Datasets:

aieng-lab
/

en-pronouns

masked stringlengths 23 224	split stringclasses 1 value	label_class stringclasses 5 values	label stringclasses 17 values	feature_class_id stringclasses 5 values
I was in it and around it. But certainly [MASK] had no corporeal existence."	train	1SG	I	1SG
"He's been dealing with some injuries since he came out of Notre Dame. [MASK] think he felt like it was time to move on."	train	1SG	I	1SG
And when we've gone and won the league [MASK]'m sure you'll understand,	train	1SG	I	1SG
In the last decades of the 9th century, the Somavamshis ruled over present-day Kosala. Janamejaya [MASK] expanded his domain south and east, and defeated the Kalachuris.	train	1SG	I	1SG
She said, "I've gone back to Ramsay Street; [MASK]'m doing a little bit on Neighbours at the moment, which is wonderful. [MASK]'m enjoying it a lot, actually."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Toho's Chief Godzilla officer Keiji Ota stated that "[MASK] am truly honored that (the megamullion) bears Godzilla's name, the Earth's most powerful monster."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Roberts was later quoted as saying, “[MASK] had everyone covered in ’78 but Pat Hennen.”	train	1SG	I	1SG
Somebody compared the song to the story of Don Giovanni which [MASK] was not familiar with. It was kind of wonderful that they came up with that.	train	1SG	I	1SG
He was the son of Duke Sergius [MASK] and the greatest independent ruler of Amalfi, which he controlled for nearly half a century.	train	1SG	I	1SG
I'm just a little white boy from Detroit. [MASK] had never seen stars let alone Dr. Dre."	train	1SG	I	1SG
They had reprised their role in Honey, [MASK] Shrunk the Audience, but Bug Hall replaced them in the part.	train	1SG	I	1SG
and I just hung there. [MASK] just hung limp.	train	1SG	I	1SG
\| Um, I'm just trying to get a sense of where [MASK] am and what's going on."	train	1SG	I	1SG
A History of Posture (Reaktion Press, London) and the edited volume Jews on the Move: Modern Cosmopolitanist Thought and Its Others were both published in 2018. [MASK] Know Who Caused COVID-19:	train	1SG	I	1SG
The journal has been in continuous publication since 1892. Volume [MASK] contained articles by William James and John Dewey.	train	1SG	I	1SG
New Jersey District Factor Group [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
"But I Know It When [MASK] See It" – 6:37	train	1SG	I	1SG
The Third Annual LGBT Pride Parade in Kaohsiung was held on 22 September 2012 under the theme " [MASK] am gay and your companion" with over 3,000 participants.	train	1SG	I	1SG
The Ziggy Stardust version appeared on the B-side of the single "John, [MASK]'m Only Dancing" in .	train	1SG	I	1SG
The girls' tennis team won the 2007 North I, Group [MASK] state sectional championship with a 4-1 win over New Milford High School. The win was the team's first ever state sectional title.	train	1SG	I	1SG
This belief is often cited as the etymological source of the term gyp, meaning to "cheat", as in "[MASK] got gypped by a con man."	train	1SG	I	1SG
As she took her dancers' reins, she performed a mashup of "Future Lovers" and Donna Summer's "[MASK] Feel Love" (1977). The second number, "Get Together", saw Madonna writhing on the main catwalk.	train	1SG	I	1SG
As noted by Noel Clarke on the commentary, Mickey phones Rose and says "[MASK]'m coming to get you!", which echoes the Ninth Doctor's words to her at the climax of "Bad Wolf".	train	1SG	I	1SG
If some misidentified me at the time, [MASK] am not aware of it." Subsequently, sources disagreed as to the nature or existence of Khalidi's official relationship with the organization.	train	1SG	I	1SG
In 2008, Friedkin recalled, "Minsky's was way over my head. [MASK] didn't have a clue what to do.	train	1SG	I	1SG
The title comes from Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl", section 3: "[MASK]'m with you in Rockland / where you scream in a straight jacket that you're losing the game of the actual ping pong of the abyss."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Lévinas' account of the face-to-face encounter bears many similarities to Martin Buber's "[MASK] and Thou" relation. Its influence is also particularly pronounced in Jacques Derrida's ethical writings.	train	1SG	I	1SG
It was implemented in two phases. Phase [MASK] began in 1995, and limited sulfur dioxide emissions from 110 of the largest power plants to a combined total of 8.7 million tons of sulfur dioxide.	train	1SG	I	1SG
As of 2013 it is still operated during the summer and a few other occasions by Linab [MASK] Norsjö AB.	train	1SG	i	1SG
This will increase the time limit, as well as providing a little humorous conversation, such as "Could you look at my TV?" - "[MASK] meant mend it, not watch it".	train	1SG	I	1SG
The church was declared a Grade [MASK] listed building in 1966. Currently the Church accepts monetary donations for its maintenance and preservation.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Brunello Mantelli, Camerati del lavoro. [MASK] lavoratori emigrati nel	train	1SG	I	1SG
