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displaced children and adolescents residing in host communities, rather than in refugee camps. Particularly, VenRePs-Kids collects data on 2, 556 households including 1, 338 Colombian and 918 Venezuelan households, respectively. The study collects rich and comprehensive data on children ’ s and adolescent ’ s developme... | {
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area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratifi- cation reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occa... | {
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However, there is no consensus or agreed best practices on the use of these methods in different contexts or stages of displacement (Brookings 2013). 92 The absence of data on new displacement may simply mean that no displacement has taken place (IDMC 2016). 93 IDMC reports that data, disaggregated by age and sex, were... | {
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In recent years enrollment rates have increased sharply and are higher for girls than boys in Bangladesh's urban areas, according to UNICEF.
Female children are more likely to be enrolled than male children in primary schools, a result in line with recent UNICEF findings.
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The LMP commits the project to applying the principle of equal pay for work of equal value and to prohibiting any deduction from wages without explicit written worker consent. Contractors are required to keep payroll records in a format compatible with SIGAF's payroll reporting template and to make these records availa... | {
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as farm tools and water pumps, sewing and building equipment, and commercial cars. Outliers are treated, and values are adjusted for inflation. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Camp Hosts Camp Refugees Current Camp Refugees COB Other (rental income, PSNP, pension) Remittances (local/international) Donations (NGO/gov) Crops/livestock ... | {
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months before their survey interview compared to any other group. Of the South Sudanese refugees and hosts that had health issues, 65 percent of refugees and 59 percent of hosts were ill due to malaria. Somali refugees and their hosts have the lowest share of illness (Annex D, Table D.3). Of the ill, most hosts and ref... | {
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The SIGAF system's fixed assets module was used to register all project-procured equipment at point of delivery. Each item received a unique SIGAF asset code printed on a tamper-proof label, and asset records were updated to reflect depreciation annually using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. Th... | {
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The survey results indicate that a significant
majority of youth in Northwest Syria, 92% **Which services are requiered by youth to**
**improve their situation?**
indicated that **youth require various services to**
**address their needs and aspirations** . The most
identified services required by youth include
im... | {
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In other settings, NGOs such as Rozan in Pakistan (Rashid, 2001), Profamilia in the Dominican Republic (Guedes et al., 2002), and the Musasa Project in Zimbabwe have trained law enforcement personnel on issues related to gender-based violence. Elsewhere, governments have collaborated with the United Nations to provide ... | {
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According to data collected by the GBV – Information Management System in South Sudan in 2016, approximately 98% of
reported GBV incidents affected women and girls. Half (51%) are survivors of intimate partner violence are women. A third of
women (33%) have experienced sexual violence from a non-partner, primarily duri... | {
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The SEIS income module collects data on four income sources: formal wage employment, self-employment net earnings, transfers from households in the country of origin, and humanitarian cash assistance. Households reporting income from all four sources are rare (fewer than 3 percent of the SEIS sample), and the total hou... | {
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Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The pa... | {
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refugee households living under OCP, 10 percent moved to Addis Ababa to access basic social services, such as education and health. Thus, some refugees from the above may receive medical services free of charge. Based on SESRE data, most OCP refugees (58 percent) rely primarily on private healthcare services, while 40 ... | {
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According to 2017 data from GSO, these 864 schools represent about 12 percent of all schools in coastal provinces (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, n.d.).
Data on power plants was sourced from the free and open Global Power Plant Database created and maintained by the World Resources Institute (WRI) (Global Energ... | {
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ES.6: Host response to “Refugees are good people” Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Executive Summary viii Continue implementation of progressive policies: ◆ Implement concrete actions to fulfill Government pledges and proclamations to move away from encampment toward mobility based on economic opportunitie... | {
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in Ethiopia, as well as from host communities. The sample frame for the survey was derived from the list of all refugee camps, sites, and locations provided by UNHCR-Ethiopia as of January 2017, covering the four main regions that host refugees: Tigray, Afar, Gambella, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Somali. The SPS specificall... | {
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The respondent ’ s current location is iden- tified down to the centro poblado level, which roughly corresponds to an urban neighborhood or a rural town. Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) is the Peruvian version of the Living Standards Measurement Survey, e. g. a nationally representative household survey collected m... | {
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Moreover, some refugees may not register because they are unaware that they should, and others may be reluctant to do so because they are skeptical of the integrity of the registration process (e. g. fair access to entitlements or opportunities for durable solutions) or lack confidence in protection measures. Individua... | {
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neighbouring countries disclose episodes of violence and cite the risk of conflict-related
sexual violence as one of the main reasons for flight. Accounts of combatants looting
civilians’ homes and deliberately targeting women and girls, as well as cases of harassment
at checkpoints, and of sexual violence and exploita... | {
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Poverty remains widespread and social indicators are well below the average for Sub-Saharan Africa. Chad is ranked 173 among the 177 countries surveyed in the 2006 UNDP Human Development Report. The incidence of poverty (defined as the proportion of households with annual spending below what is necessary to meet minima... | {
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The second source is Giri et al. (2011), who use 1997 to 2000 Landsat data, together with supervised and unsupervised digital image classification, to construct a 30 square meter resolution map of the global distribution of mangrove.
