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2019_19-631 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-631 | , in which The Chief Justice and Justice Alito join, and in which Justice Thomas joins as to Parts I and II. Americans passionately disagree about many things. But they are largely united in their disdain for robocalls. The Federal Government receives a staggering number of complaints about robocalls—3.7 million compla... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0.666667 | 3 | 216 | 5,311 |
The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA) generally prohibits robocalls to cell phones and home phones. But a 2015 amendment to the TCPA allows robocall collectible debts owed to or guaranteed by the Federal Government. Plaintiffs, political and nonprofit organizations that participate in the political sys... |
2019_18-725 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-725 | . Under the immigration laws, a noncitizen who is authorized to live permanently in the United States is a lawful permanent resident—also commonly known as a green-card holder. But unlike a U. S. citizen, a lawful permanent resident who commits a serious crime may be removed from the United States. Andre Barton is a Ja... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0.555556 | 1 | 327 | 5,312 |
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1996 (Acting Act) authorizes an immigration judge to cancel removal of a noncitizen who has been convicted of a serious crime during the initial seven years of residence, but Congress has established strict eligibility requirements for cancellation of removal. For a lawful perma... |
2019_17-1618 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-1618 | . Sometimes small gestures can have unexpected consequences. Major initiatives practically guarantee them. In our time, few pieces of federal legislation rank in significance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. There, in Title VII, Congress outlawed discrimination in the workplace on the basis of race, color, religion, ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.666667 | 1 | 5 | 5,313 |
An employer who fires an individual for being homosexual or transgender fires that individual for traits or actions it would not have questioned in members of a different sex. .
(a) The ordinary public meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination in the workplace on the basis of... |
2019_19-465 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-465 | . Every four years, millions of Americans cast a ballot for a presidential candidate. Their votes, though, actually go toward selecting members of the Electoral College, whom each State appoints based on the popular returns. Those few “electors” then choose the President. The States have devised mechanisms to ensure th... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 28 | 5,314 | ) States have devised mechanisms to ensure that the electors they appoint vote for the presidential candidate their citizens have preferred. With two partial exceptions, every State appoints a slate of electors selected by the political party whose candidate has won the State's popular vote. Most States also compel ele... |
2019_18-565 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-565 | . In 2004, the M/T Athos I, a 748-foot oil tanker, allided[1] with a nine-ton anchor abandoned on the bed of the Delaware River. The anchor punctured the tanker’s hull, causing 264,000 gallons of heavy crude oil to spill into the river. As required by federal statute, respondents Frescati Shipping Company—the Athos I’s... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0.777778 | 4 | 116 | 5,315 |
After the Exxon-Valdez oil spill in 1989, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) to promote the prompt cleanup of oil spills. To that end, OPA deems certain entities responsible for the costs of oil-spill cleanups responsible regardless of the conditions under which the cleanup efforts are conducted. Res... |
2019_18-1171 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1171 | . Few legal principles are better established than the rule requiring a plaintiff to establish causation. In the law of torts, this usually means a plaintiff must first plead and then prove that its injury would not have occurred “but for” the defendant’s unlawful conduct. The plaintiffs before us suggest that 42 U. S.... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 246 | 5,316 |
After negotiations between two media companies failed, African-American entrepreneur Allen owned Entertainment Studios Network (ESN), the operator of seven television networks. Seeking billions in damages, Allen alleged that the companies systematically disfavored African American-owned media companies. ESN contended... |
2019_18-260 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-260 | . The Clean Water Act forbids the “addition” of any pollutant from a “point source” to “navigable waters” without the appropriate permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Federal Water Pollution Control Act, §§301(a), 502(12)(A), as amended by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Cl... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0.666667 | 3 | 150 | 5,317 |
The Clean Water Act forbids the "addition" of any pollutant from a point source to navigable waters without the appropriate permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Clean Water Act) sets forth a statutory provision that, with certain exception... |
2019_18-587 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-587 | , except as to Part IV. In the summer of 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced an immigration program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. That program allows certain unauthorized aliens who entered the United States as children to apply for a two-year forbearance of removal. Th... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.555556 | 1 | 26 | 5,318 |
In June 2012, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced an immigration relief program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. That program allows certain unauthorized aliens who entered the United States as children to apply for a two-year forbearance of removal. Those granted such relief ... |