Monumenta historica Slavorum meriodionalium by Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, Društvo za Jugoslavensku povjest [MASK] starine, Brzotiskom narodne tiskarnice dra. Ljudevita Gaja	train	1SG	i	1SG
– I am/was eating; Ich bin/war das Auto reparierend. – [MASK] am/was fixing the car.	train	1SG	I	1SG
In parallel, the Russian government pursued the policy of colonization. On 26 June 1812, Tsar Alexander [MASK] promulgated the Special Colonization Status of Bessarabia.	train	1SG	I	1SG
It was so heartening. Why would [MASK] want to be heroine when [MASK] was getting the stronger parts as the sister?"	train	1SG	I	1SG
Gorchymyn Tai (Hawl i Gaffael a Hawl [MASK] Brynu) (Ardaloedd Gwledig Dynodedig a Rhanbarthau Dynodedig) (Cymru) 2003 (S.I. 2003 Rhif 54 (Cy.5))	train	1SG	i	1SG
I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. [MASK] am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as [MASK] drove past.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Her role as a spiritual and intellectual superiority is depicted in several narratives. In a Sufi narrative, Sufi leader Hasan al-Basri explained, "[MASK] passed one whole night and day with Rabi'a ...	train	1SG	I	1SG
Diamond returned some time later as a solo artist and scored a UK No. 1 single in November 1984 with "[MASK] Should Have Known Better". Hymas appeared on Diamond's self-titled 1988 album Jim Diamond.	train	1SG	I	1SG
The IIHF World Championship Division [MASK] is an annual sports event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The divisional championship is played in two groups.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Whitaker: "I said: 'I'll photograph inside every hole [MASK] can find'. [MASK] started by photographing his ears, then inside his mouth and up his nose."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Infiltrate their encampment and bring me news of what's happening,' he instructed. [MASK] set out.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Thanks to it I achieved results in athletic tests that [MASK] last run in junior categories," she said before the Olympics. But her preparations were not in the best conditions.	train	1SG	I	1SG
The brick tower, of Italianate design, was constructed in 1867 to replace an earlier open metal lattice structure. It is a Grade [MASK] listed building.	train	1SG	I	1SG
You practice greed, avarice and great falsehood, and you carry such a heavy burden. O body, [MASK] have seen you blowing away like dust on the earth.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Tom Malcom for Info said "Sleeping Gods Lie could have used some more polish, but it's one of the most unusual and playable adventures [MASK]'ve been on in a long time."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Rudradāman I was instrumental in the decline of the Sātavāhana Empire. Rudradāman [MASK] took up the title of Maha-kshtrapa ("Great Satrap"), after he became the king and then strengthened his kingdom.	train	1SG	I	1SG
A tag scene shows another of Phoebe's past life memories as she serves in a World War [MASK] field hospital in 1915 and again loses an arm.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Canadian military personnel of World War [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
Prince Sultan Muhammad, governor of Derbent under Shirvanshah Keykubad [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
Achieng's day began at 5.30 a.m. with 15 km of road work, then at 8.30 am she resumed her normal gym training till midday. "[MASK] enjoy boxing in the company of male boxers", said Achieng.	train	1SG	I	1SG
She would stay 10 paces behind. [MASK] still get recognised from EastEnders.	train	1SG	I	1SG
All this old and bad shit. [MASK]’d rather see something old and good.”	train	1SG	I	1SG
He wouldn't say it that way; he'd say it this way." And [MASK] gave them a very free on all that."	train	1SG	I	1SG
[s]o I checked it out with Sean, because [MASK] didn't want him to have a problem with it. He said, "Well, it'll be weird hearing a dead guy on lead vocal.	train	1SG	I	1SG
For example: Ich bin am Essen. – [MASK] am eating; Ich bin das Auto am Reparieren.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Some of the bands that played are Candlebox, Creed, Faith No More, Goldfinger, [MASK] Mother Earth, Naked, and Sugarspoon.	train	1SG	I	1SG
His next single "What Will [MASK] Do", made it to #96 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.	train	1SG	I	1SG
One of their songs is on How [MASK] Met Your Music (Deluxe).	train	1SG	I	1SG
Michael Alfonso – Rapist and murderer, featured on America's Most Wanted, [MASK] (Almost) Got Away with It and Unsolved Mysteries when he was listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Roslin mourns Billy, whom she described as "the closest thing [MASK] have to family left". Dee awaits Lee's recovery in Galacticas sickbay as Starbuck looks on.	train	1SG	I	1SG
When the doors to our cattle car opened, [MASK] heard SS soldiers yelling, "Schnell! Schnell!"	train	1SG	I	1SG
Avril Lavigne with The Matrix – "Complicated", "[MASK]'m with You", "Sk8er Boi"	train	1SG	I	1SG
