerous connections: positive between the total aggressiveness score and the duration of depression (p<0.05), negative between the factors of self-control, consistency, attention, and total scores on the SANS and SOPS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We identify the differences in the structure of impulsivity in patients at risk of developing schizophrenia at the stage of remission after the first depressive state, the comparison group and the control group, as well as the relationship of impulsivity factors with individual clusters of psychopathological disorders.
Language: ru
Keywords
Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Male; Health Status; Young Adult; aggression; adolescence; *Aggression; *Schizophrenia; depressive episode; early stages of mental disorders; Impulsive Behavior; impulsivity; Patients
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778322_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:42
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en
| 0.888906
|
Citation
Amarsanaa K, Kovacs M, Rácz J. Acta Psychol. 2023; 242: e104118.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104118
PMID
38150913
Abstract
Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, gender, socio-economic status, education, and ableness. The reality remains that women across diverse intersections continue to endure various forms of violence. According to a nationwide study, 30 % of women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime in Mongolia. The present research adopts an intersectional lens to comprehensively address the survival experiences of Mongolian women who had lived through intimate partner violence. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants recruited through purposive sampling, most of whom had ended a relationship involving intimate partner violence. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes among survival experiences. Although women's experiences varied, intimate partner violence confronted them with the dilemma of maintaining or going against traditional values, including family unity when seeking protection (and safety) for themselves and their children. The women's survival experiences included a combination of building a sense of community and rebuilding a sense of self, while self-contentment was achieved when the women ceased to blame themselves. This study highlights a critical shift in mindset and behavior by investigating the survival experiences of women who defy social norms, prioritizing family unity over personal well-being. Recognition of survivors' efforts to cease self-blame and seek support signifies a crucial advancement in the survival process. The findings suggest a positive trend toward self-empowerment and a willingness to access the necessary resources and support systems. From a practical standpoint, these findings advocate for strengthening current interventions that empower survivors to challenge norms, cease self-blame, and actively seek assistance.
Language: en
Keywords
Intimate partner violence; Recovery; Survival experiences
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778328_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:49
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en
| 0.935523
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Citation
Fahey KML, Cservenka A, Peltier MR, Mereish E, Dermody SS. Alcohol (Hanover) 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1111/acer.15255
PMID
38149357
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual minority women (SMW) use alcohol at higher rates and experience greater alcohol-related harms compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Evidence from observational studies suggests minority stress (i.e., stress experienced due to marginalization in society) is an important risk factor among SMW, yet there is a lack of experimental evidence to establish the direct causal role of minority stress on their alcohol use. The current pilot study adapted the preexisting personalized guided stress induction paradigm to examine how minority stress is related to stress response (assessed via subjective measures and salivary cortisol) and mechanisms of alcohol use (craving, demand, and risky decision-making) in SMW. METHODS: Using a within-subjects design (N = 8) cisgender SMW who endorsed high-risk drinking (>1 heavy drinking episode in the past 30 days) completed three study visits: a script development session and two in-person imagery induction appointments (minority stress and neutral). RESULTS: The paradigm significantly increased subjective stress response (g = 1.32). Data supported the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of using the paradigm with SMW. While the paradigm did not significantly change scores on minority stress and alcohol outcomes measures, effect sizes for craving and minority stress outcomes were in the small-to-medium range (gs = 0.24 to 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The adapted minority stress paradigm appears to be feasible and appropriate for use with SMW to induce stress in laboratory settings. Future research can use this paradigm to understand causal effects of minority stress on alcohol use and related outcomes.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778330_20
| 2024-01-01T21:19:55
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en
| 0.892936
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Citation
Lyons N, Bhagwandeen B. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e49427.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Curēus)
DOI
10.7759/cureus.49427
PMID
38149146
PMCID
PMC10750443
Abstract
For countries with a high prevalence of HIV such as in the Caribbean, intimate partner violence (IPV) may increase the chances for acquiring HIV infection. Using secondary data, we compared findings from studies conducted in five Caribbean countries measuring the prevalence of gender-based violence among women in Grenada, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. The Social-Ecological Framework was used to categorize women's dual risk for intimate partner violence and HIV. We found that younger age, lower education, childhood experiences of abuse, income dependency, controlling behaviors of partners, non-disclosure of violence, and early sexual experiences were associated with intimate partner violence. These factors also predispose women in the Caribbean to HIV infection. The Social-Ecological Framework is applicable to understanding the drivers of intimate partner violence and HIV infection at multiple levels and for the design and promotion of combined prevention interventions. Our study also demonstrated the applicability of the Social-Ecological Framework as an analytical and predictive model underscoring the need for increased coordination across multiple actors to strengthen advocacy, given the pervasiveness of harmful social norms and gender inequalities which undermine IPV and HIV control efforts.
Language: en
Keywords
caribbean; gbv prevention; gender-based violence; hiv prevention; social -ecological framework; women
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778339_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:02
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en
| 0.895196
|
Citation
Akram S, Sah Swarnakar A, Lodeiro M, Jalil A, Majeed A, Mukhtar F, Akram F. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e49440.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Curēus)
DOI
10.7759/cureus.49440
PMID
38149167
PMCID
PMC10750845
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study explores the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic-related social distancing measures on the incidence of inpatient aggression at a public psychiatric hospital Methods: Data was gathered from the hospital's unusual incident (UI) database for the time period ranging from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Based on the implementation of major social distancing measures, March 6, 2020, was set as a cutoff time point to categorize aggressive events into pre-COVID and post-COVID groups. Data was analyzed using Chi-square tests and general linear modeling. The p-value was set at ≤0.05. RESULTS: After the implementation of social distancing measures, there was a decrease in the absolute number of inpatient aggressive events from 15.0/week to 12.6/week (mean difference: 2.4/week, p=0.032). However, this decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in hospital census. There was a decrease in the proportion of seven-day and 14-day post-admission aggressive events by 5.4% and 12.1%, respectively. Concurrently, there was a 4.9% increase in recurrent aggression. Emergency psychiatric medication administration and the use of physical restraint decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Consistent with previous results, this study reports a decrease in the incidence of inpatient aggression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing measures can be utilized as a tool to decrease the incidence of inpatient aggression and the use of physical restraints.
Language: en
Keywords
social distancing; covid-19; inpatient aggression; physical restraints; state psychiatric hospital
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778340_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:08
|
en
| 0.922362
|
Citation
Salvador-Oscco E, Santander-Cahuantico AC, Fernandez-Guzman D, Bendezu-Quispe G. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/00207640231216357
PMID
38149362
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with non-help-seeking in victims of physical or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in Peru. METHODS: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of 3-year data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. The sample comprised women aged 18 to 49 who had experienced physical or sexual IPV at some time in their lives. The dependent variable was non-help-seeking after suffering physical or sexual IPV. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the factors associated with non-help-seeking. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out in which only women who suffered physical or sexual IPV in the last year were considered. RESULTS: Data from 15,265 female victims of physical or sexual IPV were analyzed. It was found that 57.4% did not seek help after suffering physical or sexual IPV. The main reasons for non-help-seeking included thinking it was unnecessary (42.3%) and embarrassment (14.9%). Age between 30 and 49 years old (PRa:1.15; 95%CI [1.06, 1.25]) and residing in a rural area (PRa:1.07; 95%CI [1.00, 1.13]) were associated with a higher probability of non-help-seeking. On the other hand, having a secondary education level (PRa:0.91; 95% CI [0.86, 0.97]) or higher (PRa:0.90; 95%CI [0.82, 0.99]), having a partner who drinks alcohol (PRa:0.94; 95%CI [0.89, 0.99]), having experienced physical or sexual IPV during a pregnancy (PRa:0.87; 95%CI [0.80, 0.94]), and having experienced moderate (PRa:0.81; 95%CI [0.76, 0.86]), or severe physical or sexual IPV (PRa:0.74; 95%CI [0.67, 0.82]), were associated with a lower probability of non-help-seeking. These associations were consistent in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: Half of the women who experience physical or sexual IPV do not seek help. There are sociodemographic factors related to this non-seeking of help that are useful for identifying and prioritizing interventions to reduce IPV and improve the health status of women.
Language: en
Keywords
intimate partner violence; Domestic violence; help-seeking behavior; Peru; physical abuse
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778350_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:14
|
en
| 0.94154
|
Citation
Alers-Rojas F, Ceballo R, Cranford JA, Esqueda AP, Troncoso SC. J. Adolesc. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1002/jad.12290
PMID
38149771
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to community violence (ECV) continues to be a major public health problem among urban adolescents in the United States. We sought to identify subgroups of adolescents' ECV and examine how after-school activities are related to exposure subgroups across two samples. METHODS: In Study 1 there were 1432 adolescents (Cohort 9 n = 717, M(age) = 11, and Cohort 12 n = 715, M(age) = 14; 52% boys) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (1994-2002). Study 2 had a more recent sample of 537 adolescents (M(age) = 16 years; 54% girls) from the After-School Activity Study (ASAS; 2015-2017) in Chicago and Detroit. RESULTS: Exploratory latent class analyses yielded a three-class solution for Study 1: a "No ECV" class (44%); a "Low ECV" class (36%); and a "High Exposure" class (14%). In Study 2, a four-class solution was the best fit with a "No ECV" class (33%), a "Moderate Witness/Low Victim" class (36%), a "High Witness/Moderate Victim" class (19%), and a "High ECV" class (11%). Home-based activities appeared to be protective against high ECV for adolescents in Study 2. School-based activities were associated with higher ECV across both samples, but community-based activities were only associated with greater violence exposure in Study 1. Adolescents' unstructured socializing in both studies was associated with higher odds of ECV. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that subgroups of adolescents can be identified based on ECV and highlight the complexity of after-school activities as risk and protective factors in both past and more recent contexts.
Language: en
Keywords
adolescence; after-school activities; community violence
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778351_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:21
|
en
| 0.927535
|
Citation
Miles LW, Valentine JL, Mabey LJ, Hopkins ES, Stodtmeister PJ, Rockwood RB, Moxley ANH. J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurs. Assoc. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Publisher SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10783903231216138
PMID
38148646
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual assault (SA) is a serious crime that is a prevalent mental and public health problem. AIMS: Addressing the needs of SA victims and providing appropriate treatment are essential to reduce potential adverse short- and long-term outcomes. METHODS: Our team undertook an extensive systematic literature review (published between January 2006 and July 2021) to provide evidence-based mental health intervention recommendations for adolescent and adult victims of SA. Where SA-specific research was limited, the literature and clinical practice guidelines on treatments for trauma-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were reviewed to provide additional information to formulate recommendations. RESULTS: Findings strongly support several primary psychotherapy treatments: cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, narrative exposure therapy, and prolonged exposure therapy. Complementary (aerobic exercise, art, drama, and music therapy) and pharmacological treatments were explored. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health nurses who provide services for victims of SA can utilize this overview to guide recommendations for treatment of SA trauma and related PTSD symptoms to mitigate the short- and long-term negative impacts after a traumatic event. When victims of SA receive optimal mental health treatments, our communities benefit as victims heal and recover.
Language: en
Keywords
systematic review; rape; evidence-based treatments; mental health treatments; practice recommendations; sexual assault
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778352_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:27
|
en
| 0.896242
|
Citation
Avalos S. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231220014
PMID
38149587
Abstract
Recently, the media's coverage of trans homicides has increased in the U.S. Studies show that the news media's framing has been largely negative but has improved in recent times. Yet, research has mostly analyzed the news media's framing of victims who were trans women, thus limiting our understanding of this issue across different trans groups. The present study employs a mixed method approach to comparatively analyze articles (N = 124) published in online news media outlets of 15 trans men and 15 trans women murdered between 2016 and 2022. The findings indicate news media outlets used more positive and neutral frames than negative for both groups. However, when compared to trans women, trans men were delegitimized at higher rates. These findings highlight the ways that the police, news media, family, friends, and community members simultaneously contribute to the humanization and delegitimization of trans victims of homicide, demonstrating the importance of ensuring all information released about the victims correctly reflects who they were, or the cycle of delegitimization will continue. By studying how the news media frames trans homicide victims, we can look at how the media shapes cultural beliefs and ideologies about trans people, the role of language in reinforcing stereotypes, and the implications of these framings for trans people.
Language: en
Keywords
homicide; content analysis; crime victims; news coverage; transgender
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778355_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:33
|
en
| 0.907233
|
Citation
Nobels A, De Schrijver L, Van Landuyt M, Vandeviver C, Lemmens GMD, Beaulieu M, Keygnaert I. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231220017
PMID
38149594
Abstract
Sexual violence is considered a prominent mental health problem. Exposure to sexual victimization during lifetime has been linked to mental health problems in old age. Research in adult victims has shown that they experience many barriers for disclosure and seeking professional help upon sexual victimization. However, information on help-seeking behavior in older victims of sexual violence is non-existent. With this study we aim for a better understanding of help-seeking behavior upon sexual violence in older adults. We used a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews with a random sample of 227 sexual violence victims of 70 years and older living in Belgium. Quantitative data were triangulated with qualitative data from 15 in-depth interviews with older victims. We found that up to 60% of older sexual violence victims never disclosed their experiences and 94% never sought professional help. Help-seeking is a complex process comprising several phases, which are affected by strong feelings of shame and self-blame, ageist premises and taboos about sexuality. In the end, most victims choose to cope on their own. Occasional disclosure only happens decades after the sexual violence took place. Older victims do not spontaneously disclose to healthcare workers but expect professionals to initiate the conversation. In conclusion, few older victims disclose or seek professional help upon sexual victimization. Healthcare professionals working with older adults need capacity building through training, screening tools, and care procedures to initiate conversation on sexual violence, and to detect signs, prevent, mitigate and respond to sexual victimization in older adults.
