id int64 1 141k | title stringlengths 15 150 | body stringlengths 45 28.5k | tags stringlengths 1 102 | label int64 1 1 | text stringlengths 128 28.6k | source stringclasses 1
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43,635 | The NRA is a major known U.S. lobbying group claiming to protect the second amendment. Do equivalent groups exist for other amendments? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, the NRA's <a href="https://www.guidestar.org/profile/53-0116130#mission-statement" rel="nofollow noreferrer">first point</a> in its mission statement talks about its insistence on the defense of the <a href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Stat... | united states constitution lobbying | 1 | The NRA is a major known U.S. lobbying group claiming to protect the second amendment. Do equivalent groups exist for other amendments? -- (united states constitution lobbying)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, the NRA's <a href="https://www.guidestar.org/profile/53-0116130#mission-statement" rel="n... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,651 | Pakistan Occupied Kashmir | <p>After India abrogated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Article 370</a> and accessed Kashmir to the Indian union, there has been huge opposition from the Pakistani administration. </p>

<p>What I want to know is whether <a href="htt... | constitution india pakistan independence kashmir | 1 | Pakistan Occupied Kashmir -- (constitution india pakistan independence kashmir)
<p>After India abrogated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Article 370</a> and accessed Kashmir to the Indian union, there has been huge opposition from the Pakist... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,652 | Why did issues about rural district representation not concern framers of the 17th amendment? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxvii" rel="nofollow noreferrer">17th amendment</a> changed the election of senators from state legislatures to the popular vote:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><strong>Amendment XVII</strong> </p>&#x... | united states constitution amendment seventeenth amendment | 1 | Why did issues about rural district representation not concern framers of the 17th amendment? -- (united states constitution amendment seventeenth amendment)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxvii" rel="nofollow noreferrer">17th amendmen... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,688 | What if Hong Kong airport protest happened in the US? | <p>I only mentioned Hong Kong here to provide context.</p>

<p>Here's what I am interested in:</p>

<p>What would happen if a similar protest happened in the US (from a legal perspective, by which I mean what of the following is allowed by the US law, and how would the US law treat these actions)?</p>&#... | united states law protests | 1 | What if Hong Kong airport protest happened in the US? -- (united states law protests)
<p>I only mentioned Hong Kong here to provide context.</p>

<p>Here's what I am interested in:</p>

<p>What would happen if a similar protest happened in the US (from a legal perspective, by which I mean what of the fo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,692 | Why does Biden show two trend-lines with his polls? | <p>Looking at the <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/us/2020_democratic_presidential_nomination-6730.html#polls" rel="noreferrer">poll numbers shown by realclearpolitics.com</a> for 2020 Democratic Presidential Nomination. Specifically Biden's poll numbers. There seems to be two trend-line... | united states presidential election polling | 1 | Why does Biden show two trend-lines with his polls? -- (united states presidential election polling)
<p>Looking at the <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/us/2020_democratic_presidential_nomination-6730.html#polls" rel="noreferrer">poll numbers shown by realclearpolitics.com</a> for 2020 De... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,696 | Why won't the Republicans use a superdelegate system like the DNC in their nomination process? | <p>Why won't the Republicans use a superdelegate system like the DNC in their nomination process? Is there a reason why they didn't push for this yet? What does the Republican party think of a superdelegate system and why did the DNC opt for it while the Republican party has not yet implemented such a system?</p>
 | united states election republican party nomination | 1 | Why won't the Republicans use a superdelegate system like the DNC in their nomination process? -- (united states election republican party nomination)
<p>Why won't the Republicans use a superdelegate system like the DNC in their nomination process? Is there a reason why they didn't push for this yet? What does the Repu... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,705 | Would the USA be eligible to join the European Union? | <p>This question is motivated by the interesting answers given in a similar question on <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/8425/why-doesnt-russia-join-the-european-union">Russia</a>. Let's imagine the USA leaders would want to join the European Union, would they be eligible?</p>

