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wiki | In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets ... |
wiki | In marine propulsion, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. Reversible propellers—those where the pitch can be set to negative values—can also create reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the... |
wiki | For these vessels, fixed variable-pitch propellers would have been more appropriate.Controllable-pitch propellers are usually found on harbour or ocean-going tugs, dredgers, cruise ships, ferries, cargo vessels and larger fishing vessels. Prior to the development of CPPs, some vessels would alternate between "speed whe... |
wiki | Sterns on European and American wooden sailing ships began with two principal forms: the square or transom stern and the elliptical, fantail, or merchant stern, and were developed in that order. The hull sections of a sailing ship located before the stern were composed of a series of U-shaped rib-like frames set in a s... |
wiki | Finally, not all of the claims to the title of the world's longest wooden ship are credible or verifiable. A further problem is that especially wooden ships have more than one "length". The most used measure in length for registering a ship is the "length of the topmost deck" — the "length on deck" (LOD) — 'measured fr... |
wiki | Nearly all sailing masts are guyed.Until the mid-19th century, all vessels' masts were made of wood formed from a single or several pieces of timber which typically consisted of the trunk of a conifer tree. From the 16th century, vessels were often built of a size requiring masts taller and thicker than from single tre... |
wiki | The chest wall can be modeled as being composed of three different compartments: pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage, and the abdomen. This model is the most appropriate for the study of chest wall kinematics in the majority of conditions, including exercise. It takes into consideration the fact that the lung- and d... |
wiki | The Mountaineering Handbook is one of the few texts that suggest that the Yosemite bowline is better for this purpose. Suggested benefits of the bowline include being easier to untie after loading or when wet and frozen, and being possible to tie-in with only one hand. Testing found it a strong knot for the purpose.It ... |
wiki | Climbers have also free soloed multi-pitch routes. Multi-pitch climbing is more complex and riskier than single-pitch climbing as the climbers will remain exposed on the route (e.g. a rock climbing route, an ice climbing, or a mixed climbing route) for longer, and it will often involve the use of hanging belays, long a... |
wiki | Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineeri... |
wiki | The roller is an agricultural tool used for flattening land or breaking up large clumps of soil, especially after ploughing or disc harrowing. Typically, rollers are pulled by tractors or, prior to mechanisation, a team of animals such as horses or oxen. As well as for agricultural purposes, rollers are used on cricket... |
wiki | The test is important in relation to the use of additives that allow spreading the usage of winter diesel at temperatures below the cloud point. The tests according to EN 590 show that a CloudPoint of +1 °C can have a CFPP −10 °C. Current additives allow a CFPP of −20 °C to be based on diesel fuel with a CloudPoint of ... |
wiki | Security intelligence pertains to domestic threats, including terrorism and espionage. Foreign intelligence involves information collection relating to the political, or economic activities of foreign states. Some agencies have been involved in assassination, arms trafficking, coups d'état, and the placement of misinfo... |
wiki | Areas of study may include the operational environment, hostile, friendly and neutral forces, the civilian population in an area of combat operations, and other broader areas of interest. Intelligence activities are conducted at all levels, from tactical to strategic, in peacetime, the period of transition to war, and ... |
wiki | In addition, many stars have catalogue designations that contain the name of their compiler or discoverer. This includes Wolf, Ross, Bradley, Piazzi, Lacaille, Struve, Groombridge, Lalande, Krueger, Mayer, Weisse, Gould, Luyten and others. For example, Wolf 359 was discovered and catalogued by Max Wolf. Various private... |
wiki | Proper names may be historical, often transliterated from Arabic or Chinese names. Such transliterations can vary so there may be multiple spellings. A smaller number of names have been introduced since the Middle Ages, and a few in modern times as nicknames have come into popular use, for example Sualocin for α Delphi... |
wiki | Certain categories of information are of particular importance for information policy. These include news information, health information, and census information. Information policy is the central problem for information societies. |
wiki | "Information systems" is also an academic field study about systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of computer hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system hav... |
