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#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Errors for the library. All exceptions defined by the library should be defined in this file. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' from anyjson import simplejson class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class HttpError(Error): """HTTP data was invalid or unexpected.""" def __init__(self, resp, content, uri=None): self.resp = resp self.content = content self.uri = uri def _get_reason(self): """Calculate the reason for the error from the response content.""" if self.resp.get('content-type', '').startswith('application/json'): try: data = simplejson.loads(self.content) reason = data['error']['message'] except (ValueError, KeyError): reason = self.content else: reason = self.resp.reason return reason def __repr__(self): if self.uri: return '<HttpError %s when requesting %s returned "%s">' % ( self.resp.status, self.uri, self._get_reason()) else: return '<HttpError %s "%s">' % (self.resp.status, self._get_reason()) __str__ = __repr__ class InvalidJsonError(Error): """The JSON returned could not be parsed.""" pass class UnknownLinkType(Error): """Link type unknown or unexpected.""" pass class UnknownApiNameOrVersion(Error): """No API with that name and version exists.""" pass class UnacceptableMimeTypeError(Error): """That is an unacceptable mimetype for this operation.""" pass class MediaUploadSizeError(Error): """Media is larger than the method can accept.""" pass class ResumableUploadError(Error): """Error occured during resumable upload.""" pass class BatchError(Error): """Error occured during batch operations.""" pass class UnexpectedMethodError(Error): """Exception raised by RequestMockBuilder on unexpected calls.""" def __init__(self, methodId=None): """Constructor for an UnexpectedMethodError.""" super(UnexpectedMethodError, self).__init__( 'Received unexpected call %s' % methodId) class UnexpectedBodyError(Error): """Exception raised by RequestMockBuilder on unexpected bodies.""" def __init__(self, expected, provided): """Constructor for an UnexpectedMethodError.""" super(UnexpectedBodyError, self).__init__( 'Expected: [%s] - Provided: [%s]' % (expected, provided))
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Schema processing for discovery based APIs Schemas holds an APIs discovery schemas. It can return those schema as deserialized JSON objects, or pretty print them as prototype objects that conform to the schema. For example, given the schema: schema = \"\"\"{ "Foo": { "type": "object", "properties": { "etag": { "type": "string", "description": "ETag of the collection." }, "kind": { "type": "string", "description": "Type of the collection ('calendar#acl').", "default": "calendar#acl" }, "nextPageToken": { "type": "string", "description": "Token used to access the next page of this result. Omitted if no further results are available." } } } }\"\"\" s = Schemas(schema) print s.prettyPrintByName('Foo') Produces the following output: { "nextPageToken": "A String", # Token used to access the # next page of this result. Omitted if no further results are available. "kind": "A String", # Type of the collection ('calendar#acl'). "etag": "A String", # ETag of the collection. }, The constructor takes a discovery document in which to look up named schema. """ # TODO(jcgregorio) support format, enum, minimum, maximum __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import copy from apiclient.anyjson import simplejson class Schemas(object): """Schemas for an API.""" def __init__(self, discovery): """Constructor. Args: discovery: object, Deserialized discovery document from which we pull out the named schema. """ self.schemas = discovery.get('schemas', {}) # Cache of pretty printed schemas. self.pretty = {} def _prettyPrintByName(self, name, seen=None, dent=0): """Get pretty printed object prototype from the schema name. Args: name: string, Name of schema in the discovery document. seen: list of string, Names of schema already seen. Used to handle recursive definitions. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ if seen is None: seen = [] if name in seen: # Do not fall into an infinite loop over recursive definitions. return '# Object with schema name: %s' % name seen.append(name) if name not in self.pretty: self.pretty[name] = _SchemaToStruct(self.schemas[name], seen, dent).to_str(self._prettyPrintByName) seen.pop() return self.pretty[name] def prettyPrintByName(self, name): """Get pretty printed object prototype from the schema name. Args: name: string, Name of schema in the discovery document. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ # Return with trailing comma and newline removed. return self._prettyPrintByName(name, seen=[], dent=1)[:-2] def _prettyPrintSchema(self, schema, seen=None, dent=0): """Get pretty printed object prototype of schema. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. seen: list of string, Names of schema already seen. Used to handle recursive definitions. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ if seen is None: seen = [] return _SchemaToStruct(schema, seen, dent).to_str(self._prettyPrintByName) def prettyPrintSchema(self, schema): """Get pretty printed object prototype of schema. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ # Return with trailing comma and newline removed. return self._prettyPrintSchema(schema, dent=1)[:-2] def get(self, name): """Get deserialized JSON schema from the schema name. Args: name: string, Schema name. """ return self.schemas[name] class _SchemaToStruct(object): """Convert schema to a prototype object.""" def __init__(self, schema, seen, dent=0): """Constructor. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. seen: list, List of names of schema already seen while parsing. Used to handle recursive definitions. dent: int, Initial indentation depth. """ # The result of this parsing kept as list of strings. self.value = [] # The final value of the parsing. self.string = None # The parsed JSON schema. self.schema = schema # Indentation level. self.dent = dent # Method that when called returns a prototype object for the schema with # the given name. self.from_cache = None # List of names of schema already seen while parsing. self.seen = seen def emit(self, text): """Add text as a line to the output. Args: text: string, Text to output. """ self.value.extend([" " * self.dent, text, '\n']) def emitBegin(self, text): """Add text to the output, but with no line terminator. Args: text: string, Text to output. """ self.value.extend([" " * self.dent, text]) def emitEnd(self, text, comment): """Add text and comment to the output with line terminator. Args: text: string, Text to output. comment: string, Python comment. """ if comment: divider = '\n' + ' ' * (self.dent + 2) + '# ' lines = comment.splitlines() lines = [x.rstrip() for x in lines] comment = divider.join(lines) self.value.extend([text, ' # ', comment, '\n']) else: self.value.extend([text, '\n']) def indent(self): """Increase indentation level.""" self.dent += 1 def undent(self): """Decrease indentation level.""" self.dent -= 1 def _to_str_impl(self, schema): """Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema file. Returns: Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. """ stype = schema.get('type') if stype == 'object': self.emitEnd('{', schema.get('description', '')) self.indent() for pname, pschema in schema.get('properties', {}).iteritems(): self.emitBegin('"%s": ' % pname) self._to_str_impl(pschema) self.undent() self.emit('},') elif '$ref' in schema: schemaName = schema['$ref'] description = schema.get('description', '') s = self.from_cache(schemaName, self.seen) parts = s.splitlines() self.emitEnd(parts[0], description) for line in parts[1:]: self.emit(line.rstrip()) elif stype == 'boolean': value = schema.get('default', 'True or False') self.emitEnd('%s,' % str(value), schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'string': value = schema.get('default', 'A String') self.emitEnd('"%s",' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'integer': value = schema.get('default', 42) self.emitEnd('%d,' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'number': value = schema.get('default', 3.14) self.emitEnd('%f,' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'null': self.emitEnd('None,', schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'any': self.emitEnd('"",', schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'array': self.emitEnd('[', schema.get('description')) self.indent() self.emitBegin('') self._to_str_impl(schema['items']) self.undent() self.emit('],') else: self.emit('Unknown type! %s' % stype) self.emitEnd('', '') self.string = ''.join(self.value) return self.string def to_str(self, from_cache): """Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. Args: from_cache: callable(name, seen), Callable that retrieves an object prototype for a schema with the given name. Seen is a list of schema names already seen as we recursively descend the schema definition. Returns: Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. The lines of the code will all be properly indented. """ self.from_cache = from_cache return self._to_str_impl(self.schema)
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utility module to import a JSON module Hides all the messy details of exactly where we get a simplejson module from. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson
Python
# Early, and incomplete implementation of -04. # import re import urllib RESERVED = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;=" OPERATOR = "+./;?|!@" EXPLODE = "*+" MODIFIER = ":^" TEMPLATE = re.compile(r"{(?P<operator>[\+\./;\?|!@])?(?P<varlist>[^}]+)}", re.UNICODE) VAR = re.compile(r"^(?P<varname>[^=\+\*:\^]+)((?P<explode>[\+\*])|(?P<partial>[:\^]-?[0-9]+))?(=(?P<default>.*))?$", re.UNICODE) def _tostring(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): if type(value) == type([]): if explode == "+": return ",".join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) if type(value) == type({}): keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return ",".join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return urllib.quote(value, safe) def _tostring_path(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): joiner = operator if type(value) == type([]): if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif type(value) == type({}): keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + joiner + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + joiner + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: if value: return urllib.quote(value, safe) else: return "" def _tostring_query(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): joiner = operator varprefix = "" if operator == "?": joiner = "&" varprefix = varname + "=" if type(value) == type([]): if 0 == len(value): return "" if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "=" + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return varprefix + ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif type(value) == type({}): if 0 == len(value): return "" keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + "=" + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "=" + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return varprefix + ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: if value: return varname + "=" + urllib.quote(value, safe) else: return varname TOSTRING = { "" : _tostring, "+": _tostring, ";": _tostring_query, "?": _tostring_query, "/": _tostring_path, ".": _tostring_path, } def expand(template, vars): def _sub(match): groupdict = match.groupdict() operator = groupdict.get('operator') if operator is None: operator = '' varlist = groupdict.get('varlist') safe = "@" if operator == '+': safe = RESERVED varspecs = varlist.split(",") varnames = [] defaults = {} for varspec in varspecs: m = VAR.search(varspec) groupdict = m.groupdict() varname = groupdict.get('varname') explode = groupdict.get('explode') partial = groupdict.get('partial') default = groupdict.get('default') if default: defaults[varname] = default varnames.append((varname, explode, partial)) retval = [] joiner = operator prefix = operator if operator == "+": prefix = "" joiner = "," if operator == "?": joiner = "&" if operator == "": joiner = "," for varname, explode, partial in varnames: if varname in vars: value = vars[varname] #if not value and (type(value) == type({}) or type(value) == type([])) and varname in defaults: if not value and value != "" and varname in defaults: value = defaults[varname] elif varname in defaults: value = defaults[varname] else: continue retval.append(TOSTRING[operator](varname, value, explode, operator, safe=safe)) if "".join(retval): return prefix + joiner.join(retval) else: return "" return TEMPLATE.sub(_sub, template)
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # Copyright (c) 2010, Google Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """Module to enforce different constraints on flags. A validator represents an invariant, enforced over a one or more flags. See 'FLAGS VALIDATORS' in gflags.py's docstring for a usage manual. """ __author__ = 'olexiy@google.com (Olexiy Oryeshko)' class Error(Exception): """Thrown If validator constraint is not satisfied.""" class Validator(object): """Base class for flags validators. Users should NOT overload these classes, and use gflags.Register... methods instead. """ # Used to assign each validator an unique insertion_index validators_count = 0 def __init__(self, checker, message): """Constructor to create all validators. Args: checker: function to verify the constraint. Input of this method varies, see SimpleValidator and DictionaryValidator for a detailed description. message: string, error message to be shown to the user """ self.checker = checker self.message = message Validator.validators_count += 1 # Used to assert validators in the order they were registered (CL/18694236) self.insertion_index = Validator.validators_count def Verify(self, flag_values): """Verify that constraint is satisfied. flags library calls this method to verify Validator's constraint. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues, containing all flags Raises: Error: if constraint is not satisfied. """ param = self._GetInputToCheckerFunction(flag_values) if not self.checker(param): raise Error(self.message) def GetFlagsNames(self): """Return the names of the flags checked by this validator. Returns: [string], names of the flags """ raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues, containing all flags. Returns: Return type depends on the specific validator. """ raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') class SimpleValidator(Validator): """Validator behind RegisterValidator() method. Validates that a single flag passes its checker function. The checker function takes the flag value and returns True (if value looks fine) or, if flag value is not valid, either returns False or raises an Exception.""" def __init__(self, flag_name, checker, message): """Constructor. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag. checker: function to verify the validator. input - value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise Error. message: string, error message to be shown to the user if validator's condition is not satisfied """ super(SimpleValidator, self).__init__(checker, message) self.flag_name = flag_name def GetFlagsNames(self): return [self.flag_name] def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): return 'flag --%s=%s' % (self.flag_name, flag_values[self.flag_name].value) def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues Returns: value of the corresponding flag. """ return flag_values[self.flag_name].value class DictionaryValidator(Validator): """Validator behind RegisterDictionaryValidator method. Validates that flag values pass their common checker function. The checker function takes flag values and returns True (if values look fine) or, if values are not valid, either returns False or raises an Exception. """ def __init__(self, flag_names, checker, message): """Constructor. Args: flag_names: [string], containing names of the flags used by checker. checker: function to verify the validator. input - dictionary, with keys() being flag_names, and value for each key being the value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise Error. message: string, error message to be shown to the user if validator's condition is not satisfied """ super(DictionaryValidator, self).__init__(checker, message) self.flag_names = flag_names def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues Returns: dictionary, with keys() being self.lag_names, and value for each key being the value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). """ return dict([key, flag_values[key].value] for key in self.flag_names) def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): prefix = 'flags ' flags_with_values = [] for key in self.flag_names: flags_with_values.append('%s=%s' % (key, flag_values[key].value)) return prefix + ', '.join(flags_with_values) def GetFlagsNames(self): return self.flag_names
Python
"""SocksiPy - Python SOCKS module. Version 1.00 Copyright 2006 Dan-Haim. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of Dan Haim nor the names of his contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAN HAIM "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DAN HAIM OR HIS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMANGE. This module provides a standard socket-like interface for Python for tunneling connections through SOCKS proxies. """ """ Minor modifications made by Christopher Gilbert (http://motomastyle.com/) for use in PyLoris (http://pyloris.sourceforge.net/) Minor modifications made by Mario Vilas (http://breakingcode.wordpress.com/) mainly to merge bug fixes found in Sourceforge """ import base64 import socket import struct import sys if getattr(socket, 'socket', None) is None: raise ImportError('socket.socket missing, proxy support unusable') PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4 = 1 PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5 = 2 PROXY_TYPE_HTTP = 3 PROXY_TYPE_HTTP_NO_TUNNEL = 4 _defaultproxy = None _orgsocket = socket.socket class ProxyError(Exception): pass class GeneralProxyError(ProxyError): pass class Socks5AuthError(ProxyError): pass class Socks5Error(ProxyError): pass class Socks4Error(ProxyError): pass class HTTPError(ProxyError): pass _generalerrors = ("success", "invalid data", "not connected", "not available", "bad proxy type", "bad input") _socks5errors = ("succeeded", "general SOCKS server failure", "connection not allowed by ruleset", "Network unreachable", "Host unreachable", "Connection refused", "TTL expired", "Command not supported", "Address type not supported", "Unknown error") _socks5autherrors = ("succeeded", "authentication is required", "all offered authentication methods were rejected", "unknown username or invalid password", "unknown error") _socks4errors = ("request granted", "request rejected or failed", "request rejected because SOCKS server cannot connect to identd on the client", "request rejected because the client program and identd report different user-ids", "unknown error") def setdefaultproxy(proxytype=None, addr=None, port=None, rdns=True, username=None, password=None): """setdefaultproxy(proxytype, addr[, port[, rdns[, username[, password]]]]) Sets a default proxy which all further socksocket objects will use, unless explicitly changed. """ global _defaultproxy _defaultproxy = (proxytype, addr, port, rdns, username, password) def wrapmodule(module): """wrapmodule(module) Attempts to replace a module's socket library with a SOCKS socket. Must set a default proxy using setdefaultproxy(...) first. This will only work on modules that import socket directly into the namespace; most of the Python Standard Library falls into this category. """ if _defaultproxy != None: module.socket.socket = socksocket else: raise GeneralProxyError((4, "no proxy specified")) class socksocket(socket.socket): """socksocket([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> socket object Open a SOCKS enabled socket. The parameters are the same as those of the standard socket init. In order for SOCKS to work, you must specify family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM and proto=0. """ def __init__(self, family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, _sock=None): _orgsocket.__init__(self, family, type, proto, _sock) if _defaultproxy != None: self.__proxy = _defaultproxy else: self.__proxy = (None, None, None, None, None, None) self.__proxysockname = None self.__proxypeername = None self.__httptunnel = True def __recvall(self, count): """__recvall(count) -> data Receive EXACTLY the number of bytes requested from the socket. Blocks until the required number of bytes have been received. """ data = self.recv(count) while len(data) < count: d = self.recv(count-len(data)) if not d: raise GeneralProxyError((0, "connection closed unexpectedly")) data = data + d return data def sendall(self, content, *args): """ override socket.socket.sendall method to rewrite the header for non-tunneling proxies if needed """ if not self.__httptunnel: content = self.__rewriteproxy(content) return super(socksocket, self).sendall(content, *args) def __rewriteproxy(self, header): """ rewrite HTTP request headers to support non-tunneling proxies (i.e. those which do not support the CONNECT method). This only works for HTTP (not HTTPS) since HTTPS requires tunneling. """ host, endpt = None, None hdrs = header.split("\r\n") for hdr in hdrs: if hdr.lower().startswith("host:"): host = hdr elif hdr.lower().startswith("get") or hdr.lower().startswith("post"): endpt = hdr if host and endpt: hdrs.remove(host) hdrs.remove(endpt) host = host.split(" ")[1] endpt = endpt.split(" ") if (self.__proxy[4] != None and self.__proxy[5] != None): hdrs.insert(0, self.__getauthheader()) hdrs.insert(0, "Host: %s" % host) hdrs.insert(0, "%s http://%s%s %s" % (endpt[0], host, endpt[1], endpt[2])) return "\r\n".join(hdrs) def __getauthheader(self): auth = self.__proxy[4] + ":" + self.__proxy[5] return "Proxy-Authorization: Basic " + base64.b64encode(auth) def setproxy(self, proxytype=None, addr=None, port=None, rdns=True, username=None, password=None): """setproxy(proxytype, addr[, port[, rdns[, username[, password]]]]) Sets the proxy to be used. proxytype - The type of the proxy to be used. Three types are supported: PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4 (including socks4a), PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5 and PROXY_TYPE_HTTP addr - The address of the server (IP or DNS). port - The port of the server. Defaults to 1080 for SOCKS servers and 8080 for HTTP proxy servers. rdns - Should DNS queries be preformed on the remote side (rather than the local side). The default is True. Note: This has no effect with SOCKS4 servers. username - Username to authenticate with to the server. The default is no authentication. password - Password to authenticate with to the server. Only relevant when username is also provided. """ self.__proxy = (proxytype, addr, port, rdns, username, password) def __negotiatesocks5(self, destaddr, destport): """__negotiatesocks5(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through a SOCKS5 server. """ # First we'll send the authentication packages we support. if (self.__proxy[4]!=None) and (self.__proxy[5]!=None): # The username/password details were supplied to the # setproxy method so we support the USERNAME/PASSWORD # authentication (in addition to the standard none). self.sendall(struct.pack('BBBB', 0x05, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02)) else: # No username/password were entered, therefore we # only support connections with no authentication. self.sendall(struct.pack('BBB', 0x05, 0x01, 0x00)) # We'll receive the server's response to determine which # method was selected chosenauth = self.__recvall(2) if chosenauth[0:1] != chr(0x05).encode(): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) # Check the chosen authentication method if chosenauth[1:2] == chr(0x00).encode(): # No authentication is required pass elif chosenauth[1:2] == chr(0x02).encode(): # Okay, we need to perform a basic username/password # authentication. self.sendall(chr(0x01).encode() + chr(len(self.__proxy[4])) + self.__proxy[4] + chr(len(self.__proxy[5])) + self.__proxy[5]) authstat = self.__recvall(2) if authstat[0:1] != chr(0x01).encode(): # Bad response self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) if authstat[1:2] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Authentication failed self.close() raise Socks5AuthError((3, _socks5autherrors[3])) # Authentication succeeded else: # Reaching here is always bad self.close() if chosenauth[1] == chr(0xFF).encode(): raise Socks5AuthError((2, _socks5autherrors[2])) else: raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) # Now we can request the actual connection req = struct.pack('BBB', 0x05, 0x01, 0x00) # If the given destination address is an IP address, we'll # use the IPv4 address request even if remote resolving was specified. try: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(destaddr) req = req + chr(0x01).encode() + ipaddr except socket.error: # Well it's not an IP number, so it's probably a DNS name. if self.__proxy[3]: # Resolve remotely ipaddr = None req = req + chr(0x03).encode() + chr(len(destaddr)).encode() + destaddr else: # Resolve locally ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(socket.gethostbyname(destaddr)) req = req + chr(0x01).encode() + ipaddr req = req + struct.pack(">H", destport) self.sendall(req) # Get the response resp = self.__recvall(4) if resp[0:1] != chr(0x05).encode(): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) elif resp[1:2] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Connection failed self.close() if ord(resp[1:2])<=8: raise Socks5Error((ord(resp[1:2]), _socks5errors[ord(resp[1:2])])) else: raise Socks5Error((9, _socks5errors[9])) # Get the bound address/port elif resp[3:4] == chr(0x01).encode(): boundaddr = self.__recvall(4) elif resp[3:4] == chr(0x03).encode(): resp = resp + self.recv(1) boundaddr = self.__recvall(ord(resp[4:5])) else: self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1,_generalerrors[1])) boundport = struct.unpack(">H", self.__recvall(2))[0] self.__proxysockname = (boundaddr, boundport) if ipaddr != None: self.__proxypeername = (socket.inet_ntoa(ipaddr), destport) else: self.__proxypeername = (destaddr, destport) def getproxysockname(self): """getsockname() -> address info Returns the bound IP address and port number at the proxy. """ return self.__proxysockname def getproxypeername(self): """getproxypeername() -> address info Returns the IP and port number of the proxy. """ return _orgsocket.getpeername(self) def getpeername(self): """getpeername() -> address info Returns the IP address and port number of the destination machine (note: getproxypeername returns the proxy) """ return self.__proxypeername def __negotiatesocks4(self,destaddr,destport): """__negotiatesocks4(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through a SOCKS4 server. """ # Check if the destination address provided is an IP address rmtrslv = False try: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(destaddr) except socket.error: # It's a DNS name. Check where it should be resolved. if self.__proxy[3]: ipaddr = struct.pack("BBBB", 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01) rmtrslv = True else: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(socket.gethostbyname(destaddr)) # Construct the request packet req = struct.pack(">BBH", 0x04, 0x01, destport) + ipaddr # The username parameter is considered userid for SOCKS4 if self.__proxy[4] != None: req = req + self.__proxy[4] req = req + chr(0x00).encode() # DNS name if remote resolving is required # NOTE: This is actually an extension to the SOCKS4 protocol # called SOCKS4A and may not be supported in all cases. if rmtrslv: req = req + destaddr + chr(0x00).encode() self.sendall(req) # Get the response from the server resp = self.__recvall(8) if resp[0:1] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Bad data self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1,_generalerrors[1])) if resp[1:2] != chr(0x5A).encode(): # Server returned an error self.close() if ord(resp[1:2]) in (91, 92, 93): self.close() raise Socks4Error((ord(resp[1:2]), _socks4errors[ord(resp[1:2]) - 90])) else: raise Socks4Error((94, _socks4errors[4])) # Get the bound address/port self.__proxysockname = (socket.inet_ntoa(resp[4:]), struct.unpack(">H", resp[2:4])[0]) if rmtrslv != None: self.__proxypeername = (socket.inet_ntoa(ipaddr), destport) else: self.__proxypeername = (destaddr, destport) def __negotiatehttp(self, destaddr, destport): """__negotiatehttp(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through an HTTP server. """ # If we need to resolve locally, we do this now if not self.__proxy[3]: addr = socket.gethostbyname(destaddr) else: addr = destaddr headers = ["CONNECT ", addr, ":", str(destport), " HTTP/1.1\r\n"] headers += ["Host: ", destaddr, "\r\n"] if (self.__proxy[4] != None and self.__proxy[5] != None): headers += [self.__getauthheader(), "\r\n"] headers.append("\r\n") self.sendall("".join(headers).encode()) # We read the response until we get the string "\r\n\r\n" resp = self.recv(1) while resp.find("\r\n\r\n".encode()) == -1: resp = resp + self.recv(1) # We just need the first line to check if the connection # was successful statusline = resp.splitlines()[0].split(" ".encode(), 2) if statusline[0] not in ("HTTP/1.0".encode(), "HTTP/1.1".encode()): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) try: statuscode = int(statusline[1]) except ValueError: self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) if statuscode != 200: self.close() raise HTTPError((statuscode, statusline[2])) self.__proxysockname = ("0.0.0.0", 0) self.__proxypeername = (addr, destport) def connect(self, destpair): """connect(self, despair) Connects to the specified destination through a proxy. destpar - A tuple of the IP/DNS address and the port number. (identical to socket's connect). To select the proxy server use setproxy(). """ # Do a minimal input check first if (not type(destpair) in (list,tuple)) or (len(destpair) < 2) or (type(destpair[0]) != type('')) or (type(destpair[1]) != int): raise GeneralProxyError((5, _generalerrors[5])) if self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 1080 _orgsocket.connect(self, (self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatesocks5(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 1080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatesocks4(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_HTTP: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 8080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatehttp(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_HTTP_NO_TUNNEL: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 8080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1],portnum)) if destpair[1] == 443: self.__negotiatehttp(destpair[0],destpair[1]) else: self.__httptunnel = False elif self.__proxy[0] == None: _orgsocket.connect(self, (destpair[0], destpair[1])) else: raise GeneralProxyError((4, _generalerrors[4]))
Python
""" iri2uri Converts an IRI to a URI. """ __author__ = "Joe Gregorio (joe@bitworking.org)" __copyright__ = "Copyright 2006, Joe Gregorio" __contributors__ = [] __version__ = "1.0.0" __license__ = "MIT" __history__ = """ """ import urlparse # Convert an IRI to a URI following the rules in RFC 3987 # # The characters we need to enocde and escape are defined in the spec: # # iprivate = %xE000-F8FF / %xF0000-FFFFD / %x100000-10FFFD # ucschar = %xA0-D7FF / %xF900-FDCF / %xFDF0-FFEF # / %x10000-1FFFD / %x20000-2FFFD / %x30000-3FFFD # / %x40000-4FFFD / %x50000-5FFFD / %x60000-6FFFD # / %x70000-7FFFD / %x80000-8FFFD / %x90000-9FFFD # / %xA0000-AFFFD / %xB0000-BFFFD / %xC0000-CFFFD # / %xD0000-DFFFD / %xE1000-EFFFD escape_range = [ (0xA0, 0xD7FF ), (0xE000, 0xF8FF ), (0xF900, 0xFDCF ), (0xFDF0, 0xFFEF), (0x10000, 0x1FFFD ), (0x20000, 0x2FFFD ), (0x30000, 0x3FFFD), (0x40000, 0x4FFFD ), (0x50000, 0x5FFFD ), (0x60000, 0x6FFFD), (0x70000, 0x7FFFD ), (0x80000, 0x8FFFD ), (0x90000, 0x9FFFD), (0xA0000, 0xAFFFD ), (0xB0000, 0xBFFFD ), (0xC0000, 0xCFFFD), (0xD0000, 0xDFFFD ), (0xE1000, 0xEFFFD), (0xF0000, 0xFFFFD ), (0x100000, 0x10FFFD) ] def encode(c): retval = c i = ord(c) for low, high in escape_range: if i < low: break if i >= low and i <= high: retval = "".join(["%%%2X" % ord(o) for o in c.encode('utf-8')]) break return retval def iri2uri(uri): """Convert an IRI to a URI. Note that IRIs must be passed in a unicode strings. That is, do not utf-8 encode the IRI before passing it into the function.""" if isinstance(uri ,unicode): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = urlparse.urlsplit(uri) authority = authority.encode('idna') # For each character in 'ucschar' or 'iprivate' # 1. encode as utf-8 # 2. then %-encode each octet of that utf-8 uri = urlparse.urlunsplit((scheme, authority, path, query, fragment)) uri = "".join([encode(c) for c in uri]) return uri if __name__ == "__main__": import unittest class Test(unittest.TestCase): def test_uris(self): """Test that URIs are invariant under the transformation.""" invariant = [ u"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt", u"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt", u"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one", u"mailto:John.Doe@example.com", u"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", u"tel:+1-816-555-1212", u"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/", u"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" ] for uri in invariant: self.assertEqual(uri, iri2uri(uri)) def test_iri(self): """ Test that the right type of escaping is done for each part of the URI.""" self.assertEqual("http://xn--o3h.com/%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://\N{COMET}.com/\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("http://bitworking.org/?fred=%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://bitworking.org/?fred=\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("http://bitworking.org/#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://bitworking.org/#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}"))) self.assertNotEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}".encode('utf-8'))) unittest.main()
Python
from __future__ import generators """ httplib2 A caching http interface that supports ETags and gzip to conserve bandwidth. Requires Python 2.3 or later Changelog: 2007-08-18, Rick: Modified so it's able to use a socks proxy if needed. """ __author__ = "Joe Gregorio (joe@bitworking.org)" __copyright__ = "Copyright 2006, Joe Gregorio" __contributors__ = ["Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)", "James Antill", "Xavier Verges Farrero", "Jonathan Feinberg", "Blair Zajac", "Sam Ruby", "Louis Nyffenegger"] __license__ = "MIT" __version__ = "0.7.2" import re import sys import email import email.Utils import email.Message import email.FeedParser import StringIO import gzip import zlib import httplib import urlparse import base64 import os import copy import calendar import time import random import errno # remove depracated warning in python2.6 try: from hashlib import sha1 as _sha, md5 as _md5 except ImportError: import sha import md5 _sha = sha.new _md5 = md5.new import hmac from gettext import gettext as _ import socket try: from httplib2 import socks except ImportError: socks = None # Build the appropriate socket wrapper for ssl try: import ssl # python 2.6 ssl_SSLError = ssl.SSLError def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file, disable_validation, ca_certs): if disable_validation: cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_NONE else: cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED # We should be specifying SSL version 3 or TLS v1, but the ssl module # doesn't expose the necessary knobs. So we need to go with the default # of SSLv23. return ssl.wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, cert_reqs=cert_reqs, ca_certs=ca_certs) except (AttributeError, ImportError): ssl_SSLError = None def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file, disable_validation, ca_certs): if not disable_validation: raise CertificateValidationUnsupported( "SSL certificate validation is not supported without " "the ssl module installed. To avoid this error, install " "the ssl module, or explicity disable validation.") ssl_sock = socket.ssl(sock, key_file, cert_file) return httplib.FakeSocket(sock, ssl_sock) if sys.version_info >= (2,3): from iri2uri import iri2uri else: def iri2uri(uri): return uri def has_timeout(timeout): # python 2.6 if hasattr(socket, '_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT'): return (timeout is not None and timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) return (timeout is not None) __all__ = ['Http', 'Response', 'ProxyInfo', 'HttpLib2Error', 'RedirectMissingLocation', 'RedirectLimit', 'FailedToDecompressContent', 'UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError', 'UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError', 'debuglevel', 'ProxiesUnavailableError'] # The httplib debug level, set to a non-zero value to get debug output debuglevel = 0 # Python 2.3 support if sys.version_info < (2,4): def sorted(seq): seq.sort() return seq # Python 2.3 support def HTTPResponse__getheaders(self): """Return list of (header, value) tuples.""" if self.msg is None: raise httplib.ResponseNotReady() return self.msg.items() if not hasattr(httplib.HTTPResponse, 'getheaders'): httplib.HTTPResponse.getheaders = HTTPResponse__getheaders # All exceptions raised here derive from HttpLib2Error class HttpLib2Error(Exception): pass # Some exceptions can be caught and optionally # be turned back into responses. class HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse(HttpLib2Error): def __init__(self, desc, response, content): self.response = response self.content = content HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc) class RedirectMissingLocation(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class RedirectLimit(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class FailedToDecompressContent(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class MalformedHeader(HttpLib2Error): pass class RelativeURIError(HttpLib2Error): pass class ServerNotFoundError(HttpLib2Error): pass class ProxiesUnavailableError(HttpLib2Error): pass class CertificateValidationUnsupported(HttpLib2Error): pass class SSLHandshakeError(HttpLib2Error): pass class NotSupportedOnThisPlatform(HttpLib2Error): pass class CertificateHostnameMismatch(SSLHandshakeError): def __init__(self, desc, host, cert): HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc) self.host = host self.cert = cert # Open Items: # ----------- # Proxy support # Are we removing the cached content too soon on PUT (only delete on 200 Maybe?) # Pluggable cache storage (supports storing the cache in # flat files by default. We need a plug-in architecture # that can support Berkeley DB and Squid) # == Known Issues == # Does not handle a resource that uses conneg and Last-Modified but no ETag as a cache validator. # Does not handle Cache-Control: max-stale # Does not use Age: headers when calculating cache freshness. # The number of redirections to follow before giving up. # Note that only GET redirects are automatically followed. # Will also honor 301 requests by saving that info and never # requesting that URI again. DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5 # Default CA certificates file bundled with httplib2. CA_CERTS = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__ )), "cacerts.txt") # Which headers are hop-by-hop headers by default HOP_BY_HOP = ['connection', 'keep-alive', 'proxy-authenticate', 'proxy-authorization', 'te', 'trailers', 'transfer-encoding', 'upgrade'] def _get_end2end_headers(response): hopbyhop = list(HOP_BY_HOP) hopbyhop.extend([x.strip() for x in response.get('connection', '').split(',')]) return [header for header in response.keys() if header not in hopbyhop] URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?") def parse_uri(uri): """Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986. (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri) """ groups = URI.match(uri).groups() return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8]) def urlnorm(uri): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri) if not scheme or not authority: raise RelativeURIError("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri) authority = authority.lower() scheme = scheme.lower() if not path: path = "/" # Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before # computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66. request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path scheme = scheme.lower() defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri return scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri # Cache filename construction (original borrowed from Venus http://intertwingly.net/code/venus/) re_url_scheme = re.compile(r'^\w+://') re_slash = re.compile(r'[?/:|]+') def safename(filename): """Return a filename suitable for the cache. Strips dangerous and common characters to create a filename we can use to store the cache in. """ try: if re_url_scheme.match(filename): if isinstance(filename,str): filename = filename.decode('utf-8') filename = filename.encode('idna') else: filename = filename.encode('idna') except UnicodeError: pass if isinstance(filename,unicode): filename=filename.encode('utf-8') filemd5 = _md5(filename).hexdigest() filename = re_url_scheme.sub("", filename) filename = re_slash.sub(",", filename) # limit length of filename if len(filename)>200: filename=filename[:200] return ",".join((filename, filemd5)) NORMALIZE_SPACE = re.compile(r'(?:\r\n)?[ \t]+') def _normalize_headers(headers): return dict([ (key.lower(), NORMALIZE_SPACE.sub(value, ' ').strip()) for (key, value) in headers.iteritems()]) def _parse_cache_control(headers): retval = {} if headers.has_key('cache-control'): parts = headers['cache-control'].split(',') parts_with_args = [tuple([x.strip().lower() for x in part.split("=", 1)]) for part in parts if -1 != part.find("=")] parts_wo_args = [(name.strip().lower(), 1) for name in parts if -1 == name.find("=")] retval = dict(parts_with_args + parts_wo_args) return retval # Whether to use a strict mode to parse WWW-Authenticate headers # Might lead to bad results in case of ill-formed header value, # so disabled by default, falling back to relaxed parsing. # Set to true to turn on, usefull for testing servers. USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING = 0 # In regex below: # [^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+ matches a "token" as defined by HTTP # "(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?" matches a "quoted-string" as defined by HTTP, when LWS have already been replaced by a single space # Actually, as an auth-param value can be either a token or a quoted-string, they are combined in a single pattern which matches both: # \"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"? WWW_AUTH_STRICT = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$") WWW_AUTH_RELAXED = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^ \t\r\n=]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\\\"]|\\.)*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^ \t\r\n,]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$") UNQUOTE_PAIRS = re.compile(r'\\(.)') def _parse_www_authenticate(headers, headername='www-authenticate'): """Returns a dictionary of dictionaries, one dict per auth_scheme.""" retval = {} if headers.has_key(headername): try: authenticate = headers[headername].strip() www_auth = USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING and WWW_AUTH_STRICT or WWW_AUTH_RELAXED while authenticate: # Break off the scheme at the beginning of the line if headername == 'authentication-info': (auth_scheme, the_rest) = ('digest', authenticate) else: (auth_scheme, the_rest) = authenticate.split(" ", 1) # Now loop over all the key value pairs that come after the scheme, # being careful not to roll into the next scheme match = www_auth.search(the_rest) auth_params = {} while match: if match and len(match.groups()) == 3: (key, value, the_rest) = match.groups() auth_params[key.lower()] = UNQUOTE_PAIRS.sub(r'\1', value) # '\\'.join([x.replace('\\', '') for x in value.split('\\\\')]) match = www_auth.search(the_rest) retval[auth_scheme.lower()] = auth_params authenticate = the_rest.strip() except ValueError: raise MalformedHeader("WWW-Authenticate") return retval def _entry_disposition(response_headers, request_headers): """Determine freshness from the Date, Expires and Cache-Control headers. We don't handle the following: 1. Cache-Control: max-stale 2. Age: headers are not used in the calculations. Not that this algorithm is simpler than you might think because we are operating as a private (non-shared) cache. This lets us ignore 's-maxage'. We can also ignore 'proxy-invalidate' since we aren't a proxy. We will never return a stale document as fresh as a design decision, and thus the non-implementation of 'max-stale'. This also lets us safely ignore 'must-revalidate' since we operate as if every server has sent 'must-revalidate'. Since we are private we get to ignore both 'public' and 'private' parameters. We also ignore 'no-transform' since we don't do any transformations. The 'no-store' parameter is handled at a higher level. So the only Cache-Control parameters we look at are: no-cache only-if-cached max-age min-fresh """ retval = "STALE" cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers) cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers) if request_headers.has_key('pragma') and request_headers['pragma'].lower().find('no-cache') != -1: retval = "TRANSPARENT" if 'cache-control' not in request_headers: request_headers['cache-control'] = 'no-cache' elif cc.has_key('no-cache'): retval = "TRANSPARENT" elif cc_response.has_key('no-cache'): retval = "STALE" elif cc.has_key('only-if-cached'): retval = "FRESH" elif response_headers.has_key('date'): date = calendar.timegm(email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['date'])) now = time.time() current_age = max(0, now - date) if cc_response.has_key('max-age'): try: freshness_lifetime = int(cc_response['max-age']) except ValueError: freshness_lifetime = 0 elif response_headers.has_key('expires'): expires = email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['expires']) if None == expires: freshness_lifetime = 0 else: freshness_lifetime = max(0, calendar.timegm(expires) - date) else: freshness_lifetime = 0 if cc.has_key('max-age'): try: freshness_lifetime = int(cc['max-age']) except ValueError: freshness_lifetime = 0 if cc.has_key('min-fresh'): try: min_fresh = int(cc['min-fresh']) except ValueError: min_fresh = 0 current_age += min_fresh if freshness_lifetime > current_age: retval = "FRESH" return retval def _decompressContent(response, new_content): content = new_content try: encoding = response.get('content-encoding', None) if encoding in ['gzip', 'deflate']: if encoding == 'gzip': content = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(new_content)).read() if encoding == 'deflate': content = zlib.decompress(content) response['content-length'] = str(len(content)) # Record the historical presence of the encoding in a way the won't interfere. response['-content-encoding'] = response['content-encoding'] del response['content-encoding'] except IOError: content = "" raise FailedToDecompressContent(_("Content purported to be compressed with %s but failed to decompress.") % response.get('content-encoding'), response, content) return content def _updateCache(request_headers, response_headers, content, cache, cachekey): if cachekey: cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers) cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers) if cc.has_key('no-store') or cc_response.has_key('no-store'): cache.delete(cachekey) else: info = email.Message.Message() for key, value in response_headers.iteritems(): if key not in ['status','content-encoding','transfer-encoding']: info[key] = value # Add annotations to the cache to indicate what headers # are variant for this request. vary = response_headers.get('vary', None) if vary: vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',') for header in vary_headers: key = '-varied-%s' % header try: info[key] = request_headers[header] except KeyError: pass status = response_headers.status if status == 304: status = 200 status_header = 'status: %d\r\n' % status header_str = info.as_string() header_str = re.sub("\r(?!\n)|(?<!\r)\n", "\r\n", header_str) text = "".join([status_header, header_str, content]) cache.set(cachekey, text) def _cnonce(): dig = _md5("%s:%s" % (time.ctime(), ["0123456789"[random.randrange(0, 9)] for i in range(20)])).hexdigest() return dig[:16] def _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, password): return base64.b64encode(_sha("%s%s%s" % (cnonce, iso_now, password)).digest()).strip() # For credentials we need two things, first # a pool of credential to try (not necesarily tied to BAsic, Digest, etc.) # Then we also need a list of URIs that have already demanded authentication # That list is tricky since sub-URIs can take the same auth, or the # auth scheme may change as you descend the tree. # So we also need each Auth instance to be able to tell us # how close to the 'top' it is. class Authentication(object): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) self.path = path self.host = host self.credentials = credentials self.http = http def depth(self, request_uri): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) return request_uri[len(self.path):].count("/") def inscope(self, host, request_uri): # XXX Should we normalize the request_uri? (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) return (host == self.host) and path.startswith(self.path) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header. Over-rise this in sub-classes.""" pass def response(self, response, content): """Gives us a chance to update with new nonces or such returned from the last authorized response. Over-rise this in sub-classes if necessary. Return TRUE is the request is to be retried, for example Digest may return stale=true. """ return False class BasicAuthentication(Authentication): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode("%s:%s" % self.credentials).strip() class DigestAuthentication(Authentication): """Only do qop='auth' and MD5, since that is all Apache currently implements""" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') self.challenge = challenge['digest'] qop = self.challenge.get('qop', 'auth') self.challenge['qop'] = ('auth' in [x.strip() for x in qop.split()]) and 'auth' or None if self.challenge['qop'] is None: raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for qop: %s." % qop)) self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'MD5').upper() if self.challenge['algorithm'] != 'MD5': raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm'])) self.A1 = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":", self.challenge['realm'], ":", self.credentials[1]]) self.challenge['nc'] = 1 def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content, cnonce = None): """Modify the request headers""" H = lambda x: _md5(x).hexdigest() KD = lambda s, d: H("%s:%s" % (s, d)) A2 = "".join([method, ":", request_uri]) self.challenge['cnonce'] = cnonce or _cnonce() request_digest = '"%s"' % KD(H(self.A1), "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (self.challenge['nonce'], '%08x' % self.challenge['nc'], self.challenge['cnonce'], self.challenge['qop'], H(A2) )) headers['authorization'] = 'Digest username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", algorithm=%s, response=%s, qop=%s, nc=%08x, cnonce="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], self.challenge['realm'], self.challenge['nonce'], request_uri, self.challenge['algorithm'], request_digest, self.challenge['qop'], self.challenge['nc'], self.challenge['cnonce'], ) if self.challenge.get('opaque'): headers['authorization'] += ', opaque="%s"' % self.challenge['opaque'] self.challenge['nc'] += 1 def response(self, response, content): if not response.has_key('authentication-info'): challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('digest', {}) if 'true' == challenge.get('stale'): self.challenge['nonce'] = challenge['nonce'] self.challenge['nc'] = 1 return True else: updated_challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'authentication-info').get('digest', {}) if updated_challenge.has_key('nextnonce'): self.challenge['nonce'] = updated_challenge['nextnonce'] self.challenge['nc'] = 1 return False class HmacDigestAuthentication(Authentication): """Adapted from Robert Sayre's code and DigestAuthentication above.""" __author__ = "Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') self.challenge = challenge['hmacdigest'] # TODO: self.challenge['domain'] self.challenge['reason'] = self.challenge.get('reason', 'unauthorized') if self.challenge['reason'] not in ['unauthorized', 'integrity']: self.challenge['reason'] = 'unauthorized' self.challenge['salt'] = self.challenge.get('salt', '') if not self.challenge.get('snonce'): raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("The challenge doesn't contain a server nonce, or this one is empty.")) self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'HMAC-SHA-1') if self.challenge['algorithm'] not in ['HMAC-SHA-1', 'HMAC-MD5']: raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm'])) self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('pw-algorithm', 'SHA-1') if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] not in ['SHA-1', 'MD5']: raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for pw-algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['pw-algorithm'])) if self.challenge['algorithm'] == 'HMAC-MD5': self.hashmod = _md5 else: self.hashmod = _sha if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] == 'MD5': self.pwhashmod = _md5 else: self.pwhashmod = _sha self.key = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":", self.pwhashmod.new("".join([self.credentials[1], self.challenge['salt']])).hexdigest().lower(), ":", self.challenge['realm'] ]) self.key = self.pwhashmod.new(self.key).hexdigest().lower() def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers""" keys = _get_end2end_headers(headers) keylist = "".join(["%s " % k for k in keys]) headers_val = "".join([headers[k] for k in keys]) created = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',time.gmtime()) cnonce = _cnonce() request_digest = "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (method, request_uri, cnonce, self.challenge['snonce'], headers_val) request_digest = hmac.new(self.key, request_digest, self.hashmod).hexdigest().lower() headers['authorization'] = 'HMACDigest username="%s", realm="%s", snonce="%s", cnonce="%s", uri="%s", created="%s", response="%s", headers="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], self.challenge['realm'], self.challenge['snonce'], cnonce, request_uri, created, request_digest, keylist, ) def response(self, response, content): challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('hmacdigest', {}) if challenge.get('reason') in ['integrity', 'stale']: return True return False class WsseAuthentication(Authentication): """This is thinly tested and should not be relied upon. At this time there isn't any third party server to test against. Blogger and TypePad implemented this algorithm at one point but Blogger has since switched to Basic over HTTPS and TypePad has implemented it wrong, by never issuing a 401 challenge but instead requiring your client to telepathically know that their endpoint is expecting WSSE profile="UsernameToken".""" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'WSSE profile="UsernameToken"' iso_now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime()) cnonce = _cnonce() password_digest = _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, self.credentials[1]) headers['X-WSSE'] = 'UsernameToken Username="%s", PasswordDigest="%s", Nonce="%s", Created="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], password_digest, cnonce, iso_now) class GoogleLoginAuthentication(Authentication): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): from urllib import urlencode Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') service = challenge['googlelogin'].get('service', 'xapi') # Bloggger actually returns the service in the challenge # For the rest we guess based on the URI if service == 'xapi' and request_uri.find("calendar") > 0: service = "cl" # No point in guessing Base or Spreadsheet #elif request_uri.find("spreadsheets") > 0: # service = "wise" auth = dict(Email=credentials[0], Passwd=credentials[1], service=service, source=headers['user-agent']) resp, content = self.http.request("https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin", method="POST", body=urlencode(auth), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}) lines = content.split('\n') d = dict([tuple(line.split("=", 1)) for line in lines if line]) if resp.status == 403: self.Auth = "" else: self.Auth = d['Auth'] def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'GoogleLogin Auth=' + self.Auth AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES = { "basic": BasicAuthentication, "wsse": WsseAuthentication, "digest": DigestAuthentication, "hmacdigest": HmacDigestAuthentication, "googlelogin": GoogleLoginAuthentication } AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER = ["hmacdigest", "googlelogin", "digest", "wsse", "basic"] class FileCache(object): """Uses a local directory as a store for cached files. Not really safe to use if multiple threads or processes are going to be running on the same cache. """ def __init__(self, cache, safe=safename): # use safe=lambda x: md5.new(x).hexdigest() for the old behavior self.cache = cache self.safe = safe if not os.path.exists(cache): os.makedirs(self.cache) def get(self, key): retval = None cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) try: f = file(cacheFullPath, "rb") retval = f.read() f.close() except IOError: pass return retval def set(self, key, value): cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) f = file(cacheFullPath, "wb") f.write(value) f.close() def delete(self, key): cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) if os.path.exists(cacheFullPath): os.remove(cacheFullPath) class Credentials(object): def __init__(self): self.credentials = [] def add(self, name, password, domain=""): self.credentials.append((domain.lower(), name, password)) def clear(self): self.credentials = [] def iter(self, domain): for (cdomain, name, password) in self.credentials: if cdomain == "" or domain == cdomain: yield (name, password) class KeyCerts(Credentials): """Identical to Credentials except that name/password are mapped to key/cert.""" pass class ProxyInfo(object): """Collect information required to use a proxy.""" def __init__(self, proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns=None, proxy_user=None, proxy_pass=None): """The parameter proxy_type must be set to one of socks.PROXY_TYPE_XXX constants. For example: p = ProxyInfo(proxy_type=socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, proxy_host='localhost', proxy_port=8000) """ self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns, self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass = proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns, proxy_user, proxy_pass def astuple(self): return (self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns, self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass) def isgood(self): return (self.proxy_host != None) and (self.proxy_port != None) class HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPConnection): """ HTTPConnection subclass that supports timeouts All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None): httplib.HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict) self.timeout = timeout self.proxy_info = proxy_info def connect(self): """Connect to the host and port specified in __init__.""" # Mostly verbatim from httplib.py. if self.proxy_info and socks is None: raise ProxiesUnavailableError( 'Proxy support missing but proxy use was requested!') msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res try: if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood(): self.sock = socks.socksocket(af, socktype, proto) self.sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple()) else: self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) # Different from httplib: support timeouts. if has_timeout(self.timeout): self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout) # End of difference from httplib. if self.debuglevel > 0: print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port) self.sock.connect(sa) except socket.error, msg: if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port) if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None continue break if not self.sock: raise socket.error, msg class HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPSConnection): """ This class allows communication via SSL. All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False): httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, host, port=port, key_file=key_file, cert_file=cert_file, strict=strict) self.timeout = timeout self.proxy_info = proxy_info if ca_certs is None: ca_certs = CA_CERTS self.ca_certs = ca_certs self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \ disable_ssl_certificate_validation # The following two methods were adapted from https_wrapper.py, released # with the Google Appengine SDK at # http://googleappengine.googlecode.com/svn-history/r136/trunk/python/google/appengine/tools/https_wrapper.py # under the following license: # # Copyright 2007 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # def _GetValidHostsForCert(self, cert): """Returns a list of valid host globs for an SSL certificate. Args: cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate. Returns: list: A list of valid host globs. """ if 'subjectAltName' in cert: return [x[1] for x in cert['subjectAltName'] if x[0].lower() == 'dns'] else: return [x[0][1] for x in cert['subject'] if x[0][0].lower() == 'commonname'] def _ValidateCertificateHostname(self, cert, hostname): """Validates that a given hostname is valid for an SSL certificate. Args: cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate. hostname: The hostname to test. Returns: bool: Whether or not the hostname is valid for this certificate. """ hosts = self._GetValidHostsForCert(cert) for host in hosts: host_re = host.replace('.', '\.').replace('*', '[^.]*') if re.search('^%s$' % (host_re,), hostname, re.I): return True return False def connect(self): "Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port." msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" for family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr in socket.getaddrinfo( self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM): try: if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood(): sock = socks.socksocket(family, socktype, proto) sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple()) else: sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto) sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) if has_timeout(self.timeout): sock.settimeout(self.timeout) sock.connect((self.host, self.port)) self.sock =_ssl_wrap_socket( sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file, self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation, self.ca_certs) if self.debuglevel > 0: print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port) if not self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation: cert = self.sock.getpeercert() hostname = self.host.split(':', 0)[0] if not self._ValidateCertificateHostname(cert, hostname): raise CertificateHostnameMismatch( 'Server presented certificate that does not match ' 'host %s: %s' % (hostname, cert), hostname, cert) except ssl_SSLError, e: if sock: sock.close() if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None # Unfortunately the ssl module doesn't seem to provide any way # to get at more detailed error information, in particular # whether the error is due to certificate validation or # something else (such as SSL protocol mismatch). if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_SSL: raise SSLHandshakeError(e) else: raise except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror): raise except socket.error, msg: if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port) if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None continue break if not self.sock: raise socket.error, msg SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = { 'http': HTTPConnectionWithTimeout, 'https': HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout } # Use a different connection object for Google App Engine try: from google.appengine.api import apiproxy_stub_map if apiproxy_stub_map.apiproxy.GetStub('urlfetch') is None: raise ImportError # Bail out; we're not actually running on App Engine. from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import fetch from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import InvalidURLError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import DownloadError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import ResponseTooLargeError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import SSLCertificateError class ResponseDict(dict): """Is a dictionary that also has a read() method, so that it can pass itself off as an httlib.HTTPResponse().""" def read(self): pass class AppEngineHttpConnection(object): """Emulates an httplib.HTTPConnection object, but actually uses the Google App Engine urlfetch library. This allows the timeout to be properly used on Google App Engine, and avoids using httplib, which on Google App Engine is just another wrapper around urlfetch. """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_certificate_validation=False): self.host = host self.port = port self.timeout = timeout if key_file or cert_file or proxy_info or ca_certs: raise NotSupportedOnThisPlatform() self.response = None self.scheme = 'http' self.validate_certificate = not disable_certificate_validation self.sock = True def request(self, method, url, body, headers): # Calculate the absolute URI, which fetch requires netloc = self.host if self.port: netloc = '%s:%s' % (self.host, self.port) absolute_uri = '%s://%s%s' % (self.scheme, netloc, url) try: response = fetch(absolute_uri, payload=body, method=method, headers=headers, allow_truncated=False, follow_redirects=False, deadline=self.timeout, validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate) self.response = ResponseDict(response.headers) self.response['status'] = str(response.status_code) self.response.status = response.status_code setattr(self.response, 'read', lambda : response.content) # Make sure the exceptions raised match the exceptions expected. except InvalidURLError: raise socket.gaierror('') except (DownloadError, ResponseTooLargeError, SSLCertificateError): raise httplib.HTTPException() def getresponse(self): if self.response: return self.response else: raise httplib.HTTPException() def set_debuglevel(self, level): pass def connect(self): pass def close(self): pass class AppEngineHttpsConnection(AppEngineHttpConnection): """Same as AppEngineHttpConnection, but for HTTPS URIs.""" def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None): AppEngineHttpConnection.__init__(self, host, port, key_file, cert_file, strict, timeout, proxy_info) self.scheme = 'https' # Update the connection classes to use the Googel App Engine specific ones. SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = { 'http': AppEngineHttpConnection, 'https': AppEngineHttpsConnection } except ImportError: pass class Http(object): """An HTTP client that handles: - all methods - caching - ETags - compression, - HTTPS - Basic - Digest - WSSE and more. """ def __init__(self, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False): """ The value of proxy_info is a ProxyInfo instance. If 'cache' is a string then it is used as a directory name for a disk cache. Otherwise it must be an object that supports the same interface as FileCache. All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout ca_certs is the path of a file containing root CA certificates for SSL server certificate validation. By default, a CA cert file bundled with httplib2 is used. If disable_ssl_certificate_validation is true, SSL cert validation will not be performed. """ self.proxy_info = proxy_info self.ca_certs = ca_certs self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \ disable_ssl_certificate_validation # Map domain name to an httplib connection self.connections = {} # The location of the cache, for now a directory # where cached responses are held. if cache and isinstance(cache, basestring): self.cache = FileCache(cache) else: self.cache = cache # Name/password self.credentials = Credentials() # Key/cert self.certificates = KeyCerts() # authorization objects self.authorizations = [] # If set to False then no redirects are followed, even safe ones. self.follow_redirects = True # Which HTTP methods do we apply optimistic concurrency to, i.e. # which methods get an "if-match:" etag header added to them. self.optimistic_concurrency_methods = ["PUT", "PATCH"] # If 'follow_redirects' is True, and this is set to True then # all redirecs are followed, including unsafe ones. self.follow_all_redirects = False self.ignore_etag = False self.force_exception_to_status_code = False self.timeout = timeout def _auth_from_challenge(self, host, request_uri, headers, response, content): """A generator that creates Authorization objects that can be applied to requests. """ challenges = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') for cred in self.credentials.iter(host): for scheme in AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER: if challenges.has_key(scheme): yield AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES[scheme](cred, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, self) def add_credentials(self, name, password, domain=""): """Add a name and password that will be used any time a request requires authentication.""" self.credentials.add(name, password, domain) def add_certificate(self, key, cert, domain): """Add a key and cert that will be used any time a request requires authentication.""" self.certificates.add(key, cert, domain) def clear_credentials(self): """Remove all the names and passwords that are used for authentication""" self.credentials.clear() self.authorizations = [] def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers): for i in range(2): try: if conn.sock is None: conn.connect() conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers) except socket.timeout: raise except socket.gaierror: conn.close() raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host) except ssl_SSLError: conn.close() raise except socket.error, e: err = 0 if hasattr(e, 'args'): err = getattr(e, 'args')[0] else: err = e.errno if err == errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Connection refused raise except httplib.HTTPException: # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean # that the server didn't send a response. if conn.sock is None: if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue else: conn.close() raise if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue try: response = conn.getresponse() except (socket.error, httplib.HTTPException): if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue else: raise else: content = "" if method == "HEAD": response.close() else: content = response.read() response = Response(response) if method != "HEAD": content = _decompressContent(response, content) break return (response, content) def _request(self, conn, host, absolute_uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey): """Do the actual request using the connection object and also follow one level of redirects if necessary""" auths = [(auth.depth(request_uri), auth) for auth in self.authorizations if auth.inscope(host, request_uri)] auth = auths and sorted(auths)[0][1] or None if auth: auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers) if auth: if auth.response(response, body): auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers ) response._stale_digest = 1 if response.status == 401: for authorization in self._auth_from_challenge(host, request_uri, headers, response, content): authorization.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers, ) if response.status != 401: self.authorizations.append(authorization) authorization.response(response, body) break if (self.follow_all_redirects or (method in ["GET", "HEAD"]) or response.status == 303): if self.follow_redirects and response.status in [300, 301, 302, 303, 307]: # Pick out the location header and basically start from the beginning # remembering first to strip the ETag header and decrement our 'depth' if redirections: if not response.has_key('location') and response.status != 300: raise RedirectMissingLocation( _("Redirected but the response is missing a Location: header."), response, content) # Fix-up relative redirects (which violate an RFC 2616 MUST) if response.has_key('location'): location = response['location'] (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(location) if authority == None: response['location'] = urlparse.urljoin(absolute_uri, location) if response.status == 301 and method in ["GET", "HEAD"]: response['-x-permanent-redirect-url'] = response['location'] if not response.has_key('content-location'): response['content-location'] = absolute_uri _updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey) if headers.has_key('if-none-match'): del headers['if-none-match'] if headers.has_key('if-modified-since'): del headers['if-modified-since'] if response.has_key('location'): location = response['location'] old_response = copy.deepcopy(response) if not old_response.has_key('content-location'): old_response['content-location'] = absolute_uri redirect_method = method if response.status in [302, 303]: redirect_method = "GET" body = None (response, content) = self.request(location, redirect_method, body=body, headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1) response.previous = old_response else: raise RedirectLimit("Redirected more times than rediection_limit allows.", response, content) elif response.status in [200, 203] and method in ["GET", "HEAD"]: # Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to handle byte range requests if not response.has_key('content-location'): response['content-location'] = absolute_uri _updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey) return (response, content) def _normalize_headers(self, headers): return _normalize_headers(headers) # Need to catch and rebrand some exceptions # Then need to optionally turn all exceptions into status codes # including all socket.* and httplib.* exceptions. def request(self, uri, method="GET", body=None, headers=None, redirections=DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """ Performs a single HTTP request. The 'uri' is the URI of the HTTP resource and can begin with either 'http' or 'https'. The value of 'uri' must be an absolute URI. The 'method' is the HTTP method to perform, such as GET, POST, DELETE, etc. There is no restriction on the methods allowed. The 'body' is the entity body to be sent with the request. It is a string object. Any extra headers that are to be sent with the request should be provided in the 'headers' dictionary. The maximum number of redirect to follow before raising an exception is 'redirections. The default is 5. The return value is a tuple of (response, content), the first being and instance of the 'Response' class, the second being a string that contains the response entity body. """ try: if headers is None: headers = {} else: headers = self._normalize_headers(headers) if not headers.has_key('user-agent'): headers['user-agent'] = "Python-httplib2/%s (gzip)" % __version__ uri = iri2uri(uri) (scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri) = urlnorm(uri) domain_port = authority.split(":")[0:2] if len(domain_port) == 2 and domain_port[1] == '443' and scheme == 'http': scheme = 'https' authority = domain_port[0] conn_key = scheme+":"+authority if conn_key in self.connections: conn = self.connections[conn_key] else: if not connection_type: connection_type = SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION[scheme] certs = list(self.certificates.iter(authority)) if issubclass(connection_type, HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout): if certs: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, key_file=certs[0][0], cert_file=certs[0][1], timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info, ca_certs=self.ca_certs, disable_ssl_certificate_validation= self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation) else: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info, ca_certs=self.ca_certs, disable_ssl_certificate_validation= self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation) else: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info) conn.set_debuglevel(debuglevel) if 'range' not in headers and 'accept-encoding' not in headers: headers['accept-encoding'] = 'gzip, deflate' info = email.Message.Message() cached_value = None if self.cache: cachekey = defrag_uri cached_value = self.cache.get(cachekey) if cached_value: # info = email.message_from_string(cached_value) # # Need to replace the line above with the kludge below # to fix the non-existent bug not fixed in this # bug report: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2005-September/030289.html try: info, content = cached_value.split('\r\n\r\n', 1) feedparser = email.FeedParser.FeedParser() feedparser.feed(info) info = feedparser.close() feedparser._parse = None except IndexError: self.cache.delete(cachekey) cachekey = None cached_value = None else: cachekey = None if method in self.optimistic_concurrency_methods and self.cache and info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and 'if-match' not in headers: # http://www.w3.org/1999/04/Editing/ headers['if-match'] = info['etag'] if method not in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and cachekey: # RFC 2616 Section 13.10 self.cache.delete(cachekey) # Check the vary header in the cache to see if this request # matches what varies in the cache. if method in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and 'vary' in info: vary = info['vary'] vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',') for header in vary_headers: key = '-varied-%s' % header value = info[key] if headers.get(header, None) != value: cached_value = None break if cached_value and method in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and 'range' not in headers: if info.has_key('-x-permanent-redirect-url'): # Should cached permanent redirects be counted in our redirection count? For now, yes. if redirections <= 0: raise RedirectLimit("Redirected more times than rediection_limit allows.", {}, "") (response, new_content) = self.request(info['-x-permanent-redirect-url'], "GET", headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1) response.previous = Response(info) response.previous.fromcache = True else: # Determine our course of action: # Is the cached entry fresh or stale? # Has the client requested a non-cached response? # # There seems to be three possible answers: # 1. [FRESH] Return the cache entry w/o doing a GET # 2. [STALE] Do the GET (but add in cache validators if available) # 3. [TRANSPARENT] Do a GET w/o any cache validators (Cache-Control: no-cache) on the request entry_disposition = _entry_disposition(info, headers) if entry_disposition == "FRESH": if not cached_value: info['status'] = '504' content = "" response = Response(info) if cached_value: response.fromcache = True return (response, content) if entry_disposition == "STALE": if info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and not 'if-none-match' in headers: headers['if-none-match'] = info['etag'] if info.has_key('last-modified') and not 'last-modified' in headers: headers['if-modified-since'] = info['last-modified'] elif entry_disposition == "TRANSPARENT": pass (response, new_content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey) if response.status == 304 and method == "GET": # Rewrite the cache entry with the new end-to-end headers # Take all headers that are in response # and overwrite their values in info. # unless they are hop-by-hop, or are listed in the connection header. for key in _get_end2end_headers(response): info[key] = response[key] merged_response = Response(info) if hasattr(response, "_stale_digest"): merged_response._stale_digest = response._stale_digest _updateCache(headers, merged_response, content, self.cache, cachekey) response = merged_response response.status = 200 response.fromcache = True elif response.status == 200: content = new_content else: self.cache.delete(cachekey) content = new_content else: cc = _parse_cache_control(headers) if cc.has_key('only-if-cached'): info['status'] = '504' response = Response(info) content = "" else: (response, content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey) except Exception, e: if self.force_exception_to_status_code: if isinstance(e, HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): response = e.response content = e.content response.status = 500 response.reason = str(e) elif isinstance(e, socket.timeout): content = "Request Timeout" response = Response( { "content-type": "text/plain", "status": "408", "content-length": len(content) }) response.reason = "Request Timeout" else: content = str(e) response = Response( { "content-type": "text/plain", "status": "400", "content-length": len(content) }) response.reason = "Bad Request" else: raise return (response, content) class Response(dict): """An object more like email.Message than httplib.HTTPResponse.""" """Is this response from our local cache""" fromcache = False """HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1. """ version = 11 "Status code returned by server. " status = 200 """Reason phrase returned by server.""" reason = "Ok" previous = None def __init__(self, info): # info is either an email.Message or # an httplib.HTTPResponse object. if isinstance(info, httplib.HTTPResponse): for key, value in info.getheaders(): self[key.lower()] = value self.status = info.status self['status'] = str(self.status) self.reason = info.reason self.version = info.version elif isinstance(info, email.Message.Message): for key, value in info.items(): self[key] = value self.status = int(self['status']) else: for key, value in info.iteritems(): self[key] = value self.status = int(self.get('status', self.status)) def __getattr__(self, name): if name == 'dict': return self else: raise AttributeError, name
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright (c) 2002, Google Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # # --- # Author: Chad Lester # Design and style contributions by: # Amit Patel, Bogdan Cocosel, Daniel Dulitz, Eric Tiedemann, # Eric Veach, Laurence Gonsalves, Matthew Springer # Code reorganized a bit by Craig Silverstein """This module is used to define and parse command line flags. This module defines a *distributed* flag-definition policy: rather than an application having to define all flags in or near main(), each python module defines flags that are useful to it. When one python module imports another, it gains access to the other's flags. (This is implemented by having all modules share a common, global registry object containing all the flag information.) Flags are defined through the use of one of the DEFINE_xxx functions. The specific function used determines how the flag is parsed, checked, and optionally type-converted, when it's seen on the command line. IMPLEMENTATION: DEFINE_* creates a 'Flag' object and registers it with a 'FlagValues' object (typically the global FlagValues FLAGS, defined here). The 'FlagValues' object can scan the command line arguments and pass flag arguments to the corresponding 'Flag' objects for value-checking and type conversion. The converted flag values are available as attributes of the 'FlagValues' object. Code can access the flag through a FlagValues object, for instance gflags.FLAGS.myflag. Typically, the __main__ module passes the command line arguments to gflags.FLAGS for parsing. At bottom, this module calls getopt(), so getopt functionality is supported, including short- and long-style flags, and the use of -- to terminate flags. Methods defined by the flag module will throw 'FlagsError' exceptions. The exception argument will be a human-readable string. FLAG TYPES: This is a list of the DEFINE_*'s that you can do. All flags take a name, default value, help-string, and optional 'short' name (one-letter name). Some flags have other arguments, which are described with the flag. DEFINE_string: takes any input, and interprets it as a string. DEFINE_bool or DEFINE_boolean: typically does not take an argument: say --myflag to set FLAGS.myflag to true, or --nomyflag to set FLAGS.myflag to false. Alternately, you can say --myflag=true or --myflag=t or --myflag=1 or --myflag=false or --myflag=f or --myflag=0 DEFINE_float: takes an input and interprets it as a floating point number. Takes optional args lower_bound and upper_bound; if the number specified on the command line is out of range, it will raise a FlagError. DEFINE_integer: takes an input and interprets it as an integer. Takes optional args lower_bound and upper_bound as for floats. DEFINE_enum: takes a list of strings which represents legal values. If the command-line value is not in this list, raise a flag error. Otherwise, assign to FLAGS.flag as a string. DEFINE_list: Takes a comma-separated list of strings on the commandline. Stores them in a python list object. DEFINE_spaceseplist: Takes a space-separated list of strings on the commandline. Stores them in a python list object. Example: --myspacesepflag "foo bar baz" DEFINE_multistring: The same as DEFINE_string, except the flag can be specified more than once on the commandline. The result is a python list object (list of strings), even if the flag is only on the command line once. DEFINE_multi_int: The same as DEFINE_integer, except the flag can be specified more than once on the commandline. The result is a python list object (list of ints), even if the flag is only on the command line once. SPECIAL FLAGS: There are a few flags that have special meaning: --help prints a list of all the flags in a human-readable fashion --helpshort prints a list of all key flags (see below). --helpxml prints a list of all flags, in XML format. DO NOT parse the output of --help and --helpshort. Instead, parse the output of --helpxml. For more info, see "OUTPUT FOR --helpxml" below. --flagfile=foo read flags from file foo. --undefok=f1,f2 ignore unrecognized option errors for f1,f2. For boolean flags, you should use --undefok=boolflag, and --boolflag and --noboolflag will be accepted. Do not use --undefok=noboolflag. -- as in getopt(), terminates flag-processing FLAGS VALIDATORS: If your program: - requires flag X to be specified - needs flag Y to match a regular expression - or requires any more general constraint to be satisfied then validators are for you! Each validator represents a constraint over one flag, which is enforced starting from the initial parsing of the flags and until the program terminates. Also, lower_bound and upper_bound for numerical flags are enforced using flag validators. Howto: If you want to enforce a constraint over one flag, use gflags.RegisterValidator(flag_name, checker, message='Flag validation failed', flag_values=FLAGS) After flag values are initially parsed, and after any change to the specified flag, method checker(flag_value) will be executed. If constraint is not satisfied, an IllegalFlagValue exception will be raised. See RegisterValidator's docstring for a detailed explanation on how to construct your own checker. EXAMPLE USAGE: FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS gflags.DEFINE_integer('my_version', 0, 'Version number.') gflags.DEFINE_string('filename', None, 'Input file name', short_name='f') gflags.RegisterValidator('my_version', lambda value: value % 2 == 0, message='--my_version must be divisible by 2') gflags.MarkFlagAsRequired('filename') NOTE ON --flagfile: Flags may be loaded from text files in addition to being specified on the commandline. Any flags you don't feel like typing, throw them in a file, one flag per line, for instance: --myflag=myvalue --nomyboolean_flag You then specify your file with the special flag '--flagfile=somefile'. You CAN recursively nest flagfile= tokens OR use multiple files on the command line. Lines beginning with a single hash '#' or a double slash '//' are comments in your flagfile. Any flagfile=<file> will be interpreted as having a relative path from the current working directory rather than from the place the file was included from: myPythonScript.py --flagfile=config/somefile.cfg If somefile.cfg includes further --flagfile= directives, these will be referenced relative to the original CWD, not from the directory the including flagfile was found in! The caveat applies to people who are including a series of nested files in a different dir than they are executing out of. Relative path names are always from CWD, not from the directory of the parent include flagfile. We do now support '~' expanded directory names. Absolute path names ALWAYS work! EXAMPLE USAGE: FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS # Flag names are globally defined! So in general, we need to be # careful to pick names that are unlikely to be used by other libraries. # If there is a conflict, we'll get an error at import time. gflags.DEFINE_string('name', 'Mr. President', 'your name') gflags.DEFINE_integer('age', None, 'your age in years', lower_bound=0) gflags.DEFINE_boolean('debug', False, 'produces debugging output') gflags.DEFINE_enum('gender', 'male', ['male', 'female'], 'your gender') def main(argv): try: argv = FLAGS(argv) # parse flags except gflags.FlagsError, e: print '%s\\nUsage: %s ARGS\\n%s' % (e, sys.argv[0], FLAGS) sys.exit(1) if FLAGS.debug: print 'non-flag arguments:', argv print 'Happy Birthday', FLAGS.name if FLAGS.age is not None: print 'You are a %d year old %s' % (FLAGS.age, FLAGS.gender) if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv) KEY FLAGS: As we already explained, each module gains access to all flags defined by all the other modules it transitively imports. In the case of non-trivial scripts, this means a lot of flags ... For documentation purposes, it is good to identify the flags that are key (i.e., really important) to a module. Clearly, the concept of "key flag" is a subjective one. When trying to determine whether a flag is key to a module or not, assume that you are trying to explain your module to a potential user: which flags would you really like to mention first? We'll describe shortly how to declare which flags are key to a module. For the moment, assume we know the set of key flags for each module. Then, if you use the app.py module, you can use the --helpshort flag to print only the help for the flags that are key to the main module, in a human-readable format. NOTE: If you need to parse the flag help, do NOT use the output of --help / --helpshort. That output is meant for human consumption, and may be changed in the future. Instead, use --helpxml; flags that are key for the main module are marked there with a <key>yes</key> element. The set of key flags for a module M is composed of: 1. Flags defined by module M by calling a DEFINE_* function. 2. Flags that module M explictly declares as key by using the function DECLARE_key_flag(<flag_name>) 3. Key flags of other modules that M specifies by using the function ADOPT_module_key_flags(<other_module>) This is a "bulk" declaration of key flags: each flag that is key for <other_module> becomes key for the current module too. Notice that if you do not use the functions described at points 2 and 3 above, then --helpshort prints information only about the flags defined by the main module of our script. In many cases, this behavior is good enough. But if you move part of the main module code (together with the related flags) into a different module, then it is nice to use DECLARE_key_flag / ADOPT_module_key_flags and make sure --helpshort lists all relevant flags (otherwise, your code refactoring may confuse your users). Note: each of DECLARE_key_flag / ADOPT_module_key_flags has its own pluses and minuses: DECLARE_key_flag is more targeted and may lead a more focused --helpshort documentation. ADOPT_module_key_flags is good for cases when an entire module is considered key to the current script. Also, it does not require updates to client scripts when a new flag is added to the module. EXAMPLE USAGE 2 (WITH KEY FLAGS): Consider an application that contains the following three files (two auxiliary modules and a main module) File libfoo.py: import gflags gflags.DEFINE_integer('num_replicas', 3, 'Number of replicas to start') gflags.DEFINE_boolean('rpc2', True, 'Turn on the usage of RPC2.') ... some code ... File libbar.py: import gflags gflags.DEFINE_string('bar_gfs_path', '/gfs/path', 'Path to the GFS files for libbar.') gflags.DEFINE_string('email_for_bar_errors', 'bar-team@google.com', 'Email address for bug reports about module libbar.') gflags.DEFINE_boolean('bar_risky_hack', False, 'Turn on an experimental and buggy optimization.') ... some code ... File myscript.py: import gflags import libfoo import libbar gflags.DEFINE_integer('num_iterations', 0, 'Number of iterations.') # Declare that all flags that are key for libfoo are # key for this module too. gflags.ADOPT_module_key_flags(libfoo) # Declare that the flag --bar_gfs_path (defined in libbar) is key # for this module. gflags.DECLARE_key_flag('bar_gfs_path') ... some code ... When myscript is invoked with the flag --helpshort, the resulted help message lists information about all the key flags for myscript: --num_iterations, --num_replicas, --rpc2, and --bar_gfs_path. Of course, myscript uses all the flags declared by it (in this case, just --num_replicas) or by any of the modules it transitively imports (e.g., the modules libfoo, libbar). E.g., it can access the value of FLAGS.bar_risky_hack, even if --bar_risky_hack is not declared as a key flag for myscript. OUTPUT FOR --helpxml: The --helpxml flag generates output with the following structure: <?xml version="1.0"?> <AllFlags> <program>PROGRAM_BASENAME</program> <usage>MAIN_MODULE_DOCSTRING</usage> (<flag> [<key>yes</key>] <file>DECLARING_MODULE</file> <name>FLAG_NAME</name> <meaning>FLAG_HELP_MESSAGE</meaning> <default>DEFAULT_FLAG_VALUE</default> <current>CURRENT_FLAG_VALUE</current> <type>FLAG_TYPE</type> [OPTIONAL_ELEMENTS] </flag>)* </AllFlags> Notes: 1. The output is intentionally similar to the output generated by the C++ command-line flag library. The few differences are due to the Python flags that do not have a C++ equivalent (at least not yet), e.g., DEFINE_list. 2. New XML elements may be added in the future. 3. DEFAULT_FLAG_VALUE is in serialized form, i.e., the string you can pass for this flag on the command-line. E.g., for a flag defined using DEFINE_list, this field may be foo,bar, not ['foo', 'bar']. 4. CURRENT_FLAG_VALUE is produced using str(). This means that the string 'false' will be represented in the same way as the boolean False. Using repr() would have removed this ambiguity and simplified parsing, but would have broken the compatibility with the C++ command-line flags. 5. OPTIONAL_ELEMENTS describe elements relevant for certain kinds of flags: lower_bound, upper_bound (for flags that specify bounds), enum_value (for enum flags), list_separator (for flags that consist of a list of values, separated by a special token). 6. We do not provide any example here: please use --helpxml instead. This module requires at least python 2.2.1 to run. """ import cgi import getopt import os import re import string import struct import sys # pylint: disable-msg=C6204 try: import fcntl except ImportError: fcntl = None try: # Importing termios will fail on non-unix platforms. import termios except ImportError: termios = None import gflags_validators # pylint: enable-msg=C6204 # Are we running under pychecker? _RUNNING_PYCHECKER = 'pychecker.python' in sys.modules def _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(): """Returns the module that's calling into this module. We generally use this function to get the name of the module calling a DEFINE_foo... function. """ # Walk down the stack to find the first globals dict that's not ours. for depth in range(1, sys.getrecursionlimit()): if not sys._getframe(depth).f_globals is globals(): globals_for_frame = sys._getframe(depth).f_globals module, module_name = _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_for_frame) if module_name is not None: return module, module_name raise AssertionError("No module was found") def _GetCallingModule(): """Returns the name of the module that's calling into this module.""" return _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName()[1] def _GetThisModuleObjectAndName(): """Returns: (module object, module name) for this module.""" return _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals()) # module exceptions: class FlagsError(Exception): """The base class for all flags errors.""" pass class DuplicateFlag(FlagsError): """Raised if there is a flag naming conflict.""" pass class CantOpenFlagFileError(FlagsError): """Raised if flagfile fails to open: doesn't exist, wrong permissions, etc.""" pass class DuplicateFlagCannotPropagateNoneToSwig(DuplicateFlag): """Special case of DuplicateFlag -- SWIG flag value can't be set to None. This can be raised when a duplicate flag is created. Even if allow_override is True, we still abort if the new value is None, because it's currently impossible to pass None default value back to SWIG. See FlagValues.SetDefault for details. """ pass class DuplicateFlagError(DuplicateFlag): """A DuplicateFlag whose message cites the conflicting definitions. A DuplicateFlagError conveys more information than a DuplicateFlag, namely the modules where the conflicting definitions occur. This class was created to avoid breaking external modules which depend on the existing DuplicateFlags interface. """ def __init__(self, flagname, flag_values, other_flag_values=None): """Create a DuplicateFlagError. Args: flagname: Name of the flag being redefined. flag_values: FlagValues object containing the first definition of flagname. other_flag_values: If this argument is not None, it should be the FlagValues object where the second definition of flagname occurs. If it is None, we assume that we're being called when attempting to create the flag a second time, and we use the module calling this one as the source of the second definition. """ self.flagname = flagname first_module = flag_values.FindModuleDefiningFlag( flagname, default='<unknown>') if other_flag_values is None: second_module = _GetCallingModule() else: second_module = other_flag_values.FindModuleDefiningFlag( flagname, default='<unknown>') msg = "The flag '%s' is defined twice. First from %s, Second from %s" % ( self.flagname, first_module, second_module) DuplicateFlag.__init__(self, msg) class IllegalFlagValue(FlagsError): """The flag command line argument is illegal.""" pass class UnrecognizedFlag(FlagsError): """Raised if a flag is unrecognized.""" pass # An UnrecognizedFlagError conveys more information than an UnrecognizedFlag. # Since there are external modules that create DuplicateFlags, the interface to # DuplicateFlag shouldn't change. The flagvalue will be assigned the full value # of the flag and its argument, if any, allowing handling of unrecognized flags # in an exception handler. # If flagvalue is the empty string, then this exception is an due to a # reference to a flag that was not already defined. class UnrecognizedFlagError(UnrecognizedFlag): def __init__(self, flagname, flagvalue=''): self.flagname = flagname self.flagvalue = flagvalue UnrecognizedFlag.