Language: en
Keywords
mental health; sexual assault; ageism; elder abuse and neglect; sexual abuse; sexual health
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778356_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:40
|
en
| 0.927598
|
Citation
Zhou J, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Zeng Y, Liu Q, Tan S, Gang H. Nurse Educ. Today 2023; 133: e106090.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106090
PMID
38150777
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of bullying among nursing students during clinical practice and identify associated factors. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEW METHODS AND DATA SOURCES: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across ten databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet, and WANFANG) from their inception to January 3, 2023. Two researchers independently screened potentially eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Data were analyzed using random-effects or fixed-effects models. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored the influence of participant and study characteristics on bullying prevalence. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS: We included 28 studies (N = 9511) from 13 countries on five continents. The pooled estimate of bullying prevalence among nursing students during clinical practice was 65.60 % (95 % CI 55. 75 to 74.27), with no evidence of publication bias (t = 1.51, p-value = 0.14). Subgroup and moderator analyses highlighted the impact of country, continent, publication year, and assessment tool on bullying prevalence. CONCLUSION: Nursing students face a high prevalence of bullying during clinical practice. Addressing this issue in nursing education requires prioritizing associated factors, fostering a culture of safety, providing effective training, and promoting individual resilience. These actions can prevent and mitigate bullying, creating a supportive and empowering learning environment for future nurses.
Language: en
Keywords
Prevalence; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Bullying; Nursing students
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778363_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:46
|
en
| 0.882885
|
Citation
Meadows J, Mansour A, Gatto MR, Li A, Howard A, Bentley R. Psychiatry Res. 2023; 332: e115678.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115678
PMID
38150812
Abstract
RATIONALE: Across countries, extreme heat events are projected to increase in frequency and intensity because of climate change. Exposure to extreme heat events can have a substantial negative impact on human health, and extant research suggests that individuals with mental illness are particularly vulnerable. To date, there has been no review of evidence regarding this vulnerability to inform response strategies and future research. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review was undertaken to investigate mental illness as an effect modifier of the relationship between heat exposure and morbidity or mortality. METHODS: Six databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Scopus) were searched for studies published between the years 2000 to 2022. Twenty-two observational studies that met the inclusion criteria were investigated through narrative synthesis. The RoBANS tool, ROBIS and GRADE were used to assess the certainty of evidence including the risk of bias. RESULTS: Individuals with mental illness experience worse morbidity and mortality outcomes compared to their counterparts without mental illness in all studies investigating high temperature over a single day. This did not hold for studies examining heatwaves, which reported mixed findings. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: People with diagnosed mental illness should be targeted for policy and service attention during high temperature days. Further research should investigate specific mental illness and adjust for a wider range of confounding factors.
Language: en
Keywords
Systematic review; Mental health; Heatwaves
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778372_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:52
|
en
| 0.919205
|
Citation
Yue M, Shen J. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2023; 35(12): 1233-1240.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Zhonghua yi xue za zhi)
DOI
10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20230717-00528
PMID
38149382
Abstract
Phosgene is not only a dangerous asphyxiating chemical warfare agent, but also an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in chemical production. According to statistics, there are more than 1 000 phosgene production enterprises in China, with an annual production volume of more than 3 million tons and hundreds of thousands of employees. Therefore, once the leakage accident occurs during production, storage and transportation, it often causes a large number of casualties. In the past 20 years, phosgene poisoning accidents in China have occurred from time to time, and due to the weak irritation, high density, and high concentration of phosgene at the scene of the accident, it often results in acute high-concentration inhalation of the exposed, triggering acute lung injury (ALI), and is very likely to progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a mortality rate up to 40%-50%. In view of the characteristics of sudden, mass, concealed, rapid and highly fatal phosgene, and the mechanism of its toxicity and pathogenicity is still not clear, there is no effective treatment and standardized guidance for the sudden group phosgene poisoning. In order to improve the efficiency of clinical treatment and reduce the mortality, this paper has summarized the pathophysiological mechanism of phosgene poisoning, clinical manifestations, on-site treatment, research progress, and innovative clinical therapies by combining the extensive basic research on phosgene over the years with the abundant experience in the on-site treatment of sudden mass phosgene poisoning. This consensus aims to provide guidance for the clinical rescue and treatment of patients with sudden mass phosgene poisoning, and to improve the level of treatment.
Language: zh
Keywords
Humans; Treatment Outcome; *Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy; *Chemical Warfare Agents; *Phosgene; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778380_20
| 2024-01-01T21:20:59
|
en
| 0.915117
|
Citation
Saleem MW, Singh D, Fauzia T, Rashid A, Hashmat S, Alam SA. Pak. J. Med. Health Sci. 2023; 17(6): 445.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Lahore Medical and Dental College)
DOI
10.53350/pjmhs2023176445
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
AIM: To determine the causes of death on exhumation in three divisions of Sindh, Pakistan Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Chandka Medical College, Larkana Methods: 131 exhumations carried over 1 year were included in the study. In accordance with protocol, the graves were first identified and body was removed from it. Routine autopsy was carried out. Written consent for obtaining data was taken from the relatives present and a standard proforma was used to note findings. Samples for histopathology were also taken and cause of death was evaluated. After taking relevant information, the bodies were buried in accordance with the religious and cultural norms of the relatives. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Males were more commonly exhumed. 21-40 years age group was most commonly involved. Most exhumations were carried out in Larkana. Most common weapon used was forced blunt trauma. Almost all bodies were at different stages of decomposition. We then observed the type of weapon/medium used. All 131 cases were of unnatural death. We observed that the most common weapon used was a hard blunt object (n=41; 31.29%), water causing drowning (n=34; 25.95%), sharp forced trauma (n=21; 16.03%) and strangulation (n=19:14.50%) were commonly used. Whereas, the least commonly used were firearms (n=16; 12.21%). According to our observation, 57.25% (n=75) were partially decomposed, 40.45% (n=53) had advanced decomposition whereas 2.29% (n=3) had no decomposition at all. Practical Implication: Analysis of exhumations is crucial for uncovering forensic evidence, resolving criminal cases, and providing closure to families. It helps ascertain causes of death, identify potential foul play, and contribute to the justice system's integrity. Additionally, exhumation analysis aids in refining investigative techniques and advancing forensic science. Conclusion: We recommend exhumation when required be carried out in females as well. We also recommend early exhumation in cases of suspected foul-play. Our data may help in future planning of policies regarding exhumation. Keywords: Exhumation; 3 Divisions of Sindh; Decomposition, Causes of Death, Drowning, Firearm Injuries, Weapon
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778382_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:05
|
en
| 0.961932
|
Citation
Debinski B, Jones V, Dahm C, Bowie J, Gielen A, Kennedy C. Soc. Work Christ. 2023; 50(3): 239-262.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, North American Association of Christians in Social Work)
DOI
10.34043/swc.v50i3.316
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are potential partners in the response to intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have reported on such work in practice. We sought to describe implementation of IPV prevention and response in one U.S. Catholic diocese, and to analyze how activities aligned with the best evidence available per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's IPV technical package. We conducted sixteen key informant interviews with leaders from Archdiocese of Chicago Domestic Violence Outreach Ministry (ACDVO). Through analysis of interview transcripts, we found that ministry activities mapped onto three recommended strategies: to create protective environments, support survivors to promote safety and lessen harms, and teach safe and healthy relationship skills. The work of ACDVO also demonstrates that FBOs should consider more directly engaging congregation members in their IPV response. Social workers and other health professionals could support FBOs in intervention development and in evaluation for improvement and sustainability.
Language: en
Keywords
community engagement; faith-based organizations; health promotion; interventions; intimate partner violence; ministry; qualitative
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778383_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:12
|
en
| 0.898645
|
Citation
Jeong K, Kim H, Min S, Yoon YW, Cho Y, Park CH, Ryu TI, Hwang SR, Namgoong SK. Anal. Chem. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Chemical Society)
DOI
10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03647
PMID
38153912
Abstract
In the event of a chemical attack, the rapid identification of unknown chemical agents is critical for an effective emergency response and treatment of victims. However, identifying unknown compounds is difficult, particularly when relying on traditional methods such as gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS). In this study, we developed a density functional theory and spectroscopy integrated identification method (D-SIIM) for the possible detection of unknown or unidentified terrorist materials, specifically chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The D-SIIM uses a combination of GC-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculation-based NMR/IR predictions to identify potential CWA candidates based on their chemical signatures. Using D-SIIM, we successfully verified the presence of blister and nerve agent simulants in samples by excluding other compounds (ethyl propyl sulfide and methylphosphonic acid), which were predicted to be candidates with high probability by GC-MS. The findings of this study demonstrate that the D-SIIM can detect substances that are likely present in CWA mixtures and can be used to identify unknown terrorist chemicals.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778389_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:18
|
en
| 0.865859
|
Citation
Ji L. Child Abuse Negl. 2023; 149: e106607.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106607
PMID
38154376
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) has been identified as a distal risk factor for later depression in adolescents. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms between CEA and adolescent depression are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the roles of rumination and resilience played in the association between CEA and depression among Chinese adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The sample included 919 students (52.56 % boys) with an average age of 13.47 years from a central province in China. METHODS: Participants completed multiple measurements of CEA, rumination, resilience, and depression. Multivariate path analysis was applied to examine the relations among these variables. RESULTS: Results showed (a) CEA was significantly positively related to adolescent depression; (b) Rumination partially mediated the relationship between CEA and depression and moderated the relationship between resilience and depression; (c) Resilience partially mediated the relationship between CEA and depression and moderated the relationship between rumination and depression. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that both rumination and resilience played not only mediating but also moderating roles in the relationship between CEA and depression among Chinese adolescent sample, suggesting that the indirect effects of CEA on depression via resilience and rumination are dependent on each other. Hence, these findings deepened the understanding of the psychological mechanisms between CEA and depression and had several practical implications.
Language: en
Keywords
Depression; Resilience; Childhood emotional abuse; Rumination
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778397_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:24
|
en
| 0.934674
|
Citation
Thompson K, Svendsen S. Clin. Pediatr. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/00099228231219119
PMID
38153048
Abstract
Limited data are available on cases presenting for triage by child abuse specialists, particularly data combining patient demographics with presenting concerns and outcomes. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of cases presenting to one child abuse medical subspecialty team. Data were collected for all referrals triaged by the Child Protection Program, a child abuse team located within an academic children's medical center. The program triaged a total of 928 cases and completed 345 in-person visits with a medical provider. Nearly, half of all provider visits were for evaluation of children aged 3 years and younger (51%) and for a concern of physical abuse (49%). Of these visits, 26% were determined to be consistent with an accident or medical condition. This descriptive analysis highlights the burden of child abuse cases presenting to one small hospital-based child abuse program, as well as the structural and financial challenges faced by these programs.
Language: en
Keywords
child maltreatment; child abuse; child protection; physical abuse; sexual abuse; neglect
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778400_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:31
|
en
| 0.93116
|
Citation
Carr HR, Hall JE, Brandt VC. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s00787-023-02335-0
PMID
38153523
Abstract
Childhood conduct problems and head injuries share a bidirectional association, but how this affects the risk of adolescent delinquency is unknown. Due to their similar underlying mechanisms (i.e. increased impulsivity), this study aims to identify whether their co-occurrence increases the risk of adolescent delinquency. Data was obtained from 11,272 children at age 14 and 10,244 at age 17 years enrolled in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Conduct problem symptoms (via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and head injuries were parent reported from ages 3 to 14 years. Delinquency was self-reported at ages 14 and 17 including substance use, criminality, and antisocial behaviour. Incident rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for delinquency at ages 14 and 17 by childhood conduct problem and head injury status. Co-occurring head injuries and high conduct problem symptoms presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency and substance use at age 14 compared to those with the presence of one or neither (IRRs from 1.20 to 1.60). At age 17, conduct problems (with or without co-occurring head injuries) presented the greatest risk for overall delinquency, substance use, and antisocial behaviour. There was no evidence for an increased risk of delinquency at ages 14 or 17 following a head injury only. Whilst these findings suggest childhood head injuries alone do not increase the risk of adolescent delinquency, when co-occurring alongside high conduct problem symptoms there is a heightened earlier risk. These results provide further insight into adolescent delinquency and the outcomes of co-occurring childhood head injury and conduct problem symptoms.
Language: en
Keywords
Delinquency; Adolescence; Conduct problems; Developmental psychopathology; Head injury
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778407_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:33
|
en
| 0.936365
|
Citation
Prakash J, Erickson TB, MacGibbon M, Stoklosa H. Front. Sociol. 2023; 8: e1244579.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Frontiers Media)
DOI
10.3389/fsoc.2023.1244579
PMID
38152460
PMCID
PMC10751904
Abstract
Labor trafficking in marijuana production remains a concealed epidemic within the expanding cannabis industry. This abstract brings attention to the systemic exploitation of vulnerable individuals engaged in cultivating, harvesting, and processing cannabis. It explores the factors contributing to labor trafficking, including demand for cheap labor, inadequate regulation, and the vulnerability of the workforce. By compiling published cases, both in peer-reviewed literature and the media, this perspective piece investigates the extent of health issues experienced by labor-trafficked victims. These include chronic pain from repetitive tasks, respiratory problems due to exposure to pesticides and other toxic substances, musculoskeletal injuries, malnutrition, and mental health disorders stemming from trauma and extreme stress. Additionally, this perspective article examines the factors contributing to poor health outcomes of labor-trafficked victims, including hazardous working conditions, lack of access to healthcare, and physical and psychological abuse. Addressing the health challenges faced by labor-trafficked victims in the cannabis industry requires multidimensional solutions: awareness among healthcare providers, comprehensive medical services, and mental health support. Furthermore, collaborative efforts among government agencies, healthcare providers, labor organizations, and the cannabis industry are essential in preventing trafficking and addressing the health disparities faced by labor-trafficked victims. Keywords: Human trafficking;
Language: en
Keywords
cannabis; human trafficking; forced labor; labor trafficking; occupational health
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778411_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:40
|
en
| 0.864552
|
Citation
Greenglass E, Begic P, Buchwald P, Karkkola P, Hintsa T. Int. J. Psychol. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, International Union of Psychological Science, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1002/ijop.13099
PMID
38152950
Abstract
On 24 February 2022, Russia attacked Ukraine. Millions of people tuned into social media to watch the war. Media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence can precipitate anxiety resulting in intrusive thoughts. This research investigates factors related to anxiety while watching the war. Since the war began during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, threat from COVID-19 is seen as a predictor of anxiety when watching the war. A theoretical model is put forward where the outcome was anxiety when watching the war, and predictors were self-reported interference of watching the war with one's studies or work, gender, worry about the war, self-efficacy and coronavirus threat. Data were collected online with independent samples of university students from two European countries close to Ukraine, Germany (n = 348) and Finland (n = 228), who filled out an anonymous questionnaire. Path analysis was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS showed that the model was an acceptable fit to the data in each sample, and standardised regression coefficients indicated that anxiety, when watching the war, increased with interference, war worry and coronavirus threat, and decreased with self-efficacy. Women reported more anxiety when watching the war than men. Implications of the results are discussed.