2019_19-161 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-161 | . Every year, hundreds of thousands of aliens are apprehended at or near the border attempting to enter this country illegally. Many ask for asylum, claiming that they would be persecuted if returned to their home countries. Some of these claims are valid, and by granting asylum, the United States lives up to its ideal... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.777778 | 2 | 106 | 5,319 |
Section 1252(e)(2) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) provides that an alien subject to expedited removal, such as an alien who lacks a valid entry document, may be removed unless the asylum officer, a supervisor, and an immigration judge all find that the applicant has not as... |
2019_18-1195 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1195 | . The Montana Legislature established a program to provide tuition assistance to parents who send their children to private schools. The program grants a tax credit to anyone who donates to certain organizations that in turn award scholarships to selected students attending such schools. When petitioners sought to use ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.555556 | 1 | 7 | 5,320 |
The Montana Legislature in 2015 sought to provide parental and student choice in education by enacting a scholarship program for students attending private schools. The program grants a tax credit to any taxpayer who donates to a participating student scholarship organization that awards scholarships to children for ... |
2019_18-1334 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1334 | . The Constitution’s Appointments Clause says that the President “shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States . . . .” Art. II, §2, cl. 2 (emphasis added). In... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 135 | 5,321 |
The Constitution provides strong reason to believe that the Appointments Clause restricts the appointment of all officers of the United States, including those who carry out their powers and duties in or in relation to Puerto Rico. The Constitution requires cooperation among the three basic powers of Government --leg... |
2019_18-1048 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1048 | . The question in this case is whether the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, June 10, 1958, 21 U. S. T. 2517, T. I. A. S. No. 6997, conflicts with domestic equitable estoppel doctrines that permit the enforcement of arbitration agreements by nonsignatories. We hold that it does n... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 184 | 5,322 |
The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (FAA), a multilateral treaty that addresses international arbitration, provides that courts of a contracting state shall, at the request of one of the parties, refer the parties to arbitration unless it finds that the agreement is n... |
2019_18-1150 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1150 | . The Copyright Act grants potent, decades-long monopoly protection for “original works of authorship.” 17 U. S. C. §102(a). The question in this case is whether that protection extends to the annotations contained in Georgia’s official annotated code. We hold that it does not. Over a century ago, we recognized a limit... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0.555556 | 3 | 192 | 5,323 |
The Georgia Constitution grants potent, decades-long monopoly protection for copyright for "original works of authorship." Under the government edicts doctrine, officials empowered to speak with the force of law cannot be the authors of (and therefore cannot copyright) the works they create in the course of their off... |
2019_18-776 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-776 | . Section 242(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, codified as 8 U. S. C. §1252(a), provides for judicial review of a final Government order directing the removal of an alien from this country. See 66Stat. 163, as amended, 8 U. S. C. §1101 et seq. A subdivision of that section limits the scope of that review wher... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.777778 | 1 | 327 | 5,324 |
Section 242(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act provides for judicial review of a final Government order directing the removal of an alien from this country. A subdivision of that section limits the scope of that review where the removal rests upon the fact that the alien has committed certain crimes, includin... |
2019_17-1678 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-1678 | . We are asked in this case to extend Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), and create a damages remedy for a cross-border shooting. As we have made clear in many prior cases, however, the Constitution’s separation of powers requires us to exercise caution before extending Bivens to a new “c... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0.555556 | 2 | 260 | 5,325 |
Petitioners brought suit in Federal District Court for damages under Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), alleging that Border Patrol Agent Jesus Mesa, Jr., shot and killed one of petitioner Hernández Güereca, a 15-year-old Mexican national, during a cross-border shooting incident. The Di... |
2019_18-7739 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-7739 | . A criminal defendant who wishes a court of appeals to consider a claim that a ruling of a trial court was in error must first make his objection known to the trial-court judge. The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide two ways of doing so. They say that “[a] party may preserve a claim of error by informing the... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 5,326 |
Petitioner was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to 60 months in prison and five years of supervised release. At the time of his conviction, he was also serving a supervised release related to an earlier crime. The Government asked the court to find that petitioner had violated the conditions of that earlie... |