__init__( self, "Unknown command line flag '%s'" % flagname) # Global variable used by expvar _exported_flags = {} _help_width = 80 # width of help output def GetHelpWidth(): """Returns: an integer, the width of help lines that is used in TextWrap.""" if (not sys.stdout.isatty()) or (termios is None) or (fcntl is None): return _help_width try: data = fcntl.ioctl(sys.stdout, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234') columns = struct.unpack('hh', data)[1] # Emacs mode returns 0. # Here we assume that any value below 40 is unreasonable if columns >= 40: return columns # Returning an int as default is fine, int(int) just return the int. return int(os.getenv('COLUMNS', _help_width)) except (TypeError, IOError, struct.error): return _help_width def CutCommonSpacePrefix(text): """Removes a common space prefix from the lines of a multiline text. If the first line does not start with a space, it is left as it is and only in the remaining lines a common space prefix is being searched for. That means the first line will stay untouched. This is especially useful to turn doc strings into help texts. This is because some people prefer to have the doc comment start already after the apostrophe and then align the following lines while others have the apostrophes on a separate line. The function also drops trailing empty lines and ignores empty lines following the initial content line while calculating the initial common whitespace. Args: text: text to work on Returns: the resulting text """ text_lines = text.splitlines() # Drop trailing empty lines while text_lines and not text_lines[-1]: text_lines = text_lines[:-1] if text_lines: # We got some content, is the first line starting with a space? if text_lines[0] and text_lines[0][0].isspace(): text_first_line = [] else: text_first_line = [text_lines.pop(0)] # Calculate length of common leading whitespace (only over content lines) common_prefix = os.path.commonprefix([line for line in text_lines if line]) space_prefix_len = len(common_prefix) - len(common_prefix.lstrip()) # If we have a common space prefix, drop it from all lines if space_prefix_len: for index in xrange(len(text_lines)): if text_lines[index]: text_lines[index] = text_lines[index][space_prefix_len:] return '\n'.join(text_first_line + text_lines) return '' def TextWrap(text, length=None, indent='', firstline_indent=None, tabs=' '): """Wraps a given text to a maximum line length and returns it. We turn lines that only contain whitespace into empty lines. We keep new lines and tabs (e.g., we do not treat tabs as spaces). Args: text: text to wrap length: maximum length of a line, includes indentation if this is None then use GetHelpWidth() indent: indent for all but first line firstline_indent: indent for first line; if None, fall back to indent tabs: replacement for tabs Returns: wrapped text Raises: FlagsError: if indent not shorter than length FlagsError: if firstline_indent not shorter than length """ # Get defaults where callee used None if length is None: length = GetHelpWidth() if indent is None: indent = '' if len(indent) >= length: raise FlagsError('Indent must be shorter than length') # In line we will be holding the current line which is to be started # with indent (or firstline_indent if available) and then appended # with words. if firstline_indent is None: firstline_indent = '' line = indent else: line = firstline_indent if len(firstline_indent) >= length: raise FlagsError('First line indent must be shorter than length') # If the callee does not care about tabs we simply convert them to # spaces If callee wanted tabs to be single space then we do that # already here. if not tabs or tabs == ' ': text = text.replace('\t', ' ') else: tabs_are_whitespace = not tabs.strip() line_regex = re.compile('([ ]*)(\t*)([^ \t]+)', re.MULTILINE) # Split the text into lines and the lines with the regex above. The # resulting lines are collected in result[]. For each split we get the # spaces, the tabs and the next non white space (e.g. next word). result = [] for text_line in text.splitlines(): # Store result length so we can find out whether processing the next # line gave any new content old_result_len = len(result) # Process next line with line_regex. For optimization we do an rstrip(). # - process tabs (changes either line or word, see below) # - process word (first try to squeeze on line, then wrap or force wrap) # Spaces found on the line are ignored, they get added while wrapping as # needed. for spaces, current_tabs, word in line_regex.findall(text_line.rstrip()): # If tabs weren't converted to spaces, handle them now if current_tabs: # If the last thing we added was a space anyway then drop # it. But let's not get rid of the indentation. if (((result and line != indent) or (not result and line != firstline_indent)) and line[-1] == ' '): line = line[:-1] # Add the tabs, if that means adding whitespace, just add it at # the line, the rstrip() code while shorten the line down if # necessary if tabs_are_whitespace: line += tabs * len(current_tabs) else: # if not all tab replacement is whitespace we prepend it to the word word = tabs * len(current_tabs) + word # Handle the case where word cannot be squeezed onto current last line if len(line) + len(word) > length and len(indent) + len(word) <= length: result.append(line.rstrip()) line = indent + word word = '' # No space left on line or can we append a space? if len(line) + 1 >= length: result.append(line.rstrip()) line = indent else: line += ' ' # Add word and shorten it up to allowed line length. Restart next # line with indent and repeat, or add a space if we're done (word # finished) This deals with words that cannot fit on one line # (e.g. indent + word longer than allowed line length). while len(line) + len(word) >= length: line += word result.append(line[:length]) word = line[length:] line = indent # Default case, simply append the word and a space if word: line += word + ' ' # End of input line. If we have content we finish the line. If the # current line is just the indent but we had content in during this # original line then we need to add an empty line. if (result and line != indent) or (not result and line != firstline_indent): result.append(line.rstrip()) elif len(result) == old_result_len: result.append('') line = indent return '\n'.join(result) def DocToHelp(doc): """Takes a __doc__ string and reformats it as help.""" # Get rid of starting and ending white space. Using lstrip() or even # strip() could drop more than maximum of first line and right space # of last line. doc = doc.strip() # Get rid of all empty lines whitespace_only_line = re.compile('^[ \t]+$', re.M) doc = whitespace_only_line.sub('', doc) # Cut out common space at line beginnings doc = CutCommonSpacePrefix(doc) # Just like this module's comment, comments tend to be aligned somehow. # In other words they all start with the same amount of white space # 1) keep double new lines # 2) keep ws after new lines if not empty line # 3) all other new lines shall be changed to a space # Solution: Match new lines between non white space and replace with space. doc = re.sub('(?<=\S)\n(?=\S)', ' ', doc, re.M) return doc def _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_dict): """Returns the module that defines a global environment, and its name. Args: globals_dict: A dictionary that should correspond to an environment providing the values of the globals. Returns: A pair consisting of (1) module object and (2) module name (a string). Returns (None, None) if the module could not be identified. """ # The use of .items() (instead of .iteritems()) is NOT a mistake: if # a parallel thread imports a module while we iterate over # .iteritems() (not nice, but possible), we get a RuntimeError ... # Hence, we use the slightly slower but safer .items(). for name, module in sys.modules.items(): if getattr(module, '__dict__', None) is globals_dict: if name == '__main__': # Pick a more informative name for the main module. name = sys.argv[0] return (module, name) return (None, None) def _GetMainModule(): """Returns: string, name of the module from which execution started.""" # First, try to use the same logic used by _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(), # i.e., call _GetModuleObjectAndName(). For that we first need to # find the dictionary that the main module uses to store the # globals. # # That's (normally) the same dictionary object that the deepest # (oldest) stack frame is using for globals. deepest_frame = sys._getframe(0) while deepest_frame.f_back is not None: deepest_frame = deepest_frame.f_back globals_for_main_module = deepest_frame.f_globals main_module_name = _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_for_main_module)[1] # The above strategy fails in some cases (e.g., tools that compute # code coverage by redefining, among other things, the main module). # If so, just use sys.argv[0]. We can probably always do this, but # it's safest to try to use the same logic as _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() if main_module_name is None: main_module_name = sys.argv[0] return main_module_name class FlagValues: """Registry of 'Flag' objects. A 'FlagValues' can then scan command line arguments, passing flag arguments through to the 'Flag' objects that it owns. It also provides easy access to the flag values. Typically only one 'FlagValues' object is needed by an application: gflags.FLAGS This class is heavily overloaded: 'Flag' objects are registered via __setitem__: FLAGS['longname'] = x # register a new flag The .value attribute of the registered 'Flag' objects can be accessed as attributes of this 'FlagValues' object, through __getattr__. Both the long and short name of the original 'Flag' objects can be used to access its value: FLAGS.longname # parsed flag value FLAGS.x # parsed flag value (short name) Command line arguments are scanned and passed to the registered 'Flag' objects through the __call__ method. Unparsed arguments, including argv[0] (e.g. the program name) are returned. argv = FLAGS(sys.argv) # scan command line arguments The original registered Flag objects can be retrieved through the use of the dictionary-like operator, __getitem__: x = FLAGS['longname'] # access the registered Flag object The str() operator of a 'FlagValues' object provides help for all of the registered 'Flag' objects. """ def __init__(self): # Since everything in this class is so heavily overloaded, the only # way of defining and using fields is to access __dict__ directly. # Dictionary: flag name (string) -> Flag object. self.__dict__['__flags'] = {} # Dictionary: module name (string) -> list of Flag objects that are defined # by that module. self.__dict__['__flags_by_module'] = {} # Dictionary: module id (int) -> list of Flag objects that are defined by # that module. self.__dict__['__flags_by_module_id'] = {} # Dictionary: module name (string) -> list of Flag objects that are # key for that module. self.__dict__['__key_flags_by_module'] = {} # Set if we should use new style gnu_getopt rather than getopt when parsing # the args. Only possible with Python 2.3+ self.UseGnuGetOpt(False) def UseGnuGetOpt(self, use_gnu_getopt=True): """Use GNU-style scanning. Allows mixing of flag and non-flag arguments. See http://docs.python.org/library/getopt.html#getopt.gnu_getopt Args: use_gnu_getopt: wether or not to use GNU style scanning. """ self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt'] = use_gnu_getopt def IsGnuGetOpt(self): return self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt'] def FlagDict(self): return self.__dict__['__flags'] def FlagsByModuleDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_name -> list of defined flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module names (strings). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__flags_by_module'] def FlagsByModuleIdDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_id -> list of defined flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module IDs (ints). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__flags_by_module_id'] def KeyFlagsByModuleDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_name -> list of key flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module names (strings). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__key_flags_by_module'] def _RegisterFlagByModule(self, module_name, flag): """Records the module that defines a specific flag. We keep track of which flag is defined by which module so that we can later sort the flags by module. Args: module_name: A string, the name of a Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() flags_by_module.setdefault(module_name, []).append(flag) def _RegisterFlagByModuleId(self, module_id, flag): """Records the module that defines a specific flag. Args: module_id: An int, the ID of the Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ flags_by_module_id = self.FlagsByModuleIdDict() flags_by_module_id.setdefault(module_id, []).append(flag) def _RegisterKeyFlagForModule(self, module_name, flag): """Specifies that a flag is a key flag for a module. Args: module_name: A string, the name of a Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ key_flags_by_module = self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict() # The list of key flags for the module named module_name. key_flags = key_flags_by_module.setdefault(module_name, []) # Add flag, but avoid duplicates. if flag not in key_flags: key_flags.append(flag) def _GetFlagsDefinedByModule(self, module): """Returns the list of flags defined by a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). Returns: A new list of Flag objects. Caller may update this list as he wishes: none of those changes will affect the internals of this FlagValue object. """ if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ return list(self.FlagsByModuleDict().get(module, [])) def _GetKeyFlagsForModule(self, module): """Returns the list of key flags for a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string) Returns: A new list of Flag objects. Caller may update this list as he wishes: none of those changes will affect the internals of this FlagValue object. """ if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ # Any flag is a key flag for the module that defined it. NOTE: # key_flags is a fresh list: we can update it without affecting the # internals of this FlagValues object. key_flags = self._GetFlagsDefinedByModule(module) # Take into account flags explicitly declared as key for a module. for flag in self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict().get(module, []): if flag not in key_flags: key_flags.append(flag) return key_flags def FindModuleDefiningFlag(self, flagname, default=None): """Return the name of the module defining this flag, or default. Args: flagname: Name of the flag to lookup. default: Value to return if flagname is not defined. Defaults to None. Returns: The name of the module which registered the flag with this name. If no such module exists (i.e. no flag with this name exists), we return default. """ for module, flags in self.FlagsByModuleDict().iteritems(): for flag in flags: if flag.name == flagname or flag.short_name == flagname: return module return default def FindModuleIdDefiningFlag(self, flagname, default=None): """Return the ID of the module defining this flag, or default. Args: flagname: Name of the flag to lookup. default: Value to return if flagname is not defined. Defaults to None. Returns: The ID of the module which registered the flag with this name. If no such module exists (i.e. no flag with this name exists), we return default. """ for module_id, flags in self.FlagsByModuleIdDict().iteritems(): for flag in flags: if flag.name == flagname or flag.short_name == flagname: return module_id return default def AppendFlagValues(self, flag_values): """Appends flags registered in another FlagValues instance. Args: flag_values: registry to copy from """ for flag_name, flag in flag_values.FlagDict().iteritems(): # Each flags with shortname appears here twice (once under its # normal name, and again with its short name). To prevent # problems (DuplicateFlagError) with double flag registration, we # perform a check to make sure that the entry we're looking at is # for its normal name. if flag_name == flag.name: try: self[flag_name] = flag except DuplicateFlagError: raise DuplicateFlagError(flag_name, self, other_flag_values=flag_values) def RemoveFlagValues(self, flag_values): """Remove flags that were previously appended from another FlagValues. Args: flag_values: registry containing flags to remove. """ for flag_name in flag_values.FlagDict(): self.__delattr__(flag_name) def __setitem__(self, name, flag): """Registers a new flag variable.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if not isinstance(flag, Flag): raise IllegalFlagValue(flag) if not isinstance(name, type("")): raise FlagsError("Flag name must be a string") if len(name) == 0: raise FlagsError("Flag name cannot be empty") # If running under pychecker, duplicate keys are likely to be # defined. Disable check for duplicate keys when pycheck'ing. if (name in fl and not flag.allow_override and not fl[name].allow_override and not _RUNNING_PYCHECKER): module, module_name = _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() if (self.FindModuleDefiningFlag(name) == module_name and id(module) != self.FindModuleIdDefiningFlag(name)): # If the flag has already been defined by a module with the same name, # but a different ID, we can stop here because it indicates that the # module is simply being imported a subsequent time. return raise DuplicateFlagError(name, self) short_name = flag.short_name if short_name is not None: if (short_name in fl and not flag.allow_override and not fl[short_name].allow_override and not _RUNNING_PYCHECKER): raise DuplicateFlagError(short_name, self) fl[short_name] = flag fl[name] = flag global _exported_flags _exported_flags[name] = flag def __getitem__(self, name): """Retrieves the Flag object for the flag --name.""" return self.FlagDict()[name] def __getattr__(self, name): """Retrieves the 'value' attribute of the flag --name.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if name not in fl: raise AttributeError(name) return fl[name].value def __setattr__(self, name, value): """Sets the 'value' attribute of the flag --name.""" fl = self.FlagDict() fl[name].value = value self._AssertValidators(fl[name].validators) return value def _AssertAllValidators(self): all_validators = set() for flag in self.FlagDict().itervalues(): for validator in flag.validators: all_validators.add(validator) self._AssertValidators(all_validators) def _AssertValidators(self, validators): """Assert if all validators in the list are satisfied. Asserts validators in the order they were created. Args: validators: Iterable(gflags_validators.Validator), validators to be verified Raises: AttributeError: if validators work with a non-existing flag. IllegalFlagValue: if validation fails for at least one validator """ for validator in sorted( validators, key=lambda validator: validator.insertion_index): try: validator.Verify(self) except gflags_validators.Error, e: message = validator.PrintFlagsWithValues(self) raise IllegalFlagValue('%s: %s' % (message, str(e))) def _FlagIsRegistered(self, flag_obj): """Checks whether a Flag object is registered under some name. Note: this is non trivial: in addition to its normal name, a flag may have a short name too. In self.FlagDict(), both the normal and the short name are mapped to the same flag object. E.g., calling only "del FLAGS.short_name" is not unregistering the corresponding Flag object (it is still registered under the longer name). Args: flag_obj: A Flag object. Returns: A boolean: True iff flag_obj is registered under some name. """ flag_dict = self.FlagDict() # Check whether flag_obj is registered under its long name. name = flag_obj.name if flag_dict.get(name, None) == flag_obj: return True # Check whether flag_obj is registered under its short name. short_name = flag_obj.short_name if (short_name is not None and flag_dict.get(short_name, None) == flag_obj): return True # The flag cannot be registered under any other name, so we do not # need to do a full search through the values of self.FlagDict(). return False def __delattr__(self, flag_name): """Deletes a previously-defined flag from a flag object. This method makes sure we can delete a flag by using del flag_values_object.<flag_name> E.g., gflags.DEFINE_integer('foo', 1, 'Integer flag.') del gflags.FLAGS.foo Args: flag_name: A string, the name of the flag to be deleted. Raises: AttributeError: When there is no registered flag named flag_name. """ fl = self.FlagDict() if flag_name not in fl: raise AttributeError(flag_name) flag_obj = fl[flag_name] del fl[flag_name] if not self._FlagIsRegistered(flag_obj): # If the Flag object indicated by flag_name is no longer # registered (please see the docstring of _FlagIsRegistered), then # we delete the occurrences of the flag object in all our internal # dictionaries. self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.FlagsByModuleDict(), flag_obj) self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.FlagsByModuleIdDict(), flag_obj) self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict(), flag_obj) def __RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self, flags_by_module_dict, flag_obj): """Removes a flag object from a module -> list of flags dictionary. Args: flags_by_module_dict: A dictionary that maps module names to lists of flags. flag_obj: A flag object. """ for unused_module, flags_in_module in flags_by_module_dict.iteritems(): # while (as opposed to if) takes care of multiple occurrences of a # flag in the list for the same module. while flag_obj in flags_in_module: flags_in_module.remove(flag_obj) def SetDefault(self, name, value): """Changes the default value of the named flag object.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if name not in fl: raise AttributeError(name) fl[name].SetDefault(value) self._AssertValidators(fl[name].validators) def __contains__(self, name): """Returns True if name is a value (flag) in the dict.""" return name in self.FlagDict() has_key = __contains__ # a synonym for __contains__() def __iter__(self): return iter(self.FlagDict()) def __call__(self, argv): """Parses flags from argv; stores parsed flags into this FlagValues object. All unparsed arguments are returned. Flags are parsed using the GNU Program Argument Syntax Conventions, using getopt: http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#Getopt Args: argv: argument list. Can be of any type that may be converted to a list. Returns: The list of arguments not parsed as options, including argv[0] Raises: FlagsError: on any parsing error """ # Support any sequence type that can be converted to a list argv = list(argv) shortopts = "" longopts = [] fl = self.FlagDict() # This pre parses the argv list for --flagfile=<> options. argv = argv[:1] + self.ReadFlagsFromFiles(argv[1:], force_gnu=False) # Correct the argv to support the google style of passing boolean # parameters. Boolean parameters may be passed by using --mybool, # --nomybool, --mybool=(true|false|1|0). getopt does not support # having options that may or may not have a parameter. We replace # instances of the short form --mybool and --nomybool with their # full forms: --mybool=(true|false). original_argv = list(argv) # list() makes a copy shortest_matches = None for name, flag in fl.items(): if not flag.boolean: continue if shortest_matches is None: # Determine the smallest allowable prefix for all flag names shortest_matches = self.ShortestUniquePrefixes(fl) no_name = 'no' + name prefix = shortest_matches[name] no_prefix = shortest_matches[no_name] # Replace all occurrences of this boolean with extended forms for arg_idx in range(1, len(argv)): arg = argv[arg_idx] if arg.find('=') >= 0: continue if arg.startswith('--'+prefix) and ('--'+name).startswith(arg): argv[arg_idx] = ('--%s=true' % name) elif arg.startswith('--'+no_prefix) and ('--'+no_name).startswith(arg): argv[arg_idx] = ('--%s=false' % name) # Loop over all of the flags, building up the lists of short options # and long options that will be passed to getopt. Short options are # specified as a string of letters, each letter followed by a colon # if it takes an argument. Long options are stored in an array of # strings. Each string ends with an '=' if it takes an argument. for name, flag in fl.items(): longopts.append(name + "=") if len(name) == 1: # one-letter option: allow short flag type also shortopts += name if not flag.boolean: shortopts += ":" longopts.append('undefok=') undefok_flags = [] # In case --undefok is specified, loop to pick up unrecognized # options one by one. unrecognized_opts = [] args = argv[1:] while True: try: if self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: optlist, unparsed_args = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, shortopts, longopts) else: optlist, unparsed_args = getopt.getopt(args, shortopts, longopts) break except getopt.GetoptError, e: if not e.opt or e.opt in fl: # Not an unrecognized option, re-raise the exception as a FlagsError raise FlagsError(e) # Remove offender from args and try again for arg_index in range(len(args)): if ((args[arg_index] == '--' + e.opt) or (args[arg_index] == '-' + e.opt) or (args[arg_index].startswith('--' + e.opt + '='))): unrecognized_opts.append((e.opt, args[arg_index])) args = args[0:arg_index] + args[arg_index+1:] break else: # We should have found the option, so we don't expect to get # here. We could assert, but raising the original exception # might work better. raise FlagsError(e) for name, arg in optlist: if name == '--undefok': flag_names = arg.split(',') undefok_flags.extend(flag_names) # For boolean flags, if --undefok=boolflag is specified, then we should # also accept --noboolflag, in addition to --boolflag. # Since we don't know the type of the undefok'd flag, this will affect # non-boolean flags as well. # NOTE: You shouldn't use --undefok=noboolflag, because then we will # accept --nonoboolflag here. We are choosing not to do the conversion # from noboolflag -> boolflag because of the ambiguity that flag names # can start with 'no'. undefok_flags.extend('no' + name for name in flag_names) continue if name.startswith('--'): # long option name = name[2:] short_option = 0 else: # short option name = name[1:] short_option = 1 if name in fl: flag = fl[name] if flag.boolean and short_option: arg = 1 flag.Parse(arg) # If there were unrecognized options, raise an exception unless # the options were named via --undefok. for opt, value in unrecognized_opts: if opt not in undefok_flags: raise UnrecognizedFlagError(opt, value) if unparsed_args: if self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: # if using gnu_getopt just return the program name + remainder of argv. ret_val = argv[:1] + unparsed_args else: # unparsed_args becomes the first non-flag detected by getopt to # the end of argv. Because argv may have been modified above, # return original_argv for this region. ret_val = argv[:1] + original_argv[-len(unparsed_args):] else: ret_val = argv[:1] self._AssertAllValidators() return ret_val def Reset(self): """Resets the values to the point before FLAGS(argv) was called.""" for f in self.FlagDict().values(): f.Unparse() def RegisteredFlags(self): """Returns: a list of the names and short names of all registered flags.""" return list(self.FlagDict()) def FlagValuesDict(self): """Returns: a dictionary that maps flag names to flag values.""" flag_values = {} for flag_name in self.RegisteredFlags(): flag = self.FlagDict()[flag_name] flag_values[flag_name] = flag.value return flag_values def __str__(self): """Generates a help string for all known flags.""" return self.GetHelp() def GetHelp(self, prefix=''): """Generates a help string for all known flags.""" helplist = [] flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() if flags_by_module: modules = sorted(flags_by_module) # Print the help for the main module first, if possible. main_module = _GetMainModule() if main_module in modules: modules.remove(main_module) modules = [main_module] + modules for module in modules: self.__RenderOurModuleFlags(module, helplist) self.__RenderModuleFlags('gflags', _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values(), helplist) else: # Just print one long list of flags. self.__RenderFlagList( self.FlagDict().values() + _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values(), helplist, prefix) return '\n'.join(helplist) def __RenderModuleFlags(self, module, flags, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for a given module.""" if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ output_lines.append('\n%s%s:' % (prefix, module)) self.__RenderFlagList(flags, output_lines, prefix + " ") def __RenderOurModuleFlags(self, module, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for a given module.""" flags = self._GetFlagsDefinedByModule(module) if flags: self.__RenderModuleFlags(module, flags, output_lines, prefix) def __RenderOurModuleKeyFlags(self, module, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for the key flags of a given module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). output_lines: A list of strings. The generated help message lines will be appended to this list. prefix: A string that is prepended to each generated help line. """ key_flags = self._GetKeyFlagsForModule(module) if key_flags: self.__RenderModuleFlags(module, key_flags, output_lines, prefix) def ModuleHelp(self, module): """Describe the key flags of a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). Returns: string describing the key flags of a module. """ helplist = [] self.__RenderOurModuleKeyFlags(module, helplist) return '\n'.join(helplist) def MainModuleHelp(self): """Describe the key flags of the main module. Returns: string describing the key flags of a module. """ return self.ModuleHelp(_GetMainModule()) def __RenderFlagList(self, flaglist, output_lines, prefix=" "): fl = self.FlagDict() special_fl = _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict() flaglist = [(flag.name, flag) for flag in flaglist] flaglist.sort() flagset = {} for (name, flag) in flaglist: # It's possible this flag got deleted or overridden since being # registered in the per-module flaglist. Check now against the # canonical source of current flag information, the FlagDict. if fl.get(name, None) != flag and special_fl.get(name, None) != flag: # a different flag is using this name now continue # only print help once if flag in flagset: continue flagset[flag] = 1 flaghelp = "" if flag.short_name: flaghelp += "-%s," % flag.short_name if flag.boolean: flaghelp += "--[no]%s" % flag.name + ":" else: flaghelp += "--%s" % flag.name + ":" flaghelp += " " if flag.help: flaghelp += flag.help flaghelp = TextWrap(flaghelp, indent=prefix+" ", firstline_indent=prefix) if flag.default_as_str: flaghelp += "\n" flaghelp += TextWrap("(default: %s)" % flag.default_as_str, indent=prefix+" ") if flag.parser.syntactic_help: flaghelp += "\n" flaghelp += TextWrap("(%s)" % flag.parser.syntactic_help, indent=prefix+" ") output_lines.append(flaghelp) def get(self, name, default): """Returns the value of a flag (if not None) or a default value. Args: name: A string, the name of a flag. default: Default value to use if the flag value is None. """ value = self.__getattr__(name) if value is not None: # Can't do if not value, b/c value might be '0' or "" return value else: return default def ShortestUniquePrefixes(self, fl): """Returns: dictionary; maps flag names to their shortest unique prefix.""" # Sort the list of flag names sorted_flags = [] for name, flag in fl.items(): sorted_flags.append(name) if flag.boolean: sorted_flags.append('no%s' % name) sorted_flags.sort() # For each name in the sorted list, determine the shortest unique # prefix by comparing itself to the next name and to the previous # name (the latter check uses cached info from the previous loop). shortest_matches = {} prev_idx = 0 for flag_idx in range(len(sorted_flags)): curr = sorted_flags[flag_idx] if flag_idx == (len(sorted_flags) - 1): next = None else: next = sorted_flags[flag_idx+1] next_len = len(next) for curr_idx in range(len(curr)): if (next is None or curr_idx >= next_len or curr[curr_idx] != next[curr_idx]): # curr longer than next or no more chars in common shortest_matches[curr] = curr[:max(prev_idx, curr_idx) + 1] prev_idx = curr_idx break else: # curr shorter than (or equal to) next shortest_matches[curr] = curr prev_idx = curr_idx + 1 # next will need at least one more char return shortest_matches def __IsFlagFileDirective(self, flag_string): """Checks whether flag_string contain a --flagfile=<foo> directive.""" if isinstance(flag_string, type("")): if flag_string.startswith('--flagfile='): return 1 elif flag_string == '--flagfile': return 1 elif flag_string.startswith('-flagfile='): return 1 elif flag_string == '-flagfile': return 1 else: return 0 return 0 def ExtractFilename(self, flagfile_str): """Returns filename from a flagfile_str of form -[-]flagfile=filename. The cases of --flagfile foo and -flagfile foo shouldn't be hitting this function, as they are dealt with in the level above this function. """ if flagfile_str.startswith('--flagfile='): return os.path.expanduser((flagfile_str[(len('--flagfile=')):]).strip()) elif flagfile_str.startswith('-flagfile='): return os.path.expanduser((flagfile_str[(len('-flagfile=')):]).strip()) else: raise FlagsError('Hit illegal --flagfile type: %s' % flagfile_str) def __GetFlagFileLines(self, filename, parsed_file_list): """Returns the useful (!=comments, etc) lines from a file with flags. Args: filename: A string, the name of the flag file. parsed_file_list: A list of the names of the files we have already read. MUTATED BY THIS FUNCTION. Returns: List of strings. See the note below. NOTE(springer): This function checks for a nested --flagfile=<foo> tag and handles the lower file recursively. It returns a list of all the lines that _could_ contain command flags. This is EVERYTHING except whitespace lines and comments (lines starting with '#' or '//'). """ line_list = [] # All line from flagfile. flag_line_list = [] # Subset of lines w/o comments, blanks, flagfile= tags. try: file_obj = open(filename, 'r') except IOError, e_msg: raise CantOpenFlagFileError('ERROR:: Unable to open flagfile: %s' % e_msg) line_list = file_obj.readlines() file_obj.close() parsed_file_list.append(filename) # This is where we check each line in the file we just read. for line in line_list: if line.isspace(): pass # Checks for comment (a line that starts with '#'). elif line.startswith('#') or line.startswith('//'): pass # Checks for a nested "--flagfile=<bar>" flag in the current file. # If we find one, recursively parse down into that file. elif self.__IsFlagFileDirective(line): sub_filename = self.ExtractFilename(line) # We do a little safety check for reparsing a file we've already done. if not sub_filename in parsed_file_list: included_flags = self.__GetFlagFileLines(sub_filename, parsed_file_list) flag_line_list.extend(included_flags) else: # Case of hitting a circularly included file. sys.stderr.write('Warning: Hit circular flagfile dependency: %s\n' % (sub_filename,)) else: # Any line that's not a comment or a nested flagfile should get # copied into 2nd position. This leaves earlier arguments # further back in the list, thus giving them higher priority. flag_line_list.append(line.strip()) return flag_line_list def ReadFlagsFromFiles(self, argv, force_gnu=True): """Processes command line args, but also allow args to be read from file. Args: argv: A list of strings, usually sys.argv[1:], which may contain one or more flagfile directives of the form --flagfile="./filename". Note that the name of the program (sys.argv[0]) should be omitted. force_gnu: If False, --flagfile parsing obeys normal flag semantics. If True, --flagfile parsing instead follows gnu_getopt semantics. *** WARNING *** force_gnu=False may become the future default! Returns: A new list which has the original list combined with what we read from any flagfile(s). References: Global gflags.FLAG class instance. This function should be called before the normal FLAGS(argv) call. This function scans the input list for a flag that looks like: --flagfile=<somefile>. Then it opens <somefile>, reads all valid key and value pairs and inserts them into the input list between the first item of the list and any subsequent items in the list. Note that your application's flags are still defined the usual way using gflags DEFINE_flag() type functions. Notes (assuming we're getting a commandline of some sort as our input): --> Flags from the command line argv _should_ always take precedence! --> A further "--flagfile=<otherfile.cfg>" CAN be nested in a flagfile. It will be processed after the parent flag file is done. --> For duplicate flags, first one we hit should "win". --> In a flagfile, a line beginning with # or // is a comment. --> Entirely blank lines _should_ be ignored. """ parsed_file_list = [] rest_of_args = argv new_argv = [] while rest_of_args: current_arg = rest_of_args[0] rest_of_args = rest_of_args[1:] if self.__IsFlagFileDirective(current_arg): # This handles the case of -(-)flagfile foo. In this case the # next arg really is part of this one. if current_arg == '--flagfile' or current_arg == '-flagfile': if not rest_of_args: raise IllegalFlagValue('--flagfile with no argument') flag_filename = os.path.expanduser(rest_of_args[0]) rest_of_args = rest_of_args[1:] else: # This handles the case of (-)-flagfile=foo. flag_filename = self.ExtractFilename(current_arg) new_argv.extend( self.__GetFlagFileLines(flag_filename, parsed_file_list)) else: new_argv.append(current_arg) # Stop parsing after '--', like getopt and gnu_getopt. if current_arg == '--': break # Stop parsing after a non-flag, like getopt. if not current_arg.startswith('-'): if not force_gnu and not self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: break if rest_of_args: new_argv.extend(rest_of_args) return new_argv def FlagsIntoString(self): """Returns a string with the flags assignments from this FlagValues object. This function ignores flags whose value is None. Each flag assignment is separated by a newline. NOTE: MUST mirror the behavior of the C++ CommandlineFlagsIntoString from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags """ s = '' for flag in self.FlagDict().values(): if flag.value is not None: s += flag.Serialize() + '\n' return s def AppendFlagsIntoFile(self, filename): """Appends all flags assignments from this FlagInfo object to a file. Output will be in the format of a flagfile. NOTE: MUST mirror the behavior of the C++ AppendFlagsIntoFile from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags """ out_file = open(filename, 'a') out_file.write(self.FlagsIntoString()) out_file.close() def WriteHelpInXMLFormat(self, outfile=None): """Outputs flag documentation in XML format. NOTE: We use element names that are consistent with those used by the C++ command-line flag library, from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags We also use a few new elements (e.g., <key>), but we do not interfere / overlap with existing XML elements used by the C++ library. Please maintain this consistency. Args: outfile: File object we write to. Default None means sys.stdout. """ outfile = outfile or sys.stdout outfile.write('<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n') outfile.write('<AllFlags>\n') indent = ' ' _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'program', os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), indent) usage_doc = sys.modules['__main__'].__doc__ if not usage_doc: usage_doc = '\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n' % sys.argv[0] else: usage_doc = usage_doc.replace('%s', sys.argv[0]) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'usage', usage_doc, indent) # Get list of key flags for the main module. key_flags = self._GetKeyFlagsForModule(_GetMainModule()) # Sort flags by declaring module name and next by flag name. flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() all_module_names = list(flags_by_module.keys()) all_module_names.sort() for module_name in all_module_names: flag_list = [(f.name, f) for f in flags_by_module[module_name]] flag_list.sort() for unused_flag_name, flag in flag_list: is_key = flag in key_flags flag.WriteInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, module_name, is_key=is_key, indent=indent) outfile.write('</AllFlags>\n') outfile.flush() def AddValidator(self, validator): """Register new flags validator to be checked. Args: validator: gflags_validators.Validator Raises: AttributeError: if validators work with a non-existing flag. """ for flag_name in validator.GetFlagsNames(): flag = self.FlagDict()[flag_name] flag.validators.append(validator) # end of FlagValues definition # The global FlagValues instance FLAGS = FlagValues() def _StrOrUnicode(value): """Converts value to a python string or, if necessary, unicode-string.""" try: return str(value) except UnicodeEncodeError: return unicode(value) def _MakeXMLSafe(s): """Escapes <, >, and & from s, and removes XML 1.0-illegal chars.""" s = cgi.escape(s) # Escape <, >, and & # Remove characters that cannot appear in an XML 1.0 document # (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#charsets). # # NOTE: if there are problems with current solution, one may move to # XML 1.1, which allows such chars, if they're entity-escaped (&#xHH;). s = re.sub(r'[\x00-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f]', '', s) # Convert non-ascii characters to entities. Note: requires python >=2.3 s = s.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace') # u'\xce\x88' -> 'u&#904;' return s def _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, name, value, indent): """Writes a simple XML element. Args: outfile: File object we write the XML element to. name: A string, the name of XML element. value: A Python object, whose string representation will be used as the value of the XML element. indent: A string, prepended to each line of generated output. """ value_str = _StrOrUnicode(value) if isinstance(value, bool): # Display boolean values as the C++ flag library does: no caps. value_str = value_str.lower() safe_value_str = _MakeXMLSafe(value_str) outfile.write('%s<%s>%s</%s>\n' % (indent, name, safe_value_str, name)) class Flag: """Information about a command-line flag. 'Flag' objects define the following fields: .name - the name for this flag .default - the default value for this flag .default_as_str - default value as repr'd string, e.g., "'true'" (or None) .value - the most recent parsed value of this flag; set by Parse() .help - a help string or None if no help is available .short_name - the single letter alias for this flag (or None) .boolean - if 'true', this flag does not accept arguments .present - true if this flag was parsed from command line flags. .parser - an ArgumentParser object .serializer - an ArgumentSerializer object .allow_override - the flag may be redefined without raising an error The only public method of a 'Flag' object is Parse(), but it is typically only called by a 'FlagValues' object. The Parse() method is a thin wrapper around the 'ArgumentParser' Parse() method. The parsed value is saved in .value, and the .present attribute is updated. If this flag was already present, a FlagsError is raised. Parse() is also called during __init__ to parse the default value and initialize the .value attribute. This enables other python modules to safely use flags even if the __main__ module neglects to parse the command line arguments. The .present attribute is cleared after __init__ parsing. If the default value is set to None, then the __init__ parsing step is skipped and the .value attribute is initialized to None. Note: The default value is also presented to the user in the help string, so it is important that it be a legal value for this flag. """ def __init__(self, parser, serializer, name, default, help_string, short_name=None, boolean=0, allow_override=0): self.name = name if not help_string: help_string = '(no help available)' self.help = help_string self.short_name = short_name self.boolean = boolean self.present = 0 self.parser = parser self.serializer = serializer self.allow_override = allow_override self.value = None self.validators = [] self.SetDefault(default) def __hash__(self): return hash(id(self)) def __eq__(self, other): return self is other def __lt__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Flag): return id(self) < id(other) return NotImplemented def __GetParsedValueAsString(self, value): if value is None: return None if self.serializer: return repr(self.serializer.Serialize(value)) if self.boolean: if value: return repr('true') else: return repr('false') return repr(_StrOrUnicode(value)) def Parse(self, argument): try: self.value = self.parser.Parse(argument) except ValueError, e: # recast ValueError as IllegalFlagValue raise IllegalFlagValue("flag --%s=%s: %s" % (self.name, argument, e)) self.present += 1 def Unparse(self): if self.default is None: self.value = None else: self.Parse(self.default) self.present = 0 def Serialize(self): if self.value is None: return '' if self.boolean: if self.value: return "--%s" % self.name else: return "--no%s" % self.name else: if not self.serializer: raise FlagsError("Serializer not present for flag %s" % self.name) return "--%s=%s" % (self.name, self.serializer.Serialize(self.value)) def SetDefault(self, value): """Changes the default value (and current value too) for this Flag.""" # We can't allow a None override because it may end up not being # passed to C++ code when we're overriding C++ flags. So we # cowardly bail out until someone fixes the semantics of trying to # pass None to a C++ flag. See swig_flags.Init() for details on # this behavior. # TODO(olexiy): Users can directly call this method, bypassing all flags # validators (we don't have FlagValues here, so we can not check # validators). # The simplest solution I see is to make this method private. # Another approach would be to store reference to the corresponding # FlagValues with each flag, but this seems to be an overkill. if value is None and self.allow_override: raise DuplicateFlagCannotPropagateNoneToSwig(self.name) self.default = value self.Unparse() self.default_as_str = self.__GetParsedValueAsString(self.value) def Type(self): """Returns: a string that describes the type of this Flag.""" # NOTE: we use strings, and not the types.*Type constants because # our flags can have more exotic types, e.g., 'comma separated list # of strings', 'whitespace separated list of strings', etc. return self.parser.Type() def WriteInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, module_name, is_key=False, indent=''): """Writes common info about this flag, in XML format. This is information that is relevant to all flags (e.g., name, meaning, etc.). If you defined a flag that has some other pieces of info, then please override _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat. Please do NOT override this method. Args: outfile: File object we write to. module_name: A string, the name of the module that defines this flag. is_key: A boolean, True iff this flag is key for main module. indent: A string that is prepended to each generated line. """ outfile.write(indent + '<flag>\n') inner_indent = indent + ' ' if is_key: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'key', 'yes', inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'file', module_name, inner_indent) # Print flag features that are relevant for all flags. _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'name', self.name, inner_indent) if self.short_name: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'short_name', self.short_name, inner_indent) if self.help: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'meaning', self.help, inner_indent) # The default flag value can either be represented as a string like on the # command line, or as a Python object. We serialize this value in the # latter case in order to remain consistent. if self.serializer and not isinstance(self.default, str): default_serialized = self.serializer.Serialize(self.default) else: default_serialized = self.default _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'default', default_serialized, inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'current', self.value, inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'type', self.Type(), inner_indent) # Print extra flag features this flag may have. self._WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, inner_indent) outfile.write(indent + '</flag>\n') def _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): """Writes extra info about this flag, in XML format. "Extra" means "not already printed by WriteInfoInXMLFormat above." Args: outfile: File object we write to. indent: A string that is prepended to each generated line. """ # Usually, the parser knows the extra details about the flag, so # we just forward the call to it. self.parser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, indent) # End of Flag definition class _ArgumentParserCache(type): """Metaclass used to cache and share argument parsers among flags.""" _instances = {} def __call__(mcs, *args, **kwargs): """Returns an instance of the argument parser cls. This method overrides behavior of the __new__ methods in all subclasses of ArgumentParser (inclusive). If an instance for mcs with the same set of arguments exists, this instance is returned, otherwise a new instance is created. If any keyword arguments are defined, or the values in args are not hashable, this method always returns a new instance of cls. Args: args: Positional initializer arguments. kwargs: Initializer keyword arguments. Returns: An instance of cls, shared or new. """ if kwargs: return type.__call__(mcs, *args, **kwargs) else: instances = mcs._instances key = (mcs,) + tuple(args) try: return instances[key] except KeyError: # No cache entry for key exists, create a new one. return instances.setdefault(key, type.__call__(mcs, *args)) except TypeError: # An object in args cannot be hashed, always return # a new instance. return type.__call__(mcs, *args) class ArgumentParser(object): """Base class used to parse and convert arguments. The Parse() method checks to make sure that the string argument is a legal value and convert it to a native type. If the value cannot be converted, it should throw a 'ValueError' exception with a human readable explanation of why the value is illegal. Subclasses should also define a syntactic_help string which may be presented to the user to describe the form of the legal values. Argument parser classes must be stateless, since instances are cached and shared between flags. Initializer arguments are allowed, but all member variables must be derived from initializer arguments only. """ __metaclass__ = _ArgumentParserCache syntactic_help = "" def Parse(self, argument): """Default implementation: always returns its argument unmodified.""" return argument def Type(self): return 'string' def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): pass class ArgumentSerializer: """Base class for generating string representations of a flag value.""" def Serialize(self, value): return _StrOrUnicode(value) class ListSerializer(ArgumentSerializer): def __init__(self, list_sep): self.list_sep = list_sep def Serialize(self, value): return self.list_sep.join([_StrOrUnicode(x) for x in value]) # Flags validators def RegisterValidator(flag_name, checker, message='Flag validation failed', flag_values=FLAGS): """Adds a constraint, which will be enforced during program execution. The constraint is validated when flags are initially parsed, and after each change of the corresponding flag's value. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag to be checked. checker: method to validate the flag. input - value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc. This value will be passed to checker by the library). See file's docstring for examples. output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise gflags_validators.Error(desired_error_message). message: error text to be shown to the user if checker returns False. If checker raises gflags_validators.Error, message from the raised Error will be shown. flag_values: FlagValues Raises: AttributeError: if flag_name is not registered as a valid flag name. """ flag_values.AddValidator(gflags_validators.SimpleValidator(flag_name, checker, message)) def MarkFlagAsRequired(flag_name, flag_values=FLAGS): """Ensure that flag is not None during program execution. Registers a flag validator, which will follow usual validator rules. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag flag_values: FlagValues Raises: AttributeError: if flag_name is not registered as a valid flag name. """ RegisterValidator(flag_name, lambda value: value is not None, message='Flag --%s must be specified.' % flag_name, flag_values=flag_values) def _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values): """Enforce lower and upper bounds for numeric flags. Args: parser: NumericParser (either FloatParser or IntegerParser). Provides lower and upper bounds, and help text to display. name: string, name of the flag flag_values: FlagValues """ if parser.lower_bound is not None or parser.upper_bound is not None: def Checker(value): if value is not None and parser.IsOutsideBounds(value): message = '%s is not %s' % (value, parser.syntactic_help) raise gflags_validators.Error(message) return True RegisterValidator(name, Checker, flag_values=flag_values) # The DEFINE functions are explained in mode details in the module doc string. def DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, serializer=None, **args): """Registers a generic Flag object. NOTE: in the docstrings of all DEFINE* functions, "registers" is short for "creates a new flag and registers it". Auxiliary function: clients should use the specialized DEFINE_<type> function instead. Args: parser: ArgumentParser that is used to parse the flag arguments. name: A string, the flag name. default: The default value of the flag. help: A help string. flag_values: FlagValues object the flag will be registered with. serializer: ArgumentSerializer that serializes the flag value. args: Dictionary with extra keyword args that are passes to the Flag __init__. """ DEFINE_flag(Flag(parser, serializer, name, default, help, **args), flag_values) def DEFINE_flag(flag, flag_values=FLAGS): """Registers a 'Flag' object with a 'FlagValues' object. By default, the global FLAGS 'FlagValue' object is used. Typical users will use one of the more specialized DEFINE_xxx functions, such as DEFINE_string or DEFINE_integer. But developers who need to create Flag objects themselves should use this function to register their flags. """ # copying the reference to flag_values prevents pychecker warnings fv = flag_values fv[flag.name] = flag # Tell flag_values who's defining the flag. if isinstance(flag_values, FlagValues): # Regarding the above isinstance test: some users pass funny # values of flag_values (e.g., {}) in order to avoid the flag # registration (in the past, there used to be a flag_values == # FLAGS test here) and redefine flags with the same name (e.g., # debug). To avoid breaking their code, we perform the # registration only if flag_values is a real FlagValues object. module, module_name = _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() flag_values._RegisterFlagByModule(module_name, flag) flag_values._RegisterFlagByModuleId(id(module), flag) def _InternalDeclareKeyFlags(flag_names, flag_values=FLAGS, key_flag_values=None): """Declares a flag as key for the calling module. Internal function. User code should call DECLARE_key_flag or ADOPT_module_key_flags instead. Args: flag_names: A list of strings that are names of already-registered Flag objects. flag_values: A FlagValues object that the flags listed in flag_names have registered with (the value of the flag_values argument from the DEFINE_* calls that defined those flags). This should almost never need to be overridden. key_flag_values: A FlagValues object that (among possibly many other things) keeps track of the key flags for each module. Default None means "same as flag_values". This should almost never need to be overridden. Raises: UnrecognizedFlagError: when we refer to a flag that was not defined yet. """ key_flag_values = key_flag_values or flag_values module = _GetCallingModule() for flag_name in flag_names: if flag_name not in flag_values: raise UnrecognizedFlagError(flag_name) flag = flag_values.FlagDict()[flag_name] key_flag_values._RegisterKeyFlagForModule(module, flag) def DECLARE_key_flag(flag_name, flag_values=FLAGS): """Declares one flag as key to the current module. Key flags are flags that are deemed really important for a module. They are important when listing help messages; e.g., if the --helpshort command-line flag is used, then only the key flags of the main module are listed (instead of all flags, as in the case of --help). Sample usage: gflags.DECLARED_key_flag('flag_1') Args: flag_name: A string, the name of an already declared flag. (Redeclaring flags as key, including flags implicitly key because they were declared in this module, is a no-op.) flag_values: A FlagValues object. This should almost never need to be overridden. """ if flag_name in _SPECIAL_FLAGS: # Take care of the special flags, e.g., --flagfile, --undefok. # These flags are defined in _SPECIAL_FLAGS, and are treated # specially during flag parsing, taking precedence over the # user-defined flags. _InternalDeclareKeyFlags([flag_name], flag_values=_SPECIAL_FLAGS, key_flag_values=flag_values) return _InternalDeclareKeyFlags([flag_name], flag_values=flag_values) def ADOPT_module_key_flags(module, flag_values=FLAGS): """Declares that all flags key to a module are key to the current module. Args: module: A module object. flag_values: A FlagValues object. This should almost never need to be overridden. Raises: FlagsError: When given an argument that is a module name (a string), instead of a module object. """ # NOTE(salcianu): an even better test would be if not # isinstance(module, types.ModuleType) but I didn't want to import # types for such a tiny use. if isinstance(module, str): raise FlagsError('Received module name %s; expected a module object.' % module) _InternalDeclareKeyFlags( [f.name for f in flag_values._GetKeyFlagsForModule(module.__name__)], flag_values=flag_values) # If module is this flag module, take _SPECIAL_FLAGS into account. if module == _GetThisModuleObjectAndName()[0]: _InternalDeclareKeyFlags( # As we associate flags with _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(), the # special flags defined in this module are incorrectly registered with # a different module. So, we can't use _GetKeyFlagsForModule. # Instead, we take all flags from _SPECIAL_FLAGS (a private # FlagValues, where no other module should register flags). [f.name for f in _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values()], flag_values=_SPECIAL_FLAGS, key_flag_values=flag_values) # # STRING FLAGS # def DEFINE_string(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be any string.""" parser = ArgumentParser() serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) # # BOOLEAN FLAGS # class BooleanParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of boolean values.""" def Convert(self, argument): """Converts the argument to a boolean; raise ValueError on errors.""" if type(argument) == str: if argument.lower() in ['true', 't', '1']: return True elif argument.lower() in ['false', 'f', '0']: return False bool_argument = bool(argument) if argument == bool_argument: # The argument is a valid boolean (True, False, 0, or 1), and not just # something that always converts to bool (list, string, int, etc.). return bool_argument raise ValueError('Non-boolean argument to boolean flag', argument) def Parse(self, argument): val = self.Convert(argument) return val def Type(self): return 'bool' class BooleanFlag(Flag): """Basic boolean flag. Boolean flags do not take any arguments, and their value is either True (1) or False (0). The false value is specified on the command line by prepending the word 'no' to either the long or the short flag name. For example, if a Boolean flag was created whose long name was 'update' and whose short name was 'x', then this flag could be explicitly unset through either --noupdate or --nox. """ def __init__(self, name, default, help, short_name=None, **args): p = BooleanParser() Flag.__init__(self, p, None, name, default, help, short_name, 1, **args) if not self.help: self.help = "a boolean value" def DEFINE_boolean(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a boolean flag. Such a boolean flag does not take an argument. If a user wants to specify a false value explicitly, the long option beginning with 'no' must be used: i.e. --noflag This flag will have a value of None, True or False. None is possible if default=None and the user does not specify the flag on the command line. """ DEFINE_flag(BooleanFlag(name, default, help, **args), flag_values) # Match C++ API to unconfuse C++ people. DEFINE_bool = DEFINE_boolean class HelpFlag(BooleanFlag): """ HelpFlag is a special boolean flag that prints usage information and raises a SystemExit exception if it is ever found in the command line arguments. Note this is called with allow_override=1, so other apps can define their own --help flag, replacing this one, if they want. """ def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, "help", 0, "show this help", short_name="?", allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: doc = sys.modules["__main__"].__doc__ flags = str(FLAGS) print doc or ("\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n" % sys.argv[0]) if flags: print "flags:" print flags sys.exit(1) class HelpXMLFlag(BooleanFlag): """Similar to HelpFlag, but generates output in XML format.""" def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, 'helpxml', False, 'like --help, but generates XML output', allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: FLAGS.WriteHelpInXMLFormat(sys.stdout) sys.exit(1) class HelpshortFlag(BooleanFlag): """ HelpshortFlag is a special boolean flag that prints usage information for the "main" module, and rasies a SystemExit exception if it is ever found in the command line arguments. Note this is called with allow_override=1, so other apps can define their own --helpshort flag, replacing this one, if they want. """ def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, "helpshort", 0, "show usage only for this module", allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: doc = sys.modules["__main__"].__doc__ flags = FLAGS.MainModuleHelp() print doc or ("\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n" % sys.argv[0]) if flags: print "flags:" print flags sys.exit(1) # # Numeric parser - base class for Integer and Float parsers # class NumericParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of numeric values. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ def IsOutsideBounds(self, val): return ((self.lower_bound is not None and val < self.lower_bound) or (self.upper_bound is not None and val > self.upper_bound)) def Parse(self, argument): val = self.Convert(argument) if self.IsOutsideBounds(val): raise ValueError("%s is not %s" % (val, self.syntactic_help)) return val def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): if self.lower_bound is not None: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'lower_bound', self.lower_bound, indent) if self.upper_bound is not None: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'upper_bound', self.upper_bound, indent) def Convert(self, argument): """Default implementation: always returns its argument unmodified.""" return argument # End of Numeric Parser # # FLOAT FLAGS # class FloatParser(NumericParser): """Parser of floating point values. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ number_article = "a" number_name = "number" syntactic_help = " ".join((number_article, number_name)) def __init__(self, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None): super(FloatParser, self).__init__() self.lower_bound = lower_bound self.upper_bound = upper_bound sh = self.syntactic_help if lower_bound is not None and upper_bound is not None: sh = ("%s in the range [%s, %s]" % (sh, lower_bound, upper_bound)) elif lower_bound == 0: sh = "a non-negative %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == 0: sh = "a non-positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound is not None: sh = "%s <= %s" % (self.number_name, upper_bound) elif lower_bound is not None: sh = "%s >= %s" % (self.number_name, lower_bound) self.syntactic_help = sh def Convert(self, argument): """Converts argument to a float; raises ValueError on errors.""" return float(argument) def Type(self): return 'float' # End of FloatParser def DEFINE_float(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value must be a float. If lower_bound or upper_bound are set, then this flag must be within the given range. """ parser = FloatParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values=flag_values) # # INTEGER FLAGS # class IntegerParser(NumericParser): """Parser of an integer value. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ number_article = "an" number_name = "integer" syntactic_help = " ".join((number_article, number_name)) def __init__(self, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None): super(IntegerParser, self).__init__() self.lower_bound = lower_bound self.upper_bound = upper_bound sh = self.syntactic_help if lower_bound is not None and upper_bound is not None: sh = ("%s in the range [%s, %s]" % (sh, lower_bound, upper_bound)) elif lower_bound == 1: sh = "a positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == -1: sh = "a negative %s" % self.number_name elif lower_bound == 0: sh = "a non-negative %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == 0: sh = "a non-positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound is not None: sh = "%s <= %s" % (self.number_name, upper_bound) elif lower_bound is not None: sh = "%s >= %s" % (self.number_name, lower_bound) self.syntactic_help = sh def Convert(self, argument): __pychecker__ = 'no-returnvalues' if type(argument) == str: base = 10 if len(argument) > 2 and argument[0] == "0" and argument[1] == "x": base = 16 return int(argument, base) else: return int(argument) def Type(self): return 'int' def DEFINE_integer(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value must be an integer. If lower_bound, or upper_bound are set, then this flag must be within the given range. """ parser = IntegerParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values=flag_values) # # ENUM FLAGS # class EnumParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of a string enum value (a string value from a given set). If enum_values (see below) is not specified, any string is allowed. """ def __init__(self, enum_values=None): super(EnumParser, self).__init__() self.enum_values = enum_values def Parse(self, argument): if self.enum_values and argument not in self.enum_values: raise ValueError("value should be one of <%s>" % "|".join(self.enum_values)) return argument def Type(self): return 'string enum' class EnumFlag(Flag): """Basic enum flag; its value can be any string from list of enum_values.""" def __init__(self, name, default, help, enum_values=None, short_name=None, **args): enum_values = enum_values or [] p = EnumParser(enum_values) g = ArgumentSerializer() Flag.__init__(self, p, g, name, default, help, short_name, **args) if not self.help: self.help = "an enum string" self.help = "<%s>: %s" % ("|".join(enum_values), self.help) def _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): for enum_value in self.parser.enum_values: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'enum_value', enum_value, indent) def DEFINE_enum(name, default, enum_values, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be any string from enum_values.""" DEFINE_flag(EnumFlag(name, default, help, enum_values, ** args), flag_values) # # LIST FLAGS # class BaseListParser(ArgumentParser): """Base class for a parser of lists of strings. To extend, inherit from this class; from the subclass __init__, call BaseListParser.__init__(self, token, name) where token is a character used to tokenize, and name is a description of the separator. """ def __init__(self, token=None, name=None): assert name super(BaseListParser, self).__init__() self._token = token self._name = name self.syntactic_help = "a %s separated list" % self._name def Parse(self, argument): if isinstance(argument, list): return argument elif argument == '': return [] else: return [s.strip() for s in argument.split(self._token)] def Type(self): return '%s separated list of strings' % self._name class ListParser(BaseListParser): """Parser for a comma-separated list of strings.""" def __init__(self): BaseListParser.__init__(self, ',', 'comma') def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): BaseListParser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'list_separator', repr(','), indent) class WhitespaceSeparatedListParser(BaseListParser): """Parser for a whitespace-separated list of strings.""" def __init__(self): BaseListParser.__init__(self, None, 'whitespace') def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): BaseListParser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent) separators = list(string.whitespace) separators.sort() for ws_char in string.whitespace: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'list_separator', repr(ws_char), indent) def DEFINE_list(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value is a comma-separated list of strings.""" parser = ListParser() serializer = ListSerializer(',') DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) def DEFINE_spaceseplist(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value is a whitespace-separated list of strings. Any whitespace can be used as a separator. """ parser = WhitespaceSeparatedListParser() serializer = ListSerializer(' ') DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) # # MULTI FLAGS # class MultiFlag(Flag): """A flag that can appear multiple time on the command-line. The value of such a flag is a list that contains the individual values from all the appearances of that flag on the command-line. See the __doc__ for Flag for most behavior of this class. Only differences in behavior are described here: * The default value may be either a single value or a list of values. A single value is interpreted as the [value] singleton list. * The value of the flag is always a list, even if the option was only supplied once, and even if the default value is a single value """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): Flag.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.help += ';\n repeat this option to specify a list of values' def Parse(self, arguments): """Parses one or more arguments with the installed parser. Args: arguments: a single argument or a list of arguments (typically a list of default values); a single argument is converted internally into a list containing one item. """ if not isinstance(arguments, list): # Default value may be a list of values. Most other arguments # will not be, so convert them into a single-item list to make # processing simpler below. arguments = [arguments] if self.present: # keep a backup reference to list of previously supplied option values values = self.value else: # "erase" the defaults with an empty list values = [] for item in arguments: # have Flag superclass parse argument, overwriting self.value reference Flag.Parse(self, item) # also increments self.present values.append(self.value) # put list of option values back in the 'value' attribute self.value = values def Serialize(self): if not self.serializer: raise FlagsError("Serializer not present for flag %s" % self.name) if self.value is None: return '' s = '' multi_value = self.value for self.value in multi_value: if s: s += ' ' s += Flag.Serialize(self) self.value = multi_value return s def Type(self): return 'multi ' + self.parser.Type() def DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a generic MultiFlag that parses its args with a given parser. Auxiliary function. Normal users should NOT use it directly. Developers who need to create their own 'Parser' classes for options which can appear multiple times can call this module function to register their flags. """ DEFINE_flag(MultiFlag(parser, serializer, name, default, help, **args), flag_values) def DEFINE_multistring(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of any strings. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple string values into the list. The 'default' may be a single string (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of strings. """ parser = ArgumentParser() serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) def DEFINE_multi_int(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of arbitrary integers. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple integer values into the list. The 'default' may be a single integer (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of integers. """ parser = IntegerParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) def DEFINE_multi_float(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of arbitrary floats. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple float values into the list. The 'default' may be a single float (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of floats. """ parser = FloatParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) # Now register the flags that we want to exist in all applications. # These are all defined with allow_override=1, so user-apps can use # these flagnames for their own purposes, if they want. DEFINE_flag(HelpFlag()) DEFINE_flag(HelpshortFlag()) DEFINE_flag(HelpXMLFlag()) # Define special flags here so that help may be generated for them. # NOTE: Please do NOT use _SPECIAL_FLAGS from outside this module. _SPECIAL_FLAGS = FlagValues() DEFINE_string( 'flagfile', "", "Insert flag definitions from the given file into the command line.", _SPECIAL_FLAGS) DEFINE_string( 'undefok', "", "comma-separated list of flag names that it is okay to specify " "on the command line even if the program does not define a flag " "with that name. IMPORTANT: flags in this list that have " "arguments MUST use the --flag=value format.", _SPECIAL_FLAGS)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python # Copyright 2011 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved. # simple script to walk source tree looking for third-party licenses # dumps resulting html page to stdout import os, re, mimetypes, sys # read source directories to scan from command line SOURCE = sys.argv[1:] # regex to find /* */ style comment blocks COMMENT_BLOCK = re.compile(r"(/\*.+?\*/)", re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL) # regex used to detect if comment block is a license COMMENT_LICENSE = re.compile(r"(license)", re.IGNORECASE) COMMENT_COPYRIGHT = re.compile(r"(copyright)", re.IGNORECASE) EXCLUDE_TYPES = [ "application/xml", "image/png", ] # list of known licenses; keys are derived by stripping all whitespace and # forcing to lowercase to help combine multiple files that have same license. KNOWN_LICENSES = {} class License: def __init__(self, license_text): self.license_text = license_text self.filenames = [] # add filename to the list of files that have the same license text def add_file(self, filename): if filename not in self.filenames: self.filenames.append(filename) LICENSE_KEY = re.compile(r"[^\w]") def find_license(license_text): # TODO(alice): a lot these licenses are almost identical Apache licenses. # Most of them differ in origin/modifications. Consider combining similar # licenses. license_key = LICENSE_KEY.sub("", license_text).lower() if license_key not in KNOWN_LICENSES: KNOWN_LICENSES[license_key] = License(license_text) return KNOWN_LICENSES[license_key] def discover_license(exact_path, filename): # when filename ends with LICENSE, assume applies to filename prefixed if filename.endswith("LICENSE"): with open(exact_path) as file: license_text = file.read() target_filename = filename[:-len("LICENSE")] if target_filename.endswith("."): target_filename = target_filename[:-1] find_license(license_text).add_file(target_filename) return None # try searching for license blocks in raw file mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) if mimetype in EXCLUDE_TYPES: return None with open(exact_path) as file: raw_file = file.read() # include comments that have both "license" and "copyright" in the text for comment in COMMENT_BLOCK.finditer(raw_file): comment = comment.group(1) if COMMENT_LICENSE.search(comment) is None: continue if COMMENT_COPYRIGHT.search(comment) is None: continue find_license(comment).add_file(filename) for source in SOURCE: for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source): for name in files: discover_license(os.path.join(root, name), name) print "<html><head><style> body { font-family: sans-serif; } pre { background-color: #eeeeee; padding: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; } </style></head><body>" for license in KNOWN_LICENSES.values(): print "<h3>Notices for files:</h3><ul>" filenames = license.filenames filenames.sort() for filename in filenames: print "<li>%s</li>" % (filename) print "</ul>" print "<pre>%s</pre>" % license.license_text print "</body></html>"
Python
if not 'submit' in POST: print """ <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="testPYTHON.py"> First Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="12" name="Fname"><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="36" name="Lname"><br/> Gender:<br/> Male:<input type="radio" value="Male" name="gender"><br/> Female:<input type="radio" value="Female" name="gender"><br/> Please choose type of residence:<br/> Steak:<input type="checkbox" value="Steak" name="food[]"><br/> Pizza:<input type="checkbox" value="Pizza" name="food[]"><br/> Chicken:<input type="checkbox" value="Chicken" name="food[]"><br/> <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="quote" wrap="physical">Enter your favorite quote!</textarea><br/> Select a Level of Education:<br/> <select name="education"> <option value="Jr.High">Jr.High</option> <option value="HighSchool">HighSchool</option> <option value="College">College</option></select><br/> Select your favorite time of day:<br/> <select name="TofD" size="3"> <option value="Morning">Morning</option> <option value="Day">Day</option> <option value="Night">Night</option></select><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit"> </form> </body> </html> """ else: Fname = POST["Fname"] Lname = POST["Lname"] gender = POST["gender"] food = POST["food"] quote = POST["quote"] education = POST["education"] TofD = POST["TofD"] text = "Hello, " + Fname + " " + Lname + ".<br/>"; text += "You are " + gender + ", and you like "; for k,v in food.items(): text += v + "<br/>" text += "<i>" + quote + "</i><br/>"; text += "You're favorite time is " + TofD + ", and you passed " + education + "!<br/>"; print""" <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body>""" print text print """ </body> </html> """
Python
if not 'submit' in POST: print """ <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="testPYTHON.py"> First Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="12" name="Fname"><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="36" name="Lname"><br/> Gender:<br/> Male:<input type="radio" value="Male" name="gender"><br/> Female:<input type="radio" value="Female" name="gender"><br/> Please choose type of residence:<br/> Steak:<input type="checkbox" value="Steak" name="food[]"><br/> Pizza:<input type="checkbox" value="Pizza" name="food[]"><br/> Chicken:<input type="checkbox" value="Chicken" name="food[]"><br/> <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="quote" wrap="physical">Enter your favorite quote!</textarea><br/> Select a Level of Education:<br/> <select name="education"> <option value="Jr.High">Jr.High</option> <option value="HighSchool">HighSchool</option> <option value="College">College</option></select><br/> Select your favorite time of day:<br/> <select name="TofD" size="3"> <option value="Morning">Morning</option> <option value="Day">Day</option> <option value="Night">Night</option></select><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit"> </form> </body> </html> """ else: Fname = POST["Fname"] Lname = POST["Lname"] gender = POST["gender"] food = POST["food"] quote = POST["quote"] education = POST["education"] TofD = POST["TofD"] text = "Hello, " + Fname + " " + Lname + ".<br/>"; text += "You are " + gender + ", and you like "; for k,v in food.items(): text += v + "<br/>" text += "<i>" + quote + "</i><br/>"; text += "You're favorite time is " + TofD + ", and you passed " + education + "!<br/>"; print""" <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body>""" print text print """ </body> </html> """
Python
if not 'submit' in POST: print """ <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="testPYTHON.py"> First Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="12" name="Fname"><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="36" name="Lname"><br/> Gender:<br/> Male:<input type="radio" value="Male" name="gender"><br/> Female:<input type="radio" value="Female" name="gender"><br/> Please choose type of residence:<br/> Steak:<input type="checkbox" value="Steak" name="food[]"><br/> Pizza:<input type="checkbox" value="Pizza" name="food[]"><br/> Chicken:<input type="checkbox" value="Chicken" name="food[]"><br/> <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="quote" wrap="physical">Enter your favorite quote!</textarea><br/> Select a Level of Education:<br/> <select name="education"> <option value="Jr.High">Jr.High</option> <option value="HighSchool">HighSchool</option> <option value="College">College</option></select><br/> Select your favorite time of day:<br/> <select name="TofD" size="3"> <option value="Morning">Morning</option> <option value="Day">Day</option> <option value="Night">Night</option></select><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit"> </form> </body> </html> """ else: Fname = POST["Fname"] Lname = POST["Lname"] gender = POST["gender"] food = POST["food"] quote = POST["quote"] education = POST["education"] TofD = POST["TofD"] text = "Hello, " + Fname + " " + Lname + ".<br/>"; text += "You are " + gender + ", and you like "; for k,v in food.items(): text += v + "<br/>" text += "<i>" + quote + "</i><br/>"; text += "You're favorite time is " + TofD + ", and you passed " + education + "!<br/>"; print""" <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body>""" print text print """ </body> </html> """
Python
if not 'submit' in POST: print """ <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="testPYTHON.py"> First Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="12" name="Fname"><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="36" name="Lname"><br/> Gender:<br/> Male:<input type="radio" value="Male" name="gender"><br/> Female:<input type="radio" value="Female" name="gender"><br/> Please choose type of residence:<br/> Steak:<input type="checkbox" value="Steak" name="food[]"><br/> Pizza:<input type="checkbox" value="Pizza" name="food[]"><br/> Chicken:<input type="checkbox" value="Chicken" name="food[]"><br/> <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="quote" wrap="physical">Enter your favorite quote!</textarea><br/> Select a Level of Education:<br/> <select name="education"> <option value="Jr.High">Jr.High</option> <option value="HighSchool">HighSchool</option> <option value="College">College</option></select><br/> Select your favorite time of day:<br/> <select name="TofD" size="3"> <option value="Morning">Morning</option> <option value="Day">Day</option> <option value="Night">Night</option></select><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit"> </form> </body> </html> """ else: Fname = POST["Fname"] Lname = POST["Lname"] gender = POST["gender"] food = POST["food"] quote = POST["quote"] education = POST["education"] TofD = POST["TofD"] text = "Hello, " + Fname + " " + Lname + ".<br/>"; text += "You are " + gender + ", and you like "; for k,v in food.items(): text += v + "<br/>" text += "<i>" + quote + "</i><br/>"; text += "You're favorite time is " + TofD + ", and you passed " + education + "!<br/>"; print""" <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body>""" print text print """ </body> </html> """
Python
if not 'submit' in POST: print """ <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="testPYTHON.py"> First Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="12" name="Fname"><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" size="12" maxlength="36" name="Lname"><br/> Gender:<br/> Male:<input type="radio" value="Male" name="gender"><br/> Female:<input type="radio" value="Female" name="gender"><br/> Please choose type of residence:<br/> Steak:<input type="checkbox" value="Steak" name="food[]"><br/> Pizza:<input type="checkbox" value="Pizza" name="food[]"><br/> Chicken:<input type="checkbox" value="Chicken" name="food[]"><br/> <textarea rows="5" cols="20" name="quote" wrap="physical">Enter your favorite quote!</textarea><br/> Select a Level of Education:<br/> <select name="education"> <option value="Jr.High">Jr.High</option> <option value="HighSchool">HighSchool</option> <option value="College">College</option></select><br/> Select your favorite time of day:<br/> <select name="TofD" size="3"> <option value="Morning">Morning</option> <option value="Day">Day</option> <option value="Night">Night</option></select><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit"> </form> </body> </html> """ else: Fname = POST["Fname"] Lname = POST["Lname"] gender = POST["gender"] food = POST["food"] quote = POST["quote"] education = POST["education"] TofD = POST["TofD"] text = "Hello, " + Fname + " " + Lname + ".<br/>"; text += "You are " + gender + ", and you like "; for k,v in food.items(): text += v + "<br/>" text += "<i>" + quote + "</i><br/>"; text += "You're favorite time is " + TofD + ", and you passed " + education + "!<br/>"; print""" <html> <head> <title>Personal INFO</title> </head> <body>""" print text print """ </body> </html> """
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # webkit2png - makes screenshots of webpages # http://www.paulhammond.org/webkit2png __version__ = "0.5" # Copyright (c) 2009 Paul Hammond # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in # all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN # THE SOFTWARE. # import sys import optparse try: import Foundation import WebKit import AppKit import objc except ImportError: print "Cannot find pyobjc library files. Are you sure it is installed?" sys.exit() class AppDelegate (Foundation.NSObject): # what happens when the app starts up def applicationDidFinishLaunching_(self, aNotification): webview = aNotification.object().windows()[0].contentView() webview.frameLoadDelegate().getURL(webview) class WebkitLoad (Foundation.NSObject, WebKit.protocols.WebFrameLoadDelegate): # what happens if something goes wrong while loading def webView_didFailLoadWithError_forFrame_(self,webview,error,frame): print " ... something went wrong" self.getURL(webview) def webView_didFailProvisionalLoadWithError_forFrame_(self,webview,error,frame): print " ... something went wrong" self.getURL(webview) def makeFilename(self,URL,options): # make the filename if options.filename: filename = options.filename elif options.md5: try: import md5 except ImportError: print "--md5 requires python md5 library" AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) filename = md5.new(URL).hexdigest() else: import re filename = re.sub('\W','',URL); filename = re.sub('^http','',filename); if options.datestamp: import time now = time.strftime("%Y%m%d") filename = now + "-" + filename import os dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(options.dir)) return os.path.join(dir,filename) def saveImages(self,bitmapdata,filename,options): # save the fullsize png if options.fullsize: bitmapdata.representationUsingType_properties_(AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-full.png",objc.YES) if options.thumb or options.clipped: # work out how big the thumbnail is width = bitmapdata.pixelsWide() height = bitmapdata.pixelsHigh() thumbWidth = (width * options.scale) thumbHeight = (height * options.scale) # make the thumbnails in a scratch image scratch = AppKit.NSImage.alloc().initWithSize_( Foundation.NSMakeSize(thumbWidth,thumbHeight)) scratch.lockFocus() AppKit.NSGraphicsContext.currentContext().setImageInterpolation_( AppKit.NSImageInterpolationHigh) thumbRect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0.0, 0.0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight) clipRect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0.0, thumbHeight-options.clipheight, options.clipwidth, options.clipheight) bitmapdata.drawInRect_(thumbRect) thumbOutput = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc().initWithFocusedViewRect_(thumbRect) clipOutput = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc().initWithFocusedViewRect_(clipRect) scratch.unlockFocus() # save the thumbnails as pngs if options.thumb: thumbOutput.representationUsingType_properties_( AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None ).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-thumb.png",objc.YES) if options.clipped: clipOutput.representationUsingType_properties_( AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None ).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-clipped.png",objc.YES) def getURL(self,webview): if self.urls: if self.urls[0] == '-': url = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip() if not url: AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) else: url = self.urls.pop(0) else: AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) print "Fetching", url, "..." self.resetWebview(webview) webview.mainFrame().loadRequest_(Foundation.NSURLRequest.requestWithURL_(Foundation.NSURL.URLWithString_(url))) if not webview.mainFrame().provisionalDataSource(): print " ... not a proper url?" self.getURL(webview) def resetWebview(self,webview): rect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0,0,self.options.initWidth,self.options.initHeight) webview.window().setContentSize_((self.options.initWidth,self.options.initHeight)) webview.setFrame_(rect) def resizeWebview(self,view): view.window().display() view.window().setContentSize_(view.bounds().size) view.setFrame_(view.bounds()) def captureView(self,view): view.lockFocus() bitmapdata = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc() bitmapdata.initWithFocusedViewRect_(view.bounds()) view.unlockFocus() return bitmapdata # what happens when the page has finished loading def webView_didFinishLoadForFrame_(self,webview,frame): # don't care about subframes if (frame == webview.mainFrame()): Foundation.NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval_target_selector_userInfo_repeats_( self.options.delay, self, self.doGrab, webview, False) def doGrab(self,timer): webview = timer.userInfo() view = webview.mainFrame().frameView().documentView() self.resizeWebview(view) URL = webview.mainFrame().dataSource().initialRequest().URL().absoluteString() filename = self.makeFilename(URL, self.options) bitmapdata = self.captureView(view) self.saveImages(bitmapdata,filename,self.options) print " ... done" self.getURL(webview) def main(): # parse the command line usage = """%prog [options] [http://example.net/ ...] examples: %prog http://google.com/ # screengrab google %prog -W 1000 -H 1000 http://google.com/ # bigger screengrab of google %prog -T http://google.com/ # just the thumbnail screengrab %prog -TF http://google.com/ # just thumbnail and fullsize grab %prog -o foo http://google.com/ # save images as "foo-thumb.png" etc %prog - # screengrab urls from stdin %prog -h | less # full documentation""" cmdparser = optparse.OptionParser(usage,version=("webkit2png "+__version__)) # TODO: add quiet/verbose options cmdparser.add_option("-W", "--width",type="float",default=1000.0, help="initial (and minimum) width of browser (default: 900)") cmdparser.add_option("-H", "--height",type="float",default=800.0, help="initial (and minimum) height of browser (default: 700)") cmdparser.add_option("--clipwidth",type="float",default=200.0, help="width of clipped thumbnail (default: 200)", metavar="WIDTH") cmdparser.add_option("--clipheight",type="float",default=150.0, help="height of clipped thumbnail (default: 150)", metavar="HEIGHT") cmdparser.add_option("-s", "--scale",type="float",default=0.16, help="scale factor for thumbnails (default: 0.25)") cmdparser.add_option("-m", "--md5", action="store_true", help="use md5 hash for filename (like del.icio.us)") cmdparser.add_option("-o", "--filename", type="string",default="", metavar="NAME", help="save images as NAME-full.png,NAME-thumb.png etc") cmdparser.add_option("-F", "--fullsize", action="store_true", help="only create fullsize screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-T", "--thumb", action="store_true", help="only create thumbnail sreenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-C", "--clipped", action="store_true", help="only create clipped thumbnail screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-d", "--datestamp", action="store_true", help="include date in filename") cmdparser.add_option("-D", "--dir",type="string",default="./", help="directory to place images into") cmdparser.add_option("--delay",type="float",default=0, help="delay between page load finishing and screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("--noimages", action="store_true", help="don't load images") cmdparser.add_option("--debug", action="store_true", help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP) (options, args) = cmdparser.parse_args() if len(args) == 0: cmdparser.print_usage() return if options.filename: if len(args) != 1 or args[0] == "-": print "--filename option requires exactly one url" return if options.scale == 0: cmdparser.error("scale cannot be zero") # make sure we're outputing something if not (options.fullsize or options.thumb or options.clipped): options.fullsize = True options.thumb = True options.clipped = True # work out the initial size of the browser window # (this might need to be larger so clipped image is right size) options.initWidth = (options.clipwidth / options.scale) options.initHeight = (options.clipheight / options.scale) if options.width>options.initWidth: options.initWidth = options.width if options.height>options.initHeight: options.initHeight = options.height app = AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication() # create an app delegate delegate = AppDelegate.alloc().init() AppKit.NSApp().setDelegate_(delegate) # create a window rect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0,0,100,100) win = AppKit.NSWindow.alloc() win.initWithContentRect_styleMask_backing_defer_ (rect, AppKit.NSBorderlessWindowMask, 2, 0) if options.debug: win.orderFrontRegardless() # create a webview object webview = WebKit.WebView.alloc() webview.initWithFrame_(rect) # turn off scrolling so the content is actually x wide and not x-15 webview.mainFrame().frameView().setAllowsScrolling_(objc.NO) webview.setPreferencesIdentifier_('webkit2png') webview.preferences().setLoadsImagesAutomatically_(not options.noimages) # add the webview to the window win.setContentView_(webview) # create a LoadDelegate loaddelegate = WebkitLoad.alloc().init() loaddelegate.options = options loaddelegate.urls = args webview.setFrameLoadDelegate_(loaddelegate) app.run() if __name__ == '__main__' : main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # webkit2png - makes screenshots of webpages # http://www.paulhammond.org/webkit2png __version__ = "0.5" # Copyright (c) 2009 Paul Hammond # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in # all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN # THE SOFTWARE. # import sys import optparse try: import Foundation import WebKit import AppKit import objc except ImportError: print "Cannot find pyobjc library files. Are you sure it is installed?" sys.exit() class AppDelegate (Foundation.NSObject): # what happens when the app starts up def applicationDidFinishLaunching_(self, aNotification): webview = aNotification.object().windows()[0].contentView() webview.frameLoadDelegate().getURL(webview) class WebkitLoad (Foundation.NSObject, WebKit.protocols.WebFrameLoadDelegate): # what happens if something goes wrong while loading def webView_didFailLoadWithError_forFrame_(self,webview,error,frame): print " ... something went wrong" self.getURL(webview) def webView_didFailProvisionalLoadWithError_forFrame_(self,webview,error,frame): print " ... something went wrong" self.getURL(webview) def makeFilename(self,URL,options): # make the filename if options.filename: filename = options.filename elif options.md5: try: import md5 except ImportError: print "--md5 requires python md5 library" AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) filename = md5.new(URL).hexdigest() else: import re filename = re.sub('\W','',URL); filename = re.sub('^http','',filename); if options.datestamp: import time now = time.strftime("%Y%m%d") filename = now + "-" + filename import os dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(options.dir)) return os.path.join(dir,filename) def saveImages(self,bitmapdata,filename,options): # save the fullsize png if options.fullsize: bitmapdata.representationUsingType_properties_(AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-full.png",objc.YES) if options.thumb or options.clipped: # work out how big the thumbnail is width = bitmapdata.pixelsWide() height = bitmapdata.pixelsHigh() thumbWidth = (width * options.scale) thumbHeight = (height * options.scale) # make the thumbnails in a scratch image scratch = AppKit.NSImage.alloc().initWithSize_( Foundation.NSMakeSize(thumbWidth,thumbHeight)) scratch.lockFocus() AppKit.NSGraphicsContext.currentContext().setImageInterpolation_( AppKit.NSImageInterpolationHigh) thumbRect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0.0, 0.0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight) clipRect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0.0, thumbHeight-options.clipheight, options.clipwidth, options.clipheight) bitmapdata.drawInRect_(thumbRect) thumbOutput = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc().initWithFocusedViewRect_(thumbRect) clipOutput = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc().initWithFocusedViewRect_(clipRect) scratch.unlockFocus() # save the thumbnails as pngs if options.thumb: thumbOutput.representationUsingType_properties_( AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None ).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-thumb.png",objc.YES) if options.clipped: clipOutput.representationUsingType_properties_( AppKit.NSPNGFileType,None ).writeToFile_atomically_(filename + "-clipped.png",objc.YES) def getURL(self,webview): if self.urls: if self.urls[0] == '-': url = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip() if not url: AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) else: url = self.urls.pop(0) else: AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate_(None) print "Fetching", url, "..." self.resetWebview(webview) webview.mainFrame().loadRequest_(Foundation.NSURLRequest.requestWithURL_(Foundation.NSURL.URLWithString_(url))) if not webview.mainFrame().provisionalDataSource(): print " ... not a proper url?" self.getURL(webview) def resetWebview(self,webview): rect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0,0,self.options.initWidth,self.options.initHeight) webview.window().setContentSize_((self.options.initWidth,self.options.initHeight)) webview.setFrame_(rect) def resizeWebview(self,view): view.window().display() view.window().setContentSize_(view.bounds().size) view.setFrame_(view.bounds()) def captureView(self,view): view.lockFocus() bitmapdata = AppKit.NSBitmapImageRep.alloc() bitmapdata.initWithFocusedViewRect_(view.bounds()) view.unlockFocus() return bitmapdata # what happens when the page has finished loading def webView_didFinishLoadForFrame_(self,webview,frame): # don't care about subframes if (frame == webview.mainFrame()): Foundation.NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval_target_selector_userInfo_repeats_( self.options.delay, self, self.doGrab, webview, False) def doGrab(self,timer): webview = timer.userInfo() view = webview.mainFrame().frameView().documentView() self.resizeWebview(view) URL = webview.mainFrame().dataSource().initialRequest().URL().absoluteString() filename = self.makeFilename(URL, self.options) bitmapdata = self.captureView(view) self.saveImages(bitmapdata,filename,self.options) print " ... done" self.getURL(webview) def main(): # parse the command line usage = """%prog [options] [http://example.net/ ...] examples: %prog http://google.com/ # screengrab google %prog -W 1000 -H 1000 http://google.com/ # bigger screengrab of google %prog -T http://google.com/ # just the thumbnail screengrab %prog -TF http://google.com/ # just thumbnail and fullsize grab %prog -o foo http://google.com/ # save images as "foo-thumb.png" etc %prog - # screengrab urls from stdin %prog -h | less # full documentation""" cmdparser = optparse.OptionParser(usage,version=("webkit2png "+__version__)) # TODO: add quiet/verbose options cmdparser.add_option("-W", "--width",type="float",default=1000.0, help="initial (and minimum) width of browser (default: 900)") cmdparser.add_option("-H", "--height",type="float",default=800.0, help="initial (and minimum) height of browser (default: 700)") cmdparser.add_option("--clipwidth",type="float",default=200.0, help="width of clipped thumbnail (default: 200)", metavar="WIDTH") cmdparser.add_option("--clipheight",type="float",default=150.0, help="height of clipped thumbnail (default: 150)", metavar="HEIGHT") cmdparser.add_option("-s", "--scale",type="float",default=0.16, help="scale factor for thumbnails (default: 0.25)") cmdparser.add_option("-m", "--md5", action="store_true", help="use md5 hash for filename (like del.icio.us)") cmdparser.add_option("-o", "--filename", type="string",default="", metavar="NAME", help="save images as NAME-full.png,NAME-thumb.png etc") cmdparser.add_option("-F", "--fullsize", action="store_true", help="only create fullsize screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-T", "--thumb", action="store_true", help="only create thumbnail sreenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-C", "--clipped", action="store_true", help="only create clipped thumbnail screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("-d", "--datestamp", action="store_true", help="include date in filename") cmdparser.add_option("-D", "--dir",type="string",default="./", help="directory to place images into") cmdparser.add_option("--delay",type="float",default=0, help="delay between page load finishing and screenshot") cmdparser.add_option("--noimages", action="store_true", help="don't load images") cmdparser.add_option("--debug", action="store_true", help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP) (options, args) = cmdparser.parse_args() if len(args) == 0: cmdparser.print_usage() return if options.filename: if len(args) != 1 or args[0] == "-": print "--filename option requires exactly one url" return if options.scale == 0: cmdparser.error("scale cannot be zero") # make sure we're outputing something if not (options.fullsize or options.thumb or options.clipped): options.fullsize = True options.thumb = True options.clipped = True # work out the initial size of the browser window # (this might need to be larger so clipped image is right size) options.initWidth = (options.clipwidth / options.scale) options.initHeight = (options.clipheight / options.scale) if options.width>options.initWidth: options.initWidth = options.width if options.height>options.initHeight: options.initHeight = options.height app = AppKit.NSApplication.sharedApplication() # create an app delegate delegate = AppDelegate.alloc().init() AppKit.NSApp().setDelegate_(delegate) # create a window rect = Foundation.NSMakeRect(0,0,100,100) win = AppKit.NSWindow.alloc() win.initWithContentRect_styleMask_backing_defer_ (rect, AppKit.NSBorderlessWindowMask, 2, 0) if options.debug: win.orderFrontRegardless() # create a webview object webview = WebKit.WebView.alloc() webview.initWithFrame_(rect) # turn off scrolling so the content is actually x wide and not x-15 webview.mainFrame().frameView().setAllowsScrolling_(objc.NO) webview.setPreferencesIdentifier_('webkit2png') webview.preferences().setLoadsImagesAutomatically_(not options.noimages) # add the webview to the window win.setContentView_(webview) # create a LoadDelegate loaddelegate = WebkitLoad.alloc().init() loaddelegate.options = options loaddelegate.urls = args webview.setFrameLoadDelegate_(loaddelegate) app.run() if __name__ == '__main__' : main()
Python
import shutil import os import os.path def run(cmd): print("\nRunning command: " + cmd) assert os.system(cmd) == 0, "\nCommand failed: " + cmd def go(work_dir): os.chdir(work_dir) assert os.path.exists('maven') print("Copying maven-metdata.xml files...") shutil.copy('maven/repository/org/mockito/mockito-all/maven-metadata.xml', 'maven/mockito-all-metadata.xml') shutil.copy('maven/repository/org/mockito/mockito-core/maven-metadata.xml', 'maven/mockito-core-metadata.xml') print("Checking-in maven-metdata.xml files...") run('svn ci -m "updated maven metadata so that versions history is properly maintained in the metadata" maven') in_trunk_already = os.stat('maven') == os.stat('../mockito-java/maven') if (not in_trunk_already): print("Merging the changes to maven metadata files to trunk") shutil.copy('maven/repository/org/mockito/mockito-all/maven-metadata.xml', '../mockito-java/maven/mockito-all-metadata.xml') shutil.copy('maven/repository/org/mockito/mockito-core/maven-metadata.xml', '../mockito-java/maven/mockito-core-metadata.xml') run('svn ci -m "updated maven metadata so that versions history is properly maintained in the metadata" ../mockito-java/maven') if (__name__ == '__main__'): go('..')