Language: en
Keywords
Anxiety; COVID-19; Self-efficacy; Watching the war
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778417_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:46
|
en
| 0.923104
|
Citation
Maayan L, Maayan M. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2023; 169: 364-377.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.025
PMID
38154266
Abstract
Early adverse experience is related to psychiatric illness that occurs decades later. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully identified. There is a translational and clinical literature linking early adversity with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and inflammation. We reviewed articles that examine whether inflammation mediates this relationship. METHODS: Literature review of PUB MED, CINAHL and APA Psycinfo articles that explicitly examine inflammation as a mediator between early adversity and depression using ((((((((((adversity) OR (trauma)) OR (maltreatment)) OR (child abuse)) AND (inflammation)) OR (inflammatory cytokines)) OR (crp)) OR (il-6)) OR (tnf)) AND (mediates)) AND (depression))))))))) as key words. RESULTS: 2842 articles were initially identified. 1338 non-human studies were excluded and 512 more were filtered out as reviews. The remaining 992 titles and, when necessary, abstracts and manuscripts were reviewed and 956 were removed as being of other non-related phenomena. Four additional studies were added by hand searching the references of remaining studies. Out of these 40, 15 explicitly examined inflammation as a mediator of the relationship between early adversity and later depression. Approximately half (8/15) showed evidence that inflammation mediated the relationship between early adversity and depression. Sensitivity analyses showed that studies taking place in clinical populations, in youth and those that used the Adverse Childhood Events Scale to measure adversity, and IL-6 and TNF-α (as opposed to CRP) to measure inflammation were most likely to show mediation. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the model of inflammation mediating the relationship between early adversity and depression. Certain measures in clinical populations appear more likely to support this model. Further study with more standardized, robust methods will help to answer this question more definitively and may elucidate a subtype of depression related to early adversity by alterations in immune function.
Language: en
Keywords
Depression; Inflammation; ACE; Adversity; Cytokine; Mediation
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778432_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:52
|
en
| 0.95121
|
Citation
Sartori A, Tiberio M, Gottardo R, Del Balzo G, Vermiglio E, Raniero D, De Leo D. Leg. Med. (Elsevier) 2023; 67: e102375.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Japanese Society of Legal Medicine, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102375
PMID
38154312
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant concern in forensic medicine, as it often presents unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, investigation, and determination of the cause of death. CO is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that can be lethal when inhaled in high concentrations. It binds strongly to haemoglobin, forming carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue hypoxia and ultimately death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Circumstantial data, medical history information, autopsy findings, and toxicological analysis results related to 24 CO poisoning cases at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Verona were collected and analysed. The data were examined in an integrated manner to identify correlations and common patterns. A comparison was also made with the data available in the literature. RESULTS: The male gender was confirmed to be the most frequently involved. COHb levels were found to be less than 50% in 6 cases. Three individuals had concurrent cardiovascular pathologies, while 11 subjects tested positive for various substances, including alcohol, benzodiazepines, and morphine. In most cases, the manner of fatal intoxication was accidental, although 6 suicides and 1 homicide are reported. CONCLUSIONS: The Verona case series demonstrates that deaths due to CO poisoning require a multidisciplinary approach. The integration of diverse expertise is essential for assessing the manner of death. This approach enables a comprehensive evaluation of the available data, aids in distinguishing between accidental, suicidal, and homicidal deaths, and ensures accurate and reliable forensic conclusions.
Language: en
Keywords
Death; Retrospective study; Carbon monoxide; Carboxyhaemoglobin; Multidisciplinary approach
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778439_20
| 2024-01-01T21:21:59
|
en
| 0.900135
|
Citation
Lorenzoni M, Baldisser F, Del Balzo G, Raniero D, Ausania F. Leg. Med. (Elsevier) 2023; 67: e102378.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Japanese Society of Legal Medicine, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102378
PMID
38154313
Abstract
Vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation is an extremely rare suicide method. We report a case of a 43-year-old man who secured one end of a nylon rope to a tree and the other end around his neck, then got inside his vehicle and stepped on the gas, leading to an incomplete decapitation. A sharply demarcated encircling ligature mark was found upon external examination, along with a deep laceration in the anterior region of the neck. The severance plane passed between the third and fourth cervical vertebrae, with diffuse haemorrhagic infiltration of the cervical muscles, in accordance with autopsy findings reported in the literature. The lung histological examination described a large amount of red blood cells and pulmonary oedema. A review of the literature concerning suicidal vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation cases allowed us to investigate some common autopsy findings, as well as the rope features relevant to the beheading.
Language: en
Keywords
Suicide; Cervical spine; Decapitation; Ligature mark; Rope; Vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778440_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:05
|
en
| 0.86923
|
Citation
Simonit F, Da Broi U, Giudici F, Sciarappa OE, Innocenti D, Desinan L. Leg. Med. (Elsevier) 2023; 67: e102372.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Japanese Society of Legal Medicine, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102372
PMID
38154314
Abstract
The determination of the cause and manner of death can be particularly difficult in burned and charred bodies and autopsy remains a key element in the investigation. In this study, 39 autopsy records of fire deaths were reviewed in relation to the manner of death (25 accidents, 8 suicides, 3 homicides and 3 instances in which the manner of death remained undetermined). The analysis focused on the study of the burns, the degree to which the bodies were consumed by fire and the evidence of signs of vital exposure to fire and of non-fire-related injuries. Total surface body area (TBSA) was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.02) in suicides than in accidents. Moreover, the degree of destruction according to the Crow-Glassman Scale and the presence of a pugilistic posture tended to be higher in suicides compared to accidental deaths, whereas such parameters were found to be variable in homicides. With regard to the anatomical distribution of burns, in contrast with the literature, the feet were affected by burning in all suicides, with a significantly higher prevalence than in accidents (p < 0.01). Traumatic non-fire related injuries were noted in all homicides (with no signs of vital exposure to fire), 1 complicated suicide, 1 undetermined death and 13 accidents. We found that very few studies have focused on the analysis of burn distribution and extension according to manner of death and that there is currently no standardised anatomical model with which to study these variables for forensic purposes.
Language: en
Keywords
Autopsy; Manner of death; Burned body; Charred body; Fire-death; Forensic pathology
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778441_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:12
|
en
| 0.938512
|
Citation
Albert Torchyan A, Houkes I, Bosma H. Prev. Med. Rep. 2024; 37: e102540.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2024, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102540
PMID
38152835
PMCID
PMC10750175
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescent bullying is a major public health concern in post-Communist countries of Europe (PCCE). We studied the impact of income inequality on the prevalence of and socioeconomic differences in bullying perpetration. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 11-15 years from 14 PCCE participating in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey during 2017-18 years were included. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS: Overall, 71,119 adolescents participated in the survey. About 27.7 % of country differences in bullying perpetration were attributable to high income inequality. Adolescents with low and high family socioeconomic status (SES) had a 10-15 % greater risk (P < 0.05) of bullying perpetration compared to middle-SES adolescents. In cross-level interaction, the risk of bullying perpetration was the highest among high-SES adolescents from countries with wider income inequality (P-interaction = 0.003). The odds ratios of bullying perpetration comparing high- vs. low-SES adolescents ranged from 0.67 in the least unequal to 1.59 in the most unequal countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high income inequality might contribute to school bullying among adolescents in PCCE, particularly those from high-SES families. The necessary political and economic interventions should focus on improving the country socioeconomic environment in PCCE. Moving towards less neoliberal policies and creating a strong welfare state that promotes the population's economic and social well-being and reduces income inequality might be a necessary component of macro-level strategies aimed at preventing bullying among adolescents. Targeted public health interventions might be required for high-SES adolescents in countries with wide income inequality.
Language: en
Keywords
Adolescent; Socioeconomic status; Bullying; Golden youth; HBSC; Income inequality; Neoliberal; Post-Communist countries of Europe
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778445_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:18
|
en
| 0.918826
|
Citation
Otroshchenko NP. Probl. Radiac. Med. Radiobiol. 2023; 28: 75-92.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Проблеми радіаційної медицини)
DOI
10.33145/2304-8336-2023-28-75-92
PMID
38155116
Abstract
The relevance of the work is due to the significant increase in depression with cognitive disorders (CD) worldwide, and in Ukraine in particular, in victims of emergencies situations (ES), and the importance, but insufficient development of clinical and psychopathological aspects of medical and psychological-psychiatric care for this contingent of people. Despite the modern achievements of psychiatry in the study of depression in ES, an important problem is CD, which worsen the quality of life of patients, increase the risk of relapse, progressive course, and suicidal behavior. In order to improve the level of psychological and psychiatric care for depressed patients with CD in post-stress disorders by radiation accidents, the COVID-19 pandemic, and wars, the study of domestic and foreign literature on these disorders, which have both common features and certain differences, was conducted.CONCLUSIONS. The study confirms the significant prevalence of depression with CD in victims of radiation accidents, the COVID-19 pandemic, and wars, the insufficient development of clinical and psychopathological aspects and theneed for further study of this problem, as well as the creation of state measures of psychological and psychiatric care for these patients.
Language: uk
Keywords
depression; COVID-19 pandemic; treatment; clinical and psychopathological features; cognitive disorders; diagnosis; psychological and psychiatric care; radiation accidents; wars
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778446_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:24
|
en
| 0.883364
|
Citation
Zhang M, Jiang Z, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Xu M, Xu X. Psych. J. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1002/pchj.717
PMID
38151799
Abstract
The effects of the interaction between polygenes and the parent-child relationship on junior high school students' aggressive behaviors were explored through the frameworks of gene-endophenotype-behavior and neurophysiological basis. A total of 892 junior high school students participated in this study. They were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires, and saliva samples were collected. RESULTS showed that 5-HTTLPR, MAOA-uVNTR, COMT (rs4680), and Taq1 (rs1800497) of the DRD2 gene affected students' aggressive behaviors in an accumulative way. The polygenic risk score explained 3.4% of boys' aggression and 1.1% of girls' aggression. The interactions between polygenic risk score and parent-child conflict significantly affected the aggressive behaviors of male students, but did not show any significant effect on those of female students. The interactional effect of polygenic risk score and parent-child conflict on junior high school students' aggressive behaviors was completely mediated by frustration. However, the interaction effect of polygenic risk score and parent-child affinity on aggression was not affected by frustration. This study helps us better understand junior high school students' aggressive behaviors and promotes the prevention and correction of adolescents' problem behaviors.
Language: en
Keywords
aggressive behaviors; frustration; junior high school students; parent-child relationship; polygenic risk score
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778448_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:31
|
en
| 0.922069
|
Citation
Lindegren S. Sex. Abuse 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10790632231224380
PMID
38154817
Abstract
Many convicted individuals do not enter or complete treatment programs in prisons, which limits effective rehabilitation and prevention of recidivism. Treatment readiness is suggested to be an important construct when addressing this problem. Nevertheless, the underlying processes (e.g., how readiness factors interact) are not well studied, and even less is known regarding readiness in the sub-population of individuals convicted of sexual offenses. This paper aims to open up the "black box" and explore psychosocial and context-specific processes behind treatment readiness from the vantage point of the individuals' lived experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 adult men convicted of sexual offenses in Swedish prisons, treatment participants (N = 13) as well as non-participants (N = 6). The thematic analysis illustrates readiness obstacles in terms of unintended antagonistic forces in the correctional system operating in the opposite direction of rehabilitative objectives. Nonetheless, a hypothesized relational mechanism, looping disruption, initiated by a non-punitive and supportive response (from prison staff, therapists, close ones, or inmates) to the convicted individual's negative behaviors or emotions, appeared to reverse such negative, punitive loops, contributing to the mobilization of treatment readiness. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.
Language: en
Keywords
looping disruption; motivation; sexual offender treatment; total institution; treatment readiness
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778457_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:37
|
en
| 0.909734
|
Citation
Del Pozo B. Stud. Conflict Terrorism 2023; 46(11): 2351-2362.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI
10.1080/1057610X.2021.1906483
PMID
38152551
PMCID
PMC10750963
Abstract
In the pursuit of security, state actors presume a linear relationship between the lethality and complexity of various means of attack. They deploy resources and research programs to overcome the inherent or "analytic" complexity of increasingly lethal means of their own (think of programs to develop nuclear weapons and other highly lethal munitions), and they impose security, legal and regulatory regimes to increase the imposed or "synthetic" complexity opponents must overcome to appropriate or adopt the means they develop. Nonstate actors such as terrorists overcome the challenges of complexity by imaginatively seeking new ways to operate in an alternative high lethality/low complexity space. The perversity of their imagination allows them to conceive of means of attack beyond the pale for state actors, leaving states initially unprepared to defend against them. Car bombs, vehicle ramming and small arms attacks on dense crowds, and iconic attacks such as 9/11 are examples of nonstate actors successfully operating in the high lethality/low complexity space. Successful attackers will continue to do so in ways that state actors fail to imagine and protect against, especially when the prevention of low-complexity attacks traditionally falls on local governments with fewer resources, and they employ means that do not have especially suspicious signatures. The deployment of weaponized drones against crowds and other soft targets may indicate one of the evolutions of this operational space. State security requires fully understanding the imagination of the nonstate actor, but good governance requires balancing the necessary thinking and preventive measures with the freedoms of a state not burdened by such a perverse outlook.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778460_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:43
|
en
| 0.924779
|
Citation
Widom CS, Do HH, Lynch KS, Manly JJ. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Bentham Science Publishers)
DOI
10.2174/0115672050281539231222071355
PMID
38155463
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have linked childhood adversities to dementia risk, yet most studies are cross-sectional in design and utilize retrospective self-reports to assess childhood experiences. These design characteristics make it difficult to establish temporal order and draw firm conclusions. OBJECTIVE: Using a longitudinal design, we sought to determine whether childhood maltreatment predicts dementia risk factors in middle adulthood. METHODS: Data have been obtained from a prospective cohort design study of children with documented cases of childhood maltreatment (ages 0-11 years at case identification) and demographically matched controls who were followed up and interviewed in middle adulthood. Outcomes were assessed through a medical examination and interview, and 807 of the cases that included blood collection at mean age 41 and dementia risk were investigated using 11 potentially modifiable risk factors. RESULTS: Compared to controls, individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment had a higher risk of low educational attainment, low social contact, smoking, and clinical depression, and a higher total number of dementia risk factors. In general, childhood maltreatment predicted a higher risk of dementia for females, males, and Black and White participants. Black maltreated participants had a greater risk for traumatic brain injury compared to Black controls. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, each predicted a higher number of dementia risk factors in mid-life. CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence that childhood maltreatment increases the risk for dementia in mid-life and has a demonstrable impact lasting over 30 years. Reducing the prevalence of mid-life dementia risk factors could reduce the risk of later-life dementia.
