Datasets:
masked large_stringlengths 14 30 | label large_stringclasses 26
values | label_class large_stringclasses 1
value | alternative large_stringclasses 26
values | alternative_class large_stringclasses 1
value | unit_len int64 3 3 | repeats int64 1 1 | noise_n int64 0 0 | difficulty large_stringclasses 1
value | split large_stringclasses 1
value | feature_class_id large_stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
j pear green j [MASK] | pear | MATCH | rock | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e n j e [MASK] | n | MATCH | pear | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
sand right u sand [MASK] | right | MATCH | sand | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
right g green right [MASK] | g | MATCH | right | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
pear right sand pear [MASK] | right | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
i t d i [MASK] | t | MATCH | i | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e pear q e [MASK] | pear | MATCH | e | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
p pear t p [MASK] | pear | MATCH | t | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
t q s t [MASK] | q | MATCH | s | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
u green w u [MASK] | green | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
pear p f pear [MASK] | p | MATCH | d | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple t m apple [MASK] | t | MATCH | g | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two e w two [MASK] | e | MATCH | rose | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
p c u p [MASK] | c | MATCH | rock | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple s j apple [MASK] | s | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
m green n m [MASK] | green | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two rose f two [MASK] | rose | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
green rose red green [MASK] | rose | MATCH | n | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
m t green m [MASK] | t | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
g white u g [MASK] | white | MATCH | i | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
pear j two pear [MASK] | j | MATCH | pear | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
p apple n p [MASK] | apple | MATCH | n | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
u m p u [MASK] | m | MATCH | p | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
m red e m [MASK] | red | MATCH | d | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
rock q green rock [MASK] | q | MATCH | u | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple j d apple [MASK] | j | MATCH | n | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e p f e [MASK] | p | MATCH | right | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e red t e [MASK] | red | MATCH | apple | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
n white apple n [MASK] | white | MATCH | rose | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
t rock c t [MASK] | rock | MATCH | pear | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
red y right red [MASK] | y | MATCH | sand | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
g s red g [MASK] | s | MATCH | white | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
white sand pear white [MASK] | sand | MATCH | apple | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
f g m f [MASK] | g | MATCH | m | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e j p e [MASK] | j | MATCH | d | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
n rose y n [MASK] | rose | MATCH | j | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
d pear apple d [MASK] | pear | MATCH | white | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two sand j two [MASK] | sand | MATCH | rose | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
s q pear s [MASK] | q | MATCH | pear | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
rose y u rose [MASK] | y | MATCH | m | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
y apple p y [MASK] | apple | MATCH | rose | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple n j apple [MASK] | n | MATCH | s | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
right w c right [MASK] | w | MATCH | c | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
q two e q [MASK] | two | MATCH | c | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
rock sand green rock [MASK] | sand | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e rock p e [MASK] | rock | MATCH | rose | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
f s w f [MASK] | s | MATCH | i | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
d y green d [MASK] | y | MATCH | green | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
q t apple q [MASK] | t | MATCH | q | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
w u right w [MASK] | u | MATCH | t | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple right rock apple [MASK] | right | MATCH | u | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
n w apple n [MASK] | w | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e y red e [MASK] | y | MATCH | n | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
c n rock c [MASK] | n | MATCH | c | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
i white y i [MASK] | white | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
right q f right [MASK] | q | MATCH | e | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
n y apple n [MASK] | y | MATCH | s | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
j u red j [MASK] | u | MATCH | j | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two i e two [MASK] | i | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
s sand m s [MASK] | sand | MATCH | m | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
i t g i [MASK] | t | MATCH | c | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
green two e green [MASK] | two | MATCH | green | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
f d u f [MASK] | d | MATCH | sand | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
g m f g [MASK] | m | MATCH | g | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
s g q s [MASK] | g | MATCH | y | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
y s e y [MASK] | s | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
m white e m [MASK] | white | MATCH | j | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple i rose apple [MASK] | i | MATCH | t | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
sand t f sand [MASK] | t | MATCH | y | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
p rock u p [MASK] | rock | MATCH | t | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
red right green red [MASK] | right | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
green d w green [MASK] | d | MATCH | green | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple q pear apple [MASK] | q | MATCH | pear | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple rose p apple [MASK] | rose | MATCH | p | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
n green s n [MASK] | green | MATCH | w | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
i pear g i [MASK] | pear | MATCH | white | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
f s j f [MASK] | s | MATCH | f | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two j m two [MASK] | j | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two y j two [MASK] | y | MATCH | g | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
pear d w pear [MASK] | d | MATCH | white | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
d two q d [MASK] | two | MATCH | d | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e green n e [MASK] | green | MATCH | y | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e q two e [MASK] | q | MATCH | e | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
u p e u [MASK] | p | MATCH | u | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
red d two red [MASK] | d | MATCH | g | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
pear apple rose pear [MASK] | apple | MATCH | s | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
c two rock c [MASK] | two | MATCH | q | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two y red two [MASK] | y | MATCH | red | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
g j p g [MASK] | j | MATCH | p | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
s g n s [MASK] | g | MATCH | red | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e c t e [MASK] | c | MATCH | u | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
rock p two rock [MASK] | p | MATCH | y | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
m two apple m [MASK] | two | MATCH | m | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
e p n e [MASK] | p | MATCH | f | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
two j w two [MASK] | j | MATCH | two | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
right f c right [MASK] | f | MATCH | c | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
sand j d sand [MASK] | j | MATCH | green | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
f white w f [MASK] | white | MATCH | f | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
w rock red w [MASK] | rock | MATCH | red | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
apple f d apple [MASK] | f | MATCH | q | DISTRACTOR | 3 | 1 | 0 | easy | train | MATCH |
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GRADIEND Induction Data
Synthetic induction (sequence-completion) cloze data used in the GRADIEND/ACTIEND/SAE/CAA comparison (aieng-lab/iend-study).
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("aieng-lab/gradiend-induction", "default", split="train")
Splits: train, validation, test.
Dataset Details
Dataset Description
A repeated three-token unit is followed by its first token as query prefix; the model must predict the second token of the unit, e.g. j pear green j pear green j [MASK] (target pear). The factual class is MATCH.
Dataset Structure
Configs default (easy), medium, and hard; each has all splits (8,000 / 1,000 / 1,000 rows).
masked: the input text with a single[MASK]slot to be predictedlabel: the factual target token(s) for the slotlabel_class: class of the factual targetalternative: the alternative (counterfactual) target for the slotalternative_class: class of the alternative targetfeature_class_id: identifier of the feature class (equal tolabel_class)split:train,validation, ortestdifficulty: difficulty level of the row
default = easy (three-token unit, one repeat, canonical format). medium adds a second repeat, noise tokens, and format variation; hard uses longer units (4--5 tokens), up to three repeats, more noise, and an unrestricted (not single-token) vocabulary.
Dataset Sources
- Repository: https://github.com/aieng-lab/iend-study
- Generated with
study.data.syntheticin the repository above; no external data.
Dataset Creation
Tokens come from a manually curated 50-token vocabulary (26 lowercase Latin letters and 24 tokenizer-verified short words), partitioned into disjoint train/validation/test pools of 26, 12, and 12 tokens. The alternative is sampled either from another token in the unit or from three additional tokens outside the unit. Duplicate masked contexts are removed.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Fully synthetic and templated; it probes one narrow symbolic mechanism, not general reasoning, and results need not transfer to natural text. Value/token vocabularies are small and hand-curated.
Citation
BibTeX: TODO
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