Python
#This script is not really portable. It's just to automate some manual steps I usually do when releasing. #It might evolve into someting more robust but for now it's ok for me. import os import shutil def run(cmd): print("\nRunning command: " + cmd) if os.system(cmd) == 0: print("\nWarning, command failed: " + cmd) ver = raw_input("Specify the version to try to delete, e.g. 1.9:") branch = 'https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/branches/' + ver tag = 'https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/tags/' + ver run('svn delete -m "removed botched branch" ' + branch) run('svn delete -m "removed botched tag" ' + tag) shutil.rmtree("../../mockito-1.8.5", 1)
Python
#This script is not really portable. It's just to automate some manual steps I usually do when releasing. #It might evolve into someting more robust but for now it's ok for me. import os def run(cmd): print("\nRunning command: " + cmd) assert os.system(cmd) == 0, "\nCommand failed: " + cmd ant_cmd = 'ant test.release release.javadoc release.maven' raw_input("It is wise to run following command first: \n\n" + ant_cmd + "\n\nIt's because ant some times provides wrong return code.\nAny key to continue") run('ruby replace_headers.rb') ok = raw_input("Make sure NOW if all you need is checked in.\nTHERE SHOULD BE NO CHANGED FILES!!!.\nProceed? (Y/N):") if ok != "Y": print "Exited on user request" exit(1) ver = raw_input("Specify the version, e.g. 1.9:") branch = 'https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/branches/' + ver run('svn copy -m "branched before release" https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/trunk ' + branch) run('svn co ' + branch + ' ../../mockito-' + ver) print("Switching to ../../mockito-" + ver + " folder") branch_work_dir = '../../mockito-' + ver os.chdir(branch_work_dir) print("Updating version.properties to " + ver) f = open('version.properties', 'w') f.write('version=' + ver) f.close() run(ant_cmd) run('svn add javadoc/*') run('svn ps -R svn:mime-type text/html javadoc/*') run('svn ps -R svn:mime-type text/css javadoc/stylesheet.css') run('svn ci -m "released javadoc, updated version"') import release_maven release_maven.go('.') print("Tagging...") tag = 'https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/tags/' + ver run('svn copy -m "Tagged new release" ' + branch + ' ' + tag) print("Removing 'latest' tag...") latest_tag = 'https://mockito.googlecode.com/svn/tags/latest' run('svn delete -m "Removed previous latest tag" ' + latest_tag) print("Creating new 'latest' tag...") run('svn copy -m "Tagged latest release" ' + branch + ' ' + latest_tag) print("Uploading binaries to the googlecode") os.chdir('releasing') import google_upload import sys sys.argv.append('--project=mockito') sys.argv.append('--user=szczepiq') base_args = sys.argv[:] sys.argv.append('--summary=All jars, source and javadocs') sys.argv.append('../target/mockito-' + ver + '.zip') google_upload.main() sys.argv = base_args sys.argv.append("--summary=Single jar, includes source") sys.argv.append('../target/mockito-all-' + ver + '.jar') google_upload.main() print("") print("Last step! Please perform rsync command from folder '" + branch_work_dir + "'. This is how you do it:") print("Dry run:") print("rsync -rvn -e \"ssh -i ../rsync.mockito.key\" maven/repository/ mockito@wamblee.org:/") print("Run:") print("rsync -rv -e \"ssh -i ../rsync.mockito.key\" maven/repository/ mockito@wamblee.org:/")
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2006, 2007 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. # Author: danderson@google.com (David Anderson) # # Script for uploading files to a Google Code project. # # This is intended to be both a useful script for people who want to # streamline project uploads and a reference implementation for # uploading files to Google Code projects. # # To upload a file to Google Code, you need to provide a path to the # file on your local machine, a small summary of what the file is, a # project name, and a valid account that is a member or owner of that # project. You can optionally provide a list of labels that apply to # the file. The file will be uploaded under the same name that it has # in your local filesystem (that is, the "basename" or last path # component). Run the script with '--help' to get the exact syntax # and available options. # # Note that the upload script requests that you enter your # googlecode.com password. This is NOT your Gmail account password! # This is the password you use on googlecode.com for committing to # Subversion and uploading files. You can find your password by going # to http://code.google.com/hosting/settings when logged in with your # Gmail account. If you have already committed to your project's # Subversion repository, the script will automatically retrieve your # credentials from there (unless disabled, see the output of '--help' # for details). # # If you are looking at this script as a reference for implementing # your own Google Code file uploader, then you should take a look at # the upload() function, which is the meat of the uploader. You # basically need to build a multipart/form-data POST request with the # right fields and send it to https://PROJECT.googlecode.com/files . # Authenticate the request using HTTP Basic authentication, as is # shown below. # # Licensed under the terms of the Apache Software License 2.0: # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Questions, comments, feature requests and patches are most welcome. # Please direct all of these to the Google Code users group: # http://groups.google.com/group/google-code-hosting """Google Code file uploader script. """ __author__ = 'danderson@google.com (David Anderson)' import httplib import os.path import optparse import getpass import base64 import sys def get_svn_config_dir(): """Return user's Subversion configuration directory.""" try: from win32com.shell.shell import SHGetFolderPath import win32com.shell.shellcon except ImportError: # If we can't import the win32api, just use ~; this is right on unix, and # returns not entirely unreasonable results on Windows. return os.path.expanduser('~/.subversion') # We're on Windows with win32api; use APPDATA. return os.path.join(SHGetFolderPath(0, win32com.shell.shellcon.CSIDL_APPDATA, 0, 0).encode('utf-8'), 'Subversion') def get_svn_auth(project_name, config_dir): """Return (username, password) for project_name in config_dir.""" # Default to returning nothing. result = (None, None) try: from svn.core import SVN_AUTH_CRED_SIMPLE, svn_config_read_auth_data from svn.core import SubversionException except ImportError: return result realm = ('<https://%s.googlecode.com:443> Google Code Subversion Repository' % project_name) # auth may be none even if no exception is raised, e.g. if config_dir does # not exist, or exists but has no entry for realm. try: auth = svn_config_read_auth_data(SVN_AUTH_CRED_SIMPLE, realm, config_dir) except SubversionException: auth = None if auth is not None: try: result = (auth['username'], auth['password']) except KeyError: # Missing the keys, so return nothing. pass return result def upload(file, project_name, user_name, password, summary, labels=None): """Upload a file to a Google Code project's file server. Args: file: The local path to the file. project_name: The name of your project on Google Code. user_name: Your Google account name. password: The googlecode.com password for your account. Note that this is NOT your global Google Account password! summary: A small description for the file. labels: an optional list of label strings with which to tag the file. Returns: a tuple: http_status: 201 if the upload succeeded, something else if an error occured. http_reason: The human-readable string associated with http_status file_url: If the upload succeeded, the URL of the file on Google Code, None otherwise. """ # The login is the user part of user@gmail.com. If the login provided # is in the full user@domain form, strip it down. if user_name.endswith('@gmail.com'): user_name = user_name[:user_name.index('@gmail.com')] form_fields = [('summary', summary)] if labels is not None: form_fields.extend([('label', l.strip()) for l in labels]) content_type, body = encode_upload_request(form_fields, file) upload_host = '%s.googlecode.com' % project_name upload_uri = '/files' auth_token = base64.b64encode('%s:%s'% (user_name, password)) headers = { 'Authorization': 'Basic %s' % auth_token, 'User-Agent': 'Googlecode.com uploader v0.9.4', 'Content-Type': content_type, } server = httplib.HTTPSConnection(upload_host) server.request('POST', upload_uri, body, headers) resp = server.getresponse() server.close() if resp.status == 201: location = resp.getheader('Location', None) else: location = None return resp.status, resp.reason, location def encode_upload_request(fields, file_path): """Encode the given fields and file into a multipart form body. fields is a sequence of (name, value) pairs. file is the path of the file to upload. The file will be uploaded to Google Code with the same file name. Returns: (content_type, body) ready for httplib.HTTP instance """ BOUNDARY = '----------Googlecode_boundary_reindeer_flotilla' CRLF = '\r\n' body = [] # Add the metadata about the upload first for key, value in fields: body.extend( ['--' + BOUNDARY, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key, '', value, ]) # Now add the file itself file_name = os.path.basename(file_path) f = open(file_path, 'rb') file_content = f.read() f.close() body.extend( ['--' + BOUNDARY, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"; filename="%s"' % file_name, # The upload server determines the mime-type, no need to set it. 'Content-Type: application/octet-stream', '', file_content, ]) # Finalize the form body body.extend(['--' + BOUNDARY + '--', '']) return 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY, CRLF.join(body) def upload_find_auth(file_path, project_name, summary, labels=None, config_dir=None, user_name=None, tries=3): """Find credentials and upload a file to a Google Code project's file server. file_path, project_name, summary, and labels are passed as-is to upload. If config_dir is None, try get_svn_config_dir(); if it is 'none', skip trying the Subversion configuration entirely. If user_name is not None, use it for the first attempt; prompt for subsequent attempts. Args: file_path: The local path to the file. project_name: The name of your project on Google Code. summary: A small description for the file. labels: an optional list of label strings with which to tag the file. config_dir: Path to Subversion configuration directory, 'none', or None. user_name: Your Google account name. tries: How many attempts to make. """ if config_dir != 'none': # Try to load username/password from svn config for first try. if config_dir is None: config_dir = get_svn_config_dir() (svn_username, password) = get_svn_auth(project_name, config_dir) if user_name is None: # If username was not supplied by caller, use svn config. user_name = svn_username else: # Just initialize password for the first try. password = None while tries > 0: if user_name is None: # Read username if not specified or loaded from svn config, or on # subsequent tries. sys.stdout.write('Please enter your googlecode.com username: ') sys.stdout.flush() user_name = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip() if password is None: # Read password if not loaded from svn config, or on subsequent tries. print 'Please enter your googlecode.com password.' print '** Note that this is NOT your Gmail account password! **' print 'It is the password you use to access Subversion repositories,' print 'and can be found here: http://code.google.com/hosting/settings' password = getpass.getpass() status, reason, url = upload(file_path, project_name, user_name, password, summary, labels) # Returns 403 Forbidden instead of 401 Unauthorized for bad # credentials as of 2007-07-17. if status in [httplib.FORBIDDEN, httplib.UNAUTHORIZED]: # Rest for another try. user_name = password = None tries = tries - 1 else: # We're done. break return status, reason, url def main(): parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='googlecode-upload.py -s SUMMARY ' '-p PROJECT [options] FILE') parser.add_option('--config-dir', dest='config_dir', metavar='DIR', help='read svn auth data from DIR' ' ("none" means not to use svn auth data)') parser.add_option('-s', '--summary', dest='summary', help='Short description of the file') parser.add_option('-p', '--project', dest='project', help='Google Code project name') parser.add_option('-u', '--user', dest='user', help='Your Google Code username') parser.add_option('-l', '--labels', dest='labels', help='An optional list of labels to attach to the file') options, args = parser.parse_args() if not options.summary: parser.error('File summary is missing.') elif not options.project: parser.error('Project name is missing.') elif len(args) < 1: parser.error('File to upload not provided.') elif len(args) > 1: parser.error('Only one file may be specified.') file_path = args[0] if options.labels: labels = options.labels.split(',') else: labels = None status, reason, url = upload_find_auth(file_path, options.project, options.summary, labels, options.config_dir, options.user) if url: print 'The file was uploaded successfully.' print 'URL: %s' % url return 0 else: print 'An error occurred. Your file was not uploaded.' print 'Google Code upload server said: %s (%s)' % (reason, status) return 1 if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main())
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2007 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Tool for uploading diffs from a version control system to the codereview app. Usage summary: upload.py [options] [-- diff_options] Diff options are passed to the diff command of the underlying system. Supported version control systems: Git Mercurial Subversion It is important for Git/Mercurial users to specify a tree/node/branch to diff against by using the '--rev' option. """ # This code is derived from appcfg.py in the App Engine SDK (open source), # and from ASPN recipe #146306. import ConfigParser import cookielib import fnmatch import getpass import logging import mimetypes import optparse import os import re import socket import subprocess import sys import urllib import urllib2 import urlparse # The md5 module was deprecated in Python 2.5. try: from hashlib import md5 except ImportError: from md5 import md5 try: import readline except ImportError: pass try: import keyring except ImportError: keyring = None # The logging verbosity: # 0: Errors only. # 1: Status messages. # 2: Info logs. # 3: Debug logs. verbosity = 1 # The account type used for authentication. # This line could be changed by the review server (see handler for # upload.py). AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE = "GOOGLE" # URL of the default review server. As for AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE, this line could be # changed by the review server (see handler for upload.py). DEFAULT_REVIEW_SERVER = "codereview.appspot.com" # Max size of patch or base file. MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE = 900 * 1024 # Constants for version control names. Used by GuessVCSName. VCS_GIT = "Git" VCS_MERCURIAL = "Mercurial" VCS_SUBVERSION = "Subversion" VCS_UNKNOWN = "Unknown" # whitelist for non-binary filetypes which do not start with "text/" # .mm (Objective-C) shows up as application/x-freemind on my Linux box. TEXT_MIMETYPES = ['application/javascript', 'application/x-javascript', 'application/xml', 'application/x-freemind', 'application/x-sh'] VCS_ABBREVIATIONS = { VCS_MERCURIAL.lower(): VCS_MERCURIAL, "hg": VCS_MERCURIAL, VCS_SUBVERSION.lower(): VCS_SUBVERSION, "svn": VCS_SUBVERSION, VCS_GIT.lower(): VCS_GIT, } # The result of parsing Subversion's [auto-props] setting. svn_auto_props_map = None def GetEmail(prompt): """Prompts the user for their email address and returns it. The last used email address is saved to a file and offered up as a suggestion to the user. If the user presses enter without typing in anything the last used email address is used. If the user enters a new address, it is saved for next time we prompt. """ last_email_file_name = os.path.expanduser("~/.last_codereview_email_address") last_email = "" if os.path.exists(last_email_file_name): try: last_email_file = open(last_email_file_name, "r") last_email = last_email_file.readline().strip("\n") last_email_file.close() prompt += " [%s]" % last_email except IOError, e: pass email = raw_input(prompt + ": ").strip() if email: try: last_email_file = open(last_email_file_name, "w") last_email_file.write(email) last_email_file.close() except IOError, e: pass else: email = last_email return email def StatusUpdate(msg): """Print a status message to stdout. If 'verbosity' is greater than 0, print the message. Args: msg: The string to print. """ if verbosity > 0: print msg def ErrorExit(msg): """Print an error message to stderr and exit.""" print >>sys.stderr, msg sys.exit(1) class ClientLoginError(urllib2.HTTPError): """Raised to indicate there was an error authenticating with ClientLogin.""" def __init__(self, url, code, msg, headers, args): urllib2.HTTPError.__init__(self, url, code, msg, headers, None) self.args = args self.reason = args["Error"] class AbstractRpcServer(object): """Provides a common interface for a simple RPC server.""" def __init__(self, host, auth_function, host_override=None, extra_headers={}, save_cookies=False, account_type=AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE): """Creates a new HttpRpcServer. Args: host: The host to send requests to. auth_function: A function that takes no arguments and returns an (email, password) tuple when called. Will be called if authentication is required. host_override: The host header to send to the server (defaults to host). extra_headers: A dict of extra headers to append to every request. save_cookies: If True, save the authentication cookies to local disk. If False, use an in-memory cookiejar instead. Subclasses must implement this functionality. Defaults to False. account_type: Account type used for authentication. Defaults to AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE. """ self.host = host if (not self.host.startswith("http://") and not self.host.startswith("https://")): self.host = "http://" + self.host self.host_override = host_override self.auth_function = auth_function self.authenticated = False self.extra_headers = extra_headers self.save_cookies = save_cookies self.account_type = account_type self.opener = self._GetOpener() if self.host_override: logging.info("Server: %s; Host: %s", self.host, self.host_override) else: logging.info("Server: %s", self.host) def _GetOpener(self): """Returns an OpenerDirector for making HTTP requests. Returns: A urllib2.OpenerDirector object. """ raise NotImplementedError() def _CreateRequest(self, url, data=None): """Creates a new urllib request.""" logging.debug("Creating request for: '%s' with payload:\n%s", url, data) req = urllib2.Request(url, data=data) if self.host_override: req.add_header("Host", self.host_override) for key, value in self.extra_headers.iteritems(): req.add_header(key, value) return req def _GetAuthToken(self, email, password): """Uses ClientLogin to authenticate the user, returning an auth token. Args: email: The user's email address password: The user's password Raises: ClientLoginError: If there was an error authenticating with ClientLogin. HTTPError: If there was some other form of HTTP error. Returns: The authentication token returned by ClientLogin. """ account_type = self.account_type if self.host.endswith(".google.com"): # Needed for use inside Google. account_type = "HOSTED" req = self._CreateRequest( url="https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin", data=urllib.urlencode({ "Email": email, "Passwd": password, "service": "ah", "source": "rietveld-codereview-upload", "accountType": account_type, }), ) try: response = self.opener.open(req) response_body = response.read() response_dict = dict(x.split("=") for x in response_body.split("\n") if x) return response_dict["Auth"] except urllib2.HTTPError, e: if e.code == 403: body = e.read() response_dict = dict(x.split("=", 1) for x in body.split("\n") if x) raise ClientLoginError(req.get_full_url(), e.code, e.msg, e.headers, response_dict) else: raise def _GetAuthCookie(self, auth_token): """Fetches authentication cookies for an authentication token. Args: auth_token: The authentication token returned by ClientLogin. Raises: HTTPError: If there was an error fetching the authentication cookies. """ # This is a dummy value to allow us to identify when we're successful. continue_location = "http://localhost/" args = {"continue": continue_location, "auth": auth_token} req = self._CreateRequest("%s/_ah/login?%s" % (self.host, urllib.urlencode(args))) try: response = self.opener.open(req) except urllib2.HTTPError, e: response = e if (response.code != 302 or response.info()["location"] != continue_location): raise urllib2.HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), response.code, response.msg, response.headers, response.fp) self.authenticated = True def _Authenticate(self): """Authenticates the user. The authentication process works as follows: 1) We get a username and password from the user 2) We use ClientLogin to obtain an AUTH token for the user (see http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/AuthForInstalledApps.html). 3) We pass the auth token to /_ah/login on the server to obtain an authentication cookie. If login was successful, it tries to redirect us to the URL we provided. If we attempt to access the upload API without first obtaining an authentication cookie, it returns a 401 response (or a 302) and directs us to authenticate ourselves with ClientLogin. """ for i in range(3): credentials = self.auth_function() try: auth_token = self._GetAuthToken(credentials[0], credentials[1]) except ClientLoginError, e: if e.reason == "BadAuthentication": print >>sys.stderr, "Invalid username or password." continue if e.reason == "CaptchaRequired": print >>sys.stderr, ( "Please go to\n" "https://www.google.com/accounts/DisplayUnlockCaptcha\n" "and verify you are a human. Then try again.\n" "If you are using a Google Apps account the URL is:\n" "https://www.google.com/a/yourdomain.com/UnlockCaptcha") break if e.reason == "NotVerified": print >>sys.stderr, "Account not verified." break if e.reason == "TermsNotAgreed": print >>sys.stderr, "User has not agreed to TOS." break if e.reason == "AccountDeleted": print >>sys.stderr, "The user account has been deleted." break if e.reason == "AccountDisabled": print >>sys.stderr, "The user account has been disabled." break if e.reason == "ServiceDisabled": print >>sys.stderr, ("The user's access to the service has been " "disabled.") break if e.reason == "ServiceUnavailable": print >>sys.stderr, "The service is not available; try again later." break raise self._GetAuthCookie(auth_token) return def Send(self, request_path, payload=None, content_type="application/octet-stream", timeout=None, extra_headers=None, **kwargs): """Sends an RPC and returns the response. Args: request_path: The path to send the request to, eg /api/appversion/create. payload: The body of the request, or None to send an empty request. content_type: The Content-Type header to use. timeout: timeout in seconds; default None i.e. no timeout. (Note: for large requests on OS X, the timeout doesn't work right.) extra_headers: Dict containing additional HTTP headers that should be included in the request (string header names mapped to their values), or None to not include any additional headers. kwargs: Any keyword arguments are converted into query string parameters. Returns: The response body, as a string. """ # TODO: Don't require authentication. Let the server say # whether it is necessary. if not self.authenticated: self._Authenticate() old_timeout = socket.getdefaulttimeout() socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout) try: tries = 0 while True: tries += 1 args = dict(kwargs) url = "%s%s" % (self.host, request_path) if args: url += "?" + urllib.urlencode(args) req = self._CreateRequest(url=url, data=payload) req.add_header("Content-Type", content_type) if extra_headers: for header, value in extra_headers.items(): req.add_header(header, value) try: f = self.opener.open(req) response = f.read() f.close() return response except urllib2.HTTPError, e: if tries > 3: raise elif e.code == 401 or e.code == 302: self._Authenticate() ## elif e.code >= 500 and e.code < 600: ## # Server Error - try again. ## continue else: raise finally: socket.setdefaulttimeout(old_timeout) class HttpRpcServer(AbstractRpcServer): """Provides a simplified RPC-style interface for HTTP requests.""" def _Authenticate(self): """Save the cookie jar after authentication.""" super(HttpRpcServer, self)._Authenticate() if self.save_cookies: StatusUpdate("Saving authentication cookies to %s" % self.cookie_file) self.cookie_jar.save() def _GetOpener(self): """Returns an OpenerDirector that supports cookies and ignores redirects. Returns: A urllib2.OpenerDirector object. """ opener = urllib2.OpenerDirector() opener.add_handler(urllib2.ProxyHandler()) opener.add_handler(urllib2.UnknownHandler()) opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPHandler()) opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler()) opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler()) opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPErrorProcessor()) if self.save_cookies: self.cookie_file = os.path.expanduser("~/.codereview_upload_cookies") self.cookie_jar = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar(self.cookie_file) if os.path.exists(self.cookie_file): try: self.cookie_jar.load() self.authenticated = True StatusUpdate("Loaded authentication cookies from %s" % self.cookie_file) except (cookielib.LoadError, IOError): # Failed to load cookies - just ignore them. pass else: # Create an empty cookie file with mode 600 fd = os.open(self.cookie_file, os.O_CREAT, 0600) os.close(fd) # Always chmod the cookie file os.chmod(self.cookie_file, 0600) else: # Don't save cookies across runs of update.py. self.cookie_jar = cookielib.CookieJar() opener.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(self.cookie_jar)) return opener parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="%prog [options] [-- diff_options]") parser.add_option("-y", "--assume_yes", action="store_true", dest="assume_yes", default=False, help="Assume that the answer to yes/no questions is 'yes'.") # Logging group = parser.add_option_group("Logging options") group.add_option("-q", "--quiet", action="store_const", const=0, dest="verbose", help="Print errors only.") group.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_const", const=2, dest="verbose", default=1, help="Print info level logs (default).") group.add_option("--noisy", action="store_const", const=3, dest="verbose", help="Print all logs.") # Review server group = parser.add_option_group("Review server options") group.add_option("-s", "--server", action="store", dest="server", default=DEFAULT_REVIEW_SERVER, metavar="SERVER", help=("The server to upload to. The format is host[:port]. " "Defaults to '%default'.")) group.add_option("-e", "--email", action="store", dest="email", metavar="EMAIL", default=None, help="The username to use. Will prompt if omitted.") group.add_option("-H", "--host", action="store", dest="host", metavar="HOST", default=None, help="Overrides the Host header sent with all RPCs.") group.add_option("--no_cookies", action="store_false", dest="save_cookies", default=True, help="Do not save authentication cookies to local disk.") group.add_option("--account_type", action="store", dest="account_type", metavar="TYPE", default=AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE, choices=["GOOGLE", "HOSTED"], help=("Override the default account type " "(defaults to '%default', " "valid choices are 'GOOGLE' and 'HOSTED').")) # Issue group = parser.add_option_group("Issue options") group.add_option("-d", "--description", action="store", dest="description", metavar="DESCRIPTION", default=None, help="Optional description when creating an issue.") group.add_option("-f", "--description_file", action="store", dest="description_file", metavar="DESCRIPTION_FILE", default=None, help="Optional path of a file that contains " "the description when creating an issue.") group.add_option("-r", "--reviewers", action="store", dest="reviewers", metavar="REVIEWERS", default=None, help="Add reviewers (comma separated email addresses).") group.add_option("--cc", action="store", dest="cc", metavar="CC", default=None, help="Add CC (comma separated email addresses).") group.add_option("--private", action="store_true", dest="private", default=False, help="Make the issue restricted to reviewers and those CCed") # Upload options group = parser.add_option_group("Patch options") group.add_option("-m", "--message", action="store", dest="message", metavar="MESSAGE", default=None, help="A message to identify the patch. " "Will prompt if omitted.") group.add_option("-i", "--issue", type="int", action="store", metavar="ISSUE", default=None, help="Issue number to which to add. Defaults to new issue.") group.add_option("--base_url", action="store", dest="base_url", default=None, help="Base repository URL (listed as \"Base URL\" when " "viewing issue). If omitted, will be guessed automatically " "for SVN repos and left blank for others.") group.add_option("--download_base", action="store_true", dest="download_base", default=False, help="Base files will be downloaded by the server " "(side-by-side diffs may not work on files with CRs).") group.add_option("--rev", action="store", dest="revision", metavar="REV", default=None, help="Base revision/branch/tree to diff against. Use " "rev1:rev2 range to review already committed changeset.") group.add_option("--send_mail", action="store_true", dest="send_mail", default=False, help="Send notification email to reviewers.") group.add_option("--vcs", action="store", dest="vcs", metavar="VCS", default=None, help=("Version control system (optional, usually upload.py " "already guesses the right VCS).")) group.add_option("--emulate_svn_auto_props", action="store_true", dest="emulate_svn_auto_props", default=False, help=("Emulate Subversion's auto properties feature.")) def GetRpcServer(server, email=None, host_override=None, save_cookies=True, account_type=AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE): """Returns an instance of an AbstractRpcServer. Args: server: String containing the review server URL. email: String containing user's email address. host_override: If not None, string containing an alternate hostname to use in the host header. save_cookies: Whether authentication cookies should be saved to disk. account_type: Account type for authentication, either 'GOOGLE' or 'HOSTED'. Defaults to AUTH_ACCOUNT_TYPE. Returns: A new AbstractRpcServer, on which RPC calls can be made. """ rpc_server_class = HttpRpcServer # If this is the dev_appserver, use fake authentication. host = (host_override or server).lower() if host == "localhost" or host.startswith("localhost:"): if email is None: email = "test@example.com" logging.info("Using debug user %s. Override with --email" % email) server = rpc_server_class( server, lambda: (email, "password"), host_override=host_override, extra_headers={"Cookie": 'dev_appserver_login="%s:False"' % email}, save_cookies=save_cookies, account_type=account_type) # Don't try to talk to ClientLogin. server.authenticated = True return server def GetUserCredentials(): """Prompts the user for a username and password.""" # Create a local alias to the email variable to avoid Python's crazy # scoping rules. local_email = email if local_email is None: local_email = GetEmail("Email (login for uploading to %s)" % server) password = None if keyring: password = keyring.get_password(host, local_email) if password is not None: print "Using password from system keyring." else: password = getpass.getpass("Password for %s: " % local_email) if keyring: answer = raw_input("Store password in system keyring?(y/N) ").strip() if answer == "y": keyring.set_password(host, local_email, password) return (local_email, password) return rpc_server_class(server, GetUserCredentials, host_override=host_override, save_cookies=save_cookies) def EncodeMultipartFormData(fields, files): """Encode form fields for multipart/form-data. Args: fields: A sequence of (name, value) elements for regular form fields. files: A sequence of (name, filename, value) elements for data to be uploaded as files. Returns: (content_type, body) ready for httplib.HTTP instance. Source: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/146306 """ BOUNDARY = '-M-A-G-I-C---B-O-U-N-D-A-R-Y-' CRLF = '\r\n' lines = [] for (key, value) in fields: lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY) lines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key) lines.append('') if isinstance(value, unicode): value = value.encode('utf-8') lines.append(value) for (key, filename, value) in files: lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY) lines.append('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (key, filename)) lines.append('Content-Type: %s' % GetContentType(filename)) lines.append('') if isinstance(value, unicode): value = value.encode('utf-8') lines.append(value) lines.append('--' + BOUNDARY + '--') lines.append('') body = CRLF.join(lines) content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY return content_type, body def GetContentType(filename): """Helper to guess the content-type from the filename.""" return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream' # Use a shell for subcommands on Windows to get a PATH search. use_shell = sys.platform.startswith("win") def RunShellWithReturnCode(command, print_output=False, universal_newlines=True, env=os.environ): """Executes a command and returns the output from stdout and the return code. Args: command: Command to execute. print_output: If True, the output is printed to stdout. If False, both stdout and stderr are ignored. universal_newlines: Use universal_newlines flag (default: True). Returns: Tuple (output, return code) """ logging.info("Running %s", command) p = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=use_shell, universal_newlines=universal_newlines, env=env) if print_output: output_array = [] while True: line = p.stdout.readline() if not line: break print line.strip("\n") output_array.append(line) output = "".join(output_array) else: output = p.stdout.read() p.wait() errout = p.stderr.read() if print_output and errout: print >>sys.stderr, errout p.stdout.close() p.stderr.close() return output, p.returncode def RunShell(command, silent_ok=False, universal_newlines=True, print_output=False, env=os.environ): data, retcode = RunShellWithReturnCode(command, print_output, universal_newlines, env) if retcode: ErrorExit("Got error status from %s:\n%s" % (command, data)) if not silent_ok and not data: ErrorExit("No output from %s" % command) return data class VersionControlSystem(object): """Abstract base class providing an interface to the VCS.""" def __init__(self, options): """Constructor. Args: options: Command line options. """ self.options = options def PostProcessDiff(self, diff): """Return the diff with any special post processing this VCS needs, e.g. to include an svn-style "Index:".""" return diff def GenerateDiff(self, args): """Return the current diff as a string. Args: args: Extra arguments to pass to the diff command. """ raise NotImplementedError( "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__) def GetUnknownFiles(self): """Return a list of files unknown to the VCS.""" raise NotImplementedError( "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__) def CheckForUnknownFiles(self): """Show an "are you sure?" prompt if there are unknown files.""" unknown_files = self.GetUnknownFiles() if unknown_files: print "The following files are not added to version control:" for line in unknown_files: print line prompt = "Are you sure to continue?(y/N) " answer = raw_input(prompt).strip() if answer != "y": ErrorExit("User aborted") def GetBaseFile(self, filename): """Get the content of the upstream version of a file. Returns: A tuple (base_content, new_content, is_binary, status) base_content: The contents of the base file. new_content: For text files, this is empty. For binary files, this is the contents of the new file, since the diff output won't contain information to reconstruct the current file. is_binary: True iff the file is binary. status: The status of the file. """ raise NotImplementedError( "abstract method -- subclass %s must override" % self.__class__) def GetBaseFiles(self, diff): """Helper that calls GetBase file for each file in the patch. Returns: A dictionary that maps from filename to GetBaseFile's tuple. Filenames are retrieved based on lines that start with "Index:" or "Property changes on:". """ files = {} for line in diff.splitlines(True): if line.startswith('Index:') or line.startswith('Property changes on:'): unused, filename = line.split(':', 1) # On Windows if a file has property changes its filename uses '\' # instead of '/'. filename = filename.strip().replace('\\', '/') files[filename] = self.GetBaseFile(filename) return files def UploadBaseFiles(self, issue, rpc_server, patch_list, patchset, options, files): """Uploads the base files (and if necessary, the current ones as well).""" def UploadFile(filename, file_id, content, is_binary, status, is_base): """Uploads a file to the server.""" file_too_large = False if is_base: type = "base" else: type = "current" if len(content) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE: print ("Not uploading the %s file for %s because it's too large." % (type, filename)) file_too_large = True content = "" checksum = md5(content).hexdigest() if options.verbose > 0 and not file_too_large: print "Uploading %s file for %s" % (type, filename) url = "/%d/upload_content/%d/%d" % (int(issue), int(patchset), file_id) form_fields = [("filename", filename), ("status", status), ("checksum", checksum), ("is_binary", str(is_binary)), ("is_current", str(not is_base)), ] if file_too_large: form_fields.append(("file_too_large", "1")) if options.email: form_fields.append(("user", options.email)) ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields, [("data", filename, content)]) response_body = rpc_server.Send(url, body, content_type=ctype) if not response_body.startswith("OK"): StatusUpdate(" --> %s" % response_body) sys.exit(1) patches = dict() [patches.setdefault(v, k) for k, v in patch_list] for filename in patches.keys(): base_content, new_content, is_binary, status = files[filename] file_id_str = patches.get(filename) if file_id_str.find("nobase") != -1: base_content = None file_id_str = file_id_str[file_id_str.rfind("_") + 1:] file_id = int(file_id_str) if base_content != None: UploadFile(filename, file_id, base_content, is_binary, status, True) if new_content != None: UploadFile(filename, file_id, new_content, is_binary, status, False) def IsImage(self, filename): """Returns true if the filename has an image extension.""" mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] if not mimetype: return False return mimetype.startswith("image/") def IsBinary(self, filename): """Returns true if the guessed mimetyped isnt't in text group.""" mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] if not mimetype: return False # e.g. README, "real" binaries usually have an extension # special case for text files which don't start with text/ if mimetype in TEXT_MIMETYPES: return False return not mimetype.startswith("text/") class SubversionVCS(VersionControlSystem): """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Subversion.""" def __init__(self, options): super(SubversionVCS, self).__init__(options) if self.options.revision: match = re.match(r"(\d+)(:(\d+))?", self.options.revision) if not match: ErrorExit("Invalid Subversion revision %s." % self.options.revision) self.rev_start = match.group(1) self.rev_end = match.group(3) else: self.rev_start = self.rev_end = None # Cache output from "svn list -r REVNO dirname". # Keys: dirname, Values: 2-tuple (ouput for start rev and end rev). self.svnls_cache = {} # Base URL is required to fetch files deleted in an older revision. # Result is cached to not guess it over and over again in GetBaseFile(). required = self.options.download_base or self.options.revision is not None self.svn_base = self._GuessBase(required) def GuessBase(self, required): """Wrapper for _GuessBase.""" return self.svn_base def _GuessBase(self, required): """Returns the SVN base URL. Args: required: If true, exits if the url can't be guessed, otherwise None is returned. """ info = RunShell(["svn", "info"]) for line in info.splitlines(): words = line.split() if len(words) == 2 and words[0] == "URL:": url = words[1] scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse.urlparse(url) username, netloc = urllib.splituser(netloc) if username: logging.info("Removed username from base URL") if netloc.endswith("svn.python.org"): if netloc == "svn.python.org": if path.startswith("/projects/"): path = path[9:] elif netloc != "pythondev@svn.python.org": ErrorExit("Unrecognized Python URL: %s" % url) base = "http://svn.python.org/view/*checkout*%s/" % path logging.info("Guessed Python base = %s", base) elif netloc.endswith("svn.collab.net"): if path.startswith("/repos/"): path = path[6:] base = "http://svn.collab.net/viewvc/*checkout*%s/" % path logging.info("Guessed CollabNet base = %s", base) elif netloc.endswith(".googlecode.com"): path = path + "/" base = urlparse.urlunparse(("http", netloc, path, params, query, fragment)) logging.info("Guessed Google Code base = %s", base) else: path = path + "/" base = urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)) logging.info("Guessed base = %s", base) return base if required: ErrorExit("Can't find URL in output from svn info") return None def GenerateDiff(self, args): cmd = ["svn", "diff"] if self.options.revision: cmd += ["-r", self.options.revision] cmd.extend(args) data = RunShell(cmd) count = 0 for line in data.splitlines(): if line.startswith("Index:") or line.startswith("Property changes on:"): count += 1 logging.info(line) if not count: ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from svn diff") return data def _CollapseKeywords(self, content, keyword_str): """Collapses SVN keywords.""" # svn cat translates keywords but svn diff doesn't. As a result of this # behavior patching.PatchChunks() fails with a chunk mismatch error. # This part was originally written by the Review Board development team # who had the same problem (http://reviews.review-board.org/r/276/). # Mapping of keywords to known aliases svn_keywords = { # Standard keywords 'Date': ['Date', 'LastChangedDate'], 'Revision': ['Revision', 'LastChangedRevision', 'Rev'], 'Author': ['Author', 'LastChangedBy'], 'HeadURL': ['HeadURL', 'URL'], 'Id': ['Id'], # Aliases 'LastChangedDate': ['LastChangedDate', 'Date'], 'LastChangedRevision': ['LastChangedRevision', 'Rev', 'Revision'], 'LastChangedBy': ['LastChangedBy', 'Author'], 'URL': ['URL', 'HeadURL'], } def repl(m): if m.group(2): return "$%s::%s$" % (m.group(1), " " * len(m.group(3))) return "$%s$" % m.group(1) keywords = [keyword for name in keyword_str.split(" ") for keyword in svn_keywords.get(name, [])] return re.sub(r"\$(%s):(:?)([^\$]+)\$" % '|'.join(keywords), repl, content) def GetUnknownFiles(self): status = RunShell(["svn", "status", "--ignore-externals"], silent_ok=True) unknown_files = [] for line in status.split("\n"): if line and line[0] == "?": unknown_files.append(line) return unknown_files def ReadFile(self, filename): """Returns the contents of a file.""" file = open(filename, 'rb') result = "" try: result = file.read() finally: file.close() return result def GetStatus(self, filename): """Returns the status of a file.""" if not self.options.revision: status = RunShell(["svn", "status", "--ignore-externals", filename]) if not status: ErrorExit("svn status returned no output for %s" % filename) status_lines = status.splitlines() # If file is in a cl, the output will begin with # "\n--- Changelist 'cl_name':\n". See # http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn/trunk/notes/changelist-design.txt if (len(status_lines) == 3 and not status_lines[0] and status_lines[1].startswith("--- Changelist")): status = status_lines[2] else: status = status_lines[0] # If we have a revision to diff against we need to run "svn list" # for the old and the new revision and compare the results to get # the correct status for a file. else: dirname, relfilename = os.path.split(filename) if dirname not in self.svnls_cache: cmd = ["svn", "list", "-r", self.rev_start, dirname or "."] out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd) if returncode: ErrorExit("Failed to get status for %s." % filename) old_files = out.splitlines() args = ["svn", "list"] if self.rev_end: args += ["-r", self.rev_end] cmd = args + [dirname or "."] out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd) if returncode: ErrorExit("Failed to run command %s" % cmd) self.svnls_cache[dirname] = (old_files, out.splitlines()) old_files, new_files = self.svnls_cache[dirname] if relfilename in old_files and relfilename not in new_files: status = "D " elif relfilename in old_files and relfilename in new_files: status = "M " else: status = "A " return status def GetBaseFile(self, filename): status = self.GetStatus(filename) base_content = None new_content = None # If a file is copied its status will be "A +", which signifies # "addition-with-history". See "svn st" for more information. We need to # upload the original file or else diff parsing will fail if the file was # edited. if status[0] == "A" and status[3] != "+": # We'll need to upload the new content if we're adding a binary file # since diff's output won't contain it. mimetype = RunShell(["svn", "propget", "svn:mime-type", filename], silent_ok=True) base_content = "" is_binary = bool(mimetype) and not mimetype.startswith("text/") if is_binary and self.IsImage(filename): new_content = self.ReadFile(filename) elif (status[0] in ("M", "D", "R") or (status[0] == "A" and status[3] == "+") or # Copied file. (status[0] == " " and status[1] == "M")): # Property change. args = [] if self.options.revision: url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start) else: # Don't change filename, it's needed later. url = filename args += ["-r", "BASE"] cmd = ["svn"] + args + ["propget", "svn:mime-type", url] mimetype, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd) if returncode: # File does not exist in the requested revision. # Reset mimetype, it contains an error message. mimetype = "" get_base = False is_binary = bool(mimetype) and not mimetype.startswith("text/") if status[0] == " ": # Empty base content just to force an upload. base_content = "" elif is_binary: if self.IsImage(filename): get_base = True if status[0] == "M": if not self.rev_end: new_content = self.ReadFile(filename) else: url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_end) new_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", url], universal_newlines=True, silent_ok=True) else: base_content = "" else: get_base = True if get_base: if is_binary: universal_newlines = False else: universal_newlines = True if self.rev_start: # "svn cat -r REV delete_file.txt" doesn't work. cat requires # the full URL with "@REV" appended instead of using "-r" option. url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start) base_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", url], universal_newlines=universal_newlines, silent_ok=True) else: base_content, ret_code = RunShellWithReturnCode( ["svn", "cat", filename], universal_newlines=universal_newlines) if ret_code and status[0] == "R": # It's a replaced file without local history (see issue208). # The base file needs to be fetched from the server. url = "%s/%s" % (self.svn_base, filename) base_content = RunShell(["svn", "cat", url], universal_newlines=universal_newlines, silent_ok=True) elif ret_code: ErrorExit("Got error status from 'svn cat %s'", filename) if not is_binary: args = [] if self.rev_start: url = "%s/%s@%s" % (self.svn_base, filename, self.rev_start) else: url = filename args += ["-r", "BASE"] cmd = ["svn"] + args + ["propget", "svn:keywords", url] keywords, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(cmd) if keywords and not returncode: base_content = self._CollapseKeywords(base_content, keywords) else: StatusUpdate("svn status returned unexpected output: %s" % status) sys.exit(1) return base_content, new_content, is_binary, status[0:5] class GitVCS(VersionControlSystem): """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Git.""" def __init__(self, options): super(GitVCS, self).__init__(options) # Map of filename -> (hash before, hash after) of base file. # Hashes for "no such file" are represented as None. self.hashes = {} # Map of new filename -> old filename for renames. self.renames = {} def PostProcessDiff(self, gitdiff): """Converts the diff output to include an svn-style "Index:" line as well as record the hashes of the files, so we can upload them along with our diff.""" # Special used by git to indicate "no such content". NULL_HASH = "0"*40 def IsFileNew(filename): return filename in self.hashes and self.hashes[filename][0] is None def AddSubversionPropertyChange(filename): """Add svn's property change information into the patch if given file is new file. We use Subversion's auto-props setting to retrieve its property. See http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.1/ch07.html#svn-ch-7-sect-1.3.2 for Subversion's [auto-props] setting. """ if self.options.emulate_svn_auto_props and IsFileNew(filename): svnprops = GetSubversionPropertyChanges(filename) if svnprops: svndiff.append("\n" + svnprops + "\n") svndiff = [] filecount = 0 filename = None for line in gitdiff.splitlines(): match = re.match(r"diff --git a/(.*) b/(.*)$", line) if match: # Add auto property here for previously seen file. if filename is not None: AddSubversionPropertyChange(filename) filecount += 1 # Intentionally use the "after" filename so we can show renames. filename = match.group(2) svndiff.append("Index: %s\n" % filename) if match.group(1) != match.group(2): self.renames[match.group(2)] = match.group(1) else: # The "index" line in a git diff looks like this (long hashes elided): # index 82c0d44..b2cee3f 100755 # We want to save the left hash, as that identifies the base file. match = re.match(r"index (\w+)\.\.(\w+)", line) if match: before, after = (match.group(1), match.group(2)) if before == NULL_HASH: before = None if after == NULL_HASH: after = None self.hashes[filename] = (before, after) svndiff.append(line + "\n") if not filecount: ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from git diff") # Add auto property for the last seen file. assert filename is not None AddSubversionPropertyChange(filename) return "".join(svndiff) def GenerateDiff(self, extra_args): extra_args = extra_args[:] if self.options.revision: extra_args = [self.options.revision] + extra_args # --no-ext-diff is broken in some versions of Git, so try to work around # this by overriding the environment (but there is still a problem if the # git config key "diff.external" is used). env = os.environ.copy() if 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' in env: del env['GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'] return RunShell(["git", "diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--full-index", "-M"] + extra_args, env=env) def GetUnknownFiles(self): status = RunShell(["git", "ls-files", "--exclude-standard", "--others"], silent_ok=True) return status.splitlines() def GetFileContent(self, file_hash, is_binary): """Returns the content of a file identified by its git hash.""" data, retcode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["git", "show", file_hash], universal_newlines=not is_binary) if retcode: ErrorExit("Got error status from 'git show %s'" % file_hash) return data def GetBaseFile(self, filename): hash_before, hash_after = self.hashes.get(filename, (None,None)) base_content = None new_content = None is_binary = self.IsBinary(filename) status = None if filename in self.renames: status = "A +" # Match svn attribute name for renames. if filename not in self.hashes: # If a rename doesn't change the content, we never get a hash. base_content = RunShell(["git", "show", "HEAD:" + filename]) elif not hash_before: status = "A" base_content = "" elif not hash_after: status = "D" else: status = "M" is_image = self.IsImage(filename) # Grab the before/after content if we need it. # We should include file contents if it's text or it's an image. if not is_binary or is_image: # Grab the base content if we don't have it already. if base_content is None and hash_before: base_content = self.GetFileContent(hash_before, is_binary) # Only include the "after" file if it's an image; otherwise it # it is reconstructed from the diff. if is_image and hash_after: new_content = self.GetFileContent(hash_after, is_binary) return (base_content, new_content, is_binary, status) class MercurialVCS(VersionControlSystem): """Implementation of the VersionControlSystem interface for Mercurial.""" def __init__(self, options, repo_dir): super(MercurialVCS, self).__init__(options) # Absolute path to repository (we can be in a subdir) self.repo_dir = os.path.normpath(repo_dir) # Compute the subdir cwd = os.path.normpath(os.getcwd()) assert cwd.startswith(self.repo_dir) self.subdir = cwd[len(self.repo_dir):].lstrip(r"\/") if self.options.revision: self.base_rev = self.options.revision else: self.base_rev = RunShell(["hg", "parent", "-q"]).split(':')[1].strip() def _GetRelPath(self, filename): """Get relative path of a file according to the current directory, given its logical path in the repo.""" assert filename.startswith(self.subdir), (filename, self.subdir) return filename[len(self.subdir):].lstrip(r"\/") def GenerateDiff(self, extra_args): # If no file specified, restrict to the current subdir extra_args = extra_args or ["."] cmd = ["hg", "diff", "--git", "-r", self.base_rev] + extra_args data = RunShell(cmd, silent_ok=True) svndiff = [] filecount = 0 for line in data.splitlines(): m = re.match("diff --git a/(\S+) b/(\S+)", line) if m: # Modify line to make it look like as it comes from svn diff. # With this modification no changes on the server side are required # to make upload.py work with Mercurial repos. # NOTE: for proper handling of moved/copied files, we have to use # the second filename. filename = m.group(2) svndiff.append("Index: %s" % filename) svndiff.append("=" * 67) filecount += 1 logging.info(line) else: svndiff.append(line) if not filecount: ErrorExit("No valid patches found in output from hg diff") return "\n".join(svndiff) + "\n" def GetUnknownFiles(self): """Return a list of files unknown to the VCS.""" args = [] status = RunShell(["hg", "status", "--rev", self.base_rev, "-u", "."], silent_ok=True) unknown_files = [] for line in status.splitlines(): st, fn = line.split(" ", 1) if st == "?": unknown_files.append(fn) return unknown_files def GetBaseFile(self, filename): # "hg status" and "hg cat" both take a path relative to the current subdir # rather than to the repo root, but "hg diff" has given us the full path # to the repo root. base_content = "" new_content = None is_binary = False oldrelpath = relpath = self._GetRelPath(filename) # "hg status -C" returns two lines for moved/copied files, one otherwise out = RunShell(["hg", "status", "-C", "--rev", self.base_rev, relpath]) out = out.splitlines() # HACK: strip error message about missing file/directory if it isn't in # the working copy if out[0].startswith('%s: ' % relpath): out = out[1:] if len(out) > 1: # Moved/copied => considered as modified, use old filename to # retrieve base contents oldrelpath = out[1].strip() status = "M" else: status, _ = out[0].split(' ', 1) if ":" in self.base_rev: base_rev = self.base_rev.split(":", 1)[0] else: base_rev = self.base_rev if status != "A": base_content = RunShell(["hg", "cat", "-r", base_rev, oldrelpath], silent_ok=True) is_binary = "\0" in base_content # Mercurial's heuristic if status != "R": new_content = open(relpath, "rb").read() is_binary = is_binary or "\0" in new_content if is_binary and base_content: # Fetch again without converting newlines base_content = RunShell(["hg", "cat", "-r", base_rev, oldrelpath], silent_ok=True, universal_newlines=False) if not is_binary or not self.IsImage(relpath): new_content = None return base_content, new_content, is_binary, status # NOTE: The SplitPatch function is duplicated in engine.py, keep them in sync. def SplitPatch(data): """Splits a patch into separate pieces for each file. Args: data: A string containing the output of svn diff. Returns: A list of 2-tuple (filename, text) where text is the svn diff output pertaining to filename. """ patches = [] filename = None diff = [] for line in data.splitlines(True): new_filename = None if line.startswith('Index:'): unused, new_filename = line.split(':', 1) new_filename = new_filename.strip() elif line.startswith('Property changes on:'): unused, temp_filename = line.split(':', 1) # When a file is modified, paths use '/' between directories, however # when a property is modified '\' is used on Windows. Make them the same # otherwise the file shows up twice. temp_filename = temp_filename.strip().replace('\\', '/') if temp_filename != filename: # File has property changes but no modifications, create a new diff. new_filename = temp_filename if new_filename: if filename and diff: patches.append((filename, ''.join(diff))) filename = new_filename diff = [line] continue if diff is not None: diff.append(line) if filename and diff: patches.append((filename, ''.join(diff))) return patches def UploadSeparatePatches(issue, rpc_server, patchset, data, options): """Uploads a separate patch for each file in the diff output. Returns a list of [patch_key, filename] for each file. """ patches = SplitPatch(data) rv = [] for patch in patches: if len(patch[1]) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE: print ("Not uploading the patch for " + patch[0] + " because the file is too large.") continue form_fields = [("filename", patch[0])] if not options.download_base: form_fields.append(("content_upload", "1")) files = [("data", "data.diff", patch[1])] ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields, files) url = "/%d/upload_patch/%d" % (int(issue), int(patchset)) print "Uploading patch for " + patch[0] response_body = rpc_server.Send(url, body, content_type=ctype) lines = response_body.splitlines() if not lines or lines[0] != "OK": StatusUpdate(" --> %s" % response_body) sys.exit(1) rv.append([lines[1], patch[0]]) return rv def GuessVCSName(): """Helper to guess the version control system. This examines the current directory, guesses which VersionControlSystem we're using, and returns an string indicating which VCS is detected. Returns: A pair (vcs, output). vcs is a string indicating which VCS was detected and is one of VCS_GIT, VCS_MERCURIAL, VCS_SUBVERSION, or VCS_UNKNOWN. output is a string containing any interesting output from the vcs detection routine, or None if there is nothing interesting. """ # Mercurial has a command to get the base directory of a repository # Try running it, but don't die if we don't have hg installed. # NOTE: we try Mercurial first as it can sit on top of an SVN working copy. try: out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["hg", "root"]) if returncode == 0: return (VCS_MERCURIAL, out.strip()) except OSError, (errno, message): if errno != 2: # ENOENT -- they don't have hg installed. raise # Subversion has a .svn in all working directories. if os.path.isdir('.svn'): logging.info("Guessed VCS = Subversion") return (VCS_SUBVERSION, None) # Git has a command to test if you're in a git tree. # Try running it, but don't die if we don't have git installed. try: out, returncode = RunShellWithReturnCode(["git", "rev-parse", "--is-inside-work-tree"]) if returncode == 0: return (VCS_GIT, None) except OSError, (errno, message): if errno != 2: # ENOENT -- they don't have git installed. raise return (VCS_UNKNOWN, None) def GuessVCS(options): """Helper to guess the version control system. This verifies any user-specified VersionControlSystem (by command line or environment variable). If the user didn't specify one, this examines the current directory, guesses which VersionControlSystem we're using, and returns an instance of the appropriate class. Exit with an error if we can't figure it out. Returns: A VersionControlSystem instance. Exits if the VCS can't be guessed. """ vcs = options.vcs if not vcs: vcs = os.environ.get("CODEREVIEW_VCS") if vcs: v = VCS_ABBREVIATIONS.get(vcs.lower()) if v is None: ErrorExit("Unknown version control system %r specified." % vcs) (vcs, extra_output) = (v, None) else: (vcs, extra_output) = GuessVCSName() if vcs == VCS_MERCURIAL: if extra_output is None: extra_output = RunShell(["hg", "root"]).strip() return MercurialVCS(options, extra_output) elif vcs == VCS_SUBVERSION: return SubversionVCS(options) elif vcs == VCS_GIT: return GitVCS(options) ErrorExit(("Could not guess version control system. " "Are you in a working copy directory?")) def CheckReviewer(reviewer): """Validate a reviewer -- either a nickname or an email addres. Args: reviewer: A nickname or an email address. Calls ErrorExit() if it is an invalid email address. """ if "@" not in reviewer: return # Assume nickname parts = reviewer.split("@") if len(parts) > 2: ErrorExit("Invalid email address: %r" % reviewer) assert len(parts) == 2 if "." not in parts[1]: ErrorExit("Invalid email address: %r" % reviewer) def LoadSubversionAutoProperties(): """Returns the content of [auto-props] section of Subversion's config file as a dictionary. Returns: A dictionary whose key-value pair corresponds the [auto-props] section's key-value pair. In following cases, returns empty dictionary: - config file doesn't exist, or - 'enable-auto-props' is not set to 'true-like-value' in [miscellany]. """ # Todo(hayato): Windows users might use different path for configuration file. subversion_config = os.path.expanduser("~/.subversion/config") if not os.path.exists(subversion_config): return {} config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() config.read(subversion_config) if (config.has_section("miscellany") and config.has_option("miscellany", "enable-auto-props") and config.getboolean("miscellany", "enable-auto-props") and config.has_section("auto-props")): props = {} for file_pattern in config.options("auto-props"): props[file_pattern] = ParseSubversionPropertyValues( config.get("auto-props", file_pattern)) return props else: return {} def ParseSubversionPropertyValues(props): """Parse the given property value which comes from [auto-props] section and returns a list whose element is a (svn_prop_key, svn_prop_value) pair. See the following doctest for example. >>> ParseSubversionPropertyValues('svn:eol-style=LF') [('svn:eol-style', 'LF')] >>> ParseSubversionPropertyValues('svn:mime-type=image/jpeg') [('svn:mime-type', 'image/jpeg')] >>> ParseSubversionPropertyValues('svn:eol-style=LF;svn:executable') [('svn:eol-style', 'LF'), ('svn:executable', '*')] """ key_value_pairs = [] for prop in props.split(";"): key_value = prop.split("=") assert len(key_value) <= 2 if len(key_value) == 1: # If value is not given, use '*' as a Subversion's convention. key_value_pairs.append((key_value[0], "*")) else: key_value_pairs.append((key_value[0], key_value[1])) return key_value_pairs def GetSubversionPropertyChanges(filename): """Return a Subversion's 'Property changes on ...' string, which is used in the patch file. Args: filename: filename whose property might be set by [auto-props] config. Returns: A string like 'Property changes on |filename| ...' if given |filename| matches any entries in [auto-props] section. None, otherwise. """ global svn_auto_props_map if svn_auto_props_map is None: svn_auto_props_map = LoadSubversionAutoProperties() all_props = [] for file_pattern, props in svn_auto_props_map.items(): if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, file_pattern): all_props.extend(props) if all_props: return FormatSubversionPropertyChanges(filename, all_props) return None def FormatSubversionPropertyChanges(filename, props): """Returns Subversion's 'Property changes on ...' strings using given filename and properties. Args: filename: filename props: A list whose element is a (svn_prop_key, svn_prop_value) pair. Returns: A string which can be used in the patch file for Subversion. See the following doctest for example. >>> print FormatSubversionPropertyChanges('foo.cc', [('svn:eol-style', 'LF')]) Property changes on: foo.cc ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:eol-style + LF <BLANKLINE> """ prop_changes_lines = [ "Property changes on: %s" % filename, "___________________________________________________________________"] for key, value in props: prop_changes_lines.append("Added: " + key) prop_changes_lines.append(" + " + value) return "\n".join(prop_changes_lines) + "\n" def RealMain(argv, data=None): """The real main function. Args: argv: Command line arguments. data: Diff contents. If None (default) the diff is generated by the VersionControlSystem implementation returned by GuessVCS(). Returns: A 2-tuple (issue id, patchset id). The patchset id is None if the base files are not uploaded by this script (applies only to SVN checkouts). """ logging.basicConfig(format=("%(asctime).19s %(levelname)s %(filename)s:" "%(lineno)s %(message)s ")) os.environ['LC_ALL'] = 'C' options, args = parser.parse_args(argv[1:]) global verbosity verbosity = options.verbose if verbosity >= 3: logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG) elif verbosity >= 2: logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO) vcs = GuessVCS(options) base = options.base_url if isinstance(vcs, SubversionVCS): # Guessing the base field is only supported for Subversion. # Note: Fetching base files may become deprecated in future releases. guessed_base = vcs.GuessBase(options.download_base) if base: if guessed_base and base != guessed_base: print "Using base URL \"%s\" from --base_url instead of \"%s\"" % \ (base, guessed_base) else: base = guessed_base if not base and options.download_base: options.download_base = True logging.info("Enabled upload of base file") if not options.assume_yes: vcs.CheckForUnknownFiles() if data is None: data = vcs.GenerateDiff(args) data = vcs.PostProcessDiff(data) files = vcs.GetBaseFiles(data) if verbosity >= 1: print "Upload server:", options.server, "(change with -s/--server)" if options.issue: prompt = "Message describing this patch set: " else: prompt = "New issue subject: " message = options.message or raw_input(prompt).strip() if not message: ErrorExit("A non-empty message is required") rpc_server = GetRpcServer(options.server, options.email, options.host, options.save_cookies, options.account_type) form_fields = [("subject", message)] if base: form_fields.append(("base", base)) if options.issue: form_fields.append(("issue", str(options.issue))) if options.email: form_fields.append(("user", options.email)) if options.reviewers: for reviewer in options.reviewers.split(','): CheckReviewer(reviewer) form_fields.append(("reviewers", options.reviewers)) if options.cc: for cc in options.cc.split(','): CheckReviewer(cc) form_fields.append(("cc", options.cc)) description = options.description if options.description_file: if options.description: ErrorExit("Can't specify description and description_file") file = open(options.description_file, 'r') description = file.read() file.close() if description: form_fields.append(("description", description)) # Send a hash of all the base file so the server can determine if a copy # already exists in an earlier patchset. base_hashes = "" for file, info in files.iteritems(): if not info[0] is None: checksum = md5(info[0]).hexdigest() if base_hashes: base_hashes += "|" base_hashes += checksum + ":" + file form_fields.append(("base_hashes", base_hashes)) if options.private: if options.issue: print "Warning: Private flag ignored when updating an existing issue." else: form_fields.append(("private", "1")) # If we're uploading base files, don't send the email before the uploads, so # that it contains the file status. if options.send_mail and options.download_base: form_fields.append(("send_mail", "1")) if not options.download_base: form_fields.append(("content_upload", "1")) if len(data) > MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE: print "Patch is large, so uploading file patches separately." uploaded_diff_file = [] form_fields.append(("separate_patches", "1")) else: uploaded_diff_file = [("data", "data.diff", data)] ctype, body = EncodeMultipartFormData(form_fields, uploaded_diff_file) response_body = rpc_server.Send("/upload", body, content_type=ctype) patchset = None if not options.download_base or not uploaded_diff_file: lines = response_body.splitlines() if len(lines) >= 2: msg = lines[0] patchset = lines[1].strip() patches = [x.split(" ", 1) for x in lines[2:]] else: msg = response_body else: msg = response_body StatusUpdate(msg) if not response_body.startswith("Issue created.") and \ not response_body.startswith("Issue updated."): sys.exit(0) issue = msg[msg.rfind("/")+1:] if not uploaded_diff_file: result = UploadSeparatePatches(issue, rpc_server, patchset, data, options) if not options.download_base: patches = result if not options.download_base: vcs.UploadBaseFiles(issue, rpc_server, patches, patchset, options, files) if options.send_mail: rpc_server.Send("/" + issue + "/mail", payload="") return issue, patchset def main(): try: RealMain(sys.argv) except KeyboardInterrupt: print StatusUpdate("Interrupted.") sys.exit(1) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright 2007 The Python-Twitter Developers # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. '''The setup and build script for the python-twitter library.''' __author__ = 'python-twitter@googlegroups.com' __version__ = '0.8.3' # The base package metadata to be used by both distutils and setuptools METADATA = dict( name = "python-twitter", version = __version__, py_modules = ['twitter'], author='The Python-Twitter Developers', author_email='python-twitter@googlegroups.com', description='A python wrapper around the Twitter API', license='Apache License 2.0', url='http://code.google.com/p/python-twitter/', keywords='twitter api', ) # Extra package metadata to be used only if setuptools is installed SETUPTOOLS_METADATA = dict( install_requires = ['setuptools', 'simplejson', 'oauth2'], include_package_data = True, classifiers = [ 'Development Status :: 4 - Beta', 'Intended Audience :: Developers', 'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License', 'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules', 'Topic :: Communications :: Chat', 'Topic :: Internet', ], test_suite = 'twitter_test.suite', ) def Read(file): return open(file).read() def BuildLongDescription(): return '\n'.join([Read('README'), Read('CHANGES')]) def Main(): # Build the long_description from the README and CHANGES METADATA['long_description'] = BuildLongDescription() # Use setuptools if available, otherwise fallback and use distutils try: import setuptools METADATA.update(SETUPTOOLS_METADATA) setuptools.setup(**METADATA) except ImportError: import distutils.core distutils.core.setup(**METADATA) if __name__ == '__main__': Main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright 2007 The Python-Twitter Developers # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import os import sys # parse_qsl moved to urlparse module in v2.6 try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except: from cgi import parse_qsl import oauth2 as oauth REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token' ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token' AUTHORIZATION_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize' SIGNIN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate' consumer_key = None consumer_secret = None if consumer_key is None or consumer_secret is None: print 'You need to edit this script and provide values for the' print 'consumer_key and also consumer_secret.' print '' print 'The values you need come from Twitter - you need to register' print 'as a developer your "application". This is needed only until' print 'Twitter finishes the idea they have of a way to allow open-source' print 'based libraries to have a token that can be used to generate a' print 'one-time use key that will allow the library to make the request' print 'on your behalf.' print '' sys.exit(1) signature_method_hmac_sha1 = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() oauth_consumer = oauth.Consumer(key=consumer_key, secret=consumer_secret) oauth_client = oauth.Client(oauth_consumer) print 'Requesting temp token from Twitter' resp, content = oauth_client.request(REQUEST_TOKEN_URL, 'GET') if resp['status'] != '200': print 'Invalid respond from Twitter requesting temp token: %s' % resp['status'] else: request_token = dict(parse_qsl(content)) print '' print 'Please visit this Twitter page and retrieve the pincode to be used' print 'in the next step to obtaining an Authentication Token:' print '' print '%s?oauth_token=%s' % (AUTHORIZATION_URL, request_token['oauth_token']) print '' pincode = raw_input('Pincode? ') token = oauth.Token(request_token['oauth_token'], request_token['oauth_token_secret']) token.set_verifier(pincode) print '' print 'Generating and signing request for an access token' print '' oauth_client = oauth.Client(oauth_consumer, token) resp, content = oauth_client.request(ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, method='POST', body='oauth_verifier=%s' % pincode) access_token = dict(parse_qsl(content)) if resp['status'] != '200': print 'The request for a Token did not succeed: %s' % resp['status'] print access_token else: print 'Your Twitter Access Token key: %s' % access_token['oauth_token'] print ' Access Token secret: %s' % access_token['oauth_token_secret'] print ''
Python
"""Implementation of JSONEncoder """ import re try: from simplejson._speedups import encode_basestring_ascii as c_encode_basestring_ascii except ImportError: c_encode_basestring_ascii = None try: from simplejson._speedups import make_encoder as c_make_encoder except ImportError: c_make_encoder = None ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\x00-\x1f\\"\b\f\n\r\t]') ESCAPE_ASCII = re.compile(r'([\\"]|[^\ -~])') HAS_UTF8 = re.compile(r'[\x80-\xff]') ESCAPE_DCT = { '\\': '\\\\', '"': '\\"', '\b': '\\b', '\f': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', } for i in range(0x20): ESCAPE_DCT.setdefault(chr(i), '\\u%04x' % (i,)) # Assume this produces an infinity on all machines (probably not guaranteed) INFINITY = float('1e66666') FLOAT_REPR = repr def encode_basestring(s): """Return a JSON representation of a Python string """ def replace(match): return ESCAPE_DCT[match.group(0)] return '"' + ESCAPE.sub(replace, s) + '"' def py_encode_basestring_ascii(s): """Return an ASCII-only JSON representation of a Python string """ if isinstance(s, str) and HAS_UTF8.search(s) is not None: s = s.decode('utf-8') def replace(match): s = match.group(0) try: return ESCAPE_DCT[s] except KeyError: n = ord(s) if n < 0x10000: return '\\u%04x' % (n,) else: # surrogate pair n -= 0x10000 s1 = 0xd800 | ((n >> 10) & 0x3ff) s2 = 0xdc00 | (n & 0x3ff) return '\\u%04x\\u%04x' % (s1, s2) return '"' + str(ESCAPE_ASCII.sub(replace, s)) + '"' encode_basestring_ascii = c_encode_basestring_ascii or py_encode_basestring_ascii class JSONEncoder(object): """Extensible JSON <http://json.org> encoder for Python data structures. Supports the following objects and types by default: +-------------------+---------------+ | Python | JSON | +===================+===============+ | dict | object | +-------------------+---------------+ | list, tuple | array | +-------------------+---------------+ | str, unicode | string | +-------------------+---------------+ | int, long, float | number | +-------------------+---------------+ | True | true | +-------------------+---------------+ | False | false | +-------------------+---------------+ | None | null | +-------------------+---------------+ To extend this to recognize other objects, subclass and implement a ``.default()`` method with another method that returns a serializable object for ``o`` if possible, otherwise it should call the superclass implementation (to raise ``TypeError``). """ item_separator = ', ' key_separator = ': ' def __init__(self, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, sort_keys=False, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None): """Constructor for JSONEncoder, with sensible defaults. If skipkeys is False, then it is a TypeError to attempt encoding of keys that are not str, int, long, float or None. If skipkeys is True, such items are simply skipped. If ensure_ascii is True, the output is guaranteed to be str objects with all incoming unicode characters escaped. If ensure_ascii is false, the output will be unicode object. If check_circular is True, then lists, dicts, and custom encoded objects will be checked for circular references during encoding to prevent an infinite recursion (which would cause an OverflowError). Otherwise, no such check takes place. If allow_nan is True, then NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity will be encoded as such. This behavior is not JSON specification compliant, but is consistent with most JavaScript based encoders and decoders. Otherwise, it will be a ValueError to encode such floats. If sort_keys is True, then the output of dictionaries will be sorted by key; this is useful for regression tests to ensure that JSON serializations can be compared on a day-to-day basis. If indent is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0 will only insert newlines. None is the most compact representation. If specified, separators should be a (item_separator, key_separator) tuple. The default is (', ', ': '). To get the most compact JSON representation you should specify (',', ':') to eliminate whitespace. If specified, default is a function that gets called for objects that can't otherwise be serialized. It should return a JSON encodable version of the object or raise a ``TypeError``. If encoding is not None, then all input strings will be transformed into unicode using that encoding prior to JSON-encoding. The default is UTF-8. """ self.skipkeys = skipkeys self.ensure_ascii = ensure_ascii self.check_circular = check_circular self.allow_nan = allow_nan self.sort_keys = sort_keys self.indent = indent if separators is not None: self.item_separator, self.key_separator = separators if default is not None: self.default = default self.encoding = encoding def default(self, o): """Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a serializable object for ``o``, or calls the base implementation (to raise a ``TypeError``). For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement default like this:: def default(self, o): try: iterable = iter(o) except TypeError: pass else: return list(iterable) return JSONEncoder.default(self, o) """ raise TypeError("%r is not JSON serializable" % (o,)) def encode(self, o): """Return a JSON string representation of a Python data structure. >>> JSONEncoder().encode({"foo": ["bar", "baz"]}) '{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]}' """ # This is for extremely simple cases and benchmarks. if isinstance(o, basestring): if isinstance(o, str): _encoding = self.encoding if (_encoding is not None and not (_encoding == 'utf-8')): o = o.decode(_encoding) if self.ensure_ascii: return encode_basestring_ascii(o) else: return encode_basestring(o) # This doesn't pass the iterator directly to ''.join() because the # exceptions aren't as detailed. The list call should be roughly # equivalent to the PySequence_Fast that ''.join() would do. chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True) if not isinstance(chunks, (list, tuple)): chunks = list(chunks) return ''.join(chunks) def iterencode(self, o, _one_shot=False): """Encode the given object and yield each string representation as available. For example:: for chunk in JSONEncoder().iterencode(bigobject): mysocket.write(chunk) """ if self.check_circular: markers = {} else: markers = None if self.ensure_ascii: _encoder = encode_basestring_ascii else: _encoder = encode_basestring if self.encoding != 'utf-8': def _encoder(o, _orig_encoder=_encoder, _encoding=self.encoding): if isinstance(o, str): o = o.decode(_encoding) return _orig_encoder(o) def floatstr(o, allow_nan=self.allow_nan, _repr=FLOAT_REPR, _inf=INFINITY, _neginf=-INFINITY): # Check for specials. Note that this type of test is processor- and/or # platform-specific, so do tests which don't depend on the internals. if o != o: text = 'NaN' elif o == _inf: text = 'Infinity' elif o == _neginf: text = '-Infinity' else: return _repr(o) if not allow_nan: raise ValueError("Out of range float values are not JSON compliant: %r" % (o,)) return text if _one_shot and c_make_encoder is not None and not self.indent and not self.sort_keys: _iterencode = c_make_encoder( markers, self.default, _encoder, self.indent, self.key_separator, self.item_separator, self.sort_keys, self.skipkeys, self.allow_nan) else: _iterencode = _make_iterencode( markers, self.default, _encoder, self.indent, floatstr, self.key_separator, self.item_separator, self.sort_keys, self.skipkeys, _one_shot) return _iterencode(o, 0) def _make_iterencode(markers, _default, _encoder, _indent, _floatstr, _key_separator, _item_separator, _sort_keys, _skipkeys, _one_shot, ## HACK: hand-optimized bytecode; turn globals into locals False=False, True=True, ValueError=ValueError, basestring=basestring, dict=dict, float=float, id=id, int=int, isinstance=isinstance, list=list, long=long, str=str, tuple=tuple, ): def _iterencode_list(lst, _current_indent_level): if not lst: yield '[]' return if markers is not None: markerid = id(lst) if markerid in markers: raise ValueError("Circular reference detected") markers[markerid] = lst buf = '[' if _indent is not None: _current_indent_level += 1 newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level)) separator = _item_separator + newline_indent buf += newline_indent else: newline_indent = None separator = _item_separator first = True for value in lst: if first: first = False else: buf = separator if isinstance(value, basestring): yield buf + _encoder(value) elif value is None: yield buf + 'null' elif value is True: yield buf + 'true' elif value is False: yield buf + 'false' elif isinstance(value, (int, long)): yield buf + str(value) elif isinstance(value, float): yield buf + _floatstr(value) else: yield buf if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level) elif isinstance(value, dict): chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level) else: chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level) for chunk in chunks: yield chunk if newline_indent is not None: _current_indent_level -= 1 yield '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level)) yield ']' if markers is not None: del markers[markerid] def _iterencode_dict(dct, _current_indent_level): if not dct: yield '{}' return if markers is not None: markerid = id(dct) if markerid in markers: raise ValueError("Circular reference detected") markers[markerid] = dct yield '{' if _indent is not None: _current_indent_level += 1 newline_indent = '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level)) item_separator = _item_separator + newline_indent yield newline_indent else: newline_indent = None item_separator = _item_separator first = True if _sort_keys: items = dct.items() items.sort(key=lambda kv: kv[0]) else: items = dct.iteritems() for key, value in items: if isinstance(key, basestring): pass # JavaScript is weakly typed for these, so it makes sense to # also allow them. Many encoders seem to do something like this. elif isinstance(key, float): key = _floatstr(key) elif isinstance(key, (int, long)): key = str(key) elif key is True: key = 'true' elif key is False: key = 'false' elif key is None: key = 'null' elif _skipkeys: continue else: raise TypeError("key %r is not a string" % (key,)) if first: first = False else: yield item_separator yield _encoder(key) yield _key_separator if isinstance(value, basestring): yield _encoder(value) elif value is None: yield 'null' elif value is True: yield 'true' elif value is False: yield 'false' elif isinstance(value, (int, long)): yield str(value) elif isinstance(value, float): yield _floatstr(value) else: if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): chunks = _iterencode_list(value, _current_indent_level) elif isinstance(value, dict): chunks = _iterencode_dict(value, _current_indent_level) else: chunks = _iterencode(value, _current_indent_level) for chunk in chunks: yield chunk if newline_indent is not None: _current_indent_level -= 1 yield '\n' + (' ' * (_indent * _current_indent_level)) yield '}' if markers is not None: del markers[markerid] def _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level): if isinstance(o, basestring): yield _encoder(o) elif o is None: yield 'null' elif o is True: yield 'true' elif o is False: yield 'false' elif isinstance(o, (int, long)): yield str(o) elif isinstance(o, float): yield _floatstr(o) elif isinstance(o, (list, tuple)): for chunk in _iterencode_list(o, _current_indent_level): yield chunk elif isinstance(o, dict): for chunk in _iterencode_dict(o, _current_indent_level): yield chunk else: if markers is not None: markerid = id(o) if markerid in markers: raise ValueError("Circular reference detected") markers[markerid] = o o = _default(o) for chunk in _iterencode(o, _current_indent_level): yield chunk if markers is not None: del markers[markerid] return _iterencode
Python
"""Implementation of JSONDecoder """ import re import sys import struct from simplejson.scanner import make_scanner try: from simplejson._speedups import scanstring as c_scanstring except ImportError: c_scanstring = None __all__ = ['JSONDecoder'] FLAGS = re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL def _floatconstants(): _BYTES = '7FF80000000000007FF0000000000000'.decode('hex') if sys.byteorder != 'big': _BYTES = _BYTES[:8][::-1] + _BYTES[8:][::-1] nan, inf = struct.unpack('dd', _BYTES) return nan, inf, -inf NaN, PosInf, NegInf = _floatconstants() def linecol(doc, pos): lineno = doc.count('\n', 0, pos) + 1 if lineno == 1: colno = pos else: colno = pos - doc.rindex('\n', 0, pos) return lineno, colno def errmsg(msg, doc, pos, end=None): # Note that this function is called from _speedups lineno, colno = linecol(doc, pos) if end is None: return '%s: line %d column %d (char %d)' % (msg, lineno, colno, pos) endlineno, endcolno = linecol(doc, end) return '%s: line %d column %d - line %d column %d (char %d - %d)' % ( msg, lineno, colno, endlineno, endcolno, pos, end) _CONSTANTS = { '-Infinity': NegInf, 'Infinity': PosInf, 'NaN': NaN, } STRINGCHUNK = re.compile(r'(.*?)(["\\\x00-\x1f])', FLAGS) BACKSLASH = { '"': u'"', '\\': u'\\', '/': u'/', 'b': u'\b', 'f': u'\f', 'n': u'\n', 'r': u'\r', 't': u'\t', } DEFAULT_ENCODING = "utf-8" def py_scanstring(s, end, encoding=None, strict=True, _b=BACKSLASH, _m=STRINGCHUNK.match): """Scan the string s for a JSON string. End is the index of the character in s after the quote that started the JSON string. Unescapes all valid JSON string escape sequences and raises ValueError on attempt to decode an invalid string. If strict is False then literal control characters are allowed in the string. Returns a tuple of the decoded string and the index of the character in s after the end quote.""" if encoding is None: encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING chunks = [] _append = chunks.append begin = end - 1 while 1: chunk = _m(s, end) if chunk is None: raise ValueError( errmsg("Unterminated string starting at", s, begin)) end = chunk.end() content, terminator = chunk.groups() # Content is contains zero or more unescaped string characters if content: if not isinstance(content, unicode): content = unicode(content, encoding) _append(content) # Terminator is the end of string, a literal control character, # or a backslash denoting that an escape sequence follows if terminator == '"': break elif terminator != '\\': if strict: msg = "Invalid control character %r at" % (terminator,) raise ValueError(msg, s, end) else: _append(terminator) continue try: esc = s[end] except IndexError: raise ValueError( errmsg("Unterminated string starting at", s, begin)) # If not a unicode escape sequence, must be in the lookup table if esc != 'u': try: char = _b[esc] except KeyError: raise ValueError( errmsg("Invalid \\escape: %r" % (esc,), s, end)) end += 1 else: # Unicode escape sequence esc = s[end + 1:end + 5] next_end = end + 5 if len(esc) != 4: msg = "Invalid \\uXXXX escape" raise ValueError(errmsg(msg, s, end)) uni = int(esc, 16) # Check for surrogate pair on UCS-4 systems if 0xd800 <= uni <= 0xdbff and sys.maxunicode > 65535: msg = "Invalid \\uXXXX\\uXXXX surrogate pair" if not s[end + 5:end + 7] == '\\u': raise ValueError(errmsg(msg, s, end)) esc2 = s[end + 7:end + 11] if len(esc2) != 4: raise ValueError(errmsg(msg, s, end)) uni2 = int(esc2, 16) uni = 0x10000 + (((uni - 0xd800) << 10) | (uni2 - 0xdc00)) next_end += 6 char = unichr(uni) end = next_end # Append the unescaped character _append(char) return u''.join(chunks), end # Use speedup if available scanstring = c_scanstring or py_scanstring WHITESPACE = re.compile(r'[ \t\n\r]*', FLAGS) WHITESPACE_STR = ' \t\n\r' def JSONObject((s, end), encoding, strict, scan_once, object_hook, _w=WHITESPACE.match, _ws=WHITESPACE_STR): pairs = {} # Use a slice to prevent IndexError from being raised, the following # check will raise a more specific ValueError if the string is empty nextchar = s[end:end + 1] # Normally we expect nextchar == '"' if nextchar != '"': if nextchar in _ws: end = _w(s, end).end() nextchar = s[end:end + 1] # Trivial empty object if nextchar == '}': return pairs, end + 1 elif nextchar != '"': raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting property name", s, end)) end += 1 while True: key, end = scanstring(s, end, encoding, strict) # To skip some function call overhead we optimize the fast paths where # the JSON key separator is ": " or just ":". if s[end:end + 1] != ':': end = _w(s, end).end() if s[end:end + 1] != ':': raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting : delimiter", s, end)) end += 1 try: if s[end] in _ws: end += 1 if s[end] in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() except IndexError: pass try: value, end = scan_once(s, end) except StopIteration: raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting object", s, end)) pairs[key] = value try: nextchar = s[end] if nextchar in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() nextchar = s[end] except IndexError: nextchar = '' end += 1 if nextchar == '}': break elif nextchar != ',': raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting , delimiter", s, end - 1)) try: nextchar = s[end] if nextchar in _ws: end += 1 nextchar = s[end] if nextchar in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() nextchar = s[end] except IndexError: nextchar = '' end += 1 if nextchar != '"': raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting property name", s, end - 1)) if object_hook is not None: pairs = object_hook(pairs) return pairs, end def JSONArray((s, end), scan_once, _w=WHITESPACE.match, _ws=WHITESPACE_STR): values = [] nextchar = s[end:end + 1] if nextchar in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() nextchar = s[end:end + 1] # Look-ahead for trivial empty array if nextchar == ']': return values, end + 1 _append = values.append while True: try: value, end = scan_once(s, end) except StopIteration: raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting object", s, end)) _append(value) nextchar = s[end:end + 1] if nextchar in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() nextchar = s[end:end + 1] end += 1 if nextchar == ']': break elif nextchar != ',': raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting , delimiter", s, end)) try: if s[end] in _ws: end += 1 if s[end] in _ws: end = _w(s, end + 1).end() except IndexError: pass return values, end class JSONDecoder(object): """Simple JSON <http://json.org> decoder Performs the following translations in decoding by default: +---------------+-------------------+ | JSON | Python | +===============+===================+ | object | dict | +---------------+-------------------+ | array | list | +---------------+-------------------+ | string | unicode | +---------------+-------------------+ | number (int) | int, long | +---------------+-------------------+ | number (real) | float | +---------------+-------------------+ | true | True | +---------------+-------------------+ | false | False | +---------------+-------------------+ | null | None | +---------------+-------------------+ It also understands ``NaN``, ``Infinity``, and ``-Infinity`` as their corresponding ``float`` values, which is outside the JSON spec. """ def __init__(self, encoding=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, strict=True): """``encoding`` determines the encoding used to interpret any ``str`` objects decoded by this instance (utf-8 by default). It has no effect when decoding ``unicode`` objects. Note that currently only encodings that are a superset of ASCII work, strings of other encodings should be passed in as ``unicode``. ``object_hook``, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given ``dict``. This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to support JSON-RPC class hinting). ``parse_float``, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default this is equivalent to float(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. decimal.Decimal). ``parse_int``, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default this is equivalent to int(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. float). ``parse_constant``, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: -Infinity, Infinity, NaN. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered. """ self.encoding = encoding self.object_hook = object_hook self.parse_float = parse_float or float self.parse_int = parse_int or int self.parse_constant = parse_constant or _CONSTANTS.__getitem__ self.strict = strict self.parse_object = JSONObject self.parse_array = JSONArray self.parse_string = scanstring self.scan_once = make_scanner(self) def decode(self, s, _w=WHITESPACE.match): """Return the Python representation of ``s`` (a ``str`` or ``unicode`` instance containing a JSON document) """ obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end()) end = _w(s, end).end() if end != len(s): raise ValueError(errmsg("Extra data", s, end, len(s))) return obj def raw_decode(self, s, idx=0): """Decode a JSON document from ``s`` (a ``str`` or ``unicode`` beginning with a JSON document) and return a 2-tuple of the Python representation and the index in ``s`` where the document ended. This can be used to decode a JSON document from a string that may have extraneous data at the end. """ try: obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx) except StopIteration: raise ValueError("No JSON object could be decoded") return obj, end
Python
