input string | output dict |
|---|---|
services or informal networks. The focus group discussions also underscored the precarious financial situation of many refugees, including those engaging in low-paid work below their qualifications, which creates a barrier for relocations to rented housing. 78% of respondents mentioned that they would not be able to co... | {
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but concentrated in high-risk areas such as the coast or river basins. In this section we present flood exposure estimated disaggregated to subnational regions, the number of which can vary across countries. World Bank household surveys are sampled to be statistically representative at different subnational levels – in... | {
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in Zambia, driven largely by the rapid growth in mining activities, which has seen the population of the district more than double in 10 years—from around 85,000 at the time of the 2010 census to 180,000 in the 2022 census. [23] The population of Meheba, which is predominantly youthful (75.9 percent ages below 35 years... | {
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_Note:_ Figure 5 shows the main treatment coefficients ( _active*mine_ ) using the baseline estimation strategy (with DHS individual-level data; see table 4 for more information) in the top panel, but with different cutoffs (10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 40 km, and 50 km). *** p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. The bottom panel shows th... | {
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access to health care, and are less likely to accept domestic violence. In addition, infant mortality rates decrease with up to 50% in mining communities, from very high initial levels (Benshaul-Tolonen, 2019). In a study that focuses exclusively on Ghana, Aragón and Rud (2013) explore the link between pollution from m... | {
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that the fact that M is chosen ex post (i.e., the country cannot commit not to borrow from the facility in period 1) simplifies the problem, which now boils down to the choice of period 0 borrowing, D0. Also note that, under the assumption that multilateral and private lending command the same interest rate, the actual... | {
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The sample is restricted to individuals living within 100 km of a deposit location ( _mine_ ), so many parts of Northern Ghana where there are few gold mines are not included in the analysis. The sample restriction is created by using the time-stable continuous distance measure that we calculate from each mine location... | {
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28 This morbidity assumption is based on proxy data used in other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for refugee camps and host communities (e.g., Somalia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, Kenya). 29 Kip Viscusi, W., and Clayton J. Masterman. “Income Elasticities and Global Values of a Statistical Life.” [https://law.vanderbilt.edu... | {
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we are back in the benchmark case.] [To ensure that] no default occurs, it is suffi cient to show that π(1 β)(1 γ) x ~~[I]~~ 3 [N] x ~~[B]~~ 4 [=] - γ (γρ (1 π) + πγ π γ) [>][ 0] - - which is always the case for suffi ciently small values of π. 7.3 Catastrophe lending facility As before, for high initial incomes (x x [... | {
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contractors, including adherence to working hours, pay and legally mandated benefits, equal and fair recruitment, and employment, are also probable. To address these concerns, a Labor Management Procedures (LMP) document has been incorporated into the project’s ESMF, which is due by effectiveness. The LMP provides guid... | {
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**African migration to Israel** According to UNHCR, the Middle East and North Africa host a fifth of the world's refugees, excluding the considerable and growing population of Palestinian refugees. [5] Syria and Lebanon, Israel's northern neighbours, host a significant number. Syria is the third largest refugee hosting... | {
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World Bank online screening tool, the GBV/SEA/SH risk was determined as high. Civil works will attract workers and pose SEA/SH risks. weak reporting of these cases is a challenge across most communities. LIPW activities will involve women working and receiving cash under component 2. If partners are not well trained an... | {
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choice is influenced by climate (Mendelsohn & Dinar 2003). Further, there may be sample selection bias if we rely on farms that are observed to use dryland or irrigation. In this paper, we develop a new Ricardian model that examines dryland and irrigated land separately but treats the choice of irrigation as endogenous... | {
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72. **Gender.** The project is aligned the with Gender strategy 2024-2030 and specifically responds to two priority areas of the strategy (i) expand and enable economic opportunities and (ii) advances in women’s participation in decision making [48] _._ Under Component 3, the project will directly increase the particip... | {
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we have constructed the cyclone database to support research on household- and community-level adaptation to cyclone risks. These risks may affect coastal population dynamics in at least two ways. In the long run, the number and size of coastal communities may be affected by the long-run frequency and power of cyclone ... | {