<p>There are... | united states european union | 1 | Would the USA be eligible to join the European Union? -- (united states european union)
<p>This question is motivated by the interesting answers given in a similar question on <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/8425/why-doesnt-russia-join-the-european-union">Russia</a>. Let's imagine the USA leaders ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,713 | Why not demand President's/candidate's financial records instead of tax returns? | <p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/12421/what-significance-could-the-information-in-donald-trumps-tax-return-have-to-his">What significance could the information in Donald Trump's tax return have to his campaign?</a> addresses what information could be gleaned from Donald Trump's tax returns i... | united states presidential election taxes | 1 | Why not demand President's/candidate's financial records instead of tax returns? -- (united states presidential election taxes)
<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/12421/what-significance-could-the-information-in-donald-trumps-tax-return-have-to-his">What significance could the information in Donal... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,716 | Could the US federal government turn a state into a territory like India has with Jammu and Kashmir | <p>India has recently begun the process of turning one of the states of India into 2 territories with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019</a>. Disregarding the rights and wrongs of this, it seems to ... | united states territory statehood | 1 | Could the US federal government turn a state into a territory like India has with Jammu and Kashmir -- (united states territory statehood)
<p>India has recently begun the process of turning one of the states of India into 2 territories with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,726 | Could Congress annul a declaration of war from the U.S. President? | <p>Could Congress annul a declaration of war from the U.S. President? Let's say that the President declared war against Cuba for no reason, could Congress step in and annul the declaration of war or is the President's prerogative to declare war on any country absolute in American law? Is there really no recourse whatso... | united states law congress war | 1 | Could Congress annul a declaration of war from the U.S. President? -- (united states law congress war)
<p>Could Congress annul a declaration of war from the U.S. President? Let's say that the President declared war against Cuba for no reason, could Congress step in and annul the declaration of war or is the President's... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,730 | Has there ever been a notable proposal to amend Article V of the U.S. Constitution? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>In the U.S. Constitution, the process by which the Constitution can be amended is laid out in <a href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/constitution/article-v.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Article V</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Article V</strong></p>
<p>The Congress... | united states constitution amendment | 1 | Has there ever been a notable proposal to amend Article V of the U.S. Constitution? -- (united states constitution amendment)
<h1>Background</h1>
<p>In the U.S. Constitution, the process by which the Constitution can be amended is laid out in <a href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/constitution/article-v... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,744 | How was voting "present" on the Green New Deal resolution meant to be taken as a protest? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>Back in March 26th, of 2019, Mitch McConnell <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-fails-advance-green-new-deal-democrats-protest-mcconnell-sham-n987506" rel="nofollow noreferrer">forced a vote</a> on the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-res... | united states senate | 1 | How was voting "present" on the Green New Deal resolution meant to be taken as a protest? -- (united states senate)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>Back in March 26th, of 2019, Mitch McConnell <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-fails-advance-green-new-deal-democrats-protest-mcconnell-sham-n987506... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,747 | How were unconstitutional laws invalidated before Marbury v Madison? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>In the United States, one of the lasting conclusions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><em>Marbury V. Madison</em></a> was the establishment of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_review" rel="nofollow noreferrer">judicial revi... | united states constitution supreme court | 1 | How were unconstitutional laws invalidated before Marbury v Madison? -- (united states constitution supreme court)
<h1>Background</h1>
<p>In the United States, one of the lasting conclusions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><em>Marbury V. Madison</em></a> was t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,748 | Does each different kind of Congressional act require a different level of rigor? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the legislative branch, there are <a href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/congress/congress-glossary.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">several kinds of acts</a> congress can initiate:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>A Bill, which is a proposed law that originates in either the House of... | united states law legislative process | 1 | Does each different kind of Congressional act require a different level of rigor? -- (united states law legislative process)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the legislative branch, there are <a href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/congress/congress-glossary.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">several kinds of acts</... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,749 | Are there any major differences between the powers of an acting president and the actual president? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>Sections 3 and 4 of the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">25th amendment</a> talks about the role of Acting President.</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Section 3.
 Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore... | united states president constitution 25th amendment | 1 | Are there any major differences between the powers of an acting president and the actual president? -- (united states president constitution 25th amendment)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>Sections 3 and 4 of the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">25th amendment</a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,757 | What are the geopolitical reasons for the United States wanting to buy Greenland? | <p>Apparently, the US has been interested in buying <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Greenland</a> (an autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark) since at least 1946 when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Tru... | united states land denmark greenland | 1 | What are the geopolitical reasons for the United States wanting to buy Greenland? -- (united states land denmark greenland)
<p>Apparently, the US has been interested in buying <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Greenland</a> (an autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark) sinc... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,765 | Who cannot be the Prime Minister of the UK? | <p>Other than the ability to survive votes of confidence, are there any rules on who may or may not be Prime Minister of the UK? E.g. could the monarch be the PM? Could a non-UK-national? Could a minor?</p>
 | united kingdom constitution prime minister | 1 | Who cannot be the Prime Minister of the UK? -- (united kingdom constitution prime minister)
<p>Other than the ability to survive votes of confidence, are there any rules on who may or may not be Prime Minister of the UK? E.g. could the monarch be the PM? Could a non-UK-national? Could a minor?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,768 | Can the president or the Congress pass a law to dismantle the super-delegate system used by the DNC? | <p>Can the president or the Congress pass a law to dismantle the super-delegate system used by the DNC? Or is it somehow outside their power to do so and each party can set up their own rules as long as it doesn't conflict with existing laws? I am tempted to believe this being a rule within an organization, the state h... | united states election law presidential election | 1 | Can the president or the Congress pass a law to dismantle the super-delegate system used by the DNC? -- (united states election law presidential election)
<p>Can the president or the Congress pass a law to dismantle the super-delegate system used by the DNC? Or is it somehow outside their power to do so and each party ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,772 | How does Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act shield companies from liability of bias? | <p>Section 230(c)(1):</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>There has been a lot of discussion about how this section sh... | united states internet | 1 | How does Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act shield companies from liability of bias? -- (united states internet)
<p>Section 230(c)(1):</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,777 | What happens if Japan refuses to pay the U.S. for its military presence? | <p>What happens if Japan refuses to <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/01/31/national/much-japan-pay-host-u-s-forces-depends-ask/#.XViGmXFKjeQ" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pay the U.S.</a> for its military presence? Is there a procedure for such a situation? Or would the U.S. simply pull its troops out of Ja... | united states international japan | 1 | What happens if Japan refuses to pay the U.S. for its military presence? -- (united states international japan)
<p>What happens if Japan refuses to <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/01/31/national/much-japan-pay-host-u-s-forces-depends-ask/#.XViGmXFKjeQ" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pay the U.S.</a> for its ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,785 | What prevents Hong Kong from punishing people who committed crimes in China in Hong Kong? | <p>What prevents Hong Kong from punishing people who committed crimes in China in Hong Kong? As you know, there were a lot of protests against the extradition law that the government of Hong Kong wanted to pass, but I was wondering if China wanted to really punish them, why wouldn't they allow Hong Kong to punish the p... | law china hong kong | 1 | What prevents Hong Kong from punishing people who committed crimes in China in Hong Kong? -- (law china hong kong)
<p>What prevents Hong Kong from punishing people who committed crimes in China in Hong Kong? As you know, there were a lot of protests against the extradition law that the government of Hong Kong wanted to... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,790 | What bill provided for public viewing of bills before Congressional vote? | <p>I cannot remember the name of this failed bill. I forget if it pertained to the House or the Senate or both. </p>

<p>The proposed legislation essentially stated that a bill would have to be viewed in its entirety before being voted on for some number of days.</p>

<p>So, the question is 'what is th... | united states congress legislation | 1 | What bill provided for public viewing of bills before Congressional vote? -- (united states congress legislation)
<p>I cannot remember the name of this failed bill. I forget if it pertained to the House or the Senate or both. </p>

<p>The proposed legislation essentially stated that a bill would have to be vie... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,791 | Would it be illegal for Facebook to actively promote a political agenda? | <p>There's a lot of discussion in the past years on whether or not Facebook is using their platform to promote a certain political agenda and influence elections. Facebook denies such accusations but even if they did try to influence things behind the scenes, wouldn't it be perfectly legal? There are certainly media ch... | united states freedom of speech first amendment | 1 | Would it be illegal for Facebook to actively promote a political agenda? -- (united states freedom of speech first amendment)
<p>There's a lot of discussion in the past years on whether or not Facebook is using their platform to promote a certain political agenda and influence elections. Facebook denies such accusation... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,799 | How could China have extradited people for political reason under the extradition law it wanted to pass in Hong Kong? | <p>How could China have extradited people for political reason under the extradition law it wanted to pass in Hong Kong? According to a news outlet, the extradition law had the following clause:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Once the court decides that there is no political motive behind the
 extradition requ... | law china hong kong | 1 | How could China have extradited people for political reason under the extradition law it wanted to pass in Hong Kong? -- (law china hong kong)
<p>How could China have extradited people for political reason under the extradition law it wanted to pass in Hong Kong? According to a news outlet, the extradition law had the ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,814 | How does the government purchase things? | <p>After congress passes a budget and the president signs it, how are the funds acquired and how are they spent? Let's use the example: The defense budget has line items for the Department of Defense to purchase a new war ship?</p>

<hr>

<p>I understand that the government collects taxes, sells bonds, ... | united states budget legislation | 1 | How does the government purchase things? -- (united states budget legislation)
<p>After congress passes a budget and the president signs it, how are the funds acquired and how are they spent? Let's use the example: The defense budget has line items for the Department of Defense to purchase a new war ship?</p>

... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,821 | Difference between Motion and Resolution | <p>Often in legislative bodies, we can find terms like "the motion is accepted" or "the resolution is accepted". </p>

<p>Now, I know that they both mean the same thing of a house's deliberation on a particular issue, but what is the exact difference between a motion and resolution?
Does a motion become res... | parliament terminology | 1 | Difference between Motion and Resolution -- (parliament terminology)
<p>Often in legislative bodies, we can find terms like "the motion is accepted" or "the resolution is accepted". </p>

<p>Now, I know that they both mean the same thing of a house's deliberation on a particular issue, but what is the exact dif... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,824 | Why is statutory rape "strict liability"? | <p>I've heard that statutory rape, that is, sex with girls under 18 works under strict liability principle.</p>

<p>Why?</p>

<p>Is this even true?</p>

<p>Even murder, that obviously cause far more damage, has 1st degree, 2nd degree, and so on.</p>

<p>Why statutory rape is made strict ... | law | 1 | Why is statutory rape "strict liability"? -- (law)
<p>I've heard that statutory rape, that is, sex with girls under 18 works under strict liability principle.</p>