Language: en
Keywords
longitudinal; physical abuse; sexual abuse; neglect; childhood maltreatment; dementia risk; mid-life
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778466_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:50
|
en
| 0.899947
|
Citation
Zwemer C, Kartiko S, Forssten MP, Zebley JA, Hughes JD, Sarani B, Mohseni S. Trauma Surg. Acute Care Open 2023; 8(1): e001181.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The author(s) and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Publisher BMJ Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1136/tsaco-2023-001181
PMID
38156275
PMCID
PMC10753733
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Existing study findings on firearms-related injury patterns are largely skewed towards males, who comprise the majority of this injury population. Given the paucity of existing data for females with these injuries, we aimed to elucidate the demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes of firearms-related injury in females compared with males in the USA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 7-year (2013-2019) retrospective review of the National Trauma Database was conducted to identify all adult patients who suffered firearms-related injuries. Patients who were males were matched (1:1, caliper 0.2) to patients who were females by demographics, comorbidities, injury patterns and severity, and payment method, to compare differences in mortality and several other post-injury outcomes. RESULTS: There were 196 696 patients admitted after firearms-related injury during the study period. Of these patients, 23 379 (11.9%) were females, 23 378 of whom were successfully matched to a male counterpart. After matching, females had a lower rate of in-hospital mortality (18.6% vs. 20.0%, p<0.001), deep vein thrombosis (1.2% vs. 1.5%, p=0.014), and had a lower incidence of drug or alcohol withdrawal syndrome (0.2% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) compared with males. CONCLUSION: Female victims of firearms-related injuries experience lower rates of mortality and complications compared with males. Further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of these differences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
Language: en
Keywords
Wounds, Gunshot; gender; mortality; morbidity
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778475_20
| 2024-01-01T21:22:56
|
en
| 0.929065
|
Citation
Wallace N, Parente A, McGrath RE. Int. J. Appl. Posit. Psychol. 2023; 8(2): 429-452.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s41042-023-00097-3
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) refer to negative events of childhood. Research has demonstrated relationships between ACEs and adult mental and physical difficulties. Fewer studies have examined potential moderators of these relationships. This study assessed the role of character strengths in the relationship between ACEs and negative physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. An online sample of 1,491 adults completed questionnaires measuring character strengths, exposure to ACEs, and aspects of physical/mental health. RESULTS replicated previous findings that ACEs and character strengths are each meaningfully related to health outcomes. Gratitude and self-regulation were generally indicative of better health outcomes, kindness and appreciation of beauty of poorer outcomes. Character strengths remained meaningful correlates of adult behavioral and emotional health even when controlling for ACEs. Character strengths did not moderate the relationship between ACEs and health, suggesting that character strengths do not mitigate the effects of ACEs, but do make an independent contribution to physical and mental health.
Language: en
Keywords
Adverse childhood experiences; Character strengths; Mental health; Negative health outcomes
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778477_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:03
|
en
| 0.917059
|
Citation
Raj V, Dandona A. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.003
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the causes for traumatic bonding in abusive marital relationships. It seeks to explain why abused women find it difficult to leave their abusive partner and the relationship with them. In the process, the study also touches upon the various strata of domestic abuse as a complex and multidimensional issue. To this end, semi-structured interviews with 11 married or ever-married abused women between the ages of 20-49 were conducted. RESULTS obtained from them showed not specific and isolated reasons but an interplay of factors that often weigh married women down in abusive relationships.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778503_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:09
|
en
| 0.942464
|
Citation
Majumdar IG, Srivastava M. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.004
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Mental health issues in India are a public health concern today and adequate action is required to address the same. Adolescents are in a critical phase of life that can have a long-term impact on their overall functioning. Recent studies have focused on the prevalence and differences in male and female mental health disorders in India, however, considering the wide socio-cultural fabric of India, these findings have been known to differ among specific populations and with socio-demographic profiles. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the difference in male and female mental health functioning among late adolescents in schools in the National Capital Region, India. The study sample included 235 school-going adolescents (male= 109; female = 126) who were in the age range of 15-19 years, recruited from schools via convenience sampling method. The data was collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Comparison of significant differences between means using t-test indicated that females had poorer emotional, social, and psychological well-being and overall poorer mental health as compared to males. This study, thus, highlights the need for understanding socio-cultural backgrounds wherein girls are vulnerable and susceptible to developing mental health disorders. By doing so, we can develop more effective strategies to support the mental health and well-being of girls in schools in India, who can then prove to be effective contributors to the psychological capital of the nation and can go on to lead healthy, fulfilling lives.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778504_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:15
|
en
| 0.93084
|
Citation
Kishore S. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.037
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Sexism has been described as any practice based upon the idea that a person is inferior because of their sex, resulting in differential behavior against them. One component of sexism is benevolent sexism, which presents itself as a patronizing attitude towards women. Research indicates women exposed to benevolent sexist attitudes suffer damage to their self-esteem as well as perceptions of self-competence. However, despite this evidence supported impact, people were found to not pay attention to benevolent sexism. To increase discourse regarding benevolent sexism, this study explores Indian women's understanding and awareness of benevolent sexism using a qualitative approach. Seventeen women from the upper middle class with a mean age of twenty-four were interviewed with the help of a validated interview guide. Audio transcription was done to create edited transcripts. The data obtained was analysed using Braun and Clarke's model of thematic analysis. From the results, we understand women's understanding of benevolent sexism to be present in the background of how they comprehend womanhood and gender. Two global themes were identified: 'being a woman' and 'sexism.' The findings hold significance as they provide a deeper understanding of women's understanding of sexism, which could provide useful information to tackle the hegemonic phenomena.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778507_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:22
|
en
| 0.949927
|
Citation
Tyagi R. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.073
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Talking or hearing about the term "Sex" is more than enough to question the dignity of a person but engaging in the act would not be such an issue, the population of India, itself justifies this statement. Sex education is not included in the curriculum, despite the fact that students today receive education in all areas, be it academic or co-curricular activities. Everybody is a fan of technology and social media these days, youth's attitude is being evolved and it's developing more positively towards sex Education but there are many things to be taught by a professional for proper clarity and as the children don't have easy access to the same, they find some alternatives in the world of technology which is impacting many areas in their life. In view of such an issue, the present study attempted to examine the relationship between the Attitude toward sex education affecting self-esteem and sexual assaults among youth. 200 youth participants from Delhi (Mean age=20.735 and SD=2.346) voluntarily participated in the study using the snowball sampling technique. Rosenberg's Self-esteem scale, Attitude scale towards sex education, and sexual assault severity scale (SASS) were used to measure the variables. Correlation, found using SPSS, between Attitude toward sex education and self-esteem was weak (r=0.139) and Attitude towards sex education and sexual assaults was inversely correlated (r=-0.0086). If the sample size would've been more the results could be strongly correlated positively and negatively respectively. However, the findings open new avenues of research for sex education and sexual assaults in other states of India as well.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778508_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:28
|
en
| 0.956254
|
Citation
Ghosh S. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.090
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Currently, child maltreatment remains to be a major health as well as social welfare problem across the world. In India, thousands and thousands of children, from all kinds of socioeconomic backgrounds, different ages, religions and cultures are victims of childhood abuse and every single day, millions more at an increasing risk. It has been established through multiple researches that exposure to any form of childhood abuse or maltreatment negatively affects the present and future academic performance, along with the emotional and psychological well-being of a child. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature synthesis of how child maltreatment impacts the educational and mental health of children and also a small discussion on how teachers and professionals play a huge role in this respect.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778509_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:34
|
en
| 0.913274
|
Citation
Raju I, Joy M. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.119
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Child sexual abuse affects people of all sexes, regardless of caste, colour, religion, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Intense trauma and emotional issues brought on by sexual abuse result in severe short- and long-term behavioural issues. The study aims to check the close relationship between child sexual abuse and sexual well-being among young adulthood, ages 18 - 25 and a range of positive and negative aspects of women's and men's sexual well-being. A sample of N=102 college students (47 Females and 55 Males) from autonomous college was taken with all the participants being between the age range of 18-25. The Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire and Short Sexual Well-being Scale was used to measure the relationship of Child sexual Abuse and Sexual Well-being respectively. Spearman Correlation and Mann Whitney U Test were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. FINDINGS of the study revealed that there is negative negligible relationship between Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Well-being among young adults.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778511_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:41
|
en
| 0.896375
|
Citation
Jamuna KV, Anuroop M, Thomas TS, Reddy C, Rajan Y, Sharma R. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.146
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
This article provides an in-depth exploration of the psychological impact of crime on victims, drawing on both existing research and the results of a survey conducted by the author. The survey aimed to gather information on the types of crimes that have the most significant psychological impact, the specific negative emotions experienced by victims, and their coping strategies. The study highlights the physical, emotional, and financial consequences of crime for victims and emphasizes the importance of addressing their psychological needs for their recovery and well-being. The article also examines the factors that contribute to victimization, such as individual, situational, and societal factors. The findings of the study suggest that a more nuanced understanding of the psychological impact of crime on victims is necessary to develop effective interventions and support services. Ultimately, the article underscores the need for greater attention to victims' psychological well-being in criminal justice systems and society at large.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778512_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:47
|
en
| 0.888706
|
Citation
Singh S, Mahapatra DM. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.177
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Childhood problems like emotional, physical, or sexual abuse are examples of adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Teens that use social media too much run the risk of being distracted, having their sleep interrupted, and being subjected to bullying, gossip, unrealistic expectations of others' life, and peer pressure. In this context, the aim of the present study was "to explore negative childhood experiences and problematic use of social media among young people". To this end, three objectives and hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship, across gender and familial lines, between adverse childhood experiences and problematic social media usage in young adulthood. To investigate this, 100 participant responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for data analysis, such as the correlation between two variables based on gender and household, mean and standard deviation, etc. After conducting the statistical analysis, a significant relationship was found between negative childhood experiences and problematic social media use among young adults. Based on gender, male participants received more attention than female participants. Thus, according to the third hypothesis, the contribution of the nuclear family is greater than that of the joint family.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778513_20
| 2024-01-01T21:23:54
|
en
| 0.942057
|
Citation
Sharma G, Hussain DI. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.183
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Aggression is a behavior or an action that can be expressed by inflicting harm or injury intentionally towards others. It is concerning issue in school as it is a major source where an individual can learn or unlearn any behavior. Adolescent phase involves fundamental changes i.e., Social, Physical, Emotional and Aggression and Self-esteem can be common and central part of this stage. The research aimed to examine the significant difference on aggression and self-esteem among middle adolescents in government schools and in private schools. A sample size comprising of 220 adolescents (110 government schools and 110 private schools) within the age range of 14 to 17 years was taken from the schools of East Delhi. Aggression scale (AS) by Mathur and Bhatnagar & Self-esteem Scale by Rosenberg were administered for data collection. The data was analyzed using independent sample t test & descriptive statistics i.e., Mean & standard deviation. The results indicated there is no significant difference between middle adolescents in government schools and in private schools on aggression and self-esteem.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778514_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:00
|
en
| 0.921847
|
Citation
Chawla D, Singh P. Int. J. Indian Psychol. 2023; 11(2).
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, The International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, Publisher Red'Shine Publications)
DOI
10.25215/1102.262
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
The purpose of our thesis is to a) Examine the differences in pre and post intervention aggression scores among experimental group and control group. b) Test hypothesis - H1- There will be significant difference in pre and post aggression scores of experimental groups among young adults. H2 - There will be no significant difference in pre and post aggression scores of control group among young adults. H3 - There will be no significant difference in post intervention aggression scores of experimental group and control group among young adults. Aggression and depression are discussed extensively by examining a broad range of literature that points to environmental, social, individual, psychological, and biophysiological influences. First, aggression and depression are discussed separately in terms of their underlying theory, biosocial perspectives, typologies, behavioral and personality abnormalities, brain structures related to each, and neurochemical/neurological influences. The final sections of the literature review discuss how aggression and depression intersect. These subsections are meant to provide the reader with different lenses through which to frame a deeper understanding of aggression and depression and to expose the reality that aggression and depression are highly complex behavioral outputs for which there are a multiplicity of causes. A methodological outline including hypotheses, research design, sample characteristics, measurements of aggression and depression and covariates, and an analytical strategy frame this study. Lastly, results from the analyses are reported and discussed, contextualizing the findings drawn in this paper in light of extant research.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778516_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:06
|
en
| 0.889012
|
Citation
Kwon K, Akar G. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 2022; 16(12): 1121-1130.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2022, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI
10.1080/15568318.2021.1971345
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
This study explores gender differences in commute behavior with a focus on two-earner households using data from the 2001, 2009 and 2017 U.S. National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS). To understand whether gender differences are shrinking or persistent in terms of commute distances, we first analyze these differences by assessing descriptive statistics and t-test across multiple population sub-categories and trip purposes. We then employ Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models on the pooled data in order to analyze the determinants of the household total commute distance and share of women's commute distance. Our study reveals: (1) gender gap in commute distances has narrowed over the years, however the magnitude of change is small; (2) women continue to have shorter commute distances; (3) commute mode, presence of children, and occupation-related characteristics affect gender gaps in commuting.