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**The World Bank** Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) **C. Disbursement Arrangements** 56. **To manage the World Bank funding, the project will maintain segregated Designated Accounts (DA) for** **each implementing agency (IA) at the Central Bank, denominated in... | {
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fastgini [15] in STATA). We do this for both the cluster and district level. None of the effects of mining are statistically significant, but they point to increased asset wealth. **Table 9 OLS estimates for wealth and inequality in the DHS individual-level analysis** Wealth Gini wealth cluster district index level lev... | {
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**Table 7: Land values and rental price by ownership status and region** **Region** **Tenure** Total Central Eastern Northern Western _Mailo_ / Customary Freehold **Parcels held under ownership** Self-assessed land value (USD/acre; median) 403.2 430.1 430.1 161.3 536.6 537.6 358.4 Self-assessed land rental (USD/acre; m... | {
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safety nets were key recommendations from the Climate Change Development Report (2024) for Djibouti. 3. **Low human capital further constrains economic and climate resilience and limits opportunities for inclusive** **growth.** Djibouti’s LMIC status contrasts sharply with its poor human capital outcomes (World Bank, H... | {
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services are vital to ensure decent living conditions for some 120,000 people and peaceful coexistence with host communities. **Basic Needs and Livelihoods** With the growing refugee population in Morocco and limited resources, a growing number of refugees are in desperate need of assistance to meet their basic needs. ... | {
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85. **Inclusion and non-discrimination.** E&S documents include specific measures to mitigate the risk of discrimination against or exclusion of any affected individuals or groups in providing or receiving benefits under the project. These measures are described in detail in the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan... | {
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more frequent flooding rains. 42. **Implementation** . This component will be implemented by MINEMA, supported by the Ministry of Environment and the Rwanda Environment Management Authority. As activities will be in the camps, MINEMA will be responsible for long-term management and maintenance. The activities are expec... | {
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specialists with experience with IDRD-financed operations. Given these constraints, the creation of a PIU dedicated to the implementation of the IBRD Project is the preferred option presented by MEP’s Financial Directorate. [29] . The assessment identified key FM actions that should be undertaken by the MEP that includ... | {
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displaced as a result of the 1948 war, and were under the auspices of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), an agency which was established prior to UNHCR. Palestinian refugees and their descendants are now estimated at 4.7 million (UNRWA 2009). _Refugee Survey Quar... | {
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(Bonte) 1998 2003 Akrokeri-Ashanti Canada Konongo 1990 active LionGold Corp. Singapore Kwabeng 1990 1993 Akrokeri-Ashanti Canada Nzema 2011 active Endeavour Canada Obotan 1997 2001 PMI Gold Canada Obuasi 1990 active AngloGold Ashanti South Africa Prestea Sankofa 1990 2001 Anglogold Ashanti South Africa Tarkwa 1990 acti... | {
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**SUMMARY** Previous Ricardian analyses of agriculture have either omitted irrigation or treated irrigation as though it is exogenous. In practice, it is a choice by farmers that is sensitive to climate. This paper develops a choice model of irrigation in the context of a Ricardian model of cropland. We first examine h... | {
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the surveys of women will be the main source of data. However, we also use the surveys of men, which give us data from the same four survey years, but with a total number of 12,294 individuals, of which 7,491 men live within 100 km of a mine. In addition, the DHS data collect records of all children born within the fiv... | {
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normal good, then increased wealth would result in greater insurance demand. [18] Although the BASIX data set does not offer the opportunity to test the direct effects of a cash payment separately from an insurance payout, there are a number of reasons why it is unlikely that wealth or liquidity effects are driving the... | {
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Economics of Disasters and Climate Change Fig. 9 Relative exposure in the Red River Delta for historical 25-year flood (left) and 25-year flood with high climate impacts (right) 2012). For instance, comparing exposure of poor people to average exposure, poor households are 71% more exposed to flooding in the Mithi Rive... | {
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The Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) system will be used for all procurement activities; and g) The World Bank will carry out regular reviews of project-related procurement activities. 17. **Procurement oversight and monitoring arrangements.** The World Bank exercises its procurement oversight thr... | {