2019_18-1116 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1116 | . The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) requires plaintiffs with “actual knowledge” of an alleged fiduciary breach to file suit within three years of gaining that knowledge rather than within the 6-year period that would otherwise apply. §413(a)(2)(A), 88Stat. 889, as amended, 29 U. S. C. §1113. T... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 230 | 5,327 |
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) requires plaintiffs with "actual knowledge" of an alleged fiduciary breach to file suit within three years of gaining that knowledge, rather than within the 6-year period that would otherwise apply. ERISA and its implementing regulations mandate various disc... |
2019_18-1323 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1323 | , in which Justice Ginsburg, Justice Sotomayor, and Justice Kagan join. In Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt, 579 U. S. ___ (2016), we held that “ ‘[u]nnecessary health regulations that have the purpose or effect of presenting a substantial obstacle to a woman seeking an abortion impose an undue burden on the right’ ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0.555556 | 1 | 7 | 5,328 |
In March 2014, five months after Texas enacted its admitting-privileges law, three abortion clinics and two abortion providers filed suit in Federal District Court, alleging that the law imposed an undue burden on the right of their patients to obtain an abortion. The District Court issued a temporary restraining ord... |
2019_18-6135 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-6135 | . This case is about Kansas’s treatment of a criminal defendant’s insanity claim. In Kansas, a defendant can invoke mental illness to show that he lacked the requisite mens rea (intent) for a crime. He can also raise mental illness after conviction to justify either a reduced term of imprisonment or commitment to a men... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0.666667 | 1 | 28 | 5,329 |
Kansas law provides that a defendant can invoke mental illness to show that he lacked the requisite mens rea (intent) for a crime, and he can also raise mental illness after conviction to justify either a reduced term of imprisonment or commitment to a mental health facility. But Kansas will not wholly exonerate a de... |
2019_17-834 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-834 | . Kansas law makes it a crime to commit “identity theft” or engage in fraud to obtain a benefit. Respondents—three aliens who are not authorized to work in this country—were convicted under these provisions for fraudulently using another person’s Social Security number on state and federal tax-withholding forms that th... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0.555556 | 2 | 106 | 5,330 |
Section 1324a(b)(1)(A) of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) makes it a crime to commit identity theft or engage in fraud to obtain a benefit, and §1324a (h)(2) makes no mention of state or local laws that impose criminal or civil sanctions on employees or applicants for employment. Respondents, t... |
2019_18-556 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-556 | . This case presents the question whether a police officer violates the Fourth Amendment by initiating an investigative traffic stop after running a vehicle’s license plate and learning that the registered owner has a revoked driver’s license. We hold that when the officer lacks information negating an inference that t... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.888889 | 2 | 126 | 5,331 |
Kansas charged respondent with driving as a habitual violator after a traffic stop revealed that he was driving with a revoked license. Respondent filed a motion to suppress all evidence seized during the stop, claiming that the officer lacked reasonable suspicion. Neither respondent nor the officer testified at the... |
2019_18-1059 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1059 | . For four days in September 2013, traffic ground to a halt in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The cause was an unannounced realignment of 12 toll lanes leading to the George Washington Bridge, an entryway into Manhattan administered by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. For decades, three of those access lanes had b... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 5,332 |
The Federal Wire Fraud Act makes it a crime to obtain money or property by means of false pretenses, representations, or promises. 18 U.S. C. §1343. Similarly, §666(a)(1)(A) bars theobtain[ing] by fraud (including money) the property of a federally funded program or entity like the Port Authority. The Port Authorit... |
2019_19-431 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-431 | . In these consolidated cases, we decide whether the Government created lawful exemptions from a regulatory requirement implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), 124Stat. 119. The requirement at issue obligates certain employers to provide contraceptive coverage to their employees throu... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0.777778 | 1 | 28 | 5,333 |
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) requires covered employers to offer group health plans or group health insurance coverage that provides minimum essential coverage. The statute does not define preventive care or screenings, nor does it include an exhaustive or illustrative list of such ser... |
2019_18-1501 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1501 | . In Kokesh v. SEC, 581 U. S. ___ (2017), this Court held that a disgorgement order in a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement action imposes a “penalty” for the purposes of 28 U. S. C. §2462, the applicable statute of limitations. In so deciding, the Court reserved an antecedent question: whether, and t... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0.888889 | 1 | 405 | 5,334 |