wiki | Different conventions exist around the world for date and time representation, both written and spoken. |
wiki | In these two key elements, BDM is similar to the natural or typical way of making decisions. However, it differs from typical, informal decision making by providing a structured, semiformal framework, and using visual language, taking advantage of our ability to grasp and make sense of information faster and more easil... |
wiki | However, in some cases, there can also be drawbacks to this method. In extreme emergencies or crisis situations, other forms of decision-making might be preferable as emergency actions may need to be taken more quickly with less time for deliberation. On the other hand, additional considerations must also be taken into... |
wiki | Management accounting principles (MAP) were developed to serve the core needs of internal management to improve decision support objectives, internal business processes, resource application, customer value, and capacity utilization needed to achieve corporate goals in an optimal manner. Another term often used for man... |
wiki | Project Management Plan 2. Systems Engineering Paper 3. |
wiki | Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment. Project planning can be done manually or by the use of project management software. |
wiki | Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process. The primary constraints are scope, time, and budget. The secondary challenge is ... |
wiki | Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information technology for delivering government services, exchange of information, communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems between government to citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G), govern... |
wiki | An organization can establish a consistent and logical framework for employees to handle data through their information governance policies and procedures. These policies guide proper behavior regarding how organizations and their employees handle information whether it is physically or electronically created (ESI).Inf... |
wiki | Information governance, or IG, is the overall strategy for information at an organization. Information governance balances the risk that information presents with the value that information provides. Information governance helps with legal compliance, operational transparency, and reducing expenditures associated with ... |
wiki | Over 225 models have been developed since early 1970s, however, several of them have similar if not identical assumptions. The models have two basic types - prediction modeling and estimation modeling. 1.0 Overview of Software Reliability Prediction Models These models are derived from actual historical data from real ... |
wiki | The four basic types of tax-benefit models with illustrative examples can be summarized by the table below: Dynamic behavioral tax-benefit models are closely related to agent-based models, especially when the model also accounts for interactions between individuals. |
wiki | Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end-use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.Alter argues for advantages o... |
wiki | A management information system (MIS) is an information system used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people, processes and technology in an organizational context.In a corporate... |
wiki | Their primary investment of resources is directed towards growth, causing them to dominate stable ecosystems over a long period of time; an example of K-selected species the African elephant, which is prone to extinction because of their long generation times and low reproductive rates. In contrast, r-selected species ... |
wiki | An unstable environment would encourage the parent to make many offspring, because the likelihood of all (or the majority) of them surviving to adulthood is slim. In contrast, more stable environments allow parents to confidently invest in one offspring because they are more likely to survive to adulthood. The terminol... |
wiki | The difference between collapse or a gentle rebound is determined by two factors—the toxicity of the introduced element and the resiliency of the original ecosystem.Through natural selection the planet's species have continuously adapted to change through variation in their biological composition and distribution. Math... |
wiki | This is usually the most accurate, but slowest, method. DCL, as defined above, can be used for interconnecting as well as gate delay.Often, it makes sense to combine the calculation of a gate and all the wires connected to its output. This combination is often called the stage delay. The delay of a wire or gate may als... |
wiki | Delay calculation is the term used in integrated circuit design for the calculation of the gate delay of a single logic gate and the wires attached to it. By contrast, static timing analysis computes the delays of entire paths, using delay calculation to determine the delay of each gate and wire. There are many methods... |