Bingo Gazingo recorded for GRANDGOOD in May 2003 in Centerport, Long Island. Versions of 'Everyday [MASK] Leave $10 On The Table', 'J-Lo', and 'OK Corral' were recorded.	train	1SG	I	1SG
The Alma Mater was written during the school's first year by the band director, Jim Leonard. The tune is a World War [MASK] song, "Long, Long Trail Awinding."	train	1SG	I	1SG
Great War (2015), first source book for World War [MASK] battles of 1918. Models were released in 2014, 100 years after the beginning of World War I.	train	1SG	I	1SG
But I am securely fastened now by my well-hidden rope... [MASK] suppose [MASK] shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard!"	train	1SG	I	1SG
Before he dies, Iullus tells Julia, "[MASK] did it for you."	train	1SG	I	1SG
It belonged to his uncle, Count Louis Günther [MASK] of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and Emilie was born there.	train	1SG	I	1SG
This movie was released under the title [MASK] Was a Teenage Vampire in Australia.	train	1SG	I	1SG
"It seems to me that you don't want to join the leaders in Peshawar nor stop your threat, and you are planning to enter Kabul ... in that case [MASK] must defend the people.	train	1SG	I	1SG
In 2013, the Tigers ranked 25th among Division [MASK] baseball programs in attendance, averaging 2,657 per home game.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Now that really brought the house down and imagine the director's surprise. High school – [MASK] was a theatre geek with a minor in field hockey.	train	1SG	I	1SG
His season was stalled in May when he contracted Valley Fever and lost approximately 35 pounds during the illness (per his interview on Chronicle Live 6/21/10). "[MASK]'m tired.	train	1SG	I	1SG
In rarer cases, the word is replaced entirely (Deuteronomy 28:27, 30; Samuel [MASK] 5:6) for reasons of tohorat halashon, "purity of language." This type of qere is noted in a printed Hebrew Bible.	train	1SG	I	1SG
No. 6 - Ninette and La Fontaine - "When a maid applies for a part in a company such as mine, and has no particular line, [MASK] always consider my Art..."	train	1SG	I	1SG
"In the Bathroom Is Where [MASK] Want You" – 3:35	train	1SG	I	1SG
Fico also attacked the media sources that published information about the recording, saying "Should [MASK] go over there and give you a smack because you are scoundrels? What you are doing is unheard of.	train	1SG	I	1SG
and I think it's wrong ... [MASK] think [Lentz] is a victim of his own church.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Other sources bring Barnabas to Rome and Alexandria. In the "Clementine Recognitions" ([MASK], 7) he is depicted as preaching in Rome even during Christ's lifetime.	train	1SG	i	1SG
Do you suppose it's possible that [MASK] could have a miscarriage after such a period of gestation? ... But Larry, [MASK] can never go back on what [MASK]'ve written.	train	1SG	I	1SG
On 5 June 2005, Tsouli wrote "[MASK] am still the terrorist 007, one of the most wanted terrorists on the internet. [MASK] have the Feds and the CIA, both would love to catch me, [MASK] have MI6 on my back".	train	1SG	I	1SG
that in most cases is used: wičháša hemáčha/heníčha/héčha ([MASK] am/you are/he is a man).	train	1SG	I	1SG
Regiments of the British Army in World War [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
Ich gebe das Geld meinem Vater ("[MASK] give the money to my father")	train	1SG	I	1SG
Radio presenter James Daniels concurred, saying "Leona just takes it to a whole new level, which is a phrase [MASK] hate to use – but it's true".	train	1SG	I	1SG
And he's talkin' about burnin', but [MASK]'m so damned cold	train	1SG	I	1SG
Usher – "Caught Up", "Superstar", "Follow Me", "Here [MASK] Stand", "Love You Gently", "Hush"	train	1SG	I	1SG
Rheoliadau Tai (Cadw'r Hawl [MASK] Brynu) (Diwygio) (Cymru) 2001 (S.I. 2001 Rhif 1301 (Cy. 78))	train	1SG	i	1SG
From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, [MASK] and J.	train	1SG	I	1SG
SG Wannabe by SG Wannabe 7 Part. [MASK] (2010)	train	1SG	I	1SG
Burrows entered late into the 2006 series of [MASK]'m a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! on day seven.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Peterson had not surfed since the mid-1980s, but revealed to Doherty: "[MASK] haven't given it away! Who told you that?	train	1SG	I	1SG
United States Army personnel of World War [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
Curling was discontinued during World War [MASK] to make way for the armed forces. The Club re-organized in 1931 at the Pacific National Exhibition's Forum.	train	1SG	I	1SG
When she calls his name, he asks, "[MASK] know you?" at which point she states, "[MASK] was pregnant," shoots him three times in the chest and then proceeds to shoot him three times again in the head.	train	1SG	I	1SG
Ottoman Empire in World War [MASK]	train	1SG	I	1SG
I wrote Run soon after on this little guitar [MASK]'d tried to smash up in my shitty little room near Hillhead. The words 'Light up, light up' gave me this sense of a beacon."	train	1SG	I	1SG