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and feedback mechanism will also be established to enable individuals to report concerns or complaints if they feel unfairly treated or adversely impacted by the project. The SEP has been disclosed on the MINEMA and World Bank websites. 88. **To address these E&S risks, the applicable Environmental and Social Standards... | {
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**The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT (d) sustainable land management practices were adopted on 5,110 hectares of land area (target 4,500). A World Bank strategic review of the Uganda WHR-financed portfolio highlighted the substantia... | {
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if people consider insurance as an investment, as in Karni and Safra (1987). One might think that this type of bias would have spillover effects (which I do not observe), but may also be present at the individual level if people believe recent insurance payouts are a sign of individual luck. Another explanation could b... | {
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for all implementing entities, including community-based organizations and seed grants for VRFs, will be described in the FM section of the PIM. The PIM will also include a Community Operations Manual that will detail all steps in the CDD process, including accountability arrangements. 75. **Audit** . The project will ... | {
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just outside our 20 km cutoff distance may also be “treated” by the mine, and the investment phase of the mine that precedes initial production can generate substantial employment. Overall, the effects do not change much except making the cash earnings coefficient larger and more significant. The increase in cash earni... | {
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maps, which have a spatial resolution of 20 m, represent the current conditions for five return periods: 10, 25, 50, 100, and 1000 years. Future conditions, again using the five return periods, include a sea level rise scenario of +30 cm in the year 2050 (consistent with the Blow^ sea level rise used for the maps produ... | {
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Trafficking in Women in Israel. http://www.knesset.gov.il/committees/heb/docs/sachar_final2005.htm. (Hebrew) (Accessed 20.08.2010) MALKKI, L. H. (1995a) _Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology Among Hutu_ _Refugees in Tanzania_ . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ——— (1995b) Refugees and Exile: ... | {
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their accommodation in the coming months should there be need for collective accommodation facilities to create additional space for newcomers. Participants also expressed significant financial strain in covering the costs of their accommodation. While only 4% of respondents (17 households) reside in accommodation prov... | {
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rural development approach.** The region not only hosts a significant migrant population, primarily from Ethiopia, but also grapples with chronic underdevelopment, reflected in high poverty rates, limited access to basic services (including water, sanitation, healthcare, and education), and high levels of unemployment.... | {
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confirms that the coefficient for electricity access is negative using the treatment distance 20 km. However, with a treatment distance of 10 km, the effect is marginally positive and insignificant. If we use a treatment distance of 50 km, we no longer see a significant effect. In panel Ab, the results are replicated u... | {
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regions. However, all regions (particularly AFR and LCR) include countries that have no lending, despite significant environmental problems. **Figure 5.2: World Bank Environmental Lending by Region** **vs. Overall Environmental Problems (Log Scale)** The number of such zero-lending cases suggests that the Bank's intera... | {
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renewable energy, that are now covered by other projects; and (b) government needs support to lead coordination of the development response across multiple operations. The project will have five components. **Component 1: Social and Economic Services and Infrastructure (US$191.5 million equivalent)** 23. **This compone... | {
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**The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT 13. **Refugee-hosting areas such as Obock, Ali Addeh, and Holl Holl, face difficulties in the delivery of key services,** **such as adequate water supply, sanitation, and electricity.** Access to reliable water sources is pa... | {
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their surrounding environment. For example, it is expected that SLR will have its most pronounced effects on brackish and freshwater marshes in the coastal zone through alteration of hydrological regimes (Burkett and Kusler, 2000; Baldwin et al., 2001; Sun et al., 2002). Similarly, sea-level rise may not lead to loss o... | {
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### Protection Risk III **Access to work:** 10% of respondents who are unemployed reported challenges in accessing employment, mainly due to language barriers, a lack of opportunities, as well as a lack of education recognition, caring responsibilities for dependents, or a lack of information. Focus group discussions c... | {
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no significant differences in either of them. 13 Information on crop output was collected at the crop level, separately for the two main agricultural seasons (July - December 2004 and January - June 2005). A diary was used for continuously harvested crops and prices, in addition to standard socio-economic information, ... | {