Petitioners, husband and wife, solicited nearly $27 million from foreign investors under the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Immigrant Investor Program (EB–5 Program). The program permits noncitizens to apply for permanent residence in the United States by investing in approved commercial enterprises that ar... |
2019_18-8369 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-8369 | .[1] To help staunch a “flood of nonmeritorious” prisoner litigation, the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) established what has become known as the three-strikes rule. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 203 (2007). That rule generally prevents a prisoner from bringing suit in forma pauperis (IFP)—that is, without ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 5,335 |
The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) established the three-strikes rule, which generally prevents a prisoner from bringing suit in forma pauperis (IFP) if he has had three or more prior suits dismissed on the grounds that they were frivolous, malicious, or fail[ed] to state a claim upon which relief may be... |
2019_18-1086 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1086 | . This case arises from protracted litigation between petitioners Lucky Brand Dungarees, Inc., and others (collectively Lucky Brand) and respondent Marcel Fashions Group, Inc. (Marcel). In the latest lawsuit between the two, Lucky Brand asserted a defense against Marcel that it had not pressed fully in a preceding suit... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 184 | 5,336 |
After protracted litigation between petitioners Lucky Brand Dungarees, Inc., and others (collectively Lucky Brand), respondent Marcel Fashions Group, Inc. (Marcel), asserted a defense against Marcel that it had not pressed fully in a preceding suit between the parties. The District Court granted Lucky Brand summary ... |
2019_18-1023 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1023 | .[1]* The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act expanded healthcare coverage to many who did not have or could not afford it. The Affordable Care Act did this by, among other things, providing tax credits to help people buy insurance and establishing online marketplaces where insurers could sell plans. To encourag... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0.888889 | 1 | 27 | 5,337 |
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Act) expanded coverage to many who did not have or could not afford it by, among other things, providing tax credits to help people buy insurance and establishing virtual health-insurance markets, or "Health Benefit Exchanges," in each State. The Act created the Risk Co... |
2019_18-9526 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-9526 | . On the far end of the Trail of Tears was a promise. Forced to leave their ancestral lands in Georgia and Alabama, the Creek Nation received assurances that their new lands in the West would be secure forever. In exchange for ceding “all their land, East of the Mississippi river,” the U. S. government agreed by treaty... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.555556 | 1 | 28 | 5,338 |
The federal Major Crimes Act (MCA) provides that, within the Indian country of the United States, an Indian who commits certain enumerated offenses against the person or property of another Indian or any other person shall be subject to the same law and penalties as all other persons committing any of the above offen... |
2019_18-1109 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1109 | . Over a 4-week span in early 1991, James McKinney and his half brother, Charles Hedlund, burglarized five residences in the Phoenix, Arizona, area. During one of the burglaries, McKinney and Hedlund beat and repeatedly stabbed Christine Mertens. McKinney then shot Mertens in the back of the head, fatally wounding her.... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.555556 | 1 | 28 | 5,339 |
A jury convicted respondent of two counts of first-degree murder. The Arizona trial judge found aggravating circumstances for both murders. For the first murder, the judge found that respondent committed the murder for pecuniary gain and that he killed the victim in an especially heinous, cruel, or depraved manner. T... |
2019_18-1432 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1432 | . Under federal immigration law, noncitizens who commit certain crimes are removable from the United States. During removal proceedings, a noncitizen may raise claims under the international Convention Against Torture, known as CAT. If the noncitizen demonstrates that he likely would be tortured if removed to the desig... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.777778 | 1 | 1 | 5,340 |
Federal immigration law provides that a noncitizen may raise claims under the international Convention Against Torture, known as CAT, if he demonstrates that he likely would be tortured if removed to the designated country of removal. Under 8 U.S. C. §1252(a)(2)(C), the Government filed a petition in the Court of App... |
2019_17-1268 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-1268 | . In 1998, al Qaeda operatives simultaneously detonated truck bombs outside the United States Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Hundreds died, thousands were injured. In time, victims and their family members sued the Republic of Sudan in federal court, alleging that it had assisted al Qaeda in perpetrating the attacks.... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 5,341 |
After al Qaeda operatives simultaneously detonated truck bombs outside the United States Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, hundreds died, thousands were injured. In time, victims and their family members sued the Republic of Sudan in federal court, alleging that it had assisted al Qaeda in perpetrating the attacks. Af... |
2019_19-267 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-267 | . These cases require us to decide whether the First Amendment permits courts to intervene in employment disputes involving teachers at religious schools who are entrusted with the responsibility of instructing their students in the faith. The First Amendment protects the right of religious institutions “to decide for ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.777778 | 2 | 145 | 5,342 |