Language: en
Keywords
Commute behavior; gender difference; seemingly unrelated regression (SUR); two-earner households; U.S. National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778526_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:13
|
en
| 0.850399
|
Citation
Barnhart G, Knocton S, Hunter A, Dithurbide L, Neyedli H. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 2023; 67(1): 145-150.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Publisher SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/21695067231192560
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
In target detection tasks false alarms (i.e., indicating a target is present when it is absent) decrease trust more than misses. Furthermore, human advisors providing advice at the same time as automation, may impact how users trust and subsequently rely on automated aids. This study aimed to understand whether the false alarm rate (FAR) of an automated target recognition aid impacts trust in the automated aid, trust in a human teammate, or operator self-confidence in a dual-advisor target detection task. Participants completed a mine detection task while receiving advice from a human and an automated advisor. The FAR of the automation was manipulated between groups and trust in each type of advisor was measured. Automation FAR did not influence trust in the automation. Low FAR automation was associated with higher trust in a human teammate and increasing self-confidence over the course of the experiment.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778586_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:19
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en
| 0.89672
|
Citation
Martin JA, Suss J. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 2023; 67(1): 354-359.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Publisher SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/21695067231192699
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
The perceptual phenomenon of change blindness has been widely researched in the scientific literature, mostly in laboratory studies. This case study reviews the fatal shooting of a woman who suddenly backed her car in the general direction of law enforcement officers as other officers were attempting to extract her from the car. The deputy who eventually fired at the woman initially had his TASER drawn; when he perceived the car reversing toward officers, he tried to holster his TASER before drawing and firing his handgun. By the time the deputy fired, the woman had stopped reversing and was driving the car forward (i.e., not toward officers). Even after viewing police in-car-camera video, the deputy was adamant that he perceived the car as still moving backward when he fired. The facts are compared to the characteristics of change blindness and other human factors potentially at play.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778593_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:25
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en
| 0.96429
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Citation
Manta AM, Petrasso PEY, Tomassini L, Piras GN, De Maio A, Cappelletti S, Straccamore M, Siodambro C, De Simone S, Peonim V, Cipolloni L, Fulginiti L, Oliva A, Worasuwannarak W, Fineschi V, Ciallella C. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s12024-023-00767-3
PMID
38146043
Abstract
The appearance of a gunshot wound (GSW) is greatly influenced by the velocity of the projectile, where high-velocity projectiles (HVPs) are defined as ballistic agents reaching a muzzle velocity of > 600 m/s fired from assault rifles. The aim of the study is to present and explain the differences in the dimensions of entrance and exit wounds between the most used handguns and assault rifles and to propose a predictor of HVP, i.e., the ratio of exit and entrance wounds (EX/ENR). The surface area of entrance and exit GSWs and the EX/ENR were calculated. 66 perforating GSWs produced by NATO FMJ 7.62 × 52 mm and 5.56 × 42 mm fired from assault rifles were assigned to the HVP, while 64 lesions produced by conventional projectiles fired from revolvers and semi-automatic pistols were assigned to the low-velocity projectile (LVP) group. The dimensions of the exit wounds of the HVP group were significantly higher when compared to the LVP group (95% CI 0.9886-2.423, p < 0.05). The HVP group showed significantly higher values for the EX/ENR when compared to the LVP group (95% CI 2.617-7.173, p < 0.05). The evaluation of the EX/ENR can be considered an adequate tool to assess the type of weapon involved and to roughly estimate the associated wounding mechanisms, which can guide both the physician in the management and treatment of the patients affected by GSW, and the forensic pathologist in crime investigation.
Language: en
Keywords
Handguns; GSW; Assault rifles; Entrance wounds; EX/ENR; Exit wounds; Gunshot wounds; High-velocity projectiles
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778242_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:32
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en
| 0.902571
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Citation
De Lacy N, Ramshaw MJ. Front. Psychiatry 2023; 14: e1280326.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Frontiers Media)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1280326
PMID
38144472
PMCID
PMC10739523
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The externalizing disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are common in adolescence and are strong predictors of adult psychopathology. While treatable, substantial diagnostic overlap complicates intervention planning. Understanding which factors predict the onset of each disorder and disambiguating their different predictors is of substantial translational interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 5,777 multimodal candidate predictors from children aged 9-10 years and their parents in the ABCD cohort to predict the future onset of ADHD, ODD, and CD at 2-year follow-up. We used deep learning optimized with an innovative AI algorithm to jointly optimize model training, perform automated feature selection, and construct individual-level predictions of illness onset and all prevailing cases at 11-12 years and examined relative predictive performance when candidate predictors were restricted to only neural metrics. RESULTS: Multimodal models achieved ~86-97% accuracy, 0.919-0.996 AUROC, and ~82-97% precision and recall in testing in held-out, unseen data. In neural-only models, predictive performance dropped substantially but nonetheless achieved accuracy and AUROC of ~80%. Parent aggressive and externalizing traits uniquely differentiated the onset of ODD, while structural MRI metrics in the limbic system were specific to CD. Psychosocial measures of sleep disorders, parent mental health and behavioral traits, and school performance proved valuable across all disorders. In neural-only models, structural and functional MRI metrics in subcortical regions and cortical-subcortical connectivity were emphasized. Overall, we identified a strong correlation between accuracy and final predictor importance. CONCLUSION: Deep learning optimized with AI can generate highly accurate individual-level predictions of the onset of early adolescent externalizing disorders using multimodal features. While externalizing disorders are frequently co-morbid in adolescents, certain predictors were specific to the onset of ODD or CD vs. ADHD. To our knowledge, this is the first machine learning study to predict the onset of all three major adolescent externalizing disorders with the same design and participant cohort to enable direct comparisons, analyze >200 multimodal features, and include many types of neuroimaging metrics. Future study to test our observations in external validation data will help further test the generalizability of these findings.
Language: en
Keywords
ADHD; adolescence; artificial intelligence; deep learning; disruptive disorders; externalizing disorders; onset; predict
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778246_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:38
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en
| 0.887977
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Citation
Kerz E, Zanwar S, Qiao Y, Wiechmann D. Front. Psychiatry 2023; 14: e1219479.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Frontiers Media)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1219479
PMID
38144474
PMCID
PMC10748510
Abstract
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in general and Natural Language Processing (NLP) in particular are paving the new way forward for the automated detection and prediction of mental health disorders among the population. Recent research in this area has prioritized predictive accuracy over model interpretability by relying on deep learning methods. However, prioritizing predictive accuracy over model interpretability can result in a lack of transparency in the decision-making process, which is critical in sensitive applications such as healthcare. There is thus a growing need for explainable AI (XAI) approaches to psychiatric diagnosis and prediction. The main aim of this work is to address a gap by conducting a systematic investigation of XAI approaches in the realm of automatic detection of mental disorders from language behavior leveraging textual data from social media. In pursuit of this aim, we perform extensive experiments to evaluate the balance between accuracy and interpretability across predictive mental health models. More specifically, we build BiLSTM models trained on a comprehensive set of human-interpretable features, encompassing syntactic complexity, lexical sophistication, readability, cohesion, stylistics, as well as topics and sentiment/emotions derived from lexicon-based dictionaries to capture multiple dimensions of language production. We conduct extensive feature ablation experiments to determine the most informative feature groups associated with specific mental health conditions. We juxtapose the performance of these models against a "black-box" domain-specific pretrained transformer adapted for mental health applications. To enhance the interpretability of the transformers models, we utilize a multi-task fusion learning framework infusing information from two relevant domains (emotion and personality traits). Moreover, we employ two distinct explanation techniques: the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) method and a model-specific self-explaining method (AGRAD). These methods allow us to discern the specific categories of words that the information-infused models rely on when generating predictions. Our proposed approaches are evaluated on two public English benchmark datasets, subsuming five mental health conditions (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression and psychological stress).
Language: en
Keywords
machine learning; artificial intelligence; deep learning; automated mental health detection; digital NLP-derived biomarkers; digital phenotyping; explainable AI (XAI); natural language processing
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778248_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:44
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en
| 0.8721
|
Citation
Bentley A, Riutort-Mayol G. Front. Public Health 2023; 11: e1307841.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Frontiers Editorial Office)
DOI
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1307841
PMID
38145064
PMCID
PMC10740158
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health has been clearly established in the literature, however the differential associations between IPV type and mental health are less well understood, particularly in migrant groups who are at increased risk of both IPV and poor mental health. Under-studied and emerging forms of violence such as economic abuse and technology-facilitated abuse must be considered alongside more traditionally studied forms of IPV in order to fully understand the complex nature of violence. This study makes a novel contribution to the literature by assessing multiple forms of IPV including psychological, physical, sexual, economic and technology-facilitated IPV and their relationship with symptoms of depression and anxiety in migrant women, disaggregated by IPV type. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of migrant women living in the Valencian Community of Spain was conducted, to assess experiences of IPV and symptoms of mental health. Regression analysis from the Bayesian perspective was performed. RESULTS: 1,998 women accessed the survey. They had an average age of 37, and came predominantly from Europe (49%), namely Western Europe, followed by Latin America (38%). The majority had been in Spain between 1 and 3 years, and 80% had resident status. A total of 1,156 responded to questions on violence and mental health. RESULTS showed that the prevalence of IPV was high, with 59% of women reporting any experience of violence. Economic abuse was the most commonly reported form of violence, and showed the strongest relationship with symptoms of depression. Sexual violence was the strongest predictor of anxiety. In both cases, in the presence of violence, the odds of having more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety increases by over 2.25. Technology-facilitated abuse was as detrimental to women's mental health as face-to-face violence. DISCUSSION: The findings from the study are relevant to researchers, policy-makers and service providers. They highlight the complex nature of IPV experiences faced by migrant women and the importance of understanding how different types of IPV can impact migrant mental health, in order to ensure survivors receive adequate care.
Language: en
Keywords
Adult; Humans; Female; Spain; Cross-Sectional Studies; intimate partner violence; depression; Mental Health; anxiety; Bayes Theorem; *Intimate Partner Violence/psychology; *Transients and Migrants; cyber IPV; economic IPV; migrant women; Spain/epidemiology
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778249_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:51
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en
| 0.957922
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Citation
Ali Hassan SME, Satti SA, Alhassan MA. Pan. Afr. Med. J. 2023; 46: e36.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, African Field Epidemiology Network)
DOI
10.11604/pamj.2023.46.36.33887
PMID
38145200
PMCID
PMC10746872
Abstract
Street children are particularly susceptible to health-related adversities, including those resulting from substance abuse and child abuse. Information on street children is deficient in Sudan. This study provides basic data on characteristics, factors for leaving home, the pattern of child abuse and substance misuse among street children in Khartoum State, Sudan. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and community-based study. Data were collected through direct questioning of a sample of street children using a structured, standardized, and pretested interview-administered questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) street children were interviewed. Most street children were males (83%). Of the interviewed children, 36.7% were illiterate, 66.1% had a single parent, and 36% did not recognize a home to return to. The commonest reported reasons for being on the streets were family conflicts and financial/economic difficulties (28.4 % and 27.5%), respectively. 89.1% of the children admitted to being substance abusers, mostly of glue (86.5%) and smoked tobacco (67.3%). Seventy-five-point three percent 75.3% of the children reported being subjected to a form of abuse, with physical and sexual abuse reported by 70.2% and 27%, respectively. Of the 74 children who reported sexual abuse, 49 were males (29% of males), and 25 were females (65% of females). The survey results are thought to guide further research and shape appropriate policymaking and coordinated interventions by concerned stakeholders, whether governmental or non-governmental.
Language: en
Keywords
Child; Humans; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; child abuse; Sudan; *Child Abuse; *Homeless Youth; *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology; drug users; Homeless youth; Sudan/epidemiology
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778267_20
| 2024-01-01T21:24:57
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en
| 0.939942
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Citation
Jeries-Loulou LJ. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Orthopsychiatric Association, Publisher Wiley Blackwell)
DOI
10.1037/ort0000719
PMID
38147045
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of affiliation with delinquent peers (ADP) and the moderating role of closeness to parents in the relationship between impulsivity and perpetration of indirect aggression. Arab female adolescents in Israel (aged 12-21; N = 404) completed a self-report questionnaire. The mediation-moderation model was examined after controlling for intersectional factors related to the females' unique social locations in Arab society. The study found that 66.1% of the girls had perpetrated at least one indirect act of aggression at least once during the past month. Moreover, most reported agreement with at least one item that examined their closeness to their father and mother (75.7% and 77%, respectively). The results also showed that the direct effect of impulsivity on perpetration of indirect aggression against others became significant after including the mediation factor (ADP). Finally, for high closeness to parents, the association between impulsivity and ADP was positive and significant, whereas it was insignificant for medium and low closeness. The findings highlight the importance of operationalized as parent-closeness to parents, child communication skills, boundary setting, and monitoring, which may decrease the tendency of adolescents to perpetrate aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778276_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:04
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en
| 0.940298
|
Citation
Wang X, Peng P, Liu Y, Yang WF, Chen S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Li M, Wang Y, Hao Y, He L, Wang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y, He H, Zhou Y, Long J, Qi C, Tang YY, Liao Y, Tang J, Wu Q, Liu T. Ann. Med. 2023; 55(2): e2295027.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)
DOI
10.1080/07853890.2023.2295027
PMID
38146746
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a significant public concern that profoundly impacts healthcare workers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevalence of workplace violence and its correlation with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students in China during their clinical training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and to assess its association with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students. METHOD: The snowballing sampling technique was used to recruit Chinese medical students. A question designed by the research team was used to ask medical students about their encounters with workplace violence. Students' basic demographic information and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence, excessive daytime sleepiness and history of mental disorders) were also assessed. As appropriate, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-sample t-tests and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of the 1402 undergraduate medical students who participated, 493 (35.2%) reported having experienced workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors, of which 394 (28.1%) were verbal abuse, 14 (1.0%) were physical aggression, and 85 (6.1%) were suffered from both verbal abuse and physical aggression. Furthermore, students exposed to workplace violence were more likely to report suicidal ideation and had a higher prevalence of learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence and excessive daytime sleepiness. Depression symptoms, history of mental disorders, learning burnout and having a partner were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in this population. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors was high among undergraduate medical students in China. This may be associated with their mental distress and suicidal ideation. Consequently, it is crucial to strengthen workplace safety measures and promptly implement interventions to mitigate the potentially serious consequences.