<p>Why?</p>

<p>Is this even true?</p>

<p>Even murder, that obviously cause far more damage, has 1st degree, 2nd degree, and so on.... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,825 | Why is Boris Johnson visiting only Paris & Berlin if every member of the EU needs to agree on a withdrawal deal? | <blockquote>
<p>LONDON: Boris Johnson will tell Angela Merkel and Emmanuel Macron that there must be a new Brexit deal when he makes his first trip abroad as Prime Minister.</p>
<p>Johnson will make clear to the French president and German chancellor that Britain will leave the European Union on October 31 with... | united kingdom european union brexit boris johnson | 1 | Why is Boris Johnson visiting only Paris & Berlin if every member of the EU needs to agree on a withdrawal deal? -- (united kingdom european union brexit boris johnson)
<blockquote>
<p>LONDON: Boris Johnson will tell Angela Merkel and Emmanuel Macron that there must be a new Brexit deal when he makes his first trip... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,829 | How much aid does Pakistan get from US? | <p>How much aid does Pakistan get from US currently and how much it was getting in past?</p>
 | united states pakistan foreign aid | 1 | How much aid does Pakistan get from US? -- (united states pakistan foreign aid)
<p>How much aid does Pakistan get from US currently and how much it was getting in past?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,834 | To what extent does China control Hong Kong's highest courts and ordinary courts? | <p>To what extent does China control Hong Kong's highest courts and ordinary courts? Some people have suggested that the chief executive of Hong Kong needs to be approved by China and thus it has some level of control over him; however true that might be, the next natural question is does it apply to the courts in Hong... | law china hong kong | 1 | To what extent does China control Hong Kong's highest courts and ordinary courts? -- (law china hong kong)
<p>To what extent does China control Hong Kong's highest courts and ordinary courts? Some people have suggested that the chief executive of Hong Kong needs to be approved by China and thus it has some level of con... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,839 | Can Twitter actions be treated as a political censorship? | <p>As I heard some time ago, Twitter blocked about 200k accounts of HongKong protests unsupporters (source: <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-twitter/twitter-facebook-accuse-china-of-using-fake-accounts-to-undermine-hong-kong-protests-idUSKCN1V91NX" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.reut... | united states china geopolitics hong kong censorship | 1 | Can Twitter actions be treated as a political censorship? -- (united states china geopolitics hong kong censorship)
<p>As I heard some time ago, Twitter blocked about 200k accounts of HongKong protests unsupporters (source: <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-twitter/twitter-facebook-accuse-ch... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,844 | Has any president benefited in elections from partially repairing the economy after damaging it? | <p>I've seen <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/37469/evidence-in-support-of-highly-myopic-retrospective-voting">evidence</a> that the American people (and no doubt people in other countries) tend to be rather myopic when it comes to deciding who to elect, specifically they only tend to look at the l... | united states election economy | 1 | Has any president benefited in elections from partially repairing the economy after damaging it? -- (united states election economy)
<p>I've seen <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/37469/evidence-in-support-of-highly-myopic-retrospective-voting">evidence</a> that the American people (and no doubt peo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,847 | What is the improvement of the "legally binding commitment" proposed by Boris Johnson over the existing "backstop"? | <p>As explained in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/aug/19/eu-unconvinced-as-boris-johnson-sets-out-fresh-bid-to-remove-brexit-backstop" rel="noreferrer">this article</a> in The Guardian,</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Boris Johnson has written to the EU suggesting the backstop could be
 repl... | united kingdom european union brexit northern ireland ireland | 1 | What is the improvement of the "legally binding commitment" proposed by Boris Johnson over the existing "backstop"? -- (united kingdom european union brexit northern ireland ireland)
<p>As explained in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/aug/19/eu-unconvinced-as-boris-johnson-sets-out-fresh-bid-to-remove... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,855 | How would one country purchase another? | <p>Recently, the Trump administration <a href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/16/trump-has-privately-talked-about-us-purchase-of-greenland-sources" rel="noreferrer">expressed interest in purchasing Greenland</a>. How exactly would this work? I would assume voters in both countries would be on board? Who would the pay... | united states foreign policy greenland | 1 | How would one country purchase another? -- (united states foreign policy greenland)
<p>Recently, the Trump administration <a href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/16/trump-has-privately-talked-about-us-purchase-of-greenland-sources" rel="noreferrer">expressed interest in purchasing Greenland</a>. How exactly would thi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,857 | What happens if no one in the line of US presidential succession is eligible to become president? | <p>As I understand it, should the president of the US die/become unfit for office, the vice president would become president, and if the vice president (now president) were to die/become unfit for office, the Speaker of the House would become president and so on, down the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_S... | united states president succession | 1 | What happens if no one in the line of US presidential succession is eligible to become president? -- (united states president succession)
<p>As I understand it, should the president of the US die/become unfit for office, the vice president would become president, and if the vice president (now president) were to die/be... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,865 | What protections, if any, do local staff at a foreign mission have? | <p>There were <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-49403619" rel="nofollow noreferrer">reports</a> on Tuesday that an employee of the British Consulate in Hong Kong has gone missing while on a business trip to mainland China. It is believed that he was detained by Chinese officials on the Hong Kong-Chi... | international relations diplomacy vienna convention | 1 | What protections, if any, do local staff at a foreign mission have? -- (international relations diplomacy vienna convention)
<p>There were <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-49403619" rel="nofollow noreferrer">reports</a> on Tuesday that an employee of the British Consulate in Hong Kong has gone missi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,869 | In United States resolutions, does the word "Whereas" serve a specific procedural purpose? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>In government resolutions, sometimes you have text worded as below:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Whereas the United States is currently experiencing several related crises, with— ....</p>
<p>Whereas climate change, pollution, and environmental destruction have...</p>
</blockquote>
... | united states legislation | 1 | In United States resolutions, does the word "Whereas" serve a specific procedural purpose? -- (united states legislation)
<h1>Background</h1>
<p>In government resolutions, sometimes you have text worded as below:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Whereas the United States is currently experiencing several related crises,... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,871 | Why is neither methane nor fracking mentioned in the Green New Deal? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>The <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Green New Deal</a> cites the <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ºC</a> in the first paragraph establishing the issu... | united states climate change environmental policy green new deal | 1 | Why is neither methane nor fracking mentioned in the Green New Deal? -- (united states climate change environmental policy green new deal)
<h1>Background</h1>
<p>The <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Green New Deal</a> cites the <a href="https... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,874 | Brexit and backstop: would changes require unanimous approval by all EU countries? Does Ireland hold a veto? | <p>A number of EU rules need to be agreed to unanimously: new members, treaties, taxation, IIRC.</p>

<p>Ireland (the Republic, not NI) has repeatedly stated its concerns with the re-introduction of a hard border, a concern the backstop was designed to avoid.</p>

<p>The new UK Prime Minister Boris Joh... | brexit northern ireland republic of ireland ireland | 1 | Brexit and backstop: would changes require unanimous approval by all EU countries? Does Ireland hold a veto? -- (brexit northern ireland republic of ireland ireland)
<p>A number of EU rules need to be agreed to unanimously: new members, treaties, taxation, IIRC.</p>