4Nordhaus (2006) considers areas with elevation less than 8 meters as vulnerable to s... | {
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**SOUTH SUDAN** | October 2023
- Adapt modalities of GBV services to address and response to needs of persons with disabilities and GBV actors know how
to access support services, for example for interpretation. Local OPDs, in particular women led OPDs, are trained in how
to safely identify and refer GBV survivors.
-... | {
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be imputed into the LFS, it may be unclear, ex-ante, if SUTPs are adequately included in the survey. Despite a small sample of foreigners and other concerns, there is evidence that the LFS sample does include some “ recent foreign ” migrants, especially in the border regions (NUTS2) [TRC1-Gaziantep, Adiyaman, Kilis, TR... | {
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Figure 4: Refugees and Asylum-Seekers by Migratory Path 1951 – 2015 Source: UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database, UNHCR Global Trends 2015 Usage context: background mention, supporting mention, primary mention. | {
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This paper analyzes data from the initial wave of VenRePS-Kids, conducted from Oc- tober to December 2022, to outline key demographics and stylized facts about forcibly displaced children and adolescents. Initially, we examine the human development dis- parities of forcibly displaced Venezuelan children and adolescents... | {
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**awareness sessions (90%), community networks (53%) protection analysis (44%). The** main gap remains
on specific strategies to mitigate impacts on **the safety, evacuation routes and well-being** .
According to the survey findings, a significant majority of respondents (77%) indicated **that there are**
**currentl... | {
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Page 7 of 51 In this sense, it is necessary to draw attention to the fact that the non-standard employment statistics presented below are not homogeneous among countries. In countries where both forms of non- standard employment were identified, we define non-standard employment as those occupations that satisfy at lea... | {
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REGIONAL BUREAU OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
PROTECTION MONITORING DASHBOARD ON INCIDENTS IN DRC AND MOZAMBIQUE
As of 30 September 2022
MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF REPORTED PROTECTION INCIDENTS PER
Province in Mozambique
(MOZ) covered by
protection monitoring | {
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- Significant number of new IDPs (141,775 as of June 2017) due to the recurrent military clashes,
decrease of 25% compared to 2016;
- Increase number of refugee returnees as of June 2017 compared to the previous year due to
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- Increased trends in short term displacement... | {
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In a 2004 note to its Executive Com- mittee, UNHCR established the average at 17 years at the end of 2003 (Executive Committee of the High Commissioner ’ s Programme 2004). This number has been widely quoted by media, ac- tivists, humanitarian agencies, and development institutions (Milner 2014; United Nations 2016; UN... | {
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In this sense, it is necessary to take into consideration that all indicators of prevalence of NSE and its profile will be limited to a subset of this kind of workers. 4. 1 Latin America and the Caribbean This section focuses on the Latin America and the Caribbean region, where a set of 9 countries, that we consider re... | {
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Border crossings The registration of people crossing internationals borders is conducted in many countries, and in some cases these data are used to estimate migration flows. Identifying refugees among people crossing borders is a significant challenge, particularly if individuals decide not to apply for asylum or refu... | {
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It is difficult to draw causal inference from observational data. This study is no exception. The results presented here are nevertheless sufficiently suggestive to cast doubt on the theory that the choice of migration destination is driven primarily by income differentials. Other factors seem to play a strong — and probabl... | {
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9 Bank Account No member has a bank or mobile money account. 1 / 12 Many of the indicators align with goals identified in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, such as no hunger, good health, access to quality education, clean water and sanitation, and decent work, as well as indicators that are especially relev... | {
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The LFS employment module follows ILO definitions: a person is classified as employed if they performed at least one hour of paid or unpaid work during the reference week, or if they were temporarily absent from their regular job. The LFS therefore captures both formal wage employment and informal self-employment in su... | {
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challenge in some cases, notably among South Sudanese, refugees generally believe they are culturally similar to their hosts. This rate averages 78 percent for all refugees. It is lowest in South Sudanese camps at 68 percent and highest in Somali camps at 87 percent. Many of these refugees who say they are culturally s... | {
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Africa. The Afro Barometer Working Papers No. 200. Woldehanna, T., Hoddinott, J., and Dercon, S. (2008). Poverty and Inequality in Ethiopia:1995/96 – 2004/05. May. World Bank (2017). Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts. Washington, D.C: World ... | {