r"""JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) <http://json.org> is a subset of JavaScript syntax (ECMA-262 3rd edition) used as a lightweight data interchange format. :mod:`simplejson` exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library :mod:`marshal` and :mod:`pickle` modules. It is the externally maintained version of the :mod:`json` library contained in Python 2.6, but maintains compatibility with Python 2.4 and Python 2.5 and (currently) has significant performance advantages, even without using the optional C extension for speedups. Encoding basic Python object hierarchies:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> json.dumps(['foo', {'bar': ('baz', None, 1.0, 2)}]) '["foo", {"bar": ["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]' >>> print json.dumps("\"foo\bar") "\"foo\bar" >>> print json.dumps(u'\u1234') "\u1234" >>> print json.dumps('\\') "\\" >>> print json.dumps({"c": 0, "b": 0, "a": 0}, sort_keys=True) {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0} >>> from StringIO import StringIO >>> io = StringIO() >>> json.dump(['streaming API'], io) >>> io.getvalue() '["streaming API"]' Compact encoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> json.dumps([1,2,3,{'4': 5, '6': 7}], separators=(',',':')) '[1,2,3,{"4":5,"6":7}]' Pretty printing:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> s = json.dumps({'4': 5, '6': 7}, sort_keys=True, indent=4) >>> print '\n'.join([l.rstrip() for l in s.splitlines()]) { "4": 5, "6": 7 } Decoding JSON:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> obj = [u'foo', {u'bar': [u'baz', None, 1.0, 2]}] >>> json.loads('["foo", {"bar":["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]') == obj True >>> json.loads('"\\"foo\\bar"') == u'"foo\x08ar' True >>> from StringIO import StringIO >>> io = StringIO('["streaming API"]') >>> json.load(io)[0] == 'streaming API' True Specializing JSON object decoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> def as_complex(dct): ... if '__complex__' in dct: ... return complex(dct['real'], dct['imag']) ... return dct ... >>> json.loads('{"__complex__": true, "real": 1, "imag": 2}', ... object_hook=as_complex) (1+2j) >>> import decimal >>> json.loads('1.1', parse_float=decimal.Decimal) == decimal.Decimal('1.1') True Specializing JSON object encoding:: >>> import simplejson as json >>> def encode_complex(obj): ... if isinstance(obj, complex): ... return [obj.real, obj.imag] ... raise TypeError("%r is not JSON serializable" % (o,)) ... >>> json.dumps(2 + 1j, default=encode_complex) '[2.0, 1.0]' >>> json.JSONEncoder(default=encode_complex).encode(2 + 1j) '[2.0, 1.0]' >>> ''.join(json.JSONEncoder(default=encode_complex).iterencode(2 + 1j)) '[2.0, 1.0]' Using simplejson.tool from the shell to validate and pretty-print:: $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -msimplejson.tool { "json": "obj" } $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -msimplejson.tool Expecting property name: line 1 column 2 (char 2) """ __version__ = '2.0.7' __all__ = [ 'dump', 'dumps', 'load', 'loads', 'JSONDecoder', 'JSONEncoder', ] from decoder import JSONDecoder from encoder import JSONEncoder _default_encoder = JSONEncoder( skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, ) def dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, **kw): """Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a ``.write()``-supporting file-like object). If ``skipkeys`` is ``True`` then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types (``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``. If ``ensure_ascii`` is ``False``, then the some chunks written to ``fp`` may be ``unicode`` instances, subject to normal Python ``str`` to ``unicode`` coercion rules. Unless ``fp.write()`` explicitly understands ``unicode`` (as in ``codecs.getwriter()``) this is likely to cause an error. If ``check_circular`` is ``False``, then the circular reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse). If ``allow_nan`` is ``False``, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``). If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact representation. If ``separators`` is an ``(item_separator, dict_separator)`` tuple then it will be used instead of the default ``(', ', ': ')`` separators. ``(',', ':')`` is the most compact JSON representation. ``encoding`` is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8. ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError. To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. """ # cached encoder if (skipkeys is False and ensure_ascii is True and check_circular is True and allow_nan is True and cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and encoding == 'utf-8' and default is None and not kw): iterable = _default_encoder.iterencode(obj) else: if cls is None: cls = JSONEncoder iterable = cls(skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii, check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent, separators=separators, encoding=encoding, default=default, **kw).iterencode(obj) # could accelerate with writelines in some versions of Python, at # a debuggability cost for chunk in iterable: fp.write(chunk) def dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, **kw): """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``. If ``skipkeys`` is ``True`` then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types (``str``, ``unicode``, ``int``, ``long``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped instead of raising a ``TypeError``. If ``ensure_ascii`` is ``False``, then the return value will be a ``unicode`` instance subject to normal Python ``str`` to ``unicode`` coercion rules instead of being escaped to an ASCII ``str``. If ``check_circular`` is ``False``, then the circular reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse). If ``allow_nan`` is ``False``, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``). If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact representation. If ``separators`` is an ``(item_separator, dict_separator)`` tuple then it will be used instead of the default ``(', ', ': ')`` separators. ``(',', ':')`` is the most compact JSON representation. ``encoding`` is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8. ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError. To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. """ # cached encoder if (skipkeys is False and ensure_ascii is True and check_circular is True and allow_nan is True and cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and encoding == 'utf-8' and default is None and not kw): return _default_encoder.encode(obj) if cls is None: cls = JSONEncoder return cls( skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii, check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent, separators=separators, encoding=encoding, default=default, **kw).encode(obj) _default_decoder = JSONDecoder(encoding=None, object_hook=None) def load(fp, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, **kw): """Deserialize ``fp`` (a ``.read()``-supporting file-like object containing a JSON document) to a Python object. If the contents of ``fp`` is encoded with an ASCII based encoding other than utf-8 (e.g. latin-1), then an appropriate ``encoding`` name must be specified. Encodings that are not ASCII based (such as UCS-2) are not allowed, and should be wrapped with ``codecs.getreader(fp)(encoding)``, or simply decoded to a ``unicode`` object and passed to ``loads()`` ``object_hook`` is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decode (a ``dict``). The return value of ``object_hook`` will be used instead of the ``dict``. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders (e.g. JSON-RPC class hinting). To use a custom ``JSONDecoder`` subclass, specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. """ return loads(fp.read(), encoding=encoding, cls=cls, object_hook=object_hook, parse_float=parse_float, parse_int=parse_int, parse_constant=parse_constant, **kw) def loads(s, encoding=None, cls=None, object_hook=None, parse_float=None, parse_int=None, parse_constant=None, **kw): """Deserialize ``s`` (a ``str`` or ``unicode`` instance containing a JSON document) to a Python object. If ``s`` is a ``str`` instance and is encoded with an ASCII based encoding other than utf-8 (e.g. latin-1) then an appropriate ``encoding`` name must be specified. Encodings that are not ASCII based (such as UCS-2) are not allowed and should be decoded to ``unicode`` first. ``object_hook`` is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decode (a ``dict``). The return value of ``object_hook`` will be used instead of the ``dict``. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders (e.g. JSON-RPC class hinting). ``parse_float``, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default this is equivalent to float(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. decimal.Decimal). ``parse_int``, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default this is equivalent to int(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. float). ``parse_constant``, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: -Infinity, Infinity, NaN, null, true, false. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered. To use a custom ``JSONDecoder`` subclass, specify it with the ``cls`` kwarg. """ if (cls is None and encoding is None and object_hook is None and parse_int is None and parse_float is None and parse_constant is None and not kw): return _default_decoder.decode(s) if cls is None: cls = JSONDecoder if object_hook is not None: kw['object_hook'] = object_hook if parse_float is not None: kw['parse_float'] = parse_float if parse_int is not None: kw['parse_int'] = parse_int if parse_constant is not None: kw['parse_constant'] = parse_constant return cls(encoding=encoding, **kw).decode(s)
Python
r"""Using simplejson from the shell to validate and pretty-print:: $ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -msimplejson.tool { "json": "obj" } $ echo '{ 1.2:3.4}' | python -msimplejson.tool Expecting property name: line 1 column 2 (char 2) """ import simplejson def main(): import sys if len(sys.argv) == 1: infile = sys.stdin outfile = sys.stdout elif len(sys.argv) == 2: infile = open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') outfile = sys.stdout elif len(sys.argv) == 3: infile = open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') outfile = open(sys.argv[2], 'wb') else: raise SystemExit("%s [infile [outfile]]" % (sys.argv[0],)) try: obj = simplejson.load(infile) except ValueError, e: raise SystemExit(e) simplejson.dump(obj, outfile, sort_keys=True, indent=4) outfile.write('\n') if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Python
"""JSON token scanner """ import re try: from simplejson._speedups import make_scanner as c_make_scanner except ImportError: c_make_scanner = None __all__ = ['make_scanner'] NUMBER_RE = re.compile( r'(-?(?:0|[1-9]\d*))(\.\d+)?([eE][-+]?\d+)?', (re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)) def py_make_scanner(context): parse_object = context.parse_object parse_array = context.parse_array parse_string = context.parse_string match_number = NUMBER_RE.match encoding = context.encoding strict = context.strict parse_float = context.parse_float parse_int = context.parse_int parse_constant = context.parse_constant object_hook = context.object_hook def _scan_once(string, idx): try: nextchar = string[idx] except IndexError: raise StopIteration if nextchar == '"': return parse_string(string, idx + 1, encoding, strict) elif nextchar == '{': return parse_object((string, idx + 1), encoding, strict, _scan_once, object_hook) elif nextchar == '[': return parse_array((string, idx + 1), _scan_once) elif nextchar == 'n' and string[idx:idx + 4] == 'null': return None, idx + 4 elif nextchar == 't' and string[idx:idx + 4] == 'true': return True, idx + 4 elif nextchar == 'f' and string[idx:idx + 5] == 'false': return False, idx + 5 m = match_number(string, idx) if m is not None: integer, frac, exp = m.groups() if frac or exp: res = parse_float(integer + (frac or '') + (exp or '')) else: res = parse_int(integer) return res, m.end() elif nextchar == 'N' and string[idx:idx + 3] == 'NaN': return parse_constant('NaN'), idx + 3 elif nextchar == 'I' and string[idx:idx + 8] == 'Infinity': return parse_constant('Infinity'), idx + 8 elif nextchar == '-' and string[idx:idx + 9] == '-Infinity': return parse_constant('-Infinity'), idx + 9 else: raise StopIteration return _scan_once make_scanner = c_make_scanner or py_make_scanner
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 '''Load the latest update for a Twitter user and leave it in an XHTML fragment''' __author__ = 'dewitt@google.com' import codecs import getopt import sys import twitter TEMPLATE = """ <div class="twitter"> <span class="twitter-user"><a href="http://twitter.com/%s">Twitter</a>: </span> <span class="twitter-text">%s</span> <span class="twitter-relative-created-at"><a href="http://twitter.com/%s/statuses/%s">Posted %s</a></span> </div> """ def Usage(): print 'Usage: %s [options] twitterid' % __file__ print print ' This script fetches a users latest twitter update and stores' print ' the result in a file as an XHTML fragment' print print ' Options:' print ' --help -h : print this help' print ' --output : the output file [default: stdout]' def FetchTwitter(user, output): assert user statuses = twitter.Api().GetUserTimeline(user=user, count=1) s = statuses[0] xhtml = TEMPLATE % (s.user.screen_name, s.text, s.user.screen_name, s.id, s.relative_created_at) if output: Save(xhtml, output) else: print xhtml def Save(xhtml, output): out = codecs.open(output, mode='w', encoding='ascii', errors='xmlcharrefreplace') out.write(xhtml) out.close() def main(): try: opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ho', ['help', 'output=']) except getopt.GetoptError: Usage() sys.exit(2) try: user = args[0] except: Usage() sys.exit(2) output = None for o, a in opts: if o in ("-h", "--help"): Usage() sys.exit(2) if o in ("-o", "--output"): output = a FetchTwitter(user, output) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 '''Post a message to twitter''' __author__ = 'dewitt@google.com' import ConfigParser import getopt import os import sys import twitter USAGE = '''Usage: tweet [options] message This script posts a message to Twitter. Options: -h --help : print this help --consumer-key : the twitter consumer key --consumer-secret : the twitter consumer secret --access-key : the twitter access token key --access-secret : the twitter access token secret --encoding : the character set encoding used in input strings, e.g. "utf-8". [optional] Documentation: If either of the command line flags are not present, the environment variables TWEETUSERNAME and TWEETPASSWORD will then be checked for your consumer_key or consumer_secret, respectively. If neither the command line flags nor the enviroment variables are present, the .tweetrc file, if it exists, can be used to set the default consumer_key and consumer_secret. The file should contain the following three lines, replacing *consumer_key* with your consumer key, and *consumer_secret* with your consumer secret: A skeletal .tweetrc file: [Tweet] consumer_key: *consumer_key* consumer_secret: *consumer_password* access_key: *access_key* access_secret: *access_password* ''' def PrintUsageAndExit(): print USAGE sys.exit(2) def GetConsumerKeyEnv(): return os.environ.get("TWEETUSERNAME", None) def GetConsumerSecretEnv(): return os.environ.get("TWEETPASSWORD", None) def GetAccessKeyEnv(): return os.environ.get("TWEETACCESSKEY", None) def GetAccessSecretEnv(): return os.environ.get("TWEETACCESSSECRET", None) class TweetRc(object): def __init__(self): self._config = None def GetConsumerKey(self): return self._GetOption('consumer_key') def GetConsumerSecret(self): return self._GetOption('consumer_secret') def GetAccessKey(self): return self._GetOption('access_key') def GetAccessSecret(self): return self._GetOption('access_secret') def _GetOption(self, option): try: return self._GetConfig().get('Tweet', option) except: return None def _GetConfig(self): if not self._config: self._config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() self._config.read(os.path.expanduser('~/.tweetrc')) return self._config def main(): try: shortflags = 'h' longflags = ['help', 'consumer-key=', 'consumer-secret=', 'access-key=', 'access-secret=', 'encoding='] opts, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(sys.argv[1:], shortflags, longflags) except getopt.GetoptError: PrintUsageAndExit() consumer_keyflag = None consumer_secretflag = None access_keyflag = None access_secretflag = None encoding = None for o, a in opts: if o in ("-h", "--help"): PrintUsageAndExit() if o in ("--consumer-key"): consumer_keyflag = a if o in ("--consumer-secret"): consumer_secretflag = a if o in ("--access-key"): access_keyflag = a if o in ("--access-secret"): access_secretflag = a if o in ("--encoding"): encoding = a message = ' '.join(args) if not message: PrintUsageAndExit() rc = TweetRc() consumer_key = consumer_keyflag or GetConsumerKeyEnv() or rc.GetConsumerKey() consumer_secret = consumer_secretflag or GetConsumerSecretEnv() or rc.GetConsumerSecret() access_key = access_keyflag or GetAccessKeyEnv() or rc.GetAccessKey() access_secret = access_secretflag or GetAccessSecretEnv() or rc.GetAccessSecret() if not consumer_key or not consumer_secret or not access_key or not access_secret: PrintUsageAndExit() api = twitter.Api(consumer_key=consumer_key, consumer_secret=consumer_secret, access_token_key=access_key, access_token_secret=access_secret, input_encoding=encoding) try: status = api.PostUpdate(message) except UnicodeDecodeError: print "Your message could not be encoded. Perhaps it contains non-ASCII characters? " print "Try explicitly specifying the encoding with the --encoding flag" sys.exit(2) print "%s just posted: %s" % (status.user.name, status.text) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright 2007 The Python-Twitter Developers # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. '''A class that defines the default URL Shortener. TinyURL is provided as the default and as an example. ''' import urllib # Change History # # 2010-05-16 # TinyURL example and the idea for this comes from a bug filed by # acolorado with patch provided by ghills. Class implementation # was done by bear. # # Issue 19 http://code.google.com/p/python-twitter/issues/detail?id=19 # class ShortenURL(object): '''Helper class to make URL Shortener calls if/when required''' def __init__(self, userid=None, password=None): '''Instantiate a new ShortenURL object Args: userid: userid for any required authorization call [optional] password: password for any required authorization call [optional] ''' self.userid = userid self.password = password def Shorten(self, longURL): '''Call TinyURL API and returned shortened URL result Args: longURL: URL string to shorten Returns: The shortened URL as a string Note: longURL is required and no checks are made to ensure completeness ''' result = None f = urllib.urlopen("http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=%s" % longURL) try: result = f.read() finally: f.close() return result
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright 2007 The Python-Twitter Developers # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. '''A library that provides a Python interface to the Twitter API''' __author__ = 'python-twitter@googlegroups.com' __version__ = '0.8.3' import base64 import calendar import datetime import httplib import os import rfc822 import sys import tempfile import textwrap import time import calendar import urllib import urllib2 import urlparse import gzip import StringIO try: # Python >= 2.6 import json as simplejson except ImportError: try: # Python < 2.6 import simplejson except ImportError: try: # Google App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: raise ImportError, "Unable to load a json library" # parse_qsl moved to urlparse module in v2.6 try: from urlparse import parse_qsl, parse_qs except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl, parse_qs try: from hashlib import md5 except ImportError: from md5 import md5 import oauth2 as oauth CHARACTER_LIMIT = 140 # A singleton representing a lazily instantiated FileCache. DEFAULT_CACHE = object() REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token' ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token' AUTHORIZATION_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize' SIGNIN_URL = 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authenticate' class TwitterError(Exception): '''Base class for Twitter errors''' @property def message(self): '''Returns the first argument used to construct this error.''' return self.args[0] class Status(object): '''A class representing the Status structure used by the twitter API. The Status structure exposes the following properties: status.created_at status.created_at_in_seconds # read only status.favorited status.in_reply_to_screen_name status.in_reply_to_user_id status.in_reply_to_status_id status.truncated status.source status.id status.text status.location status.relative_created_at # read only status.user status.urls status.user_mentions status.hashtags status.geo status.place status.coordinates status.contributors ''' def __init__(self, created_at=None, favorited=None, id=None, text=None, location=None, user=None, in_reply_to_screen_name=None, in_reply_to_user_id=None, in_reply_to_status_id=None, truncated=None, source=None, now=None, urls=None, user_mentions=None, hashtags=None, geo=None, place=None, coordinates=None, contributors=None, retweeted=None, retweeted_status=None, retweet_count=None): '''An object to hold a Twitter status message. This class is normally instantiated by the twitter.Api class and returned in a sequence. Note: Dates are posted in the form "Sat Jan 27 04:17:38 +0000 2007" Args: created_at: The time this status message was posted. [Optional] favorited: Whether this is a favorite of the authenticated user. [Optional] id: The unique id of this status message. [Optional] text: The text of this status message. [Optional] location: the geolocation string associated with this message. [Optional] relative_created_at: A human readable string representing the posting time. [Optional] user: A twitter.User instance representing the person posting the message. [Optional] now: The current time, if the client choses to set it. Defaults to the wall clock time. [Optional] urls: user_mentions: hashtags: geo: place: coordinates: contributors: retweeted: retweeted_status: retweet_count: ''' self.created_at = created_at self.favorited = favorited self.id = id self.text = text self.location = location self.user = user self.now = now self.in_reply_to_screen_name = in_reply_to_screen_name self.in_reply_to_user_id = in_reply_to_user_id self.in_reply_to_status_id = in_reply_to_status_id self.truncated = truncated self.retweeted = retweeted self.source = source self.urls = urls self.user_mentions = user_mentions self.hashtags = hashtags self.geo = geo self.place = place self.coordinates = coordinates self.contributors = contributors self.retweeted_status = retweeted_status self.retweet_count = retweet_count def GetCreatedAt(self): '''Get the time this status message was posted. Returns: The time this status message was posted ''' return self._created_at def SetCreatedAt(self, created_at): '''Set the time this status message was posted. Args: created_at: The time this status message was created ''' self._created_at = created_at created_at = property(GetCreatedAt, SetCreatedAt, doc='The time this status message was posted.') def GetCreatedAtInSeconds(self): '''Get the time this status message was posted, in seconds since the epoch. Returns: The time this status message was posted, in seconds since the epoch. ''' return calendar.timegm(rfc822.parsedate(self.created_at)) created_at_in_seconds = property(GetCreatedAtInSeconds, doc="The time this status message was " "posted, in seconds since the epoch") def GetFavorited(self): '''Get the favorited setting of this status message. Returns: True if this status message is favorited; False otherwise ''' return self._favorited def SetFavorited(self, favorited): '''Set the favorited state of this status message. Args: favorited: boolean True/False favorited state of this status message ''' self._favorited = favorited favorited = property(GetFavorited, SetFavorited, doc='The favorited state of this status message.') def GetId(self): '''Get the unique id of this status message. Returns: The unique id of this status message ''' return self._id def SetId(self, id): '''Set the unique id of this status message. Args: id: The unique id of this status message ''' self._id = id id = property(GetId, SetId, doc='The unique id of this status message.') def GetInReplyToScreenName(self): return self._in_reply_to_screen_name def SetInReplyToScreenName(self, in_reply_to_screen_name): self._in_reply_to_screen_name = in_reply_to_screen_name in_reply_to_screen_name = property(GetInReplyToScreenName, SetInReplyToScreenName, doc='') def GetInReplyToUserId(self): return self._in_reply_to_user_id def SetInReplyToUserId(self, in_reply_to_user_id): self._in_reply_to_user_id = in_reply_to_user_id in_reply_to_user_id = property(GetInReplyToUserId, SetInReplyToUserId, doc='') def GetInReplyToStatusId(self): return self._in_reply_to_status_id def SetInReplyToStatusId(self, in_reply_to_status_id): self._in_reply_to_status_id = in_reply_to_status_id in_reply_to_status_id = property(GetInReplyToStatusId, SetInReplyToStatusId, doc='') def GetTruncated(self): return self._truncated def SetTruncated(self, truncated): self._truncated = truncated truncated = property(GetTruncated, SetTruncated, doc='') def GetRetweeted(self): return self._retweeted def SetRetweeted(self, retweeted): self._retweeted = retweeted retweeted = property(GetRetweeted, SetRetweeted, doc='') def GetSource(self): return self._source def SetSource(self, source): self._source = source source = property(GetSource, SetSource, doc='') def GetText(self): '''Get the text of this status message. Returns: The text of this status message. ''' return self._text def SetText(self, text): '''Set the text of this status message. Args: text: The text of this status message ''' self._text = text text = property(GetText, SetText, doc='The text of this status message') def GetLocation(self): '''Get the geolocation associated with this status message Returns: The geolocation string of this status message. ''' return self._location def SetLocation(self, location): '''Set the geolocation associated with this status message Args: location: The geolocation string of this status message ''' self._location = location location = property(GetLocation, SetLocation, doc='The geolocation string of this status message') def GetRelativeCreatedAt(self): '''Get a human redable string representing the posting time Returns: A human readable string representing the posting time ''' fudge = 1.25 delta = long(self.now) - long(self.created_at_in_seconds) if delta < (1 * fudge): return 'about a second ago' elif delta < (60 * (1/fudge)): return 'about %d seconds ago' % (delta) elif delta < (60 * fudge): return 'about a minute ago' elif delta < (60 * 60 * (1/fudge)): return 'about %d minutes ago' % (delta / 60) elif delta < (60 * 60 * fudge) or delta / (60 * 60) == 1: return 'about an hour ago' elif delta < (60 * 60 * 24 * (1/fudge)): return 'about %d hours ago' % (delta / (60 * 60)) elif delta < (60 * 60 * 24 * fudge) or delta / (60 * 60 * 24) == 1: return 'about a day ago' else: return 'about %d days ago' % (delta / (60 * 60 * 24)) relative_created_at = property(GetRelativeCreatedAt, doc='Get a human readable string representing ' 'the posting time') def GetUser(self): '''Get a twitter.User reprenting the entity posting this status message. Returns: A twitter.User reprenting the entity posting this status message ''' return self._user def SetUser(self, user): '''Set a twitter.User reprenting the entity posting this status message. Args: user: A twitter.User reprenting the entity posting this status message ''' self._user = user user = property(GetUser, SetUser, doc='A twitter.User reprenting the entity posting this ' 'status message') def GetNow(self): '''Get the wallclock time for this status message. Used to calculate relative_created_at. Defaults to the time the object was instantiated. Returns: Whatever the status instance believes the current time to be, in seconds since the epoch. ''' if self._now is None: self._now = time.time() return self._now def SetNow(self, now): '''Set the wallclock time for this status message. Used to calculate relative_created_at. Defaults to the time the object was instantiated. Args: now: The wallclock time for this instance. ''' self._now = now now = property(GetNow, SetNow, doc='The wallclock time for this status instance.') def GetGeo(self): return self._geo def SetGeo(self, geo): self._geo = geo geo = property(GetGeo, SetGeo, doc='') def GetPlace(self): return self._place def SetPlace(self, place): self._place = place place = property(GetPlace, SetPlace, doc='') def GetCoordinates(self): return self._coordinates def SetCoordinates(self, coordinates): self._coordinates = coordinates coordinates = property(GetCoordinates, SetCoordinates, doc='') def GetContributors(self): return self._contributors def SetContributors(self, contributors): self._contributors = contributors contributors = property(GetContributors, SetContributors, doc='') def GetRetweeted_status(self): return self._retweeted_status def SetRetweeted_status(self, retweeted_status): self._retweeted_status = retweeted_status retweeted_status = property(GetRetweeted_status, SetRetweeted_status, doc='') def GetRetweetCount(self): return self._retweet_count def SetRetweetCount(self, retweet_count): self._retweet_count = retweet_count retweet_count = property(GetRetweetCount, SetRetweetCount, doc='') def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __eq__(self, other): try: return other and \ self.created_at == other.created_at and \ self.id == other.id and \ self.text == other.text and \ self.location == other.location and \ self.user == other.user and \ self.in_reply_to_screen_name == other.in_reply_to_screen_name and \ self.in_reply_to_user_id == other.in_reply_to_user_id and \ self.in_reply_to_status_id == other.in_reply_to_status_id and \ self.truncated == other.truncated and \ self.retweeted == other.retweeted and \ self.favorited == other.favorited and \ self.source == other.source and \ self.geo == other.geo and \ self.place == other.place and \ self.coordinates == other.coordinates and \ self.contributors == other.contributors and \ self.retweeted_status == other.retweeted_status and \ self.retweet_count == other.retweet_count except AttributeError: return False def __str__(self): '''A string representation of this twitter.Status instance. The return value is the same as the JSON string representation. Returns: A string representation of this twitter.Status instance. ''' return self.AsJsonString() def AsJsonString(self): '''A JSON string representation of this twitter.Status instance. Returns: A JSON string representation of this twitter.Status instance ''' return simplejson.dumps(self.AsDict(), sort_keys=True) def AsDict(self): '''A dict representation of this twitter.Status instance. The return value uses the same key names as the JSON representation. Return: A dict representing this twitter.Status instance ''' data = {} if self.created_at: data['created_at'] = self.created_at if self.favorited: data['favorited'] = self.favorited if self.id: data['id'] = self.id if self.text: data['text'] = self.text if self.location: data['location'] = self.location if self.user: data['user'] = self.user.AsDict() if self.in_reply_to_screen_name: data['in_reply_to_screen_name'] = self.in_reply_to_screen_name if self.in_reply_to_user_id: data['in_reply_to_user_id'] = self.in_reply_to_user_id if self.in_reply_to_status_id: data['in_reply_to_status_id'] = self.in_reply_to_status_id if self.truncated is not None: data['truncated'] = self.truncated if self.retweeted is not None: data['retweeted'] = self.retweeted if self.favorited is not None: data['favorited'] = self.favorited if self.source: data['source'] = self.source if self.geo: data['geo'] = self.geo if self.place: data['place'] = self.place if self.coordinates: data['coordinates'] = self.coordinates if self.contributors: data['contributors'] = self.contributors if self.hashtags: data['hashtags'] = [h.text for h in self.hashtags] if self.retweeted_status: data['retweeted_status'] = self.retweeted_status.AsDict() if self.retweet_count: data['retweet_count'] = self.retweet_count return data @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.Status instance ''' if 'user' in data: user = User.NewFromJsonDict(data['user']) else: user = None if 'retweeted_status' in data: retweeted_status = Status.NewFromJsonDict(data['retweeted_status']) else: retweeted_status = None urls = None user_mentions = None hashtags = None if 'entities' in data: if 'urls' in data['entities']: urls = [Url.NewFromJsonDict(u) for u in data['entities']['urls']] if 'user_mentions' in data['entities']: user_mentions = [User.NewFromJsonDict(u) for u in data['entities']['user_mentions']] if 'hashtags' in data['entities']: hashtags = [Hashtag.NewFromJsonDict(h) for h in data['entities']['hashtags']] return Status(created_at=data.get('created_at', None), favorited=data.get('favorited', None), id=data.get('id', None), text=data.get('text', None), location=data.get('location', None), in_reply_to_screen_name=data.get('in_reply_to_screen_name', None), in_reply_to_user_id=data.get('in_reply_to_user_id', None), in_reply_to_status_id=data.get('in_reply_to_status_id', None), truncated=data.get('truncated', None), retweeted=data.get('retweeted', None), source=data.get('source', None), user=user, urls=urls, user_mentions=user_mentions, hashtags=hashtags, geo=data.get('geo', None), place=data.get('place', None), coordinates=data.get('coordinates', None), contributors=data.get('contributors', None), retweeted_status=retweeted_status, retweet_count=data.get('retweet_count', None)) class User(object): '''A class representing the User structure used by the twitter API. The User structure exposes the following properties: user.id user.name user.screen_name user.location user.description user.profile_image_url user.profile_background_tile user.profile_background_image_url user.profile_sidebar_fill_color user.profile_background_color user.profile_link_color user.profile_text_color user.protected user.utc_offset user.time_zone user.url user.status user.statuses_count user.followers_count user.friends_count user.favourites_count user.geo_enabled user.verified user.lang user.notifications user.contributors_enabled user.created_at user.listed_count ''' def __init__(self, id=None, name=None, screen_name=None, location=None, description=None, profile_image_url=None, profile_background_tile=None, profile_background_image_url=None, profile_sidebar_fill_color=None, profile_background_color=None, profile_link_color=None, profile_text_color=None, protected=None, utc_offset=None, time_zone=None, followers_count=None, friends_count=None, statuses_count=None, favourites_count=None, url=None, status=None, geo_enabled=None, verified=None, lang=None, notifications=None, contributors_enabled=None, created_at=None, listed_count=None): self.id = id self.name = name self.screen_name = screen_name self.location = location self.description = description self.profile_image_url = profile_image_url self.profile_background_tile = profile_background_tile self.profile_background_image_url = profile_background_image_url self.profile_sidebar_fill_color = profile_sidebar_fill_color self.profile_background_color = profile_background_color self.profile_link_color = profile_link_color self.profile_text_color = profile_text_color self.protected = protected self.utc_offset = utc_offset self.time_zone = time_zone self.followers_count = followers_count self.friends_count = friends_count self.statuses_count = statuses_count self.favourites_count = favourites_count self.url = url self.status = status self.geo_enabled = geo_enabled self.verified = verified self.lang = lang self.notifications = notifications self.contributors_enabled = contributors_enabled self.created_at = created_at self.listed_count = listed_count def GetId(self): '''Get the unique id of this user. Returns: The unique id of this user ''' return self._id def SetId(self, id): '''Set the unique id of this user. Args: id: The unique id of this user. ''' self._id = id id = property(GetId, SetId, doc='The unique id of this user.') def GetName(self): '''Get the real name of this user. Returns: The real name of this user ''' return self._name def SetName(self, name): '''Set the real name of this user. Args: name: The real name of this user ''' self._name = name name = property(GetName, SetName, doc='The real name of this user.') def GetScreenName(self): '''Get the short twitter name of this user. Returns: The short twitter name of this user ''' return self._screen_name def SetScreenName(self, screen_name): '''Set the short twitter name of this user. Args: screen_name: the short twitter name of this user ''' self._screen_name = screen_name screen_name = property(GetScreenName, SetScreenName, doc='The short twitter name of this user.') def GetLocation(self): '''Get the geographic location of this user. Returns: The geographic location of this user ''' return self._location def SetLocation(self, location): '''Set the geographic location of this user. Args: location: The geographic location of this user ''' self._location = location location = property(GetLocation, SetLocation, doc='The geographic location of this user.') def GetDescription(self): '''Get the short text description of this user. Returns: The short text description of this user ''' return self._description def SetDescription(self, description): '''Set the short text description of this user. Args: description: The short text description of this user ''' self._description = description description = property(GetDescription, SetDescription, doc='The short text description of this user.') def GetUrl(self): '''Get the homepage url of this user. Returns: The homepage url of this user ''' return self._url def SetUrl(self, url): '''Set the homepage url of this user. Args: url: The homepage url of this user ''' self._url = url url = property(GetUrl, SetUrl, doc='The homepage url of this user.') def GetProfileImageUrl(self): '''Get the url of the thumbnail of this user. Returns: The url of the thumbnail of this user ''' return self._profile_image_url def SetProfileImageUrl(self, profile_image_url): '''Set the url of the thumbnail of this user. Args: profile_image_url: The url of the thumbnail of this user ''' self._profile_image_url = profile_image_url profile_image_url= property(GetProfileImageUrl, SetProfileImageUrl, doc='The url of the thumbnail of this user.') def GetProfileBackgroundTile(self): '''Boolean for whether to tile the profile background image. Returns: True if the background is to be tiled, False if not, None if unset. ''' return self._profile_background_tile def SetProfileBackgroundTile(self, profile_background_tile): '''Set the boolean flag for whether to tile the profile background image. Args: profile_background_tile: Boolean flag for whether to tile or not. ''' self._profile_background_tile = profile_background_tile profile_background_tile = property(GetProfileBackgroundTile, SetProfileBackgroundTile, doc='Boolean for whether to tile the background image.') def GetProfileBackgroundImageUrl(self): return self._profile_background_image_url def SetProfileBackgroundImageUrl(self, profile_background_image_url): self._profile_background_image_url = profile_background_image_url profile_background_image_url = property(GetProfileBackgroundImageUrl, SetProfileBackgroundImageUrl, doc='The url of the profile background of this user.') def GetProfileSidebarFillColor(self): return self._profile_sidebar_fill_color def SetProfileSidebarFillColor(self, profile_sidebar_fill_color): self._profile_sidebar_fill_color = profile_sidebar_fill_color profile_sidebar_fill_color = property(GetProfileSidebarFillColor, SetProfileSidebarFillColor) def GetProfileBackgroundColor(self): return self._profile_background_color def SetProfileBackgroundColor(self, profile_background_color): self._profile_background_color = profile_background_color profile_background_color = property(GetProfileBackgroundColor, SetProfileBackgroundColor) def GetProfileLinkColor(self): return self._profile_link_color def SetProfileLinkColor(self, profile_link_color): self._profile_link_color = profile_link_color profile_link_color = property(GetProfileLinkColor, SetProfileLinkColor) def GetProfileTextColor(self): return self._profile_text_color def SetProfileTextColor(self, profile_text_color): self._profile_text_color = profile_text_color profile_text_color = property(GetProfileTextColor, SetProfileTextColor) def GetProtected(self): return self._protected def SetProtected(self, protected): self._protected = protected protected = property(GetProtected, SetProtected) def GetUtcOffset(self): return self._utc_offset def SetUtcOffset(self, utc_offset): self._utc_offset = utc_offset utc_offset = property(GetUtcOffset, SetUtcOffset) def GetTimeZone(self): '''Returns the current time zone string for the user. Returns: The descriptive time zone string for the user. ''' return self._time_zone def SetTimeZone(self, time_zone): '''Sets the user's time zone string. Args: time_zone: The descriptive time zone to assign for the user. ''' self._time_zone = time_zone time_zone = property(GetTimeZone, SetTimeZone) def GetStatus(self): '''Get the latest twitter.Status of this user. Returns: The latest twitter.Status of this user ''' return self._status def SetStatus(self, status): '''Set the latest twitter.Status of this user. Args: status: The latest twitter.Status of this user ''' self._status = status status = property(GetStatus, SetStatus, doc='The latest twitter.Status of this user.') def GetFriendsCount(self): '''Get the friend count for this user. Returns: The number of users this user has befriended. ''' return self._friends_count def SetFriendsCount(self, count): '''Set the friend count for this user. Args: count: The number of users this user has befriended. ''' self._friends_count = count friends_count = property(GetFriendsCount, SetFriendsCount, doc='The number of friends for this user.') def GetListedCount(self): '''Get the listed count for this user. Returns: The number of lists this user belongs to. ''' return self._listed_count def SetListedCount(self, count): '''Set the listed count for this user. Args: count: The number of lists this user belongs to. ''' self._listed_count = count listed_count = property(GetListedCount, SetListedCount, doc='The number of lists this user belongs to.') def GetFollowersCount(self): '''Get the follower count for this user. Returns: The number of users following this user. ''' return self._followers_count def SetFollowersCount(self, count): '''Set the follower count for this user. Args: count: The number of users following this user. ''' self._followers_count = count followers_count = property(GetFollowersCount, SetFollowersCount, doc='The number of users following this user.') def GetStatusesCount(self): '''Get the number of status updates for this user. Returns: The number of status updates for this user. ''' return self._statuses_count def SetStatusesCount(self, count): '''Set the status update count for this user. Args: count: The number of updates for this user. ''' self._statuses_count = count statuses_count = property(GetStatusesCount, SetStatusesCount, doc='The number of updates for this user.') def GetFavouritesCount(self): '''Get the number of favourites for this user. Returns: The number of favourites for this user. ''' return self._favourites_count def SetFavouritesCount(self, count): '''Set the favourite count for this user. Args: count: The number of favourites for this user. ''' self._favourites_count = count favourites_count = property(GetFavouritesCount, SetFavouritesCount, doc='The number of favourites for this user.') def GetGeoEnabled(self): '''Get the setting of geo_enabled for this user. Returns: True/False if Geo tagging is enabled ''' return self._geo_enabled def SetGeoEnabled(self, geo_enabled): '''Set the latest twitter.geo_enabled of this user. Args: geo_enabled: True/False if Geo tagging is to be enabled ''' self._geo_enabled = geo_enabled geo_enabled = property(GetGeoEnabled, SetGeoEnabled, doc='The value of twitter.geo_enabled for this user.') def GetVerified(self): '''Get the setting of verified for this user. Returns: True/False if user is a verified account ''' return self._verified def SetVerified(self, verified): '''Set twitter.verified for this user. Args: verified: True/False if user is a verified account ''' self._verified = verified verified = property(GetVerified, SetVerified, doc='The value of twitter.verified for this user.') def GetLang(self): '''Get the setting of lang for this user. Returns: language code of the user ''' return self._lang def SetLang(self, lang): '''Set twitter.lang for this user. Args: lang: language code for the user ''' self._lang = lang lang = property(GetLang, SetLang, doc='The value of twitter.lang for this user.') def GetNotifications(self): '''Get the setting of notifications for this user. Returns: True/False for the notifications setting of the user ''' return self._notifications def SetNotifications(self, notifications): '''Set twitter.notifications for this user. Args: notifications: True/False notifications setting for the user ''' self._notifications = notifications notifications = property(GetNotifications, SetNotifications, doc='The value of twitter.notifications for this user.') def GetContributorsEnabled(self): '''Get the setting of contributors_enabled for this user. Returns: True/False contributors_enabled of the user ''' return self._contributors_enabled def SetContributorsEnabled(self, contributors_enabled): '''Set twitter.contributors_enabled for this user. Args: contributors_enabled: True/False contributors_enabled setting for the user ''' self._contributors_enabled = contributors_enabled contributors_enabled = property(GetContributorsEnabled, SetContributorsEnabled, doc='The value of twitter.contributors_enabled for this user.') def GetCreatedAt(self): '''Get the setting of created_at for this user. Returns: created_at value of the user ''' return self._created_at def SetCreatedAt(self, created_at): '''Set twitter.created_at for this user. Args: created_at: created_at value for the user ''' self._created_at = created_at created_at = property(GetCreatedAt, SetCreatedAt, doc='The value of twitter.created_at for this user.') def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __eq__(self, other): try: return other and \ self.id == other.id and \ self.name == other.name and \ self.screen_name == other.screen_name and \ self.location == other.location and \ self.description == other.description and \ self.profile_image_url == other.profile_image_url and \ self.profile_background_tile == other.profile_background_tile and \ self.profile_background_image_url == other.profile_background_image_url and \ self.profile_sidebar_fill_color == other.profile_sidebar_fill_color and \ self.profile_background_color == other.profile_background_color and \ self.profile_link_color == other.profile_link_color and \ self.profile_text_color == other.profile_text_color and \ self.protected == other.protected and \ self.utc_offset == other.utc_offset and \ self.time_zone == other.time_zone and \ self.url == other.url and \ self.statuses_count == other.statuses_count and \ self.followers_count == other.followers_count and \ self.favourites_count == other.favourites_count and \ self.friends_count == other.friends_count and \ self.status == other.status and \ self.geo_enabled == other.geo_enabled and \ self.verified == other.verified and \ self.lang == other.lang and \ self.notifications == other.notifications and \ self.contributors_enabled == other.contributors_enabled and \ self.created_at == other.created_at and \ self.listed_count == other.listed_count except AttributeError: return False def __str__(self): '''A string representation of this twitter.User instance. The return value is the same as the JSON string representation. Returns: A string representation of this twitter.User instance. ''' return self.AsJsonString() def AsJsonString(self): '''A JSON string representation of this twitter.User instance. Returns: A JSON string representation of this twitter.User instance ''' return simplejson.dumps(self.AsDict(), sort_keys=True) def AsDict(self): '''A dict representation of this twitter.User instance. The return value uses the same key names as the JSON representation. Return: A dict representing this twitter.User instance ''' data = {} if self.id: data['id'] = self.id if self.name: data['name'] = self.name if self.screen_name: data['screen_name'] = self.screen_name if self.location: data['location'] = self.location if self.description: data['description'] = self.description if self.profile_image_url: data['profile_image_url'] = self.profile_image_url if self.profile_background_tile is not None: data['profile_background_tile'] = self.profile_background_tile if self.profile_background_image_url: data['profile_sidebar_fill_color'] = self.profile_background_image_url if self.profile_background_color: data['profile_background_color'] = self.profile_background_color if self.profile_link_color: data['profile_link_color'] = self.profile_link_color if self.profile_text_color: data['profile_text_color'] = self.profile_text_color if self.protected is not None: data['protected'] = self.protected if self.utc_offset: data['utc_offset'] = self.utc_offset if self.time_zone: data['time_zone'] = self.time_zone if self.url: data['url'] = self.url if self.status: data['status'] = self.status.AsDict() if self.friends_count: data['friends_count'] = self.friends_count if self.followers_count: data['followers_count'] = self.followers_count if self.statuses_count: data['statuses_count'] = self.statuses_count if self.favourites_count: data['favourites_count'] = self.favourites_count if self.geo_enabled: data['geo_enabled'] = self.geo_enabled if self.verified: data['verified'] = self.verified if self.lang: data['lang'] = self.lang if self.notifications: data['notifications'] = self.notifications if self.contributors_enabled: data['contributors_enabled'] = self.contributors_enabled if self.created_at: data['created_at'] = self.created_at if self.listed_count: data['listed_count'] = self.listed_count return data @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.User instance ''' if 'status' in data: status = Status.NewFromJsonDict(data['status']) else: status = None return User(id=data.get('id', None), name=data.get('name', None), screen_name=data.get('screen_name', None), location=data.get('location', None), description=data.get('description', None), statuses_count=data.get('statuses_count', None), followers_count=data.get('followers_count', None), favourites_count=data.get('favourites_count', None), friends_count=data.get('friends_count', None), profile_image_url=data.get('profile_image_url', None), profile_background_tile = data.get('profile_background_tile', None), profile_background_image_url = data.get('profile_background_image_url', None), profile_sidebar_fill_color = data.get('profile_sidebar_fill_color', None), profile_background_color = data.get('profile_background_color', None), profile_link_color = data.get('profile_link_color', None), profile_text_color = data.get('profile_text_color', None), protected = data.get('protected', None), utc_offset = data.get('utc_offset', None), time_zone = data.get('time_zone', None), url=data.get('url', None), status=status, geo_enabled=data.get('geo_enabled', None), verified=data.get('verified', None), lang=data.get('lang', None), notifications=data.get('notifications', None), contributors_enabled=data.get('contributors_enabled', None), created_at=data.get('created_at', None), listed_count=data.get('listed_count', None)) class List(object): '''A class representing the List structure used by the twitter API. The List structure exposes the following properties: list.id list.name list.slug list.description list.full_name list.mode list.uri list.member_count list.subscriber_count list.following ''' def __init__(self, id=None, name=None, slug=None, description=None, full_name=None, mode=None, uri=None, member_count=None, subscriber_count=None, following=None, user=None): self.id = id self.name = name self.slug = slug self.description = description self.full_name = full_name self.mode = mode self.uri = uri self.member_count = member_count self.subscriber_count = subscriber_count self.following = following self.user = user def GetId(self): '''Get the unique id of this list. Returns: The unique id of this list ''' return self._id def SetId(self, id): '''Set the unique id of this list. Args: id: The unique id of this list. ''' self._id = id id = property(GetId, SetId, doc='The unique id of this list.') def GetName(self): '''Get the real name of this list. Returns: The real name of this list ''' return self._name def SetName(self, name): '''Set the real name of this list. Args: name: The real name of this list ''' self._name = name name = property(GetName, SetName, doc='The real name of this list.') def GetSlug(self): '''Get the slug of this list. Returns: The slug of this list ''' return self._slug def SetSlug(self, slug): '''Set the slug of this list. Args: slug: The slug of this list. ''' self._slug = slug slug = property(GetSlug, SetSlug, doc='The slug of this list.') def GetDescription(self): '''Get the description of this list. Returns: The description of this list ''' return self._description def SetDescription(self, description): '''Set the description of this list. Args: description: The description of this list. ''' self._description = description description = property(GetDescription, SetDescription, doc='The description of this list.') def GetFull_name(self): '''Get the full_name of this list. Returns: The full_name of this list ''' return self._full_name def SetFull_name(self, full_name): '''Set the full_name of this list. Args: full_name: The full_name of this list. ''' self._full_name = full_name full_name = property(GetFull_name, SetFull_name, doc='The full_name of this list.') def GetMode(self): '''Get the mode of this list. Returns: The mode of this list ''' return self._mode def SetMode(self, mode): '''Set the mode of this list. Args: mode: The mode of this list. ''' self._mode = mode mode = property(GetMode, SetMode, doc='The mode of this list.') def GetUri(self): '''Get the uri of this list. Returns: The uri of this list ''' return self._uri def SetUri(self, uri): '''Set the uri of this list. Args: uri: The uri of this list. ''' self._uri = uri uri = property(GetUri, SetUri, doc='The uri of this list.') def GetMember_count(self): '''Get the member_count of this list. Returns: The member_count of this list ''' return self._member_count def SetMember_count(self, member_count): '''Set the member_count of this list. Args: member_count: The member_count of this list. ''' self._member_count = member_count member_count = property(GetMember_count, SetMember_count, doc='The member_count of this list.') def GetSubscriber_count(self): '''Get the subscriber_count of this list. Returns: The subscriber_count of this list ''' return self._subscriber_count def SetSubscriber_count(self, subscriber_count): '''Set the subscriber_count of this list. Args: subscriber_count: The subscriber_count of this list. ''' self._subscriber_count = subscriber_count subscriber_count = property(GetSubscriber_count, SetSubscriber_count, doc='The subscriber_count of this list.') def GetFollowing(self): '''Get the following status of this list. Returns: The following status of this list ''' return self._following def SetFollowing(self, following): '''Set the following status of this list. Args: following: The following of this list. ''' self._following = following following = property(GetFollowing, SetFollowing, doc='The following status of this list.') def GetUser(self): '''Get the user of this list. Returns: The owner of this list ''' return self._user def SetUser(self, user): '''Set the user of this list. Args: user: The owner of this list. ''' self._user = user user = property(GetUser, SetUser, doc='The owner of this list.') def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __eq__(self, other): try: return other and \ self.id == other.id and \ self.name == other.name and \ self.slug == other.slug and \ self.description == other.description and \ self.full_name == other.full_name and \ self.mode == other.mode and \ self.uri == other.uri and \ self.member_count == other.member_count and \ self.subscriber_count == other.subscriber_count and \ self.following == other.following and \ self.user == other.user except AttributeError: return False def __str__(self): '''A string representation of this twitter.List instance. The return value is the same as the JSON string representation. Returns: A string representation of this twitter.List instance. ''' return self.AsJsonString() def AsJsonString(self): '''A JSON string representation of this twitter.List instance. Returns: A JSON string representation of this twitter.List instance ''' return simplejson.dumps(self.AsDict(), sort_keys=True) def AsDict(self): '''A dict representation of this twitter.List instance. The return value uses the same key names as the JSON representation. Return: A dict representing this twitter.List instance ''' data = {} if self.id: data['id'] = self.id if self.name: data['name'] = self.name if self.slug: data['slug'] = self.slug if self.description: data['description'] = self.description if self.full_name: data['full_name'] = self.full_name if self.mode: data['mode'] = self.mode if self.uri: data['uri'] = self.uri if self.member_count is not None: data['member_count'] = self.member_count if self.subscriber_count is not None: data['subscriber_count'] = self.subscriber_count if self.following is not None: data['following'] = self.following if self.user is not None: data['user'] = self.user return data @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.List instance ''' if 'user' in data: user = User.NewFromJsonDict(data['user']) else: user = None return List(id=data.get('id', None), name=data.get('name', None), slug=data.get('slug', None), description=data.get('description', None), full_name=data.get('full_name', None), mode=data.get('mode', None), uri=data.get('uri', None), member_count=data.get('member_count', None), subscriber_count=data.get('subscriber_count', None), following=data.get('following', None), user=user) class DirectMessage(object): '''A class representing the DirectMessage structure used by the twitter API. The DirectMessage structure exposes the following properties: direct_message.id direct_message.created_at direct_message.created_at_in_seconds # read only direct_message.sender_id direct_message.sender_screen_name direct_message.recipient_id direct_message.recipient_screen_name direct_message.text ''' def __init__(self, id=None, created_at=None, sender_id=None, sender_screen_name=None, recipient_id=None, recipient_screen_name=None, text=None): '''An object to hold a Twitter direct message. This class is normally instantiated by the twitter.Api class and returned in a sequence. Note: Dates are posted in the form "Sat Jan 27 04:17:38 +0000 2007" Args: id: The unique id of this direct message. [Optional] created_at: The time this direct message was posted. [Optional] sender_id: The id of the twitter user that sent this message. [Optional] sender_screen_name: The name of the twitter user that sent this message. [Optional] recipient_id: The id of the twitter that received this message. [Optional] recipient_screen_name: The name of the twitter that received this message. [Optional] text: The text of this direct message. [Optional] ''' self.id = id self.created_at = created_at self.sender_id = sender_id self.sender_screen_name = sender_screen_name self.recipient_id = recipient_id self.recipient_screen_name = recipient_screen_name self.text = text def GetId(self): '''Get the unique id of this direct message. Returns: The unique id of this direct message ''' return self._id def SetId(self, id): '''Set the unique id of this direct message. Args: id: The unique id of this direct message ''' self._id = id id = property(GetId, SetId, doc='The unique id of this direct message.') def GetCreatedAt(self): '''Get the time this direct message was posted. Returns: The time this direct message was posted ''' return self._created_at def SetCreatedAt(self, created_at): '''Set the time this direct message was posted. Args: created_at: The time this direct message was created ''' self._created_at = created_at created_at = property(GetCreatedAt, SetCreatedAt, doc='The time this direct message was posted.') def GetCreatedAtInSeconds(self): '''Get the time this direct message was posted, in seconds since the epoch. Returns: The time this direct message was posted, in seconds since the epoch. ''' return calendar.timegm(rfc822.parsedate(self.created_at)) created_at_in_seconds = property(GetCreatedAtInSeconds, doc="The time this direct message was " "posted, in seconds since the epoch") def GetSenderId(self): '''Get the unique sender id of this direct message. Returns: The unique sender id of this direct message ''' return self._sender_id def SetSenderId(self, sender_id): '''Set the unique sender id of this direct message. Args: sender_id: The unique sender id of this direct message ''' self._sender_id = sender_id sender_id = property(GetSenderId, SetSenderId, doc='The unique sender id of this direct message.') def GetSenderScreenName(self): '''Get the unique sender screen name of this direct message. Returns: The unique sender screen name of this direct message ''' return self._sender_screen_name def SetSenderScreenName(self, sender_screen_name): '''Set the unique sender screen name of this direct message. Args: sender_screen_name: The unique sender screen name of this direct message ''' self._sender_screen_name = sender_screen_name sender_screen_name = property(GetSenderScreenName, SetSenderScreenName, doc='The unique sender screen name of this direct message.') def GetRecipientId(self): '''Get the unique recipient id of this direct message. Returns: The unique recipient id of this direct message ''' return self._recipient_id def SetRecipientId(self, recipient_id): '''Set the unique recipient id of this direct message. Args: recipient_id: The unique recipient id of this direct message ''' self._recipient_id = recipient_id recipient_id = property(GetRecipientId, SetRecipientId, doc='The unique recipient id of this direct message.') def GetRecipientScreenName(self): '''Get the unique recipient screen name of this direct message. Returns: The unique recipient screen name of this direct message ''' return self._recipient_screen_name def SetRecipientScreenName(self, recipient_screen_name): '''Set the unique recipient screen name of this direct message. Args: recipient_screen_name: The unique recipient screen name of this direct message ''' self._recipient_screen_name = recipient_screen_name recipient_screen_name = property(GetRecipientScreenName, SetRecipientScreenName, doc='The unique recipient screen name of this direct message.') def GetText(self): '''Get the text of this direct message. Returns: The text of this direct message. ''' return self._text def SetText(self, text): '''Set the text of this direct message. Args: text: The text of this direct message ''' self._text = text text = property(GetText, SetText, doc='The text of this direct message') def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __eq__(self, other): try: return other and \ self.id == other.id and \ self.created_at == other.created_at and \ self.sender_id == other.sender_id and \ self.sender_screen_name == other.sender_screen_name and \ self.recipient_id == other.recipient_id and \ self.recipient_screen_name == other.recipient_screen_name and \ self.text == other.text except AttributeError: return False def __str__(self): '''A string representation of this twitter.DirectMessage instance. The return value is the same as the JSON string representation. Returns: A string representation of this twitter.DirectMessage instance. ''' return self.AsJsonString() def AsJsonString(self): '''A JSON string representation of this twitter.DirectMessage instance. Returns: A JSON string representation of this twitter.DirectMessage instance ''' return simplejson.dumps(self.AsDict(), sort_keys=True) def AsDict(self): '''A dict representation of this twitter.DirectMessage instance. The return value uses the same key names as the JSON representation. Return: A dict representing this twitter.DirectMessage instance ''' data = {} if self.id: data['id'] = self.id if self.created_at: data['created_at'] = self.created_at if self.sender_id: data['sender_id'] = self.sender_id if self.sender_screen_name: data['sender_screen_name'] = self.sender_screen_name if self.recipient_id: data['recipient_id'] = self.recipient_id if self.recipient_screen_name: data['recipient_screen_name'] = self.recipient_screen_name if self.text: data['text'] = self.text return data @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.DirectMessage instance ''' return DirectMessage(created_at=data.get('created_at', None), recipient_id=data.get('recipient_id', None), sender_id=data.get('sender_id', None), text=data.get('text', None), sender_screen_name=data.get('sender_screen_name', None), id=data.get('id', None), recipient_screen_name=data.get('recipient_screen_name', None)) class Hashtag(object): ''' A class represeinting a twitter hashtag ''' def __init__(self, text=None): self.text = text @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.Hashtag instance ''' return Hashtag(text = data.get('text', None)) class Trend(object): ''' A class representing a trending topic ''' def __init__(self, name=None, query=None, timestamp=None): self.name = name self.query = query self.timestamp = timestamp def __str__(self): return 'Name: %s\nQuery: %s\nTimestamp: %s\n' % (self.name, self.query, self.timestamp) @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data, timestamp = None): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict Args: data: A JSON dict timestamp: Gets set as the timestamp property of the new object Returns: A twitter.Trend object ''' return Trend(name=data.get('name', None), query=data.get('query', None), timestamp=timestamp) class Url(object): '''A class representing an URL contained in a tweet''' def __init__(self, url=None, expanded_url=None): self.url = url self.expanded_url = expanded_url @staticmethod def NewFromJsonDict(data): '''Create a new instance based on a JSON dict. Args: data: A JSON dict, as converted from the JSON in the twitter API Returns: A twitter.Url instance ''' return Url(url=data.get('url', None), expanded_url=data.get('expanded_url', None)) class Api(object): '''A python interface into the Twitter API By default, the Api caches results for 1 minute. Example usage: To create an instance of the twitter.Api class, with no authentication: >>> import twitter >>> api = twitter.Api() To fetch the most recently posted public twitter status messages: >>> statuses = api.GetPublicTimeline() >>> print [s.user.name for s in statuses] [u'DeWitt', u'Kesuke Miyagi', u'ev', u'Buzz Andersen', u'Biz Stone'] #... To fetch a single user's public status messages, where "user" is either a Twitter "short name" or their user id. >>> statuses = api.GetUserTimeline(user) >>> print [s.text for s in statuses] To use authentication, instantiate the twitter.Api class with a consumer key and secret; and the oAuth key and secret: >>> api = twitter.Api(consumer_key='twitter consumer key', consumer_secret='twitter consumer secret', access_token_key='the_key_given', access_token_secret='the_key_secret') To fetch your friends (after being authenticated): >>> users = api.GetFriends() >>> print [u.name for u in users] To post a twitter status message (after being authenticated): >>> status = api.PostUpdate('I love python-twitter!') >>> print status.text I love python-twitter! There are many other methods, including: >>> api.PostUpdates(status) >>> api.PostDirectMessage(user, text) >>> api.GetUser(user) >>> api.GetReplies() >>> api.GetUserTimeline(user) >>> api.GetStatus(id) >>> api.DestroyStatus(id) >>> api.GetFriendsTimeline(user) >>> api.GetFriends(user) >>> api.GetFollowers() >>> api.GetFeatured() >>> api.GetDirectMessages() >>> api.PostDirectMessage(user, text) >>> api.DestroyDirectMessage(id) >>> api.DestroyFriendship(user) >>> api.CreateFriendship(user) >>> api.GetUserByEmail(email) >>> api.VerifyCredentials() ''' DEFAULT_CACHE_TIMEOUT = 60 # cache for 1 minute _API_REALM = 'Twitter API' def __init__(self, consumer_key=None, consumer_secret=None, access_token_key=None, access_token_secret=None, input_encoding=None, request_headers=None, cache=DEFAULT_CACHE, shortner=None, base_url=None, use_gzip_compression=False, debugHTTP=False): '''Instantiate a new twitter.Api object. Args: consumer_key: Your Twitter user's consumer_key. consumer_secret: Your Twitter user's consumer_secret. access_token_key: The oAuth access token key value you retrieved from running get_access_token.py. access_token_secret: The oAuth access token's secret, also retrieved from the get_access_token.py run. input_encoding: The encoding used to encode input strings. [Optional] request_header: A dictionary of additional HTTP request headers. [Optional] cache: The cache instance to use. Defaults to DEFAULT_CACHE. Use None to disable caching. [Optional] shortner: The shortner instance to use. Defaults to None. See shorten_url.py for an example shortner. [Optional] base_url: The base URL to use to contact the Twitter API. Defaults to https://twitter.com. [Optional] use_gzip_compression: Set to True to tell enable gzip compression for any call made to Twitter. Defaults to False. [Optional] debugHTTP: Set to True to enable debug output from urllib2 when performing any HTTP requests. Defaults to False. [Optional] ''' self.SetCache(cache) self._urllib = urllib2 self._cache_timeout = Api.DEFAULT_CACHE_TIMEOUT self._input_encoding = input_encoding self._use_gzip = use_gzip_compression self._debugHTTP = debugHTTP self._oauth_consumer = None self._InitializeRequestHeaders(request_headers) self._InitializeUserAgent() self._InitializeDefaultParameters() if base_url is None: self.base_url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1' else: self.base_url = base_url if consumer_key is not None and (access_token_key is None or access_token_secret is None): print >> sys.stderr, 'Twitter now requires an oAuth Access Token for API calls.' print >> sys.stderr, 'If your using this library from a command line utility, please' print >> sys.stderr, 'run the the included get_access_token.py tool to generate one.' raise TwitterError('Twitter requires oAuth Access Token for all API access') self.SetCredentials(consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token_key, access_token_secret) def SetCredentials(self, consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token_key=None, access_token_secret=None): '''Set the consumer_key and consumer_secret for this instance Args: consumer_key: The consumer_key of the twitter account. consumer_secret: The consumer_secret for the twitter account. access_token_key: The oAuth access token key value you retrieved from running get_access_token.py. access_token_secret: The oAuth access token's secret, also retrieved from the get_access_token.py run. ''' self._consumer_key = consumer_key self._consumer_secret = consumer_secret self._access_token_key = access_token_key self._access_token_secret = access_token_secret self._oauth_consumer = None if consumer_key is not None and consumer_secret is not None and \ access_token_key is not None and access_token_secret is not None: self._signature_method_plaintext = oauth.SignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT() self._signature_method_hmac_sha1 = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() self._oauth_token = oauth.Token(key=access_token_key, secret=access_token_secret) self._oauth_consumer = oauth.Consumer(key=consumer_key, secret=consumer_secret) def ClearCredentials(self): '''Clear the any credentials for this instance ''' self._consumer_key = None self._consumer_secret = None self._access_token_key = None self._access_token_secret = None self._oauth_consumer = None def GetPublicTimeline(self, since_id=None, include_rts=None, include_entities=None): '''Fetch the sequence of public twitter.Status message for all users. Args: since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] include_rts: If True, the timeline will contain native retweets (if they exist) in addition to the standard stream of tweets. [Optional] include_entities: If True, each tweet will include a node called "entities,". This node offers a variety of metadata about the tweet in a discreet structure, including: user_mentions, urls, and hashtags. [Optional] Returns: An sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each message ''' parameters = {} if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if include_rts: parameters['include_rts'] = 1 if include_entities: parameters['include_entities'] = 1 url = '%s/statuses/public_timeline.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def FilterPublicTimeline(self, term, since_id=None): '''Filter the public twitter timeline by a given search term on the local machine. Args: term: term to search by. since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each message containing the term ''' statuses = self.GetPublicTimeline(since_id) results = [] for s in statuses: if s.text.lower().find(term.lower()) != -1: results.append(s) return results def GetSearch(self, term=None, geocode=None, since_id=None, per_page=15, page=1, lang="en", show_user="true", query_users=False): '''Return twitter search results for a given term. Args: term: term to search by. Optional if you include geocode. since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] geocode: geolocation information in the form (latitude, longitude, radius) [Optional] per_page: number of results to return. Default is 15 [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] lang: language for results. Default is English [Optional] show_user: prefixes screen name in status query_users: If set to False, then all users only have screen_name and profile_image_url available. If set to True, all information of users are available, but it uses lots of request quota, one per status. Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each message containing the term ''' # Build request parameters parameters = {} if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if term is None and geocode is None: return [] if term is not None: parameters['q'] = term if geocode is not None: parameters['geocode'] = ','.join(map(str, geocode)) parameters['show_user'] = show_user parameters['lang'] = lang parameters['rpp'] = per_page parameters['page'] = page # Make and send requests url = 'http://search.twitter.com/search.json' json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) results = [] for x in data['results']: temp = Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) if query_users: # Build user object with new request temp.user = self.GetUser(urllib.quote(x['from_user'])) else: temp.user = User(screen_name=x['from_user'], profile_image_url=x['profile_image_url']) results.append(temp) # Return built list of statuses return results # [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data['results']] def GetTrendsCurrent(self, exclude=None): '''Get the current top trending topics Args: exclude: Appends the exclude parameter as a request parameter. Currently only exclude=hashtags is supported. [Optional] Returns: A list with 10 entries. Each entry contains the twitter. ''' parameters = {} if exclude: parameters['exclude'] = exclude url = '%s/trends/current.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) trends = [] for t in data['trends']: for item in data['trends'][t]: trends.append(Trend.NewFromJsonDict(item, timestamp = t)) return trends def GetTrendsDaily(self, exclude=None, startdate=None): '''Get the current top trending topics for each hour in a given day Args: startdate: The start date for the report. Should be in the format YYYY-MM-DD. [Optional] exclude: Appends the exclude parameter as a request parameter. Currently only exclude=hashtags is supported. [Optional] Returns: A list with 24 entries. Each entry contains the twitter. Trend elements that were trending at the corresponding hour of the day. ''' parameters = {} if exclude: parameters['exclude'] = exclude if not startdate: startdate = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.gmtime()) parameters['date'] = startdate url = '%s/trends/daily.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) trends = [] for i in xrange(24): trends.append(None) for t in data['trends']: idx = int(time.strftime('%H', time.strptime(t, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'))) trends[idx] = [Trend.NewFromJsonDict(x, timestamp = t) for x in data['trends'][t]] return trends def GetTrendsWeekly(self, exclude=None, startdate=None): '''Get the top 30 trending topics for each day in a given week. Args: startdate: The start date for the report. Should be in the format YYYY-MM-DD. [Optional] exclude: Appends the exclude parameter as a request parameter. Currently only exclude=hashtags is supported. [Optional] Returns: A list with each entry contains the twitter. Trend elements of trending topics for the corrsponding day of the week ''' parameters = {} if exclude: parameters['exclude'] = exclude if not startdate: startdate = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.gmtime()) parameters['date'] = startdate url = '%s/trends/weekly.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) trends = [] for i in xrange(7): trends.append(None) # use the epochs of the dates as keys for a dictionary times = dict([(calendar.timegm(time.strptime(t, '%Y-%m-%d')),t) for t in data['trends']]) cnt = 0 # create the resulting structure ordered by the epochs of the dates for e in sorted(times.keys()): trends[cnt] = [Trend.NewFromJsonDict(x, timestamp = times[e]) for x in data['trends'][times[e]]] cnt +=1 return trends def GetFriendsTimeline(self, user=None, count=None, page=None, since_id=None, retweets=None, include_entities=None): '''Fetch the sequence of twitter.Status messages for a user's friends The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated if the user is private. Args: user: Specifies the ID or screen name of the user for whom to return the friends_timeline. If not specified then the authenticated user set in the twitter.Api instance will be used. [Optional] count: Specifies the number of statuses to retrieve. May not be greater than 100. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] retweets: If True, the timeline will contain native retweets. [Optional] include_entities: If True, each tweet will include a node called "entities,". This node offers a variety of metadata about the tweet in a discreet structure, including: user_mentions, urls, and hashtags. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each message ''' if not user and not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("User must be specified if API is not authenticated.") url = '%s/statuses/friends_timeline' % self.base_url if user: url = '%s/%s.json' % (url, user) else: url = '%s.json' % url parameters = {} if count is not None: try: if int(count) > 100: raise TwitterError("'count' may not be greater than 100") except ValueError: raise TwitterError("'count' must be an integer") parameters['count'] = count if page is not None: try: parameters['page'] = int(page) except ValueError: raise TwitterError("'page' must be an integer") if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if retweets: parameters['include_rts'] = True if include_entities: parameters['include_entities'] = True json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def GetUserTimeline(self, id=None, user_id=None, screen_name=None, since_id=None, max_id=None, count=None, page=None, include_rts=None, include_entities=None): '''Fetch the sequence of public Status messages for a single user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated if the user is private. Args: id: Specifies the ID or screen name of the user for whom to return the user_timeline. [Optional] user_id: Specfies the ID of the user for whom to return the user_timeline. Helpful for disambiguating when a valid user ID is also a valid screen name. [Optional] screen_name: Specfies the screen name of the user for whom to return the user_timeline. Helpful for disambiguating when a valid screen name is also a user ID. [Optional] since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] max_id: Returns only statuses with an ID less than (that is, older than) or equal to the specified ID. [Optional] count: Specifies the number of statuses to retrieve. May not be greater than 200. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] include_rts: If True, the timeline will contain native retweets (if they exist) in addition to the standard stream of tweets. [Optional] include_entities: If True, each tweet will include a node called "entities,". This node offers a variety of metadata about the tweet in a discreet structure, including: user_mentions, urls, and hashtags. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of Status instances, one for each message up to count ''' parameters = {} if id: url = '%s/statuses/user_timeline/%s.json' % (self.base_url, id) elif user_id: url = '%s/statuses/user_timeline.json?user_id=%d' % (self.base_url, user_id) elif screen_name: url = ('%s/statuses/user_timeline.json?screen_name=%s' % (self.base_url, screen_name)) elif not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("User must be specified if API is not authenticated.") else: url = '%s/statuses/user_timeline.json' % self.base_url if since_id: try: parameters['since_id'] = long(since_id) except: raise TwitterError("since_id must be an integer") if max_id: try: parameters['max_id'] = long(max_id) except: raise TwitterError("max_id must be an integer") if count: try: parameters['count'] = int(count) except: raise TwitterError("count must be an integer") if page: try: parameters['page'] = int(page) except: raise TwitterError("page must be an integer") if include_rts: parameters['include_rts'] = 1 if include_entities: parameters['include_entities'] = 1 json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def GetStatus(self, id): '''Returns a single status message. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated if the status message is private. Args: id: The numeric ID of the status you are trying to retrieve. Returns: A twitter.Status instance representing that status message ''' try: if id: long(id) except: raise TwitterError("id must be an long integer") url = '%s/statuses/show/%s.json' % (self.base_url, id) json = self._FetchUrl(url) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroyStatus(self, id): '''Destroys the status specified by the required ID parameter. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated and the authenticating user must be the author of the specified status. Args: id: The numerical ID of the status you're trying to destroy. Returns: A twitter.Status instance representing the destroyed status message ''' try: if id: long(id) except: raise TwitterError("id must be an integer") url = '%s/statuses/destroy/%s.json' % (self.base_url, id) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'id': id}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) def PostUpdate(self, status, in_reply_to_status_id=None): '''Post a twitter status message from the authenticated user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: status: The message text to be posted. Must be less than or equal to 140 characters. in_reply_to_status_id: The ID of an existing status that the status to be posted is in reply to. This implicitly sets the in_reply_to_user_id attribute of the resulting status to the user ID of the message being replied to. Invalid/missing status IDs will be ignored. [Optional] Returns: A twitter.Status instance representing the message posted. ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") url = '%s/statuses/update.json' % self.base_url if isinstance(status, unicode) or self._input_encoding is None: u_status = status else: u_status = unicode(status, self._input_encoding) if len(u_status) > CHARACTER_LIMIT: raise TwitterError("Text must be less than or equal to %d characters. " "Consider using PostUpdates." % CHARACTER_LIMIT) data = {'status': status} if in_reply_to_status_id: data['in_reply_to_status_id'] = in_reply_to_status_id json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data=data) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) def PostUpdates(self, status, continuation=None, **kwargs): '''Post one or more twitter status messages from the authenticated user. Unlike api.PostUpdate, this method will post multiple status updates if the message is longer than 140 characters. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: status: The message text to be posted. May be longer than 140 characters. continuation: The character string, if any, to be appended to all but the last message. Note that Twitter strips trailing '...' strings from messages. Consider using the unicode \u2026 character (horizontal ellipsis) instead. [Defaults to None] **kwargs: See api.PostUpdate for a list of accepted parameters. Returns: A of list twitter.Status instance representing the messages posted. ''' results = list() if continuation is None: continuation = '' line_length = CHARACTER_LIMIT - len(continuation) lines = textwrap.wrap(status, line_length) for line in lines[0:-1]: results.append(self.PostUpdate(line + continuation, **kwargs)) results.append(self.PostUpdate(lines[-1], **kwargs)) return results def GetUserRetweets(self, count=None, since_id=None, max_id=None, include_entities=False): '''Fetch the sequence of retweets made by a single user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: count: The number of status messages to retrieve. [Optional] since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] max_id: Returns results with an ID less than (that is, older than) or equal to the specified ID. [Optional] include_entities: If True, each tweet will include a node called "entities,". This node offers a variety of metadata about the tweet in a discreet structure, including: user_mentions, urls, and hashtags. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each message up to count ''' url = '%s/statuses/retweeted_by_me.json' % self.base_url if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") parameters = {} if count is not None: try: if int(count) > 100: raise TwitterError("'count' may not be greater than 100") except ValueError: raise TwitterError("'count' must be an integer") if count: parameters['count'] = count if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if include_entities: parameters['include_entities'] = True if max_id: try: parameters['max_id'] = long(max_id) except: raise TwitterError("max_id must be an integer") json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def GetReplies(self, since=None, since_id=None, page=None): '''Get a sequence of status messages representing the 20 most recent replies (status updates prefixed with @twitterID) to the authenticating user. Args: since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] since: Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each reply to the user. ''' url = '%s/statuses/replies.json' % self.base_url if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") parameters = {} if since: parameters['since'] = since if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if page: parameters['page'] = page json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def GetRetweets(self, statusid): '''Returns up to 100 of the first retweets of the tweet identified by statusid Args: statusid: The ID of the tweet for which retweets should be searched for Returns: A list of twitter.Status instances, which are retweets of statusid ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instsance must be authenticated.") url = '%s/statuses/retweets/%s.json?include_entities=true&include_rts=true' % (self.base_url, statusid) parameters = {} json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(s) for s in data] def GetFriends(self, user=None, cursor=-1): '''Fetch the sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each friend. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The twitter name or id of the user whose friends you are fetching. If not specified, defaults to the authenticated user. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each friend ''' if not user and not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("twitter.Api instance must be authenticated") if user: url = '%s/statuses/friends/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) else: url = '%s/statuses/friends.json' % self.base_url parameters = {} parameters['cursor'] = cursor json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [User.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data['users']] def GetFriendIDs(self, user=None, cursor=-1): '''Returns a list of twitter user id's for every person the specified user is following. Args: user: The id or screen_name of the user to retrieve the id list for [Optional] Returns: A list of integers, one for each user id. ''' if not user and not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("twitter.Api instance must be authenticated") if user: url = '%s/friends/ids/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) else: url = '%s/friends/ids.json' % self.base_url parameters = {} parameters['cursor'] = cursor json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return data def GetFollowerIDs(self, userid=None, cursor=-1): '''Fetch the sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each follower The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Returns: A sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each follower ''' url = 'http://twitter.com/followers/ids.json' parameters = {} parameters['cursor'] = cursor if userid: parameters['user_id'] = userid json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return data def GetFollowers(self, cursor=-1): '''Fetch the sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each follower The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: cursor: Specifies the Twitter API Cursor location to start at. [Optional] Note: there are pagination limits. Returns: A sequence of twitter.User instances, one for each follower ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("twitter.Api instance must be authenticated") url = '%s/statuses/followers.json' % self.base_url result = [] while True: parameters = { 'cursor': cursor } json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) result += [User.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data['users']] if 'next_cursor' in data: if data['next_cursor'] == 0 or data['next_cursor'] == data['previous_cursor']: break else: break return result def GetFeatured(self): '''Fetch the sequence of twitter.User instances featured on twitter.com The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Returns: A sequence of twitter.User instances ''' url = '%s/statuses/featured.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [User.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def UsersLookup(self, user_id=None, screen_name=None, users=None): '''Fetch extended information for the specified users. Users may be specified either as lists of either user_ids, screen_names, or twitter.User objects. The list of users that are queried is the union of all specified parameters. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user_id: A list of user_ids to retrieve extended information. [Optional] screen_name: A list of screen_names to retrieve extended information. [Optional] users: A list of twitter.User objects to retrieve extended information. [Optional] Returns: A list of twitter.User objects for the requested users ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") if not user_id and not screen_name and not users: raise TwitterError("Specify at least on of user_id, screen_name, or users.") url = '%s/users/lookup.json' % self.base_url parameters = {} uids = list() if user_id: uids.extend(user_id) if users: uids.extend([u.id for u in users]) if len(uids): parameters['user_id'] = ','.join(["%s" % u for u in uids]) if screen_name: parameters['screen_name'] = ','.join(screen_name) json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [User.NewFromJsonDict(u) for u in data] def GetUser(self, user): '''Returns a single user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The twitter name or id of the user to retrieve. Returns: A twitter.User instance representing that user ''' url = '%s/users/show/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) json = self._FetchUrl(url) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return User.NewFromJsonDict(data) def GetDirectMessages(self, since=None, since_id=None, page=None): '''Returns a list of the direct messages sent to the authenticating user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: since: Narrows the returned results to just those statuses created after the specified HTTP-formatted date. [Optional] since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.DirectMessage instances ''' url = '%s/direct_messages.json' % self.base_url if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") parameters = {} if since: parameters['since'] = since if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if page: parameters['page'] = page json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [DirectMessage.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def PostDirectMessage(self, user, text): '''Post a twitter direct message from the authenticated user The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The ID or screen name of the recipient user. text: The message text to be posted. Must be less than 140 characters. Returns: A twitter.DirectMessage instance representing the message posted ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") url = '%s/direct_messages/new.json' % self.base_url data = {'text': text, 'user': user} json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data=data) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return DirectMessage.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroyDirectMessage(self, id): '''Destroys the direct message specified in the required ID parameter. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated, and the authenticating user must be the recipient of the specified direct message. Args: id: The id of the direct message to be destroyed Returns: A twitter.DirectMessage instance representing the message destroyed ''' url = '%s/direct_messages/destroy/%s.json' % (self.base_url, id) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'id': id}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return DirectMessage.NewFromJsonDict(data) def CreateFriendship(self, user): '''Befriends the user specified in the user parameter as the authenticating user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: The ID or screen name of the user to befriend. Returns: A twitter.User instance representing the befriended user. ''' url = '%s/friendships/create/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'user': user}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return User.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroyFriendship(self, user): '''Discontinues friendship with the user specified in the user parameter. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: The ID or screen name of the user with whom to discontinue friendship. Returns: A twitter.User instance representing the discontinued friend. ''' url = '%s/friendships/destroy/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'user': user}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return User.NewFromJsonDict(data) def CreateFavorite(self, status): '''Favorites the status specified in the status parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the favorite status when successful. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: The twitter.Status instance to mark as a favorite. Returns: A twitter.Status instance representing the newly-marked favorite. ''' url = '%s/favorites/create/%s.json' % (self.base_url, status.id) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'id': status.id}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroyFavorite(self, status): '''Un-favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-favorited status in the requested format when successful. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: The twitter.Status to unmark as a favorite. Returns: A twitter.Status instance representing the newly-unmarked favorite. ''' url = '%s/favorites/destroy/%s.json' % (self.base_url, status.id) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'id': status.id}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) def GetFavorites(self, user=None, page=None): '''Return a list of Status objects representing favorited tweets. By default, returns the (up to) 20 most recent tweets for the authenticated user. Args: user: The twitter name or id of the user whose favorites you are fetching. If not specified, defaults to the authenticated user. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] ''' parameters = {} if page: parameters['page'] = page if user: url = '%s/favorites/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user) elif not user and not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("User must be specified if API is not authenticated.") else: url = '%s/favorites.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def GetMentions(self, since_id=None, max_id=None, page=None): '''Returns the 20 most recent mentions (status containing @twitterID) for the authenticating user. Args: since_id: Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available. [Optional] max_id: Returns only statuses with an ID less than (that is, older than) the specified ID. [Optional] page: Specifies the page of results to retrieve. Note: there are pagination limits. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.Status instances, one for each mention of the user. ''' url = '%s/statuses/mentions.json' % self.base_url if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated.") parameters = {} if since_id: parameters['since_id'] = since_id if max_id: try: parameters['max_id'] = long(max_id) except: raise TwitterError("max_id must be an integer") if page: parameters['page'] = page json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [Status.