These cases consider employment discrimination claims brought by two elementary school teachers at Catholic schools whose teaching responsibilities are similar to those of the teachers at the religious schools where they teach. The first case involves Agnes Morrissey-Berru, who was employed at Our Lady of Guadalupe S... |
2019_18-801 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-801 | . Section 145 of the Patent Act affords applicants “dissatisfied with the decision of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board” an opportunity to file a civil action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. 35 U. S. C. §145. The statute specifies that “[a]ll the expenses of the proceedings sha... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 172 | 5,343 |
The Patent Act creates two mutually exclusive pathways to challenge an adverse decision by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO): (1) judicial review by direct appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 35 U. S. C. §141, and (2) a new civil action against the Director of the PTO in federal ... |
2019_18-5924 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-5924 | with respect to Parts I, II–A, III, and IV–B–1, an opinion with respect to Parts II–B, IV–B–2, and V, in which Justice Ginsburg, Justice Breyer, and Justice Sotomayor join, and an opinion with respect to Part IV–A, in which Justice Ginsburg and Justice Breyer join. Accused of a serious crime, Evangelisto Ramos insisted... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.666667 | 1 | 28 | 5,344 |
The Sixth Amendment, as incorporated against the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, requires a unanimous verdict to convict a defendant of a serious offense. The Constitution forbids States to use nonunanimous juries, but the Sixth Amendment provides that the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and impartial ... |
2019_18-938 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-938 | . Under the Bankruptcy Code, filing a petition for bankruptcy automatically “operates as a stay” of creditors’ debt-collection efforts outside the umbrella of the bankruptcy case. 11 U. S. C. §362(a). The question this case presents concerns the finality of, and therefore the time allowed for appeal from, a bankruptcy ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 138 | 5,345 |
Under the Bankruptcy Code, filing a petition for bankruptcy automatically "operates as a stay" of creditors' debt-collection efforts outside the umbrella of the bankruptcy case. In civil litigation generally, a court's order denying relief from the automatic stay ordinarily becomes final, for purposes of appeal, onl... |
2019_18-1233 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1233 | . When it comes to remedies for trademark infringement, the Lanham Act authorizes many. A district court may award a winning plaintiff injunctive relief, damages, or the defendant’s ill-gotten profits. Without question, a defendant’s state of mind may have a bearing on what relief a plaintiff should receive. An innocen... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 184 | 5,346 | ) When it comes to remedies for trademark infringement, the Lanham Act authorizes many. A district court may award a winning plaintiff injunctive relief, damages, or the defendant's ill-gotten profits. Without question, a defendant's state of mind may have a bearing on what relief a plaintiff should receive. But some c... |
2019_18-328 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-328 | . The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) authorizes private civil actions against debt collectors who engage in certain prohibited practices. 91Stat. 881, 15 U. S. C. §1692k(a). An action under the FDCPA may be brought “within one year from the date on which the violation occurs.” §1692k(d). This case requires ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0.888889 | 2 | 135 | 5,347 |
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) authorizes private civil actions against debt collectors who engage in certain prohibited practices. An action under the FDCPA may be brought in any appropriate federal district court within one year from the date on which the violation occurs, but may not be brought un... |
2019_19-7 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-7 | with respect to Parts I, II, and III. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, Congress established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an independent regulatory agency tasked with ensuring that consumer debt products are safe and transparent. In organizing the CFPB, Congress deviated from the structure o... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0.555556 | 1 | 12 | 5,348 |
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an independent regulatory agency, is led by a single Director, who serves for a longer term than the President and cannot be removed by the President except for inefficiency, neglect, or malfeasance. The Director has no boss, peers, or voters to report to, but he wiel... |
2019_18-6662 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-6662 | . The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U. S. C. §924(e), mandates a 15-year minimum sentence of imprisonment for certain defendants with prior convictions for a “serious drug offense.” A state offense ranks as a “serious drug offense” only if it “involv[es] manufacturing, distributing, or possessing with intent to ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 5,349 |
The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACA) mandates a 15-year minimum sentence of imprisonment for certain defendants with prior convictions for a state offense, which ranks as a "serious drug offense" only if it "involv[es] manufacturing, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture or distribute, a controlled su... |