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0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Annexes 114 The regression specification used is: where is the vector of control variables that include demographic characteristics (sex of household head, age of household head, family size, years of schooling completed by the head), assets and wealth (mobile phone ownership, livestock ... | {
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to the Venezuelan migratory crisis, whereas the VenRepPS survey was conducted during the pandemic in 2020. These temporal inconsistencies result in varying sample composi- tions across surveys, diverging from the landscape we observe in 2022. Notably, forced migrants in the VenReps Kids survey migrated during the crisi... | {
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Overall, 27 % of the transitions that occurred had an imputed month. Two things to keep in mind when considering this table. This does not show all the respondents-time periods in our sample (8, 240 observations). Since imputation will only occur when there is a transition in or out of a job, we are only including in t... | {
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prior to the pandemic, a period characterized by less distinct time trends in the labor market. Since the focus of the paper is on the impact of COVID on labor market stock and dynamics, we also restrict the sample of interest to include only prime-aged working adults (aged 20 to 59). The dataset contains standard vari... | {
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recently introduced the first version of their Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD) that allows users to explore, filter and sort IDMC ’ s data to produce graphs and tables, and export underlying data. 102 Such platforms need to incorporate safeguards to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals ’ ... | {
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Consequently, they may fear detection by authorities when asked to respond to surveys or participate in public initiatives. 1 Furthermore, collective repre- sentative and longitudinal data on forcibly displaced migrants, a population with high mobility rates, is difficult and costly (Ib ´ a ˜ nez et al. 2024). This com... | {
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**Statistical Note: Clustering in DHS-Based Analyses**
In all regression tables, _t_-statistics are computed using standard errors clustered at the DHS cluster level. This clustering is essential because: (a) the DHS sampling design introduces within-cluster homogeneity that violates the assumption of independent erro... | {
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26 value of consumption flow of durable goods. 22 While monetary poverty can measure temporal resource holdings, multidimensional poverty, as a more comprehensive measure, includes chronic and exacerbating sources of poverty. This difference explains the existence of mismatches between individuals identified as monetar... | {
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Staff based on SESRE 2023. Most of the analysis presented in this chapter is based on detailed consumption data from the Socioeconomic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia (SESRE) conducted between October 2022 and February 2023. All consumption of food and non-food items is included, regardless of whether these items are pu... | {
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12 employment status and education level also significant at 10 %. Marital status and education are important predictors of attrition. As we might expect, these imbalances suggest some threats that, if left uncorrected, could undermine the parallel trends assumption of difference-in-difference estimators. That said, we... | {
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The GIS-based beneficiary targeting map was reviewed during the midterm assessment to verify that the communities selected for Component 2 infrastructure investments remained those with the highest unmet need. Updated displacement figures from UNHCR and poverty scores from the Ministry of Social Welfare were overlaid i... | {
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However, an endline survey was conducted after the second round of the EPAG program as per the timeline depicted in Figure 1. Examination of this endline survey data will permit a descriptive analysis of the outcomes of the first group of trainees 12 months after they completed the EPAG program, as well as examination ... | {
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the standard ethnic diversity indices to include the annual variation in refugee ethnicities. 8 We then construct a measure of proximity between the clusters in the host country and refugees in surrounding camps by defining an 80-km buffer around each cluster. 9 To control for unobserved heterogeneity and changes withi... | {
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Production data for the agricultural cooperative subcomponent were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture's crop monitoring unit, which collects yield estimates from extension officers at the district level following each harvest season. These production data cover 14 crop types and are disaggregated by farm size ca... | {
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A joint study conducted by HI and IOM in Bentiu in 2023 highlights the limited capacity of the South Sudanese authorities to
address the needs and rights of persons with disabilities, compounding the challenges. The gaps in disability disaggregated
data also hinder effective assistance, although at times there may be v... | {