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data] def CreateList(self, user, name, mode=None, description=None): '''Creates a new list with the give name The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: Twitter name to create the list for name: New name for the list mode: 'public' or 'private'. Defaults to 'public'. [Optional] description: Description of the list. [Optional] Returns: A twitter.List instance representing the new list ''' url = '%s/%s/lists.json' % (self.base_url, user) parameters = {'name': name} if mode is not None: parameters['mode'] = mode if description is not None: parameters['description'] = description json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return List.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroyList(self, user, id): '''Destroys the list from the given user The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The user to remove the list from. id: The slug or id of the list to remove. Returns: A twitter.List instance representing the removed list. ''' url = '%s/%s/lists/%s.json' % (self.base_url, user, id) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'_method': 'DELETE'}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return List.NewFromJsonDict(data) def CreateSubscription(self, owner, list): '''Creates a subscription to a list by the authenticated user The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: owner: User name or id of the owner of the list being subscribed to. list: The slug or list id to subscribe the user to Returns: A twitter.List instance representing the list subscribed to ''' url = '%s/%s/%s/subscribers.json' % (self.base_url, owner, list) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'list_id': list}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return List.NewFromJsonDict(data) def DestroySubscription(self, owner, list): '''Destroys the subscription to a list for the authenticated user The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: owner: The user id or screen name of the user that owns the list that is to be unsubscribed from list: The slug or list id of the list to unsubscribe from Returns: A twitter.List instance representing the removed list. ''' url = '%s/%s/%s/subscribers.json' % (self.base_url, owner, list) json = self._FetchUrl(url, post_data={'_method': 'DELETE', 'list_id': list}) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return List.NewFromJsonDict(data) def GetSubscriptions(self, user, cursor=-1): '''Fetch the sequence of Lists that the given user is subscribed to The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The twitter name or id of the user cursor: "page" value that Twitter will use to start building the list sequence from. -1 to start at the beginning. Twitter will return in the result the values for next_cursor and previous_cursor. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.List instances, one for each list ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("twitter.Api instance must be authenticated") url = '%s/%s/lists/subscriptions.json' % (self.base_url, user) parameters = {} parameters['cursor'] = cursor json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [List.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data['lists']] def GetLists(self, user, cursor=-1): '''Fetch the sequence of lists for a user. The twitter.Api instance must be authenticated. Args: user: The twitter name or id of the user whose friends you are fetching. If the passed in user is the same as the authenticated user then you will also receive private list data. cursor: "page" value that Twitter will use to start building the list sequence from. -1 to start at the beginning. Twitter will return in the result the values for next_cursor and previous_cursor. [Optional] Returns: A sequence of twitter.List instances, one for each list ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("twitter.Api instance must be authenticated") url = '%s/%s/lists.json' % (self.base_url, user) parameters = {} parameters['cursor'] = cursor json = self._FetchUrl(url, parameters=parameters) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return [List.NewFromJsonDict(x) for x in data['lists']] def GetUserByEmail(self, email): '''Returns a single user by email address. Args: email: The email of the user to retrieve. Returns: A twitter.User instance representing that user ''' url = '%s/users/show.json?email=%s' % (self.base_url, email) json = self._FetchUrl(url) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return User.NewFromJsonDict(data) def VerifyCredentials(self): '''Returns a twitter.User instance if the authenticating user is valid. Returns: A twitter.User instance representing that user if the credentials are valid, None otherwise. ''' if not self._oauth_consumer: raise TwitterError("Api instance must first be given user credentials.") url = '%s/account/verify_credentials.json' % self.base_url try: json = self._FetchUrl(url, no_cache=True) except urllib2.HTTPError, http_error: if http_error.code == httplib.UNAUTHORIZED: return None else: raise http_error data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return User.NewFromJsonDict(data) def SetCache(self, cache): '''Override the default cache. Set to None to prevent caching. Args: cache: An instance that supports the same API as the twitter._FileCache ''' if cache == DEFAULT_CACHE: self._cache = _FileCache() else: self._cache = cache def SetUrllib(self, urllib): '''Override the default urllib implementation. Args: urllib: An instance that supports the same API as the urllib2 module ''' self._urllib = urllib def SetCacheTimeout(self, cache_timeout): '''Override the default cache timeout. Args: cache_timeout: Time, in seconds, that responses should be reused. ''' self._cache_timeout = cache_timeout def SetUserAgent(self, user_agent): '''Override the default user agent Args: user_agent: A string that should be send to the server as the User-agent ''' self._request_headers['User-Agent'] = user_agent def SetXTwitterHeaders(self, client, url, version): '''Set the X-Twitter HTTP headers that will be sent to the server. Args: client: The client name as a string. Will be sent to the server as the 'X-Twitter-Client' header. url: The URL of the meta.xml as a string. Will be sent to the server as the 'X-Twitter-Client-URL' header. version: The client version as a string. Will be sent to the server as the 'X-Twitter-Client-Version' header. ''' self._request_headers['X-Twitter-Client'] = client self._request_headers['X-Twitter-Client-URL'] = url self._request_headers['X-Twitter-Client-Version'] = version def SetSource(self, source): '''Suggest the "from source" value to be displayed on the Twitter web site. The value of the 'source' parameter must be first recognized by the Twitter server. New source values are authorized on a case by case basis by the Twitter development team. Args: source: The source name as a string. Will be sent to the server as the 'source' parameter. ''' self._default_params['source'] = source def GetRateLimitStatus(self): '''Fetch the rate limit status for the currently authorized user. Returns: A dictionary containing the time the limit will reset (reset_time), the number of remaining hits allowed before the reset (remaining_hits), the number of hits allowed in a 60-minute period (hourly_limit), and the time of the reset in seconds since The Epoch (reset_time_in_seconds). ''' url = '%s/account/rate_limit_status.json' % self.base_url json = self._FetchUrl(url, no_cache=True) data = self._ParseAndCheckTwitter(json) return data def MaximumHitFrequency(self): '''Determines the minimum number of seconds that a program must wait before hitting the server again without exceeding the rate_limit imposed for the currently authenticated user. Returns: The minimum second interval that a program must use so as to not exceed the rate_limit imposed for the user. ''' rate_status = self.GetRateLimitStatus() reset_time = rate_status.get('reset_time', None) limit = rate_status.get('remaining_hits', None) if reset_time: # put the reset time into a datetime object reset = datetime.datetime(*rfc822.parsedate(reset_time)[:7]) # find the difference in time between now and the reset time + 1 hour delta = reset + datetime.timedelta(hours=1) - datetime.datetime.utcnow() if not limit: return int(delta.seconds) # determine the minimum number of seconds allowed as a regular interval max_frequency = int(delta.seconds / limit) + 1 # return the number of seconds return max_frequency return 60 def _BuildUrl(self, url, path_elements=None, extra_params=None): # Break url into consituent parts (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment) = urlparse.urlparse(url) # Add any additional path elements to the path if path_elements: # Filter out the path elements that have a value of None p = [i for i in path_elements if i] if not path.endswith('/'): path += '/' path += '/'.join(p) # Add any additional query parameters to the query string if extra_params and len(extra_params) > 0: extra_query = self._EncodeParameters(extra_params) # Add it to the existing query if query: query += '&' + extra_query else: query = extra_query # Return the rebuilt URL return urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)) def _InitializeRequestHeaders(self, request_headers): if request_headers: self._request_headers = request_headers else: self._request_headers = {} def _InitializeUserAgent(self): user_agent = 'Python-urllib/%s (python-twitter/%s)' % \ (self._urllib.__version__, __version__) self.SetUserAgent(user_agent) def _InitializeDefaultParameters(self): self._default_params = {} def _DecompressGzippedResponse(self, response): raw_data = response.read() if response.headers.get('content-encoding', None) == 'gzip': url_data = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(raw_data)).read() else: url_data = raw_data return url_data def _Encode(self, s): if self._input_encoding: return unicode(s, self._input_encoding).encode('utf-8') else: return unicode(s).encode('utf-8') def _EncodeParameters(self, parameters): '''Return a string in key=value&key=value form Values of None are not included in the output string. Args: parameters: A dict of (key, value) tuples, where value is encoded as specified by self._encoding Returns: A URL-encoded string in "key=value&key=value" form ''' if parameters is None: return None else: return urllib.urlencode(dict([(k, self._Encode(v)) for k, v in parameters.items() if v is not None])) def _EncodePostData(self, post_data): '''Return a string in key=value&key=value form Values are assumed to be encoded in the format specified by self._encoding, and are subsequently URL encoded. Args: post_data: A dict of (key, value) tuples, where value is encoded as specified by self._encoding Returns: A URL-encoded string in "key=value&key=value" form ''' if post_data is None: return None else: return urllib.urlencode(dict([(k, self._Encode(v)) for k, v in post_data.items()])) def _ParseAndCheckTwitter(self, json): """Try and parse the JSON returned from Twitter and return an empty dictionary if there is any error. This is a purely defensive check because during some Twitter network outages it will return an HTML failwhale page.""" try: data = simplejson.loads(json) self._CheckForTwitterError(data) except ValueError: if "<title>Twitter / Over capacity</title>" in json: raise TwitterError("Capacity Error") if "<title>Twitter / Error</title>" in json: raise TwitterError("Technical Error") raise TwitterError("json decoding") return data def _CheckForTwitterError(self, data): """Raises a TwitterError if twitter returns an error message. Args: data: A python dict created from the Twitter json response Raises: TwitterError wrapping the twitter error message if one exists. """ # Twitter errors are relatively unlikely, so it is faster # to check first, rather than try and catch the exception if 'error' in data: raise TwitterError(data['error']) def _FetchUrl(self, url, post_data=None, parameters=None, no_cache=None, use_gzip_compression=None): '''Fetch a URL, optionally caching for a specified time. Args: url: The URL to retrieve post_data: A dict of (str, unicode) key/value pairs. If set, POST will be used. parameters: A dict whose key/value pairs should encoded and added to the query string. [Optional] no_cache: If true, overrides the cache on the current request use_gzip_compression: If True, tells the server to gzip-compress the response. It does not apply to POST requests. Defaults to None, which will get the value to use from the instance variable self._use_gzip [Optional] Returns: A string containing the body of the response. ''' # Build the extra parameters dict extra_params = {} if self._default_params: extra_params.update(self._default_params) if parameters: extra_params.update(parameters) if post_data: http_method = "POST" else: http_method = "GET" if self._debugHTTP: _debug = 1 else: _debug = 0 http_handler = self._urllib.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=_debug) https_handler = self._urllib.HTTPSHandler(debuglevel=_debug) opener = self._urllib.OpenerDirector() opener.add_handler(http_handler) opener.add_handler(https_handler) if use_gzip_compression is None: use_gzip = self._use_gzip else: use_gzip = use_gzip_compression # Set up compression if use_gzip and not post_data: opener.addheaders.append(('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')) if self._oauth_consumer is not None: if post_data and http_method == "POST": parameters = post_data.copy() req = oauth.Request.from_consumer_and_token(self._oauth_consumer, token=self._oauth_token, http_method=http_method, http_url=url, parameters=parameters) req.sign_request(self._signature_method_hmac_sha1, self._oauth_consumer, self._oauth_token) headers = req.to_header() if http_method == "POST": encoded_post_data = req.to_postdata() else: encoded_post_data = None url = req.to_url() else: url = self._BuildUrl(url, extra_params=extra_params) encoded_post_data = self._EncodePostData(post_data) # Open and return the URL immediately if we're not going to cache if encoded_post_data or no_cache or not self._cache or not self._cache_timeout: response = opener.open(url, encoded_post_data) url_data = self._DecompressGzippedResponse(response) opener.close() else: # Unique keys are a combination of the url and the oAuth Consumer Key if self._consumer_key: key = self._consumer_key + ':' + url else: key = url # See if it has been cached before last_cached = self._cache.GetCachedTime(key) # If the cached version is outdated then fetch another and store it if not last_cached or time.time() >= last_cached + self._cache_timeout: try: response = opener.open(url, encoded_post_data) url_data = self._DecompressGzippedResponse(response) self._cache.Set(key, url_data) except urllib2.HTTPError, e: print e opener.close() else: url_data = self._cache.Get(key) # Always return the latest version return url_data class _FileCacheError(Exception): '''Base exception class for FileCache related errors''' class _FileCache(object): DEPTH = 3 def __init__(self,root_directory=None): self._InitializeRootDirectory(root_directory) def Get(self,key): path = self._GetPath(key) if os.path.exists(path): return open(path).read() else: return None def Set(self,key,data): path = self._GetPath(key) directory = os.path.dirname(path) if not os.path.exists(directory): os.makedirs(directory) if not os.path.isdir(directory): raise _FileCacheError('%s exists but is not a directory' % directory) temp_fd, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp() temp_fp = os.fdopen(temp_fd, 'w') temp_fp.write(data) temp_fp.close() if not path.startswith(self._root_directory): raise _FileCacheError('%s does not appear to live under %s' % (path, self._root_directory)) if os.path.exists(path): os.remove(path) os.rename(temp_path, path) def Remove(self,key): path = self._GetPath(key) if not path.startswith(self._root_directory): raise _FileCacheError('%s does not appear to live under %s' % (path, self._root_directory )) if os.path.exists(path): os.remove(path) def GetCachedTime(self,key): path = self._GetPath(key) if os.path.exists(path): return os.path.getmtime(path) else: return None def _GetUsername(self): '''Attempt to find the username in a cross-platform fashion.''' try: return os.getenv('USER') or \ os.getenv('LOGNAME') or \ os.getenv('USERNAME') or \ os.getlogin() or \ 'nobody' except (IOError, OSError), e: return 'nobody' def _GetTmpCachePath(self): username = self._GetUsername() cache_directory = 'python.cache_' + username return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), cache_directory) def _InitializeRootDirectory(self, root_directory): if not root_directory: root_directory = self._GetTmpCachePath() root_directory = os.path.abspath(root_directory) if not os.path.exists(root_directory): os.mkdir(root_directory) if not os.path.isdir(root_directory): raise _FileCacheError('%s exists but is not a directory' % root_directory) self._root_directory = root_directory def _GetPath(self,key): try: hashed_key = md5(key).hexdigest() except TypeError: hashed_key = md5.new(key).hexdigest() return os.path.join(self._root_directory, self._GetPrefix(hashed_key), hashed_key) def _GetPrefix(self,hashed_key): return os.path.sep.join(hashed_key[0:_FileCache.DEPTH])
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# # # Copyright 2007 The Python-Twitter Developers # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. '''Unit tests for the twitter.py library''' __author__ = 'python-twitter@googlegroups.com' import os import simplejson import time import calendar import unittest import urllib import twitter class StatusTest(unittest.TestCase): SAMPLE_JSON = '''{"created_at": "Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007", "id": 4391023, "text": "A l\u00e9gp\u00e1rn\u00e1s haj\u00f3m tele van angoln\u00e1kkal.", "user": {"description": "Canvas. JC Penny. Three ninety-eight.", "id": 718443, "location": "Okinawa, Japan", "name": "Kesuke Miyagi", "profile_image_url": "https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/718443/normal/kesuke.png", "screen_name": "kesuke", "url": "https://twitter.com/kesuke"}}''' def _GetSampleUser(self): return twitter.User(id=718443, name='Kesuke Miyagi', screen_name='kesuke', description=u'Canvas. JC Penny. Three ninety-eight.', location='Okinawa, Japan', url='https://twitter.com/kesuke', profile_image_url='https://twitter.com/system/user/pro' 'file_image/718443/normal/kesuke.pn' 'g') def _GetSampleStatus(self): return twitter.Status(created_at='Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007', id=4391023, text=u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.', user=self._GetSampleUser()) def testInit(self): '''Test the twitter.Status constructor''' status = twitter.Status(created_at='Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007', id=4391023, text=u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.', user=self._GetSampleUser()) def testGettersAndSetters(self): '''Test all of the twitter.Status getters and setters''' status = twitter.Status() status.SetId(4391023) self.assertEqual(4391023, status.GetId()) created_at = calendar.timegm((2007, 1, 26, 23, 17, 14, -1, -1, -1)) status.SetCreatedAt('Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007') self.assertEqual('Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007', status.GetCreatedAt()) self.assertEqual(created_at, status.GetCreatedAtInSeconds()) status.SetNow(created_at + 10) self.assertEqual("about 10 seconds ago", status.GetRelativeCreatedAt()) status.SetText(u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.') self.assertEqual(u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.', status.GetText()) status.SetUser(self._GetSampleUser()) self.assertEqual(718443, status.GetUser().id) def testProperties(self): '''Test all of the twitter.Status properties''' status = twitter.Status() status.id = 1 self.assertEqual(1, status.id) created_at = calendar.timegm((2007, 1, 26, 23, 17, 14, -1, -1, -1)) status.created_at = 'Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007' self.assertEqual('Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007', status.created_at) self.assertEqual(created_at, status.created_at_in_seconds) status.now = created_at + 10 self.assertEqual('about 10 seconds ago', status.relative_created_at) status.user = self._GetSampleUser() self.assertEqual(718443, status.user.id) def _ParseDate(self, string): return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(string, '%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y')) def testRelativeCreatedAt(self): '''Test various permutations of Status relative_created_at''' status = twitter.Status(created_at='Fri Jan 01 12:00:00 +0000 2007') status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about a second ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:00:01 2007') self.assertEqual('about a second ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:00:02 2007') self.assertEqual('about 2 seconds ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:00:05 2007') self.assertEqual('about 5 seconds ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:00:50 2007') self.assertEqual('about a minute ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:01:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about a minute ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:01:10 2007') self.assertEqual('about a minute ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:02:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about 2 minutes ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:31:50 2007') self.assertEqual('about 31 minutes ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 12:50:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about an hour ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 13:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about an hour ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 13:10:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about an hour ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 14:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about 2 hours ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 01 19:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about 7 hours ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 02 11:30:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about a day ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Jan 04 12:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about 3 days ago', status.relative_created_at) status.now = self._ParseDate('Feb 04 12:00:00 2007') self.assertEqual('about 34 days ago', status.relative_created_at) def testAsJsonString(self): '''Test the twitter.Status AsJsonString method''' self.assertEqual(StatusTest.SAMPLE_JSON, self._GetSampleStatus().AsJsonString()) def testAsDict(self): '''Test the twitter.Status AsDict method''' status = self._GetSampleStatus() data = status.AsDict() self.assertEqual(4391023, data['id']) self.assertEqual('Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007', data['created_at']) self.assertEqual(u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.', data['text']) self.assertEqual(718443, data['user']['id']) def testEq(self): '''Test the twitter.Status __eq__ method''' status = twitter.Status() status.created_at = 'Fri Jan 26 23:17:14 +0000 2007' status.id = 4391023 status.text = u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.' status.user = self._GetSampleUser() self.assertEqual(status, self._GetSampleStatus()) def testNewFromJsonDict(self): '''Test the twitter.Status NewFromJsonDict method''' data = simplejson.loads(StatusTest.SAMPLE_JSON) status = twitter.Status.NewFromJsonDict(data) self.assertEqual(self._GetSampleStatus(), status) class UserTest(unittest.TestCase): SAMPLE_JSON = '''{"description": "Indeterminate things", "id": 673483, "location": "San Francisco, CA", "name": "DeWitt", "profile_image_url": "https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/673483/normal/me.jpg", "screen_name": "dewitt", "status": {"created_at": "Fri Jan 26 17:28:19 +0000 2007", "id": 4212713, "text": "\\"Select all\\" and archive your Gmail inbox. The page loads so much faster!"}, "url": "http://unto.net/"}''' def _GetSampleStatus(self): return twitter.Status(created_at='Fri Jan 26 17:28:19 +0000 2007', id=4212713, text='"Select all" and archive your Gmail inbox. ' ' The page loads so much faster!') def _GetSampleUser(self): return twitter.User(id=673483, name='DeWitt', screen_name='dewitt', description=u'Indeterminate things', location='San Francisco, CA', url='http://unto.net/', profile_image_url='https://twitter.com/system/user/prof' 'ile_image/673483/normal/me.jpg', status=self._GetSampleStatus()) def testInit(self): '''Test the twitter.User constructor''' user = twitter.User(id=673483, name='DeWitt', screen_name='dewitt', description=u'Indeterminate things', url='https://twitter.com/dewitt', profile_image_url='https://twitter.com/system/user/prof' 'ile_image/673483/normal/me.jpg', status=self._GetSampleStatus()) def testGettersAndSetters(self): '''Test all of the twitter.User getters and setters''' user = twitter.User() user.SetId(673483) self.assertEqual(673483, user.GetId()) user.SetName('DeWitt') self.assertEqual('DeWitt', user.GetName()) user.SetScreenName('dewitt') self.assertEqual('dewitt', user.GetScreenName()) user.SetDescription('Indeterminate things') self.assertEqual('Indeterminate things', user.GetDescription()) user.SetLocation('San Francisco, CA') self.assertEqual('San Francisco, CA', user.GetLocation()) user.SetProfileImageUrl('https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_im' 'age/673483/normal/me.jpg') self.assertEqual('https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/673' '483/normal/me.jpg', user.GetProfileImageUrl()) user.SetStatus(self._GetSampleStatus()) self.assertEqual(4212713, user.GetStatus().id) def testProperties(self): '''Test all of the twitter.User properties''' user = twitter.User() user.id = 673483 self.assertEqual(673483, user.id) user.name = 'DeWitt' self.assertEqual('DeWitt', user.name) user.screen_name = 'dewitt' self.assertEqual('dewitt', user.screen_name) user.description = 'Indeterminate things' self.assertEqual('Indeterminate things', user.description) user.location = 'San Francisco, CA' self.assertEqual('San Francisco, CA', user.location) user.profile_image_url = 'https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_i' \ 'mage/673483/normal/me.jpg' self.assertEqual('https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/6734' '83/normal/me.jpg', user.profile_image_url) self.status = self._GetSampleStatus() self.assertEqual(4212713, self.status.id) def testAsJsonString(self): '''Test the twitter.User AsJsonString method''' self.assertEqual(UserTest.SAMPLE_JSON, self._GetSampleUser().AsJsonString()) def testAsDict(self): '''Test the twitter.User AsDict method''' user = self._GetSampleUser() data = user.AsDict() self.assertEqual(673483, data['id']) self.assertEqual('DeWitt', data['name']) self.assertEqual('dewitt', data['screen_name']) self.assertEqual('Indeterminate things', data['description']) self.assertEqual('San Francisco, CA', data['location']) self.assertEqual('https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/6734' '83/normal/me.jpg', data['profile_image_url']) self.assertEqual('http://unto.net/', data['url']) self.assertEqual(4212713, data['status']['id']) def testEq(self): '''Test the twitter.User __eq__ method''' user = twitter.User() user.id = 673483 user.name = 'DeWitt' user.screen_name = 'dewitt' user.description = 'Indeterminate things' user.location = 'San Francisco, CA' user.profile_image_url = 'https://twitter.com/system/user/profile_image/67' \ '3483/normal/me.jpg' user.url = 'http://unto.net/' user.status = self._GetSampleStatus() self.assertEqual(user, self._GetSampleUser()) def testNewFromJsonDict(self): '''Test the twitter.User NewFromJsonDict method''' data = simplejson.loads(UserTest.SAMPLE_JSON) user = twitter.User.NewFromJsonDict(data) self.assertEqual(self._GetSampleUser(), user) class FileCacheTest(unittest.TestCase): def testInit(self): """Test the twitter._FileCache constructor""" cache = twitter._FileCache() self.assert_(cache is not None, 'cache is None') def testSet(self): """Test the twitter._FileCache.Set method""" cache = twitter._FileCache() cache.Set("foo",'Hello World!') cache.Remove("foo") def testRemove(self): """Test the twitter._FileCache.Remove method""" cache = twitter._FileCache() cache.Set("foo",'Hello World!') cache.Remove("foo") data = cache.Get("foo") self.assertEqual(data, None, 'data is not None') def testGet(self): """Test the twitter._FileCache.Get method""" cache = twitter._FileCache() cache.Set("foo",'Hello World!') data = cache.Get("foo") self.assertEqual('Hello World!', data) cache.Remove("foo") def testGetCachedTime(self): """Test the twitter._FileCache.GetCachedTime method""" now = time.time() cache = twitter._FileCache() cache.Set("foo",'Hello World!') cached_time = cache.GetCachedTime("foo") delta = cached_time - now self.assert_(delta <= 1, 'Cached time differs from clock time by more than 1 second.') cache.Remove("foo") class ApiTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self._urllib = MockUrllib() api = twitter.Api(consumer_key='CONSUMER_KEY', consumer_secret='CONSUMER_SECRET', access_token_key='OAUTH_TOKEN', access_token_secret='OAUTH_SECRET', cache=None) api.SetUrllib(self._urllib) self._api = api def testTwitterError(self): '''Test that twitter responses containing an error message are wrapped.''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/public_timeline.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'public_timeline_error.json')) # Manually try/catch so we can check the exception's value try: statuses = self._api.GetPublicTimeline() except twitter.TwitterError, error: # If the error message matches, the test passes self.assertEqual('test error', error.message) else: self.fail('TwitterError expected') def testGetPublicTimeline(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetPublicTimeline method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/public_timeline.json?since_id=12345', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'public_timeline.json')) statuses = self._api.GetPublicTimeline(since_id=12345) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(20, len(statuses)) self.assertEqual(89497702, statuses[0].id) def testGetUserTimeline(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetUserTimeline method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/user_timeline/kesuke.json?count=1', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'user_timeline-kesuke.json')) statuses = self._api.GetUserTimeline('kesuke', count=1) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(89512102, statuses[0].id) self.assertEqual(718443, statuses[0].user.id) def testGetFriendsTimeline(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetFriendsTimeline method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/friends_timeline/kesuke.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'friends_timeline-kesuke.json')) statuses = self._api.GetFriendsTimeline('kesuke') # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(20, len(statuses)) self.assertEqual(718443, statuses[0].user.id) def testGetStatus(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetStatus method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/show/89512102.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'show-89512102.json')) status = self._api.GetStatus(89512102) self.assertEqual(89512102, status.id) self.assertEqual(718443, status.user.id) def testDestroyStatus(self): '''Test the twitter.Api DestroyStatus method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/destroy/103208352.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'status-destroy.json')) status = self._api.DestroyStatus(103208352) self.assertEqual(103208352, status.id) def testPostUpdate(self): '''Test the twitter.Api PostUpdate method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/update.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'update.json')) status = self._api.PostUpdate(u'Моё судно на воздушной подушке полно угрей'.encode('utf8')) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(u'Моё судно на воздушной подушке полно угрей', status.text) def testGetReplies(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetReplies method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/replies.json?page=1', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'replies.json')) statuses = self._api.GetReplies(page=1) self.assertEqual(36657062, statuses[0].id) def testGetFriends(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetFriends method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/friends.json?cursor=123', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'friends.json')) users = self._api.GetFriends(cursor=123) buzz = [u.status for u in users if u.screen_name == 'buzz'] self.assertEqual(89543882, buzz[0].id) def testGetFollowers(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetFollowers method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/followers.json?page=1', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'followers.json')) users = self._api.GetFollowers(page=1) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing alexkingorg = [u.status for u in users if u.screen_name == 'alexkingorg'] self.assertEqual(89554432, alexkingorg[0].id) def testGetFeatured(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetFeatured method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/featured.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'featured.json')) users = self._api.GetFeatured() # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing stevenwright = [u.status for u in users if u.screen_name == 'stevenwright'] self.assertEqual(86991742, stevenwright[0].id) def testGetDirectMessages(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetDirectMessages method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/direct_messages.json?page=1', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'direct_messages.json')) statuses = self._api.GetDirectMessages(page=1) self.assertEqual(u'A légpárnás hajóm tele van angolnákkal.', statuses[0].text) def testPostDirectMessage(self): '''Test the twitter.Api PostDirectMessage method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/direct_messages/new.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'direct_messages-new.json')) status = self._api.PostDirectMessage('test', u'Моё судно на воздушной подушке полно угрей'.encode('utf8')) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(u'Моё судно на воздушной подушке полно угрей', status.text) def testDestroyDirectMessage(self): '''Test the twitter.Api DestroyDirectMessage method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/direct_messages/destroy/3496342.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'direct_message-destroy.json')) status = self._api.DestroyDirectMessage(3496342) # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(673483, status.sender_id) def testCreateFriendship(self): '''Test the twitter.Api CreateFriendship method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/friendships/create/dewitt.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'friendship-create.json')) user = self._api.CreateFriendship('dewitt') # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(673483, user.id) def testDestroyFriendship(self): '''Test the twitter.Api DestroyFriendship method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/friendships/destroy/dewitt.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'friendship-destroy.json')) user = self._api.DestroyFriendship('dewitt') # This is rather arbitrary, but spot checking is better than nothing self.assertEqual(673483, user.id) def testGetUser(self): '''Test the twitter.Api GetUser method''' self._AddHandler('https://api.twitter.com/1/users/show/dewitt.json', curry(self._OpenTestData, 'show-dewitt.json')) user = self._api.GetUser('dewitt') self.assertEqual('dewitt', user.screen_name) self.assertEqual(89586072, user.status.id) def _AddHandler(self, url, callback): self._urllib.AddHandler(url, callback) def _GetTestDataPath(self, filename): directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) test_data_dir = os.path.join(directory, 'testdata') return os.path.join(test_data_dir, filename) def _OpenTestData(self, filename): f = open(self._GetTestDataPath(filename)) # make sure that the returned object contains an .info() method: # headers are set to {} return urllib.addinfo(f, {}) class MockUrllib(object): '''A mock replacement for urllib that hardcodes specific responses.''' def __init__(self): self._handlers = {} self.HTTPBasicAuthHandler = MockHTTPBasicAuthHandler def AddHandler(self, url, callback): self._handlers[url] = callback def build_opener(self, *handlers): return MockOpener(self._handlers) def HTTPHandler(self, *args, **kwargs): return None def HTTPSHandler(self, *args, **kwargs): return None def OpenerDirector(self): return self.build_opener() class MockOpener(object): '''A mock opener for urllib''' def __init__(self, handlers): self._handlers = handlers self._opened = False def open(self, url, data=None): if self._opened: raise Exception('MockOpener already opened.') # Remove parameters from URL - they're only added by oauth and we # don't want to test oauth if '?' in url: # We split using & and filter on the beginning of each key # This is crude but we have to keep the ordering for now (url, qs) = url.split('?') tokens = [token for token in qs.split('&') if not token.startswith('oauth')] if len(tokens) > 0: url = "%s?%s"%(url, '&'.join(tokens)) if url in self._handlers: self._opened = True return self._handlers[url]() else: raise Exception('Unexpected URL %s (Checked: %s)' % (url, self._handlers)) def add_handler(self, *args, **kwargs): pass def close(self): if not self._opened: raise Exception('MockOpener closed before it was opened.') self._opened = False class MockHTTPBasicAuthHandler(object): '''A mock replacement for HTTPBasicAuthHandler''' def add_password(self, realm, uri, user, passwd): # TODO(dewitt): Add verification that the proper args are passed pass class curry: # http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52549 def __init__(self, fun, *args, **kwargs): self.fun = fun self.pending = args[:] self.kwargs = kwargs.copy() def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): if kwargs and self.kwargs: kw = self.kwargs.copy() kw.update(kwargs) else: kw = kwargs or self.kwargs return self.fun(*(self.pending + args), **kw) def suite(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTests(unittest.makeSuite(FileCacheTest)) suite.addTests(unittest.makeSuite(StatusTest)) suite.addTests(unittest.makeSuite(UserTest)) suite.addTests(unittest.makeSuite(ApiTest)) return suite if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python from Tkinter import * from datetime import * import os import time import sys import pyglet import smbus class Wecker(): ringOn = datetime.now() + timedelta(0, 60) def __init__(self): self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] def increaseValue(self): print "\a" self.ringOn = self.ringOn + timedelta(0, 60) self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] labelString.set(self.timeString) print self.timeString def decreaseValue(self): print "\a" self.ringOn = self.ringOn - timedelta(0, 60) self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] labelString.set(self.timeString) print self.timeString def waitToTime(self): now = datetime.now() while now < self.ringOn: print now.__str__() now = datetime.now() time.sleep(1) os._exit(0) def initTimeListener(self): global master master.destroy() pid = os.fork() if pid == 0: #child self.waitToTime() else: #parent os.waitpid(pid, 0) self.playSound() def playSound(self): print "play sound" pid2 = os.fork() if pid2 == 0: #child self.waitForStandUp() os._exit(0) else: #parent music = pyglet.resource.media('Amsel.wav') player = music.play() player.eos_action = player.EOS_LOOP os.waitpid(pid2, 0) def waitForStandUp(self): I2C_ADDRESS = 0x20 #@Todo Change to right address bus = smbus.SMBus(1) #Set all ports in input mode bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDRESS,0xFF) #Read all the unput lines value=bus.read_byte(I2C_ADDRESS) while(value > (value-30)): value=bus.read_byte(I2C_ADDRESS) wecker = Wecker() master = Tk() labelString = StringVar() labelString.set(wecker.timeString) upBtn = Button(master, text="UP", command=wecker.increaseValue) upBtn.grid(row=0) label = Label(master, textvariable=labelString) label.grid(row=1) downBtn = Button(master, text="Down", command=wecker.decreaseValue) downBtn.grid(row=2) startBtn = Button(master, text="Start", command=wecker.initTimeListener) startBtn.grid(row=3) master.mainloop()
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python from Tkinter import * from datetime import * import os import time import sys import pyglet import smbus class Wecker(): ringOn = datetime.now() + timedelta(0, 60) def __init__(self): self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] def increaseValue(self): print "\a" self.ringOn = self.ringOn + timedelta(0, 60) self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] labelString.set(self.timeString) print self.timeString def decreaseValue(self): print "\a" self.ringOn = self.ringOn - timedelta(0, 60) self.timeString = self.ringOn.time().__str__()[0:5] labelString.set(self.timeString) print self.timeString def waitToTime(self): now = datetime.now() while now < self.ringOn: print now.__str__() now = datetime.now() time.sleep(1) os._exit(0) def initTimeListener(self): global master master.destroy() pid = os.fork() if pid == 0: #child self.waitToTime() else: #parent os.waitpid(pid, 0) self.playSound() def playSound(self): print "play sound" pid2 = os.fork() if pid2 == 0: #child self.waitForStandUp() os._exit(0) else: #parent music = pyglet.resource.media('Amsel.wav') player = music.play() player.eos_action = player.EOS_LOOP os.waitpid(pid2, 0) def waitForStandUp(self): I2C_ADDRESS = 0x20 #@Todo Change to right address bus = smbus.SMBus(1) #Set all ports in input mode bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDRESS,0xFF) #Read all the unput lines value=bus.read_byte(I2C_ADDRESS) while(value > (value-30)): value=bus.read_byte(I2C_ADDRESS) wecker = Wecker() master = Tk() labelString = StringVar() labelString.set(wecker.timeString) upBtn = Button(master, text="UP", command=wecker.increaseValue) upBtn.grid(row=0) label = Label(master, textvariable=labelString) label.grid(row=1) downBtn = Button(master, text="Down", command=wecker.decreaseValue) downBtn.grid(row=2) startBtn = Button(master, text="Start", command=wecker.initTimeListener) startBtn.grid(row=3) master.mainloop()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Franz Platzer # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import os class ServerInfo: def getInfos(self): """returns hostname and temperature in celsius of the computer as a tuple""" p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/bus/platform/devices/coretemp.0/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon2/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon1/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1/temp' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone3/temp' if os.path.isfile(p): try: temp = int(open(p, "r").read()) #get temp temp /= 1000 #because value is in minicelsius hostname = str(open("/etc/hostname", "r").read()).rstrip('\n') #get hostname return (hostname,temp) except ValueError: raise Exception("Temperature file is corrupt "+p) else: raise Exception("Couldn't find temp files") if __name__ == "__main__": si = ServerInfo() hostname,temp = si.getInfos() unit = " °C" print("Hostname: "+hostname+"\tTemperature: "+str(temp)+unit)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Georg Schlagholz # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import ServerInfo import http.server import ssl import socketserver import socket import sys #This class will handle any incoming request from #the browser # openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -out cert.csr -nodes # cat privkey.pem cert.csr >> localhost.pem class MyHandler(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler): #Handler for the GET requests def do_GET(self): self.send_response(200) self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8') #UTF-8 for degree sign self.end_headers() # Send the response hostname, temp = ServerInfo.ServerInfo().getInfos() response = "Hostname: " + hostname + "\tTemperature: " + str(temp) + " °C\n" self.wfile.write(bytes(response, 'UTF-8')) return try: ipaddr = [(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 80)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1] #get ipaddr port = 4443 server_address = (ipaddr, port) httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(server_address, MyHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, server_side=True, certfile='localhost.pem', ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1) print("Starting server: https://"+ipaddr+":"+str(port),file=sys.stderr) httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: httpd.socket.close() print(' received, shutting down the web server',file=sys.stderr)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Michael Mayer # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import os, sys, signal import urllib.request def call_server(server): """ server: a URL to the server IP:Port returns one entry: a tuple: hostname (string) and temperature in celsius (string) xXX.X_°C """ response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://' + server).read().decode('utf8') #get response from server response = response.split('\t') #split by tab response[0] = response[0].replace("Hostname: ", "") # remove unuseful info response[1] = response[1].replace("Temperature: ", "") response[1] = response[1].strip() #delete newline return response def call_servers(): """ Iterates over each item in servers array and gets the server info""" #get serverlist servers = ["192.168.0.13:4443"] children = [] for server in servers: r, w = os.pipe() # these are file descriptors wpid = os.fork()# If an error occurs OSError is raised. if wpid == 0: """wpid is 0 means We are in Child_process""" signal.alarm(2) os.close(r) #close the read pipe w = os.fdopen(w, 'w') # turn w into a file object entry = call_server(server) #call server to get server infos entry = str(entry) #convert to a str to be able to write it to pipe w.write(entry) #write to pipe w.close() #close pipe file descriptor os._exit(0) #exit child process elif wpid > 0: children.append((wpid,r)) os.close(w) # use os.close() to close a file descriptor for child in children: pid, status = os.waitpid(child[0],0) #maybe save server IP too to say that it failed to connect to this one if status == 0:#not necessary if waitpid(PID,0) should be changed for error handling r = child[1] r = os.fdopen(r) # turn r into a file object txt = r.read() # read the input from child print(txt) os._exit(0) else: os._exit(1) #on error if __name__ == "__main__": call_servers()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Georg Schlagholz # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import ServerInfo import http.server import ssl import socketserver import socket import sys #This class will handle any incoming request from #the browser # openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -out cert.csr -nodes # cat privkey.pem cert.csr >> localhost.pem class MyHandler(http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler): #Handler for the GET requests def do_GET(self): self.send_response(200) self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8') #UTF-8 for degree sign self.end_headers() # Send the response hostname, temp = ServerInfo.ServerInfo().getInfos() response = "Hostname: " + hostname + "\tTemperature: " + str(temp) + " °C\n" self.wfile.write(bytes(response, 'UTF-8')) return try: ipaddr = [(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 80)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1] #get ipaddr port = 4443 server_address = (ipaddr, port) httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(server_address, MyHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, server_side=True, certfile='localhost.pem', ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1) print("Starting server: https://"+ipaddr+":"+str(port),file=sys.stderr) httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: httpd.socket.close() print(' received, shutting down the web server',file=sys.stderr)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Franz Platzer # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import os class ServerInfo: def getInfos(self): """returns hostname and temperature in celsius of the computer as a tuple""" p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/bus/platform/devices/coretemp.0/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon2/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon1/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone1/temp' if not os.path.isfile(p): p = '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone3/temp' if os.path.isfile(p): try: temp = int(open(p, "r").read()) #get temp temp /= 1000 #because value is in minicelsius hostname = str(open("/etc/hostname", "r").read()).rstrip('\n') #get hostname return (hostname,temp) except ValueError: raise Exception("Temperature file is corrupt "+p) else: raise Exception("Couldn't find temp files") if __name__ == "__main__": si = ServerInfo() hostname,temp = si.getInfos() unit = " °C" print("Hostname: "+hostname+"\tTemperature: "+str(temp)+unit)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3 # coding=UTF-8 # Author: Michael Mayer # Teammembers:Georg Schlagholz, Franz Platzer, Michael Mayer import os, sys, signal import urllib.request def call_server(server): """ server: a URL to the server IP:Port returns one entry: a tuple: hostname (string) and temperature in celsius (string) xXX.X_°C """ response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://' + server).read().decode('utf8') #get response from server response = response.split('\t') #split by tab response[0] = response[0].replace("Hostname: ", "") # remove unuseful info response[1] = response[1].replace("Temperature: ", "") response[1] = response[1].strip() #delete newline return response def call_servers(): """ Iterates over each item in servers array and gets the server info""" #get serverlist servers = ["192.168.0.13:4443"] children = [] for server in servers: r, w = os.pipe() # these are file descriptors wpid = os.fork()# If an error occurs OSError is raised. if wpid == 0: """wpid is 0 means We are in Child_process""" signal.alarm(2) os.close(r) #close the read pipe w = os.fdopen(w, 'w') # turn w into a file object entry = call_server(server) #call server to get server infos entry = str(entry) #convert to a str to be able to write it to pipe w.write(entry) #write to pipe w.close() #close pipe file descriptor os._exit(0) #exit child process elif wpid > 0: children.append((wpid,r)) os.close(w) # use os.close() to close a file descriptor for child in children: pid, status = os.waitpid(child[0],0) #maybe save server IP too to say that it failed to connect to this one if status == 0:#not necessary if waitpid(PID,0) should be changed for error handling r = child[1] r = os.fdopen(r) # turn r into a file object txt = r.read() # read the input from child print(txt) os._exit(0) else: os._exit(1) #on error if __name__ == "__main__": call_servers()
Python
import math class Visualizer: def renderLine(self, v1, v2): pass def renderSphere(self, pos, r): pass def invertSphere(self, v): return (v / (4.0 / 3.0 * math.pi)) ** (1.0/3.0) def renderWorld(self, world): for body in world.bodies: for spring in body.springs: self.renderLine(spring.fromPoint.pos,spring.toPoint.pos) for pm in body.pointMasses: self.renderSphere(pm.pos,self.invertSphere(pm.mass))
Python
from vec3 import Vec3 from pointMass import PointMass from spring import Spring from solidMass import SolidMass class Sheet(SolidMass): def __init__(self, mass = 1, stiffness = 1, rows = 3, cols = 3, pos = Vec3(), width = 10, height = 10): SolidMass.__init__(self) points = [] dx = width / float(rows) dz = height / float(cols) for i in range(rows): points.append([]) for j in range(cols): points[-1].append(PointMass(Vec3(pos.x + dx * i - width/2, pos.y, pos.z + dz * j - height/2))) self.pointMasses.extend(points[-1]) for i in range(rows): for j in range(cols): if j < cols-1: self.springs.append(Spring(points[i][j],points[i][j+1])) if i < rows - 1: self.springs.append(Spring(points[i][j],points[i+1][j])) if j < cols-1: self.springs.append(Spring(points[i][j],points[i+1][j+1])) self.springs.append(Spring(points[i+1][j],points[i][j+1])) for spring in self.springs: spring.stiffness = stiffness for pm in self.pointMasses: pm.mass = mass / float(len(self.pointMasses))
Python
import math class Quat: def __init__(self, w = 1, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0): self.w = w self.x = x self.y = y self.z = z def __repr__(self): axis, angle = self.toAxisAngle() return "<Quat %.3f %s>" % (angle, axis) @staticmethod def fromAxisAngle(axis, angle): axis = axis.norm() sina = math.sin(angle/2.0) cosa = math.cos(angle/2.0) return Quat(cosa, axis.x * sina, axis.y * sina, axis.z * sina) def toAxisAngle(self): q = self.norm() cosa = q.w angle = math.acos(cosa) * 2 sina = math.sqrt(1.0 - cosa * cosa) if abs(sina) < 0.0001: sina = 1 axis = Vec3(q.x / sina, q.y / sina, q.z / sina) return axis, angle def __mul__(self, q): if isinstance(q,Quat): return Quat(self.w * q.w - self.x * q.x - self.y * q.y - self.z * q.z, self.w * q.x + self.x * q.w + self.y * q.z - self.z * q.y, self.w * q.y + self.y * q.w + self.z * q.x - self.x * q.z, self.w * q.z + self.z * q.w + self.x * q.y - self.y * q.x) elif isinstance(q,Vec3): result = self * Quat(0,q.x,q.y,q.z) * self.inverse() return Vec3(result.x,result.y,result.z) else: return Quat(self.w * q, self.x * q, self.y * q, self.z * q) def __div__(self, q): return Quat(self.w / q, self.x / q, self.y / q, self.z / q) def conjugate(self): return Quat(self.w,-self.x,-self.y,-self.z) def magnitude(self): return math.sqrt(self.w * self.w + self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z) def norm(self): return self / self.magnitude() def inverse(self): return self.norm().conjugate() from vec3 import Vec3 if __name__ == "__main__": x = Vec3(1,0,0) v = Vec3(0,10,5) q = x.rotationTo(v) print x, v.norm(), q, q * x
Python
from pointMass import PointMass from vec3 import Vec3 class Spring: def __init__(self, fromPoint, toPoint, length = None, stiffness = 1, friction = 0.25): self.fromPoint = fromPoint self.toPoint = toPoint self.length = length or (fromPoint.pos - toPoint.pos).length() self.stiffness = stiffness self.friction = friction self.broken = False def tick(self, dt): diff = self.toPoint.pos - self.fromPoint.pos if abs(diff.length() - self.length) / self.length > 1: self.broken = True springForce = diff.norm() * ((diff.length() - self.length) * self.stiffness) self.fromPoint.applyForce(springForce) self.toPoint.applyForce(-springForce) fromRelativeVel = self.fromPoint.vel - self.toPoint.vel fromProjectedVel = (-diff).project(fromRelativeVel) fromFrictionForce = fromProjectedVel * -self.friction self.fromPoint.applyForce(fromFrictionForce) toRelativeVel = self.toPoint.vel - self.fromPoint.vel toProjectedVel = diff.project(toRelativeVel) toFrictionForce = toProjectedVel * -self.friction self.toPoint.applyForce(toFrictionForce) if __name__ == "__main__": fromPoint = PointMass() toPoint = PointMass(pos = Vec3(2,0,0)) spring = Spring(fromPoint,toPoint, length = 1) import time step = 0 dt = 0.01 while True: step += dt spring.tick(dt) fromPoint.tick(dt) toPoint.tick(dt) print fromPoint.pos, toPoint.pos, step time.sleep(dt)
Python
from solidMass import SolidMass from pointMass import PointMass from spring import Spring from vec3 import Vec3 import math class Sphere(SolidMass): def __init__(self, r = 1, pos = Vec3(), mass = 1, stiffness = 1, slices = 5, stacks = 5): SolidMass.__init__(self) stacks -= 2 stackPoints = [] for i in range(stacks): th = float(i+1) / float(stacks+1) * math.pi stackPoints.append([]) for j in range(slices): ph = float(j) / float(slices) * math.pi * 2 x = r * math.sin(th) * math.cos(ph) y = r * math.cos(th) z = r * math.sin(th) * math.sin(ph) stackPoints[-1].append(PointMass(Vec3(x,y,z)+pos,mass)) self.pointMasses.extend(stackPoints[-1]) center = PointMass(pos,mass) top = PointMass(pos + Vec3(0,r,0),mass) bottom = PointMass(pos + Vec3(0,-r,0),mass) self.pointMasses.extend([center,top,bottom]) for i in range(stacks): for j in range(slices): nextj = (j+1) % slices self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[i][j],stackPoints[i][nextj])) self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[i][j],center)) if i < stacks - 1: self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[i][j],stackPoints[i+1][j])) self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[i][j],stackPoints[i+1][nextj])) self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[i+1][j],stackPoints[i][nextj])) for i in range(slices): self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[-1][i],bottom)) self.springs.append(Spring(stackPoints[0][i],top)) self.springs.append(Spring(center,top)) self.springs.append(Spring(bottom,center)) for spring in self.springs: spring.stiffness = stiffness for pm in self.pointMasses: pm.mass = mass / float(len(self.pointMasses)) def updateCollision(self): self.collisionCenter = self.getCenter() self.collisionRadius = self.getBoundingRadius() def testCollision(self, pm): return (pm.pos - self.collisionCenter).length() < self.collisionRadius def reactCollision(self, pm): pm.pos = self.collisionCenter + (pm.pos - self.collisionCenter).norm() * (self.collisionRadius + 0.1)
Python
import pygame from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GLUT import * from visualizer import Visualizer from world import World from vec3 import Vec3 from sphere import Sphere from sheet import Sheet from rigidJoint import RigidJoint import time import math import random class GLVisualizer(Visualizer): def renderLine(self, v1, v2): glColor3f(0,0,1) glBegin(GL_LINES) glVertex3f(v1.x,v1.y,v1.z) glVertex3f(v2.x,v2.y,v2.z) glEnd() def renderSphere(self, pos, r): glColor3f(0,1,0) glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(pos.x,pos.y,pos.z) glutSolidSphere(r,10,10) glPopMatrix() class App: def __init__(self): self.pushForce = 100 self.initGraphics() self.initPhysics() def initPhysics(self): self.world = World() self.world.visualizers.append(GLVisualizer()) self.world.gravity = Vec3(0,-10,0) stiffness = 30 for i in range(1): self.world.bodies.append(Sphere(r = 10, pos = Vec3((i % 2) * 5, 20 + 25 * i, 0), stiffness = stiffness, stacks = 5, slices = 5, mass = 1)) ## if i > 0: ## self.world.bodies.append(RigidJoint(self.world.bodies[-1], ## self.world.bodies[-2], ## stiffness = stiffness)) ## self.world.bodies.append(Sheet(mass = 10, ## width = 50, ## height = 50, ## rows = 10, ## cols = 10, ## pos = Vec3(0,150,0), ## stiffness = stiffness)) #s1 = Sphere(r = 10, pos = Vec3(0,20,0), stiffness = stiffness) #s2 = Sphere(r = 10, pos = Vec3(-30,20,30), stiffness = stiffness) #s3 = Sphere(r = 10, pos = Vec3(30,20,30), stiffness = stiffness) #j = RigidJoint(s2,s3, stiffness = 50) #self.world.bodies.extend([s1,s2,s3,j]) #j2 = RigidJoint(s1,s2,stiffness = 1) #j3 = RigidJoint(s1,s3,stiffness = 1) #self.world.bodies.extend([j2,j3]) self.pushing = False def initGraphics(self): self.cameraYaw = 0 self.cameraYawSpeed = 0 self.cameraHeight = 50 self.cameraHeightSpeed = 0 self.cameraDist = 100 self.cameraDistSpeed = 0 pygame.init() glutInit(()) flags = pygame.OPENGL | pygame.DOUBLEBUF | pygame.HWSURFACE self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480),flags) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) glLineWidth(2) glClearColor(1,1,1,1) def pumpInput(self): for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: self.shutdown = True elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_UP: self.cameraHeightSpeed = 10 elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: self.cameraHeightSpeed = -10 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: self.cameraYawSpeed = 3 elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: self.cameraYawSpeed = -3 elif event.key == pygame.K_PAGEUP: self.cameraDistSpeed = -10 elif event.key == pygame.K_PAGEDOWN: self.cameraDistSpeed = 10 elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: self.pushing = not self.pushing elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: if event.key in (pygame.K_UP, pygame.K_DOWN): self.cameraHeightSpeed = 0 elif event.key in (pygame.K_LEFT, pygame.K_RIGHT): self.cameraYawSpeed = 0 elif event.key in (pygame.K_PAGEUP, pygame.K_PAGEDOWN): self.cameraDistSpeed = 0 def tick(self, dt): self.world.tick(dt) self.cameraYaw += self.cameraYawSpeed * dt self.cameraHeight += self.cameraHeightSpeed * dt self.cameraDist += self.cameraDistSpeed * dt if self.pushing: topPoint = None for point in self.world.bodies[0].pointMasses: if not topPoint or point.pos.y > topPoint.pos.y: topPoint = point if topPoint: f = (self.getCamPos() * Vec3(1,0,1) - topPoint.pos).norm() * self.pushForce topPoint.applyForce(f) def getCamPos(self): camx = self.cameraDist * math.cos(self.cameraYaw) camz = self.cameraDist * math.sin(self.cameraYaw) return Vec3(camx,self.cameraHeight,camz) def render(self): glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() gluPerspective(45.0,800.0/600.0,1,1000) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) glLoadIdentity() cam = self.getCamPos() gluLookAt(cam.x,cam.y,cam.z,0,0,0,0,1,0) self.world.render() glFlush() pygame.display.flip() def run(self): oneTickTime = 0.01 lastTime = startTime = time.time() frameCount = 0 self.shutdown = False minFrameTime = 0.02 while not self.shutdown: thisTime = time.time() if thisTime - lastTime >= minFrameTime: lastTime += minFrameTime dtime = minFrameTime self.pumpInput() self.tick(dtime) self.render() frameCount += 1 totalTime = time.time() - startTime print "%d frames in %f secs = %f fps" % (frameCount, totalTime, float(frameCount) / totalTime) pygame.quit() if __name__ == "__main__": App().run()
Python
from vec3 import Vec3 class PointMass: def __init__(self, pos = Vec3(), mass = 1): self.lastPos = self.pos = pos self.vel = Vec3() self.force = Vec3() self.mass = mass def applyForce(self, f): self.force += f def tick(self, dt): acc = self.force / self.mass - self.vel self.vel += acc * dt self.lastPos = self.pos self.pos += self.vel * dt self.force = Vec3()
Python
import math class Matrix: """4x4 row major matrix""" def __init__(self): self.v = [[0 for i in range(4)] for j in range(4)] self.v[0][0] = self.v[1][1] = self.v[2][2] = self.v[3][3] = 1 def __repr__(self): return "<Matrix %s>" % str(self.v) def __mul__(self, m): if isinstance(m,Matrix): result = Matrix() for i in range(4): for j in range(4): for k in range(4): result.v[i][j] += self.v[i][k] * m.v[k][j] return result elif isinstance(m,Vec3): return Vec3(self.v[0][0] * m.x + self.v[0][1] * m.y + self.v[0][2] * m.z + self.v[0][3], self.v[1][0] * m.x + self.v[1][1] * m.y + self.v[1][2] * m.z + self.v[1][3], self.v[2][0] * m.x + self.v[2][1] * m.y + self.v[2][2] * m.z + self.v[2][3]) else: raise RuntimeError @staticmethod def makeTranslation(v): m = Matrix() m.v[0][3] = v.x m.v[1][3] = v.y m.v[2][3] = v.z return m @staticmethod def makeScale(v): m = Matrix() m.v[0][0] = v.x m.v[1][1] = v.y m.v[2][2] = v.z return m @staticmethod def makeXRotation(angle): m = Matrix() m.v[1][1] = math.cos(angle) m.v[1][2] = -math.sin(angle) m.v[2][1] = math.sin(angle) m.v[2][2] = math.cos(angle) return m @staticmethod def makeYRotation(angle): m = Matrix() m.v[0][0] = math.cos(angle) m.v[0][2] = math.sin(angle) m.v[2][0] = -math.sin(angle) m.v[2][2] = math.cos(angle) return m @staticmethod def makeZRotation(angle): m = Matrix() m.v[0][0] = math.cos(angle) m.v[0][1] = -math.sin(angle) m.v[1][0] = math.sin(angle) m.v[1][1] = math.cos(angle) return m @staticmethod def makeRotation(q): q = q.inverse() #WHAT xx = q.x * q.x xy = q.x * q.y xz = q.x * q.z xw = q.x * q.w yy = q.y * q.y yz = q.y * q.z yw = q.y * q.w zz = q.z * q.z zw = q.z * q.w m = Matrix() m.v[0][0] = 1 - 2 * (yy + zz) m.v[0][1] = 2 * (xy + zw) m.v[0][2] = 2 * (xz - yw) m.v[1][0] = 2 * (xy - zw) m.v[1][1] = 1 - 2 * (xx + zz) m.v[1][2] = 2 * (yz + xw) m.v[2][0] = 2 * (xz + yw) m.v[2][1] = 2 * (yz - xw) m.v[2][2] = 1 - 2 * (xx + yy) return m Matrix.I = Matrix() from quat import Quat from vec3 import Vec3 if __name__ == "__main__": a = -math.pi/4 x1 = Matrix.makeRotation(Quat.fromAxisAngle(Vec3.UNIT_X,a)) x2 = Matrix.makeXRotation(a) print x1 print x2 print y1 = Matrix.makeRotation(Quat.fromAxisAngle(Vec3.UNIT_Y,a)) y2 = Matrix.makeYRotation(a) print y1 print y2 print z1 = Matrix.makeRotation(Quat.fromAxisAngle(Vec3.UNIT_Z,a)) z2 = Matrix.makeZRotation(a) print z1 print z2 print m1 = x1 * y1 * z1 m2 = x2 * y2 * z2 print m1 print m2
Python
from solidMass import SolidMass class Joint(SolidMass): def __init__(self, fromMass, toMass): SolidMass.__init__(self) self.fromMass = fromMass self.toMass = toMass
Python
from joint import Joint from vec3 import Vec3 from quat import Quat from matrix import Matrix from spring import Spring from pointMass import PointMass import math class RigidJoint(Joint): def __init__(self, fromMass, toMass, slices = 4, stiffness = 1): Joint.__init__(self, fromMass, toMass) fromRadius = fromMass.getBoundingRadius() fromCenter = fromMass.getCenter() toRadius = toMass.getBoundingRadius() toCenter = toMass.getCenter() diff = toCenter - fromCenter diffPerp = diff.makePerp() diffRot = Vec3.UNIT_X.rotationTo(diff.norm()) edgeRot = Quat.fromAxisAngle(diffPerp,math.pi/5) fromPoints = [] for i in range(slices): th = float(i) / float(slices) * math.pi * 2 spinRot = Quat.fromAxisAngle(diff.norm(),th) spinPos = fromCenter + spinRot * edgeRot * diffRot * Vec3.UNIT_X * fromRadius fromPoints.append(spinPos) diff = fromCenter - toCenter diffPerp = diff.makePerp() diffRot = Vec3.UNIT_X.rotationTo(diff.norm()) edgeRot = Quat.fromAxisAngle(diffPerp,math.pi/5) toPoints = [] for i in range(slices): th = float(i) / float(slices) * math.pi * 2 spinRot = Quat.fromAxisAngle(diff.norm(),-th) spinPos = toCenter + spinRot * edgeRot * diffRot * Vec3.UNIT_X * toRadius toPoints.append(spinPos) fromPms = [fromMass.closestPointMassTo(p) for p in fromPoints] toPms = [toMass.closestPointMassTo(p) for p in toPoints] #for i in range(slices): #pm = PointMass(fromPoints[i]) #self.pointMasses.append(pm) #self.springs.append(Spring(fromMass.closestPointMassTo(pm.pos),pm)) for i in range(slices): next = (i + 1) % slices #self.springs.append(Spring(fromPms[i],fromPms[next],stiffness = stiffness)) #self.springs.append(Spring(toPms[i],toPms[next],stiffness = stiffness)) self.springs.append(Spring(fromPms[i],toPms[i],stiffness = stiffness)) self.springs.append(Spring(fromPms[i],toPms[next],stiffness = stiffness)) self.springs.append(Spring(toPms[i],fromPms[next],stiffness = stiffness))
Python
import math class Vec3: def __init__(self, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0): self.x = x self.y = y self.z = z def __repr__(self): return "<Vec3 %.3f %.3f %.3f>" % (self.x,self.y,self.z) def __add__(self, v): assert isinstance(v,Vec3) return Vec3(self.x + v.x, self.y + v.y, self.z + v.z) def __sub__(self, v): assert isinstance(v,Vec3) return Vec3(self.x - v.x, self.y - v.y, self.z - v.z) def __mul__(self, v): if isinstance(v,Vec3): return Vec3(self.x * v.x,self.y * v.y,self.z * v.z) else: return Vec3(self.x * v, self.y * v, self.z * v) def __div__(self, v): if isinstance(v,Vec3): return Vec3(self.x / v.x,self.y / v.y,self.z / v.z) else: return Vec3(self.x / v, self.y / v, self.z / v) def __neg__(self): return Vec3(-self.x,-self.y,-self.z) def length(self): return math.sqrt(self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z) def norm(self): return self / self.length() def dot(self, v): return self.x * v.x + self.y * v.y + self.z * v.z def project(self, v): l = self.length() return self * (self.dot(v) / (l * l)) def cross(self, v): return Vec3(self.y * v.z - self.z * v.y, self.z * v.x - self.x * v.z, self.x * v.y - self.y * v.x) def rotationTo(self, v): d = self.dot(v) if d > 0.99: return Quat() elif d < -0.99: return Quat.fromAxisAngle(self.makePerp(),math.pi) else: return Quat.fromAxisAngle(self.cross(v).norm(), math.acos(self.norm().dot(v.norm()))) def makePerp(self): if self.dot(Vec3.UNIT_Y) < 0.8: return self.cross(Vec3.UNIT_Y) else: return self.cross(Vec3.UNIT_Z) Vec3.UNIT_X = Vec3(1,0,0) Vec3.UNIT_Y = Vec3(0,1,0) Vec3.UNIT_Z = Vec3(0,0,1) Vec3.ZERO = Vec3(0,0,0) from quat import Quat
Python
from vec3 import Vec3 class World: def __init__(self): self.bodies = [] self.visualizers = [] self.gravity = Vec3(0,-1,0) self.groundHeight = 0 self.groundFriction = 1 def tick(self, dt): for body in self.bodies: for pm in body.pointMasses: pm.applyForce(self.gravity * pm.mass) body.tick(dt) body.updateCollision() for body in self.bodies: for pm in body.pointMasses: if pm.pos.y < self.groundHeight: pm.pos.y = self.groundHeight pm.vel.y *= -0.5 pm.applyForce(pm.vel * Vec3(1,0,1) * -self.groundFriction) for targetBody in filter(lambda b: b != body, self.bodies): if targetBody.testCollision(pm): targetPm = targetBody.closestPointMassTo(pm.pos) targetPm.vel, pm.vel = pm.vel, targetPm.vel targetPm.vel *= 0.5 pm.vel *= 0.5 targetBody.reactCollision(pm) body.updateCollision() targetBody.updateCollision() def render(self): for visualizer in self.visualizers: visualizer.renderWorld(self)
Python
from vec3 import Vec3 from pointMass import PointMass from spring import Spring class SolidMass: def __init__(self): self.clear() def clear(self): self.pointMasses = [] self.springs = [] def getBoundingRadius(self): assert self.pointMasses center = self.getCenter() return max([(pm.pos - center).length() for pm in self.pointMasses]) def getBoundingBox(self): minx = min([pm.pos.x for pm in self.pointMasses]) maxx = max([pm.pos.x for pm in self.pointMasses]) miny = min([pm.pos.y for pm in self.pointMasses]) maxy = max([pm.pos.y for pm in self.pointMasses]) minz = min([pm.pos.z for pm in self.pointMasses]) maxz = max([pm.pos.z for pm in self.pointMasses]) return Vec3(minx,miny,minz), Vec3(maxx,maxy,maxz) def getCenter(self): assert self.pointMasses return sum([pm.pos for pm in self.pointMasses],Vec3()) / float(len(self.pointMasses)) def tick(self, dt): for spring in self.springs: if spring.broken: self.springs.remove(spring) else: spring.tick(dt) for pm in self.pointMasses: pm.tick(dt) def build(self, posMassList, indexLengthList, stiffness): self.clear() for pos, mass in posMassList: pointMass = PointMass(pos = pos, mass = mass) self.pointMasses.append(pointMass) for i1, i2, length in indexLengthList: spring = Spring(self.pointMasses[i1], self.pointMasses[i2], length = length, stiffness = stiffness) self.springs.append(spring) def closestPointMassTo(self, pos): minPm = None minDist = None for pm in self.pointMasses: d = (pm.pos - pos).length() if not minPm or d < minDist: minPm = pm minDist = d return minPm def updateCollision(self): pass def testCollision(self, pm): return False def reactCollision(self, pm): pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/python # # Copyright (C) 2012 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. __author__ = 'afshar@google.com (Ali Afshar)' # Add the library location to the path import sys sys.path.insert(0, 'lib') import os import httplib2 import sessions from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from apiclient.discovery import build from apiclient.http import MediaUpload from oauth2client.client import flow_from_clientsecrets from oauth2client.client import FlowExchangeError from oauth2client.client import AccessTokenRefreshError from oauth2client.appengine import CredentialsProperty from oauth2client.appengine import StorageByKeyName from oauth2client.appengine import simplejson as json ALL_SCOPES = ('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file ' 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email ' 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile') def SibPath(name): """Generate a path that is a sibling of this file. Args: name: Name of sibling file. Returns: Path to sibling file. """ return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), name) # Load the secret that is used for client side sessions # Create one of these for yourself with, for example: # python -c "import os; print os.urandom(64)" > session-secret SESSION_SECRET = open(SibPath('session.secret')).read() class Credentials(db.Model): """Datastore entity for storing OAuth2.0 credentials. The CredentialsProperty is provided by the Google API Python Client, and is used by the Storage classes to store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the data store.""" credentials = CredentialsProperty() def CreateService(service, version, creds): """Create a Google API service. Load an API service from a discovery document and authorize it with the provided credentials. Args: service: Service name (e.g 'drive', 'oauth2'). version: Service version (e.g 'v1'). creds: Credentials used to authorize service. Returns: Authorized Google API service. """ # Instantiate an Http instance http = httplib2.Http() # Authorize the Http instance with the passed credentials creds.authorize(http) # Build a service from the passed discovery document path return build(service, version, http=http) class DriveState(object): """Store state provided by Drive.""" def __init__(self, state): """Create a new instance of drive state. Parse and load the JSON state parameter. Args: state: State query parameter as a string. """ if state: state_data = json.loads(state) self.action = state_data['action'] self.ids = map(str, state_data.get('ids', [])) else: self.action = 'create' self.ids = [] @classmethod def FromRequest(cls, request): """Create a Drive State instance from an HTTP request. Args: cls: Type this class method is called against. request: HTTP request. """ return DriveState(request.get('state')) class BaseDriveHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): """Base request handler for drive applications. Adds Authorization support for Drive. """ def CreateOAuthFlow(self): """Create OAuth2.0 flow controller This controller can be used to perform all parts of the OAuth 2.0 dance including exchanging an Authorization code. Args: request: HTTP request to create OAuth2.0 flow for Returns: OAuth2.0 Flow instance suitable for performing OAuth2.0. """ flow = flow_from_clientsecrets('client_secrets.json', scope='') # Dynamically set the redirect_uri based on the request URL. This is extremely # convenient for debugging to an alternative host without manually setting the # redirect URI. flow.redirect_uri = self.request.url.split('?', 1)[0].rsplit('/', 1)[0] return flow def GetCodeCredentials(self): """Create OAuth 2.0 credentials by extracting a code and performing OAuth2.0. The authorization code is extracted form the URI parameters. If it is absent, None is returned immediately. Otherwise, if it is present, it is used to perform step 2 of the OAuth 2.0 web server flow. Once a token is received, the user information is fetched from the userinfo service and stored in the session. The token is saved in the datastore against the user ID received from the userinfo service. Args: request: HTTP request used for extracting an authorization code and the session information. Returns: OAuth2.0 credentials suitable for authorizing clients or None if Authorization could not take place. """ # Other frameworks use different API to get a query parameter. code = self.request.get('code') if not code: # returns None to indicate that no code was passed from Google Drive. return None # Auth flow is a controller that is loaded with the client information, # including client_id, client_secret, redirect_uri etc oauth_flow = self.CreateOAuthFlow() # Perform the exchange of the code. If there is a failure with exchanging # the code, return None. try: creds = oauth_flow.step2_exchange(code) except FlowExchangeError: return None # Create an API service that can use the userinfo API. Authorize it with our # credentials that we gained from the code exchange. users_service = CreateService('oauth2', 'v2', creds) # Make a call against the userinfo service to retrieve the user's information. # In this case we are interested in the user's "id" field. userid = users_service.userinfo().get().execute().get('id') # Store the user id in the user's cookie-based session. session = sessions.LilCookies(self, SESSION_SECRET) session.set_secure_cookie(name='userid', value=userid) # Store the credentials in the data store using the userid as the key. StorageByKeyName(Credentials, userid, 'credentials').put(creds) return creds def GetSessionCredentials(self): """Get OAuth 2.0 credentials for an HTTP session. If the user has a user id stored in their cookie session, extract that value and use it to load that user's credentials from the data store. Args: request: HTTP request to use session from. Returns: OAuth2.0 credentials suitable for authorizing clients. """ # Try to load the user id from the session session = sessions.LilCookies(self, SESSION_SECRET) userid = session.get_secure_cookie(name='userid') if not userid: # return None to indicate that no credentials could be loaded from the # session. return None # Load the credentials from the data store, using the userid as a key. creds = StorageByKeyName(Credentials, userid, 'credentials').get() # if the credentials are invalid, return None to indicate that the credentials # cannot be used. if creds and creds.invalid: return None return creds def RedirectAuth(self): """Redirect a handler to an authorization page. Used when a handler fails to fetch credentials suitable for making Drive API requests. The request is redirected to an OAuth 2.0 authorization approval page and on approval, are returned to application. Args: handler: webapp.RequestHandler to redirect. """ flow = self.CreateOAuthFlow() # Manually add the required scopes. Since this redirect does not originate # from the Google Drive UI, which authomatically sets the scopes that are # listed in the API Console. flow.scope = ALL_SCOPES # Create the redirect URI by performing step 1 of the OAuth 2.0 web server # flow. uri = flow.step1_get_authorize_url(flow.redirect_uri) # Perform the redirect. self.redirect(uri) class MainPage(BaseDriveHandler): """Web handler for the main page. Handles requests and returns the user interface for Open With and Create cases. Responsible for parsing the state provided from the Drive UI and acting appropriately. """ def get(self): """Handle GET for Create New and Open With. This creates an authorized client, and checks whether a resource id has been passed or not. If a resource ID has been passed, this is the Open With use-case, otherwise it is the Create New use-case. """ # Fetch the credentials by extracting an OAuth 2.0 authorization code from # the request URL. If the code is not present, redirect to the OAuth 2.0 # authorization URL. creds = self.GetCodeCredentials() if not creds: return self.RedirectAuth() # Extract the numerical portion of the client_id from the stored value in # the OAuth flow. You could also store this value as a separate variable # somewhere. client_id = self.CreateOAuthFlow().client_id.split('.')[0].split('-')[0] # Generate a state instance for the request, this includes the action, and # the file id(s) that have been sent from the Drive user interface. drive_state = DriveState.FromRequest(self.request) if drive_state.action == 'open': file_ids = [str(i) for i in drive_state.ids] else: file_ids = [''] self.RenderTemplate(file_ids=file_ids, client_id=client_id) def RenderTemplate(self, **context): """Render a named template in a context. Args: name: Template name. context: Keyword arguments to render as template variables. """ self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/html' self.response.out.write(template.render('index.html', context)) class ServiceHandler(BaseDriveHandler): """Web handler for the service to read and write to Drive.""" def post(self): """Called when HTTP POST requests are received by the web application. The POST body is JSON which is deserialized and used as values to create a new file in Drive. The authorization access token for this action is retreived from the data store. """ # Create a Drive service service = self.CreateDrive() if service is None: return # Load the data that has been posted as JSON data = self.RequestJSON() # Create a new file data structure. resource = { 'title': data['title'], 'description': data['description'], 'mimeType': data['mimeType'], } try: # Make an insert request to create a new file. A MediaInMemoryUpload # instance is used to upload the file body. resource = service.files().insert( body=resource, media_body=MediaInMemoryUpload(data.get('content', ''), data['mimeType']), ).execute() # Respond with the new file id as JSON. self.RespondJSON(resource['id']) except AccessTokenRefreshError: # In cases where the access token has expired and cannot be refreshed # (e.g. manual token revoking) redirect the user to the authorization page # to authorize. self.RedirectAuth() def get(self): """Called when HTTP GET requests are received by the web application. Use the query parameter file_id to fetch the required file's metadata then content and return it as a JSON object. Since DrEdit deals with text files, it is safe to dump the content directly into JSON, but this is not the case with binary files, where something like Base64 encoding is more appropriate. """ # Create a Drive service service = self.CreateDrive() if service is None: return try: # Requests are expected to pass the file_id query parameter. file_id = self.request.get('file_id') if file_id: # Fetch the file metadata by making the service.files().get method of # the Drive API. f = service.files().get(id=file_id).execute() downloadUrl = f.get('downloadUrl') # If a download URL is provided in the file metadata, use it to make an # authorized request to fetch the file ontent. Set this content in the # data to return as the 'content' field. If there is no downloadUrl, # just set empty content. if downloadUrl: resp, f['content'] = service._http.request(downloadUrl) else: f['content'] = '' else: f = None # Generate a JSON response with the file data and return to the client. self.RespondJSON(f) except AccessTokenRefreshError: # Catch AccessTokenRefreshError which occurs when the API client library # fails to refresh a token. This occurs, for example, when a refresh token # is revoked. When this happens the user is redirected to the # Authorization URL. self.RedirectAuth() def put(self): """Called when HTTP PUT requests are received by the web application. The PUT body is JSON which is deserialized and used as values to update a file in Drive. The authorization access token for this action is retreived from the data store. """ # Create a Drive service service = self.CreateDrive() if service is None: return # Load the data that has been posted as JSON data = self.RequestJSON() try: # Create a new file data structure. resource = { 'title': data['title'] or 'Untitled Document', 'description': data['description'], 'mimeType': data['mimeType'], } # Make an update request to update the file. A MediaInMemoryUpload # instance is used to upload the file body. Because of a limitation, this # request must be made in two parts, the first to update the metadata, and # the second to update the body. resource = service.files().update( id=data['resource_id'], newRevision=False, body=resource, media_body=None, ).execute() resource = service.files().update( id=data['resource_id'], newRevision=True, body=None, media_body=MediaInMemoryUpload(data.get('content', ''), data['mimeType']), ).execute() # Respond with the updated file id as JSON. self.RespondJSON(resource['id']) except AccessTokenRefreshError: # In cases where the access token has expired and cannot be refreshed # (e.g. manual token revoking) redirect the user to the authorization page # to authorize. self.RedirectAuth() def CreateDrive(self): """Create a drive client instance. The service can only ever retrieve the credentials from the session. """ # For the service, the session holds the credentials creds = self.GetSessionCredentials() if creds: # If the session contains credentials, use them to create a Drive service # instance. return CreateService('drive', 'v1', creds) else: # If no credentials could be loaded from the session, redirect the user to # the authorization page. self.RedirectAuth() def RedirectAuth(self): """Redirect a handler to an authorization page. Used when a handler fails to fetch credentials suitable for making Drive API requests. The request is redirected to an OAuth 2.0 authorization approval page and on approval, are returned to application. Args: handler: webapp.RequestHandler to redirect. """ flow = self.CreateOAuthFlow() # Manually add the required scopes. Since this redirect does not originate # from the Google Drive UI, which authomatically sets the scopes that are # listed in the API Console. flow.scope = ALL_SCOPES # Create the redirect URI by performing step 1 of the OAuth 2.0 web server # flow. uri = flow.step1_get_authorize_url(flow.redirect_uri) # Perform the redirect. self.RespondJSON({'redirect': uri}) def RespondJSON(self, data): """Generate a JSON response and return it to the client. Args: data: The data that will be converted to JSON to return. """ self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json' self.response.out.write(json.dumps(data)) def RequestJSON(self): """Load the request body as JSON. Returns: Request body loaded as JSON or None if there is no request body. """ if self.request.body: return json.loads(self.request.body) class MediaInMemoryUpload(MediaUpload): """MediaUpload for a chunk of bytes. Construct a MediaFileUpload and pass as the media_body parameter of the method. For example, if we had a service that allowed plain text: """ def __init__(self, body, mimetype='application/octet-stream', chunksize=256*1024, resumable=False): """Create a new MediaBytesUpload. Args: body: string, Bytes of body content. mimetype: string, Mime-type of the file or default of 'application/octet-stream'. chunksize: int, File will be uploaded in chunks of this many bytes. Only used if resumable=True. resumable: bool, True if this is a resumable upload. False means upload in a single request. """ self._body = body self._mimetype = mimetype self._resumable = resumable self._chunksize = chunksize def chunksize(self): """Chunk size for resumable uploads. Returns: Chunk size in bytes. """ return self._chunksize def mimetype(self): """Mime type of the body. Returns: Mime type. """ return self._mimetype def size(self): """Size of upload. Returns: Size of the body. """ return len(self._body) def resumable(self): """Whether this upload is resumable. Returns: True if resumable upload or False. """ return self._resumable def getbytes(self, begin, length): """Get bytes from the media. Args: begin: int, offset from beginning of file. length: int, number of bytes to read, starting at begin. Returns: A string of bytes read. May be shorter than length if EOF was reached first. """ return self._body[begin:begin + length] # Create an WSGI application suitable for running on App Engine application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [('/', MainPage), ('/svc', ServiceHandler)], # XXX Set to False in production. debug=True ) def main(): """Main entry point for executing a request with this handler.""" run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python # # Copyright (C) 2012 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. __author__ = 'afshar@google.com (Ali Afshar)' import os import httplib2 import sessions from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from apiclient.discovery import build_from_document from apiclient.http import MediaUpload from oauth2client import client from oauth2client.appengine import CredentialsProperty from oauth2client.appengine import StorageByKeyName from oauth2client.appengine import simplejson as json APIS_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com' ALL_SCOPES = ('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file ' 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email ' 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile') CODE_PARAMETER = 'code' STATE_PARAMETER = 'state' SESSION_SECRET = open('session.secret').read() DRIVE_DISCOVERY_DOC = open('drive.json').read() USERS_DISCOVERY_DOC = open('users.json').read() class Credentials(db.Model): """Datastore entity for storing OAuth2.0 credentials.""" credentials = CredentialsProperty() def CreateOAuthFlow(request): """Create OAuth2.0 flow controller Args: request: HTTP request to create OAuth2.0 flow for Returns: OAuth2.0 Flow instance suitable for performing OAuth2.0. """ flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets('client-debug.json', scope='') flow.redirect_uri = request.url.split('?', 1)[0].rstrip('/') return flow def GetCodeCredentials(request): """Create OAuth2.0 credentials by extracting a code and performing OAuth2.0. Args: request: HTTP request used for extracting an authorization code. Returns: OAuth2.0 credentials suitable for authorizing clients. """ code = request.get(CODE_PARAMETER) if code: oauth_flow = CreateOAuthFlow(request) creds = oauth_flow.step2_exchange(code) users_service = CreateService(USERS_DISCOVERY_DOC, creds) userid = users_service.userinfo().get().execute().get('id') request.session.set_secure_cookie(name='userid', value=userid) StorageByKeyName(Credentials, userid, 'credentials').put(creds) return creds def GetSessionCredentials(request): """Get OAuth2.0 credentials for an HTTP session. Args: request: HTTP request to use session from. Returns: OAuth2.0 credentials suitable for authorizing clients. """ userid = request.session.get_secure_cookie(name='userid') if userid: creds = StorageByKeyName(Credentials, userid, 'credentials').get() if creds and not creds.invalid: return creds def CreateService(discovery_doc, creds): """Create a Google API service. Args: discovery_doc: Discovery doc used to configure service. creds: Credentials used to authorize service. Returns: Authorized Google API service. """ http = httplib2.Http() creds.authorize(http) return build_from_document(discovery_doc, APIS_BASE, http=http) def RedirectAuth(handler): """Redirect a handler to an authorization page. Args: handler: webapp.RequestHandler to redirect. """ flow = CreateOAuthFlow(handler.request) flow.scope = ALL_SCOPES uri = flow.step1_get_authorize_url(flow.redirect_uri) handler.redirect(uri) def CreateDrive(handler): """Create a fully authorized drive service for this handler. Args: handler: RequestHandler from which drive service is generated. Returns: Authorized drive service, generated from the handler request. """ request = handler.request request.session = sessions.LilCookies(handler, SESSION_SECRET) creds = GetCodeCredentials(request) or GetSessionCredentials(request) if creds: return CreateService(DRIVE_DISCOVERY_DOC, creds) else: RedirectAuth(handler) def ServiceEnabled(view): """Decorator to inject an authorized service into an HTTP handler. Args: view: HTTP request handler method. Returns: Decorated handler which accepts the service as a parameter. """ def ServiceDecoratedView(handler, view=view): service = CreateDrive(handler) response_data = view(handler, service) handler.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/html' handler.response.out.write(response_data) return ServiceDecoratedView def ServiceEnabledJson(view): """Decorator to inject an authorized service into a JSON HTTP handler. Args: view: HTTP request handler method. Returns: Decorated handler which accepts the service as a parameter. """ def ServiceDecoratedView(handler, view=view): service = CreateDrive(handler) if handler.request.body: data = json.loads(handler.request.body) else: data = None response_data = json.dumps(view(handler, service, data)) handler.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json' handler.response.out.write(response_data) return ServiceDecoratedView class DriveState(object): """Store state provided by Drive.""" def __init__(self, state): self.ParseState(state) @classmethod def FromRequest(cls, request): """Create a Drive State instance from an HTTP request. Args: cls: Type this class method is called against. request: HTTP request. """ return DriveState(request.get(STATE_PARAMETER)) def ParseState(self, state): """Parse a state parameter and set internal values. Args: state: State parameter to parse. """ if state.startswith('{'): self.ParseJsonState(state) else: self.ParsePlainState(state) def ParseJsonState(self, state): """Parse a state parameter that is JSON. Args: state: State parameter to parse """ state_data = json.loads(state) self.action = state_data['action'] self.ids = map(str, state_data.get('ids', [])) def ParsePlainState(self, state): """Parse a state parameter that is a plain resource id or missing. Args: state: State parameter to parse """ if state: self.action = 'open' self.ids = [state] else: self.action = 'create' self.ids = [] class MediaInMemoryUpload(MediaUpload): """MediaUpload for a chunk of bytes. Construct a MediaFileUpload and pass as the media_body parameter of the method. For example, if we had a service that allowed plain text: """ def __init__(self, body, mimetype='application/octet-stream', chunksize=256*1024, resumable=False): """Create a new MediaBytesUpload. Args: body: string, Bytes of body content. mimetype: string, Mime-type of the file or default of 'application/octet-stream'. chunksize: int, File will be uploaded in chunks of this many bytes. Only used if resumable=True. resumable: bool, True if this is a resumable upload. False means upload in a single request. """ self._body = body self._mimetype = mimetype self._resumable = resumable self._chunksize = chunksize def chunksize(self): """Chunk size for resumable uploads. Returns: Chunk size in bytes. """ return self._chunksize def mimetype(self): """Mime type of the body. Returns: Mime type. """ return self._mimetype def size(self): """Size of upload. Returns: Size of the body. """ return len(self._body) def resumable(self): """Whether this upload is resumable. Returns: True if resumable upload or False. """ return self._resumable def getbytes(self, begin, length): """Get bytes from the media. Args: begin: int, offset from beginning of file. length: int, number of bytes to read, starting at begin. Returns: A string of bytes read. May be shorter than length if EOF was reached first. """ return self._body[begin:begin + length] def RenderTemplate(name, **context): """Render a named template in a context. Args: name: Template name. context: Keyword arguments to render as template variables. """ return template.render(name, context)
Python