<p>Ireland (the Republic, not NI) has repea... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,881 | What is the political meaning of "shaheed" in India? | <p>Literally, the word "shaheed" in Arabic means "martyr". But the word also has a more specific political meaning. </p>

<p>In the Middle East, the term "shaheed" often indicates a Muslim suicide bomber acting against a non-Muslim target. 
<a href="http://garhwalpost.in/5th-edition-of-shaheed-memorial-t-20... | india terminology | 1 | What is the political meaning of "shaheed" in India? -- (india terminology)
<p>Literally, the word "shaheed" in Arabic means "martyr". But the word also has a more specific political meaning. </p>

<p>In the Middle East, the term "shaheed" often indicates a Muslim suicide bomber acting against a non-Muslim targ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,883 | How do Town Halls work? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>I know some people who will soon be attending a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/880187132346340/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">town hall</a> in Massachusetts. I have never been to one or known anyone before this one who is going. Given that this is an event that will be political i... | united states | 1 | How do Town Halls work? -- (united states)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>I know some people who will soon be attending a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/880187132346340/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">town hall</a> in Massachusetts. I have never been to one or known anyone before this one who is going. Given tha... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,888 | What would it take for South Tyrol to declare independence? | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_independence_movement#Popularity" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia notes that</a> in South Tyrol:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Polls held by the Austrian research institute Karmasin show that 54% of German or Ladin-speaking South Tyroleans would support ... | independence italy | 1 | What would it take for South Tyrol to declare independence? -- (independence italy)
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_independence_movement#Popularity" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia notes that</a> in South Tyrol:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Polls held by the Austrian research institu... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,899 | Would Greenland need the permission of Denmark to make a deal with the United States if they became independent? | <p>Greenland is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark"</a> with "home rule" granted since 1979. As part of a self-rule law passed in 2009 (section §21), Greenland can <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_independence#Mo... | united states denmark greenland | 1 | Would Greenland need the permission of Denmark to make a deal with the United States if they became independent? -- (united states denmark greenland)
<p>Greenland is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark"</a> with "home rule" granted... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,919 | Are there standardized definitions for systems of government? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>I am a counselor for the <a href="https://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Citizenship_in_the_World" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Citizenship in the World</a> merit badge in Boy Scouts. I have only taught the badge once and trying to teach this requirement has tripped me up. It still trips me... | form of government international standards | 1 | Are there standardized definitions for systems of government? -- (form of government international standards)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>I am a counselor for the <a href="https://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Citizenship_in_the_World" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Citizenship in the World</a> merit badge in Boy Scouts... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,925 | Are there any elected officials in the U.S. who are not legislators, judges, or constitutional officers? | <p>This question is as put in the title.</p>

<p>It is general knowledge that legislators, high executive offices, and some judges are elected. But are any other elected government offices?</p>

<p>An example could be a position in an independent agency—part of the executive but whose officials are not ... | united states election | 1 | Are there any elected officials in the U.S. who are not legislators, judges, or constitutional officers? -- (united states election)
<p>This question is as put in the title.</p>

<p>It is general knowledge that legislators, high executive offices, and some judges are elected. But are any other elected governmen... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,933 | Would the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland be interested in reuniting? | <p>One of the major issues which the EU and UK will face in case of a no-deal Brexit is the question of the border between the Republic of Ireland (country in the EU) and Northern Ireland (part of the UK).</p>

<p>Putting aside the fact that the UK would probably never allow for such thing to happen, <strong>wo... | united kingdom brexit northern ireland republic of ireland | 1 | Would the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland be interested in reuniting? -- (united kingdom brexit northern ireland republic of ireland)
<p>One of the major issues which the EU and UK will face in case of a no-deal Brexit is the question of the border between the Republic of Ireland (country in the EU) and Northe... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,943 | What will come after a US withdrawal from Afghanistan? | <p>The United States and the Taliban may be nearing an agreement to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan after more than 17 years of conflict.</p>

<p>In return, the Taliban would commit to refusing access to anti-American organizations such as al-Qaida on its territory.</p>

<p>but as an Afghan Citize... | nato afghanistan taliban | 1 | What will come after a US withdrawal from Afghanistan? -- (nato afghanistan taliban)
<p>The United States and the Taliban may be nearing an agreement to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan after more than 17 years of conflict.</p>

<p>In return, the Taliban would commit to refusing access to anti-American org... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,949 | Where can I find the authors of the various drafts of a bill? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/43751/19306">This answer</a> to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/43748/19306">this question</a> contained some text from a former state legislative staff person:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>As a former (state) legislative ... | united states legislative process | 1 | Where can I find the authors of the various drafts of a bill? -- (united states legislative process)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/43751/19306">This answer</a> to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/43748/19306">this question</a> contained some text from a forme... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,960 | Why is the UK so keen to remove the "backstop" when their leadership seems to think that no border will be needed in Northern Ireland? | <p>The "backstop" is a part of the Brexit agreement that EU negotiated with British Prime Minister May. It is a fallback option to be enforced <strong>only if no solution is found</strong> for the border issue between Ireland and Northern Ireland.</p>

<p>In <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2... | united kingdom brexit northern ireland | 1 | Why is the UK so keen to remove the "backstop" when their leadership seems to think that no border will be needed in Northern Ireland? -- (united kingdom brexit northern ireland)
<p>The "backstop" is a part of the Brexit agreement that EU negotiated with British Prime Minister May. It is a fallback option to be enforce... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,962 | Can the president be investigated by the SEC for stock manipulation? | <p>Can the president be investigated by the SEC for stock manipulation? This year the SEC investigated Elon Musk for possible stock manipulation through social media posts, and he was ordered to stop making tweets related to his business. Today, Trump made a post that led to a major drop in the stock market. This wasn'... | united states law | 1 | Can the president be investigated by the SEC for stock manipulation? -- (united states law)
<p>Can the president be investigated by the SEC for stock manipulation? This year the SEC investigated Elon Musk for possible stock manipulation through social media posts, and he was ordered to stop making tweets related to his... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,967 | Can U.N. decide to send fire fighters to fight Amazon rainforest fires | <p>I’m curious if U.N. has rights to call an emergency meeting and vote to send everything necessary to help to fight natural disaster, given that causes of rainforest extinction might be felt globally ?
This is considering situation when Brazil government doesn’t ask for international help ?</p>
 | united nations | 1 | Can U.N. decide to send fire fighters to fight Amazon rainforest fires -- (united nations)
<p>I’m curious if U.N. has rights to call an emergency meeting and vote to send everything necessary to help to fight natural disaster, given that causes of rainforest extinction might be felt globally ?
This is considering s... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,971 | UK: "limited nuclear strike" policy (history, details, politics, etc) | <p>In a recent submission to a UK parliamentary committee the former chief of the navy (Lord West) was talking about a policy change which surprised me, that "recently" (some point in the last 10-20 years) the UK have changed policy such that a nuclear attack with a single trident SLBM might be ordered (rather than tri... | united kingdom military nuclear weapons | 1 | UK: "limited nuclear strike" policy (history, details, politics, etc) -- (united kingdom military nuclear weapons)
<p>In a recent submission to a UK parliamentary committee the former chief of the navy (Lord West) was talking about a policy change which surprised me, that "recently" (some point in the last 10-20 years)... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,973 | What can the U.S. do against the EU subsidizing its tech industry? | <p>The EU <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/23/eu-drafts-plan-for-fund-to-take-on-big-us-tech-companies-reports-say.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">drafted a plan for a hundred billion-dollar fund to take on US tech firms</a>, or so the reports say. </p>