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assistance in finding new employment and in relation to their legal status. Finally, out of those who do not have a rental contract (6%), the majority of respondents (92% in comparison to 75% in Q1) are in this situation because the unit is rented by another person or entity. This may indicate a prevalence of sublease ... | {
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estimation strategy assumes similar trends over time across the treatment (close to mines) and control group (far away from mines), in absence of the gold mining expansion. While this assumption cannot be tested using our dataset, previous analyses have found evidence for parallel pre-trends in infant mortality and nig... | {
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impact of property rights insecurity arising from overlapping land rights rather than comparing titled and untitled land. We do so for the case of Uganda, a country where overlapping property rights, many of them established a long time ago, are very common. This, together with the ability to rely on a large nationally... | {
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scenario as given, and assess the _exposure_ of the present wetland stock for each of the 76 developing countries and five regions. Second, the digital elevation (90m DEM V2) data we use in our analysis gives altitude in 1-meter increments, preventing us from sub-meter SLR modeling. [13] Third, the lack of resolution o... | {
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Jun. (2020). Coastal Development between Opportunity and Disaster Risk: A Multisectoral Risk Assessment for Vietnam. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9352. World Bank, Washington Bright, E. A., Rose, A. N. & Urban, M. L. _Landscan 2015 High-Resolution Global Population Data Set_ . (Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL... | {
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of Bengal** **3.2 Trend in Maximum Wind Speed, 1877-2016** Maximum wind speed is the consistently-reported measure of storm power in our database. We compute two measures for a trend analysis. First, we order all 525 storms by date and compute the 20-date moving average (MA) for maximum wind speed. This is similar to a... | {
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**The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) **ANNEX 1: Implementation Arrangements** **Financial Management** 1. Financial Management tasks for the proposed project will be handled by the PIU to be created, which will be staffed with a seasoned Financial Management Specialist/budgetary an Accoun... | {
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the radius-buffered storm track polygon at its first coastal intersection. **3. Aggregate Results** **3.1 Trend in Cyclonic Storm Incidence, 1877-2016** Although we focus on the northern coast of the Bay of Bengal, our database includes all recorded tracks for the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. This provides a very lar... | {
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Despite the possible gains in wages for wage earners, we note a decrease in the regionally deflated total household expenditure (column 5), and a decrease in per capita expenditure on food and nonfood items (column 4). The increase in wages but decrease in total expenditure can possibly be explained by rising prices an... | {
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data section for details. 11 The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) projects increased SLR between 0.18m and 0.59m across various emission scenarios over the next 100 years. However, this range has been criticized by many experts as being too conservative and not sufficiently reflective of the large uncertainty pert... | {
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the efficiency of disbursement to communities, address payment delays, and improve the timeliness of financial reporting and accountability; (b) MoF and BoU are strengthening internal control mechanisms around TSA payments to ensure the correct beneficiaries are paid; and (c) MoFPED has set up regional centers for loca... | {
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**2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE** ###### **South Eastern Europe** As of June 2024, some 3,000 refugees and asylum-seekers were present in South Eastern Europe, including 199 unaccompanied and separated children. [5] UNHCR’s [Strategy for engagement in mixed](https://reliefweb.int/report/world/strategy-unhcr-eng... | {
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which calls for systematic mainstreaming of adaptation measures in project design and implementation. Jya Mbere II will also align with the GoR’s National Adaptation Plan of Action (2006), Third National Communications to the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2018 and its Updated Nationally-Determined Contrib... | {
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assessments, which will include (a) participatory focus groups and (b) semi-structured interviews with refugees and former refugees, host community members, farmers, cooperatives, and agribusinesses. Citizen engagement outcomes will be assessed through the indicator “Stakeholder consultations convened, and priority mea... | {
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As part of a regional Protection Profiling and Monitoring exercise, UNHCR collects and analyses on a quarterly basis data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine in Czechia, through individual interviews and focus group discussions with diverse groups. The key findings are highlighted b... | {