""" The MIT License Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Leah Culver, Joe Stump, Mark Paschal, Vic Fryzel Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ import base64 import urllib import time import random import urlparse import hmac import binascii import httplib2 try: from urlparse import parse_qs parse_qs # placate pyflakes except ImportError: # fall back for Python 2.5 from cgi import parse_qs try: from hashlib import sha1 sha = sha1 except ImportError: # hashlib was added in Python 2.5 import sha import _version __version__ = _version.__version__ OAUTH_VERSION = '1.0' # Hi Blaine! HTTP_METHOD = 'GET' SIGNATURE_METHOD = 'PLAINTEXT' class Error(RuntimeError): """Generic exception class.""" def __init__(self, message='OAuth error occurred.'): self._message = message @property def message(self): """A hack to get around the deprecation errors in 2.6.""" return self._message def __str__(self): return self._message class MissingSignature(Error): pass def build_authenticate_header(realm=''): """Optional WWW-Authenticate header (401 error)""" return {'WWW-Authenticate': 'OAuth realm="%s"' % realm} def build_xoauth_string(url, consumer, token=None): """Build an XOAUTH string for use in SMTP/IMPA authentication.""" request = Request.from_consumer_and_token(consumer, token, "GET", url) signing_method = SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() request.sign_request(signing_method, consumer, token) params = [] for k, v in sorted(request.iteritems()): if v is not None: params.append('%s="%s"' % (k, escape(v))) return "%s %s %s" % ("GET", url, ','.join(params)) def to_unicode(s): """ Convert to unicode, raise exception with instructive error message if s is not unicode, ascii, or utf-8. """ if not isinstance(s, unicode): if not isinstance(s, str): raise TypeError('You are required to pass either unicode or string here, not: %r (%s)' % (type(s), s)) try: s = s.decode('utf-8') except UnicodeDecodeError, le: raise TypeError('You are required to pass either a unicode object or a utf-8 string here. You passed a Python string object which contained non-utf-8: %r. The UnicodeDecodeError that resulted from attempting to interpret it as utf-8 was: %s' % (s, le,)) return s def to_utf8(s): return to_unicode(s).encode('utf-8') def to_unicode_if_string(s): if isinstance(s, basestring): return to_unicode(s) else: return s def to_utf8_if_string(s): if isinstance(s, basestring): return to_utf8(s) else: return s def to_unicode_optional_iterator(x): """ Raise TypeError if x is a str containing non-utf8 bytes or if x is an iterable which contains such a str. """ if isinstance(x, basestring): return to_unicode(x) try: l = list(x) except TypeError, e: assert 'is not iterable' in str(e) return x else: return [ to_unicode(e) for e in l ] def to_utf8_optional_iterator(x): """ Raise TypeError if x is a str or if x is an iterable which contains a str. """ if isinstance(x, basestring): return to_utf8(x) try: l = list(x) except TypeError, e: assert 'is not iterable' in str(e) return x else: return [ to_utf8_if_string(e) for e in l ] def escape(s): """Escape a URL including any /.""" return urllib.quote(s.encode('utf-8'), safe='~') def generate_timestamp(): """Get seconds since epoch (UTC).""" return int(time.time()) def generate_nonce(length=8): """Generate pseudorandom number.""" return ''.join([str(random.randint(0, 9)) for i in range(length)]) def generate_verifier(length=8): """Generate pseudorandom number.""" return ''.join([str(random.randint(0, 9)) for i in range(length)]) class Consumer(object): """A consumer of OAuth-protected services. The OAuth consumer is a "third-party" service that wants to access protected resources from an OAuth service provider on behalf of an end user. It's kind of the OAuth client. Usually a consumer must be registered with the service provider by the developer of the consumer software. As part of that process, the service provider gives the consumer a *key* and a *secret* with which the consumer software can identify itself to the service. The consumer will include its key in each request to identify itself, but will use its secret only when signing requests, to prove that the request is from that particular registered consumer. Once registered, the consumer can then use its consumer credentials to ask the service provider for a request token, kicking off the OAuth authorization process. """ key = None secret = None def __init__(self, key, secret): self.key = key self.secret = secret if self.key is None or self.secret is None: raise ValueError("Key and secret must be set.") def __str__(self): data = {'oauth_consumer_key': self.key, 'oauth_consumer_secret': self.secret} return urllib.urlencode(data) class Token(object): """An OAuth credential used to request authorization or a protected resource. Tokens in OAuth comprise a *key* and a *secret*. The key is included in requests to identify the token being used, but the secret is used only in the signature, to prove that the requester is who the server gave the token to. When first negotiating the authorization, the consumer asks for a *request token* that the live user authorizes with the service provider. The consumer then exchanges the request token for an *access token* that can be used to access protected resources. """ key = None secret = None callback = None callback_confirmed = None verifier = None def __init__(self, key, secret): self.key = key self.secret = secret if self.key is None or self.secret is None: raise ValueError("Key and secret must be set.") def set_callback(self, callback): self.callback = callback self.callback_confirmed = 'true' def set_verifier(self, verifier=None): if verifier is not None: self.verifier = verifier else: self.verifier = generate_verifier() def get_callback_url(self): if self.callback and self.verifier: # Append the oauth_verifier. parts = urlparse.urlparse(self.callback) scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = parts[:6] if query: query = '%s&oauth_verifier=%s' % (query, self.verifier) else: query = 'oauth_verifier=%s' % self.verifier return urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)) return self.callback def to_string(self): """Returns this token as a plain string, suitable for storage. The resulting string includes the token's secret, so you should never send or store this string where a third party can read it. """ data = { 'oauth_token': self.key, 'oauth_token_secret': self.secret, } if self.callback_confirmed is not None: data['oauth_callback_confirmed'] = self.callback_confirmed return urllib.urlencode(data) @staticmethod def from_string(s): """Deserializes a token from a string like one returned by `to_string()`.""" if not len(s): raise ValueError("Invalid parameter string.") params = parse_qs(s, keep_blank_values=False) if not len(params): raise ValueError("Invalid parameter string.") try: key = params['oauth_token'][0] except Exception: raise ValueError("'oauth_token' not found in OAuth request.") try: secret = params['oauth_token_secret'][0] except Exception: raise ValueError("'oauth_token_secret' not found in " "OAuth request.") token = Token(key, secret) try: token.callback_confirmed = params['oauth_callback_confirmed'][0] except KeyError: pass # 1.0, no callback confirmed. return token def __str__(self): return self.to_string() def setter(attr): name = attr.__name__ def getter(self): try: return self.__dict__[name] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(name) def deleter(self): del self.__dict__[name] return property(getter, attr, deleter) class Request(dict): """The parameters and information for an HTTP request, suitable for authorizing with OAuth credentials. When a consumer wants to access a service's protected resources, it does so using a signed HTTP request identifying itself (the consumer) with its key, and providing an access token authorized by the end user to access those resources. """ version = OAUTH_VERSION def __init__(self, method=HTTP_METHOD, url=None, parameters=None, body='', is_form_encoded=False): if url is not None: self.url = to_unicode(url) self.method = method if parameters is not None: for k, v in parameters.iteritems(): k = to_unicode(k) v = to_unicode_optional_iterator(v) self[k] = v self.body = body self.is_form_encoded = is_form_encoded @setter def url(self, value): self.__dict__['url'] = value if value is not None: scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse.urlparse(value) # Exclude default port numbers. if scheme == 'http' and netloc[-3:] == ':80': netloc = netloc[:-3] elif scheme == 'https' and netloc[-4:] == ':443': netloc = netloc[:-4] if scheme not in ('http', 'https'): raise ValueError("Unsupported URL %s (%s)." % (value, scheme)) # Normalized URL excludes params, query, and fragment. self.normalized_url = urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, None, None, None)) else: self.normalized_url = None self.__dict__['url'] = None @setter def method(self, value): self.__dict__['method'] = value.upper() def _get_timestamp_nonce(self): return self['oauth_timestamp'], self['oauth_nonce'] def get_nonoauth_parameters(self): """Get any non-OAuth parameters.""" return dict([(k, v) for k, v in self.iteritems() if not k.startswith('oauth_')]) def to_header(self, realm=''): """Serialize as a header for an HTTPAuth request.""" oauth_params = ((k, v) for k, v in self.items() if k.startswith('oauth_')) stringy_params = ((k, escape(str(v))) for k, v in oauth_params) header_params = ('%s="%s"' % (k, v) for k, v in stringy_params) params_header = ', '.join(header_params) auth_header = 'OAuth realm="%s"' % realm if params_header: auth_header = "%s, %s" % (auth_header, params_header) return {'Authorization': auth_header} def to_postdata(self): """Serialize as post data for a POST request.""" d = {} for k, v in self.iteritems(): d[k.encode('utf-8')] = to_utf8_optional_iterator(v) # tell urlencode to deal with sequence values and map them correctly # to resulting querystring. for example self["k"] = ["v1", "v2"] will # result in 'k=v1&k=v2' and not k=%5B%27v1%27%2C+%27v2%27%5D return urllib.urlencode(d, True).replace('+', '%20') def to_url(self): """Serialize as a URL for a GET request.""" base_url = urlparse.urlparse(self.url) try: query = base_url.query except AttributeError: # must be python <2.5 query = base_url[4] query = parse_qs(query) for k, v in self.items(): query.setdefault(k, []).append(v) try: scheme = base_url.scheme netloc = base_url.netloc path = base_url.path params = base_url.params fragment = base_url.fragment except AttributeError: # must be python <2.5 scheme = base_url[0] netloc = base_url[1] path = base_url[2] params = base_url[3] fragment = base_url[5] url = (scheme, netloc, path, params, urllib.urlencode(query, True), fragment) return urlparse.urlunparse(url) def get_parameter(self, parameter): ret = self.get(parameter) if ret is None: raise Error('Parameter not found: %s' % parameter) return ret def get_normalized_parameters(self): """Return a string that contains the parameters that must be signed.""" items = [] for key, value in self.iteritems(): if key == 'oauth_signature': continue # 1.0a/9.1.1 states that kvp must be sorted by key, then by value, # so we unpack sequence values into multiple items for sorting. if isinstance(value, basestring): items.append((to_utf8_if_string(key), to_utf8(value))) else: try: value = list(value) except TypeError, e: assert 'is not iterable' in str(e) items.append((to_utf8_if_string(key), to_utf8_if_string(value))) else: items.extend((to_utf8_if_string(key), to_utf8_if_string(item)) for item in value) # Include any query string parameters from the provided URL query = urlparse.urlparse(self.url)[4] url_items = self._split_url_string(query).items() url_items = [(to_utf8(k), to_utf8(v)) for k, v in url_items if k != 'oauth_signature' ] items.extend(url_items) items.sort() encoded_str = urllib.urlencode(items) # Encode signature parameters per Oauth Core 1.0 protocol # spec draft 7, section 3.6 # (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hammer-oauth-07#section-3.6) # Spaces must be encoded with "%20" instead of "+" return encoded_str.replace('+', '%20').replace('%7E', '~') def sign_request(self, signature_method, consumer, token): """Set the signature parameter to the result of sign.""" if not self.is_form_encoded: # according to # http://oauth.googlecode.com/svn/spec/ext/body_hash/1.0/oauth-bodyhash.html # section 4.1.1 "OAuth Consumers MUST NOT include an # oauth_body_hash parameter on requests with form-encoded # request bodies." self['oauth_body_hash'] = base64.b64encode(sha(self.body).digest()) if 'oauth_consumer_key' not in self: self['oauth_consumer_key'] = consumer.key if token and 'oauth_token' not in self: self['oauth_token'] = token.key self['oauth_signature_method'] = signature_method.name self['oauth_signature'] = signature_method.sign(self, consumer, token) @classmethod def make_timestamp(cls): """Get seconds since epoch (UTC).""" return str(int(time.time())) @classmethod def make_nonce(cls): """Generate pseudorandom number.""" return str(random.randint(0, 100000000)) @classmethod def from_request(cls, http_method, http_url, headers=None, parameters=None, query_string=None): """Combines multiple parameter sources.""" if parameters is None: parameters = {} # Headers if headers and 'Authorization' in headers: auth_header = headers['Authorization'] # Check that the authorization header is OAuth. if auth_header[:6] == 'OAuth ': auth_header = auth_header[6:] try: # Get the parameters from the header. header_params = cls._split_header(auth_header) parameters.update(header_params) except: raise Error('Unable to parse OAuth parameters from ' 'Authorization header.') # GET or POST query string. if query_string: query_params = cls._split_url_string(query_string) parameters.update(query_params) # URL parameters. param_str = urlparse.urlparse(http_url)[4] # query url_params = cls._split_url_string(param_str) parameters.update(url_params) if parameters: return cls(http_method, http_url, parameters) return None @classmethod def from_consumer_and_token(cls, consumer, token=None, http_method=HTTP_METHOD, http_url=None, parameters=None, body='', is_form_encoded=False): if not parameters: parameters = {} defaults = { 'oauth_consumer_key': consumer.key, 'oauth_timestamp': cls.make_timestamp(), 'oauth_nonce': cls.make_nonce(), 'oauth_version': cls.version, } defaults.update(parameters) parameters = defaults if token: parameters['oauth_token'] = token.key if token.verifier: parameters['oauth_verifier'] = token.verifier return Request(http_method, http_url, parameters, body=body, is_form_encoded=is_form_encoded) @classmethod def from_token_and_callback(cls, token, callback=None, http_method=HTTP_METHOD, http_url=None, parameters=None): if not parameters: parameters = {} parameters['oauth_token'] = token.key if callback: parameters['oauth_callback'] = callback return cls(http_method, http_url, parameters) @staticmethod def _split_header(header): """Turn Authorization: header into parameters.""" params = {} parts = header.split(',') for param in parts: # Ignore realm parameter. if param.find('realm') > -1: continue # Remove whitespace. param = param.strip() # Split key-value. param_parts = param.split('=', 1) # Remove quotes and unescape the value. params[param_parts[0]] = urllib.unquote(param_parts[1].strip('\"')) return params @staticmethod def _split_url_string(param_str): """Turn URL string into parameters.""" parameters = parse_qs(param_str.encode('utf-8'), keep_blank_values=True) for k, v in parameters.iteritems(): parameters[k] = urllib.unquote(v[0]) return parameters class Client(httplib2.Http): """OAuthClient is a worker to attempt to execute a request.""" def __init__(self, consumer, token=None, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None): if consumer is not None and not isinstance(consumer, Consumer): raise ValueError("Invalid consumer.") if token is not None and not isinstance(token, Token): raise ValueError("Invalid token.") self.consumer = consumer self.token = token self.method = SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() httplib2.Http.__init__(self, cache=cache, timeout=timeout, proxy_info=proxy_info) def set_signature_method(self, method): if not isinstance(method, SignatureMethod): raise ValueError("Invalid signature method.") self.method = method def request(self, uri, method="GET", body='', headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): DEFAULT_POST_CONTENT_TYPE = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' if not isinstance(headers, dict): headers = {} if method == "POST": headers['Content-Type'] = headers.get('Content-Type', DEFAULT_POST_CONTENT_TYPE) is_form_encoded = \ headers.get('Content-Type') == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' if is_form_encoded and body: parameters = parse_qs(body) else: parameters = None req = Request.from_consumer_and_token(self.consumer, token=self.token, http_method=method, http_url=uri, parameters=parameters, body=body, is_form_encoded=is_form_encoded) req.sign_request(self.method, self.consumer, self.token) schema, rest = urllib.splittype(uri) if rest.startswith('//'): hierpart = '//' else: hierpart = '' host, rest = urllib.splithost(rest) realm = schema + ':' + hierpart + host if is_form_encoded: body = req.to_postdata() elif method == "GET": uri = req.to_url() else: headers.update(req.to_header(realm=realm)) return httplib2.Http.request(self, uri, method=method, body=body, headers=headers, redirections=redirections, connection_type=connection_type) class Server(object): """A skeletal implementation of a service provider, providing protected resources to requests from authorized consumers. This class implements the logic to check requests for authorization. You can use it with your web server or web framework to protect certain resources with OAuth. """ timestamp_threshold = 300 # In seconds, five minutes. version = OAUTH_VERSION signature_methods = None def __init__(self, signature_methods=None): self.signature_methods = signature_methods or {} def add_signature_method(self, signature_method): self.signature_methods[signature_method.name] = signature_method return self.signature_methods def verify_request(self, request, consumer, token): """Verifies an api call and checks all the parameters.""" self._check_version(request) self._check_signature(request, consumer, token) parameters = request.get_nonoauth_parameters() return parameters def build_authenticate_header(self, realm=''): """Optional support for the authenticate header.""" return {'WWW-Authenticate': 'OAuth realm="%s"' % realm} def _check_version(self, request): """Verify the correct version of the request for this server.""" version = self._get_version(request) if version and version != self.version: raise Error('OAuth version %s not supported.' % str(version)) def _get_version(self, request): """Return the version of the request for this server.""" try: version = request.get_parameter('oauth_version') except: version = OAUTH_VERSION return version def _get_signature_method(self, request): """Figure out the signature with some defaults.""" try: signature_method = request.get_parameter('oauth_signature_method') except: signature_method = SIGNATURE_METHOD try: # Get the signature method object. signature_method = self.signature_methods[signature_method] except: signature_method_names = ', '.join(self.signature_methods.keys()) raise Error('Signature method %s not supported try one of the following: %s' % (signature_method, signature_method_names)) return signature_method def _get_verifier(self, request): return request.get_parameter('oauth_verifier') def _check_signature(self, request, consumer, token): timestamp, nonce = request._get_timestamp_nonce() self._check_timestamp(timestamp) signature_method = self._get_signature_method(request) try: signature = request.get_parameter('oauth_signature') except: raise MissingSignature('Missing oauth_signature.') # Validate the signature. valid = signature_method.check(request, consumer, token, signature) if not valid: key, base = signature_method.signing_base(request, consumer, token) raise Error('Invalid signature. Expected signature base ' 'string: %s' % base) def _check_timestamp(self, timestamp): """Verify that timestamp is recentish.""" timestamp = int(timestamp) now = int(time.time()) lapsed = now - timestamp if lapsed > self.timestamp_threshold: raise Error('Expired timestamp: given %d and now %s has a ' 'greater difference than threshold %d' % (timestamp, now, self.timestamp_threshold)) class SignatureMethod(object): """A way of signing requests. The OAuth protocol lets consumers and service providers pick a way to sign requests. This interface shows the methods expected by the other `oauth` modules for signing requests. Subclass it and implement its methods to provide a new way to sign requests. """ def signing_base(self, request, consumer, token): """Calculates the string that needs to be signed. This method returns a 2-tuple containing the starting key for the signing and the message to be signed. The latter may be used in error messages to help clients debug their software. """ raise NotImplementedError def sign(self, request, consumer, token): """Returns the signature for the given request, based on the consumer and token also provided. You should use your implementation of `signing_base()` to build the message to sign. Otherwise it may be less useful for debugging. """ raise NotImplementedError def check(self, request, consumer, token, signature): """Returns whether the given signature is the correct signature for the given consumer and token signing the given request.""" built = self.sign(request, consumer, token) return built == signature class SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1(SignatureMethod): name = 'HMAC-SHA1' def signing_base(self, request, consumer, token): if not hasattr(request, 'normalized_url') or request.normalized_url is None: raise ValueError("Base URL for request is not set.") sig = ( escape(request.method), escape(request.normalized_url), escape(request.get_normalized_parameters()), ) key = '%s&' % escape(consumer.secret) if token: key += escape(token.secret) raw = '&'.join(sig) return key, raw def sign(self, request, consumer, token): """Builds the base signature string.""" key, raw = self.signing_base(request, consumer, token) hashed = hmac.new(key, raw, sha) # Calculate the digest base 64. return binascii.b2a_base64(hashed.digest())[:-1] class SignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT(SignatureMethod): name = 'PLAINTEXT' def signing_base(self, request, consumer, token): """Concatenates the consumer key and secret with the token's secret.""" sig = '%s&' % escape(consumer.secret) if token: sig = sig + escape(token.secret) return sig, sig def sign(self, request, consumer, token): key, raw = self.signing_base(request, consumer, token) return raw
Python
# This is the version of this source code. manual_verstr = "1.5" auto_build_num = "211" verstr = manual_verstr + "." + auto_build_num try: from pyutil.version_class import Version as pyutil_Version __version__ = pyutil_Version(verstr) except (ImportError, ValueError): # Maybe there is no pyutil installed. from distutils.version import LooseVersion as distutils_Version __version__ = distutils_Version(verstr)
Python
""" The MIT License Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Leah Culver, Joe Stump, Mark Paschal, Vic Fryzel Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ import oauth2 import imaplib class IMAP4_SSL(imaplib.IMAP4_SSL): """IMAP wrapper for imaplib.IMAP4_SSL that implements XOAUTH.""" def authenticate(self, url, consumer, token): if consumer is not None and not isinstance(consumer, oauth2.Consumer): raise ValueError("Invalid consumer.") if token is not None and not isinstance(token, oauth2.Token): raise ValueError("Invalid token.") imaplib.IMAP4_SSL.authenticate(self, 'XOAUTH', lambda x: oauth2.build_xoauth_string(url, consumer, token))
Python
""" The MIT License Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Leah Culver, Joe Stump, Mark Paschal, Vic Fryzel Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ import oauth2 import smtplib import base64 class SMTP(smtplib.SMTP): """SMTP wrapper for smtplib.SMTP that implements XOAUTH.""" def authenticate(self, url, consumer, token): if consumer is not None and not isinstance(consumer, oauth2.Consumer): raise ValueError("Invalid consumer.") if token is not None and not isinstance(token, oauth2.Token): raise ValueError("Invalid token.") self.docmd('AUTH', 'XOAUTH %s' % \ base64.b64encode(oauth2.build_xoauth_string(url, consumer, token)))
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Command-line tools for authenticating via OAuth 2.0 Do the OAuth 2.0 Web Server dance for a command line application. Stores the generated credentials in a common file that is used by other example apps in the same directory. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' __all__ = ['run'] import BaseHTTPServer import gflags import socket import sys from client import FlowExchangeError try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS gflags.DEFINE_boolean('auth_local_webserver', True, ('Run a local web server to handle redirects during ' 'OAuth authorization.')) gflags.DEFINE_string('auth_host_name', 'localhost', ('Host name to use when running a local web server to ' 'handle redirects during OAuth authorization.')) gflags.DEFINE_multi_int('auth_host_port', [8080, 8090], ('Port to use when running a local web server to ' 'handle redirects during OAuth authorization.')) class ClientRedirectServer(BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer): """A server to handle OAuth 2.0 redirects back to localhost. Waits for a single request and parses the query parameters into query_params and then stops serving. """ query_params = {} class ClientRedirectHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): """A handler for OAuth 2.0 redirects back to localhost. Waits for a single request and parses the query parameters into the servers query_params and then stops serving. """ def do_GET(s): """Handle a GET request. Parses the query parameters and prints a message if the flow has completed. Note that we can't detect if an error occurred. """ s.send_response(200) s.send_header("Content-type", "text/html") s.end_headers() query = s.path.split('?', 1)[-1] query = dict(parse_qsl(query)) s.server.query_params = query s.wfile.write("<html><head><title>Authentication Status</title></head>") s.wfile.write("<body><p>The authentication flow has completed.</p>") s.wfile.write("</body></html>") def log_message(self, format, *args): """Do not log messages to stdout while running as command line program.""" pass def run(flow, storage): """Core code for a command-line application. Args: flow: Flow, an OAuth 2.0 Flow to step through. storage: Storage, a Storage to store the credential in. Returns: Credentials, the obtained credential. """ if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: success = False port_number = 0 for port in FLAGS.auth_host_port: port_number = port try: httpd = ClientRedirectServer((FLAGS.auth_host_name, port), ClientRedirectHandler) except socket.error, e: pass else: success = True break FLAGS.auth_local_webserver = success if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: oauth_callback = 'http://%s:%s/' % (FLAGS.auth_host_name, port_number) else: oauth_callback = 'oob' authorize_url = flow.step1_get_authorize_url(oauth_callback) print 'Go to the following link in your browser:' print authorize_url print if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: print 'If your browser is on a different machine then exit and re-run this' print 'application with the command-line parameter ' print '--noauth_local_webserver.' print code = None if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: httpd.handle_request() if 'error' in httpd.query_params: sys.exit('Authentication request was rejected.') if 'code' in httpd.query_params: code = httpd.query_params['code'] else: print 'Failed to find "code" in the query parameters of the redirect.' sys.exit('Try running with --noauth_local_webserver.') else: code = raw_input('Enter verification code: ').strip() try: credential = flow.step2_exchange(code) except FlowExchangeError, e: sys.exit('Authentication has failed: %s' % e) storage.put(credential) credential.set_store(storage) print 'Authentication successful.' return credential
Python
# Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. """Multi-credential file store with lock support. This module implements a JSON credential store where multiple credentials can be stored in one file. That file supports locking both in a single process and across processes. The credential themselves are keyed off of: * client_id * user_agent * scope The format of the stored data is like so: { 'file_version': 1, 'data': [ { 'key': { 'clientId': '<client id>', 'userAgent': '<user agent>', 'scope': '<scope>' }, 'credential': { # JSON serialized Credentials. } } ] } """ __author__ = 'jbeda@google.com (Joe Beda)' import base64 import fcntl import logging import os import threading try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson from client import Storage as BaseStorage from client import Credentials logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # A dict from 'filename'->_MultiStore instances _multistores = {} _multistores_lock = threading.Lock() class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class NewerCredentialStoreError(Error): """The credential store is a newer version that supported.""" pass def get_credential_storage(filename, client_id, user_agent, scope, warn_on_readonly=True): """Get a Storage instance for a credential. Args: filename: The JSON file storing a set of credentials client_id: The client_id for the credential user_agent: The user agent for the credential scope: string or list of strings, Scope(s) being requested warn_on_readonly: if True, log a warning if the store is readonly Returns: An object derived from client.Storage for getting/setting the credential. """ filename = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser(filename)) _multistores_lock.acquire() try: multistore = _multistores.setdefault( filename, _MultiStore(filename, warn_on_readonly)) finally: _multistores_lock.release() if type(scope) is list: scope = ' '.join(scope) return multistore._get_storage(client_id, user_agent, scope) class _MultiStore(object): """A file backed store for multiple credentials.""" def __init__(self, filename, warn_on_readonly=True): """Initialize the class. This will create the file if necessary. """ self._filename = filename self._thread_lock = threading.Lock() self._file_handle = None self._read_only = False self._warn_on_readonly = warn_on_readonly self._create_file_if_needed() # Cache of deserialized store. This is only valid after the # _MultiStore is locked or _refresh_data_cache is called. This is # of the form of: # # (client_id, user_agent, scope) -> OAuth2Credential # # If this is None, then the store hasn't been read yet. self._data = None class _Storage(BaseStorage): """A Storage object that knows how to read/write a single credential.""" def __init__(self, multistore, client_id, user_agent, scope): self._multistore = multistore self._client_id = client_id self._user_agent = user_agent self._scope = scope def acquire_lock(self): """Acquires any lock necessary to access this Storage. This lock is not reentrant. """ self._multistore._lock() def release_lock(self): """Release the Storage lock. Trying to release a lock that isn't held will result in a RuntimeError. """ self._multistore._unlock() def locked_get(self): """Retrieve credential. The Storage lock must be held when this is called. Returns: oauth2client.client.Credentials """ credential = self._multistore._get_credential( self._client_id, self._user_agent, self._scope) if credential: credential.set_store(self) return credential def locked_put(self, credentials): """Write a credential. The Storage lock must be held when this is called. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ self._multistore._update_credential(credentials, self._scope) def _create_file_if_needed(self): """Create an empty file if necessary. This method will not initialize the file. Instead it implements a simple version of "touch" to ensure the file has been created. """ if not os.path.exists(self._filename): old_umask = os.umask(0177) try: open(self._filename, 'a+').close() finally: os.umask(old_umask) def _lock(self): """Lock the entire multistore.""" self._thread_lock.acquire() # Check to see if the file is writeable. if os.access(self._filename, os.W_OK): self._file_handle = open(self._filename, 'r+') fcntl.lockf(self._file_handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX) else: # Cannot open in read/write mode. Open only in read mode. self._file_handle = open(self._filename, 'r') self._read_only = True if self._warn_on_readonly: logger.warn('The credentials file (%s) is not writable. Opening in ' 'read-only mode. Any refreshed credentials will only be ' 'valid for this run.' % self._filename) if os.path.getsize(self._filename) == 0: logger.debug('Initializing empty multistore file') # The multistore is empty so write out an empty file. self._data = {} self._write() elif not self._read_only or self._data is None: # Only refresh the data if we are read/write or we haven't # cached the data yet. If we are readonly, we assume is isn't # changing out from under us and that we only have to read it # once. This prevents us from whacking any new access keys that # we have cached in memory but were unable to write out. self._refresh_data_cache() def _unlock(self): """Release the lock on the multistore.""" if not self._read_only: fcntl.lockf(self._file_handle.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_UN) self._file_handle.close() self._thread_lock.release() def _locked_json_read(self): """Get the raw content of the multistore file. The multistore must be locked when this is called. Returns: The contents of the multistore decoded as JSON. """ assert self._thread_lock.locked() self._file_handle.seek(0) return simplejson.load(self._file_handle) def _locked_json_write(self, data): """Write a JSON serializable data structure to the multistore. The multistore must be locked when this is called. Args: data: The data to be serialized and written. """ assert self._thread_lock.locked() if self._read_only: return self._file_handle.seek(0) simplejson.dump(data, self._file_handle, sort_keys=True, indent=2) self._file_handle.truncate() def _refresh_data_cache(self): """Refresh the contents of the multistore. The multistore must be locked when this is called. Raises: NewerCredentialStoreError: Raised when a newer client has written the store. """ self._data = {} try: raw_data = self._locked_json_read() except Exception: logger.warn('Credential data store could not be loaded. ' 'Will ignore and overwrite.') return version = 0 try: version = raw_data['file_version'] except Exception: logger.warn('Missing version for credential data store. It may be ' 'corrupt or an old version. Overwriting.') if version > 1: raise NewerCredentialStoreError( 'Credential file has file_version of %d. ' 'Only file_version of 1 is supported.' % version) credentials = [] try: credentials = raw_data['data'] except (TypeError, KeyError): pass for cred_entry in credentials: try: (key, credential) = self._decode_credential_from_json(cred_entry) self._data[key] = credential except: # If something goes wrong loading a credential, just ignore it logger.info('Error decoding credential, skipping', exc_info=True) def _decode_credential_from_json(self, cred_entry): """Load a credential from our JSON serialization. Args: cred_entry: A dict entry from the data member of our format Returns: (key, cred) where the key is the key tuple and the cred is the OAuth2Credential object. """ raw_key = cred_entry['key'] client_id = raw_key['clientId'] user_agent = raw_key['userAgent'] scope = raw_key['scope'] key = (client_id, user_agent, scope) credential = None credential = Credentials.new_from_json(simplejson.dumps(cred_entry['credential'])) return (key, credential) def _write(self): """Write the cached data back out. The multistore must be locked. """ raw_data = {'file_version': 1} raw_creds = [] raw_data['data'] = raw_creds for (cred_key, cred) in self._data.items(): raw_key = { 'clientId': cred_key[0], 'userAgent': cred_key[1], 'scope': cred_key[2] } raw_cred = simplejson.loads(cred.to_json()) raw_creds.append({'key': raw_key, 'credential': raw_cred}) self._locked_json_write(raw_data) def _get_credential(self, client_id, user_agent, scope): """Get a credential from the multistore. The multistore must be locked. Args: client_id: The client_id for the credential user_agent: The user agent for the credential scope: A string for the scope(s) being requested Returns: The credential specified or None if not present """ key = (client_id, user_agent, scope) return self._data.get(key, None) def _update_credential(self, cred, scope): """Update a credential and write the multistore. This must be called when the multistore is locked. Args: cred: The OAuth2Credential to update/set scope: The scope(s) that this credential covers """ key = (cred.client_id, cred.user_agent, scope) self._data[key] = cred self._write() def _get_storage(self, client_id, user_agent, scope): """Get a Storage object to get/set a credential. This Storage is a 'view' into the multistore. Args: client_id: The client_id for the credential user_agent: The user agent for the credential scope: A string for the scope(s) being requested Returns: A Storage object that can be used to get/set this cred """ return self._Storage(self, client_id, user_agent, scope)
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """An OAuth 2.0 client. Tools for interacting with OAuth 2.0 protected resources. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import base64 import clientsecrets import copy import datetime import httplib2 import logging import os import sys import time import urllib import urlparse HAS_OPENSSL = False try: from oauth2client.crypt import Signer from oauth2client.crypt import make_signed_jwt from oauth2client.crypt import verify_signed_jwt_with_certs HAS_OPENSSL = True except ImportError: pass try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl # Determine if we can write to the file system, and if we can use a local file # cache behing httplib2. if hasattr(os, 'tempnam'): # Put cache file in the director '.cache'. CACHED_HTTP = httplib2.Http('.cache') else: CACHED_HTTP = httplib2.Http() logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Expiry is stored in RFC3339 UTC format EXPIRY_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ' # Which certs to use to validate id_tokens received. ID_TOKEN_VERIFICATON_CERTS = 'https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs' class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class FlowExchangeError(Error): """Error trying to exchange an authorization grant for an access token.""" pass class AccessTokenRefreshError(Error): """Error trying to refresh an expired access token.""" pass class UnknownClientSecretsFlowError(Error): """The client secrets file called for an unknown type of OAuth 2.0 flow. """ pass class AccessTokenCredentialsError(Error): """Having only the access_token means no refresh is possible.""" pass class VerifyJwtTokenError(Error): """Could on retrieve certificates for validation.""" pass def _abstract(): raise NotImplementedError('You need to override this function') class Credentials(object): """Base class for all Credentials objects. Subclasses must define an authorize() method that applies the credentials to an HTTP transport. Subclasses must also specify a classmethod named 'from_json' that takes a JSON string as input and returns an instaniated Crentials object. """ NON_SERIALIZED_MEMBERS = ['store'] def authorize(self, http): """Take an httplib2.Http instance (or equivalent) and authorizes it for the set of credentials, usually by replacing http.request() with a method that adds in the appropriate headers and then delegates to the original Http.request() method. """ _abstract() def _to_json(self, strip): """Utility function for creating a JSON representation of an instance of Credentials. Args: strip: array, An array of names of members to not include in the JSON. Returns: string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to from_json(). """ t = type(self) d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) for member in strip: del d[member] if 'token_expiry' in d and isinstance(d['token_expiry'], datetime.datetime): d['token_expiry'] = d['token_expiry'].strftime(EXPIRY_FORMAT) # Add in information we will need later to reconsistitue this instance. d['_class'] = t.__name__ d['_module'] = t.__module__ return simplejson.dumps(d) def to_json(self): """Creating a JSON representation of an instance of Credentials. Returns: string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to from_json(). """ return self._to_json(Credentials.NON_SERIALIZED_MEMBERS) @classmethod def new_from_json(cls, s): """Utility class method to instantiate a Credentials subclass from a JSON representation produced by to_json(). Args: s: string, JSON from to_json(). Returns: An instance of the subclass of Credentials that was serialized with to_json(). """ data = simplejson.loads(s) # Find and call the right classmethod from_json() to restore the object. module = data['_module'] m = __import__(module, fromlist=module.split('.')[:-1]) kls = getattr(m, data['_class']) from_json = getattr(kls, 'from_json') return from_json(s) class Flow(object): """Base class for all Flow objects.""" pass class Storage(object): """Base class for all Storage objects. Store and retrieve a single credential. This class supports locking such that multiple processes and threads can operate on a single store. """ def acquire_lock(self): """Acquires any lock necessary to access this Storage. This lock is not reentrant.""" pass def release_lock(self): """Release the Storage lock. Trying to release a lock that isn't held will result in a RuntimeError. """ pass def locked_get(self): """Retrieve credential. The Storage lock must be held when this is called. Returns: oauth2client.client.Credentials """ _abstract() def locked_put(self, credentials): """Write a credential. The Storage lock must be held when this is called. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ _abstract() def get(self): """Retrieve credential. The Storage lock must *not* be held when this is called. Returns: oauth2client.client.Credentials """ self.acquire_lock() try: return self.locked_get() finally: self.release_lock() def put(self, credentials): """Write a credential. The Storage lock must be held when this is called. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ self.acquire_lock() try: self.locked_put(credentials) finally: self.release_lock() class OAuth2Credentials(Credentials): """Credentials object for OAuth 2.0. Credentials can be applied to an httplib2.Http object using the authorize() method, which then adds the OAuth 2.0 access token to each request. OAuth2Credentials objects may be safely pickled and unpickled. """ def __init__(self, access_token, client_id, client_secret, refresh_token, token_expiry, token_uri, user_agent, id_token=None): """Create an instance of OAuth2Credentials. This constructor is not usually called by the user, instead OAuth2Credentials objects are instantiated by the OAuth2WebServerFlow. Args: access_token: string, access token. client_id: string, client identifier. client_secret: string, client secret. refresh_token: string, refresh token. token_expiry: datetime, when the access_token expires. token_uri: string, URI of token endpoint. user_agent: string, The HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. id_token: object, The identity of the resource owner. Notes: store: callable, A callable that when passed a Credential will store the credential back to where it came from. This is needed to store the latest access_token if it has expired and been refreshed. """ self.access_token = access_token self.client_id = client_id self.client_secret = client_secret self.refresh_token = refresh_token self.store = None self.token_expiry = token_expiry self.token_uri = token_uri self.user_agent = user_agent self.id_token = id_token # True if the credentials have been revoked or expired and can't be # refreshed. self.invalid = False def to_json(self): return self._to_json(Credentials.NON_SERIALIZED_MEMBERS) @classmethod def from_json(cls, s): """Instantiate a Credentials object from a JSON description of it. The JSON should have been produced by calling .to_json() on the object. Args: data: dict, A deserialized JSON object. Returns: An instance of a Credentials subclass. """ data = simplejson.loads(s) if 'token_expiry' in data and not isinstance(data['token_expiry'], datetime.datetime): try: data['token_expiry'] = datetime.datetime.strptime( data['token_expiry'], EXPIRY_FORMAT) except: data['token_expiry'] = None retval = OAuth2Credentials( data['access_token'], data['client_id'], data['client_secret'], data['refresh_token'], data['token_expiry'], data['token_uri'], data['user_agent'], data.get('id_token', None)) retval.invalid = data['invalid'] return retval @property def access_token_expired(self): """True if the credential is expired or invalid. If the token_expiry isn't set, we assume the token doesn't expire. """ if self.invalid: return True if not self.token_expiry: return False now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() if now >= self.token_expiry: logger.info('access_token is expired. Now: %s, token_expiry: %s', now, self.token_expiry) return True return False def set_store(self, store): """Set the Storage for the credential. Args: store: Storage, an implementation of Stroage object. This is needed to store the latest access_token if it has expired and been refreshed. This implementation uses locking to check for updates before updating the access_token. """ self.store = store def _updateFromCredential(self, other): """Update this Credential from another instance.""" self.__dict__.update(other.__getstate__()) def __getstate__(self): """Trim the state down to something that can be pickled.""" d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) del d['store'] return d def __setstate__(self, state): """Reconstitute the state of the object from being pickled.""" self.__dict__.update(state) self.store = None def _generate_refresh_request_body(self): """Generate the body that will be used in the refresh request.""" body = urllib.urlencode({ 'grant_type': 'refresh_token', 'client_id': self.client_id, 'client_secret': self.client_secret, 'refresh_token': self.refresh_token, }) return body def _generate_refresh_request_headers(self): """Generate the headers that will be used in the refresh request.""" headers = { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', } if self.user_agent is not None: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent return headers def _refresh(self, http_request): """Refreshes the access_token. This method first checks by reading the Storage object if available. If a refresh is still needed, it holds the Storage lock until the refresh is completed. """ if not self.store: self._do_refresh_request(http_request) else: self.store.acquire_lock() try: new_cred = self.store.locked_get() if (new_cred and not new_cred.invalid and new_cred.access_token != self.access_token): logger.info('Updated access_token read from Storage') self._updateFromCredential(new_cred) else: self._do_refresh_request(http_request) finally: self.store.release_lock() def _do_refresh_request(self, http_request): """Refresh the access_token using the refresh_token. Args: http: An instance of httplib2.Http.request or something that acts like it. Raises: AccessTokenRefreshError: When the refresh fails. """ body = self._generate_refresh_request_body() headers = self._generate_refresh_request_headers() logger.info('Refresing access_token') resp, content = http_request( self.token_uri, method='POST', body=body, headers=headers) if resp.status == 200: # TODO(jcgregorio) Raise an error if loads fails? d = simplejson.loads(content) self.access_token = d['access_token'] self.refresh_token = d.get('refresh_token', self.refresh_token) if 'expires_in' in d: self.token_expiry = datetime.timedelta( seconds=int(d['expires_in'])) + datetime.datetime.utcnow() else: self.token_expiry = None if self.store: self.store.locked_put(self) else: # An {'error':...} response body means the token is expired or revoked, # so we flag the credentials as such. logger.error('Failed to retrieve access token: %s' % content) error_msg = 'Invalid response %s.' % resp['status'] try: d = simplejson.loads(content) if 'error' in d: error_msg = d['error'] self.invalid = True if self.store: self.store.locked_put(self) except: pass raise AccessTokenRefreshError(error_msg) def authorize(self, http): """Authorize an httplib2.Http instance with these credentials. Args: http: An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it. Returns: A modified instance of http that was passed in. Example: h = httplib2.Http() h = credentials.authorize(h) You can't create a new OAuth subclass of httplib2.Authenication because it never gets passed the absolute URI, which is needed for signing. So instead we have to overload 'request' with a closure that adds in the Authorization header and then calls the original version of 'request()'. """ request_orig = http.request # The closure that will replace 'httplib2.Http.request'. def new_request(uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): if not self.access_token: logger.info('Attempting refresh to obtain initial access_token') self._refresh(request_orig) # Modify the request headers to add the appropriate # Authorization header. if headers is None: headers = {} headers['authorization'] = 'OAuth ' + self.access_token if self.user_agent is not None: if 'user-agent' in headers: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent + ' ' + headers['user-agent'] else: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent import logging logging.info(str(uri)) logging.info(str(headers)) resp, content = request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) if resp.status == 401: logger.info('Refreshing due to a 401') self._refresh(request_orig) headers['authorization'] = 'OAuth ' + self.access_token return request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) else: return (resp, content) http.request = new_request return http class AccessTokenCredentials(OAuth2Credentials): """Credentials object for OAuth 2.0. Credentials can be applied to an httplib2.Http object using the authorize() method, which then signs each request from that object with the OAuth 2.0 access token. This set of credentials is for the use case where you have acquired an OAuth 2.0 access_token from another place such as a JavaScript client or another web application, and wish to use it from Python. Because only the access_token is present it can not be refreshed and will in time expire. AccessTokenCredentials objects may be safely pickled and unpickled. Usage: credentials = AccessTokenCredentials('<an access token>', 'my-user-agent/1.0') http = httplib2.Http() http = credentials.authorize(http) Exceptions: AccessTokenCredentialsExpired: raised when the access_token expires or is revoked. """ def __init__(self, access_token, user_agent): """Create an instance of OAuth2Credentials This is one of the few types if Credentials that you should contrust, Credentials objects are usually instantiated by a Flow. Args: access_token: string, access token. user_agent: string, The HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. Notes: store: callable, a callable that when passed a Credential will store the credential back to where it came from. """ super(AccessTokenCredentials, self).__init__( access_token, None, None, None, None, None, user_agent) @classmethod def from_json(cls, s): data = simplejson.loads(s) retval = AccessTokenCredentials( data['access_token'], data['user_agent']) return retval def _refresh(self, http_request): raise AccessTokenCredentialsError( "The access_token is expired or invalid and can't be refreshed.") class AssertionCredentials(OAuth2Credentials): """Abstract Credentials object used for OAuth 2.0 assertion grants. This credential does not require a flow to instantiate because it represents a two legged flow, and therefore has all of the required information to generate and refresh its own access tokens. It must be subclassed to generate the appropriate assertion string. AssertionCredentials objects may be safely pickled and unpickled. """ def __init__(self, assertion_type, user_agent, token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', **unused_kwargs): """Constructor for AssertionFlowCredentials. Args: assertion_type: string, assertion type that will be declared to the auth server user_agent: string, The HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. """ super(AssertionCredentials, self).__init__( None, None, None, None, None, token_uri, user_agent) self.assertion_type = assertion_type def _generate_refresh_request_body(self): assertion = self._generate_assertion() body = urllib.urlencode({ 'assertion_type': self.assertion_type, 'assertion': assertion, 'grant_type': 'assertion', }) return body def _generate_assertion(self): """Generate the assertion string that will be used in the access token request. """ _abstract() if HAS_OPENSSL: # PyOpenSSL is not a prerequisite for oauth2client, so if it is missing then # don't create the SignedJwtAssertionCredentials or the verify_id_token() # method. class SignedJwtAssertionCredentials(AssertionCredentials): """Credentials object used for OAuth 2.0 Signed JWT assertion grants. This credential does not require a flow to instantiate because it represents a two legged flow, and therefore has all of the required information to generate and refresh its own access tokens. """ MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 3600 # 1 hour in seconds def __init__(self, service_account_name, private_key, scope, private_key_password='notasecret', user_agent=None, token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', **kwargs): """Constructor for SignedJwtAssertionCredentials. Args: service_account_name: string, id for account, usually an email address. private_key: string, private key in P12 format. scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) of the credentials being requested. private_key_password: string, password for private_key. user_agent: string, HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. kwargs: kwargs, Additional parameters to add to the JWT token, for example prn=joe@xample.org.""" super(SignedJwtAssertionCredentials, self).__init__( 'http://oauth.net/grant_type/jwt/1.0/bearer', user_agent, token_uri=token_uri, ) if type(scope) is list: scope = ' '.join(scope) self.scope = scope self.private_key = private_key self.private_key_password = private_key_password self.service_account_name = service_account_name self.kwargs = kwargs @classmethod def from_json(cls, s): data = simplejson.loads(s) retval = SignedJwtAssertionCredentials( data['service_account_name'], data['private_key'], data['private_key_password'], data['scope'], data['user_agent'], data['token_uri'], data['kwargs'] ) retval.invalid = data['invalid'] return retval def _generate_assertion(self): """Generate the assertion that will be used in the request.""" now = long(time.time()) payload = { 'aud': self.token_uri, 'scope': self.scope, 'iat': now, 'exp': now + SignedJwtAssertionCredentials.MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS, 'iss': self.service_account_name } payload.update(self.kwargs) logging.debug(str(payload)) return make_signed_jwt( Signer.from_string(self.private_key, self.private_key_password), payload) def verify_id_token(id_token, audience, http=None, cert_uri=ID_TOKEN_VERIFICATON_CERTS): """Verifies a signed JWT id_token. Args: id_token: string, A Signed JWT. audience: string, The audience 'aud' that the token should be for. http: httplib2.Http, instance to use to make the HTTP request. Callers should supply an instance that has caching enabled. cert_uri: string, URI of the certificates in JSON format to verify the JWT against. Returns: The deserialized JSON in the JWT. Raises: oauth2client.crypt.AppIdentityError if the JWT fails to verify. """ if http is None: http = CACHED_HTTP resp, content = http.request(cert_uri) if resp.status == 200: certs = simplejson.loads(content) return verify_signed_jwt_with_certs(id_token, certs, audience) else: raise VerifyJwtTokenError('Status code: %d' % resp.status) def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string): # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle. b64string = b64string.encode('ascii') padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4) return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) def _extract_id_token(id_token): """Extract the JSON payload from a JWT. Does the extraction w/o checking the signature. Args: id_token: string, OAuth 2.0 id_token. Returns: object, The deserialized JSON payload. """ segments = id_token.split('.') if (len(segments) != 3): raise VerifyJwtTokenError( 'Wrong number of segments in token: %s' % id_token) return simplejson.loads(_urlsafe_b64decode(segments[1])) class OAuth2WebServerFlow(Flow): """Does the Web Server Flow for OAuth 2.0. OAuth2Credentials objects may be safely pickled and unpickled. """ def __init__(self, client_id, client_secret, scope, user_agent=None, auth_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth', token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', **kwargs): """Constructor for OAuth2WebServerFlow. Args: client_id: string, client identifier. client_secret: string client secret. scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) of the credentials being requested. user_agent: string, HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. auth_uri: string, URI for authorization endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. **kwargs: dict, The keyword arguments are all optional and required parameters for the OAuth calls. """ self.client_id = client_id self.client_secret = client_secret if type(scope) is list: scope = ' '.join(scope) self.scope = scope self.user_agent = user_agent self.auth_uri = auth_uri self.token_uri = token_uri self.params = { 'access_type': 'offline', } self.params.update(kwargs) self.redirect_uri = None def step1_get_authorize_url(self, redirect_uri='oob'): """Returns a URI to redirect to the provider. Args: redirect_uri: string, Either the string 'oob' for a non-web-based application, or a URI that handles the callback from the authorization server. If redirect_uri is 'oob' then pass in the generated verification code to step2_exchange, otherwise pass in the query parameters received at the callback uri to step2_exchange. """ self.redirect_uri = redirect_uri query = { 'response_type': 'code', 'client_id': self.client_id, 'redirect_uri': redirect_uri, 'scope': self.scope, } query.update(self.params) parts = list(urlparse.urlparse(self.auth_uri)) query.update(dict(parse_qsl(parts[4]))) # 4 is the index of the query part parts[4] = urllib.urlencode(query) return urlparse.urlunparse(parts) def step2_exchange(self, code, http=None): """Exhanges a code for OAuth2Credentials. Args: code: string or dict, either the code as a string, or a dictionary of the query parameters to the redirect_uri, which contains the code. http: httplib2.Http, optional http instance to use to do the fetch """ if not (isinstance(code, str) or isinstance(code, unicode)): code = code['code'] body = urllib.urlencode({ 'grant_type': 'authorization_code', 'client_id': self.client_id, 'client_secret': self.client_secret, 'code': code, 'redirect_uri': self.redirect_uri, 'scope': self.scope, }) headers = { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', } if self.user_agent is not None: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent if http is None: http = httplib2.Http() resp, content = http.request(self.token_uri, method='POST', body=body, headers=headers) if resp.status == 200: # TODO(jcgregorio) Raise an error if simplejson.loads fails? d = simplejson.loads(content) access_token = d['access_token'] refresh_token = d.get('refresh_token', None) token_expiry = None if 'expires_in' in d: token_expiry = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta( seconds=int(d['expires_in'])) if 'id_token' in d: d['id_token'] = _extract_id_token(d['id_token']) logger.info('Successfully retrieved access token: %s' % content) return OAuth2Credentials(access_token, self.client_id, self.client_secret, refresh_token, token_expiry, self.token_uri, self.user_agent, id_token=d.get('id_token', None)) else: logger.error('Failed to retrieve access token: %s' % content) error_msg = 'Invalid response %s.' % resp['status'] try: d = simplejson.loads(content) if 'error' in d: error_msg = d['error'] except: pass raise FlowExchangeError(error_msg) def flow_from_clientsecrets(filename, scope, message=None): """Create a Flow from a clientsecrets file. Will create the right kind of Flow based on the contents of the clientsecrets file or will raise InvalidClientSecretsError for unknown types of Flows. Args: filename: string, File name of client secrets. scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) to request. message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. If message is provided then sys.exit will be called in the case of an error. If message in not provided then clientsecrets.InvalidClientSecretsError will be raised. Returns: A Flow object. Raises: UnknownClientSecretsFlowError if the file describes an unknown kind of Flow. clientsecrets.InvalidClientSecretsError if the clientsecrets file is invalid. """ try: client_type, client_info = clientsecrets.loadfile(filename) if client_type in [clientsecrets.TYPE_WEB, clientsecrets.TYPE_INSTALLED]: return OAuth2WebServerFlow( client_info['client_id'], client_info['client_secret'], scope, None, # user_agent client_info['auth_uri'], client_info['token_uri']) except clientsecrets.InvalidClientSecretsError: if message: sys.exit(message) else: raise else: raise UnknownClientSecretsFlowError( 'This OAuth 2.0 flow is unsupported: "%s"' * client_type)
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for OAuth. Utilities for making it easier to work with OAuth 2.0 credentials. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import threading try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson from client import Storage as BaseStorage from client import Credentials class Storage(BaseStorage): """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from a file.""" def __init__(self, filename): self._filename = filename self._lock = threading.Lock() def acquire_lock(self): """Acquires any lock necessary to access this Storage. This lock is not reentrant.""" self._lock.acquire() def release_lock(self): """Release the Storage lock. Trying to release a lock that isn't held will result in a RuntimeError. """ self._lock.release() def locked_get(self): """Retrieve Credential from file. Returns: oauth2client.client.Credentials """ credentials = None try: f = open(self._filename, 'r') content = f.read() f.close() except IOError: return credentials try: credentials = Credentials.new_from_json(content) credentials.set_store(self) except ValueError: pass return credentials def locked_put(self, credentials): """Write Credentials to file. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ f = open(self._filename, 'w') f.write(credentials.to_json()) f.close()
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """OAuth 2.0 utilities for Django. Utilities for using OAuth 2.0 in conjunction with the Django datastore. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import oauth2client import base64 import pickle from django.db import models from oauth2client.client import Storage as BaseStorage class CredentialsField(models.Field): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def get_internal_type(self): return "TextField" def to_python(self, value): if not value: return None if isinstance(value, oauth2client.client.Credentials): return value return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(value)) def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(value)) class FlowField(models.Field): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def get_internal_type(self): return "TextField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, oauth2client.client.Flow): return value return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(value)) def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(value)) class Storage(BaseStorage): """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from the datastore. This Storage helper presumes the Credentials have been stored as a CredenialsField on a db model class. """ def __init__(self, model_class, key_name, key_value, property_name): """Constructor for Storage. Args: model: db.Model, model class key_name: string, key name for the entity that has the credentials key_value: string, key value for the entity that has the credentials property_name: string, name of the property that is an CredentialsProperty """ self.model_class = model_class self.key_name = key_name self.key_value = key_value self.property_name = property_name def locked_get(self): """Retrieve Credential from datastore. Returns: oauth2client.Credentials """ credential = None query = {self.key_name: self.key_value} entities = self.model_class.objects.filter(**query) if len(entities) > 0: credential = getattr(entities[0], self.property_name) if credential and hasattr(credential, 'set_store'): credential.set_store(self) return credential def locked_put(self, credentials): """Write a Credentials to the datastore. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ args = {self.key_name: self.key_value} entity = self.model_class(**args) setattr(entity, self.property_name, credentials) entity.save()
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for Google App Engine Utilities for making it easier to use OAuth 2.0 on Google App Engine. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import base64 import httplib2 import logging import pickle import time try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson import clientsecrets from client import AccessTokenRefreshError from client import AssertionCredentials from client import Credentials from client import Flow from client import OAuth2WebServerFlow from client import Storage from google.appengine.api import memcache from google.appengine.api import users from google.appengine.api.app_identity import app_identity from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import login_required from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE = 'oauth2client#ns' class InvalidClientSecretsError(Exception): """The client_secrets.json file is malformed or missing required fields.""" pass class AppAssertionCredentials(AssertionCredentials): """Credentials object for App Engine Assertion Grants This object will allow an App Engine application to identify itself to Google and other OAuth 2.0 servers that can verify assertions. It can be used for the purpose of accessing data stored under an account assigned to the App Engine application itself. The algorithm used for generating the assertion is the Signed JSON Web Token (JWT) algorithm. Additional details can be found at the following link: http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-jones-json-web-token.html This credential does not require a flow to instantiate because it represents a two legged flow, and therefore has all of the required information to generate and refresh its own access tokens. """ def __init__(self, scope, audience='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', assertion_type='http://oauth.net/grant_type/jwt/1.0/bearer', token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', **kwargs): """Constructor for AppAssertionCredentials Args: scope: string, scope of the credentials being requested. audience: string, The audience, or verifier of the assertion. For convenience defaults to Google's audience. assertion_type: string, Type name that will identify the format of the assertion string. For convience, defaults to the JSON Web Token (JWT) assertion type string. token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. """ self.scope = scope self.audience = audience self.app_name = app_identity.get_service_account_name() super(AppAssertionCredentials, self).__init__( assertion_type, None, token_uri) @classmethod def from_json(cls, json): data = simplejson.loads(json) retval = AccessTokenCredentials( data['scope'], data['audience'], data['assertion_type'], data['token_uri']) return retval def _generate_assertion(self): header = { 'typ': 'JWT', 'alg': 'RS256', } now = int(time.time()) claims = { 'aud': self.audience, 'scope': self.scope, 'iat': now, 'exp': now + 3600, 'iss': self.app_name, } jwt_components = [base64.b64encode(simplejson.dumps(seg)) for seg in [header, claims]] base_str = ".".join(jwt_components) key_name, signature = app_identity.sign_blob(base_str) jwt_components.append(base64.b64encode(signature)) return ".".join(jwt_components) class FlowProperty(db.Property): """App Engine datastore Property for Flow. Utility property that allows easy storage and retreival of an oauth2client.Flow""" # Tell what the user type is. data_type = Flow # For writing to datastore. def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance): flow = super(FlowProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) return db.Blob(pickle.dumps(flow)) # For reading from datastore. def make_value_from_datastore(self, value): if value is None: return None return pickle.loads(value) def validate(self, value): if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Flow): raise db.BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible ' 'to a FlowThreeLegged instance (%s)' % (self.name, value)) return super(FlowProperty, self).validate(value) def empty(self, value): return not value class CredentialsProperty(db.Property): """App Engine datastore Property for Credentials. Utility property that allows easy storage and retrieval of oath2client.Credentials """ # Tell what the user type is. data_type = Credentials # For writing to datastore. def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance): logging.info("get: Got type " + str(type(model_instance))) cred = super(CredentialsProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) if cred is None: cred = '' else: cred = cred.to_json() return db.Blob(cred) # For reading from datastore. def make_value_from_datastore(self, value): logging.info("make: Got type " + str(type(value))) if value is None: return None if len(value) == 0: return None try: credentials = Credentials.new_from_json(value) except ValueError: credentials = None return credentials def validate(self, value): value = super(CredentialsProperty, self).validate(value) logging.info("validate: Got type " + str(type(value))) if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Credentials): raise db.BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible ' 'to a Credentials instance (%s)' % (self.name, value)) #if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Credentials): # return None return value class StorageByKeyName(Storage): """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from the App Engine datastore. This Storage helper presumes the Credentials have been stored as a CredenialsProperty on a datastore model class, and that entities are stored by key_name. """ def __init__(self, model, key_name, property_name, cache=None): """Constructor for Storage. Args: model: db.Model, model class key_name: string, key name for the entity that has the credentials property_name: string, name of the property that is a CredentialsProperty cache: memcache, a write-through cache to put in front of the datastore """ self._model = model self._key_name = key_name self._property_name = property_name self._cache = cache def locked_get(self): """Retrieve Credential from datastore. Returns: oauth2client.Credentials """ if self._cache: json = self._cache.get(self._key_name) if json: return Credentials.new_from_json(json) credential = None entity = self._model.get_by_key_name(self._key_name) if entity is not None: credential = getattr(entity, self._property_name) if credential and hasattr(credential, 'set_store'): credential.set_store(self) if self._cache: self._cache.set(self._key_name, credentials.to_json()) return credential def locked_put(self, credentials): """Write a Credentials to the datastore. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ entity = self._model.get_or_insert(self._key_name) setattr(entity, self._property_name, credentials) entity.put() if self._cache: self._cache.set(self._key_name, credentials.to_json()) class CredentialsModel(db.Model): """Storage for OAuth 2.0 Credentials Storage of the model is keyed by the user.user_id(). """ credentials = CredentialsProperty() class OAuth2Decorator(object): """Utility for making OAuth 2.0 easier. Instantiate and then use with oauth_required or oauth_aware as decorators on webapp.RequestHandler methods. Example: decorator = OAuth2Decorator( client_id='837...ent.com', client_secret='Qh...wwI', scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/plus') class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): @decorator.oauth_required def get(self): http = decorator.http() # http is authorized with the user's Credentials and can be used # in API calls """ def __init__(self, client_id, client_secret, scope, auth_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth', token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', message=None): """Constructor for OAuth2Decorator Args: client_id: string, client identifier. client_secret: string client secret. scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) of the credentials being requested. auth_uri: string, URI for authorization endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used. message: Message to display if there are problems with the OAuth 2.0 configuration. The message may contain HTML and will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the decorator. """ self.flow = OAuth2WebServerFlow(client_id, client_secret, scope, None, auth_uri, token_uri) self.credentials = None self._request_handler = None self._message = message self._in_error = False def _display_error_message(self, request_handler): request_handler.response.out.write('<html><body>') request_handler.response.out.write(self._message) request_handler.response.out.write('</body></html>') def oauth_required(self, method): """Decorator that starts the OAuth 2.0 dance. Starts the OAuth dance for the logged in user if they haven't already granted access for this application. Args: method: callable, to be decorated method of a webapp.RequestHandler instance. """ def check_oauth(request_handler, *args): if self._in_error: self._display_error_message(request_handler) return user = users.get_current_user() # Don't use @login_decorator as this could be used in a POST request. if not user: request_handler.redirect(users.create_login_url( request_handler.request.uri)) return # Store the request URI in 'state' so we can use it later self.flow.params['state'] = request_handler.request.url self._request_handler = request_handler self.credentials = StorageByKeyName( CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').get() if not self.has_credentials(): return request_handler.redirect(self.authorize_url()) try: method(request_handler, *args) except AccessTokenRefreshError: return request_handler.redirect(self.authorize_url()) return check_oauth def oauth_aware(self, method): """Decorator that sets up for OAuth 2.0 dance, but doesn't do it. Does all the setup for the OAuth dance, but doesn't initiate it. This decorator is useful if you want to create a page that knows whether or not the user has granted access to this application. From within a method decorated with @oauth_aware the has_credentials() and authorize_url() methods can be called. Args: method: callable, to be decorated method of a webapp.RequestHandler instance. """ def setup_oauth(request_handler, *args): if self._in_error: self._display_error_message(request_handler) return user = users.get_current_user() # Don't use @login_decorator as this could be used in a POST request. if not user: request_handler.redirect(users.create_login_url( request_handler.request.uri)) return self.flow.params['state'] = request_handler.request.url self._request_handler = request_handler self.credentials = StorageByKeyName( CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').get() method(request_handler, *args) return setup_oauth def has_credentials(self): """True if for the logged in user there are valid access Credentials. Must only be called from with a webapp.RequestHandler subclassed method that had been decorated with either @oauth_required or @oauth_aware. """ return self.credentials is not None and not self.credentials.invalid def authorize_url(self): """Returns the URL to start the OAuth dance. Must only be called from with a webapp.RequestHandler subclassed method that had been decorated with either @oauth_required or @oauth_aware. """ callback = self._request_handler.request.relative_url('/oauth2callback') url = self.flow.step1_get_authorize_url(callback) user = users.get_current_user() memcache.set(user.user_id(), pickle.dumps(self.flow), namespace=OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE) return url def http(self): """Returns an authorized http instance. Must only be called from within an @oauth_required decorated method, or from within an @oauth_aware decorated method where has_credentials() returns True. """ return self.credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()) class OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets(OAuth2Decorator): """An OAuth2Decorator that builds from a clientsecrets file. Uses a clientsecrets file as the source for all the information when constructing an OAuth2Decorator. Example: decorator = OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'client_secrets.json') scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/plus') class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): @decorator.oauth_required def get(self): http = decorator.http() # http is authorized with the user's Credentials and can be used # in API calls """ def __init__(self, filename, scope, message=None): """Constructor Args: filename: string, File name of client secrets. scope: string, Space separated list of scopes. message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. The message may contain HTML and will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the decorator. """ try: client_type, client_info = clientsecrets.loadfile(filename) if client_type not in [clientsecrets.TYPE_WEB, clientsecrets.TYPE_INSTALLED]: raise InvalidClientSecretsError('OAuth2Decorator doesn\'t support this OAuth 2.0 flow.') super(OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets, self).__init__( client_info['client_id'], client_info['client_secret'], scope, client_info['auth_uri'], client_info['token_uri'], message) except clientsecrets.InvalidClientSecretsError: self._in_error = True if message is not None: self._message = message else: self._message = "Please configure your application for OAuth 2.0" def oauth2decorator_from_clientsecrets(filename, scope, message=None): """Creates an OAuth2Decorator populated from a clientsecrets file. Args: filename: string, File name of client secrets. scope: string, Space separated list of scopes. message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. The message may contain HTML and will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the decorator. Returns: An OAuth2Decorator """ return OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets(filename, scope, message) class OAuth2Handler(webapp.RequestHandler): """Handler for the redirect_uri of the OAuth 2.0 dance.""" @login_required def get(self): error = self.request.get('error') if error: errormsg = self.request.get('error_description', error) self.response.out.write( 'The authorization request failed: %s' % errormsg) else: user = users.get_current_user() flow = pickle.loads(memcache.get(user.user_id(), namespace=OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE)) # This code should be ammended with application specific error # handling. The following cases should be considered: # 1. What if the flow doesn't exist in memcache? Or is corrupt? # 2. What if the step2_exchange fails? if flow: credentials = flow.step2_exchange(self.request.params) StorageByKeyName( CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').put(credentials) self.redirect(str(self.request.get('state'))) else: # TODO Add error handling here. pass application = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/oauth2callback', OAuth2Handler)]) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Copyright (C) 2011 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import base64 import hashlib import logging import time from OpenSSL import crypto try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson CLOCK_SKEW_SECS = 300 # 5 minutes in seconds AUTH_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 300 # 5 minutes in seconds MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 86400 # 1 day in seconds class AppIdentityError(Exception): pass class Verifier(object): """Verifies the signature on a message.""" def __init__(self, pubkey): """Constructor. Args: pubkey, OpenSSL.crypto.PKey, The public key to verify with. """ self._pubkey = pubkey def verify(self, message, signature): """Verifies a message against a signature. Args: message: string, The message to verify. signature: string, The signature on the message. Returns: True if message was singed by the private key associated with the public key that this object was constructed with. """ try: crypto.verify(self._pubkey, signature, message, 'sha256') return True except: return False @staticmethod def from_string(key_pem, is_x509_cert): """Construct a Verified instance from a string. Args: key_pem: string, public key in PEM format. is_x509_cert: bool, True if key_pem is an X509 cert, otherwise it is expected to be an RSA key in PEM format. Returns: Verifier instance. Raises: OpenSSL.crypto.Error if the key_pem can't be parsed. """ if is_x509_cert: pubkey = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, key_pem) else: pubkey = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, key_pem) return Verifier(pubkey) class Signer(object): """Signs messages with a private key.""" def __init__(self, pkey): """Constructor. Args: pkey, OpenSSL.crypto.PKey, The private key to sign with. """ self._key = pkey def sign(self, message): """Signs a message. Args: message: string, Message to be signed. Returns: string, The signature of the message for the given key. """ return crypto.sign(self._key, message, 'sha256') @staticmethod def from_string(key, password='notasecret'): """Construct a Signer instance from a string. Args: key: string, private key in P12 format. password: string, password for the private key file. Returns: Signer instance. Raises: OpenSSL.crypto.Error if the key can't be parsed. """ pkey = crypto.load_pkcs12(key, password).get_privatekey() return Signer(pkey) def _urlsafe_b64encode(raw_bytes): return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(raw_bytes).rstrip('=') def _urlsafe_b64decode(b64string): # Guard against unicode strings, which base64 can't handle. b64string = b64string.encode('ascii') padded = b64string + '=' * (4 - len(b64string) % 4) return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded) def _json_encode(data): return simplejson.dumps(data, separators = (',', ':')) def make_signed_jwt(signer, payload): """Make a signed JWT. See http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-jones-json-web-token.html. Args: signer: crypt.Signer, Cryptographic signer. payload: dict, Dictionary of data to convert to JSON and then sign. Returns: string, The JWT for the payload. """ header = {'typ': 'JWT', 'alg': 'RS256'} segments = [ _urlsafe_b64encode(_json_encode(header)), _urlsafe_b64encode(_json_encode(payload)), ] signing_input = '.'.join(segments) signature = signer.sign(signing_input) segments.append(_urlsafe_b64encode(signature)) logging.debug(str(segments)) return '.'.join(segments) def verify_signed_jwt_with_certs(jwt, certs, audience): """Verify a JWT against public certs. See http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-jones-json-web-token.html. Args: jwt: string, A JWT. certs: dict, Dictionary where values of public keys in PEM format. audience: string, The audience, 'aud', that this JWT should contain. If None then the JWT's 'aud' parameter is not verified. Returns: dict, The deserialized JSON payload in the JWT. Raises: AppIdentityError if any checks are failed. """ segments = jwt.split('.') if (len(segments) != 3): raise AppIdentityError( 'Wrong number of segments in token: %s' % jwt) signed = '%s.%s' % (segments[0], segments[1]) signature = _urlsafe_b64decode(segments[2]) # Parse token. json_body = _urlsafe_b64decode(segments[1]) try: parsed = simplejson.loads(json_body) except: raise AppIdentityError('Can\'t parse token: %s' % json_body) # Check signature. verified = False for (keyname, pem) in certs.items(): verifier = Verifier.from_string(pem, True) if (verifier.verify(signed, signature)): verified = True break if not verified: raise AppIdentityError('Invalid token signature: %s' % jwt) # Check creation timestamp. iat = parsed.get('iat') if iat is None: raise AppIdentityError('No iat field in token: %s' % json_body) earliest = iat - CLOCK_SKEW_SECS # Check expiration timestamp. now = long(time.time()) exp = parsed.get('exp') if exp is None: raise AppIdentityError('No exp field in token: %s' % json_body) if exp >= now + MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS: raise AppIdentityError( 'exp field too far in future: %s' % json_body) latest = exp + CLOCK_SKEW_SECS if now < earliest: raise AppIdentityError('Token used too early, %d < %d: %s' % (now, earliest, json_body)) if now > latest: raise AppIdentityError('Token used too late, %d > %d: %s' % (now, latest, json_body)) # Check audience. if audience is not None: aud = parsed.get('aud') if aud is None: raise AppIdentityError('No aud field in token: %s' % json_body) if aud != audience: raise AppIdentityError('Wrong recipient, %s != %s: %s' % (aud, audience, json_body)) return parsed
Python
# Copyright (C) 2011 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for reading OAuth 2.0 client secret files. A client_secrets.json file contains all the information needed to interact with an OAuth 2.0 protected service. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson # Properties that make a client_secrets.json file valid. TYPE_WEB = 'web' TYPE_INSTALLED = 'installed' VALID_CLIENT = { TYPE_WEB: { 'required': [ 'client_id', 'client_secret', 'redirect_uris', 'auth_uri', 'token_uri'], 'string': [ 'client_id', 'client_secret' ] }, TYPE_INSTALLED: { 'required': [ 'client_id', 'client_secret', 'redirect_uris', 'auth_uri', 'token_uri'], 'string': [ 'client_id', 'client_secret' ] } } class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class InvalidClientSecretsError(Error): """Format of ClientSecrets file is invalid.""" pass def _validate_clientsecrets(obj): if obj is None or len(obj) != 1: raise InvalidClientSecretsError('Invalid file format.') client_type = obj.keys()[0] if client_type not in VALID_CLIENT.keys(): raise InvalidClientSecretsError('Unknown client type: %s.' % client_type) client_info = obj[client_type] for prop_name in VALID_CLIENT[client_type]['required']: if prop_name not in client_info: raise InvalidClientSecretsError( 'Missing property "%s" in a client type of "%s".' % (prop_name, client_type)) for prop_name in VALID_CLIENT[client_type]['string']: if client_info[prop_name].startswith('[['): raise InvalidClientSecretsError( 'Property "%s" is not configured.' % prop_name) return client_type, client_info def load(fp): obj = simplejson.load(fp) return _validate_clientsecrets(obj) def loads(s): obj = simplejson.loads(s) return _validate_clientsecrets(obj) def loadfile(filename): try: fp = file(filename, 'r') try: obj = simplejson.load(fp) finally: fp.close() except IOError: raise InvalidClientSecretsError('File not found: "%s"' % filename) return _validate_clientsecrets(obj)
Python
import Cookie import datetime import time import email.utils import calendar import base64 import hashlib import hmac import re import logging # Ripped from the Tornado Framework's web.py # http://github.com/facebook/tornado/commit/39ac6d169a36a54bb1f6b9bf1fdebb5c9da96e09 # # Tornado is licensed under the Apache Licence, Version 2.0 # (http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html). # # Example: # from vendor.prayls.lilcookies import LilCookies # cookieutil = LilCookies(self, application_settings['cookie_secret']) # cookieutil.set_secure_cookie(name = 'mykey', value = 'myvalue', expires_days= 365*100) # cookieutil.get_secure_cookie(name = 'mykey') class LilCookies: @staticmethod def _utf8(s): if isinstance(s, unicode): return s.encode("utf-8") assert isinstance(s, str) return s @staticmethod def _time_independent_equals(a, b): if len(a) != len(b): return False result = 0 for x, y in zip(a, b): result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y) return result == 0 @staticmethod def _signature_from_secret(cookie_secret, *parts): """ Takes a secret salt value to create a signature for values in the `parts` param.""" hash = hmac.new(cookie_secret, digestmod=hashlib.sha1) for part in parts: hash.update(part) return hash.hexdigest() @staticmethod def _signed_cookie_value(cookie_secret, name, value): """ Returns a signed value for use in a cookie. This is helpful to have in its own method if you need to re-use this function for other needs. """ timestamp = str(int(time.time())) value = base64.b64encode(value) signature = LilCookies._signature_from_secret(cookie_secret, name, value, timestamp) return "|".join([value, timestamp, signature]) @staticmethod def _verified_cookie_value(cookie_secret, name, signed_value): """Returns the un-encrypted value given the signed value if it validates, or None.""" value = signed_value if not value: return None parts = value.split("|") if len(parts) != 3: return None signature = LilCookies._signature_from_secret(cookie_secret, name, parts[0], parts[1]) if not LilCookies._time_independent_equals(parts[2], signature): logging.warning("Invalid cookie signature %r", value) return None timestamp = int(parts[1]) if timestamp < time.time() - 31 * 86400: logging.warning("Expired cookie %r", value) return None try: return base64.b64decode(parts[0]) except: return None def __init__(self, handler, cookie_secret): """You must specify the cookie_secret to use any of the secure methods. It should be a long, random sequence of bytes to be used as the HMAC secret for the signature. """ if len(cookie_secret) < 45: raise ValueError("LilCookies cookie_secret should at least be 45 characters long, but got `%s`" % cookie_secret) self.handler = handler self.request = handler.request self.response = handler.response self.cookie_secret = cookie_secret def cookies(self): """A dictionary of Cookie.Morsel objects.""" if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"): self._cookies = Cookie.BaseCookie() if "Cookie" in self.request.headers: try: self._cookies.load(self.request.headers["Cookie"]) except: self.clear_all_cookies() return self._cookies def get_cookie(self, name, default=None): """Gets the value of the cookie with the given name, else default.""" if name in self.cookies(): return self._cookies[name].value return default def set_cookie(self, name, value, domain=None, expires=None, path="/", expires_days=None, **kwargs): """Sets the given cookie name/value with the given options. Additional keyword arguments are set on the Cookie.Morsel directly. See http://docs.python.org/library/cookie.html#morsel-objects for available attributes. """ name = LilCookies._utf8(name) value = LilCookies._utf8(value) if re.search(r"[\x00-\x20]", name + value): # Don't let us accidentally inject bad stuff raise ValueError("Invalid cookie %r: %r" % (name, value)) if not hasattr(self, "_new_cookies"): self._new_cookies = [] new_cookie = Cookie.BaseCookie() self._new_cookies.append(new_cookie) new_cookie[name] = value if domain: new_cookie[name]["domain"] = domain if expires_days is not None and not expires: expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=expires_days) if expires: timestamp = calendar.timegm(expires.utctimetuple()) new_cookie[name]["expires"] = email.utils.formatdate( timestamp, localtime=False, usegmt=True) if path: new_cookie[name]["path"] = path for k, v in kwargs.iteritems(): new_cookie[name][k] = v # The 2 lines below were not in Tornado. Instead, they output all their cookies to the headers at once before a response flush. for vals in new_cookie.values(): self.response.headers._headers.append(('Set-Cookie', vals.OutputString(None))) def clear_cookie(self, name, path="/", domain=None): """Deletes the cookie with the given name.""" expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=365) self.set_cookie(name, value="", path=path, expires=expires, domain=domain) def clear_all_cookies(self): """Deletes all the cookies the user sent with this request.""" for name in self.cookies().iterkeys(): self.clear_cookie(name) def set_secure_cookie(self, name, value, expires_days=30, **kwargs): """Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged. To read a cookie set with this method, use get_secure_cookie(). """ value = LilCookies._signed_cookie_value(self.cookie_secret, name, value) self.set_cookie(name, value, expires_days=expires_days, **kwargs) def get_secure_cookie(self, name, value=None): """Returns the given signed cookie if it validates, or None.""" if value is None: value = self.get_cookie(name) return LilCookies._verified_cookie_value(self.cookie_secret, name, value) def _cookie_signature(self, *parts): return LilCookies._signature_from_secret(self.cookie_secret)
Python