<p>I was wondering if that plan is against WTO rules... | international law international wto technology subsidies | 1 | What can the U.S. do against the EU subsidizing its tech industry? -- (international law international wto technology subsidies)
<p>The EU <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/23/eu-drafts-plan-for-fund-to-take-on-big-us-tech-companies-reports-say.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">drafted a plan for a hundred billion-do... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,975 | How does a government agency know if it is compromised? | <p>The U.S. spies on other nations and in turn gets spied on. I don't think I need a citation to prove this. </p>

<p>Every now and then, there are people who gain access to highly classified information and transfer it. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_spy_cases_in_the_United_States" re... | united states executive espionage counterintelligence | 1 | How does a government agency know if it is compromised? -- (united states executive espionage counterintelligence)
<p>The U.S. spies on other nations and in turn gets spied on. I don't think I need a citation to prove this. </p>

<p>Every now and then, there are people who gain access to highly classified info... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,982 | Is there a reason why countries cannot increase their vote count at any time by giving money to the IMF? | <p><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx</a></p>

<blockquote>
 <p>The Board of Governors, the highest decision-making body of the IMF,
 consists of one governor and one alternate governor for... | international law international | 1 | Is there a reason why countries cannot increase their vote count at any time by giving money to the IMF? -- (international law international)
<p><a href="https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx</a></p>

<blockquot... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,983 | Cost of oil sanctions to world's consumers | <blockquote>
 <p>Crude oil prices could sink by as much as $30 a barrel if China decides to buy Iranian crude oil in retaliation to the latest U.S. tariff measures, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch. </p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/05/brent-and-wti-price-could-cras... | economy sanctions | 1 | Cost of oil sanctions to world's consumers -- (economy sanctions)
<blockquote>
 <p>Crude oil prices could sink by as much as $30 a barrel if China decides to buy Iranian crude oil in retaliation to the latest U.S. tariff measures, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch. </p>
</blockquote>

<p><a hr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,989 | Why did the population of Bhutan drop by 70% between 2007 and 2008? | <p>I was looking at a <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_pa%C5%84stw_%C5%9Bwiata_wed%C5%82ug_liczby_ludno%C5%9Bci" rel="noreferrer">list of countries and their population on Polish Wikipedia</a>. (It provides data for multiple years which I couldn't find in English.)</p>

<p>I noticed one quirk: betwe... | population bhutan | 1 | Why did the population of Bhutan drop by 70% between 2007 and 2008? -- (population bhutan)
<p>I was looking at a <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_pa%C5%84stw_%C5%9Bwiata_wed%C5%82ug_liczby_ludno%C5%9Bci" rel="noreferrer">list of countries and their population on Polish Wikipedia</a>. (It provides data for m... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,992 | According to UK government, Parliament cannot stop a no-deal Brexit: Could this also be used to push through the agreement agreed by Theresa May? | <p>According to <a href="https://inews.co.uk/news/brexit/boris-johnson-brexit-no-deal-eu-leaders-angelka-merkel-emmanuel-macron/" rel="noreferrer">this recent news article</a> titled "Boris Johnson to tell EU: UK Parliament cannot stop no-deal Brexit"</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Boris Johnson is to tell EU leade... | united kingdom brexit | 1 | According to UK government, Parliament cannot stop a no-deal Brexit: Could this also be used to push through the agreement agreed by Theresa May? -- (united kingdom brexit)
<p>According to <a href="https://inews.co.uk/news/brexit/boris-johnson-brexit-no-deal-eu-leaders-angelka-merkel-emmanuel-macron/" rel="noreferrer">... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
43,998 | Could the UK amend the European Withdrawal Act and revoke the Article 50 invocation? | <p>Much of the current posture of the UK Government is based on the default action enshrined in the European Withdrawal act, that at the end of the Article 50 period the UK leaves the European Union with or without an agreement.</p>

<p>This was changed previously to move that date from March to October, after ... | united kingdom brexit parliament amendment | 1 | Could the UK amend the European Withdrawal Act and revoke the Article 50 invocation? -- (united kingdom brexit parliament amendment)
<p>Much of the current posture of the UK Government is based on the default action enshrined in the European Withdrawal act, that at the end of the Article 50 period the UK leaves the Eur... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,009 | Could Boris Johnson theoretically ignore any legislation passed to prevent no-deal brexit? | <p>The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, has clearly set out his position in that he wishes to leave the EU on 31st October with or without a deal. I.e if further negotiations with the EU do not result in an agreement which can be approved by Parliament, the UK simply leaves anyway.</p>

<p>Those opposed to a n... | united kingdom brexit executive legislature | 1 | Could Boris Johnson theoretically ignore any legislation passed to prevent no-deal brexit? -- (united kingdom brexit executive legislature)
<p>The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, has clearly set out his position in that he wishes to leave the EU on 31st October with or without a deal. I.e if further negotiations with... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,030 | If the UK Gov. has authority to cancel article 50 notification, why do they have to agree an extension with the EU | <p>Unless I've misunderstood the news months gone by, the UK has always <em>requested</em> an extension which has then been voted on by the other EU member states.</p>

<p>However I've also read that the UK can, at any time, revoke article 50 - without requiring the agreement or cooperation of the EU, the ball ... | brexit | 1 | If the UK Gov. has authority to cancel article 50 notification, why do they have to agree an extension with the EU -- (brexit)
<p>Unless I've misunderstood the news months gone by, the UK has always <em>requested</em> an extension which has then been voted on by the other EU member states.</p>

<p>However I've ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,036 | Can the Queen refuse to suspend the Parliament? | <p>According to BBC in <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49493632" rel="noreferrer"><em>Government asks Queen to suspend Parliament</em></a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The government has asked the Queen to suspend Parliament just days after MPs return to work in September - and only a few weeks before the... | united kingdom brexit parliament | 1 | Can the Queen refuse to suspend the Parliament? -- (united kingdom brexit parliament)
<p>According to BBC in <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49493632" rel="noreferrer"><em>Government asks Queen to suspend Parliament</em></a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The government has asked the Queen to suspend Parlia... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,042 | Is there any international convention/treaty/protocol that regulates how a country should behave if a nuclear incident happens on its territory? | <p>There is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country#Russia" rel="noreferrer">a quite a long list</a> of nuclear power and radioactive incidents that happened after nuclear power has been discovered. One of the most recent was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyonoksa_... | international relations nuclear weapons nuclear energy | 1 | Is there any international convention/treaty/protocol that regulates how a country should behave if a nuclear incident happens on its territory? -- (international relations nuclear weapons nuclear energy)
<p>There is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country#Russia" rel="noreferr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,050 | Which countries form the G8 and why? | <p>I know which countries form the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Eight" rel="nofollow noreferrer">G8 Summit</a></p>

<p>The article reads G8 as </p>

<blockquote>
 <p>the main economic council of wealthy nations</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Why is it that China and Arab natio... | international relations geopolitics | 1 | Which countries form the G8 and why? -- (international relations geopolitics)
<p>I know which countries form the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Eight" rel="nofollow noreferrer">G8 Summit</a></p>