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###### **III.2 Country level analysis** The impacts of SLR on coastal wetlands were also estimated for individual countries. Table 2 summarizes our results by presenting the 10 most vulnerable countries. Estimates indicate large effects of SLR on coastal wetlands are much more concentrated in some countries than others... | {
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**The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) in OECD countries, and few students enroll in tracks in high demand in the labor market, such as STEAM and digital skills. [13] Quality TVET could play a pivotal role in developing skills that are directly relevant to the labor market and in creating a... | {
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the increasing influx (Kemp and Kritzman 2008). In the past, Israel has recognised groups of refugees and asylum seekers as a gesture of goodwill. Notable examples of such ̳humanitarian anomalies‘ are the decision to grant refuge to a few hundred Vietnamese boat-people in the end of the 1970s and to admit a group of Mu... | {
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sources and vintages of imagery. To guide the identification of slums, previous work has provided information on the appearance and geographical extent of slums in HCMC. Surveys of poverty in the city find the appearance of slums in HCMC to be characterized as densely built small households and shelters that have predo... | {
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"vague_data": [
{
"text": "Surveys of poverty in the city"
}... |
availability of fresh water and sediment, and the salinity of soil and groundwater (Belperio, 1993; Semeniuk, 1994; Blasco et al., 1996; Alongi, 2008). [8] Even though location-specific studies are needed to define the specific details, experts and scientists agree that adaptation of wetlands to future sea-level rise d... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "GLWD-3 database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
associated with them will lose their services. Wetlands in WMP category 4 are at great risk, but may survive, depending on the effect of flooding behind the coastline. If the flooding is severe enough and persists long enough to seriously disrupt the trapping of the sediment or building upon the peat the sediment creat... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
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University of Kassel, Germany, and the World Wildlife Fund US (WWF-US), Washington DC, USA (Lehner and Döll, 2004). In the generation of the global map of lakes and wetlands from a grid at a spatial resolution of 30 seconds (approximately 1km by 1km at the equator), the GLWD-3 followed the definition of wetlands adopte... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment (DIVA)"
},
{
"text": "GLWD-3"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
US$ per month, [14] significantly below that by non-agriculturalists (45 US$ per month), pure owners are better off than the rest in terms of total land owned (9.5 vs. 3.2 acres for owner-cum-occupants), the value of own land, livestock, and non-land assets (US$ 4,011, 968 and 1733 vs. 1651, 227, and 1252, respectively... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
Chi Minh City In addition to the flood hazard maps developed for this study as described above, we use an additional set of maps produced specifically for HCMC. 2 These uncertainties largely arise from climate models; global climate models (GCMs) struggle to represent the physical processes that produce extreme rainfal... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "flood hazard maps"
},
{
"text": "maps produced specifically for HCMC"
}
],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "river gauge data"
}
]
}
} |
the wealth of the farmers. If farmers become poorer because of bad rainfall, CRRA utility would suggest that they would be even more risk averse the next year as a second shock would cause greater disutility. I start by examining whether there is actual autocorrelation in the rainfall data. To test for autocorrelation,... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "various rainfall indicators"
},
{
"text": "rainfall data"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
between 132 million and 587 million poor people are exposed to flood risks (depending on which poverty definition is used). About 1.2 billion flood-exposed people live in lower- and uppermiddle-income countries. Taking into account the income levels of flood exposed populations is particularly important, as income is a... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Landscan 2015 High-Resolution Global Population Data Set"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
Economics of Disasters and Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-018-0035-4 # Exposure to Floods, Climate Change, and Poverty in Vietnam Mook Bangalore [1,2] & Andrew Smith [3] & Ted Veldkamp [4,5] Received: 16 February 2018 /Accepted: 4 October 2018/ # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract With 70% of its population liv... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "spatially-explicit socioeconomic data on poverty"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
**1. Introduction** Recurrent cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal inflict massive losses on the coastal regions of Bangladesh and India. Extensive research has investigated the incidence, power and impacts of cyclones in Bangladesh (Ali 1999; Dasgupta et al. 2014; Hoque 1992; Khalil 1992), India (Mishra 2014; Srivasta... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "household-level data"
}