wiki | SMART criteria are commonly associated with Peter Drucker's management by objectives concept.Often, the terms S.M.A.R.T. Goals and S.M.A.R.T. Objectives are used. Although the acronym SMART generally stays the same, objectives and goals can differ. Goals are the distinct purpose that is to be anticipated from the assig... |
wiki | He/She works towards the attainment of definite goals, which are in compliance with the goals of the organization. To facilitate the co-ordination of various activities: The authority, responsibility, and accountability of individuals in the organization are very well defined. Hence, facilitating the co-ordination of v... |
wiki | The Hausdorff distance is the longest distance you can be forced to travel by an adversary who chooses a point in one of the two sets, from where you then must travel to the other set. In other words, it is the greatest of all the distances from a point in one set to the closest point in the other set. This distance wa... |
wiki | A voltage reference is an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time. Voltage references are used in power supplies, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and ot... |
wiki | The LM358 is a low-power dual operational amplifier integrated circuit, originally introduced by National Semiconductor.It supports an operating voltage of +3 to +32 volts (single power supply) or ±1.5 to ±16 volts (dual power supplies). Input voltage can range from −0.3 to +32 volts with single power supply. Small neg... |
wiki | A bandgap voltage reference is a temperature independent voltage reference circuit widely used in integrated circuits. It produces a fixed (constant) voltage regardless of power supply variations, temperature changes, or circuit loading from a device. It commonly has an output voltage around 1.25 V (close to the theore... |
wiki | Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites that are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites that are largely composed of ferronickel; and stony-iron meteorites that contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. Modern classification schemes... |
wiki | The iron meteorites of the IIE chemical type are octahedrites of various coarseness, most of which contain numerous inclusions of recrystallized stony silicates. |
wiki | The transition zone is part of the Earth's mantle, and is located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle, between a depth of 410 and 660 km (250 to 400 mi). The Earth's mantle, including the transition zone, consists primarily of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock. The mantle was divided into the upper mantl... |
wiki | The lower mantle, historically also known as the mesosphere, represents approximately 56% of Earth's total volume, and is the region from 660 to 2900 km below Earth's surface; between the transition zone and the outer core. The preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) separates the lower mantle into three sections, the... |
wiki | This increases the density and temperature of the core until it reaches approximately 100 million kelvin, which is hot enough to cause helium fusion (or "helium burning") in the core. However, a fundamental quality of degenerate matter is that increases in temperature do not produce an increase in volume of the matter ... |
wiki | Cooled further by expanding the gas and doing work, removing heat (and energy)The gas which is now at its coolest in the current cycle, is recycled and sent back to be – 5. Heated – when participating as the coolant for stage 3, and then 6. Resent to stage one, to start the next cycle, and be slightly reheated by compr... |
wiki | It is now solely a business-to-business company (consumer products division was spun off into LG Household & Health Care). The company has eight factories in South Korea and a network of 29 business locations in 15 countries. This network includes a holding company in China, 14 overseas manufacturing subsidiaries, five... |
wiki | Its twin-skyscraper headquarters, Tencent Seafront Towers (also known as Tencent Binhai Mansion) are based in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen.Tencent is the world's largest video game vendor, as well as one of the most financially valuable companies. It is among the largest social media, venture capital, and investmen... |
wiki | In connection with modeling languages and especially with goal-oriented modeling, a soft goal is an objective without clear-cut criteria. Soft goals can represent: Non-functional requirements Relations between non-functional requirementsNon-functional requirements (or quality attributes, qualities, or more colloquially... |
wiki | Typical steps in validated learning: Specify a goal Specify a metric that represents the goal Act to achieve the goal Analyze the metric – did you get closer to the goal? Improve and try again Phrased in a different way Validate important assumptions fast "Agile Principles: Chapter 3". Addison-Wesley. |
wiki | However, Veblen's theorem applies also to disconnected graphs, and can be generalized to infinite graphs in which every vertex has finite degree (Sabidussi 1964). If a countably infinite graph G has no odd-degree vertices, then it may be written as a union of disjoint (finite) simple cycles if and only if every finite ... |