Language: en
Keywords
Humans; Family; Suicidal Ideation; mental health; medical students; depression; suicidal ideation; anxiety; *Alcoholism; *Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; *Students, Medical; *Workplace Violence; burnout; Depression/epidemiology; medical education; Workplace violence
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778277_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:10
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en
| 0.951567
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Citation
Edgelow M, Petrović A, Gaherty C, Fecica A. Can. J. Occup. Ther. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists)
DOI
10.1177/00084174231222075
PMID
38146163
Abstract
Background. Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to psychological trauma through their work. Evidence shows that worker's compensation claims for work-related psychological injuries are on the rise for PSP. Occupational therapists increasingly provide return to work (RTW) services for this population. PURPOSE. To explore the therapeutic practices and personal experiences of occupational therapists working with PSP who have work-related psychological injuries. METHOD. This mixed methods descriptive study included a chart review of available occupational therapy client records from 2016 to 2020 for PSP with work-related psychological injuries from two Ontario companies. Additionally, a web-based self-report survey for Ontario occupational therapists providing RTW services to this same population was available from November 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022. FINDINGS. The chart review included 31 client records and the online survey was completed by 49 Ontario occupational therapists. Therapists commonly provided services in clients' homes, workplaces, and communities, and focused on functional activities. The evidence base drawn on by therapists was not always occupation-based. Barriers to RTW included challenges with interprofessional collaboration, stigma, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications. Occupational therapists are commonly working with PSP with work-related psychological injuries and have the opportunity to contribute to the evidence base for occupational approaches to RTW.
Language: en
Keywords
PTSD; First responders; Occupational health; Premiers répondants; Psychological trauma; santé occupationnelle; traumatisme psychologique; TSPT
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778280_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:16
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en
| 0.91859
|
Citation
Chan J, Ward B, Maher L, Crawford S, Stoove M, Dietze P. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1111/dar.13798
PMID
38147397
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Children in families affected by substance use disorders are at high risk of being placed in out-of-home care (OOHC). We aimed to describe the characteristics of parents who inject drugs and identify correlates associated with child placement in OOHC. METHODS: We used baseline data from a community-based cohort of parents who inject drugs (SuperMIX) from Melbourne, Australia. Participants were recruited via convenience, respondent-driven and snowball sampling from April 2008 to November 2020, with follow-up until March 2021. To explore correlates associated with child placement to OOHC, we used multivariable logistic regression and assessed for potential interactions between gender and a range of relevant covariates. RESULTS: Of the 1067 participants, 611 (57%) reported being parents. Fifty-six percent of parents reported child protection involvement. Almost half (49%) had children in OOHC. Nearly half of the parents lived in unstable accommodation (44%) and many of them experienced moderate-severe levels of anxiety (48%) and depression (53%). Female or non-binary gender, identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, experiencing assault and having more children were associated with child removal to OOHC. Of the 563 participants who reported their own childhood care status, 135 (24%) reported they had been removed to OOHC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified high rates of child placement in OOHC among parents who inject drugs. There is a need for targeted health and social services, that are gender and culturally responsive, in addition to systems-level interventions addressing social inequities, such as housing, to support parents to care for their children.
Language: en
Keywords
child protection; injecting drug use; out-of-home care; parenting
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778289_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:23
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en
| 0.946546
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Citation
Bansema CH, Vermeiren RRJM, Nijland L, de Soet R, Roeleveld J, van Ewijk H, Nooteboom LA. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s00787-023-02325-2
PMID
38147108
Abstract
A group of youth with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP) falls between the cracks of the child-and-adolescent psychiatry (CAP) system. An insufficient understanding of these youth's mental health problems results in a failure to accurately identify and provide support to these youth. To gain a deeper understanding, the aim of this study is to explore characteristics of youth with SEMHP in clinical practice based on the experiences of youth and clinicians in CAP. This qualitative study consisted of 20 semi-structured interviews with 10 youth with lived experience and 10 specialized clinicians in CAP. Both a thematic and content analysis was conducted to identify, assess, and report themes associated with youth with SEMHP. Themes were individual characteristics such as trauma, masking, self-destructive behavior, interpersonal distrust as well as environmental and systematic characteristics including parental stressors, social isolation and societal stressors, which go beyond the existing classifications. These characteristics profoundly impact youth's daily functioning across various life domains, creating an interactive process, ultimately leading to elusive mental health problems and overwhelming feelings of hopelessness. The authors recommend proper assessment of characteristics in all life domains affected and their perpetuating effect on SEMHP during diagnostics in CAP. Engaging in a dialogue with youth themselves is crucial due to the nature of youth's characteristics, which frequently transcend traditional classifications and may not be immediately discernible. It also requires an integrated care approach, entailing collaborations between educational institutions and mental healthcare providers, and attention to potential indicators of deficits in the healthcare system and society.
Language: en
Keywords
Severity; Child and adolescent psychiatry; Interrelated mental health problems; Long term nature of mental health problems; Qualitative research
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778292_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:29
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en
| 0.911411
|
Citation
Kantor MA, Bleetman A, Tenbrink J, Garg H. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 2023; 101: e102637.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102637
PMID
38147813
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Knives are commonly-used weapons in criminal activities and interpersonal assaults worldwide. Injury reports have identified the upper body as the most frequent location of knife injuries, and that stabbing attacks are more fatal than slashing attacks. The first two aims of the study explore whether the type of attack and attack location could be predicted from age and sex group. The following aims compared attack times between sex and age groups and evaluated the influence of subject characteristics on attack duration. The exploratory aim surveyed subjects on attack location during the scenario if the target was not wearing body armor. METHODS: A total of 74 subjects (male: n = 40; female: n = 34) participated. Subjects were video recorded during a 21-foot (ft) attack and participated in follow-up questions and completed a push-up test to determine physical strength. Attack time (AT), concealment location, attack type, and demographic information were correlated to age group and sex. RESULTS: Mean AT from 21 ft was 2.40 ± 0.47 s, with the fastest of 1.75 s. The most commonly observed concealment location, attack type, and attack location on the target included the right hip (n = 62), stab (n = 62), and the chest (n = 28), respectively. After controlling for push-up ability (p < 0.05), no differences were reported between any combination of sex and age group in AT from 21 ft. Push-up ability was the sole significant predictor of AT from 21 ft (p < 0.05). Twenty-eight subjects reported they purposely avoided the body armor vest during the 21 ft attack. CONCLUSION: Law enforcement officers are encouraged to train for quick defensive or offensive responses, such as hand-to-knife combat or rapid firearm skills that can be performed in under 1.75 s. Stronger people were predicted to complete the 21 ft attack faster.
Language: en
Keywords
21-Foot principle; Edged weapon; Forensic human performance; Knife attacks; Knife motions; Tactical decision-making
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778303_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:35
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en
| 0.936039
|
Citation
Douadi M, Brassard A, Godbout N, Savard C, Daspe M, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231218226
PMID
38146765
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem, associated with considerable consequences for the victims. Among the risk factors associated with the perpetration of male IPV, attachment insecurities (avoidance, anxiety) and affect dysregulation (AD) have received strong empirical support. A few studies showed that hostility toward women (HTW) is a correlate of IPV perpetration, but none have explored hostility toward men (HTM). This study's aim was to test direct and indirect associations between romantic attachment insecurities and IPV perpetration (psychological, physical, and sexual coercion) through AD in men seeking help, and to examine the moderator role of HTW and HTM in theses links. A sample of 1,845 men aged between 18 and 88 years and from a diverse population (e.g., cultural background, education, and sexual orientation) were recruited through 18 community organizations providing IPV services in a Canadian province. As part of the systematic assessment protocol of each organization, participants answered a series of online questionnaires. RESULTS from a path analysis model showed indirect associations between attachment insecurities (avoidance and anxiety) and IPV perpetration (psychological, physical, and sexual coercion) through AD. Beyond these links, attachment avoidance was also directly associated with psychological violence, attachment anxiety with sexual coercion, and HTM with sexual coercion. The results revealed two moderation effects: higher HTW amplified the link between AD and physical IPV, whereas higher HTM amplified the link between AD and sexual coercion. RESULTS highlight the relevance of assessing attachment, AD, and gender hostility in IPV programs. They also highlight the relevance of targeting HTM as a risk marker for IPV perpetration in men.
Language: en
Keywords
intimate partner violence; affect dysregulation; hostility toward men; hostility toward women; romantic attachment insecurities
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778305_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:42
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en
| 0.915036
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Citation
Wilson S. J. Psychopathol. Clin. Sci. 2024; 133(1): 20-36.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2024, American Psychological Association)
DOI
10.1037/abn0000871
PMID
38147053
Abstract
Although researchers seek to understand psychological phenomena in a population, quantitative research studies are conducted in smaller samples meant to represent the larger population of interest. This systematic review and quantitative synthesis considers reporting of sociodemographic characteristics and sample composition in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (now the Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science) over the past 3 decades. Across k = 1,244 empirical studies, there were high and increasing rates of reporting of participant age/developmental stage and sex/gender, low but increasing reporting of socioeconomic status/income, and moderate and stable reporting of educational attainment. Rates of reporting of sexual orientation remained low and reporting of gender identity was essentially nonexistent. There were low to moderate but increasing rates of reporting of participant race and ethnicity. Approximately three-quarters of participants in studies over the past 3 decades were White, while the proportion of participants who were Asian, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or Hispanic/Latino was much lower. Approximately two-thirds of participants were female, with this proportion increasing over time. There were also notable differences in the proportion of study participants as a function of race and sex/gender for different forms of psychopathology. Basic science and theoretical psychopathology research must include sociodemographically diverse samples that are representative of and generalizable to the larger human population, while seeking to decrease stigma of psychopathology and increase mental health equity. Recommendations are made to increase sociodemographic diversity in psychopathology research and the scientific review/publication process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Language: en
Keywords
Humans; Female; Male; Alaska; *Academic Success; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology; Gender Identity; Psychopathology
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778307_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:48
|
en
| 0.930255
|
Citation
Alur R, Hall E, Smith MJ, Zakrison T, Loughran C, Cosey-Gay F, Kaufman E. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)
DOI
10.1097/TA.0000000000004167
PMID
38147579
Abstract
Trauma patients are particularly vulnerable to the impact of pre-existing social and legal determinants of health post-injury. Trauma patients have a wide range of legal needs, including housing, employment, debt, insurance coverage, and access to federal and state benefits. Legal support could provide vital assistance to address the social determinants of health for injured patients. Medical Legal Partnerships (MLPs) embed legal professionals within healthcare teams to improve health by addressing legal needs that affect health. MLPs have a successful track record in oncology, HIV/AIDS, and pediatrics, but have been little used in trauma. We conducted a scoping review to describe the role of MLPs and their potential to improve health outcomes for patients with traumatic injuries. We found that MLPs use legal remedies to address a variety of social and structural conditions that could affect patient health across several patient populations, such as children with asthma and patients with cancer. Legal intervention can assist patients in obtaining stable and healthy housing, employment opportunities, debt relief, access to public benefits, and immigration assistance. MLP structure varies across institutions. In some, MLP lawyers are employed directly by a healthcare institution. In others, MLPs function as partnerships between a health system and an external legal organization. MLPs have been found to reduce hospital readmissions, increase treatment utilization by patients, decrease patient stress levels, and benefit health systems financially. This scoping review outlines the potential of MLPs to improve outcomes for injured patients. Establishing trauma-focused MLPs could be a feasible intervention for trauma centers around the country seeking to improve health outcomes and reduce disparities for injured patients.
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778313_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:54
|
en
| 0.937229
|
Citation
Yang Y, Liang W, Zhang Y, Wang C. J. Youth Adolesc. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s10964-023-01927-y
PMID
38147187
Abstract
The factors influencing popular adolescents to defend victims require further exploration, particularly concerning their traits and the desire for higher peer status. In this one-year longitudinal study, 2464 Chinese adolescents (48.50% girls, Mage = 13.40 years, SD = 0.61) were investigated to examine the relationship between peer-nominated popularity, manipulative traits, desired popularity, and defending behaviors. The results revealed that peer-nominated popularity had a positive predictive effect on Chinese adolescents' defending behaviors. Furthermore, this longitudinal association was accentuated by desired popularity and manipulative traits in girls but was not in boys. Specifically, popular girls with high desired popularity demonstrated a higher likelihood of engaging in defending behaviors compared to other girls. These findings carry significant implications for understanding the influencing factors behind peer status and adolescents' defending behaviors.
Language: en
Keywords
Defending behaviors; Desired popularity; Gender differences; Manipulative traits; Peer-nominated popularity
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778315_20
| 2024-01-01T21:25:55
|
en
| 0.899792
|
Citation
Huang RS, Spence AR, Abenhaim HA. Matern. Child Health J. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s10995-023-03862-7
PMID
38147278
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Public health interventions to reduce maternal mortality have largely focused on obstetric causes of death. However, previous studies have noted that non-obstetrics factors, such as motor vehicle accidents, substance overdoses, homicides, and suicides, may account for a large proportion of maternal deaths. The study objective was to examine trends in maternal deaths from non-obstetric causes across races in the United States (US). METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 80,710,348 live births using data from the "Birth Data" and "Mortality Multiple Cause" files compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2000 to 2019. The annual incidence of maternal deaths attributed to non-obstetric causes (/100,000 live-births) during pregnancy and up to 42 days postpartum were calculated across racial groups. Then the effects of race on the risk of non-obstetric maternal mortality and temporal changes over the study period were examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2019, a total 7,334 women died during pregnancy, childbirth, and within 42 days postpartum from non-obstetric causes, representing 34.5% (7,334/21,241) of all maternal mortality. Of non-obstetric deaths, 31.3% were caused by transport accidents and 27.3% by accidental poisoning. American Indian women were found to have the highest risk of non-obstetric maternal mortality (OR 2.20,95% CI 1.90-2.56), and 46.1% (176/382) of all deaths among pregnant American Indian women were caused by non-obstetric complications. Risk of non-obstetric maternal mortality increased overall during the 20-year study period, with a greater increase among Black (1.15, 1.13-1.17) and American Indian women (1.17, 1.13-1.21). CONCLUSION: Non-obstetric causes of death have become increasingly prevalent in the US, especially in American Indian women. Novel interventions to address these non-obstetric factors should especially target American Indian women to improve maternal outcomes.