]
}
} |
of which will be supported by Jya Mbere II. 9. **Climate change poses risks to Rwanda’s positive economic outlook and refugees are particularly vulnerable** **to climate shocks** . Ranked 112 out of 185 countries in the 2021 Notre Dame-Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN), Rwanda is vulnerable to flooding, heat, drought, ... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "2021 Notre Dame-Global Adaptation Index"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
(GSS). [2] Point coordinates (global positioning system [GPS]) for the surveyed DHS clusters [3] allow us to match all individuals to one or several mineral mines. We do this in two ways. First, we calculate distance spans from an exact mine location given by its GPS coordinates, and match surveyed individuals to mines... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "GLSS"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "surveyed DHS clusters"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
is the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) database, which rates environmental policies and institutions on a numerical scale of 1 (the lowest) to 6. For this exercise, we reverse the scaling (1 becomes the highest) and normalize the ratings so that countries with the greatest problems score... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
26.9 percent in Markazi, and 46 percent in Djibouti-Ville. [10] Livelihood opportunities in refugee villages are scarcer than in the capital, exacerbating food security challenges, and even highly educated refugees struggle to find employment, without a command of French. Refugees’ **access to finance** is limited by t... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Djibouti Education Statistics for Refugees"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
in housing prices (Daniel, Florax, and Rietveld 2009). In Ho Chi Minh City, for instance, qualitative surveys suggest flood-prone areas can be much cheaper than non-flood-prone areas for the same quality of accommodation (World Bank and Australian AID 2014). Using a household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Erman et... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "household survey in Dar es Salaam"
}
],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "household survey"
}
]
}
} |
farming, either for their own production or as hired workers or sharecroppers on host community land. 4 World Bank (2023). _World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies._ Washington, DC: World Bank at p. 208. 5 Poverty rates in refugee-hosting districts during the COVID-19 crisis ranged from 37.7 pe... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
Economics of Disasters and Climate Change and can be identified from the results of this paper. An important constraint is that for such development to be feasible, they should be paired with transportation investments, which maintain access to the city center where opportunities are presented (World Bank 2015). Despit... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
To show the robustness of these results, we have tried three alternative strategies for each of the outcomes. In row 2, we drop the sample that lives 20 to 40 km away, since they might be affected by the mine; in row 3, we drop the sample that was surveyed two years prior to mine opening; in row 4, we add closest mine ... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "DHS data"
}
]
}
} |
Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean South Asia Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean East Asia & the Pacific South Asia Middle East & North Africa Latin America & the Caribbean **Figure 2. Distribution of lost wetlands by types of wetlands across regions, for a 1m SLR** We have a... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "GLWD Coastal Wetlands"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
The second distinctive feature of this exercise is its incorporation of compatible data from different sources. For the period since 1960, we use georeferenced track information on major cyclones striking Bangladesh from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Equivalent information for the Indian coastal regio... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "IBTrACS database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "georeferenced track information on major cyclones striking Bangladesh"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
of forced displacement, covering refugees and host communities. **III.** **PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION** **A.** **Institutional and Implementation Arrangements** 55. **The project will retain the same arrangements as Phase I**, but with enhanced coordination and collaboration mechanisms under OPM’s DoR. OPM will implement D... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
reflect the same rank-order as the lending opportunities in Appendix 1. **9. Interpretation of Results: Ethiopia vs. Nigeria** We provide an illustrative interpretation of our results by comparing the cases of Ethiopia and Nigeria in Table 9.1. Both have been among the Bank’s top borrowers in Sub-Saharan Africa: From 1... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
assumptions of coastal protection, comparison of the prior research with our estimates proved to be difficult. ##### **Conclusion** Coastal wetlands will decline with rising sea level. In this paper, we have quantified the vulnerable freshwater marsh, swamp forest, GLWD Coastal Wetlands, and brackish/saline wetlands ta... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