wiki | However it is not the smallest such graph: it is known that there is a universal graph for n-vertex trees, with only n vertices and O(n log n) edges, and that this is optimal. A construction based on the planar separator theorem can be used to show that n-vertex planar graphs have universal graphs with O(n3/2) edges, a... |
wiki | However, uniqueness fails for graphs with (directed) cycles, and for infinite graphs not even existence is guaranteed.The closely related concept of a minimum equivalent graph is a subgraph of D that has the same reachability relation and as few edges as possible. The difference is that a transitive reduction does not ... |
wiki | Thus the following question emerges: How can one evaluate decision-making methods? This is a very difficult issue and may not be answered in a globally accepted manner. A critical part in answering this fundamental question is played by what is known as rank reversals. |
wiki | In the basic method, the numbers each solution receives are totaled, and the solution with the highest (i.e. most favored) total ranking is selected as the final decision. There are variations on how this technique is used. For example, it can identify strengths versus areas in need of development, rather than be used ... |
wiki | In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). |
wiki | In classical logic, propositions are typically unambiguously considered as being true or false. For instance, the proposition one is both equal and not equal to itself is regarded as simply false, being contrary to the Law of Noncontradiction; while the proposition one is equal to one is regarded as simply true, by the... |
wiki | An image is a visual representation of something. An image can be a two-dimensional (2D) representation, such as a drawing, painting, or photograph, or a three-dimensional (3D) object, such as a carving or sculpture. An image may be displayed through other media, including projection on a surface, activation of electro... |
wiki | MPEG-4 Part 11 Scene description and application engine was published as ISO/IEC 14496-11 in 2005. MPEG-4 Part 11 is also known as BIFS, XMT, MPEG-J. It defines: the coded representation of the spatio-temporal positioning of audio-visual objects as well as their behaviour in response to interaction (scene description);... |
wiki | The spatial and temporal relations between the media properties characterizing a concept (or, event) can also be expressed using MOWL. Often the concepts in a domain inherit the media properties of some related concepts, such as a historic monument inheriting the color and texture properties of its building material. I... |
wiki | Indeed, in propositional logic, there is no distinction between a tautology and a logically valid formula. In the context of predicate logic, many authors define a tautology to be a sentence that can be obtained by taking a tautology of propositional logic, and uniformly replacing each propositional variable by a first... |
wiki | In mathematical logic, a sentence (or closed formula) of a predicate logic is a Boolean-valued well-formed formula with no free variables. A sentence can be viewed as expressing a proposition, something that must be true or false. The restriction of having no free variables is needed to make sure that sentences can hav... |
wiki | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the complement or inverse of a graph G is a graph H on the same vertices such that two distinct vertices of H are adjacent if and only if they are not adjacent in G. That is, to generate the complement of a graph, one fills in all the missing edges required to form a complete ... |
wiki | In graph theory, an overfull graph is a graph whose size is greater than the product of its maximum degree and half of its order floored, i.e. | E | > Δ ( G ) ⌊ | V | / 2 ⌋ {\displaystyle |E|>\Delta (G)\lfloor |V|/2\rfloor } where | E | {\displaystyle |E|} is the size of G, Δ ( G ) {\displaystyle \displaystyle \Delta (... |
wiki | Next in complexity would be stringing multiple beads onto a single strand. Here alone are numerous opportunities for adding elements to the design concept. All the beads might be identical. |
wiki | An overlapping circles grid is a geometric pattern of repeating, overlapping circles of an equal radius in two-dimensional space. Commonly, designs are based on circles centered on triangles (with the simple, two circle form named vesica piscis) or on the square lattice pattern of points. Patterns of seven overlapping ... |
wiki | It was completed after 6 years of work in 1824 by Father Diego Cera, the builder of the town's stone church and its first resident Catholic parish priest.After age and numerous disasters had rendered the musical instrument unplayable for a long time, in 1972, the national government and the local community joined toget... |
wiki | If the order on the group is a lattice order, i.e. any two elements have a least upper bound, then it is a lattice-ordered group (shortly l-group, though usually typeset with a script l: ℓ-group). A Riesz group is an unperforated partially ordered group with a property slightly weaker than being a lattice-ordered group... |