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food item per month and cash transfers per person per month for each camp and period. The food items include cereal, wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, CSB/famex (CSB+), pulse, biscuit, date biscuit, dates, oil, vegetable oil, salt, and cash (Table E.4). We have computed the per person per month in-kind aid quantities into a... | {
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The UNHCR data identify principal applicants for each household and our analysis examines differences in household poverty between households with a female rather than male principal applicant. 6 The principal applicant is the person who receives assistance from UNHCR for the family and is self ‐ selected or selected b... | {
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29 should be entered immediately into the accounts; and (c) Payment must be recorded as soon as they are made. Budget implementation should be reviewed periodically to ensure that programs are implemented effectively and to identify any financial or policy derailment. The review of budget execution should cover financi... | {
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10 Figure 3: Level of education age 25 +; compared with regional average (%) (*) INSTAT refers to census 2009 Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. With regards to ownership of consumer durables, IDPs, refugees and returnees were better endowed than the average citizen of the North (see Figure 4). As was ... | {
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Recall that, by definition, attritors are not enrolled in a JFPR school. Arguably, the probability of
6 Smith and Welch parametrize this as the enrollment ratio between attritors and non-attritors. We report this ratio
in columns 2 and 5 of Table 3.
11
<!-- PAGE 13 -->
probability of other girls who were turned d... | {
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10 as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), though researchers have reduced under-reporting by providing special training to interviewers, placing greater emphasis on respondents ’ privacy and safety, and allowing women multiple opportunities to disclose their experiences (Ellsberg et al., 2001a; Garcia Moreno et a... | {
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Poverty remains widespread and social indicators are well below the average for Sub-Saharan Africa. Chad is ranked 173 among the 177 countries surveyed in the 2006 UNDP Human Development Report. The incidence of poverty (defined as the proportion of households with annual spending below what is necessary to meet minima... | {
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34 Any statistics on the imputed welfare will based on the set of imputed welfares for each household. The estimator takes the form, with R denotes the number of simulation: ܪ ൌ 1 ܴ ݄ ሺݕ ሻ ோ ୀ ଵ where ݄ ሺݕሻ is a function that converts the vector y with (log) incomes for all households into a poverty measure (... | {
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displaced due to armed conflict, situations of generalized violence and violations of human rights. 28 Data on IDPs monitored by IDMC are disaggregated and currently published separately for conflict-induced displacement and disaster-induced displacement. 29 At the country level the IOM ’ s Displacement Tracking Matrix... | {
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Ethiopia. Box 1.1: Comparison of SPS 2017 and SESRE 2023 Sociodemographic Profile 9 2. Sociodemographic Profile T his chapter presents results on sociodemographic outcomes of refugees and hosts. It provides the context for refugees and their hosts, covering demographic characteristics, human capital, living conditions,... | {
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In 2008, trained enumerators conducted face-to-face interviews in local languages with 26, 513 respondents across 19 countries. 5 The sample is designed as a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The dataset used for this paper has a multilevel structure; individuals are nested ... | {
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The data on total gross profits and net sales acquired from the Turkish Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology are compiled from administrative taxation data and was provided upon request by the ministry. The key difference from the Chamber of Commerce data is that the sales and profits data include all businesses i... | {
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13 genocide in 1994, with estimates that approximately 300, 000 to 400, 000 women suffered rape; Somalia in the early 1990s; the conflict in Kashmir; the 15-year-long civil war in Peru; and the recent civil war in Sudan (See, for example, McGinn 2000; El Jack 2003; Human Rights Watch 1995, 1996; McGinn 2000; Swiss and ... | {
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4 Internal Conflicts and Refugees A particularly serious aspect of internal conflicts is the human suffering they generate. This is not only those who are killed or injured in conflict but the large number of people who are forced to leave their homes. The issue of refugees has received particular attention in Western medi... | {
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arise. The field visits helped to understand the camp administrative structure and environment of the teams facilitating the camp and to test the accessibility of sampled refugee households inside the camp, in Addis Ababa, and the identification of the host. ESS provided detailed feedback on the fieldwork procedures an... | {
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14 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). 5. 2 Composition of poverty Unpacking the headline numbers further, important patterns emerge about the composition of multidimensional poverty among f... | {