2019_17-1712 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/17-1712 | . To establish standing under Article III of the Constitution, a plaintiff must demonstrate (1) that he or she suffered an injury in fact that is concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent, (2) that the injury was caused by the defendant, and (3) that the injury would likely be redressed by the requested judicial... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0.555556 | 0 | 113 | 5,350 |
To establish standing under Article III of the Constitution, a plaintiff must demonstrate (1) that he or she suffered an injury in fact that is concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent, (2) that the injury was caused by the defendant, and (3) the injury would likely be redressed by the requested judicial reli... |
2019_18-916 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-916 | .[1]* Inter partes review is an administrative process in which a patent challenger may ask the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to reconsider the validity of earlier granted patent claims. This case concerns a statutorily prescribed limitation of the issues a party may raise on appeal from an inter partes revie... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0.777778 | 3 | 133 | 5,351 |
When presented with a request for inter partes review, the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) must decide whether to institute review under 35 U.S. C. §314. Among other conditions set by statute, if the request comes more than a year after suit against the requesting party for patent infringement, §315(b) may not be i... |
2019_19-715 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-715 | . Over the course of five days in April 2019, three committees of the U. S. House of Representatives issued four subpoenas seeking information about the finances of President Donald J. Trump, his children, and affiliated businesses. We have held that the House has authority under the Constitution to issue subpoenas to ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0.777778 | 3 | 122 | 5,352 |
Pursuant to House Resolution 206, which called for closing loopholes allowing corruption, terrorism, and money laundering to infiltrate the financial system, the House Committee on Financial Services issued subpoenas seeking the financial information of President Donald J. Trump, his children, and affiliated business... |
2019_19-635 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-635 | . In our judicial system, “the public has a right to every man’s evidence.”[1] Since the earliest days of the Republic, “every man” has included the President of the United States. Beginning with Jefferson and carrying on through Clinton, Presidents have uniformly testified or produced documents in criminal proceedings... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.777778 | 1 | 19 | 5,353 |
Acting on behalf of a grand jury, the New York County District Attorney served a subpoena duces tecum (essentially a request to produce evidence) on a personal accounting firm of President Donald J. Trump. The subpoena directed the firm to produce financial records relating to the President and business organizations... |
2019_19-46 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-46 | . This case concerns eligibility for federal trademark registration. Respondent Booking.com, an enterprise that maintains a travel-reservation website by the same name, sought to register the mark “Booking.com.” Concluding that “Booking.com” is a generic name for online hotel-reservation services, the U. S. Patent and ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0.888889 | 3 | 122 | 5,354 |
The Lanham Act, enacted in 1946, provides federal statutory protection for trademarks. The Act not only arms trademark owners with federal claims for relief; importantly, it establishes a system of federal trademark registration. The owner of a mark on the principal register enjoys benefits, including a presumption t... |
2019_19-177 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-177 | . In 2003, Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act, known as the Leadership Act. 117Stat. 711, as amended, 22 U. S. C. §7601 et seq. Aiming to enhance America’s response to the ravages of the global HIV/AIDS crisis, the Leadership ... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0.625 | 2 | 165 | 5,355 |
The United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act (Act) launched the largest international public health program of its kind ever created. The Act has helped save an estimated 17 million lives, primarily in Africa, and is widely viewed as the most successful American foreign aid program si... |
2019_18-1584 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/18-1584 | .[1]* We granted certiorari in these consolidated cases to decide whether the United States Forest Service has authority under the Mineral Leasing Act, 30 U. S. C. §181 et seq., to grant rights-of-way through lands within national forests traversed by the Appalachian Trail. 588 U. S. ___ (2019). We hold that the Minera... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0.777778 | 3 | 150 | 5,356 |
The United States Forest Service ( Forest Service) has authority under the Mineral Leasing Act (Leasing Act) to grant rights-of-way through lands within national forests traversed by the Appalachian Trail. .
(a) The Forest Service has undisputed authority over lands within the National Forest System under the Nationa... |
2019_19-67 | 2,019 | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2019/19-67 | . This case concerns 8 U. S. C. §1324, which makes it a federal felony to “encourag[e] or induc[e] an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such coming to, entry, or residence is or will be in violation of law.” §1324(a)(1)(A)(iv). The crime carries a... | NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. De... | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 126 | 5,357 |
Respondent, who had been indicted for violations of 8 U.S. C. §1324, which makes it a federal felony to
"encourag[e]... an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such coming to, entry, or residence is or will be in violation of law,"
and which carrie... |
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