<p>The article reads G8 as </p>

<blockquote>
 <p>the main economic council of wealthy... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,056 | What was the reason behind Trump's change to citizenship status of foreign service members' children? | <p>From <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-us-troops-kids-born-overseas-dont-get-automatic-citizenship-2019-8" rel="noreferrer">Business Insider</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Trump administration has said children born to US service members or government employees overseas will no longer automaticall... | united states citizenship | 1 | What was the reason behind Trump's change to citizenship status of foreign service members' children? -- (united states citizenship)
<p>From <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-us-troops-kids-born-overseas-dont-get-automatic-citizenship-2019-8" rel="noreferrer">Business Insider</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,065 | Why is G7 helping fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest such a big deal for President Jair Bolsonaro? | <p>According to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49469476" rel="nofollow noreferrer">BBC</a>, international leaders at the G7 summit have agreed to provide logistical and financial support to help fight fires in the Amazon rainforest.</p>

<p>However, President Jair Bolsonaro does not seem ... | international relations foreign aid brazil | 1 | Why is G7 helping fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest such a big deal for President Jair Bolsonaro? -- (international relations foreign aid brazil)
<p>According to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49469476" rel="nofollow noreferrer">BBC</a>, international leaders at the G7 summit have agreed to... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,075 | Why do presidential pardons exist in a country having a clear separation of powers? | <p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/44054/11278">This answer</a> provides some insight into a way for a President to pardon someone with virtually no consequences:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>(..) in reality, presidents often wait until his final days/hours to
 grant the most controversial pard... | united states president pardon | 1 | Why do presidential pardons exist in a country having a clear separation of powers? -- (united states president pardon)
<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/44054/11278">This answer</a> provides some insight into a way for a President to pardon someone with virtually no consequences:</p>

<blockquot... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,080 | Why is the U.S. the only Presidential Republic that provides for an indirect election of the President? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>In Electoral College Reform: Contemporary Issues for Congress, Thomas H. Neale states that the United States <a href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43824.pdf" rel="noreferrer">takes an unusual approach</a> to Presidential and Vice Presidential elections on Page 1 of the Introduction:</p>... | united states president republic | 1 | Why is the U.S. the only Presidential Republic that provides for an indirect election of the President? -- (united states president republic)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>In Electoral College Reform: Contemporary Issues for Congress, Thomas H. Neale states that the United States <a href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,094 | Brexit, why is this so complicated? | <p>Despite of probably having an overly broad question and a simplistic view: Everytime I read about the British politics these days, I wonder, what is all the fuss about Brexit about?</p>

<p><strong>They had a vote, and the people voted for "leave". The UK, as every other current EU member, once was not. &#x... | european union brexit trade borders | 1 | Brexit, why is this so complicated? -- (european union brexit trade borders)
<p>Despite of probably having an overly broad question and a simplistic view: Everytime I read about the British politics these days, I wonder, what is all the fuss about Brexit about?</p>

<p><strong>They had a vote, and the people v... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,095 | Is "forced" technology transfer against the WTO TRIPS agreement? | <p>Is "forced" technology transfer against WTO TRIPS agreement? The TRIPS agreement state that it's an agreement that seeks to help both users and producers benefit from the agreement through technology transfer and protection and enforcement of property rights.</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>The general goals of t... | international law international wto | 1 | Is "forced" technology transfer against the WTO TRIPS agreement? -- (international law international wto)
<p>Is "forced" technology transfer against WTO TRIPS agreement? The TRIPS agreement state that it's an agreement that seeks to help both users and producers benefit from the agreement through technology transfer an... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,103 | Is there a precedent indicating what happens when a UK Prime Minister advises a monarch not to give Royal Assent to legislation passed by Parliament? | <p>A <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/alexwickham/boris-johnson-brexit-extreme-measures" rel="noreferrer">report from Buzzfeed</a> claims that Prime Minister Boris Johnson's government is:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Exploring what the consequences would be if Johnson advised the Queen not to give royal assent ... | united kingdom parliament constitutional monarchy | 1 | Is there a precedent indicating what happens when a UK Prime Minister advises a monarch not to give Royal Assent to legislation passed by Parliament? -- (united kingdom parliament constitutional monarchy)
<p>A <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/alexwickham/boris-johnson-brexit-extreme-measures" rel="noreferrer">report f... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,118 | Under what circumstances can the members of the WTO bring about some changes to the WTO laws? | <p>Under what circumstances can the members of the WTO bring about some changes to the WTO laws? People have been calling for a reform of the WTO, but there doesn't seem to be a rule that says how the reform can be initiated and under what circumstances the rules can be changed or even how the rules would be changed. S... | international law international wto | 1 | Under what circumstances can the members of the WTO bring about some changes to the WTO laws? -- (international law international wto)
<p>Under what circumstances can the members of the WTO bring about some changes to the WTO laws? People have been calling for a reform of the WTO, but there doesn't seem to be a rule th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,123 | Is it necessary to hold a Queen’s Speech, and prorogue parliament, to propose new bills? | <p>Recently the prime minister of the UK, Boris Johnson, ordered the Parliament to be prorogued. This prorogation was justified by the PM as necessary to introduce new legislation. From <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49493632" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> article:</p>

<blockquote>
 ... | united kingdom parliament legislative process | 1 | Is it necessary to hold a Queen’s Speech, and prorogue parliament, to propose new bills? -- (united kingdom parliament legislative process)
<p>Recently the prime minister of the UK, Boris Johnson, ordered the Parliament to be prorogued. This prorogation was justified by the PM as necessary to introduce new legislation.... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,142 | Is political correctness applied to science terms something usual in the US? | <p>This <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia article</a> on Master/Slave as defined in technology also include the following:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>In 2003, the County of Los Angeles in California asked that
 manufacturers, suppliers and... | united states policy | 1 | Is political correctness applied to science terms something usual in the US? -- (united states policy)
<p>This <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia article</a> on Master/Slave as defined in technology also include the following:</p>

<blockquote>&... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,148 | Why didn't Thatcher give Hong Kong to Taiwan? | <p>So, back in the 80s, the Prime Minister of the UK, Margaret Thatcher, negotiated the "one country, two systems" agreement with the PRC regarding the return on Hong Kong to Chinese rule, as the treaty that allowed the UK to rule Hong Kong was expiring within a couple of decades.</p>

<p>However, the PRC was n... | united kingdom china hong kong taiwan | 1 | Why didn't Thatcher give Hong Kong to Taiwan? -- (united kingdom china hong kong taiwan)
<p>So, back in the 80s, the Prime Minister of the UK, Margaret Thatcher, negotiated the "one country, two systems" agreement with the PRC regarding the return on Hong Kong to Chinese rule, as the treaty that allowed the UK to rule ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,151 | Can a country avoid prosecution for crimes against humanity by denying it happened? | <p>I found <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/usa.adrianlevy" rel="noreferrer">this article</a> and what I read shocked me.</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>There are an estimated 650,000 like Hong Hanh in Vietnam, suffering
 from an array of baffling chronic conditions. Another 500,000 have&... | international law war international international court | 1 | Can a country avoid prosecution for crimes against humanity by denying it happened? -- (international law war international international court)
<p>I found <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/usa.adrianlevy" rel="noreferrer">this article</a> and what I read shocked me.</p>