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Ethiopia–Household Welfare Statistics Survey (HoWStat)—excludes the majority of displaced populations (Internally Displaced People [IDPs] or refugees) from its sample of households. Thus, we have limited in-depth information on the socio-economic outcomes—including on poverty— for refugees across all camps in Ethiopia ... | {
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The paper extends the GTAP 8 database by separating Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and West Bank and Gaza from the rest of the Western Asia aggregate and Algeria and Libya from the rest of North Africa. Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Oman are aggregated into a GCC composite group. In addition, the 57 sec... | {
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12 crop products (e. g., wheat, potatoes) and the value of five livestock products (i. e., milk, egg, butter, hides, and honey) sold in the market. 14 Several other data sources were utilized. First, the Ethiopian refugee camps location data set from the Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) 15 and the total number of refug... | {
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Since the set of household members at baseline have subsequently moved, and usually not as a unit, the 2004 round results in more than 2, 700 household interviews (from the baseline sample of 912 households). Although the KHDS is a panel of respondents and the concept of a ‘ household ’ after 10-13 years is a vague not... | {
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Significant among these are: (a) the lack of capacity of national statistical agencies in many developing countries to collect robust data on refugees; (b) weak or incomplete monitoring of refugees dispersed within host communities; (c) lack of capacity to maintain up to date information on refugees (reflecting new arr... | {
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Second, the Turkish LFS asks respondents whether they had previously lived in a different province (one of Turkey ’ s 81 NUTS 3 regions), and if so in what year they moved to their current province. We estimate the impact of refugees on the probability a native moved to a subregion in the past year. Table 9 reports OLS... | {
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Treatment Randomization: The housing subsidy program was randomized geographically at the community level. 8 In the first step, 158 communities in Irbid and Mafraq were randomized into treatment or control for HSP assistance, stratifying on governorate and district population quartile. One third of communities were rand... | {
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The paper assembles a new, regionwide panel data set that measures local economic activity using nightlights, potential hurricane damages using a detailed hurricane windstorm model, and mangrove protection by mapping the width of mangrove forests on the path to the coast.
Specifically, we use remote sensing data on ni... | {
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Bank branches in El Fasher have limited capital for small businesses as their headquarters in Khartoum regard the area as too great a risk and IDPs themselves as riskier investments than their host community peers (UN- HABITAT 2009: p. 8). Exposure to unclean cooking fuels and inadequate housing can lead to poor health... | {
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We have constructed two different variables that try to account for the degree of severity of the conflict. 10 The first variable identifies individuals belonging to households that were displaced due to the 1999 wave of violence (all members displaced). The second variable identifies individuals in households that rep... | {
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Bank branches in El Fasher have limited capital for small businesses as their headquarters in Khartoum regard the area as too great a risk and IDPs themselves as riskier investments than their host community peers (UN- HABITAT 2009: p. 8). Exposure to unclean cooking fuels and inadequate housing can lead to poor health... | {
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We sourced bilateral trade value data from WITS and bilateral tariff data from a medley of sources, presented in Appendix Table A1. As part of this procedure, all entries in the two composite regions (rest of Western Asia and rest of Northern Africa) were split and assigned the split values to the newly created economi... | {
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Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: Columns 3-4 are restricted to workers, and Columns 5-6 are restricted to workers in camps. High-skill occupations include managers, professionals, and associate professionals (around 7% of refugees). Standard errors clustered at the EA level. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 Annexe... | {
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In the recent past, the number of persons affected by drought has been comparable to
that of victims of hurricanes and floods (146 million, on average, between 2000 and
2005 according to the EM-DAT). The latest report of the IPCC predicts increased
water shortages in Africa (74 to 250 million people affected in 2020) a... | {
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the main government department responsible for refugee affairs, housed within the former National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS). The former ARRA was elevated to an agency level in accordance with Proclamation No. 1097/2018, which defines the Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Government and es... | {
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analysis of social integration outcomes (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Has in Ethiopia: Easy to do: Family Friend Market Interactions Social Interactions Sharing Resources Male 0.007 0.067** 0.033 0.010 -0.076** (0.017) (0.033) (0.027) (0.036) (0.035) Age Under 30 - - - - - Age 30-44 -0.030 0.033 0.007 0.004 -0.048* (0.021) (0.02... | {