fuel combustion (CO2), land-use change (CO2) and other sources (methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)). We draw our emissions estimates from the World Resources Institute’s Climate Analysis and Indicators database. [3] Our estimate of poll... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Climate Analysis and Indicators database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "the supporting database"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
**The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) days after the end of each semester. The IFRs will contain: a statement of sources and uses of funds (with expenditures classified by category of expenditures, source of funds) and cash balance; a statement of budget execution per component and subcomp... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
age migrant married cohabiting divorced fertility woman partner active*mine 0.263 0.028 0.025 0.018 -0.003 0.030 -0.036 -0.003 (0.510) (0.042) (0.027) (0.029) (0.017) (0.115) (0.031) (0.030) _Note:_ Robust standard errors clustered at the DHS cluster level in parentheses. All regressions control for year and district f... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "DHS data"
}
]
}
} |
future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise. _Science_, 311,1747-1750. Pfeffer, W. T., Harper, J.T., and S. O’Neel. 2008: Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise. _Science_, 321, 1340-1343. Rahmsdorf, S. 2007. A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise.... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "global coastal database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
to implement the selected subprojects, together with capacity-building measures. 32. **The Phase II design responds to lessons learned from Phase I as follows** : (a) some activities, such as drip irrigation systems and fish ponds, are too technically complex for communities to manage, so they will be dropped; (b) due ... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
large-scale operations may be geographically correlated. Assuming that the start of a large scale mine does not affect the likelihood or viability of artisanal and small-scale mining, it is not a threat to our identifying assumptions. However, should ASM respond to large-scale activities, either by increasing or decrea... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "survey data from the DHS and GLSS"
},
{
"text": "dataset from InterraRMG"
}
],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
weather station in this .75°×.75° grid, the observation is given a weight of 1.5. If there is a rainfall station within the .25°×.25°grid, the observation is given a weight of 2. The weighted results do not differ significantly from the unweighted results. 12 Note that while it is reasonable to think that village-speci... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "2005 Indian census"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
analyses to improve their capacity to develop climateresilient business plans. Component 3 will also expand adaptation capacity by improving drainage and water harvesting to better manage flooding and landslide risks. It will also enhance septage management to reduce the risk of soil contamination and associated health... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
Policy Research Working Paper 8316 ### **Abstract** Recurrent cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal inflict mas sive losses on the coastal regions of Bangladesh and India. Information on occurrences and severities of cyclones is necessary for understanding household and community responses to cyclone risks. This paper c... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
{
"text": "georeferenced panel database"
}
],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "georeferenced panel database"
}
]
}
} |
Japan (HIC) India (LMIC) Germany (HIC) Netherlands (HIC) Vietnam (LMIC) Indonesia (UMIC) Thailand (UMIC) Pakistan (LMIC) South Korea (HIC) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 USD millions _Figure 13. Top 10 countries: Economic value at risk, computed as exposure headcount multiplied by_ _subnational income per capita. Note: no s... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": [
{
"text": "subnational income data"
}
]
}
} |
quarter confirm that 38% of those having to leave their accommodation was on account of the accommodation closing, compared to only 22% in the last quarter of 2023. ## 39% Consider accommodation an urgent need facilities across seven regions [1] highlighted the challenges in accessing sustainable and affordable housing... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
retreat and for coastal wetlands ecosystems to move (or migrate) inland as the coastline is receding. Attempts have also been made to estimate the economic loss, which may be associated with adversely impacted wetlands. Our estimates indicate that a 1 m rise in sea level would lead to a loss of present coastal wetland ... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
{
"text": "Global Lakes and Wetlands (GLWD-3) database"
}
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
0.127 0.186 0.162 0.154 Organization done by village leaders 0.264 0.237 0.276 0.222 0.165 0.261 0.285 Organization done by village representatives 0.059 0.059 0.053 0.089 0.064 0.061 0.053 Organization done by village assembly 0.121 0.112 0.138 0.111 0.119 0.130 0.132 Organization done by village econ. organizations 0... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
}
} |
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