Language: en
Keywords
United States; race; Maternal Mortality; Non-obstetric
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778316_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:01
|
en
| 0.943681
|
Citation
Teng Z, Nie Q, Stomski M, Liu C, Guo C. Person. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/01461672231218047
PMID
38146735
Abstract
Although the effect of media violence on aggression has garnered major attention, little is known about the link between bullying-related media exposure and bullying behaviors. Across three studies, we examined this association among Chinese adolescents. Study 1 used a large sample of adolescents (n=10,391, 51.4% boys) to investigate the link between bullying-related media exposure and bullying perpetration. Using another adolescent sample (n=3,125, 49.5% boys), Study 2 replicated the findings from Study 1 and extended the investigation from traditional bullying to cyberbullying perpetration. Study 3 examined the longitudinal associations between bullying-related media exposure and (cyber)bullying perpetration 6 months later (n = 2,744, 47.0% boys). The results suggested a positive, albeit small, association between exposure to bullying-related media and (cyber)bullying perpetration. Importantly, personal anti-bullying attitudes moderated this link, with a significant association observed among adolescents holding weak anti-bullying attitudes. FINDINGS are discussed with respect to the media's effect on bullying behaviors.
Language: en
Keywords
bullying-related media exposure; cyberbullying; media violence; personal attitude toward bullying; traditional bullying
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778317_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:07
|
en
| 0.892296
|
Citation
O'Brien JE, Trumbell JM, O'Brien AJ, Fischer C. Violence Against Women 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10778012231222490
PMID
38146199
Abstract
While the importance of including vulnerable populations in research is widely acknowledged, the differential effects of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations necessitated thoughtful participant recruitment. This research note describes one team's attempt at conducting a longitudinal, mixed-methods study during the COVID-19 pandemic with women in the perinatal period who had experienced intimate partner violence. Initial recruitment strategies are provided, as well as the ways in which those initial efforts necessitated revision and redesign. Lessons learned are offered, including ways these strategies may be adapted for other similarly vulnerable populations in the context of a community-level trauma.
Language: en
Keywords
COVID-19; recruitment; research note; vulnerable populations
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778320_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:14
|
en
| 0.895773
|
Citation
Schascheck KGII. Belmont Law Rev. 2023; 11(1): 38-90.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Belmont University College of Law)
DOI
unavailable
PMID
Abstract
After Bruen, the prevailing assumption was that the Second Amendment framework shifted radically for all gun laws. Courts throughout the country have already invalidated key gun safety statutes while applying the new test. However, such holdings fail to grapple with the full weight of Second Amendment doctrines. A proper application of the doctrine in toto will result in no significant changes to the constitutionality of the vast majority of gun laws after Bruen. This Article explains the underdeveloped interaction between two principal Second Amendment doctrines- presumptions of legal validity and historical analyses. That interaction, framed in its simplest terms, is that the presumption acts either conclusively or as a burden- shifting device when considering historical evidence. By making explicit the procedural assumptions in Second Amendment cases, courts applying a historical burden- shifting approach will reduce the political pressures inherent in the doctrine and maintain the constitutionality of most gun safety laws. Available at: https://repository.belmont.edu/lawreview/vol11/iss1/2
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778325_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:15
|
en
| 0.886202
|
Citation
Bierman L, Gely R. Brooklyn Law Rev. 2023; 89(1): 177-220.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Brooklyn Law School)
DOI
unavailable
PMID
Abstract
By virtually all accounts, American society has become increasingly polarized during the past couple of decades. Indeed, the degree of political polarization on issues such as voting rights, gun control, abortion rights, and COVID vaccines has been so extreme that political scientists have worried about whether the conditions necessary for the United States to maintain a democratic society have broken down. This article examines this issue in the context of federal labor law and labor relations. It argues that American labor law is framed around an "industrial democracy narrative" that is today being sharply threatened by extant political polarization. It then sets forth a series of "interventions" and regulatory reforms to potentially help ameliorate this situation in the labor context, and to better advance the collective representation democracy ideal established by the US Congress when it enacted the National Labor Relations Act. Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol89/iss1/4
Language: en
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778326_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:21
|
en
| 0.915129
|
Citation
Cruz-González CI, Guadarrama-Orozco JH, Peláez-Ballestas I, El Din-Ismail-Paz EF, Castilla-Peón MF, Romero-Mendoza M, Romero-Guadarrama J. Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex. 2023; 80(6): 339-344.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud)
DOI
10.24875/BMHIM.23000040
PMID
38150715
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Women are the primary caregivers of children in palliative care. Research has shown that the presence of intimate partner violence at home exacerbates the vulnerability of the caregiver. Current statistics indicate a high prevalence of violence in Mexico present in the intersectionality between intimate partner violence and the role of the primary caregiver. This study aimed to describe the frequency of intimate partner violence among primary palliative caregivers at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study with convenience sampling; no sample calculation was performed. All female primary caregivers of children in the palliative care unit were invited to participate. The Scale of Violence and Index of Severity of Violence was used as the measuring instrument. RESULTS: One hundred women participated in the study by submitting their survey in a designated mailbox. No sociodemographic data or patient diagnoses were collected. The frequency of intimate partner violence was 28%, of which 16% were considered severe cases. Women reported psychological violence (36%), sexual violence (23%), and physical violence (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Almost one-third of female primary caregivers of pediatric patients at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez have been victims of some form of violence by current partners. This study highlights a previously unreported problem and opens the door for studies to correlate intimate partner violence among primary caregivers and the quality of life of children in palliative care.
Language: en
Keywords
Intimate partner violence; Cuidadores primaries; Cuidados paliativos; Pacientes pediátricos; Palliative care; Pediatric patients; Primary caregivers; Violencia de pareja
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778334_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:28
|
en
| 0.880155
|
Citation
Miziara ID, Miziara CSMG. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1007/s12024-023-00766-4
PMID
38151659
Abstract
Deaths due to external causes, mainly suicide, are a severe public health problem in Brazil. Evidence shows that the tendency to impulsive behavior is exacerbated after alcohol consumption. The relationship between alcohol and suicide is poorly described in the medical literature. The study aims to analyze the relationship between victims' blood alcohol levels and suicides in some municipalities in Greater São Paulo, Brazil. We reviewed the data from the medical records of 805 necropsies performed at the Medical Legal Institute of Sao Paulo in Franco da Rocha, Brazil, from 2001 to 2017. The manner of death was established based on the result of police inquiry. Deaths due to suicide (n=41) were selected for the study. Descriptive statistics and Student t-test was applied when appropriate. The variables studied were sex, age, suicide mechanism, and blood alcohol level (BAC). In all cases we could not determine how much time the deceased consumed alcohol before suicide. Of the individuals analyzed, 85.36% were male, and 14.64% were female. The most prevalent age range for males was between 18 and 23 (19.5%). For females, it was between 12 and 23 years (33.2%). Most suicides (48.78%) were due to hanging, followed by self-poisoning (22.08%) and firearms (17.1%). 38 victims (92.68%) presented a positive BAC, over 0.3 mg/dl. The higher levels were in the group of suicide by hanging (2.3 mg/ml). Thus, alcohol intoxication is common among suicide victims, and it can contribute to the fatal outcome as a risk factor. Further studies are necessary for a better comprehension of the effect of alcohol on suicide victims.
Language: en
Keywords
Suicide; Hanging; Alcohol; Firearm
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778343_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:34
|
en
| 0.95093
|
Citation
Hill JM, Blokland AAJ. Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/0306624X231219219
PMID
38149370
Abstract
Previous research indicates that parental monitoring protects adolescents from delinquency. While, emerging adults spend increasing amounts of time outside the family setting, they often remain in or return to reside in the parental home, possibly prolonging the period of parental monitoring. We examine whether parental monitoring, differentiating between child disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, is a protective factor for delinquency for emerging adults. We also examine whether monitoring occurs in educational settings, by the partner or in employment settings, and whether this monitoring is associated with delinquency. We use data from a longitudinal survey of 970 Dutch emerging adults (18-24 years), to examine monitoring, using instruments based on Stattin and Kerr's parental monitoring scale. RESULTS indicate that parental monitoring is not associated with delinquency in emerging adulthood. Furthermore, we find no evidence of the protective role of monitoring in educational settings, by the partner or in employment settings. However, the negative relationship between monitoring of the self, self-control, delinquency during emerging adulthood increases in strength.
Language: en
Keywords
delinquency; emerging adulthood; life course; parental monitoring; selfcontrol
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778349_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:35
|
en
| 0.887999
|
Citation
Keum BTH, Wong MJ, Sanders I. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231220015
PMID
38149586
Abstract
With the everyday influence of social media and online platforms, racially minoritized individuals face the risk of experiencing racial discrimination in both offline and online contexts. Yet, there is scant research on how online and offline racism could jointly impact the mental health of racially minoritized individuals. Thus, the study examined online racism as a moderator in the link between offline racism and mental health issues. Using data from 651 racially minoritized emerging adults (M(age) = 22.15, SD = 3.39), a moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro with bias-corrected bootstrapping (10,000 resamples). Experiencing more offline racism was significantly associated with greater mental health issues. Online racism was a significant moderator in the link between offline racism and mental health issues. The link between offline racism and mental health issues was not significant at low levels of online racism. However, the link was significant and strengthened at mean to high levels of online racism. The results suggest complex interactions in understanding the compounding impact of online and offline racism on mental health costs among racially minoritized individuals. Implications for future research on understanding the interplay between online and offline racism are discussed.
Language: en
Keywords
mental health; moderation; offline racism; online racism; racial/ethnic minority individuals
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778357_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:41
|
en
| 0.918581
|
Citation
Salazar Flórez JE, Humberto Montoya W, Giraldo Cardona LS. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231220026
PMID
38149609
Abstract
School violence and bullying are current and problematic events during adolescence. They are likely to have a marked presence in places highly exposed to armed conflict and violent environments, representing a double public health problem. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of different types of school violence perpetrated and experienced by school adolescents in a community with a history of exposure to armed conflict. Two thousand one hundred eighty-five school adolescents from a municipality in Colombia (males = 54.1%, 14-16 years = 38.6%) participated in the study. Nine educational institutions were included. A systematic random sampling was designed, with a proportional allocation of 35% within each school year from sixth to eleventh grade. The School Coexistence and Circumstances Affecting it-ECECA survey was applied. The prevalence and risks of bully and bullying were estimated. RRa were calculated with the 95% confidence interval adjusted for the other confounding variables. Analyses were constructed from generalized linear models, under the Poisson family and a logarithmic link function. We found a 9.3% of bullying victimization and a 3.5% prevalence of bully. A higher risk of bully was found among males, persons between 10 and 14 years of age, residents of rural or urban dispersed areas, residents of violent neighborhoods, alcohol consumers at school, and victims of aggression in childhood (RRa > 1.0, p-values <.05). The risk of victimization of bullying was higher in students younger than 15 years old, as residents of urban areas, having a history of childhood aggression, suffering abuse by a close person, and as alcohol users at school. This study provides evidence of risk factors for aggression and bullying that have implications for possible prevention measures in multiple social domains, including the individual, the family, and the school environment.
Language: en
Keywords
risk; bully; aggression; armed conflicts; family; individual; intimidation; school bullying
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778358_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:48
|
en
| 0.953245
|
Citation
Rueda HA, Ward KP, Hoffman S. J. Interpers. Violence 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/08862605231218224
PMID
38149627
Abstract
Adolescent dating violence is a national public health issue and research suggests that aggressive parenting may predict the likelihood that a child will subsequently experience abuse. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parent physical and psychological aggression on adolescent dating violence perpetration and victimization. Data derived from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study resulted in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adolescents in dating relationships at the age of 15 years (N = 952). Utilizing both parent and adolescent data which assessed parenting practices at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15, and adolescent dating violence victimization and perpetration at age 15, we analyzed the data using a latest class analysis. Youth were typologized into three classes: the non-physically aggressive parenting, nonaggressive dating class (Class 1; 16% of youth), the aggressive parenting, nonaggressive dating class (Class 2; 76% of youth), and the aggressive parenting, aggressive dating class (Class 3; 8% of youth). Parents across all three classes utilized high levels of psychologically aggressive parenting. An important finding from this study is that parents' use of both physically and psychologically aggressive parenting only predicted subsequent dating violence victimization and perpetration among a small portion of adolescents. FINDINGS suggest that additional risk factors, including household income and adolescent impulsivity, may help to elucidate pathways to adolescent dating violence. There is also a need to further explore the resiliency factors at play for youth who, despite having experienced both psychologically and physically aggressive parenting across the lifespan, did not experience dating violence victimization or perpetration.
Language: en
Keywords
child abuse; violence exposure; physical abuse; dating violence; domestic violence; intergenerational transmission of trauma; youth violence
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778359_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:54
|
en
| 0.91935
|
Citation
Lu X, Hou C, Bai D, Yang J, He J, Gong X, Cai M, Wang W, Gao J. Nurse Educ. Today 2023; 133: e106074.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106074
PMID
38150776
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of Workplace violence (WPV) among nursing students in clinical practice, and examine the associated factors and nursing practice-related outcomes. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEW METHODS AND DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search was performed in nine databases from inception to Mar 2023. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of WPV. Separate analyses were conducted by WPV type and source. RESULTS: 57 studies involving 23,451 nursing students were identified. The overall prevalence of WPV experienced and witnessed by nursing students was 45.37 % and 53.76 %, respectively, and 13.73 % were unsure if they had WPV. Psychological violence was the most prevalent form of WPV, but the prevalence of WPV also varied by setting and source, with obstetrics and gynaecology (41.25 %) being the most common settings and patients and their relatives (50.80 %) being the most common sources. When exposed to WPV, 65 % of nursing students did nothing except keep quiet, and 74 % did not report it. Concerning the associated factors of WPV, there were few reports on patient-related factors, and the selected studies focused primarily on nursing student- and occupational-related factors. Regarding nursing practice-related outcomes, WPV had a predominantly negative impact on nursing students' professional practice, but it also had a certain motivating effect. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis estimates the global prevalence, associated factors, and nursing practice-related outcomes of WPV among nursing students. The findings confirm the high prevalence of WPV; therefore, schools and institutions should prioritize WPV education and training. The hospital should then formulate WPV laws and regulations, enhance the WPV reporting procedure, and protect the rights and interests of nursing students. Finally, hospital administrators should employ individualized intervention strategies for nursing students based on the variables that affect them.