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National Poverty line 32% 84% Food security High food insecurity 26% 67% Food insecurity scale 4.0 8.1 Social cohesion Economic competition 33% 49% Increased insecurity 37% 39% Source: Pape et al. (2018) and World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. | {
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21 Results suggest that 66 % of the returnees trust the Malian police and army most when it comes to providing security in the North. Almost half believe that the Malian army is brave and well trained. The vast majority of returnees believe that the government ’ s policies regarding reconciliation, security and social ... | {
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Gender Perceptions- Violence (IPV) The standardized total score of five questions regarding norms for inti- mate partner violence (IPV) from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (The important decisions in the family should be made only by the men of the family. How often would you agree? The wife has the right to ex... | {
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The study will conduct an ex-ante micro- simulation using pre-crisis household data (IHSES 2012) and macroeconomic projections for 2014 to gauge the distributional impact of the crises across groups (e. g. individuals and / or households, sectors, IDPs and host communities) and space (e. g. urban / rural, governorates)... | {
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Our results suggest that any comparative assessment of hunger prevalence using HCES should clearly
from HCES, such as poverty counts and inequality measures (Beegle et al. 2012). The reason is that the
expected when measuring hunger directly from HCES and how some of these errors likely differ by
hunger numbers acro... | {
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Table 2 presents hunger estimates derived from HCES alone. The calorie measure displays a great
One of the arguments for favoring the HCES-direct method over the FBS-CV method is that it allows for
patterns of hunger are sensitive to the type of HCES that is used. For example, for each standard
our experiment to cal... | {
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3. Secondary outcomes among refugees: These include a broader set of variables that were grouped into 14 broad families in the PAP including: (1) dwelling characteristics and house- hold structure, (2) consumption and expenditure, (3) financial participation, (4) earnings, labor, and occupational choice, (5) migration, ... | {
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We use the FAO Food Composition Tables for the Near East to convert daily food quantities into kilocalories; we then divide by the effective household size to get per capita daily caloric intake. [6]
The amount of assistance delivered during conflict is increas ing to support the growing share of the extreme poor livi... | {
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Notably, while we cannot rule out that time outside due to employment may play a role (e. g., fresh air may boost one ’ s mood), our time-use data indicates that the average refugee already spends at least three hours outside per day, with no measurable difference between employed and cash arms. As we are powered to det... | {
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To this effect, we replace yh i with yh i / yi in equation (1) and proceed as outlined above. If migration decisions are based on relative rather than absolute income, then the coefficients of eδs − eδi and (eηs − eηi) zh should be positive and significant only when they are computed using yh i / yi. In addition to relativ... | {
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1 POST-CONFLICT TRANSITIONS WORKING PAPER NO. 16 Population Size, Concentration, and Civil War. A Geographically Disaggregated Analysis * Håvard Hegre Centre for the Study of Civil War, PRIO (CSCW) Clionadh Raleigh CSCW, PRIO & University of Colorado at Boulder Abstract Why do larger countries have more armed conflict?... | {
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However, there is no consensus or agreed best practices on the use of these methods in different contexts or stages of displacement (Brookings 2013). 92 The absence of data on new displacement may simply mean that no displacement has taken place (IDMC 2016). 93 IDMC reports that data, disaggregated by age and sex, were... | {
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South Sudanese Addis Ababa All Refugees Discrimination/harassment in past year Victim of crime in past 2 weeks Figure 7.19: Discrimination and harassment Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 72 A ddressing the challenges refugees face in Ethiopia requires a concerted effort to promote their self-reliance, econ... | {
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thirty years of autocratic rule that followed the Congolese independence from Belgium colonial rule paved the way to a violent transition, culminating in two internationalized wars from 1996 to 1997, in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, and from 1998 to 2003. Since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003, eastern ... | {
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Moreover, some refugees may not register because they are unaware that they should, and others may be reluctant to do so because they are skeptical of the integrity of the registration process (e. g. fair access to entitlements or opportunities for durable solutions) or lack confidence in protection measures. Individua... | {
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