# Copyright (C) 2007 Joe Gregorio # # Licensed under the MIT License """MIME-Type Parser This module provides basic functions for handling mime-types. It can handle matching mime-types against a list of media-ranges. See section 14.1 of the HTTP specification [RFC 2616] for a complete explanation. http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.1 Contents: - parse_mime_type(): Parses a mime-type into its component parts. - parse_media_range(): Media-ranges are mime-types with wild-cards and a 'q' quality parameter. - quality(): Determines the quality ('q') of a mime-type when compared against a list of media-ranges. - quality_parsed(): Just like quality() except the second parameter must be pre-parsed. - best_match(): Choose the mime-type with the highest quality ('q') from a list of candidates. """ __version__ = '0.1.3' __author__ = 'Joe Gregorio' __email__ = 'joe@bitworking.org' __license__ = 'MIT License' __credits__ = '' def parse_mime_type(mime_type): """Parses a mime-type into its component parts. Carves up a mime-type and returns a tuple of the (type, subtype, params) where 'params' is a dictionary of all the parameters for the media range. For example, the media range 'application/xhtml;q=0.5' would get parsed into: ('application', 'xhtml', {'q', '0.5'}) """ parts = mime_type.split(';') params = dict([tuple([s.strip() for s in param.split('=', 1)])\ for param in parts[1:] ]) full_type = parts[0].strip() # Java URLConnection class sends an Accept header that includes a # single '*'. Turn it into a legal wildcard. if full_type == '*': full_type = '*/*' (type, subtype) = full_type.split('/') return (type.strip(), subtype.strip(), params) def parse_media_range(range): """Parse a media-range into its component parts. Carves up a media range and returns a tuple of the (type, subtype, params) where 'params' is a dictionary of all the parameters for the media range. For example, the media range 'application/*;q=0.5' would get parsed into: ('application', '*', {'q', '0.5'}) In addition this function also guarantees that there is a value for 'q' in the params dictionary, filling it in with a proper default if necessary. """ (type, subtype, params) = parse_mime_type(range) if not params.has_key('q') or not params['q'] or \ not float(params['q']) or float(params['q']) > 1\ or float(params['q']) < 0: params['q'] = '1' return (type, subtype, params) def fitness_and_quality_parsed(mime_type, parsed_ranges): """Find the best match for a mime-type amongst parsed media-ranges. Find the best match for a given mime-type against a list of media_ranges that have already been parsed by parse_media_range(). Returns a tuple of the fitness value and the value of the 'q' quality parameter of the best match, or (-1, 0) if no match was found. Just as for quality_parsed(), 'parsed_ranges' must be a list of parsed media ranges. """ best_fitness = -1 best_fit_q = 0 (target_type, target_subtype, target_params) =\ parse_media_range(mime_type) for (type, subtype, params) in parsed_ranges: type_match = (type == target_type or\ type == '*' or\ target_type == '*') subtype_match = (subtype == target_subtype or\ subtype == '*' or\ target_subtype == '*') if type_match and subtype_match: param_matches = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, [1 for (key, value) in \ target_params.iteritems() if key != 'q' and \ params.has_key(key) and value == params[key]], 0) fitness = (type == target_type) and 100 or 0 fitness += (subtype == target_subtype) and 10 or 0 fitness += param_matches if fitness > best_fitness: best_fitness = fitness best_fit_q = params['q'] return best_fitness, float(best_fit_q) def quality_parsed(mime_type, parsed_ranges): """Find the best match for a mime-type amongst parsed media-ranges. Find the best match for a given mime-type against a list of media_ranges that have already been parsed by parse_media_range(). Returns the 'q' quality parameter of the best match, 0 if no match was found. This function bahaves the same as quality() except that 'parsed_ranges' must be a list of parsed media ranges. """ return fitness_and_quality_parsed(mime_type, parsed_ranges)[1] def quality(mime_type, ranges): """Return the quality ('q') of a mime-type against a list of media-ranges. Returns the quality 'q' of a mime-type when compared against the media-ranges in ranges. For example: >>> quality('text/html','text/*;q=0.3, text/html;q=0.7, text/html;level=1, text/html;level=2;q=0.4, */*;q=0.5') 0.7 """ parsed_ranges = [parse_media_range(r) for r in ranges.split(',')] return quality_parsed(mime_type, parsed_ranges) def best_match(supported, header): """Return mime-type with the highest quality ('q') from list of candidates. Takes a list of supported mime-types and finds the best match for all the media-ranges listed in header. The value of header must be a string that conforms to the format of the HTTP Accept: header. The value of 'supported' is a list of mime-types. The list of supported mime-types should be sorted in order of increasing desirability, in case of a situation where there is a tie. >>> best_match(['application/xbel+xml', 'text/xml'], 'text/*;q=0.5,*/*; q=0.1') 'text/xml' """ split_header = _filter_blank(header.split(',')) parsed_header = [parse_media_range(r) for r in split_header] weighted_matches = [] pos = 0 for mime_type in supported: weighted_matches.append((fitness_and_quality_parsed(mime_type, parsed_header), pos, mime_type)) pos += 1 weighted_matches.sort() return weighted_matches[-1][0][1] and weighted_matches[-1][2] or '' def _filter_blank(i): for s in i: if s.strip(): yield s
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Classes to encapsulate a single HTTP request. The classes implement a command pattern, with every object supporting an execute() method that does the actuall HTTP request. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' __all__ = [ 'HttpRequest', 'RequestMockBuilder', 'HttpMock' 'set_user_agent', 'tunnel_patch' ] import StringIO import copy import gzip import httplib2 import mimeparse import mimetypes import os import urllib import urlparse import uuid from anyjson import simplejson from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart from email.parser import FeedParser from errors import BatchError from errors import HttpError from errors import ResumableUploadError from errors import UnexpectedBodyError from errors import UnexpectedMethodError from model import JsonModel class MediaUploadProgress(object): """Status of a resumable upload.""" def __init__(self, resumable_progress, total_size): """Constructor. Args: resumable_progress: int, bytes sent so far. total_size: int, total bytes in complete upload. """ self.resumable_progress = resumable_progress self.total_size = total_size def progress(self): """Percent of upload completed, as a float.""" return float(self.resumable_progress) / float(self.total_size) class MediaUpload(object): """Describes a media object to upload. Base class that defines the interface of MediaUpload subclasses. """ def getbytes(self, begin, end): raise NotImplementedError() def size(self): raise NotImplementedError() def chunksize(self): raise NotImplementedError() def mimetype(self): return 'application/octet-stream' def resumable(self): return False def _to_json(self, strip=None): """Utility function for creating a JSON representation of a MediaUpload. Args: strip: array, An array of names of members to not include in the JSON. Returns: string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to from_json(). """ t = type(self) d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) if strip is not None: for member in strip: del d[member] d['_class'] = t.__name__ d['_module'] = t.__module__ return simplejson.dumps(d) def to_json(self): """Create a JSON representation of an instance of MediaUpload. Returns: string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to from_json(). """ return self._to_json() @classmethod def new_from_json(cls, s): """Utility class method to instantiate a MediaUpload subclass from a JSON representation produced by to_json(). Args: s: string, JSON from to_json(). Returns: An instance of the subclass of MediaUpload that was serialized with to_json(). """ data = simplejson.loads(s) # Find and call the right classmethod from_json() to restore the object. module = data['_module'] m = __import__(module, fromlist=module.split('.')[:-1]) kls = getattr(m, data['_class']) from_json = getattr(kls, 'from_json') return from_json(s) class MediaFileUpload(MediaUpload): """A MediaUpload for a file. Construct a MediaFileUpload and pass as the media_body parameter of the method. For example, if we had a service that allowed uploading images: media = MediaFileUpload('smiley.png', mimetype='image/png', chunksize=1000, resumable=True) service.objects().insert( bucket=buckets['items'][0]['id'], name='smiley.png', media_body=media).execute() """ def __init__(self, filename, mimetype=None, chunksize=10000, resumable=False): """Constructor. Args: filename: string, Name of the file. mimetype: string, Mime-type of the file. If None then a mime-type will be guessed from the file extension. chunksize: int, File will be uploaded in chunks of this many bytes. Only used if resumable=True. resumable: bool, True if this is a resumable upload. False means upload in a single request. """ self._filename = filename self._size = os.path.getsize(filename) self._fd = None if mimetype is None: (mimetype, encoding) = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) self._mimetype = mimetype self._chunksize = chunksize self._resumable = resumable def mimetype(self): return self._mimetype def size(self): return self._size def chunksize(self): return self._chunksize def resumable(self): return self._resumable def getbytes(self, begin, length): """Get bytes from the media. Args: begin: int, offset from beginning of file. length: int, number of bytes to read, starting at begin. Returns: A string of bytes read. May be shorted than length if EOF was reached first. """ if self._fd is None: self._fd = open(self._filename, 'rb') self._fd.seek(begin) return self._fd.read(length) def to_json(self): """Creating a JSON representation of an instance of Credentials. Returns: string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to from_json(). """ return self._to_json(['_fd']) @staticmethod def from_json(s): d = simplejson.loads(s) return MediaFileUpload( d['_filename'], d['_mimetype'], d['_chunksize'], d['_resumable']) class HttpRequest(object): """Encapsulates a single HTTP request.""" def __init__(self, http, postproc, uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, methodId=None, resumable=None): """Constructor for an HttpRequest. Args: http: httplib2.Http, the transport object to use to make a request postproc: callable, called on the HTTP response and content to transform it into a data object before returning, or raising an exception on an error. uri: string, the absolute URI to send the request to method: string, the HTTP method to use body: string, the request body of the HTTP request, headers: dict, the HTTP request headers methodId: string, a unique identifier for the API method being called. resumable: MediaUpload, None if this is not a resumbale request. """ self.uri = uri self.method = method self.body = body self.headers = headers or {} self.methodId = methodId self.http = http self.postproc = postproc self.resumable = resumable # Pull the multipart boundary out of the content-type header. major, minor, params = mimeparse.parse_mime_type( headers.get('content-type', 'application/json')) # Terminating multipart boundary get a trailing '--' appended. self.multipart_boundary = params.get('boundary', '').strip('"') + '--' # If this was a multipart resumable, the size of the non-media part. self.multipart_size = 0 # The resumable URI to send chunks to. self.resumable_uri = None # The bytes that have been uploaded. self.resumable_progress = 0 self.total_size = 0 if resumable is not None: if self.body is not None: self.multipart_size = len(self.body) else: self.multipart_size = 0 self.total_size = ( self.resumable.size() + self.multipart_size + len(self.multipart_boundary)) def execute(self, http=None): """Execute the request. Args: http: httplib2.Http, an http object to be used in place of the one the HttpRequest request object was constructed with. Returns: A deserialized object model of the response body as determined by the postproc. Raises: apiclient.errors.HttpError if the response was not a 2xx. httplib2.Error if a transport error has occured. """ if http is None: http = self.http if self.resumable: body = None while body is None: _, body = self.next_chunk(http) return body else: resp, content = http.request(self.uri, self.method, body=self.body, headers=self.headers) if resp.status >= 300: raise HttpError(resp, content, self.uri) return self.postproc(resp, content) def next_chunk(self, http=None): """Execute the next step of a resumable upload. Can only be used if the method being executed supports media uploads and the MediaUpload object passed in was flagged as using resumable upload. Example: media = MediaFileUpload('smiley.png', mimetype='image/png', chunksize=1000, resumable=True) request = service.objects().insert( bucket=buckets['items'][0]['id'], name='smiley.png', media_body=media) response = None while response is None: status, response = request.next_chunk() if status: print "Upload %d%% complete." % int(status.progress() * 100) Returns: (status, body): (ResumableMediaStatus, object) The body will be None until the resumable media is fully uploaded. """ if http is None: http = self.http if self.resumable_uri is None: start_headers = copy.copy(self.headers) start_headers['X-Upload-Content-Type'] = self.resumable.mimetype() start_headers['X-Upload-Content-Length'] = str(self.resumable.size()) start_headers['Content-Length'] = '0' resp, content = http.request(self.uri, self.method, body="", headers=start_headers) if resp.status == 200 and 'location' in resp: self.resumable_uri = resp['location'] else: raise ResumableUploadError("Failed to retrieve starting URI.") if self.body: begin = 0 data = self.body else: begin = self.resumable_progress - self.multipart_size data = self.resumable.getbytes(begin, self.resumable.chunksize()) # Tack on the multipart/related boundary if we are at the end of the file. if begin + self.resumable.chunksize() >= self.resumable.size(): data += self.multipart_boundary headers = { 'Content-Range': 'bytes %d-%d/%d' % ( self.resumable_progress, self.resumable_progress + len(data) - 1, self.total_size), } resp, content = http.request(self.resumable_uri, 'PUT', body=data, headers=headers) if resp.status in [200, 201]: return None, self.postproc(resp, content) elif resp.status == 308: # A "308 Resume Incomplete" indicates we are not done. self.resumable_progress = int(resp['range'].split('-')[1]) + 1 if self.resumable_progress >= self.multipart_size: self.body = None if 'location' in resp: self.resumable_uri = resp['location'] else: raise HttpError(resp, content, self.uri) return MediaUploadProgress(self.resumable_progress, self.total_size), None def to_json(self): """Returns a JSON representation of the HttpRequest.""" d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) if d['resumable'] is not None: d['resumable'] = self.resumable.to_json() del d['http'] del d['postproc'] return simplejson.dumps(d) @staticmethod def from_json(s, http, postproc): """Returns an HttpRequest populated with info from a JSON object.""" d = simplejson.loads(s) if d['resumable'] is not None: d['resumable'] = MediaUpload.new_from_json(d['resumable']) return HttpRequest( http, postproc, uri=d['uri'], method=d['method'], body=d['body'], headers=d['headers'], methodId=d['methodId'], resumable=d['resumable']) class BatchHttpRequest(object): """Batches multiple HttpRequest objects into a single HTTP request.""" def __init__(self, callback=None, batch_uri=None): """Constructor for a BatchHttpRequest. Args: callback: callable, A callback to be called for each response, of the form callback(id, response). The first parameter is the request id, and the second is the deserialized response object. batch_uri: string, URI to send batch requests to. """ if batch_uri is None: batch_uri = 'https://www.googleapis.com/batch' self._batch_uri = batch_uri # Global callback to be called for each individual response in the batch. self._callback = callback # A map from id to (request, callback) pairs. self._requests = {} # List of request ids, in the order in which they were added. self._order = [] # The last auto generated id. self._last_auto_id = 0 # Unique ID on which to base the Content-ID headers. self._base_id = None def _id_to_header(self, id_): """Convert an id to a Content-ID header value. Args: id_: string, identifier of individual request. Returns: A Content-ID header with the id_ encoded into it. A UUID is prepended to the value because Content-ID headers are supposed to be universally unique. """ if self._base_id is None: self._base_id = uuid.uuid4() return '<%s+%s>' % (self._base_id, urllib.quote(id_)) def _header_to_id(self, header): """Convert a Content-ID header value to an id. Presumes the Content-ID header conforms to the format that _id_to_header() returns. Args: header: string, Content-ID header value. Returns: The extracted id value. Raises: BatchError if the header is not in the expected format. """ if header[0] != '<' or header[-1] != '>': raise BatchError("Invalid value for Content-ID: %s" % header) if '+' not in header: raise BatchError("Invalid value for Content-ID: %s" % header) base, id_ = header[1:-1].rsplit('+', 1) return urllib.unquote(id_) def _serialize_request(self, request): """Convert an HttpRequest object into a string. Args: request: HttpRequest, the request to serialize. Returns: The request as a string in application/http format. """ # Construct status line parsed = urlparse.urlparse(request.uri) request_line = urlparse.urlunparse( (None, None, parsed.path, parsed.params, parsed.query, None) ) status_line = request.method + ' ' + request_line + ' HTTP/1.1\n' major, minor = request.headers.get('content-type', 'text/plain').split('/') msg = MIMENonMultipart(major, minor) headers = request.headers.copy() # MIMENonMultipart adds its own Content-Type header. if 'content-type' in headers: del headers['content-type'] for key, value in headers.iteritems(): msg[key] = value msg['Host'] = parsed.netloc msg.set_unixfrom(None) if request.body is not None: msg.set_payload(request.body) body = msg.as_string(False) # Strip off the \n\n that the MIME lib tacks onto the end of the payload. if request.body is None: body = body[:-2] return status_line + body def _deserialize_response(self, payload): """Convert string into httplib2 response and content. Args: payload: string, headers and body as a string. Returns: A pair (resp, content) like would be returned from httplib2.request. """ # Strip off the status line status_line, payload = payload.split('\n', 1) protocol, status, reason = status_line.split(' ') # Parse the rest of the response parser = FeedParser() parser.feed(payload) msg = parser.close() msg['status'] = status # Create httplib2.Response from the parsed headers. resp = httplib2.Response(msg) resp.reason = reason resp.version = int(protocol.split('/', 1)[1].replace('.', '')) content = payload.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)[1] return resp, content def _new_id(self): """Create a new id. Auto incrementing number that avoids conflicts with ids already used. Returns: string, a new unique id. """ self._last_auto_id += 1 while str(self._last_auto_id) in self._requests: self._last_auto_id += 1 return str(self._last_auto_id) def add(self, request, callback=None, request_id=None): """Add a new request. Every callback added will be paired with a unique id, the request_id. That unique id will be passed back to the callback when the response comes back from the server. The default behavior is to have the library generate it's own unique id. If the caller passes in a request_id then they must ensure uniqueness for each request_id, and if they are not an exception is raised. Callers should either supply all request_ids or nevery supply a request id, to avoid such an error. Args: request: HttpRequest, Request to add to the batch. callback: callable, A callback to be called for this response, of the form callback(id, response). The first parameter is the request id, and the second is the deserialized response object. request_id: string, A unique id for the request. The id will be passed to the callback with the response. Returns: None Raises: BatchError if a resumable request is added to a batch. KeyError is the request_id is not unique. """ if request_id is None: request_id = self._new_id() if request.resumable is not None: raise BatchError("Resumable requests cannot be used in a batch request.") if request_id in self._requests: raise KeyError("A request with this ID already exists: %s" % request_id) self._requests[request_id] = (request, callback) self._order.append(request_id) def execute(self, http=None): """Execute all the requests as a single batched HTTP request. Args: http: httplib2.Http, an http object to be used in place of the one the HttpRequest request object was constructed with. If one isn't supplied then use a http object from the requests in this batch. Returns: None Raises: apiclient.errors.HttpError if the response was not a 2xx. httplib2.Error if a transport error has occured. """ if http is None: for request_id in self._order: request, callback = self._requests[request_id] if request is not None: http = request.http break if http is None: raise ValueError("Missing a valid http object.") msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('mixed') # msgRoot should not write out it's own headers setattr(msgRoot, '_write_headers', lambda self: None) # Add all the individual requests. for request_id in self._order: request, callback = self._requests[request_id] msg = MIMENonMultipart('application', 'http') msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = 'binary' msg['Content-ID'] = self._id_to_header(request_id) body = self._serialize_request(request) msg.set_payload(body) msgRoot.attach(msg) body = msgRoot.as_string() headers = {} headers['content-type'] = ('multipart/mixed; ' 'boundary="%s"') % msgRoot.get_boundary() resp, content = http.request(self._batch_uri, 'POST', body=body, headers=headers) if resp.status >= 300: raise HttpError(resp, content, self._batch_uri) # Now break up the response and process each one with the correct postproc # and trigger the right callbacks. boundary, _ = content.split(None, 1) # Prepend with a content-type header so FeedParser can handle it. header = 'Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n' % resp['content-type'] content = header + content parser = FeedParser() parser.feed(content) respRoot = parser.close() if not respRoot.is_multipart(): raise BatchError("Response not in multipart/mixed format.") parts = respRoot.get_payload() for part in parts: request_id = self._header_to_id(part['Content-ID']) headers, content = self._deserialize_response(part.get_payload()) # TODO(jcgregorio) Remove this temporary hack once the server stops # gzipping individual response bodies. if content[0] != '{': gzipped_content = content content = gzip.GzipFile( fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(gzipped_content)).read() request, cb = self._requests[request_id] postproc = request.postproc response = postproc(resp, content) if cb is not None: cb(request_id, response) if self._callback is not None: self._callback(request_id, response) class HttpRequestMock(object): """Mock of HttpRequest. Do not construct directly, instead use RequestMockBuilder. """ def __init__(self, resp, content, postproc): """Constructor for HttpRequestMock Args: resp: httplib2.Response, the response to emulate coming from the request content: string, the response body postproc: callable, the post processing function usually supplied by the model class. See model.JsonModel.response() as an example. """ self.resp = resp self.content = content self.postproc = postproc if resp is None: self.resp = httplib2.Response({'status': 200, 'reason': 'OK'}) if 'reason' in self.resp: self.resp.reason = self.resp['reason'] def execute(self, http=None): """Execute the request. Same behavior as HttpRequest.execute(), but the response is mocked and not really from an HTTP request/response. """ return self.postproc(self.resp, self.content) class RequestMockBuilder(object): """A simple mock of HttpRequest Pass in a dictionary to the constructor that maps request methodIds to tuples of (httplib2.Response, content, opt_expected_body) that should be returned when that method is called. None may also be passed in for the httplib2.Response, in which case a 200 OK response will be generated. If an opt_expected_body (str or dict) is provided, it will be compared to the body and UnexpectedBodyError will be raised on inequality. Example: response = '{"data": {"id": "tag:google.c...' requestBuilder = RequestMockBuilder( { 'plus.activities.get': (None, response), } ) apiclient.discovery.build("plus", "v1", requestBuilder=requestBuilder) Methods that you do not supply a response for will return a 200 OK with an empty string as the response content or raise an excpetion if check_unexpected is set to True. The methodId is taken from the rpcName in the discovery document. For more details see the project wiki. """ def __init__(self, responses, check_unexpected=False): """Constructor for RequestMockBuilder The constructed object should be a callable object that can replace the class HttpResponse. responses - A dictionary that maps methodIds into tuples of (httplib2.Response, content). The methodId comes from the 'rpcName' field in the discovery document. check_unexpected - A boolean setting whether or not UnexpectedMethodError should be raised on unsupplied method. """ self.responses = responses self.check_unexpected = check_unexpected def __call__(self, http, postproc, uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, methodId=None, resumable=None): """Implements the callable interface that discovery.build() expects of requestBuilder, which is to build an object compatible with HttpRequest.execute(). See that method for the description of the parameters and the expected response. """ if methodId in self.responses: response = self.responses[methodId] resp, content = response[:2] if len(response) > 2: # Test the body against the supplied expected_body. expected_body = response[2] if bool(expected_body) != bool(body): # Not expecting a body and provided one # or expecting a body and not provided one. raise UnexpectedBodyError(expected_body, body) if isinstance(expected_body, str): expected_body = simplejson.loads(expected_body) body = simplejson.loads(body) if body != expected_body: raise UnexpectedBodyError(expected_body, body) return HttpRequestMock(resp, content, postproc) elif self.check_unexpected: raise UnexpectedMethodError(methodId) else: model = JsonModel(False) return HttpRequestMock(None, '{}', model.response) class HttpMock(object): """Mock of httplib2.Http""" def __init__(self, filename, headers=None): """ Args: filename: string, absolute filename to read response from headers: dict, header to return with response """ if headers is None: headers = {'status': '200 OK'} f = file(filename, 'r') self.data = f.read() f.close() self.headers = headers def request(self, uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=1, connection_type=None): return httplib2.Response(self.headers), self.data class HttpMockSequence(object): """Mock of httplib2.Http Mocks a sequence of calls to request returning different responses for each call. Create an instance initialized with the desired response headers and content and then use as if an httplib2.Http instance. http = HttpMockSequence([ ({'status': '401'}, ''), ({'status': '200'}, '{"access_token":"1/3w","expires_in":3600}'), ({'status': '200'}, 'echo_request_headers'), ]) resp, content = http.request("http://examples.com") There are special values you can pass in for content to trigger behavours that are helpful in testing. 'echo_request_headers' means return the request headers in the response body 'echo_request_headers_as_json' means return the request headers in the response body 'echo_request_body' means return the request body in the response body 'echo_request_uri' means return the request uri in the response body """ def __init__(self, iterable): """ Args: iterable: iterable, a sequence of pairs of (headers, body) """ self._iterable = iterable def request(self, uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=1, connection_type=None): resp, content = self._iterable.pop(0) if content == 'echo_request_headers': content = headers elif content == 'echo_request_headers_as_json': content = simplejson.dumps(headers) elif content == 'echo_request_body': content = body elif content == 'echo_request_uri': content = uri return httplib2.Response(resp), content def set_user_agent(http, user_agent): """Set the user-agent on every request. Args: http - An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it. user_agent: string, the value for the user-agent header. Returns: A modified instance of http that was passed in. Example: h = httplib2.Http() h = set_user_agent(h, "my-app-name/6.0") Most of the time the user-agent will be set doing auth, this is for the rare cases where you are accessing an unauthenticated endpoint. """ request_orig = http.request # The closure that will replace 'httplib2.Http.request'. def new_request(uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """Modify the request headers to add the user-agent.""" if headers is None: headers = {} if 'user-agent' in headers: headers['user-agent'] = user_agent + ' ' + headers['user-agent'] else: headers['user-agent'] = user_agent resp, content = request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) return resp, content http.request = new_request return http def tunnel_patch(http): """Tunnel PATCH requests over POST. Args: http - An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it. Returns: A modified instance of http that was passed in. Example: h = httplib2.Http() h = tunnel_patch(h, "my-app-name/6.0") Useful if you are running on a platform that doesn't support PATCH. Apply this last if you are using OAuth 1.0, as changing the method will result in a different signature. """ request_orig = http.request # The closure that will replace 'httplib2.Http.request'. def new_request(uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """Modify the request headers to add the user-agent.""" if headers is None: headers = {} if method == 'PATCH': if 'oauth_token' in headers.get('authorization', ''): logging.warning( 'OAuth 1.0 request made with Credentials after tunnel_patch.') headers['x-http-method-override'] = "PATCH" method = 'POST' resp, content = request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) return resp, content http.request = new_request return http
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for OAuth. Utilities for making it easier to work with OAuth. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import copy import httplib2 import logging import oauth2 as oauth import urllib import urlparse from anyjson import simplejson try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class RequestError(Error): """Error occurred during request.""" pass class MissingParameter(Error): pass class CredentialsInvalidError(Error): pass def _abstract(): raise NotImplementedError('You need to override this function') def _oauth_uri(name, discovery, params): """Look up the OAuth URI from the discovery document and add query parameters based on params. name - The name of the OAuth URI to lookup, one of 'request', 'access', or 'authorize'. discovery - Portion of discovery document the describes the OAuth endpoints. params - Dictionary that is used to form the query parameters for the specified URI. """ if name not in ['request', 'access', 'authorize']: raise KeyError(name) keys = discovery[name]['parameters'].keys() query = {} for key in keys: if key in params: query[key] = params[key] return discovery[name]['url'] + '?' + urllib.urlencode(query) class Credentials(object): """Base class for all Credentials objects. Subclasses must define an authorize() method that applies the credentials to an HTTP transport. """ def authorize(self, http): """Take an httplib2.Http instance (or equivalent) and authorizes it for the set of credentials, usually by replacing http.request() with a method that adds in the appropriate headers and then delegates to the original Http.request() method. """ _abstract() class Flow(object): """Base class for all Flow objects.""" pass class Storage(object): """Base class for all Storage objects. Store and retrieve a single credential. """ def get(self): """Retrieve credential. Returns: apiclient.oauth.Credentials """ _abstract() def put(self, credentials): """Write a credential. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ _abstract() class OAuthCredentials(Credentials): """Credentials object for OAuth 1.0a """ def __init__(self, consumer, token, user_agent): """ consumer - An instance of oauth.Consumer. token - An instance of oauth.Token constructed with the access token and secret. user_agent - The HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. """ self.consumer = consumer self.token = token self.user_agent = user_agent self.store = None # True if the credentials have been revoked self._invalid = False @property def invalid(self): """True if the credentials are invalid, such as being revoked.""" return getattr(self, "_invalid", False) def set_store(self, store): """Set the storage for the credential. Args: store: callable, a callable that when passed a Credential will store the credential back to where it came from. This is needed to store the latest access_token if it has been revoked. """ self.store = store def __getstate__(self): """Trim the state down to something that can be pickled.""" d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) del d['store'] return d def __setstate__(self, state): """Reconstitute the state of the object from being pickled.""" self.__dict__.update(state) self.store = None def authorize(self, http): """Authorize an httplib2.Http instance with these Credentials Args: http - An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it. Returns: A modified instance of http that was passed in. Example: h = httplib2.Http() h = credentials.authorize(h) You can't create a new OAuth subclass of httplib2.Authenication because it never gets passed the absolute URI, which is needed for signing. So instead we have to overload 'request' with a closure that adds in the Authorization header and then calls the original version of 'request()'. """ request_orig = http.request signer = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() # The closure that will replace 'httplib2.Http.request'. def new_request(uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" response_code = 302 http.follow_redirects = False while response_code in [301, 302]: req = oauth.Request.from_consumer_and_token( self.consumer, self.token, http_method=method, http_url=uri) req.sign_request(signer, self.consumer, self.token) if headers is None: headers = {} headers.update(req.to_header()) if 'user-agent' in headers: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent + ' ' + headers['user-agent'] else: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent resp, content = request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) response_code = resp.status if response_code in [301, 302]: uri = resp['location'] # Update the stored credential if it becomes invalid. if response_code == 401: logging.info('Access token no longer valid: %s' % content) self._invalid = True if self.store is not None: self.store(self) raise CredentialsInvalidError("Credentials are no longer valid.") return resp, content http.request = new_request return http class TwoLeggedOAuthCredentials(Credentials): """Two Legged Credentials object for OAuth 1.0a. The Two Legged object is created directly, not from a flow. Once you authorize and httplib2.Http instance you can change the requestor and that change will propogate to the authorized httplib2.Http instance. For example: http = httplib2.Http() http = credentials.authorize(http) credentials.requestor = 'foo@example.info' http.request(...) credentials.requestor = 'bar@example.info' http.request(...) """ def __init__(self, consumer_key, consumer_secret, user_agent): """ Args: consumer_key: string, An OAuth 1.0 consumer key consumer_secret: string, An OAuth 1.0 consumer secret user_agent: string, The HTTP User-Agent to provide for this application. """ self.consumer = oauth.Consumer(consumer_key, consumer_secret) self.user_agent = user_agent self.store = None # email address of the user to act on the behalf of. self._requestor = None @property def invalid(self): """True if the credentials are invalid, such as being revoked. Always returns False for Two Legged Credentials. """ return False def getrequestor(self): return self._requestor def setrequestor(self, email): self._requestor = email requestor = property(getrequestor, setrequestor, None, 'The email address of the user to act on behalf of') def set_store(self, store): """Set the storage for the credential. Args: store: callable, a callable that when passed a Credential will store the credential back to where it came from. This is needed to store the latest access_token if it has been revoked. """ self.store = store def __getstate__(self): """Trim the state down to something that can be pickled.""" d = copy.copy(self.__dict__) del d['store'] return d def __setstate__(self, state): """Reconstitute the state of the object from being pickled.""" self.__dict__.update(state) self.store = None def authorize(self, http): """Authorize an httplib2.Http instance with these Credentials Args: http - An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it. Returns: A modified instance of http that was passed in. Example: h = httplib2.Http() h = credentials.authorize(h) You can't create a new OAuth subclass of httplib2.Authenication because it never gets passed the absolute URI, which is needed for signing. So instead we have to overload 'request' with a closure that adds in the Authorization header and then calls the original version of 'request()'. """ request_orig = http.request signer = oauth.SignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1() # The closure that will replace 'httplib2.Http.request'. def new_request(uri, method='GET', body=None, headers=None, redirections=httplib2.DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" response_code = 302 http.follow_redirects = False while response_code in [301, 302]: # add in xoauth_requestor_id=self._requestor to the uri if self._requestor is None: raise MissingParameter( 'Requestor must be set before using TwoLeggedOAuthCredentials') parsed = list(urlparse.urlparse(uri)) q = parse_qsl(parsed[4]) q.append(('xoauth_requestor_id', self._requestor)) parsed[4] = urllib.urlencode(q) uri = urlparse.urlunparse(parsed) req = oauth.Request.from_consumer_and_token( self.consumer, None, http_method=method, http_url=uri) req.sign_request(signer, self.consumer, None) if headers is None: headers = {} headers.update(req.to_header()) if 'user-agent' in headers: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent + ' ' + headers['user-agent'] else: headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent resp, content = request_orig(uri, method, body, headers, redirections, connection_type) response_code = resp.status if response_code in [301, 302]: uri = resp['location'] if response_code == 401: logging.info('Access token no longer valid: %s' % content) # Do not store the invalid state of the Credentials because # being 2LO they could be reinstated in the future. raise CredentialsInvalidError("Credentials are invalid.") return resp, content http.request = new_request return http class FlowThreeLegged(Flow): """Does the Three Legged Dance for OAuth 1.0a. """ def __init__(self, discovery, consumer_key, consumer_secret, user_agent, **kwargs): """ discovery - Section of the API discovery document that describes the OAuth endpoints. consumer_key - OAuth consumer key consumer_secret - OAuth consumer secret user_agent - The HTTP User-Agent that identifies the application. **kwargs - The keyword arguments are all optional and required parameters for the OAuth calls. """ self.discovery = discovery self.consumer_key = consumer_key self.consumer_secret = consumer_secret self.user_agent = user_agent self.params = kwargs self.request_token = {} required = {} for uriinfo in discovery.itervalues(): for name, value in uriinfo['parameters'].iteritems(): if value['required'] and not name.startswith('oauth_'): required[name] = 1 for key in required.iterkeys(): if key not in self.params: raise MissingParameter('Required parameter %s not supplied' % key) def step1_get_authorize_url(self, oauth_callback='oob'): """Returns a URI to redirect to the provider. oauth_callback - Either the string 'oob' for a non-web-based application, or a URI that handles the callback from the authorization server. If oauth_callback is 'oob' then pass in the generated verification code to step2_exchange, otherwise pass in the query parameters received at the callback uri to step2_exchange. """ consumer = oauth.Consumer(self.consumer_key, self.consumer_secret) client = oauth.Client(consumer) headers = { 'user-agent': self.user_agent, 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' } body = urllib.urlencode({'oauth_callback': oauth_callback}) uri = _oauth_uri('request', self.discovery, self.params) resp, content = client.request(uri, 'POST', headers=headers, body=body) if resp['status'] != '200': logging.error('Failed to retrieve temporary authorization: %s', content) raise RequestError('Invalid response %s.' % resp['status']) self.request_token = dict(parse_qsl(content)) auth_params = copy.copy(self.params) auth_params['oauth_token'] = self.request_token['oauth_token'] return _oauth_uri('authorize', self.discovery, auth_params) def step2_exchange(self, verifier): """Exhanges an authorized request token for OAuthCredentials. Args: verifier: string, dict - either the verifier token, or a dictionary of the query parameters to the callback, which contains the oauth_verifier. Returns: The Credentials object. """ if not (isinstance(verifier, str) or isinstance(verifier, unicode)): verifier = verifier['oauth_verifier'] token = oauth.Token( self.request_token['oauth_token'], self.request_token['oauth_token_secret']) token.set_verifier(verifier) consumer = oauth.Consumer(self.consumer_key, self.consumer_secret) client = oauth.Client(consumer, token) headers = { 'user-agent': self.user_agent, 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' } uri = _oauth_uri('access', self.discovery, self.params) resp, content = client.request(uri, 'POST', headers=headers) if resp['status'] != '200': logging.error('Failed to retrieve access token: %s', content) raise RequestError('Invalid response %s.' % resp['status']) oauth_params = dict(parse_qsl(content)) token = oauth.Token( oauth_params['oauth_token'], oauth_params['oauth_token_secret']) return OAuthCredentials(consumer, token, self.user_agent)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Model objects for requests and responses. Each API may support one or more serializations, such as JSON, Atom, etc. The model classes are responsible for converting between the wire format and the Python object representation. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import gflags import logging import urllib from anyjson import simplejson from errors import HttpError FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS gflags.DEFINE_boolean('dump_request_response', False, 'Dump all http server requests and responses. ' ) def _abstract(): raise NotImplementedError('You need to override this function') class Model(object): """Model base class. All Model classes should implement this interface. The Model serializes and de-serializes between a wire format such as JSON and a Python object representation. """ def request(self, headers, path_params, query_params, body_value): """Updates outgoing requests with a serialized body. Args: headers: dict, request headers path_params: dict, parameters that appear in the request path query_params: dict, parameters that appear in the query body_value: object, the request body as a Python object, which must be serializable. Returns: A tuple of (headers, path_params, query, body) headers: dict, request headers path_params: dict, parameters that appear in the request path query: string, query part of the request URI body: string, the body serialized in the desired wire format. """ _abstract() def response(self, resp, content): """Convert the response wire format into a Python object. Args: resp: httplib2.Response, the HTTP response headers and status content: string, the body of the HTTP response Returns: The body de-serialized as a Python object. Raises: apiclient.errors.HttpError if a non 2xx response is received. """ _abstract() class BaseModel(Model): """Base model class. Subclasses should provide implementations for the "serialize" and "deserialize" methods, as well as values for the following class attributes. Attributes: accept: The value to use for the HTTP Accept header. content_type: The value to use for the HTTP Content-type header. no_content_response: The value to return when deserializing a 204 "No Content" response. alt_param: The value to supply as the "alt" query parameter for requests. """ accept = None content_type = None no_content_response = None alt_param = None def _log_request(self, headers, path_params, query, body): """Logs debugging information about the request if requested.""" if FLAGS.dump_request_response: logging.info('--request-start--') logging.info('-headers-start-') for h, v in headers.iteritems(): logging.info('%s: %s', h, v) logging.info('-headers-end-') logging.info('-path-parameters-start-') for h, v in path_params.iteritems(): logging.info('%s: %s', h, v) logging.info('-path-parameters-end-') logging.info('body: %s', body) logging.info('query: %s', query) logging.info('--request-end--') def request(self, headers, path_params, query_params, body_value): """Updates outgoing requests with a serialized body. Args: headers: dict, request headers path_params: dict, parameters that appear in the request path query_params: dict, parameters that appear in the query body_value: object, the request body as a Python object, which must be serializable by simplejson. Returns: A tuple of (headers, path_params, query, body) headers: dict, request headers path_params: dict, parameters that appear in the request path query: string, query part of the request URI body: string, the body serialized as JSON """ query = self._build_query(query_params) headers['accept'] = self.accept headers['accept-encoding'] = 'gzip, deflate' if 'user-agent' in headers: headers['user-agent'] += ' ' else: headers['user-agent'] = '' headers['user-agent'] += 'google-api-python-client/1.0' if body_value is not None: headers['content-type'] = self.content_type body_value = self.serialize(body_value) self._log_request(headers, path_params, query, body_value) return (headers, path_params, query, body_value) def _build_query(self, params): """Builds a query string. Args: params: dict, the query parameters Returns: The query parameters properly encoded into an HTTP URI query string. """ if self.alt_param is not None: params.update({'alt': self.alt_param}) astuples = [] for key, value in params.iteritems(): if type(value) == type([]): for x in value: x = x.encode('utf-8') astuples.append((key, x)) else: if getattr(value, 'encode', False) and callable(value.encode): value = value.encode('utf-8') astuples.append((key, value)) return '?' + urllib.urlencode(astuples) def _log_response(self, resp, content): """Logs debugging information about the response if requested.""" if FLAGS.dump_request_response: logging.info('--response-start--') for h, v in resp.iteritems(): logging.info('%s: %s', h, v) if content: logging.info(content) logging.info('--response-end--') def response(self, resp, content): """Convert the response wire format into a Python object. Args: resp: httplib2.Response, the HTTP response headers and status content: string, the body of the HTTP response Returns: The body de-serialized as a Python object. Raises: apiclient.errors.HttpError if a non 2xx response is received. """ self._log_response(resp, content) # Error handling is TBD, for example, do we retry # for some operation/error combinations? if resp.status < 300: if resp.status == 204: # A 204: No Content response should be treated differently # to all the other success states return self.no_content_response return self.deserialize(content) else: logging.debug('Content from bad request was: %s' % content) raise HttpError(resp, content) def serialize(self, body_value): """Perform the actual Python object serialization. Args: body_value: object, the request body as a Python object. Returns: string, the body in serialized form. """ _abstract() def deserialize(self, content): """Perform the actual deserialization from response string to Python object. Args: content: string, the body of the HTTP response Returns: The body de-serialized as a Python object. """ _abstract() class JsonModel(BaseModel): """Model class for JSON. Serializes and de-serializes between JSON and the Python object representation of HTTP request and response bodies. """ accept = 'application/json' content_type = 'application/json' alt_param = 'json' def __init__(self, data_wrapper=False): """Construct a JsonModel. Args: data_wrapper: boolean, wrap requests and responses in a data wrapper """ self._data_wrapper = data_wrapper def serialize(self, body_value): if (isinstance(body_value, dict) and 'data' not in body_value and self._data_wrapper): body_value = {'data': body_value} return simplejson.dumps(body_value) def deserialize(self, content): body = simplejson.loads(content) if isinstance(body, dict) and 'data' in body: body = body['data'] return body @property def no_content_response(self): return {} class RawModel(JsonModel): """Model class for requests that don't return JSON. Serializes and de-serializes between JSON and the Python object representation of HTTP request, and returns the raw bytes of the response body. """ accept = '*/*' content_type = 'application/json' alt_param = None def deserialize(self, content): return content @property def no_content_response(self): return '' class ProtocolBufferModel(BaseModel): """Model class for protocol buffers. Serializes and de-serializes the binary protocol buffer sent in the HTTP request and response bodies. """ accept = 'application/x-protobuf' content_type = 'application/x-protobuf' alt_param = 'proto' def __init__(self, protocol_buffer): """Constructs a ProtocolBufferModel. The serialzed protocol buffer returned in an HTTP response will be de-serialized using the given protocol buffer class. Args: protocol_buffer: The protocol buffer class used to de-serialize a response from the API. """ self._protocol_buffer = protocol_buffer def serialize(self, body_value): return body_value.SerializeToString() def deserialize(self, content): return self._protocol_buffer.FromString(content) @property def no_content_response(self): return self._protocol_buffer() def makepatch(original, modified): """Create a patch object. Some methods support PATCH, an efficient way to send updates to a resource. This method allows the easy construction of patch bodies by looking at the differences between a resource before and after it was modified. Args: original: object, the original deserialized resource modified: object, the modified deserialized resource Returns: An object that contains only the changes from original to modified, in a form suitable to pass to a PATCH method. Example usage: item = service.activities().get(postid=postid, userid=userid).execute() original = copy.deepcopy(item) item['object']['content'] = 'This is updated.' service.activities.patch(postid=postid, userid=userid, body=makepatch(original, item)).execute() """ patch = {} for key, original_value in original.iteritems(): modified_value = modified.get(key, None) if modified_value is None: # Use None to signal that the element is deleted patch[key] = None elif original_value != modified_value: if type(original_value) == type({}): # Recursively descend objects patch[key] = makepatch(original_value, modified_value) else: # In the case of simple types or arrays we just replace patch[key] = modified_value else: # Don't add anything to patch if there's no change pass for key in modified: if key not in original: patch[key] = modified[key] return patch
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Client for discovery based APIs A client library for Google's discovery based APIs. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' __all__ = [ 'build', 'build_from_document' ] import copy import httplib2 import logging import os import random import re import uritemplate import urllib import urlparse import mimeparse import mimetypes try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl from apiclient.anyjson import simplejson from apiclient.errors import HttpError from apiclient.errors import InvalidJsonError from apiclient.errors import MediaUploadSizeError from apiclient.errors import UnacceptableMimeTypeError from apiclient.errors import UnknownApiNameOrVersion from apiclient.errors import UnknownLinkType from apiclient.http import HttpRequest from apiclient.http import MediaFileUpload from apiclient.http import MediaUpload from apiclient.model import JsonModel from apiclient.model import RawModel from apiclient.schema import Schemas from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart URITEMPLATE = re.compile('{[^}]*}') VARNAME = re.compile('[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+') DISCOVERY_URI = ('https://www.googleapis.com/discovery/v1/apis/' '{api}/{apiVersion}/rest') DEFAULT_METHOD_DOC = 'A description of how to use this function' # Query parameters that work, but don't appear in discovery STACK_QUERY_PARAMETERS = ['trace', 'fields', 'pp', 'prettyPrint', 'userIp', 'userip', 'strict'] RESERVED_WORDS = ['and', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while' ] def _fix_method_name(name): if name in RESERVED_WORDS: return name + '_' else: return name def _write_headers(self): # Utility no-op method for multipart media handling pass def _add_query_parameter(url, name, value): """Adds a query parameter to a url Args: url: string, url to add the query parameter to. name: string, query parameter name. value: string, query parameter value. Returns: Updated query parameter. Does not update the url if value is None. """ if value is None: return url else: parsed = list(urlparse.urlparse(url)) q = parse_qsl(parsed[4]) q.append((name, value)) parsed[4] = urllib.urlencode(q) return urlparse.urlunparse(parsed) def key2param(key): """Converts key names into parameter names. For example, converting "max-results" -> "max_results" """ result = [] key = list(key) if not key[0].isalpha(): result.append('x') for c in key: if c.isalnum(): result.append(c) else: result.append('_') return ''.join(result) def build(serviceName, version, http=None, discoveryServiceUrl=DISCOVERY_URI, developerKey=None, model=None, requestBuilder=HttpRequest): """Construct a Resource for interacting with an API. Construct a Resource object for interacting with an API. The serviceName and version are the names from the Discovery service. Args: serviceName: string, name of the service version: string, the version of the service discoveryServiceUrl: string, a URI Template that points to the location of the discovery service. It should have two parameters {api} and {apiVersion} that when filled in produce an absolute URI to the discovery document for that service. developerKey: string, key obtained from https://code.google.com/apis/console model: apiclient.Model, converts to and from the wire format requestBuilder: apiclient.http.HttpRequest, encapsulator for an HTTP request Returns: A Resource object with methods for interacting with the service. """ params = { 'api': serviceName, 'apiVersion': version } if http is None: http = httplib2.Http() requested_url = uritemplate.expand(discoveryServiceUrl, params) # REMOTE_ADDR is defined by the CGI spec [RFC3875] as the environment # variable that contains the network address of the client sending the # request. If it exists then add that to the request for the discovery # document to avoid exceeding the quota on discovery requests. if 'REMOTE_ADDR' in os.environ: requested_url = _add_query_parameter(requested_url, 'userIp', os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR']) logging.info('URL being requested: %s' % requested_url) resp, content = http.request(requested_url) if resp.status == 404: raise UnknownApiNameOrVersion("name: %s version: %s" % (serviceName, version)) if resp.status >= 400: raise HttpError(resp, content, requested_url) try: service = simplejson.loads(content) except ValueError, e: logging.error('Failed to parse as JSON: ' + content) raise InvalidJsonError() filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'contrib', serviceName, 'future.json') try: f = file(filename, 'r') future = f.read() f.close() except IOError: future = None return build_from_document(content, discoveryServiceUrl, future, http, developerKey, model, requestBuilder) def build_from_document( service, base, future=None, http=None, developerKey=None, model=None, requestBuilder=HttpRequest): """Create a Resource for interacting with an API. Same as `build()`, but constructs the Resource object from a discovery document that is it given, as opposed to retrieving one over HTTP. Args: service: string, discovery document base: string, base URI for all HTTP requests, usually the discovery URI future: string, discovery document with future capabilities auth_discovery: dict, information about the authentication the API supports http: httplib2.Http, An instance of httplib2.Http or something that acts like it that HTTP requests will be made through. developerKey: string, Key for controlling API usage, generated from the API Console. model: Model class instance that serializes and de-serializes requests and responses. requestBuilder: Takes an http request and packages it up to be executed. Returns: A Resource object with methods for interacting with the service. """ service = simplejson.loads(service) base = urlparse.urljoin(base, service['basePath']) if future: future = simplejson.loads(future) auth_discovery = future.get('auth', {}) else: future = {} auth_discovery = {} schema = Schemas(service) if model is None: features = service.get('features', []) model = JsonModel('dataWrapper' in features) resource = createResource(http, base, model, requestBuilder, developerKey, service, future, schema) def auth_method(): """Discovery information about the authentication the API uses.""" return auth_discovery setattr(resource, 'auth_discovery', auth_method) return resource def _cast(value, schema_type): """Convert value to a string based on JSON Schema type. See http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zyp-json-schema-03 for more details on JSON Schema. Args: value: any, the value to convert schema_type: string, the type that value should be interpreted as Returns: A string representation of 'value' based on the schema_type. """ if schema_type == 'string': if type(value) == type('') or type(value) == type(u''): return value else: return str(value) elif schema_type == 'integer': return str(int(value)) elif schema_type == 'number': return str(float(value)) elif schema_type == 'boolean': return str(bool(value)).lower() else: if type(value) == type('') or type(value) == type(u''): return value else: return str(value) MULTIPLIERS = { "KB": 2 ** 10, "MB": 2 ** 20, "GB": 2 ** 30, "TB": 2 ** 40, } def _media_size_to_long(maxSize): """Convert a string media size, such as 10GB or 3TB into an integer.""" if len(maxSize) < 2: return 0 units = maxSize[-2:].upper() multiplier = MULTIPLIERS.get(units, 0) if multiplier: return int(maxSize[:-2]) * multiplier else: return int(maxSize) def createResource(http, baseUrl, model, requestBuilder, developerKey, resourceDesc, futureDesc, schema): class Resource(object): """A class for interacting with a resource.""" def __init__(self): self._http = http self._baseUrl = baseUrl self._model = model self._developerKey = developerKey self._requestBuilder = requestBuilder def createMethod(theclass, methodName, methodDesc, futureDesc): methodName = _fix_method_name(methodName) pathUrl = methodDesc['path'] httpMethod = methodDesc['httpMethod'] methodId = methodDesc['id'] mediaPathUrl = None accept = [] maxSize = 0 if 'mediaUpload' in methodDesc: mediaUpload = methodDesc['mediaUpload'] mediaPathUrl = mediaUpload['protocols']['simple']['path'] mediaResumablePathUrl = mediaUpload['protocols']['resumable']['path'] accept = mediaUpload['accept'] maxSize = _media_size_to_long(mediaUpload.get('maxSize', '')) if 'parameters' not in methodDesc: methodDesc['parameters'] = {} for name in STACK_QUERY_PARAMETERS: methodDesc['parameters'][name] = { 'type': 'string', 'location': 'query' } if httpMethod in ['PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH']: methodDesc['parameters']['body'] = { 'description': 'The request body.', 'type': 'object', 'required': True, } if 'request' in methodDesc: methodDesc['parameters']['body'].update(methodDesc['request']) else: methodDesc['parameters']['body']['type'] = 'object' if 'mediaUpload' in methodDesc: methodDesc['parameters']['media_body'] = { 'description': 'The filename of the media request body.', 'type': 'string', 'required': False, } methodDesc['parameters']['body']['required'] = False argmap = {} # Map from method parameter name to query parameter name required_params = [] # Required parameters repeated_params = [] # Repeated parameters pattern_params = {} # Parameters that must match a regex query_params = [] # Parameters that will be used in the query string path_params = {} # Parameters that will be used in the base URL param_type = {} # The type of the parameter enum_params = {} # Allowable enumeration values for each parameter if 'parameters' in methodDesc: for arg, desc in methodDesc['parameters'].iteritems(): param = key2param(arg) argmap[param] = arg if desc.get('pattern', ''): pattern_params[param] = desc['pattern'] if desc.get('enum', ''): enum_params[param] = desc['enum'] if desc.get('required', False): required_params.append(param) if desc.get('repeated', False): repeated_params.append(param) if desc.get('location') == 'query': query_params.append(param) if desc.get('location') == 'path': path_params[param] = param param_type[param] = desc.get('type', 'string') for match in URITEMPLATE.finditer(pathUrl): for namematch in VARNAME.finditer(match.group(0)): name = key2param(namematch.group(0)) path_params[name] = name if name in query_params: query_params.remove(name) def method(self, **kwargs): for name in kwargs.iterkeys(): if name not in argmap: raise TypeError('Got an unexpected keyword argument "%s"' % name) for name in required_params: if name not in kwargs: raise TypeError('Missing required parameter "%s"' % name) for name, regex in pattern_params.iteritems(): if name in kwargs: if isinstance(kwargs[name], basestring): pvalues = [kwargs[name]] else: pvalues = kwargs[name] for pvalue in pvalues: if re.match(regex, pvalue) is None: raise TypeError( 'Parameter "%s" value "%s" does not match the pattern "%s"' % (name, pvalue, regex)) for name, enums in enum_params.iteritems(): if name in kwargs: if kwargs[name] not in enums: raise TypeError( 'Parameter "%s" value "%s" is not an allowed value in "%s"' % (name, kwargs[name], str(enums))) actual_query_params = {} actual_path_params = {} for key, value in kwargs.iteritems(): to_type = param_type.get(key, 'string') # For repeated parameters we cast each member of the list. if key in repeated_params and type(value) == type([]): cast_value = [_cast(x, to_type) for x in value] else: cast_value = _cast(value, to_type) if key in query_params: actual_query_params[argmap[key]] = cast_value if key in path_params: actual_path_params[argmap[key]] = cast_value body_value = kwargs.get('body', None) media_filename = kwargs.get('media_body', None) if self._developerKey: actual_query_params['key'] = self._developerKey model = self._model # If there is no schema for the response then presume a binary blob. if 'response' not in methodDesc: model = RawModel() headers = {} headers, params, query, body = model.request(headers, actual_path_params, actual_query_params, body_value) expanded_url = uritemplate.expand(pathUrl, params) url = urlparse.urljoin(self._baseUrl, expanded_url + query) resumable = None multipart_boundary = '' if media_filename: # Convert a simple filename into a MediaUpload object. if isinstance(media_filename, basestring): (media_mime_type, encoding) = mimetypes.guess_type(media_filename) if media_mime_type is None: raise UnknownFileType(media_filename) if not mimeparse.best_match([media_mime_type], ','.join(accept)): raise UnacceptableMimeTypeError(media_mime_type) media_upload = MediaFileUpload(media_filename, media_mime_type) elif isinstance(media_filename, MediaUpload): media_upload = media_filename else: raise TypeError('media_filename must be str or MediaUpload.') if media_upload.resumable(): resumable = media_upload # Check the maxSize if maxSize > 0 and media_upload.size() > maxSize: raise MediaUploadSizeError("Media larger than: %s" % maxSize) # Use the media path uri for media uploads if media_upload.resumable(): expanded_url = uritemplate.expand(mediaResumablePathUrl, params) else: expanded_url = uritemplate.expand(mediaPathUrl, params) url = urlparse.urljoin(self._baseUrl, expanded_url + query) if body is None: # This is a simple media upload headers['content-type'] = media_upload.mimetype() expanded_url = uritemplate.expand(mediaResumablePathUrl, params) if not media_upload.resumable(): body = media_upload.getbytes(0, media_upload.size()) else: # This is a multipart/related upload. msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') # msgRoot should not write out it's own headers setattr(msgRoot, '_write_headers', lambda self: None) # attach the body as one part msg = MIMENonMultipart(*headers['content-type'].split('/')) msg.set_payload(body) msgRoot.attach(msg) # attach the media as the second part msg = MIMENonMultipart(*media_upload.mimetype().split('/')) msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = 'binary' if media_upload.resumable(): # This is a multipart resumable upload, where a multipart payload # looks like this: # # --===============1678050750164843052== # Content-Type: application/json # MIME-Version: 1.0 # # {'foo': 'bar'} # --===============1678050750164843052== # Content-Type: image/png # MIME-Version: 1.0 # Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary # # <BINARY STUFF> # --===============1678050750164843052==-- # # In the case of resumable multipart media uploads, the <BINARY # STUFF> is large and will be spread across multiple PUTs. What we # do here is compose the multipart message with a random payload in # place of <BINARY STUFF> and then split the resulting content into # two pieces, text before <BINARY STUFF> and text after <BINARY # STUFF>. The text after <BINARY STUFF> is the multipart boundary. # In apiclient.http the HttpRequest will send the text before # <BINARY STUFF>, then send the actual binary media in chunks, and # then will send the multipart delimeter. payload = hex(random.getrandbits(300)) msg.set_payload(payload) msgRoot.attach(msg) body = msgRoot.as_string() body, _ = body.split(payload) resumable = media_upload else: payload = media_upload.getbytes(0, media_upload.size()) msg.set_payload(payload) msgRoot.attach(msg) body = msgRoot.as_string() multipart_boundary = msgRoot.get_boundary() headers['content-type'] = ('multipart/related; ' 'boundary="%s"') % multipart_boundary logging.info('URL being requested: %s' % url) return self._requestBuilder(self._http, model.response, url, method=httpMethod, body=body, headers=headers, methodId=methodId, resumable=resumable) docs = [methodDesc.get('description', DEFAULT_METHOD_DOC), '\n\n'] if len(argmap) > 0: docs.append('Args:\n') for arg in argmap.iterkeys(): if arg in STACK_QUERY_PARAMETERS: continue repeated = '' if arg in repeated_params: repeated = ' (repeated)' required = '' if arg in required_params: required = ' (required)' paramdesc = methodDesc['parameters'][argmap[arg]] paramdoc = paramdesc.get('description', 'A parameter') if '$ref' in paramdesc: docs.append( (' %s: object, %s%s%s\n The object takes the' ' form of:\n\n%s\n\n') % (arg, paramdoc, required, repeated, schema.prettyPrintByName(paramdesc['$ref']))) else: paramtype = paramdesc.get('type', 'string') docs.append(' %s: %s, %s%s%s\n' % (arg, paramtype, paramdoc, required, repeated)) enum = paramdesc.get('enum', []) enumDesc = paramdesc.get('enumDescriptions', []) if enum and enumDesc: docs.append(' Allowed values\n') for (name, desc) in zip(enum, enumDesc): docs.append(' %s - %s\n' % (name, desc)) if 'response' in methodDesc: docs.append('\nReturns:\n An object of the form\n\n ') docs.append(schema.prettyPrintSchema(methodDesc['response'])) setattr(method, '__doc__', ''.join(docs)) setattr(theclass, methodName, method) def createNextMethodFromFuture(theclass, methodName, methodDesc, futureDesc): """ This is a legacy method, as only Buzz and Moderator use the future.json functionality for generating _next methods. It will be kept around as long as those API versions are around, but no new APIs should depend upon it. """ methodName = _fix_method_name(methodName) methodId = methodDesc['id'] + '.next' def methodNext(self, previous): """Retrieve the next page of results. Takes a single argument, 'body', which is the results from the last call, and returns the next set of items in the collection. Returns: None if there are no more items in the collection. """ if futureDesc['type'] != 'uri': raise UnknownLinkType(futureDesc['type']) try: p = previous for key in futureDesc['location']: p = p[key] url = p except (KeyError, TypeError): return None url = _add_query_parameter(url, 'key', self._developerKey) headers = {} headers, params, query, body = self._model.request(headers, {}, {}, None) logging.info('URL being requested: %s' % url) resp, content = self._http.request(url, method='GET', headers=headers) return self._requestBuilder(self._http, self._model.response, url, method='GET', headers=headers, methodId=methodId) setattr(theclass, methodName, methodNext) def createNextMethod(theclass, methodName, methodDesc, futureDesc): methodName = _fix_method_name(methodName) methodId = methodDesc['id'] + '.next' def methodNext(self, previous_request, previous_response): """Retrieves the next page of results. Args: previous_request: The request for the previous page. previous_response: The response from the request for the previous page. Returns: A request object that you can call 'execute()' on to request the next page. Returns None if there are no more items in the collection. """ # Retrieve nextPageToken from previous_response # Use as pageToken in previous_request to create new request. if 'nextPageToken' not in previous_response: return None request = copy.copy(previous_request) pageToken = previous_response['nextPageToken'] parsed = list(urlparse.urlparse(request.uri)) q = parse_qsl(parsed[4]) # Find and remove old 'pageToken' value from URI newq = [(key, value) for (key, value) in q if key != 'pageToken'] newq.append(('pageToken', pageToken)) parsed[4] = urllib.urlencode(newq) uri = urlparse.urlunparse(parsed) request.uri = uri logging.info('URL being requested: %s' % uri) return request setattr(theclass, methodName, methodNext) # Add basic methods to Resource if 'methods' in resourceDesc: for methodName, methodDesc in resourceDesc['methods'].iteritems(): if futureDesc: future = futureDesc['methods'].get(methodName, {}) else: future = None createMethod(Resource, methodName, methodDesc, future) # Add in nested resources if 'resources' in resourceDesc: def createResourceMethod(theclass, methodName, methodDesc, futureDesc): methodName = _fix_method_name(methodName) def methodResource(self): return createResource(self._http, self._baseUrl, self._model, self._requestBuilder, self._developerKey, methodDesc, futureDesc, schema) setattr(methodResource, '__doc__', 'A collection resource.') setattr(methodResource, '__is_resource__', True) setattr(theclass, methodName, methodResource) for methodName, methodDesc in resourceDesc['resources'].iteritems(): if futureDesc and 'resources' in futureDesc: future = futureDesc['resources'].get(methodName, {}) else: future = {} createResourceMethod(Resource, methodName, methodDesc, future) # Add <m>_next() methods to Resource if futureDesc and 'methods' in futureDesc: for methodName, methodDesc in futureDesc['methods'].iteritems(): if 'next' in methodDesc and methodName in resourceDesc['methods']: createNextMethodFromFuture(Resource, methodName + '_next', resourceDesc['methods'][methodName], methodDesc['next']) # Add _next() methods # Look for response bodies in schema that contain nextPageToken, and methods # that take a pageToken parameter. if 'methods' in resourceDesc: for methodName, methodDesc in resourceDesc['methods'].iteritems(): if 'response' in methodDesc: responseSchema = methodDesc['response'] if '$ref' in responseSchema: responseSchema = schema.get(responseSchema['$ref']) hasNextPageToken = 'nextPageToken' in responseSchema.get('properties', {}) hasPageToken = 'pageToken' in methodDesc.get('parameters', {}) if hasNextPageToken and hasPageToken: createNextMethod(Resource, methodName + '_next', resourceDesc['methods'][methodName], methodName) return Resource()
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for OAuth. Utilities for making it easier to work with OAuth 1.0 credentials. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import pickle import threading from apiclient.oauth import Storage as BaseStorage class Storage(BaseStorage): """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from a file.""" def __init__(self, filename): self._filename = filename self._lock = threading.Lock() def get(self): """Retrieve Credential from file. Returns: apiclient.oauth.Credentials """ self._lock.acquire() try: f = open(self._filename, 'r') credentials = pickle.loads(f.read()) f.close() credentials.set_store(self.put) except: credentials = None self._lock.release() return credentials def put(self, credentials): """Write a pickled Credentials to file. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ self._lock.acquire() f = open(self._filename, 'w') f.write(pickle.dumps(credentials)) f.close() self._lock.release()
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import apiclient import base64 import pickle from django.db import models class OAuthCredentialsField(models.Field): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def db_type(self): return 'VARCHAR' def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, apiclient.oauth.Credentials): return value return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(value)) def get_db_prep_value(self, value): return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(value)) class FlowThreeLeggedField(models.Field): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def db_type(self): return 'VARCHAR' def to_python(self, value): print "In to_python", value if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, apiclient.oauth.FlowThreeLegged): return value return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(value)) def get_db_prep_value(self, value): return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(value))
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utilities for Google App Engine Utilities for making it easier to use the Google API Client for Python on Google App Engine. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import pickle from google.appengine.ext import db from apiclient.oauth import OAuthCredentials from apiclient.oauth import FlowThreeLegged class FlowThreeLeggedProperty(db.Property): """Utility property that allows easy storage and retreival of an apiclient.oauth.FlowThreeLegged""" # Tell what the user type is. data_type = FlowThreeLegged # For writing to datastore. def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance): flow = super(FlowThreeLeggedProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) return db.Blob(pickle.dumps(flow)) # For reading from datastore. def make_value_from_datastore(self, value): if value is None: return None return pickle.loads(value) def validate(self, value): if value is not None and not isinstance(value, FlowThreeLegged): raise BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible ' 'to a FlowThreeLegged instance (%s)' % (self.name, value)) return super(FlowThreeLeggedProperty, self).validate(value) def empty(self, value): return not value class OAuthCredentialsProperty(db.Property): """Utility property that allows easy storage and retrieval of apiclient.oath.OAuthCredentials """ # Tell what the user type is. data_type = OAuthCredentials # For writing to datastore. def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance): cred = super(OAuthCredentialsProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) return db.Blob(pickle.dumps(cred)) # For reading from datastore. def make_value_from_datastore(self, value): if value is None: return None return pickle.loads(value) def validate(self, value): if value is not None and not isinstance(value, OAuthCredentials): raise BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible ' 'to an OAuthCredentials instance (%s)' % (self.name, value)) return super(OAuthCredentialsProperty, self).validate(value) def empty(self, value): return not value class StorageByKeyName(object): """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from the App Engine datastore. This Storage helper presumes the Credentials have been stored as a CredenialsProperty on a datastore model class, and that entities are stored by key_name. """ def __init__(self, model, key_name, property_name): """Constructor for Storage. Args: model: db.Model, model class key_name: string, key name for the entity that has the credentials property_name: string, name of the property that is a CredentialsProperty """ self.model = model self.key_name = key_name self.property_name = property_name def get(self): """Retrieve Credential from datastore. Returns: Credentials """ entity = self.model.get_or_insert(self.key_name) credential = getattr(entity, self.property_name) if credential and hasattr(credential, 'set_store'): credential.set_store(self.put) return credential def put(self, credentials): """Write a Credentials to the datastore. Args: credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store. """ entity = self.model.get_or_insert(self.key_name) setattr(entity, self.property_name, credentials) entity.put()
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Command-line tools for authenticating via OAuth 1.0 Do the OAuth 1.0 Three Legged Dance for a command line application. Stores the generated credentials in a common file that is used by other example apps in the same directory. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' __all__ = ["run"] import BaseHTTPServer import gflags import logging import socket import sys from optparse import OptionParser from apiclient.oauth import RequestError try: from urlparse import parse_qsl except ImportError: from cgi import parse_qsl FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS gflags.DEFINE_boolean('auth_local_webserver', True, ('Run a local web server to handle redirects during ' 'OAuth authorization.')) gflags.DEFINE_string('auth_host_name', 'localhost', ('Host name to use when running a local web server to ' 'handle redirects during OAuth authorization.')) gflags.DEFINE_multi_int('auth_host_port', [8080, 8090], ('Port to use when running a local web server to ' 'handle redirects during OAuth authorization.')) class ClientRedirectServer(BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer): """A server to handle OAuth 1.0 redirects back to localhost. Waits for a single request and parses the query parameters into query_params and then stops serving. """ query_params = {} class ClientRedirectHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): """A handler for OAuth 1.0 redirects back to localhost. Waits for a single request and parses the query parameters into the servers query_params and then stops serving. """ def do_GET(s): """Handle a GET request Parses the query parameters and prints a message if the flow has completed. Note that we can't detect if an error occurred. """ s.send_response(200) s.send_header("Content-type", "text/html") s.end_headers() query = s.path.split('?', 1)[-1] query = dict(parse_qsl(query)) s.server.query_params = query s.wfile.write("<html><head><title>Authentication Status</title></head>") s.wfile.write("<body><p>The authentication flow has completed.</p>") s.wfile.write("</body></html>") def log_message(self, format, *args): """Do not log messages to stdout while running as command line program.""" pass def run(flow, storage): """Core code for a command-line application. Args: flow: Flow, an OAuth 1.0 Flow to step through. storage: Storage, a Storage to store the credential in. Returns: Credentials, the obtained credential. Exceptions: RequestError: if step2 of the flow fails. Args: """ if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: success = False port_number = 0 for port in FLAGS.auth_host_port: port_number = port try: httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer((FLAGS.auth_host_name, port), ClientRedirectHandler) except socket.error, e: pass else: success = True break FLAGS.auth_local_webserver = success if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: oauth_callback = 'http://%s:%s/' % (FLAGS.auth_host_name, port_number) else: oauth_callback = 'oob' authorize_url = flow.step1_get_authorize_url(oauth_callback) print 'Go to the following link in your browser:' print authorize_url print if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: print 'If your browser is on a different machine then exit and re-run this' print 'application with the command-line parameter --noauth_local_webserver.' print if FLAGS.auth_local_webserver: httpd.handle_request() if 'error' in httpd.query_params: sys.exit('Authentication request was rejected.') if 'oauth_verifier' in httpd.query_params: code = httpd.query_params['oauth_verifier'] else: accepted = 'n' while accepted.lower() == 'n': accepted = raw_input('Have you authorized me? (y/n) ') code = raw_input('What is the verification code? ').strip() try: credentials = flow.step2_exchange(code) except RequestError: sys.exit('The authentication has failed.') storage.put(credentials) credentials.set_store(storage.put) print "You have successfully authenticated." return credentials
Python
#!/usr/bin/python2.4 # # Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Errors for the library. All exceptions defined by the library should be defined in this file. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' from anyjson import simplejson class Error(Exception): """Base error for this module.""" pass class HttpError(Error): """HTTP data was invalid or unexpected.""" def __init__(self, resp, content, uri=None): self.resp = resp self.content = content self.uri = uri def _get_reason(self): """Calculate the reason for the error from the response content.""" if self.resp.get('content-type', '').startswith('application/json'): try: data = simplejson.loads(self.content) reason = data['error']['message'] except (ValueError, KeyError): reason = self.content else: reason = self.resp.reason return reason def __repr__(self): if self.uri: return '<HttpError %s when requesting %s returned "%s">' % ( self.resp.status, self.uri, self._get_reason()) else: return '<HttpError %s "%s">' % (self.resp.status, self._get_reason()) __str__ = __repr__ class InvalidJsonError(Error): """The JSON returned could not be parsed.""" pass class UnknownLinkType(Error): """Link type unknown or unexpected.""" pass class UnknownApiNameOrVersion(Error): """No API with that name and version exists.""" pass class UnacceptableMimeTypeError(Error): """That is an unacceptable mimetype for this operation.""" pass class MediaUploadSizeError(Error): """Media is larger than the method can accept.""" pass class ResumableUploadError(Error): """Error occured during resumable upload.""" pass class BatchError(Error): """Error occured during batch operations.""" pass class UnexpectedMethodError(Error): """Exception raised by RequestMockBuilder on unexpected calls.""" def __init__(self, methodId=None): """Constructor for an UnexpectedMethodError.""" super(UnexpectedMethodError, self).__init__( 'Received unexpected call %s' % methodId) class UnexpectedBodyError(Error): """Exception raised by RequestMockBuilder on unexpected bodies.""" def __init__(self, expected, provided): """Constructor for an UnexpectedMethodError.""" super(UnexpectedBodyError, self).__init__( 'Expected: [%s] - Provided: [%s]' % (expected, provided))
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Schema processing for discovery based APIs Schemas holds an APIs discovery schemas. It can return those schema as deserialized JSON objects, or pretty print them as prototype objects that conform to the schema. For example, given the schema: schema = \"\"\"{ "Foo": { "type": "object", "properties": { "etag": { "type": "string", "description": "ETag of the collection." }, "kind": { "type": "string", "description": "Type of the collection ('calendar#acl').", "default": "calendar#acl" }, "nextPageToken": { "type": "string", "description": "Token used to access the next page of this result. Omitted if no further results are available." } } } }\"\"\" s = Schemas(schema) print s.prettyPrintByName('Foo') Produces the following output: { "nextPageToken": "A String", # Token used to access the # next page of this result. Omitted if no further results are available. "kind": "A String", # Type of the collection ('calendar#acl'). "etag": "A String", # ETag of the collection. }, The constructor takes a discovery document in which to look up named schema. """ # TODO(jcgregorio) support format, enum, minimum, maximum __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' import copy from apiclient.anyjson import simplejson class Schemas(object): """Schemas for an API.""" def __init__(self, discovery): """Constructor. Args: discovery: object, Deserialized discovery document from which we pull out the named schema. """ self.schemas = discovery.get('schemas', {}) # Cache of pretty printed schemas. self.pretty = {} def _prettyPrintByName(self, name, seen=None, dent=0): """Get pretty printed object prototype from the schema name. Args: name: string, Name of schema in the discovery document. seen: list of string, Names of schema already seen. Used to handle recursive definitions. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ if seen is None: seen = [] if name in seen: # Do not fall into an infinite loop over recursive definitions. return '# Object with schema name: %s' % name seen.append(name) if name not in self.pretty: self.pretty[name] = _SchemaToStruct(self.schemas[name], seen, dent).to_str(self._prettyPrintByName) seen.pop() return self.pretty[name] def prettyPrintByName(self, name): """Get pretty printed object prototype from the schema name. Args: name: string, Name of schema in the discovery document. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ # Return with trailing comma and newline removed. return self._prettyPrintByName(name, seen=[], dent=1)[:-2] def _prettyPrintSchema(self, schema, seen=None, dent=0): """Get pretty printed object prototype of schema. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. seen: list of string, Names of schema already seen. Used to handle recursive definitions. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ if seen is None: seen = [] return _SchemaToStruct(schema, seen, dent).to_str(self._prettyPrintByName) def prettyPrintSchema(self, schema): """Get pretty printed object prototype of schema. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. Returns: string, A string that contains a prototype object with comments that conforms to the given schema. """ # Return with trailing comma and newline removed. return self._prettyPrintSchema(schema, dent=1)[:-2] def get(self, name): """Get deserialized JSON schema from the schema name. Args: name: string, Schema name. """ return self.schemas[name] class _SchemaToStruct(object): """Convert schema to a prototype object.""" def __init__(self, schema, seen, dent=0): """Constructor. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema. seen: list, List of names of schema already seen while parsing. Used to handle recursive definitions. dent: int, Initial indentation depth. """ # The result of this parsing kept as list of strings. self.value = [] # The final value of the parsing. self.string = None # The parsed JSON schema. self.schema = schema # Indentation level. self.dent = dent # Method that when called returns a prototype object for the schema with # the given name. self.from_cache = None # List of names of schema already seen while parsing. self.seen = seen def emit(self, text): """Add text as a line to the output. Args: text: string, Text to output. """ self.value.extend([" " * self.dent, text, '\n']) def emitBegin(self, text): """Add text to the output, but with no line terminator. Args: text: string, Text to output. """ self.value.extend([" " * self.dent, text]) def emitEnd(self, text, comment): """Add text and comment to the output with line terminator. Args: text: string, Text to output. comment: string, Python comment. """ if comment: divider = '\n' + ' ' * (self.dent + 2) + '# ' lines = comment.splitlines() lines = [x.rstrip() for x in lines] comment = divider.join(lines) self.value.extend([text, ' # ', comment, '\n']) else: self.value.extend([text, '\n']) def indent(self): """Increase indentation level.""" self.dent += 1 def undent(self): """Decrease indentation level.""" self.dent -= 1 def _to_str_impl(self, schema): """Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. Args: schema: object, Parsed JSON schema file. Returns: Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. """ stype = schema.get('type') if stype == 'object': self.emitEnd('{', schema.get('description', '')) self.indent() for pname, pschema in schema.get('properties', {}).iteritems(): self.emitBegin('"%s": ' % pname) self._to_str_impl(pschema) self.undent() self.emit('},') elif '$ref' in schema: schemaName = schema['$ref'] description = schema.get('description', '') s = self.from_cache(schemaName, self.seen) parts = s.splitlines() self.emitEnd(parts[0], description) for line in parts[1:]: self.emit(line.rstrip()) elif stype == 'boolean': value = schema.get('default', 'True or False') self.emitEnd('%s,' % str(value), schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'string': value = schema.get('default', 'A String') self.emitEnd('"%s",' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'integer': value = schema.get('default', 42) self.emitEnd('%d,' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'number': value = schema.get('default', 3.14) self.emitEnd('%f,' % value, schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'null': self.emitEnd('None,', schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'any': self.emitEnd('"",', schema.get('description', '')) elif stype == 'array': self.emitEnd('[', schema.get('description')) self.indent() self.emitBegin('') self._to_str_impl(schema['items']) self.undent() self.emit('],') else: self.emit('Unknown type! %s' % stype) self.emitEnd('', '') self.string = ''.join(self.value) return self.string def to_str(self, from_cache): """Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. Args: from_cache: callable(name, seen), Callable that retrieves an object prototype for a schema with the given name. Seen is a list of schema names already seen as we recursively descend the schema definition. Returns: Prototype object based on the schema, in Python code with comments. The lines of the code will all be properly indented. """ self.from_cache = from_cache return self._to_str_impl(self.schema)
Python
# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Utility module to import a JSON module Hides all the messy details of exactly where we get a simplejson module from. """ __author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)' try: # pragma: no cover import simplejson except ImportError: # pragma: no cover try: # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine from django.utils import simplejson except ImportError: # Should work for Python2.6 and higher. import json as simplejson
Python
# Early, and incomplete implementation of -04. # import re import urllib RESERVED = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;=" OPERATOR = "+./;?|!@" EXPLODE = "*+" MODIFIER = ":^" TEMPLATE = re.compile(r"{(?P<operator>[\+\./;\?|!@])?(?P<varlist>[^}]+)}", re.UNICODE) VAR = re.compile(r"^(?P<varname>[^=\+\*:\^]+)((?P<explode>[\+\*])|(?P<partial>[:\^]-?[0-9]+))?(=(?P<default>.*))?$", re.UNICODE) def _tostring(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): if type(value) == type([]): if explode == "+": return ",".join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) if type(value) == type({}): keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return ",".join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return urllib.quote(value, safe) def _tostring_path(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): joiner = operator if type(value) == type([]): if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif type(value) == type({}): keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + joiner + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + joiner + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: if value: return urllib.quote(value, safe) else: return "" def _tostring_query(varname, value, explode, operator, safe=""): joiner = operator varprefix = "" if operator == "?": joiner = "&" varprefix = varname + "=" if type(value) == type([]): if 0 == len(value): return "" if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "=" + urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) else: return varprefix + ",".join([urllib.quote(x, safe) for x in value]) elif type(value) == type({}): if 0 == len(value): return "" keys = value.keys() keys.sort() if explode == "+": return joiner.join([varname + "." + urllib.quote(key, safe) + "=" + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) elif explode == "*": return joiner.join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "=" + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: return varprefix + ",".join([urllib.quote(key, safe) + "," + urllib.quote(value[key], safe) for key in keys]) else: if value: return varname + "=" + urllib.quote(value, safe) else: return varname TOSTRING = { "" : _tostring, "+": _tostring, ";": _tostring_query, "?": _tostring_query, "/": _tostring_path, ".": _tostring_path, } def expand(template, vars): def _sub(match): groupdict = match.groupdict() operator = groupdict.get('operator') if operator is None: operator = '' varlist = groupdict.get('varlist') safe = "@" if operator == '+': safe = RESERVED varspecs = varlist.split(",") varnames = [] defaults = {} for varspec in varspecs: m = VAR.search(varspec) groupdict = m.groupdict() varname = groupdict.get('varname') explode = groupdict.get('explode') partial = groupdict.get('partial') default = groupdict.get('default') if default: defaults[varname] = default varnames.append((varname, explode, partial)) retval = [] joiner = operator prefix = operator if operator == "+": prefix = "" joiner = "," if operator == "?": joiner = "&" if operator == "": joiner = "," for varname, explode, partial in varnames: if varname in vars: value = vars[varname] #if not value and (type(value) == type({}) or type(value) == type([])) and varname in defaults: if not value and value != "" and varname in defaults: value = defaults[varname] elif varname in defaults: value = defaults[varname] else: continue retval.append(TOSTRING[operator](varname, value, explode, operator, safe=safe)) if "".join(retval): return prefix + joiner.join(retval) else: return "" return TEMPLATE.sub(_sub, template)
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # Copyright (c) 2010, Google Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """Module to enforce different constraints on flags. A validator represents an invariant, enforced over a one or more flags. See 'FLAGS VALIDATORS' in gflags.py's docstring for a usage manual. """ __author__ = 'olexiy@google.com (Olexiy Oryeshko)' class Error(Exception): """Thrown If validator constraint is not satisfied.""" class Validator(object): """Base class for flags validators. Users should NOT overload these classes, and use gflags.Register... methods instead. """ # Used to assign each validator an unique insertion_index validators_count = 0 def __init__(self, checker, message): """Constructor to create all validators. Args: checker: function to verify the constraint. Input of this method varies, see SimpleValidator and DictionaryValidator for a detailed description. message: string, error message to be shown to the user """ self.checker = checker self.message = message Validator.validators_count += 1 # Used to assert validators in the order they were registered (CL/18694236) self.insertion_index = Validator.validators_count def Verify(self, flag_values): """Verify that constraint is satisfied. flags library calls this method to verify Validator's constraint. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues, containing all flags Raises: Error: if constraint is not satisfied. """ param = self._GetInputToCheckerFunction(flag_values) if not self.checker(param): raise Error(self.message) def GetFlagsNames(self): """Return the names of the flags checked by this validator. Returns: [string], names of the flags """ raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues, containing all flags. Returns: Return type depends on the specific validator. """ raise NotImplementedError('This method should be overloaded') class SimpleValidator(Validator): """Validator behind RegisterValidator() method. Validates that a single flag passes its checker function. The checker function takes the flag value and returns True (if value looks fine) or, if flag value is not valid, either returns False or raises an Exception.""" def __init__(self, flag_name, checker, message): """Constructor. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag. checker: function to verify the validator. input - value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise Error. message: string, error message to be shown to the user if validator's condition is not satisfied """ super(SimpleValidator, self).__init__(checker, message) self.flag_name = flag_name def GetFlagsNames(self): return [self.flag_name] def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): return 'flag --%s=%s' % (self.flag_name, flag_values[self.flag_name].value) def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues Returns: value of the corresponding flag. """ return flag_values[self.flag_name].value class DictionaryValidator(Validator): """Validator behind RegisterDictionaryValidator method. Validates that flag values pass their common checker function. The checker function takes flag values and returns True (if values look fine) or, if values are not valid, either returns False or raises an Exception. """ def __init__(self, flag_names, checker, message): """Constructor. Args: flag_names: [string], containing names of the flags used by checker. checker: function to verify the validator. input - dictionary, with keys() being flag_names, and value for each key being the value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise Error. message: string, error message to be shown to the user if validator's condition is not satisfied """ super(DictionaryValidator, self).__init__(checker, message) self.flag_names = flag_names def _GetInputToCheckerFunction(self, flag_values): """Given flag values, construct the input to be given to checker. Args: flag_values: gflags.FlagValues Returns: dictionary, with keys() being self.lag_names, and value for each key being the value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc). """ return dict([key, flag_values[key].value] for key in self.flag_names) def PrintFlagsWithValues(self, flag_values): prefix = 'flags ' flags_with_values = [] for key in self.flag_names: flags_with_values.append('%s=%s' % (key, flag_values[key].value)) return prefix + ', '.join(flags_with_values) def GetFlagsNames(self): return self.flag_names
Python