wiki | Seasonal analysis is a technique that attempts to place individual coloring into the tonal groupings of Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn, and their sub-variants. However, the approach can vary greatly among different schools of thought. Some color analysis systems classify an individual's personal combination of hair ... |
wiki | The authors analysed media systems according to four dimensions: the development of a mass press, political parallelism, professionalization of journalists, and state intervention. According to these four dimensions, media systems were then categorised into three ideal models, the Polarized Pluralist Model, the Liberal... |
wiki | Solutions journalism is an approach to news reporting that focuses on the responses to social issues as well as the problems themselves. Solutions stories, anchored in credible evidence, explain how and why responses are working, or not working. The goal of this journalistic approach is to present people with a truer, ... |
wiki | Contemporary ballet is a genre of dance that incorporates elements of classical ballet and modern dance. It employs classical ballet technique and in many cases classical pointe technique as well, but allows a greater range of movement of the upper body and is not constrained to the rigorously defined body lines and fo... |
wiki | The source function is a characteristic of a stellar atmosphere, and in the case of no scattering of photons, describes the ratio of the emission coefficient to the absorption coefficient. It is a measure of how photons in a light beam are removed and replaced by new photons by the material it passes through. Its units... |
wiki | In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which are half the maximum ampl... |
wiki | Younger sexually mature males are almost indistinguishable from females and are often the breeding males. In spring and summer, a troop of white-winged fairywrens has a brightly coloured older male accompanied by small, inconspicuous brown birds, many of which are also male. Three subspecies are recognised. |
wiki | In graph theory, the hypercube graph Qn is the graph formed from the vertices and edges of an n-dimensional hypercube. For instance, the cube graph Q3 is the graph formed by the 8 vertices and 12 edges of a three-dimensional cube. Qn has 2n vertices, 2n – 1n edges, and is a regular graph with n edges touching each vert... |
wiki | In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete bipartite graph or biclique is a special kind of bipartite graph where every vertex of the first set is connected to every vertex of the second set.Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg... |
wiki | The concept of a media democracy follows in response to the deregulation of broadcast markets and the concentration of mass media ownership. In the book Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, authors Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky outline the propaganda model of media, which states that the ... |
wiki | This glossary of economics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in economics, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. |
wiki | Indeed, it is fairly easy to construct a finitely generated recursively presented group with undecidable word problem. Then any finitely presented group that contains this group as a subgroup will have undecidable word problem as well. The usual proof of the theorem uses a sequence of HNN extensions starting with R and... |
wiki | The Jordan–Hölder theorem is a more precise way of stating this fact about finite groups. However, a significant difference from integer factorization is that such "building blocks" do not necessarily determine a unique group, since there might be many non-isomorphic groups with the same composition series or, put in a... |
wiki | If a group is finite, then its coset enumeration must terminate eventually, although it may take arbitrarily long and use an arbitrary amount of memory, even if the group is trivial. Depending on the algorithm used, it may happen that making small changes to the presentation that do not change the group nevertheless ha... |
wiki | Identifying things are truth-bearers and are therefore capable of being true or false. If truth and falsehood are bivalent, or if there are other truth values. Identifying the criteria of truth that allow us to identify it and to distinguish it from falsehood. The role that truth plays in constituting knowledge. And if... |
wiki | Coherence theories of truth characterize truth as a property of whole systems of propositions that can be ascribed to individual propositions only derivatively according to their coherence with the whole. While modern coherence theorists hold that there are many possible systems to which the determination of truth may ... |
wiki | The remainder are too dangerous, sensitive, toxic, expensive, unstable, or prone to decomposition or degradation over short time spans. In contrast, some materials are merely combustible or flammable if they burn without exploding. The distinction, however, is not razor-sharp. Certain materials—dusts, powders, gases, o... |
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