Language: en
Keywords
Meta-analysis; Workplace violence; Nursing students
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778362_20
| 2024-01-01T21:26:55
|
en
| 0.95229
|
Citation
Board Of Directors AAOP. Pediatrics 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Academy of Pediatrics)
DOI
10.1542/peds.2023-065582
PMID
38148584
Abstract
The violence, suffering, and death from the terrorist attack on Israel and the Israel-Hamas War weigh on us all. Pediatricians-who are called to care for children and keep them safe and healthy-have been reaching out to the American Academy of Pediatrics expressing anguish, outrage, and a deep desire to help stop the killing, ease the suffering, and protect all children from harm.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778364_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:02
|
en
| 0.864883
|
Citation
Ursano RJ. Psychiatry 2023; 86(4): e271.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Guilford Publications)
DOI
10.1080/00332747.2023.2284619
PMID
38149707
Abstract
At the present, we all face, experience, and see a wide range of behaviors in response to our global wars (Ukraine and Israel-Hamas), pandemics (COVID-19) and the mostly national rather than international, mass shootings. Our responses range from horror to shame, from terror to overwhelming anger and sadness. Understanding the feelings, actions and thoughts--and memories they stir--can help us intervene. Healing may be an over stated goal. Forgiving, for some, may not be possible. Return to "normal" is never an option. Disasters such as these set a new baseline of life. We help our patients recover but not to forget; to reengage with those around them and moderate emotions and thoughts. With Nations and communities what are the helpful group, legal and international tools to do the same?
Language: en
Keywords
Humans; *Disasters; *Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology; Armed Conflicts; Mass Shooting Events; Pandemics
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778367_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:08
|
en
| 0.864039
|
Citation
Chopin J, Fortin F, Paquette S, Guay JP, Péloquin O, Chartrand E. Sex. Abuse 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, SAGE Publishing)
DOI
10.1177/10790632231224356
PMID
38149656
Abstract
The current study investigates the criminal career of individuals involved in intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV). Specifically, the goal is to determine whether men who engage in IPSV can be distinguished from those who engage in intimate partner non sexual violence (IPNSV) only and whether criminal trajectories in the resulting subgroup are heterogeneous. The sample comes from a Canadian database including a total of 12,458 individuals involved in IPSV and 32,474 individuals involved in IPNSV). Bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed to examine the differences in the two groups while latent profile analysis allows examining the heterogeneity of characteristics of men who engaged in IPSV. FINDINGS indicate that the criminal career of men who engage in IPSV follows a pattern that is clearly distinct from that of men who engage in IPNSV only and is more specialized in terms of sexual offenses. RESULTS also show that the criminal trajectories followed by the men who engage in IPSV are heterogeneous. Four profiles of different trajectories were identified. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Language: en
Keywords
comparison; criminal career; criminal trajectories; intimate partner sexual violence
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https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778375_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:14
|
en
| 0.89528
|
Citation
Abou El-Fetouh Hamid M. J. Fac. Tour. Hotel Univ. Sadat City 2023; 7(2): 211-240.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, University of Sadat City)
DOI
10.21608/mfth.2023.331882
PMID
unavailable
Abstract
Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City Ancient Egyptian art is full of daily life scenes which give us a great idea about the ancient Egyptian civilization. This study aims to identify the protective equipment that was used by individuals in different occupations like manufacturing, fishing, fowling, playing sports, riding chariots, and battles. These scenes were depicted on the walls of private tombs and some temples. Among this protective equipment is the papyrus float which was used by the fisherman and boatman during the sailing or hunting scenes for a protection from drowning, also there is a papyrus mat which was used by the herdsmen to protect himself from the wind in the desert. During the smelting process, the workers sometimes used stone or wooden sticks as handles to protect themselves from the heat of the vessel. As for the protective cloth, the ancient Egyptian used loincloth, gloves, wristbands, penis sheaths, face bandages, etc. Despite what was expected, there is limited evidence that ancient Egyptians used protective equipment to safeguard their workplaces, so this paper will examine these representations of the protective clothing or equipment used by the Egyptians during their work.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778381_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:16
|
en
| 0.936676
|
Citation
Kernaghan K, Hurst K. BMJ Open Qual. 2023; 12(4): e002448.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, BMJ Publishing Group)
DOI
10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002448
PMID
38154818
Abstract
Violence and aggression (V&A) are identified as an issue on mental health wards that negatively affect staff, patients, care delivery and safety. This project took place on a male acute mental health ward where V&A are known to be an issue with an average of 21.3 incidences per month in the 6 months preceding the project.The aim was to use QI (Quality Improvement) methodology to reduce incidences of V&A by 20% over a 4-month period. A root cause analysis was completed with staff, previous QI projects and literature on interventions for V&A were reviewed. Two changes were introduced via PDSA (plan, do, study, act) cycles; first was a safewards bundle including a training package, weekly emails and noticeboard displays, the second was safety crosses displayed on the ward.There was a reduction in incidences of V&A across the project, mean weekly incidences reduced from 2.5 at baseline audit to 2.0 at the end of the project. This equates to a 20% reduction in V&A. The project did result in an increase of safewards interventions recorded and staff ratings of ward safety improved. There was a statistically significant correlation found between incidences of V&A and rates of restrictive practices.Further analysis of the 20% reduction did not find a special cause variation, so results may be due to a common cause variation rather than the QI interventions. Safety crosses were not found to have an impact on rates of V&A, it is likely these need to be more embedded into communication about V&A on the ward. Potential confounding patient variables such as illicit drug use and history of V&A as well as staffing should be recorded and monitored in future projects. Recommendations to enhance further change should include regular meetings with both staff and patients to support open communication about the topic.
Language: en
Keywords
Nurses; Mental health; Quality improvement
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778395_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:22
|
en
| 0.964409
|
Citation
Paré-Ruel MP, Stack DM, Hastings PD, Serbin LA. Child Dev. 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, John Wiley and Sons)
DOI
10.1111/cdev.14060
PMID
38153212
Abstract
This study investigated specialized and versatile antisocial patterns in preschoolers and examined the link between these patterns and the risk of developing chronic antisocial behaviors throughout childhood. A total of 556 children (50.6% boys, 88% White) participated in this three-wave longitudinal study at 3-5, 6-8, and 10-12 years old. A latent transition analysis revealed that most preschoolers (89.5%) who adopt several subtypes of antisocial behaviors simultaneously exhibit stable and severe antisocial behaviors throughout childhood. In contrast, most preschoolers (60%) who favor one specific subtype of antisocial behaviors desist from such behaviors between preschool and preadolescence. Importantly, aggression accompanied by other subtypes of antisocial behaviors predicted chronicity better than aggression alone, casting doubt on the notion that aggression is the strongest predictor of chronicity.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778398_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:28
|
en
| 0.886623
|
Citation
Grigoreva AD, Rottman J, Tasimi A. Cognition 2023; 244: e105687.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Elsevier Publishing)
DOI
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105687
PMID
38154450
Abstract
Although sexual assault is widely accepted as morally wrong, not all instances of sexual assault are evaluated in the same way. Here, we ask whether different characteristics of victims affect people's moral evaluations of sexual assault perpetrators, and if so, how. We focus on sex robots (i.e., artificially intelligent humanoid social robots designed for sexual gratification) as victims in the present studies because they serve as a clean canvas onto which we can paint different human-like attributes to probe people's moral intuitions regarding sensitive topics. Across four pre-registered experiments conducted with American adults on Prolific (N = 2104), we asked people to evaluate the wrongness of sexual assault against AI-powered robots. People's moral judgments were influenced by the victim's mental capacities (Studies 1 & 2), the victim's interpersonal function (Study 3), the victim's ontological type (Study 4), and the transactional context of the human-robot relationship (Study 4). Overall, by investigating moral reasoning about transgressions against AI robots, we were able to gain unique insights into how people's moral judgments about sexual transgressions can be influenced by victim attributes.
Language: en
Keywords
Robots; Moral judgment; Mind attribution; Moral psychology; Sexual assault; Sexual consent
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778401_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:35
|
en
| 0.904962
|
Citation
Bullman TA, Akhtar FZ, Morley SW, Weitlauf JC, Cypel YS, Culpepper WJ, Schneiderman AI, Britton PC, Davey VJ. JAMA Netw. Open 2023; 6(12): e2347616.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Medical Association)
DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47616
PMID
38153739
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: There are persistent questions about suicide deaths among US veterans who served in the Vietnam War. It has been believed that Vietnam War veterans may be at an increased risk for suicide. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether military service in the Vietnam War was associated with an increased risk of suicide, and to enumerate the number of suicides and analyze patterns in suicides among Vietnam War theater veterans compared with the US population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study compiled a roster of all Vietnam War-era veterans and Vietnam War theater veterans who served between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. The 2 cohorts included theater veterans, defined as those who were deployed to the Vietnam War, and nontheater veterans, defined as those who served during the Vietnam War era but were not deployed to the Vietnam War. Mortality in these 2 cohorts was monitored from 1979 (beginning of follow-up) through 2019 (end of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and July 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The outcome of interest was death by suicide occurring between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2019. Suicide mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) that reflected adjusted associations between suicide risk and theater status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated to compare the number of suicides among theater and nontheater veterans with the expected number of suicides among the US population. RESULTS: This study identified 2 465 343 theater veterans (2 450 025 males [99.4%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.8 [6.7] years) and 7 122 976 nontheater veterans (6 874 606 males [96.5%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.3 [8.2] years). There were 22 736 suicides (24.1%) among theater veterans and 71 761 (75.9%) among nontheater veterans. After adjustments for covariates, Vietnam War deployment was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96). There was no increased risk of suicide among either theater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) or nontheater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) veterans compared with the US population. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study found no association between Vietnam War-era military service and increased risk of suicide between 1979 and 2019. Nonetheless, the 94 497 suicides among all Vietnam War-era veterans during this period are noteworthy and merit the ongoing attention of health policymakers and mental health professionals.
Language: en
Keywords
Humans; Male; Cohort Studies; *Suicide; *Veterans; Data Analysis; Vietnam/epidemiology
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778435_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:42
|
en
| 0.943242
|
Citation
Aubel AJ, Wintemute GJ, Kravitz-Wirtz N. JAMA Netw. Open 2023; 6(12): e2349656.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, American Medical Association)
DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49656
PMID
38153740
Abstract
Optimism bias, the perception that favorable events are more likely and adverse events less likely to happen to oneself vs similar others, is common across numerous health and safety topics.1 In the case of firearms, research suggests that members of households with firearms are, as a group, less likely to worry about sustaining a firearm injury than members of households without guns2 despite evidence that firearms in homes elevate firearm injury risk.3 However, it remains unclear whether within-individual firearm-related risk perceptions vary depending on whether safety and risk are evaluated for themselves or for others.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778436_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:48
|
en
| 0.917956
|
Brothers win lottery, split prize equally after lifelong pact
CEDAR BLUFF, Va. (Gray News) – Many people have pacts with loved ones about splitting prize money if they ever win the lottery. For two brothers in Virginia, that pact became a reality.
According to the Virginia Lottery, Tim and Steve Conwell have always had an arrangement when it comes to playing the lottery.
“We always say that if one of us wins, we’ll split it,” Tim Conwell told Virginia Lottery officials.
Tim Conwell bought a Cash 5 with EZ Match ticket at Virginia Hillbilly Market in Cedar Bluff and selected a set of numbers containing family birthdays.
The ticket matched all five winning numbers in the Dec. 18 drawing, winning $230,000.
“I couldn’t wait for my brother to wake up so I could tell him,” Tim Conwell said.
The Conwell brothers agreed to split the prize money equally.
The odds of matching all five numbers to win the jackpot are 1 in 749,398.
Copyright 2024 Gray Media Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
https://www.wlbt.com/2024/01/01/brothers-win-lottery-split-prize-equally-after-lifelong-pact/
| 2024-01-01T21:27:50
|
en
| 0.957797
|
Citation
Maurya P, Muhammad T, Maurya C. PLoS One 2023; 18(12): e0283175.
Copyright
(Copyright © 2023, Public Library of Science)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0283175
PMID
38153957
Abstract
PURPOSE: The study aimed to examine the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence and experiencing childhood abuse on victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) after marriage among adolescent and young girls. METHOD: Data were drawn from the second wave of the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey (2018-2019). The sample size was 5480 married adolescent and young girls aged 13-23 years. The outcome variable of the study was the victimization of IPV. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed. RESULT: A total of 39% of married adolescent and young girls experienced physical violence, followed by sexual violence (35%) and emotional violence (28%) by their partner. Around 30% of respondents witnessed inter-parental violence, and 32% of the participants were beaten by their parents during childhood. Participants who had witnessed inter-parental violence were significantly correlated with experiencing childhood abuse, and this association was positively correlated with exposure to IPV in adolescence and young adulthood. Further, the parameter estimates of the indicators of IPV were highest for emotional violence (1.10) followed by physical violence (1.00) and sexual violence (0.62). Witnessing inter-parental violence significantly increases parents' physical violence to adolescents and young adult girls (β = 0.49, P<0.001, CI: 0.47-0.51). No tie between witnessing inter-parental violence and childhood abuse mediates their effect on later victimization of IPV. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that witnessing inter-parental violence is a strong risk factor for IPV victimization among adolescent and young adult girls. Our findings advocate prerequisite collaborative effort with multiple service providers for greater empowerment at national, state, community, and family levels to achieve SDG goals pertaining to eliminating violence against women.
Language: en
|
https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds%5B%5D=citjournalarticle_778444_20
| 2024-01-01T21:27:54
|
en
| 0.934203
|
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