<blockquote>
 ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,159 | If the UK government doesn't ask for article 50 extension, can parliament do it instead? | <p>The Guardian <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901161239/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/01/brexit-gove-refuses-rule-out-ignoring-law-passed-stop-no-deal-" rel="nofollow noreferrer">reported</a> under the headline "Brexit: Gove refuses to rule out ignoring any law passed to stop no deal":</p>&#... | united kingdom european union brexit parliament article 50 | 1 | If the UK government doesn't ask for article 50 extension, can parliament do it instead? -- (united kingdom european union brexit parliament article 50)
<p>The Guardian <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901161239/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/01/brexit-gove-refuses-rule-out-ignoring-law-passed-s... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,179 | What is the rule for the regulated period for party political spending in UK general elections? | <p>What is the rule for the "regulated period" for party political spending in UK general elections?</p>

<p><a href="https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdf_file/Regulated-periods-for-political-parties-elections-in-May-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This document</a> states:</p>
... | united kingdom | 1 | What is the rule for the regulated period for party political spending in UK general elections? -- (united kingdom)
<p>What is the rule for the "regulated period" for party political spending in UK general elections?</p>

<p><a href="https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdf_file/Regulated-... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,185 | Can the U.S. default on its debt held by the Chinese by using Imperial Chinese debt notes as a pretext to do so? | <p>Can the U.S. default on its debt held by the Chinese by using Imperial Chinese debt notes as a pretext to do so? This seems far-fetched and almost absurd to do so, but there has been numerous story about it saying the U.S. could default by saying the amount owed plus the interest owed by China is a pretext for seizi... | united states international law international | 1 | Can the U.S. default on its debt held by the Chinese by using Imperial Chinese debt notes as a pretext to do so? -- (united states international law international)
<p>Can the U.S. default on its debt held by the Chinese by using Imperial Chinese debt notes as a pretext to do so? This seems far-fetched and almost absurd... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,187 | What did Boris Johnson mean when he said "extra 34 billion going into the NHS" | <p>According to a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-statement-2-september-2019" rel="nofollow noreferrer">speech</a> given by Boris Johnson on 2nd September 2019, there are plans for "an extra 34 billion going into the NHS".</p>

<p>What does "going into" mean in this context? Give... | united kingdom conservative party boris johnson | 1 | What did Boris Johnson mean when he said "extra 34 billion going into the NHS" -- (united kingdom conservative party boris johnson)
<p>According to a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-statement-2-september-2019" rel="nofollow noreferrer">speech</a> given by Boris Johnson on 2nd September 2... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,202 | Why is Denmark willing to allow Greenland to become independent, but not willing to sell it to the US? | <p>From what I understand, Greenland has been <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" rel="nofollow noreferrer">slowly moving towards complete independence</a>, with Denmark willingly granting it home rule back in 2008. So it looks as if Denmark is perfectly willing to let Greenland go "for f... | denmark greenland | 1 | Why is Denmark willing to allow Greenland to become independent, but not willing to sell it to the US? -- (denmark greenland)
<p>From what I understand, Greenland has been <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" rel="nofollow noreferrer">slowly moving towards complete independence</a>, with D... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,206 | What functional purpose does endorsing a candidate serve? | <h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, it is common for political officials, or former political officials to endorse Candidates that are running for other offices. For example, there are numerous endorsements for the <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2020-endorsements/democratic-primary/?ex_... | united states election | 1 | What functional purpose does endorsing a candidate serve? -- (united states election)
<h1>Background</h1>

<p>In the United States, it is common for political officials, or former political officials to endorse Candidates that are running for other offices. For example, there are numerous endorsements for the <... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,207 | How will the UK Commons debate on the 3rd of September despite the prorogation? | <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5mpH9.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5mpH9.png" alt="enter image description here"></a><br>
Graphic via <em>"Prorogation: How can the government suspend Parliament?"</em> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48936711" rel="noreferrer">BBC</a>... | united kingdom brexit house of commons | 1 | How will the UK Commons debate on the 3rd of September despite the prorogation? -- (united kingdom brexit house of commons)
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5mpH9.png" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5mpH9.png" alt="enter image description here"></a><br>
Graphic via <em>"Prorogation: How c... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,215 | What are the procedural differences in calling a general election "notwithstanding the FTPA"? | <p>I have seen suggestions in several places now that the government may try to pass a one-line bill reading: "Notwithstanding the Fixed-term Parliaments Act, we will have a general election on 15 October." How, procedurally, would this differ from calling a general election normally, either with a 2/3 vote in the Hou... | united kingdom election brexit house of commons | 1 | What are the procedural differences in calling a general election "notwithstanding the FTPA"? -- (united kingdom election brexit house of commons)
<p>I have seen suggestions in several places now that the government may try to pass a one-line bill reading: "Notwithstanding the Fixed-term Parliaments Act, we will have a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,217 | Why did Boris Johnson call for new elections? | <p>I find myself confused by the events of the day. The <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49573555" rel="noreferrer">BBC reports them as thus</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tory rebels and opposition MPs have defeated the government in the first stage of their attempt to pass a law designed to prevent a no... | united kingdom election brexit parliament boris johnson | 1 | Why did Boris Johnson call for new elections? -- (united kingdom election brexit parliament boris johnson)
<p>I find myself confused by the events of the day. The <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49573555" rel="noreferrer">BBC reports them as thus</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tory rebels and opposition ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,249 | What is the majority of the UK Government as of 2019-09-04? | <p>According to the <a href="https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/mps/current-state-of-the-parties/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Parliament website</a> the UK Government's majority appears to be -51. Is this correct?</p>

<p>But I thought the Government's majority was one, until Phillip Lee defected, a... | united kingdom house of commons | 1 | What is the majority of the UK Government as of 2019-09-04? -- (united kingdom house of commons)
<p>According to the <a href="https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/mps/current-state-of-the-parties/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Parliament website</a> the UK Government's majority appears to be -51. Is this correc... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,262 | How is the bill blocking the no-deal Brexit useful? | <p>The referred bill is the one mentioned in <a href="https://edition-m.cnn.com/2019/09/04/uk/brexit-no-deal-bill-parliament-gbr-intl/index.html?r=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ch%2F" rel="noreferrer">this page</a>.</p>

<p>I ask this question because I don’t understand the following: if Boris Johnson is truly deter... | united kingdom european union brexit europe | 1 | How is the bill blocking the no-deal Brexit useful? -- (united kingdom european union brexit europe)
<p>The referred bill is the one mentioned in <a href="https://edition-m.cnn.com/2019/09/04/uk/brexit-no-deal-bill-parliament-gbr-intl/index.html?r=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ch%2F" rel="noreferrer">this page</a>.</p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,265 | Has a law or amendment been passed without a vote in Parliament because there were no tellers before? | <p>If the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2019/sep/04/brexit-crisis-boris-johnson-mps-bill-blocking-no-deal-eu-no-deal-parliament-politics-live?page=with:block-5d7001738f08b2e15bc1a655#block-5d7001738f08b2e15bc1a655" rel="noreferrer">breaking news</a> is correct,</p>
<blockquote>
<p>MPs start... | united kingdom parliament history legislative process house of commons | 1 | Has a law or amendment been passed without a vote in Parliament because there were no tellers before? -- (united kingdom parliament history legislative process house of commons)
<p>If the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2019/sep/04/brexit-crisis-boris-johnson-mps-bill-blocking-no-deal-eu-no-deal-parl... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,275 | What are the likely results from a world court filing from Vietnam against the U.S.? | <p>What are the likely results from a world court filing from Vietnam against the U.S.?</p>