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Masked English Pronoun Data

This dataset consists of masked English Wikipedia sentence windows where the masked word is an English pronoun.

See de-gender-case-articles, GENTER, GRADIEND Race Data, and GRADIEND Religion Data for similar AI Engineering Lab datasets.

See https://huggingface.co/datasets/aieng-lab/en-pronoun-neutral for a neutral version of this dataset.

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("aieng-lab/en-pronouns", split="train")

masked = ds["masked"]
label = ds["label"]
label_class = ds["label_class"]

split can be either train, validation, or test.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

This dataset is generated from English Wikipedia and contains five pronoun classes:

1SG: I
1PL: we
2SGPL: you
3SG: he, she, it
3PL: they

Each row contains one masked context and the factual pronoun observed in the source text. The dataset is intended for masked language modeling experiments and GRADIEND feature-learning workflows over English pronoun classes.

Dataset Structure

masked: the sentence window with the pronoun replaced by [MASK]
split: the data split (train, validation, or test)
label_class: the pronoun class id
label: the observed pronoun token
feature_class_id: the GRADIEND feature class id, equal to label_class

Dataset Sources

Repository: https://github.com/aieng-lab/gradiend
Original Data: wikimedia/wikipedia, config 20231101.en

Dataset Creation

The data is generated with gradiend.examples.create_english_pronoun_data. Generation streams the full English Wikipedia split, uses non-overlapping two-sentence windows, keeps windows between 20 and 200 characters, requires at least five words of left context before the target pronoun, and collects up to 10,000 examples per pronoun class.

The resulting data contains 50,000 rows: 10,000 rows per class, split into 80% train, 10% validation, and 10% test per class.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

The examples are derived from Wikipedia and therefore reflect Wikipedia's topic distribution, writing style, and coverage biases. The labels are pronoun tokens observed in text; they should not be interpreted as annotations of a person, identity, or referent outside the local language-modeling context.

Citation

BibTeX:

@misc{drechsel2026gradiendpythonpackageendtoend,
      title={The {GRADIEND} Python Package: An End-to-End System for Gradient-Based Feature Learning}, 
      author={Jonathan Drechsel and Steffen Herbold},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2602.23993},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23993}, 
}

Dataset Card Authors

jdrechsel

Downloads last month: 49

Paper for aieng-lab/en-pronouns

The GRADIEND Python Package: An End-to-End System for Gradient-Based Feature Learning

Paper • 2602.23993 • Published 26 days ago