<p><a href="https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/vietnams-latest-demand-agent-orange-compensation-described-last-resort" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/vietnams-latest-demand-ag... | united states international law vietnam | 1 | What are the likely results from a world court filing from Vietnam against the U.S.? -- (united states international law vietnam)
<p>What are the likely results from a world court filing from Vietnam against the U.S.?</p>

<p><a href="https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/vietnams-latest-demand-agent-orange... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,277 | Why are African countries willing to accept Chinese loans when they are not seen as sustainable? | <p>Why are African countries willing to accept Chinese loans when they are not seen as sustainable?</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Many Chinese loans <strong>have higher extended interest rates and short
 maturities, with heavy collateral that includes commodities, or even
 important strategic foreign inf... | international law china africa | 1 | Why are African countries willing to accept Chinese loans when they are not seen as sustainable? -- (international law china africa)
<p>Why are African countries willing to accept Chinese loans when they are not seen as sustainable?</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Many Chinese loans <strong>have higher extended inte... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,280 | Can the opposition parties do anything within the timelimit if the PM refuses to ask the EU for an extension? | <p>It's been noted on this site that <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/44160">even if Parliament passes an extension, Parliament can't ask the EU for an extension directly themselves</a>, that <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/44169">the law covering withholding the asking of Royal Assent for a ... | united kingdom brexit law | 1 | Can the opposition parties do anything within the timelimit if the PM refuses to ask the EU for an extension? -- (united kingdom brexit law)
<p>It's been noted on this site that <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/44160">even if Parliament passes an extension, Parliament can't ask the EU for an extension dire... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,281 | Why are UK MPs allowed to abstain (but it counts as a no)? | <p>When reading the results of the recent call for a general election the numbers were 298 for, 56 against. The motion failed to pass due to not reaching the 2/3 majority. It took a little digging to realise that although 298 is much greater than 2/3 of 354 (298+56) the MPs that didn't vote are also counted. This doesn... | united kingdom brexit parliament house of commons member of parliament | 1 | Why are UK MPs allowed to abstain (but it counts as a no)? -- (united kingdom brexit parliament house of commons member of parliament)
<p>When reading the results of the recent call for a general election the numbers were 298 for, 56 against. The motion failed to pass due to not reaching the 2/3 majority. It took a lit... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,283 | Why's the B.C.-Washington border mostly unfenced and so poorly monitored? | <p>This was in the news recently — <a href="https://vancouversun.com/news/canada/lawyer-for-b-c-man-who-pleaded-guilty-to-migrant-smuggling-to-challenge-mandatory-minimum-penalty/wcm/5e48a534-1b30-4f34-8677-9f6a0129ddd5" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Lawyer for B.C. man who pleaded guilty to migrant smuggling to challenge ... | united states canada borders | 1 | Why's the B.C.-Washington border mostly unfenced and so poorly monitored? -- (united states canada borders)
<p>This was in the news recently — <a href="https://vancouversun.com/news/canada/lawyer-for-b-c-man-who-pleaded-guilty-to-migrant-smuggling-to-challenge-mandatory-minimum-penalty/wcm/5e48a534-1b30-4f34-8677-9f6a0... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,284 | Is Queen's Consent going to be a problem for the new Brexit delay bill? | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Consent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Queen's Consent</a> isn't the same thing as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_assent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Royal Assent</a>.</p>

<p>The new <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-49587770/brexit-d... | united kingdom parliament legislative process legislation | 1 | Is Queen's Consent going to be a problem for the new Brexit delay bill? -- (united kingdom parliament legislative process legislation)
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Consent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Queen's Consent</a> isn't the same thing as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_assent" r... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,286 | What forms of redress are available if a government decides to act illegally by omission? | <p>At present, the UK parliament is <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49588186" rel="noreferrer">attempting to pass legislation</a> that would <strong>require</strong> Boris Johnson's government to take action to avoid a no-deal Brexit scenario. For the purposes of this question, I am assuming such legislat... | united kingdom brexit international law | 1 | What forms of redress are available if a government decides to act illegally by omission? -- (united kingdom brexit international law)
<p>At present, the UK parliament is <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49588186" rel="noreferrer">attempting to pass legislation</a> that would <strong>require</strong> Boris... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,292 | Is there precedent for proceedings on a Bill to be declared void because it should have received Queen's Consent, but didn't? | <p>Wikipedia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Consent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">mentions</a> that</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>If a bill is mistakenly allowed to progress even though the required [Queen's] consent was not signified and the error is discovered before Royal Assent has been given, t... | united kingdom constitution history legislative process | 1 | Is there precedent for proceedings on a Bill to be declared void because it should have received Queen's Consent, but didn't? -- (united kingdom constitution history legislative process)
<p>Wikipedia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Consent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">mentions</a> that</p>

<bloc... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,308 | Is it possible to have no customs union and a soft border? | <p>I know that there have been answers to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/26246/how-could-the-uk-resolve-the-irish-border-conundrum-without-staying-in-the-singl">similar questions</a> in the context of Brexit, and the consensus seems to be that it's not possible. But in the question about why the ... | united states brexit canada borders immigration customs enforcement | 1 | Is it possible to have no customs union and a soft border? -- (united states brexit canada borders immigration customs enforcement)
<p>I know that there have been answers to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/26246/how-could-the-uk-resolve-the-irish-border-conundrum-without-staying-in-the-singl">simi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,321 | Is there a limit on how much a country can spend on R&D according to the WTO? | <p>Is there a limit on how much a country can spend on R&D according to the WTO? I know there are rules against state subsidies, but I don't know if it allows a state-funded institution like an university to gift companies certain patents to private companies. Is this allowed according to the WTO? Is there a way to... | international law wto | 1 | Is there a limit on how much a country can spend on R&D according to the WTO? -- (international law wto)
<p>Is there a limit on how much a country can spend on R&D according to the WTO? I know there are rules against state subsidies, but I don't know if it allows a state-funded institution like an university to gif... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,338 | Why do the British opposition parties not want a new election? | <p>I'm trying to understand why Labour and other parties do not want an election. The bill blocking the no-deal exit on the 31st of October will almost certainly pass today. That means that the no-deal option is off, at least for now. </p>

<p>What's the motivation for the opposition to delay the inevitable ele... | united kingdom election brexit | 1 | Why do the British opposition parties not want a new election? -- (united kingdom election brexit)
<p>I'm trying to understand why Labour and other parties do not want an election. The bill blocking the no-deal exit on the 31st of October will almost certainly pass today. That means that the no-deal option is off, at l... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
44,358 | Can the British Prime Minister change the election date on his own? | <p>According to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49573555" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> news item, </p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Shadow justice secretary Richard Burgon said he did not trust Boris Johnson not to call an election for mid-October and then change the date afterwards.</p>
</blo... | united kingdom election constitutional monarchy boris johnson | 1 | Can the British Prime Minister change the election date on his own? -- (united kingdom election constitutional monarchy boris johnson)
<p>According to <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49573555" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> news item, </p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Shadow justice secretary Richar... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
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