"""SocksiPy - Python SOCKS module. Version 1.00 Copyright 2006 Dan-Haim. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of Dan Haim nor the names of his contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAN HAIM "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DAN HAIM OR HIS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMANGE. This module provides a standard socket-like interface for Python for tunneling connections through SOCKS proxies. """ """ Minor modifications made by Christopher Gilbert (http://motomastyle.com/) for use in PyLoris (http://pyloris.sourceforge.net/) Minor modifications made by Mario Vilas (http://breakingcode.wordpress.com/) mainly to merge bug fixes found in Sourceforge """ import base64 import socket import struct import sys if getattr(socket, 'socket', None) is None: raise ImportError('socket.socket missing, proxy support unusable') PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4 = 1 PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5 = 2 PROXY_TYPE_HTTP = 3 PROXY_TYPE_HTTP_NO_TUNNEL = 4 _defaultproxy = None _orgsocket = socket.socket class ProxyError(Exception): pass class GeneralProxyError(ProxyError): pass class Socks5AuthError(ProxyError): pass class Socks5Error(ProxyError): pass class Socks4Error(ProxyError): pass class HTTPError(ProxyError): pass _generalerrors = ("success", "invalid data", "not connected", "not available", "bad proxy type", "bad input") _socks5errors = ("succeeded", "general SOCKS server failure", "connection not allowed by ruleset", "Network unreachable", "Host unreachable", "Connection refused", "TTL expired", "Command not supported", "Address type not supported", "Unknown error") _socks5autherrors = ("succeeded", "authentication is required", "all offered authentication methods were rejected", "unknown username or invalid password", "unknown error") _socks4errors = ("request granted", "request rejected or failed", "request rejected because SOCKS server cannot connect to identd on the client", "request rejected because the client program and identd report different user-ids", "unknown error") def setdefaultproxy(proxytype=None, addr=None, port=None, rdns=True, username=None, password=None): """setdefaultproxy(proxytype, addr[, port[, rdns[, username[, password]]]]) Sets a default proxy which all further socksocket objects will use, unless explicitly changed. """ global _defaultproxy _defaultproxy = (proxytype, addr, port, rdns, username, password) def wrapmodule(module): """wrapmodule(module) Attempts to replace a module's socket library with a SOCKS socket. Must set a default proxy using setdefaultproxy(...) first. This will only work on modules that import socket directly into the namespace; most of the Python Standard Library falls into this category. """ if _defaultproxy != None: module.socket.socket = socksocket else: raise GeneralProxyError((4, "no proxy specified")) class socksocket(socket.socket): """socksocket([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> socket object Open a SOCKS enabled socket. The parameters are the same as those of the standard socket init. In order for SOCKS to work, you must specify family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM and proto=0. """ def __init__(self, family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, _sock=None): _orgsocket.__init__(self, family, type, proto, _sock) if _defaultproxy != None: self.__proxy = _defaultproxy else: self.__proxy = (None, None, None, None, None, None) self.__proxysockname = None self.__proxypeername = None self.__httptunnel = True def __recvall(self, count): """__recvall(count) -> data Receive EXACTLY the number of bytes requested from the socket. Blocks until the required number of bytes have been received. """ data = self.recv(count) while len(data) < count: d = self.recv(count-len(data)) if not d: raise GeneralProxyError((0, "connection closed unexpectedly")) data = data + d return data def sendall(self, content, *args): """ override socket.socket.sendall method to rewrite the header for non-tunneling proxies if needed """ if not self.__httptunnel: content = self.__rewriteproxy(content) return super(socksocket, self).sendall(content, *args) def __rewriteproxy(self, header): """ rewrite HTTP request headers to support non-tunneling proxies (i.e. those which do not support the CONNECT method). This only works for HTTP (not HTTPS) since HTTPS requires tunneling. """ host, endpt = None, None hdrs = header.split("\r\n") for hdr in hdrs: if hdr.lower().startswith("host:"): host = hdr elif hdr.lower().startswith("get") or hdr.lower().startswith("post"): endpt = hdr if host and endpt: hdrs.remove(host) hdrs.remove(endpt) host = host.split(" ")[1] endpt = endpt.split(" ") if (self.__proxy[4] != None and self.__proxy[5] != None): hdrs.insert(0, self.__getauthheader()) hdrs.insert(0, "Host: %s" % host) hdrs.insert(0, "%s http://%s%s %s" % (endpt[0], host, endpt[1], endpt[2])) return "\r\n".join(hdrs) def __getauthheader(self): auth = self.__proxy[4] + ":" + self.__proxy[5] return "Proxy-Authorization: Basic " + base64.b64encode(auth) def setproxy(self, proxytype=None, addr=None, port=None, rdns=True, username=None, password=None): """setproxy(proxytype, addr[, port[, rdns[, username[, password]]]]) Sets the proxy to be used. proxytype - The type of the proxy to be used. Three types are supported: PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4 (including socks4a), PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5 and PROXY_TYPE_HTTP addr - The address of the server (IP or DNS). port - The port of the server. Defaults to 1080 for SOCKS servers and 8080 for HTTP proxy servers. rdns - Should DNS queries be preformed on the remote side (rather than the local side). The default is True. Note: This has no effect with SOCKS4 servers. username - Username to authenticate with to the server. The default is no authentication. password - Password to authenticate with to the server. Only relevant when username is also provided. """ self.__proxy = (proxytype, addr, port, rdns, username, password) def __negotiatesocks5(self, destaddr, destport): """__negotiatesocks5(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through a SOCKS5 server. """ # First we'll send the authentication packages we support. if (self.__proxy[4]!=None) and (self.__proxy[5]!=None): # The username/password details were supplied to the # setproxy method so we support the USERNAME/PASSWORD # authentication (in addition to the standard none). self.sendall(struct.pack('BBBB', 0x05, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02)) else: # No username/password were entered, therefore we # only support connections with no authentication. self.sendall(struct.pack('BBB', 0x05, 0x01, 0x00)) # We'll receive the server's response to determine which # method was selected chosenauth = self.__recvall(2) if chosenauth[0:1] != chr(0x05).encode(): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) # Check the chosen authentication method if chosenauth[1:2] == chr(0x00).encode(): # No authentication is required pass elif chosenauth[1:2] == chr(0x02).encode(): # Okay, we need to perform a basic username/password # authentication. self.sendall(chr(0x01).encode() + chr(len(self.__proxy[4])) + self.__proxy[4] + chr(len(self.__proxy[5])) + self.__proxy[5]) authstat = self.__recvall(2) if authstat[0:1] != chr(0x01).encode(): # Bad response self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) if authstat[1:2] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Authentication failed self.close() raise Socks5AuthError((3, _socks5autherrors[3])) # Authentication succeeded else: # Reaching here is always bad self.close() if chosenauth[1] == chr(0xFF).encode(): raise Socks5AuthError((2, _socks5autherrors[2])) else: raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) # Now we can request the actual connection req = struct.pack('BBB', 0x05, 0x01, 0x00) # If the given destination address is an IP address, we'll # use the IPv4 address request even if remote resolving was specified. try: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(destaddr) req = req + chr(0x01).encode() + ipaddr except socket.error: # Well it's not an IP number, so it's probably a DNS name. if self.__proxy[3]: # Resolve remotely ipaddr = None req = req + chr(0x03).encode() + chr(len(destaddr)).encode() + destaddr else: # Resolve locally ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(socket.gethostbyname(destaddr)) req = req + chr(0x01).encode() + ipaddr req = req + struct.pack(">H", destport) self.sendall(req) # Get the response resp = self.__recvall(4) if resp[0:1] != chr(0x05).encode(): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) elif resp[1:2] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Connection failed self.close() if ord(resp[1:2])<=8: raise Socks5Error((ord(resp[1:2]), _socks5errors[ord(resp[1:2])])) else: raise Socks5Error((9, _socks5errors[9])) # Get the bound address/port elif resp[3:4] == chr(0x01).encode(): boundaddr = self.__recvall(4) elif resp[3:4] == chr(0x03).encode(): resp = resp + self.recv(1) boundaddr = self.__recvall(ord(resp[4:5])) else: self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1,_generalerrors[1])) boundport = struct.unpack(">H", self.__recvall(2))[0] self.__proxysockname = (boundaddr, boundport) if ipaddr != None: self.__proxypeername = (socket.inet_ntoa(ipaddr), destport) else: self.__proxypeername = (destaddr, destport) def getproxysockname(self): """getsockname() -> address info Returns the bound IP address and port number at the proxy. """ return self.__proxysockname def getproxypeername(self): """getproxypeername() -> address info Returns the IP and port number of the proxy. """ return _orgsocket.getpeername(self) def getpeername(self): """getpeername() -> address info Returns the IP address and port number of the destination machine (note: getproxypeername returns the proxy) """ return self.__proxypeername def __negotiatesocks4(self,destaddr,destport): """__negotiatesocks4(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through a SOCKS4 server. """ # Check if the destination address provided is an IP address rmtrslv = False try: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(destaddr) except socket.error: # It's a DNS name. Check where it should be resolved. if self.__proxy[3]: ipaddr = struct.pack("BBBB", 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01) rmtrslv = True else: ipaddr = socket.inet_aton(socket.gethostbyname(destaddr)) # Construct the request packet req = struct.pack(">BBH", 0x04, 0x01, destport) + ipaddr # The username parameter is considered userid for SOCKS4 if self.__proxy[4] != None: req = req + self.__proxy[4] req = req + chr(0x00).encode() # DNS name if remote resolving is required # NOTE: This is actually an extension to the SOCKS4 protocol # called SOCKS4A and may not be supported in all cases. if rmtrslv: req = req + destaddr + chr(0x00).encode() self.sendall(req) # Get the response from the server resp = self.__recvall(8) if resp[0:1] != chr(0x00).encode(): # Bad data self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1,_generalerrors[1])) if resp[1:2] != chr(0x5A).encode(): # Server returned an error self.close() if ord(resp[1:2]) in (91, 92, 93): self.close() raise Socks4Error((ord(resp[1:2]), _socks4errors[ord(resp[1:2]) - 90])) else: raise Socks4Error((94, _socks4errors[4])) # Get the bound address/port self.__proxysockname = (socket.inet_ntoa(resp[4:]), struct.unpack(">H", resp[2:4])[0]) if rmtrslv != None: self.__proxypeername = (socket.inet_ntoa(ipaddr), destport) else: self.__proxypeername = (destaddr, destport) def __negotiatehttp(self, destaddr, destport): """__negotiatehttp(self,destaddr,destport) Negotiates a connection through an HTTP server. """ # If we need to resolve locally, we do this now if not self.__proxy[3]: addr = socket.gethostbyname(destaddr) else: addr = destaddr headers = ["CONNECT ", addr, ":", str(destport), " HTTP/1.1\r\n"] headers += ["Host: ", destaddr, "\r\n"] if (self.__proxy[4] != None and self.__proxy[5] != None): headers += [self.__getauthheader(), "\r\n"] headers.append("\r\n") self.sendall("".join(headers).encode()) # We read the response until we get the string "\r\n\r\n" resp = self.recv(1) while resp.find("\r\n\r\n".encode()) == -1: resp = resp + self.recv(1) # We just need the first line to check if the connection # was successful statusline = resp.splitlines()[0].split(" ".encode(), 2) if statusline[0] not in ("HTTP/1.0".encode(), "HTTP/1.1".encode()): self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) try: statuscode = int(statusline[1]) except ValueError: self.close() raise GeneralProxyError((1, _generalerrors[1])) if statuscode != 200: self.close() raise HTTPError((statuscode, statusline[2])) self.__proxysockname = ("0.0.0.0", 0) self.__proxypeername = (addr, destport) def connect(self, destpair): """connect(self, despair) Connects to the specified destination through a proxy. destpar - A tuple of the IP/DNS address and the port number. (identical to socket's connect). To select the proxy server use setproxy(). """ # Do a minimal input check first if (not type(destpair) in (list,tuple)) or (len(destpair) < 2) or (type(destpair[0]) != type('')) or (type(destpair[1]) != int): raise GeneralProxyError((5, _generalerrors[5])) if self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 1080 _orgsocket.connect(self, (self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatesocks5(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 1080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatesocks4(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_HTTP: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 8080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1], portnum)) self.__negotiatehttp(destpair[0], destpair[1]) elif self.__proxy[0] == PROXY_TYPE_HTTP_NO_TUNNEL: if self.__proxy[2] != None: portnum = self.__proxy[2] else: portnum = 8080 _orgsocket.connect(self,(self.__proxy[1],portnum)) if destpair[1] == 443: self.__negotiatehttp(destpair[0],destpair[1]) else: self.__httptunnel = False elif self.__proxy[0] == None: _orgsocket.connect(self, (destpair[0], destpair[1])) else: raise GeneralProxyError((4, _generalerrors[4]))
Python
""" iri2uri Converts an IRI to a URI. """ __author__ = "Joe Gregorio (joe@bitworking.org)" __copyright__ = "Copyright 2006, Joe Gregorio" __contributors__ = [] __version__ = "1.0.0" __license__ = "MIT" __history__ = """ """ import urlparse # Convert an IRI to a URI following the rules in RFC 3987 # # The characters we need to enocde and escape are defined in the spec: # # iprivate = %xE000-F8FF / %xF0000-FFFFD / %x100000-10FFFD # ucschar = %xA0-D7FF / %xF900-FDCF / %xFDF0-FFEF # / %x10000-1FFFD / %x20000-2FFFD / %x30000-3FFFD # / %x40000-4FFFD / %x50000-5FFFD / %x60000-6FFFD # / %x70000-7FFFD / %x80000-8FFFD / %x90000-9FFFD # / %xA0000-AFFFD / %xB0000-BFFFD / %xC0000-CFFFD # / %xD0000-DFFFD / %xE1000-EFFFD escape_range = [ (0xA0, 0xD7FF ), (0xE000, 0xF8FF ), (0xF900, 0xFDCF ), (0xFDF0, 0xFFEF), (0x10000, 0x1FFFD ), (0x20000, 0x2FFFD ), (0x30000, 0x3FFFD), (0x40000, 0x4FFFD ), (0x50000, 0x5FFFD ), (0x60000, 0x6FFFD), (0x70000, 0x7FFFD ), (0x80000, 0x8FFFD ), (0x90000, 0x9FFFD), (0xA0000, 0xAFFFD ), (0xB0000, 0xBFFFD ), (0xC0000, 0xCFFFD), (0xD0000, 0xDFFFD ), (0xE1000, 0xEFFFD), (0xF0000, 0xFFFFD ), (0x100000, 0x10FFFD) ] def encode(c): retval = c i = ord(c) for low, high in escape_range: if i < low: break if i >= low and i <= high: retval = "".join(["%%%2X" % ord(o) for o in c.encode('utf-8')]) break return retval def iri2uri(uri): """Convert an IRI to a URI. Note that IRIs must be passed in a unicode strings. That is, do not utf-8 encode the IRI before passing it into the function.""" if isinstance(uri ,unicode): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = urlparse.urlsplit(uri) authority = authority.encode('idna') # For each character in 'ucschar' or 'iprivate' # 1. encode as utf-8 # 2. then %-encode each octet of that utf-8 uri = urlparse.urlunsplit((scheme, authority, path, query, fragment)) uri = "".join([encode(c) for c in uri]) return uri if __name__ == "__main__": import unittest class Test(unittest.TestCase): def test_uris(self): """Test that URIs are invariant under the transformation.""" invariant = [ u"ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt", u"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt", u"ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one", u"mailto:John.Doe@example.com", u"news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", u"tel:+1-816-555-1212", u"telnet://192.0.2.16:80/", u"urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2" ] for uri in invariant: self.assertEqual(uri, iri2uri(uri)) def test_iri(self): """ Test that the right type of escaping is done for each part of the URI.""" self.assertEqual("http://xn--o3h.com/%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://\N{COMET}.com/\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("http://bitworking.org/?fred=%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://bitworking.org/?fred=\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("http://bitworking.org/#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"http://bitworking.org/#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}")) self.assertEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}"))) self.assertNotEqual("/fred?bar=%E2%98%9A#%E2%98%84", iri2uri(u"/fred?bar=\N{BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX}#\N{COMET}".encode('utf-8'))) unittest.main()
Python
from __future__ import generators """ httplib2 A caching http interface that supports ETags and gzip to conserve bandwidth. Requires Python 2.3 or later Changelog: 2007-08-18, Rick: Modified so it's able to use a socks proxy if needed. """ __author__ = "Joe Gregorio (joe@bitworking.org)" __copyright__ = "Copyright 2006, Joe Gregorio" __contributors__ = ["Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)", "James Antill", "Xavier Verges Farrero", "Jonathan Feinberg", "Blair Zajac", "Sam Ruby", "Louis Nyffenegger"] __license__ = "MIT" __version__ = "0.7.2" import re import sys import email import email.Utils import email.Message import email.FeedParser import StringIO import gzip import zlib import httplib import urlparse import base64 import os import copy import calendar import time import random import errno # remove depracated warning in python2.6 try: from hashlib import sha1 as _sha, md5 as _md5 except ImportError: import sha import md5 _sha = sha.new _md5 = md5.new import hmac from gettext import gettext as _ import socket try: from httplib2 import socks except ImportError: socks = None # Build the appropriate socket wrapper for ssl try: import ssl # python 2.6 ssl_SSLError = ssl.SSLError def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file, disable_validation, ca_certs): if disable_validation: cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_NONE else: cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED # We should be specifying SSL version 3 or TLS v1, but the ssl module # doesn't expose the necessary knobs. So we need to go with the default # of SSLv23. return ssl.wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file, cert_reqs=cert_reqs, ca_certs=ca_certs) except (AttributeError, ImportError): ssl_SSLError = None def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file, disable_validation, ca_certs): if not disable_validation: raise CertificateValidationUnsupported( "SSL certificate validation is not supported without " "the ssl module installed. To avoid this error, install " "the ssl module, or explicity disable validation.") ssl_sock = socket.ssl(sock, key_file, cert_file) return httplib.FakeSocket(sock, ssl_sock) if sys.version_info >= (2,3): from iri2uri import iri2uri else: def iri2uri(uri): return uri def has_timeout(timeout): # python 2.6 if hasattr(socket, '_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT'): return (timeout is not None and timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) return (timeout is not None) __all__ = ['Http', 'Response', 'ProxyInfo', 'HttpLib2Error', 'RedirectMissingLocation', 'RedirectLimit', 'FailedToDecompressContent', 'UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError', 'UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError', 'debuglevel', 'ProxiesUnavailableError'] # The httplib debug level, set to a non-zero value to get debug output debuglevel = 0 # Python 2.3 support if sys.version_info < (2,4): def sorted(seq): seq.sort() return seq # Python 2.3 support def HTTPResponse__getheaders(self): """Return list of (header, value) tuples.""" if self.msg is None: raise httplib.ResponseNotReady() return self.msg.items() if not hasattr(httplib.HTTPResponse, 'getheaders'): httplib.HTTPResponse.getheaders = HTTPResponse__getheaders # All exceptions raised here derive from HttpLib2Error class HttpLib2Error(Exception): pass # Some exceptions can be caught and optionally # be turned back into responses. class HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse(HttpLib2Error): def __init__(self, desc, response, content): self.response = response self.content = content HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc) class RedirectMissingLocation(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class RedirectLimit(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class FailedToDecompressContent(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass class MalformedHeader(HttpLib2Error): pass class RelativeURIError(HttpLib2Error): pass class ServerNotFoundError(HttpLib2Error): pass class ProxiesUnavailableError(HttpLib2Error): pass class CertificateValidationUnsupported(HttpLib2Error): pass class SSLHandshakeError(HttpLib2Error): pass class NotSupportedOnThisPlatform(HttpLib2Error): pass class CertificateHostnameMismatch(SSLHandshakeError): def __init__(self, desc, host, cert): HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc) self.host = host self.cert = cert # Open Items: # ----------- # Proxy support # Are we removing the cached content too soon on PUT (only delete on 200 Maybe?) # Pluggable cache storage (supports storing the cache in # flat files by default. We need a plug-in architecture # that can support Berkeley DB and Squid) # == Known Issues == # Does not handle a resource that uses conneg and Last-Modified but no ETag as a cache validator. # Does not handle Cache-Control: max-stale # Does not use Age: headers when calculating cache freshness. # The number of redirections to follow before giving up. # Note that only GET redirects are automatically followed. # Will also honor 301 requests by saving that info and never # requesting that URI again. DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5 # Default CA certificates file bundled with httplib2. CA_CERTS = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__ )), "cacerts.txt") # Which headers are hop-by-hop headers by default HOP_BY_HOP = ['connection', 'keep-alive', 'proxy-authenticate', 'proxy-authorization', 'te', 'trailers', 'transfer-encoding', 'upgrade'] def _get_end2end_headers(response): hopbyhop = list(HOP_BY_HOP) hopbyhop.extend([x.strip() for x in response.get('connection', '').split(',')]) return [header for header in response.keys() if header not in hopbyhop] URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?") def parse_uri(uri): """Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986. (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri) """ groups = URI.match(uri).groups() return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8]) def urlnorm(uri): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri) if not scheme or not authority: raise RelativeURIError("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri) authority = authority.lower() scheme = scheme.lower() if not path: path = "/" # Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before # computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66. request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path scheme = scheme.lower() defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri return scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri # Cache filename construction (original borrowed from Venus http://intertwingly.net/code/venus/) re_url_scheme = re.compile(r'^\w+://') re_slash = re.compile(r'[?/:|]+') def safename(filename): """Return a filename suitable for the cache. Strips dangerous and common characters to create a filename we can use to store the cache in. """ try: if re_url_scheme.match(filename): if isinstance(filename,str): filename = filename.decode('utf-8') filename = filename.encode('idna') else: filename = filename.encode('idna') except UnicodeError: pass if isinstance(filename,unicode): filename=filename.encode('utf-8') filemd5 = _md5(filename).hexdigest() filename = re_url_scheme.sub("", filename) filename = re_slash.sub(",", filename) # limit length of filename if len(filename)>200: filename=filename[:200] return ",".join((filename, filemd5)) NORMALIZE_SPACE = re.compile(r'(?:\r\n)?[ \t]+') def _normalize_headers(headers): return dict([ (key.lower(), NORMALIZE_SPACE.sub(value, ' ').strip()) for (key, value) in headers.iteritems()]) def _parse_cache_control(headers): retval = {} if headers.has_key('cache-control'): parts = headers['cache-control'].split(',') parts_with_args = [tuple([x.strip().lower() for x in part.split("=", 1)]) for part in parts if -1 != part.find("=")] parts_wo_args = [(name.strip().lower(), 1) for name in parts if -1 == name.find("=")] retval = dict(parts_with_args + parts_wo_args) return retval # Whether to use a strict mode to parse WWW-Authenticate headers # Might lead to bad results in case of ill-formed header value, # so disabled by default, falling back to relaxed parsing. # Set to true to turn on, usefull for testing servers. USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING = 0 # In regex below: # [^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+ matches a "token" as defined by HTTP # "(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?" matches a "quoted-string" as defined by HTTP, when LWS have already been replaced by a single space # Actually, as an auth-param value can be either a token or a quoted-string, they are combined in a single pattern which matches both: # \"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"? WWW_AUTH_STRICT = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$") WWW_AUTH_RELAXED = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^ \t\r\n=]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\\\"]|\\.)*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^ \t\r\n,]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$") UNQUOTE_PAIRS = re.compile(r'\\(.)') def _parse_www_authenticate(headers, headername='www-authenticate'): """Returns a dictionary of dictionaries, one dict per auth_scheme.""" retval = {} if headers.has_key(headername): try: authenticate = headers[headername].strip() www_auth = USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING and WWW_AUTH_STRICT or WWW_AUTH_RELAXED while authenticate: # Break off the scheme at the beginning of the line if headername == 'authentication-info': (auth_scheme, the_rest) = ('digest', authenticate) else: (auth_scheme, the_rest) = authenticate.split(" ", 1) # Now loop over all the key value pairs that come after the scheme, # being careful not to roll into the next scheme match = www_auth.search(the_rest) auth_params = {} while match: if match and len(match.groups()) == 3: (key, value, the_rest) = match.groups() auth_params[key.lower()] = UNQUOTE_PAIRS.sub(r'\1', value) # '\\'.join([x.replace('\\', '') for x in value.split('\\\\')]) match = www_auth.search(the_rest) retval[auth_scheme.lower()] = auth_params authenticate = the_rest.strip() except ValueError: raise MalformedHeader("WWW-Authenticate") return retval def _entry_disposition(response_headers, request_headers): """Determine freshness from the Date, Expires and Cache-Control headers. We don't handle the following: 1. Cache-Control: max-stale 2. Age: headers are not used in the calculations. Not that this algorithm is simpler than you might think because we are operating as a private (non-shared) cache. This lets us ignore 's-maxage'. We can also ignore 'proxy-invalidate' since we aren't a proxy. We will never return a stale document as fresh as a design decision, and thus the non-implementation of 'max-stale'. This also lets us safely ignore 'must-revalidate' since we operate as if every server has sent 'must-revalidate'. Since we are private we get to ignore both 'public' and 'private' parameters. We also ignore 'no-transform' since we don't do any transformations. The 'no-store' parameter is handled at a higher level. So the only Cache-Control parameters we look at are: no-cache only-if-cached max-age min-fresh """ retval = "STALE" cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers) cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers) if request_headers.has_key('pragma') and request_headers['pragma'].lower().find('no-cache') != -1: retval = "TRANSPARENT" if 'cache-control' not in request_headers: request_headers['cache-control'] = 'no-cache' elif cc.has_key('no-cache'): retval = "TRANSPARENT" elif cc_response.has_key('no-cache'): retval = "STALE" elif cc.has_key('only-if-cached'): retval = "FRESH" elif response_headers.has_key('date'): date = calendar.timegm(email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['date'])) now = time.time() current_age = max(0, now - date) if cc_response.has_key('max-age'): try: freshness_lifetime = int(cc_response['max-age']) except ValueError: freshness_lifetime = 0 elif response_headers.has_key('expires'): expires = email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['expires']) if None == expires: freshness_lifetime = 0 else: freshness_lifetime = max(0, calendar.timegm(expires) - date) else: freshness_lifetime = 0 if cc.has_key('max-age'): try: freshness_lifetime = int(cc['max-age']) except ValueError: freshness_lifetime = 0 if cc.has_key('min-fresh'): try: min_fresh = int(cc['min-fresh']) except ValueError: min_fresh = 0 current_age += min_fresh if freshness_lifetime > current_age: retval = "FRESH" return retval def _decompressContent(response, new_content): content = new_content try: encoding = response.get('content-encoding', None) if encoding in ['gzip', 'deflate']: if encoding == 'gzip': content = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(new_content)).read() if encoding == 'deflate': content = zlib.decompress(content) response['content-length'] = str(len(content)) # Record the historical presence of the encoding in a way the won't interfere. response['-content-encoding'] = response['content-encoding'] del response['content-encoding'] except IOError: content = "" raise FailedToDecompressContent(_("Content purported to be compressed with %s but failed to decompress.") % response.get('content-encoding'), response, content) return content def _updateCache(request_headers, response_headers, content, cache, cachekey): if cachekey: cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers) cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers) if cc.has_key('no-store') or cc_response.has_key('no-store'): cache.delete(cachekey) else: info = email.Message.Message() for key, value in response_headers.iteritems(): if key not in ['status','content-encoding','transfer-encoding']: info[key] = value # Add annotations to the cache to indicate what headers # are variant for this request. vary = response_headers.get('vary', None) if vary: vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',') for header in vary_headers: key = '-varied-%s' % header try: info[key] = request_headers[header] except KeyError: pass status = response_headers.status if status == 304: status = 200 status_header = 'status: %d\r\n' % status header_str = info.as_string() header_str = re.sub("\r(?!\n)|(?<!\r)\n", "\r\n", header_str) text = "".join([status_header, header_str, content]) cache.set(cachekey, text) def _cnonce(): dig = _md5("%s:%s" % (time.ctime(), ["0123456789"[random.randrange(0, 9)] for i in range(20)])).hexdigest() return dig[:16] def _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, password): return base64.b64encode(_sha("%s%s%s" % (cnonce, iso_now, password)).digest()).strip() # For credentials we need two things, first # a pool of credential to try (not necesarily tied to BAsic, Digest, etc.) # Then we also need a list of URIs that have already demanded authentication # That list is tricky since sub-URIs can take the same auth, or the # auth scheme may change as you descend the tree. # So we also need each Auth instance to be able to tell us # how close to the 'top' it is. class Authentication(object): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) self.path = path self.host = host self.credentials = credentials self.http = http def depth(self, request_uri): (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) return request_uri[len(self.path):].count("/") def inscope(self, host, request_uri): # XXX Should we normalize the request_uri? (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri) return (host == self.host) and path.startswith(self.path) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header. Over-rise this in sub-classes.""" pass def response(self, response, content): """Gives us a chance to update with new nonces or such returned from the last authorized response. Over-rise this in sub-classes if necessary. Return TRUE is the request is to be retried, for example Digest may return stale=true. """ return False class BasicAuthentication(Authentication): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode("%s:%s" % self.credentials).strip() class DigestAuthentication(Authentication): """Only do qop='auth' and MD5, since that is all Apache currently implements""" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') self.challenge = challenge['digest'] qop = self.challenge.get('qop', 'auth') self.challenge['qop'] = ('auth' in [x.strip() for x in qop.split()]) and 'auth' or None if self.challenge['qop'] is None: raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for qop: %s." % qop)) self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'MD5').upper() if self.challenge['algorithm'] != 'MD5': raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm'])) self.A1 = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":", self.challenge['realm'], ":", self.credentials[1]]) self.challenge['nc'] = 1 def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content, cnonce = None): """Modify the request headers""" H = lambda x: _md5(x).hexdigest() KD = lambda s, d: H("%s:%s" % (s, d)) A2 = "".join([method, ":", request_uri]) self.challenge['cnonce'] = cnonce or _cnonce() request_digest = '"%s"' % KD(H(self.A1), "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (self.challenge['nonce'], '%08x' % self.challenge['nc'], self.challenge['cnonce'], self.challenge['qop'], H(A2) )) headers['authorization'] = 'Digest username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", algorithm=%s, response=%s, qop=%s, nc=%08x, cnonce="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], self.challenge['realm'], self.challenge['nonce'], request_uri, self.challenge['algorithm'], request_digest, self.challenge['qop'], self.challenge['nc'], self.challenge['cnonce'], ) if self.challenge.get('opaque'): headers['authorization'] += ', opaque="%s"' % self.challenge['opaque'] self.challenge['nc'] += 1 def response(self, response, content): if not response.has_key('authentication-info'): challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('digest', {}) if 'true' == challenge.get('stale'): self.challenge['nonce'] = challenge['nonce'] self.challenge['nc'] = 1 return True else: updated_challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'authentication-info').get('digest', {}) if updated_challenge.has_key('nextnonce'): self.challenge['nonce'] = updated_challenge['nextnonce'] self.challenge['nc'] = 1 return False class HmacDigestAuthentication(Authentication): """Adapted from Robert Sayre's code and DigestAuthentication above.""" __author__ = "Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') self.challenge = challenge['hmacdigest'] # TODO: self.challenge['domain'] self.challenge['reason'] = self.challenge.get('reason', 'unauthorized') if self.challenge['reason'] not in ['unauthorized', 'integrity']: self.challenge['reason'] = 'unauthorized' self.challenge['salt'] = self.challenge.get('salt', '') if not self.challenge.get('snonce'): raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("The challenge doesn't contain a server nonce, or this one is empty.")) self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'HMAC-SHA-1') if self.challenge['algorithm'] not in ['HMAC-SHA-1', 'HMAC-MD5']: raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm'])) self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('pw-algorithm', 'SHA-1') if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] not in ['SHA-1', 'MD5']: raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for pw-algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['pw-algorithm'])) if self.challenge['algorithm'] == 'HMAC-MD5': self.hashmod = _md5 else: self.hashmod = _sha if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] == 'MD5': self.pwhashmod = _md5 else: self.pwhashmod = _sha self.key = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":", self.pwhashmod.new("".join([self.credentials[1], self.challenge['salt']])).hexdigest().lower(), ":", self.challenge['realm'] ]) self.key = self.pwhashmod.new(self.key).hexdigest().lower() def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers""" keys = _get_end2end_headers(headers) keylist = "".join(["%s " % k for k in keys]) headers_val = "".join([headers[k] for k in keys]) created = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',time.gmtime()) cnonce = _cnonce() request_digest = "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (method, request_uri, cnonce, self.challenge['snonce'], headers_val) request_digest = hmac.new(self.key, request_digest, self.hashmod).hexdigest().lower() headers['authorization'] = 'HMACDigest username="%s", realm="%s", snonce="%s", cnonce="%s", uri="%s", created="%s", response="%s", headers="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], self.challenge['realm'], self.challenge['snonce'], cnonce, request_uri, created, request_digest, keylist, ) def response(self, response, content): challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('hmacdigest', {}) if challenge.get('reason') in ['integrity', 'stale']: return True return False class WsseAuthentication(Authentication): """This is thinly tested and should not be relied upon. At this time there isn't any third party server to test against. Blogger and TypePad implemented this algorithm at one point but Blogger has since switched to Basic over HTTPS and TypePad has implemented it wrong, by never issuing a 401 challenge but instead requiring your client to telepathically know that their endpoint is expecting WSSE profile="UsernameToken".""" def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'WSSE profile="UsernameToken"' iso_now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime()) cnonce = _cnonce() password_digest = _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, self.credentials[1]) headers['X-WSSE'] = 'UsernameToken Username="%s", PasswordDigest="%s", Nonce="%s", Created="%s"' % ( self.credentials[0], password_digest, cnonce, iso_now) class GoogleLoginAuthentication(Authentication): def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http): from urllib import urlencode Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http) challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') service = challenge['googlelogin'].get('service', 'xapi') # Bloggger actually returns the service in the challenge # For the rest we guess based on the URI if service == 'xapi' and request_uri.find("calendar") > 0: service = "cl" # No point in guessing Base or Spreadsheet #elif request_uri.find("spreadsheets") > 0: # service = "wise" auth = dict(Email=credentials[0], Passwd=credentials[1], service=service, source=headers['user-agent']) resp, content = self.http.request("https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin", method="POST", body=urlencode(auth), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}) lines = content.split('\n') d = dict([tuple(line.split("=", 1)) for line in lines if line]) if resp.status == 403: self.Auth = "" else: self.Auth = d['Auth'] def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content): """Modify the request headers to add the appropriate Authorization header.""" headers['authorization'] = 'GoogleLogin Auth=' + self.Auth AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES = { "basic": BasicAuthentication, "wsse": WsseAuthentication, "digest": DigestAuthentication, "hmacdigest": HmacDigestAuthentication, "googlelogin": GoogleLoginAuthentication } AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER = ["hmacdigest", "googlelogin", "digest", "wsse", "basic"] class FileCache(object): """Uses a local directory as a store for cached files. Not really safe to use if multiple threads or processes are going to be running on the same cache. """ def __init__(self, cache, safe=safename): # use safe=lambda x: md5.new(x).hexdigest() for the old behavior self.cache = cache self.safe = safe if not os.path.exists(cache): os.makedirs(self.cache) def get(self, key): retval = None cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) try: f = file(cacheFullPath, "rb") retval = f.read() f.close() except IOError: pass return retval def set(self, key, value): cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) f = file(cacheFullPath, "wb") f.write(value) f.close() def delete(self, key): cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key)) if os.path.exists(cacheFullPath): os.remove(cacheFullPath) class Credentials(object): def __init__(self): self.credentials = [] def add(self, name, password, domain=""): self.credentials.append((domain.lower(), name, password)) def clear(self): self.credentials = [] def iter(self, domain): for (cdomain, name, password) in self.credentials: if cdomain == "" or domain == cdomain: yield (name, password) class KeyCerts(Credentials): """Identical to Credentials except that name/password are mapped to key/cert.""" pass class ProxyInfo(object): """Collect information required to use a proxy.""" def __init__(self, proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns=None, proxy_user=None, proxy_pass=None): """The parameter proxy_type must be set to one of socks.PROXY_TYPE_XXX constants. For example: p = ProxyInfo(proxy_type=socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, proxy_host='localhost', proxy_port=8000) """ self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns, self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass = proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns, proxy_user, proxy_pass def astuple(self): return (self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns, self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass) def isgood(self): return (self.proxy_host != None) and (self.proxy_port != None) class HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPConnection): """ HTTPConnection subclass that supports timeouts All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None): httplib.HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict) self.timeout = timeout self.proxy_info = proxy_info def connect(self): """Connect to the host and port specified in __init__.""" # Mostly verbatim from httplib.py. if self.proxy_info and socks is None: raise ProxiesUnavailableError( 'Proxy support missing but proxy use was requested!') msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res try: if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood(): self.sock = socks.socksocket(af, socktype, proto) self.sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple()) else: self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) # Different from httplib: support timeouts. if has_timeout(self.timeout): self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout) # End of difference from httplib. if self.debuglevel > 0: print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port) self.sock.connect(sa) except socket.error, msg: if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port) if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None continue break if not self.sock: raise socket.error, msg class HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPSConnection): """ This class allows communication via SSL. All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False): httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, host, port=port, key_file=key_file, cert_file=cert_file, strict=strict) self.timeout = timeout self.proxy_info = proxy_info if ca_certs is None: ca_certs = CA_CERTS self.ca_certs = ca_certs self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \ disable_ssl_certificate_validation # The following two methods were adapted from https_wrapper.py, released # with the Google Appengine SDK at # http://googleappengine.googlecode.com/svn-history/r136/trunk/python/google/appengine/tools/https_wrapper.py # under the following license: # # Copyright 2007 Google Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # def _GetValidHostsForCert(self, cert): """Returns a list of valid host globs for an SSL certificate. Args: cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate. Returns: list: A list of valid host globs. """ if 'subjectAltName' in cert: return [x[1] for x in cert['subjectAltName'] if x[0].lower() == 'dns'] else: return [x[0][1] for x in cert['subject'] if x[0][0].lower() == 'commonname'] def _ValidateCertificateHostname(self, cert, hostname): """Validates that a given hostname is valid for an SSL certificate. Args: cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate. hostname: The hostname to test. Returns: bool: Whether or not the hostname is valid for this certificate. """ hosts = self._GetValidHostsForCert(cert) for host in hosts: host_re = host.replace('.', '\.').replace('*', '[^.]*') if re.search('^%s$' % (host_re,), hostname, re.I): return True return False def connect(self): "Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port." msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list" for family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr in socket.getaddrinfo( self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM): try: if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood(): sock = socks.socksocket(family, socktype, proto) sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple()) else: sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto) sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) if has_timeout(self.timeout): sock.settimeout(self.timeout) sock.connect((self.host, self.port)) self.sock =_ssl_wrap_socket( sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file, self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation, self.ca_certs) if self.debuglevel > 0: print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port) if not self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation: cert = self.sock.getpeercert() hostname = self.host.split(':', 0)[0] if not self._ValidateCertificateHostname(cert, hostname): raise CertificateHostnameMismatch( 'Server presented certificate that does not match ' 'host %s: %s' % (hostname, cert), hostname, cert) except ssl_SSLError, e: if sock: sock.close() if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None # Unfortunately the ssl module doesn't seem to provide any way # to get at more detailed error information, in particular # whether the error is due to certificate validation or # something else (such as SSL protocol mismatch). if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_SSL: raise SSLHandshakeError(e) else: raise except (socket.timeout, socket.gaierror): raise except socket.error, msg: if self.debuglevel > 0: print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port) if self.sock: self.sock.close() self.sock = None continue break if not self.sock: raise socket.error, msg SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = { 'http': HTTPConnectionWithTimeout, 'https': HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout } # Use a different connection object for Google App Engine try: from google.appengine.api import apiproxy_stub_map if apiproxy_stub_map.apiproxy.GetStub('urlfetch') is None: raise ImportError # Bail out; we're not actually running on App Engine. from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import fetch from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import InvalidURLError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import DownloadError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import ResponseTooLargeError from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import SSLCertificateError class ResponseDict(dict): """Is a dictionary that also has a read() method, so that it can pass itself off as an httlib.HTTPResponse().""" def read(self): pass class AppEngineHttpConnection(object): """Emulates an httplib.HTTPConnection object, but actually uses the Google App Engine urlfetch library. This allows the timeout to be properly used on Google App Engine, and avoids using httplib, which on Google App Engine is just another wrapper around urlfetch. """ def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_certificate_validation=False): self.host = host self.port = port self.timeout = timeout if key_file or cert_file or proxy_info or ca_certs: raise NotSupportedOnThisPlatform() self.response = None self.scheme = 'http' self.validate_certificate = not disable_certificate_validation self.sock = True def request(self, method, url, body, headers): # Calculate the absolute URI, which fetch requires netloc = self.host if self.port: netloc = '%s:%s' % (self.host, self.port) absolute_uri = '%s://%s%s' % (self.scheme, netloc, url) try: response = fetch(absolute_uri, payload=body, method=method, headers=headers, allow_truncated=False, follow_redirects=False, deadline=self.timeout, validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate) self.response = ResponseDict(response.headers) self.response['status'] = str(response.status_code) self.response.status = response.status_code setattr(self.response, 'read', lambda : response.content) # Make sure the exceptions raised match the exceptions expected. except InvalidURLError: raise socket.gaierror('') except (DownloadError, ResponseTooLargeError, SSLCertificateError): raise httplib.HTTPException() def getresponse(self): if self.response: return self.response else: raise httplib.HTTPException() def set_debuglevel(self, level): pass def connect(self): pass def close(self): pass class AppEngineHttpsConnection(AppEngineHttpConnection): """Same as AppEngineHttpConnection, but for HTTPS URIs.""" def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None): AppEngineHttpConnection.__init__(self, host, port, key_file, cert_file, strict, timeout, proxy_info) self.scheme = 'https' # Update the connection classes to use the Googel App Engine specific ones. SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION = { 'http': AppEngineHttpConnection, 'https': AppEngineHttpsConnection } except ImportError: pass class Http(object): """An HTTP client that handles: - all methods - caching - ETags - compression, - HTTPS - Basic - Digest - WSSE and more. """ def __init__(self, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False): """ The value of proxy_info is a ProxyInfo instance. If 'cache' is a string then it is used as a directory name for a disk cache. Otherwise it must be an object that supports the same interface as FileCache. All timeouts are in seconds. If None is passed for timeout then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout(): http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout ca_certs is the path of a file containing root CA certificates for SSL server certificate validation. By default, a CA cert file bundled with httplib2 is used. If disable_ssl_certificate_validation is true, SSL cert validation will not be performed. """ self.proxy_info = proxy_info self.ca_certs = ca_certs self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \ disable_ssl_certificate_validation # Map domain name to an httplib connection self.connections = {} # The location of the cache, for now a directory # where cached responses are held. if cache and isinstance(cache, basestring): self.cache = FileCache(cache) else: self.cache = cache # Name/password self.credentials = Credentials() # Key/cert self.certificates = KeyCerts() # authorization objects self.authorizations = [] # If set to False then no redirects are followed, even safe ones. self.follow_redirects = True # Which HTTP methods do we apply optimistic concurrency to, i.e. # which methods get an "if-match:" etag header added to them. self.optimistic_concurrency_methods = ["PUT", "PATCH"] # If 'follow_redirects' is True, and this is set to True then # all redirecs are followed, including unsafe ones. self.follow_all_redirects = False self.ignore_etag = False self.force_exception_to_status_code = False self.timeout = timeout def _auth_from_challenge(self, host, request_uri, headers, response, content): """A generator that creates Authorization objects that can be applied to requests. """ challenges = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate') for cred in self.credentials.iter(host): for scheme in AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER: if challenges.has_key(scheme): yield AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES[scheme](cred, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, self) def add_credentials(self, name, password, domain=""): """Add a name and password that will be used any time a request requires authentication.""" self.credentials.add(name, password, domain) def add_certificate(self, key, cert, domain): """Add a key and cert that will be used any time a request requires authentication.""" self.certificates.add(key, cert, domain) def clear_credentials(self): """Remove all the names and passwords that are used for authentication""" self.credentials.clear() self.authorizations = [] def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers): for i in range(2): try: if conn.sock is None: conn.connect() conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers) except socket.timeout: raise except socket.gaierror: conn.close() raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host) except ssl_SSLError: conn.close() raise except socket.error, e: err = 0 if hasattr(e, 'args'): err = getattr(e, 'args')[0] else: err = e.errno if err == errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Connection refused raise except httplib.HTTPException: # Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean # that the server didn't send a response. if conn.sock is None: if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue else: conn.close() raise if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue try: response = conn.getresponse() except (socket.error, httplib.HTTPException): if i == 0: conn.close() conn.connect() continue else: raise else: content = "" if method == "HEAD": response.close() else: content = response.read() response = Response(response) if method != "HEAD": content = _decompressContent(response, content) break return (response, content) def _request(self, conn, host, absolute_uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey): """Do the actual request using the connection object and also follow one level of redirects if necessary""" auths = [(auth.depth(request_uri), auth) for auth in self.authorizations if auth.inscope(host, request_uri)] auth = auths and sorted(auths)[0][1] or None if auth: auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers) if auth: if auth.response(response, body): auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers ) response._stale_digest = 1 if response.status == 401: for authorization in self._auth_from_challenge(host, request_uri, headers, response, content): authorization.request(method, request_uri, headers, body) (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers, ) if response.status != 401: self.authorizations.append(authorization) authorization.response(response, body) break if (self.follow_all_redirects or (method in ["GET", "HEAD"]) or response.status == 303): if self.follow_redirects and response.status in [300, 301, 302, 303, 307]: # Pick out the location header and basically start from the beginning # remembering first to strip the ETag header and decrement our 'depth' if redirections: if not response.has_key('location') and response.status != 300: raise RedirectMissingLocation( _("Redirected but the response is missing a Location: header."), response, content) # Fix-up relative redirects (which violate an RFC 2616 MUST) if response.has_key('location'): location = response['location'] (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(location) if authority == None: response['location'] = urlparse.urljoin(absolute_uri, location) if response.status == 301 and method in ["GET", "HEAD"]: response['-x-permanent-redirect-url'] = response['location'] if not response.has_key('content-location'): response['content-location'] = absolute_uri _updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey) if headers.has_key('if-none-match'): del headers['if-none-match'] if headers.has_key('if-modified-since'): del headers['if-modified-since'] if response.has_key('location'): location = response['location'] old_response = copy.deepcopy(response) if not old_response.has_key('content-location'): old_response['content-location'] = absolute_uri redirect_method = method if response.status in [302, 303]: redirect_method = "GET" body = None (response, content) = self.request(location, redirect_method, body=body, headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1) response.previous = old_response else: raise RedirectLimit("Redirected more times than rediection_limit allows.", response, content) elif response.status in [200, 203] and method in ["GET", "HEAD"]: # Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to handle byte range requests if not response.has_key('content-location'): response['content-location'] = absolute_uri _updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey) return (response, content) def _normalize_headers(self, headers): return _normalize_headers(headers) # Need to catch and rebrand some exceptions # Then need to optionally turn all exceptions into status codes # including all socket.* and httplib.* exceptions. def request(self, uri, method="GET", body=None, headers=None, redirections=DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None): """ Performs a single HTTP request. The 'uri' is the URI of the HTTP resource and can begin with either 'http' or 'https'. The value of 'uri' must be an absolute URI. The 'method' is the HTTP method to perform, such as GET, POST, DELETE, etc. There is no restriction on the methods allowed. The 'body' is the entity body to be sent with the request. It is a string object. Any extra headers that are to be sent with the request should be provided in the 'headers' dictionary. The maximum number of redirect to follow before raising an exception is 'redirections. The default is 5. The return value is a tuple of (response, content), the first being and instance of the 'Response' class, the second being a string that contains the response entity body. """ try: if headers is None: headers = {} else: headers = self._normalize_headers(headers) if not headers.has_key('user-agent'): headers['user-agent'] = "Python-httplib2/%s (gzip)" % __version__ uri = iri2uri(uri) (scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri) = urlnorm(uri) domain_port = authority.split(":")[0:2] if len(domain_port) == 2 and domain_port[1] == '443' and scheme == 'http': scheme = 'https' authority = domain_port[0] conn_key = scheme+":"+authority if conn_key in self.connections: conn = self.connections[conn_key] else: if not connection_type: connection_type = SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION[scheme] certs = list(self.certificates.iter(authority)) if issubclass(connection_type, HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout): if certs: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, key_file=certs[0][0], cert_file=certs[0][1], timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info, ca_certs=self.ca_certs, disable_ssl_certificate_validation= self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation) else: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info, ca_certs=self.ca_certs, disable_ssl_certificate_validation= self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation) else: conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type( authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info) conn.set_debuglevel(debuglevel) if 'range' not in headers and 'accept-encoding' not in headers: headers['accept-encoding'] = 'gzip, deflate' info = email.Message.Message() cached_value = None if self.cache: cachekey = defrag_uri cached_value = self.cache.get(cachekey) if cached_value: # info = email.message_from_string(cached_value) # # Need to replace the line above with the kludge below # to fix the non-existent bug not fixed in this # bug report: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2005-September/030289.html try: info, content = cached_value.split('\r\n\r\n', 1) feedparser = email.FeedParser.FeedParser() feedparser.feed(info) info = feedparser.close() feedparser._parse = None except IndexError: self.cache.delete(cachekey) cachekey = None cached_value = None else: cachekey = None if method in self.optimistic_concurrency_methods and self.cache and info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and 'if-match' not in headers: # http://www.w3.org/1999/04/Editing/ headers['if-match'] = info['etag'] if method not in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and cachekey: # RFC 2616 Section 13.10 self.cache.delete(cachekey) # Check the vary header in the cache to see if this request # matches what varies in the cache. if method in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and 'vary' in info: vary = info['vary'] vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',') for header in vary_headers: key = '-varied-%s' % header value = info[key] if headers.get(header, None) != value: cached_value = None break if cached_value and method in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and 'range' not in headers: if info.has_key('-x-permanent-redirect-url'): # Should cached permanent redirects be counted in our redirection count? For now, yes. if redirections <= 0: raise RedirectLimit("Redirected more times than rediection_limit allows.", {}, "") (response, new_content) = self.request(info['-x-permanent-redirect-url'], "GET", headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1) response.previous = Response(info) response.previous.fromcache = True else: # Determine our course of action: # Is the cached entry fresh or stale? # Has the client requested a non-cached response? # # There seems to be three possible answers: # 1. [FRESH] Return the cache entry w/o doing a GET # 2. [STALE] Do the GET (but add in cache validators if available) # 3. [TRANSPARENT] Do a GET w/o any cache validators (Cache-Control: no-cache) on the request entry_disposition = _entry_disposition(info, headers) if entry_disposition == "FRESH": if not cached_value: info['status'] = '504' content = "" response = Response(info) if cached_value: response.fromcache = True return (response, content) if entry_disposition == "STALE": if info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and not 'if-none-match' in headers: headers['if-none-match'] = info['etag'] if info.has_key('last-modified') and not 'last-modified' in headers: headers['if-modified-since'] = info['last-modified'] elif entry_disposition == "TRANSPARENT": pass (response, new_content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey) if response.status == 304 and method == "GET": # Rewrite the cache entry with the new end-to-end headers # Take all headers that are in response # and overwrite their values in info. # unless they are hop-by-hop, or are listed in the connection header. for key in _get_end2end_headers(response): info[key] = response[key] merged_response = Response(info) if hasattr(response, "_stale_digest"): merged_response._stale_digest = response._stale_digest _updateCache(headers, merged_response, content, self.cache, cachekey) response = merged_response response.status = 200 response.fromcache = True elif response.status == 200: content = new_content else: self.cache.delete(cachekey) content = new_content else: cc = _parse_cache_control(headers) if cc.has_key('only-if-cached'): info['status'] = '504' response = Response(info) content = "" else: (response, content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey) except Exception, e: if self.force_exception_to_status_code: if isinstance(e, HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): response = e.response content = e.content response.status = 500 response.reason = str(e) elif isinstance(e, socket.timeout): content = "Request Timeout" response = Response( { "content-type": "text/plain", "status": "408", "content-length": len(content) }) response.reason = "Request Timeout" else: content = str(e) response = Response( { "content-type": "text/plain", "status": "400", "content-length": len(content) }) response.reason = "Bad Request" else: raise return (response, content) class Response(dict): """An object more like email.Message than httplib.HTTPResponse.""" """Is this response from our local cache""" fromcache = False """HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1. """ version = 11 "Status code returned by server. " status = 200 """Reason phrase returned by server.""" reason = "Ok" previous = None def __init__(self, info): # info is either an email.Message or # an httplib.HTTPResponse object. if isinstance(info, httplib.HTTPResponse): for key, value in info.getheaders(): self[key.lower()] = value self.status = info.status self['status'] = str(self.status) self.reason = info.reason self.version = info.version elif isinstance(info, email.Message.Message): for key, value in info.items(): self[key] = value self.status = int(self['status']) else: for key, value in info.iteritems(): self[key] = value self.status = int(self.get('status', self.status)) def __getattr__(self, name): if name == 'dict': return self else: raise AttributeError, name
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright (c) 2002, Google Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are # met: # # * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above # copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer # in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its # contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from # this software without specific prior written permission. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR # A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT # OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, # SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, # DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY # THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # # --- # Author: Chad Lester # Design and style contributions by: # Amit Patel, Bogdan Cocosel, Daniel Dulitz, Eric Tiedemann, # Eric Veach, Laurence Gonsalves, Matthew Springer # Code reorganized a bit by Craig Silverstein """This module is used to define and parse command line flags. This module defines a *distributed* flag-definition policy: rather than an application having to define all flags in or near main(), each python module defines flags that are useful to it. When one python module imports another, it gains access to the other's flags. (This is implemented by having all modules share a common, global registry object containing all the flag information.) Flags are defined through the use of one of the DEFINE_xxx functions. The specific function used determines how the flag is parsed, checked, and optionally type-converted, when it's seen on the command line. IMPLEMENTATION: DEFINE_* creates a 'Flag' object and registers it with a 'FlagValues' object (typically the global FlagValues FLAGS, defined here). The 'FlagValues' object can scan the command line arguments and pass flag arguments to the corresponding 'Flag' objects for value-checking and type conversion. The converted flag values are available as attributes of the 'FlagValues' object. Code can access the flag through a FlagValues object, for instance gflags.FLAGS.myflag. Typically, the __main__ module passes the command line arguments to gflags.FLAGS for parsing. At bottom, this module calls getopt(), so getopt functionality is supported, including short- and long-style flags, and the use of -- to terminate flags. Methods defined by the flag module will throw 'FlagsError' exceptions. The exception argument will be a human-readable string. FLAG TYPES: This is a list of the DEFINE_*'s that you can do. All flags take a name, default value, help-string, and optional 'short' name (one-letter name). Some flags have other arguments, which are described with the flag. DEFINE_string: takes any input, and interprets it as a string. DEFINE_bool or DEFINE_boolean: typically does not take an argument: say --myflag to set FLAGS.myflag to true, or --nomyflag to set FLAGS.myflag to false. Alternately, you can say --myflag=true or --myflag=t or --myflag=1 or --myflag=false or --myflag=f or --myflag=0 DEFINE_float: takes an input and interprets it as a floating point number. Takes optional args lower_bound and upper_bound; if the number specified on the command line is out of range, it will raise a FlagError. DEFINE_integer: takes an input and interprets it as an integer. Takes optional args lower_bound and upper_bound as for floats. DEFINE_enum: takes a list of strings which represents legal values. If the command-line value is not in this list, raise a flag error. Otherwise, assign to FLAGS.flag as a string. DEFINE_list: Takes a comma-separated list of strings on the commandline. Stores them in a python list object. DEFINE_spaceseplist: Takes a space-separated list of strings on the commandline. Stores them in a python list object. Example: --myspacesepflag "foo bar baz" DEFINE_multistring: The same as DEFINE_string, except the flag can be specified more than once on the commandline. The result is a python list object (list of strings), even if the flag is only on the command line once. DEFINE_multi_int: The same as DEFINE_integer, except the flag can be specified more than once on the commandline. The result is a python list object (list of ints), even if the flag is only on the command line once. SPECIAL FLAGS: There are a few flags that have special meaning: --help prints a list of all the flags in a human-readable fashion --helpshort prints a list of all key flags (see below). --helpxml prints a list of all flags, in XML format. DO NOT parse the output of --help and --helpshort. Instead, parse the output of --helpxml. For more info, see "OUTPUT FOR --helpxml" below. --flagfile=foo read flags from file foo. --undefok=f1,f2 ignore unrecognized option errors for f1,f2. For boolean flags, you should use --undefok=boolflag, and --boolflag and --noboolflag will be accepted. Do not use --undefok=noboolflag. -- as in getopt(), terminates flag-processing FLAGS VALIDATORS: If your program: - requires flag X to be specified - needs flag Y to match a regular expression - or requires any more general constraint to be satisfied then validators are for you! Each validator represents a constraint over one flag, which is enforced starting from the initial parsing of the flags and until the program terminates. Also, lower_bound and upper_bound for numerical flags are enforced using flag validators. Howto: If you want to enforce a constraint over one flag, use gflags.RegisterValidator(flag_name, checker, message='Flag validation failed', flag_values=FLAGS) After flag values are initially parsed, and after any change to the specified flag, method checker(flag_value) will be executed. If constraint is not satisfied, an IllegalFlagValue exception will be raised. See RegisterValidator's docstring for a detailed explanation on how to construct your own checker. EXAMPLE USAGE: FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS gflags.DEFINE_integer('my_version', 0, 'Version number.') gflags.DEFINE_string('filename', None, 'Input file name', short_name='f') gflags.RegisterValidator('my_version', lambda value: value % 2 == 0, message='--my_version must be divisible by 2') gflags.MarkFlagAsRequired('filename') NOTE ON --flagfile: Flags may be loaded from text files in addition to being specified on the commandline. Any flags you don't feel like typing, throw them in a file, one flag per line, for instance: --myflag=myvalue --nomyboolean_flag You then specify your file with the special flag '--flagfile=somefile'. You CAN recursively nest flagfile= tokens OR use multiple files on the command line. Lines beginning with a single hash '#' or a double slash '//' are comments in your flagfile. Any flagfile=<file> will be interpreted as having a relative path from the current working directory rather than from the place the file was included from: myPythonScript.py --flagfile=config/somefile.cfg If somefile.cfg includes further --flagfile= directives, these will be referenced relative to the original CWD, not from the directory the including flagfile was found in! The caveat applies to people who are including a series of nested files in a different dir than they are executing out of. Relative path names are always from CWD, not from the directory of the parent include flagfile. We do now support '~' expanded directory names. Absolute path names ALWAYS work! EXAMPLE USAGE: FLAGS = gflags.FLAGS # Flag names are globally defined! So in general, we need to be # careful to pick names that are unlikely to be used by other libraries. # If there is a conflict, we'll get an error at import time. gflags.DEFINE_string('name', 'Mr. President', 'your name') gflags.DEFINE_integer('age', None, 'your age in years', lower_bound=0) gflags.DEFINE_boolean('debug', False, 'produces debugging output') gflags.DEFINE_enum('gender', 'male', ['male', 'female'], 'your gender') def main(argv): try: argv = FLAGS(argv) # parse flags except gflags.FlagsError, e: print '%s\\nUsage: %s ARGS\\n%s' % (e, sys.argv[0], FLAGS) sys.exit(1) if FLAGS.debug: print 'non-flag arguments:', argv print 'Happy Birthday', FLAGS.name if FLAGS.age is not None: print 'You are a %d year old %s' % (FLAGS.age, FLAGS.gender) if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv) KEY FLAGS: As we already explained, each module gains access to all flags defined by all the other modules it transitively imports. In the case of non-trivial scripts, this means a lot of flags ... For documentation purposes, it is good to identify the flags that are key (i.e., really important) to a module. Clearly, the concept of "key flag" is a subjective one. When trying to determine whether a flag is key to a module or not, assume that you are trying to explain your module to a potential user: which flags would you really like to mention first? We'll describe shortly how to declare which flags are key to a module. For the moment, assume we know the set of key flags for each module. Then, if you use the app.py module, you can use the --helpshort flag to print only the help for the flags that are key to the main module, in a human-readable format. NOTE: If you need to parse the flag help, do NOT use the output of --help / --helpshort. That output is meant for human consumption, and may be changed in the future. Instead, use --helpxml; flags that are key for the main module are marked there with a <key>yes</key> element. The set of key flags for a module M is composed of: 1. Flags defined by module M by calling a DEFINE_* function. 2. Flags that module M explictly declares as key by using the function DECLARE_key_flag(<flag_name>) 3. Key flags of other modules that M specifies by using the function ADOPT_module_key_flags(<other_module>) This is a "bulk" declaration of key flags: each flag that is key for <other_module> becomes key for the current module too. Notice that if you do not use the functions described at points 2 and 3 above, then --helpshort prints information only about the flags defined by the main module of our script. In many cases, this behavior is good enough. But if you move part of the main module code (together with the related flags) into a different module, then it is nice to use DECLARE_key_flag / ADOPT_module_key_flags and make sure --helpshort lists all relevant flags (otherwise, your code refactoring may confuse your users). Note: each of DECLARE_key_flag / ADOPT_module_key_flags has its own pluses and minuses: DECLARE_key_flag is more targeted and may lead a more focused --helpshort documentation. ADOPT_module_key_flags is good for cases when an entire module is considered key to the current script. Also, it does not require updates to client scripts when a new flag is added to the module. EXAMPLE USAGE 2 (WITH KEY FLAGS): Consider an application that contains the following three files (two auxiliary modules and a main module) File libfoo.py: import gflags gflags.DEFINE_integer('num_replicas', 3, 'Number of replicas to start') gflags.DEFINE_boolean('rpc2', True, 'Turn on the usage of RPC2.') ... some code ... File libbar.py: import gflags gflags.DEFINE_string('bar_gfs_path', '/gfs/path', 'Path to the GFS files for libbar.') gflags.DEFINE_string('email_for_bar_errors', 'bar-team@google.com', 'Email address for bug reports about module libbar.') gflags.DEFINE_boolean('bar_risky_hack', False, 'Turn on an experimental and buggy optimization.') ... some code ... File myscript.py: import gflags import libfoo import libbar gflags.DEFINE_integer('num_iterations', 0, 'Number of iterations.') # Declare that all flags that are key for libfoo are # key for this module too. gflags.ADOPT_module_key_flags(libfoo) # Declare that the flag --bar_gfs_path (defined in libbar) is key # for this module. gflags.DECLARE_key_flag('bar_gfs_path') ... some code ... When myscript is invoked with the flag --helpshort, the resulted help message lists information about all the key flags for myscript: --num_iterations, --num_replicas, --rpc2, and --bar_gfs_path. Of course, myscript uses all the flags declared by it (in this case, just --num_replicas) or by any of the modules it transitively imports (e.g., the modules libfoo, libbar). E.g., it can access the value of FLAGS.bar_risky_hack, even if --bar_risky_hack is not declared as a key flag for myscript. OUTPUT FOR --helpxml: The --helpxml flag generates output with the following structure: <?xml version="1.0"?> <AllFlags> <program>PROGRAM_BASENAME</program> <usage>MAIN_MODULE_DOCSTRING</usage> (<flag> [<key>yes</key>] <file>DECLARING_MODULE</file> <name>FLAG_NAME</name> <meaning>FLAG_HELP_MESSAGE</meaning> <default>DEFAULT_FLAG_VALUE</default> <current>CURRENT_FLAG_VALUE</current> <type>FLAG_TYPE</type> [OPTIONAL_ELEMENTS] </flag>)* </AllFlags> Notes: 1. The output is intentionally similar to the output generated by the C++ command-line flag library. The few differences are due to the Python flags that do not have a C++ equivalent (at least not yet), e.g., DEFINE_list. 2. New XML elements may be added in the future. 3. DEFAULT_FLAG_VALUE is in serialized form, i.e., the string you can pass for this flag on the command-line. E.g., for a flag defined using DEFINE_list, this field may be foo,bar, not ['foo', 'bar']. 4. CURRENT_FLAG_VALUE is produced using str(). This means that the string 'false' will be represented in the same way as the boolean False. Using repr() would have removed this ambiguity and simplified parsing, but would have broken the compatibility with the C++ command-line flags. 5. OPTIONAL_ELEMENTS describe elements relevant for certain kinds of flags: lower_bound, upper_bound (for flags that specify bounds), enum_value (for enum flags), list_separator (for flags that consist of a list of values, separated by a special token). 6. We do not provide any example here: please use --helpxml instead. This module requires at least python 2.2.1 to run. """ import cgi import getopt import os import re import string import struct import sys # pylint: disable-msg=C6204 try: import fcntl except ImportError: fcntl = None try: # Importing termios will fail on non-unix platforms. import termios except ImportError: termios = None import gflags_validators # pylint: enable-msg=C6204 # Are we running under pychecker? _RUNNING_PYCHECKER = 'pychecker.python' in sys.modules def _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(): """Returns the module that's calling into this module. We generally use this function to get the name of the module calling a DEFINE_foo... function. """ # Walk down the stack to find the first globals dict that's not ours. for depth in range(1, sys.getrecursionlimit()): if not sys._getframe(depth).f_globals is globals(): globals_for_frame = sys._getframe(depth).f_globals module, module_name = _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_for_frame) if module_name is not None: return module, module_name raise AssertionError("No module was found") def _GetCallingModule(): """Returns the name of the module that's calling into this module.""" return _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName()[1] def _GetThisModuleObjectAndName(): """Returns: (module object, module name) for this module.""" return _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals()) # module exceptions: class FlagsError(Exception): """The base class for all flags errors.""" pass class DuplicateFlag(FlagsError): """Raised if there is a flag naming conflict.""" pass class CantOpenFlagFileError(FlagsError): """Raised if flagfile fails to open: doesn't exist, wrong permissions, etc.""" pass class DuplicateFlagCannotPropagateNoneToSwig(DuplicateFlag): """Special case of DuplicateFlag -- SWIG flag value can't be set to None. This can be raised when a duplicate flag is created. Even if allow_override is True, we still abort if the new value is None, because it's currently impossible to pass None default value back to SWIG. See FlagValues.SetDefault for details. """ pass class DuplicateFlagError(DuplicateFlag): """A DuplicateFlag whose message cites the conflicting definitions. A DuplicateFlagError conveys more information than a DuplicateFlag, namely the modules where the conflicting definitions occur. This class was created to avoid breaking external modules which depend on the existing DuplicateFlags interface. """ def __init__(self, flagname, flag_values, other_flag_values=None): """Create a DuplicateFlagError. Args: flagname: Name of the flag being redefined. flag_values: FlagValues object containing the first definition of flagname. other_flag_values: If this argument is not None, it should be the FlagValues object where the second definition of flagname occurs. If it is None, we assume that we're being called when attempting to create the flag a second time, and we use the module calling this one as the source of the second definition. """ self.flagname = flagname first_module = flag_values.FindModuleDefiningFlag( flagname, default='<unknown>') if other_flag_values is None: second_module = _GetCallingModule() else: second_module = other_flag_values.FindModuleDefiningFlag( flagname, default='<unknown>') msg = "The flag '%s' is defined twice. First from %s, Second from %s" % ( self.flagname, first_module, second_module) DuplicateFlag.__init__(self, msg) class IllegalFlagValue(FlagsError): """The flag command line argument is illegal.""" pass class UnrecognizedFlag(FlagsError): """Raised if a flag is unrecognized.""" pass # An UnrecognizedFlagError conveys more information than an UnrecognizedFlag. # Since there are external modules that create DuplicateFlags, the interface to # DuplicateFlag shouldn't change. The flagvalue will be assigned the full value # of the flag and its argument, if any, allowing handling of unrecognized flags # in an exception handler. # If flagvalue is the empty string, then this exception is an due to a # reference to a flag that was not already defined. class UnrecognizedFlagError(UnrecognizedFlag): def __init__(self, flagname, flagvalue=''): self.flagname = flagname self.flagvalue = flagvalue UnrecognizedFlag.__init__( self, "Unknown command line flag '%s'" % flagname) # Global variable used by expvar _exported_flags = {} _help_width = 80 # width of help output def GetHelpWidth(): """Returns: an integer, the width of help lines that is used in TextWrap.""" if (not sys.stdout.isatty()) or (termios is None) or (fcntl is None): return _help_width try: data = fcntl.ioctl(sys.stdout, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234') columns = struct.unpack('hh', data)[1] # Emacs mode returns 0. # Here we assume that any value below 40 is unreasonable if columns >= 40: return columns # Returning an int as default is fine, int(int) just return the int. return int(os.getenv('COLUMNS', _help_width)) except (TypeError, IOError, struct.error): return _help_width def CutCommonSpacePrefix(text): """Removes a common space prefix from the lines of a multiline text. If the first line does not start with a space, it is left as it is and only in the remaining lines a common space prefix is being searched for. That means the first line will stay untouched. This is especially useful to turn doc strings into help texts. This is because some people prefer to have the doc comment start already after the apostrophe and then align the following lines while others have the apostrophes on a separate line. The function also drops trailing empty lines and ignores empty lines following the initial content line while calculating the initial common whitespace. Args: text: text to work on Returns: the resulting text """ text_lines = text.splitlines() # Drop trailing empty lines while text_lines and not text_lines[-1]: text_lines = text_lines[:-1] if text_lines: # We got some content, is the first line starting with a space? if text_lines[0] and text_lines[0][0].isspace(): text_first_line = [] else: text_first_line = [text_lines.pop(0)] # Calculate length of common leading whitespace (only over content lines) common_prefix = os.path.commonprefix([line for line in text_lines if line]) space_prefix_len = len(common_prefix) - len(common_prefix.lstrip()) # If we have a common space prefix, drop it from all lines if space_prefix_len: for index in xrange(len(text_lines)): if text_lines[index]: text_lines[index] = text_lines[index][space_prefix_len:] return '\n'.join(text_first_line + text_lines) return '' def TextWrap(text, length=None, indent='', firstline_indent=None, tabs=' '): """Wraps a given text to a maximum line length and returns it. We turn lines that only contain whitespace into empty lines. We keep new lines and tabs (e.g., we do not treat tabs as spaces). Args: text: text to wrap length: maximum length of a line, includes indentation if this is None then use GetHelpWidth() indent: indent for all but first line firstline_indent: indent for first line; if None, fall back to indent tabs: replacement for tabs Returns: wrapped text Raises: FlagsError: if indent not shorter than length FlagsError: if firstline_indent not shorter than length """ # Get defaults where callee used None if length is None: length = GetHelpWidth() if indent is None: indent = '' if len(indent) >= length: raise FlagsError('Indent must be shorter than length') # In line we will be holding the current line which is to be started # with indent (or firstline_indent if available) and then appended # with words. if firstline_indent is None: firstline_indent = '' line = indent else: line = firstline_indent if len(firstline_indent) >= length: raise FlagsError('First line indent must be shorter than length') # If the callee does not care about tabs we simply convert them to # spaces If callee wanted tabs to be single space then we do that # already here. if not tabs or tabs == ' ': text = text.replace('\t', ' ') else: tabs_are_whitespace = not tabs.strip() line_regex = re.compile('([ ]*)(\t*)([^ \t]+)', re.MULTILINE) # Split the text into lines and the lines with the regex above. The # resulting lines are collected in result[]. For each split we get the # spaces, the tabs and the next non white space (e.g. next word). result = [] for text_line in text.splitlines(): # Store result length so we can find out whether processing the next # line gave any new content old_result_len = len(result) # Process next line with line_regex. For optimization we do an rstrip(). # - process tabs (changes either line or word, see below) # - process word (first try to squeeze on line, then wrap or force wrap) # Spaces found on the line are ignored, they get added while wrapping as # needed. for spaces, current_tabs, word in line_regex.findall(text_line.rstrip()): # If tabs weren't converted to spaces, handle them now if current_tabs: # If the last thing we added was a space anyway then drop # it. But let's not get rid of the indentation. if (((result and line != indent) or (not result and line != firstline_indent)) and line[-1] == ' '): line = line[:-1] # Add the tabs, if that means adding whitespace, just add it at # the line, the rstrip() code while shorten the line down if # necessary if tabs_are_whitespace: line += tabs * len(current_tabs) else: # if not all tab replacement is whitespace we prepend it to the word word = tabs * len(current_tabs) + word # Handle the case where word cannot be squeezed onto current last line if len(line) + len(word) > length and len(indent) + len(word) <= length: result.append(line.rstrip()) line = indent + word word = '' # No space left on line or can we append a space? if len(line) + 1 >= length: result.append(line.rstrip()) line = indent else: line += ' ' # Add word and shorten it up to allowed line length. Restart next # line with indent and repeat, or add a space if we're done (word # finished) This deals with words that cannot fit on one line # (e.g. indent + word longer than allowed line length). while len(line) + len(word) >= length: line += word result.append(line[:length]) word = line[length:] line = indent # Default case, simply append the word and a space if word: line += word + ' ' # End of input line. If we have content we finish the line. If the # current line is just the indent but we had content in during this # original line then we need to add an empty line. if (result and line != indent) or (not result and line != firstline_indent): result.append(line.rstrip()) elif len(result) == old_result_len: result.append('') line = indent return '\n'.join(result) def DocToHelp(doc): """Takes a __doc__ string and reformats it as help.""" # Get rid of starting and ending white space. Using lstrip() or even # strip() could drop more than maximum of first line and right space # of last line. doc = doc.strip() # Get rid of all empty lines whitespace_only_line = re.compile('^[ \t]+$', re.M) doc = whitespace_only_line.sub('', doc) # Cut out common space at line beginnings doc = CutCommonSpacePrefix(doc) # Just like this module's comment, comments tend to be aligned somehow. # In other words they all start with the same amount of white space # 1) keep double new lines # 2) keep ws after new lines if not empty line # 3) all other new lines shall be changed to a space # Solution: Match new lines between non white space and replace with space. doc = re.sub('(?<=\S)\n(?=\S)', ' ', doc, re.M) return doc def _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_dict): """Returns the module that defines a global environment, and its name. Args: globals_dict: A dictionary that should correspond to an environment providing the values of the globals. Returns: A pair consisting of (1) module object and (2) module name (a string). Returns (None, None) if the module could not be identified. """ # The use of .items() (instead of .iteritems()) is NOT a mistake: if # a parallel thread imports a module while we iterate over # .iteritems() (not nice, but possible), we get a RuntimeError ... # Hence, we use the slightly slower but safer .items(). for name, module in sys.modules.items(): if getattr(module, '__dict__', None) is globals_dict: if name == '__main__': # Pick a more informative name for the main module. name = sys.argv[0] return (module, name) return (None, None) def _GetMainModule(): """Returns: string, name of the module from which execution started.""" # First, try to use the same logic used by _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(), # i.e., call _GetModuleObjectAndName(). For that we first need to # find the dictionary that the main module uses to store the # globals. # # That's (normally) the same dictionary object that the deepest # (oldest) stack frame is using for globals. deepest_frame = sys._getframe(0) while deepest_frame.f_back is not None: deepest_frame = deepest_frame.f_back globals_for_main_module = deepest_frame.f_globals main_module_name = _GetModuleObjectAndName(globals_for_main_module)[1] # The above strategy fails in some cases (e.g., tools that compute # code coverage by redefining, among other things, the main module). # If so, just use sys.argv[0]. We can probably always do this, but # it's safest to try to use the same logic as _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() if main_module_name is None: main_module_name = sys.argv[0] return main_module_name class FlagValues: """Registry of 'Flag' objects. A 'FlagValues' can then scan command line arguments, passing flag arguments through to the 'Flag' objects that it owns. It also provides easy access to the flag values. Typically only one 'FlagValues' object is needed by an application: gflags.FLAGS This class is heavily overloaded: 'Flag' objects are registered via __setitem__: FLAGS['longname'] = x # register a new flag The .value attribute of the registered 'Flag' objects can be accessed as attributes of this 'FlagValues' object, through __getattr__. Both the long and short name of the original 'Flag' objects can be used to access its value: FLAGS.longname # parsed flag value FLAGS.x # parsed flag value (short name) Command line arguments are scanned and passed to the registered 'Flag' objects through the __call__ method. Unparsed arguments, including argv[0] (e.g. the program name) are returned. argv = FLAGS(sys.argv) # scan command line arguments The original registered Flag objects can be retrieved through the use of the dictionary-like operator, __getitem__: x = FLAGS['longname'] # access the registered Flag object The str() operator of a 'FlagValues' object provides help for all of the registered 'Flag' objects. """ def __init__(self): # Since everything in this class is so heavily overloaded, the only # way of defining and using fields is to access __dict__ directly. # Dictionary: flag name (string) -> Flag object. self.__dict__['__flags'] = {} # Dictionary: module name (string) -> list of Flag objects that are defined # by that module. self.__dict__['__flags_by_module'] = {} # Dictionary: module id (int) -> list of Flag objects that are defined by # that module. self.__dict__['__flags_by_module_id'] = {} # Dictionary: module name (string) -> list of Flag objects that are # key for that module. self.__dict__['__key_flags_by_module'] = {} # Set if we should use new style gnu_getopt rather than getopt when parsing # the args. Only possible with Python 2.3+ self.UseGnuGetOpt(False) def UseGnuGetOpt(self, use_gnu_getopt=True): """Use GNU-style scanning. Allows mixing of flag and non-flag arguments. See http://docs.python.org/library/getopt.html#getopt.gnu_getopt Args: use_gnu_getopt: wether or not to use GNU style scanning. """ self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt'] = use_gnu_getopt def IsGnuGetOpt(self): return self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt'] def FlagDict(self): return self.__dict__['__flags'] def FlagsByModuleDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_name -> list of defined flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module names (strings). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__flags_by_module'] def FlagsByModuleIdDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_id -> list of defined flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module IDs (ints). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__flags_by_module_id'] def KeyFlagsByModuleDict(self): """Returns the dictionary of module_name -> list of key flags. Returns: A dictionary. Its keys are module names (strings). Its values are lists of Flag objects. """ return self.__dict__['__key_flags_by_module'] def _RegisterFlagByModule(self, module_name, flag): """Records the module that defines a specific flag. We keep track of which flag is defined by which module so that we can later sort the flags by module. Args: module_name: A string, the name of a Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() flags_by_module.setdefault(module_name, []).append(flag) def _RegisterFlagByModuleId(self, module_id, flag): """Records the module that defines a specific flag. Args: module_id: An int, the ID of the Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ flags_by_module_id = self.FlagsByModuleIdDict() flags_by_module_id.setdefault(module_id, []).append(flag) def _RegisterKeyFlagForModule(self, module_name, flag): """Specifies that a flag is a key flag for a module. Args: module_name: A string, the name of a Python module. flag: A Flag object, a flag that is key to the module. """ key_flags_by_module = self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict() # The list of key flags for the module named module_name. key_flags = key_flags_by_module.setdefault(module_name, []) # Add flag, but avoid duplicates. if flag not in key_flags: key_flags.append(flag) def _GetFlagsDefinedByModule(self, module): """Returns the list of flags defined by a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). Returns: A new list of Flag objects. Caller may update this list as he wishes: none of those changes will affect the internals of this FlagValue object. """ if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ return list(self.FlagsByModuleDict().get(module, [])) def _GetKeyFlagsForModule(self, module): """Returns the list of key flags for a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string) Returns: A new list of Flag objects. Caller may update this list as he wishes: none of those changes will affect the internals of this FlagValue object. """ if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ # Any flag is a key flag for the module that defined it. NOTE: # key_flags is a fresh list: we can update it without affecting the # internals of this FlagValues object. key_flags = self._GetFlagsDefinedByModule(module) # Take into account flags explicitly declared as key for a module. for flag in self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict().get(module, []): if flag not in key_flags: key_flags.append(flag) return key_flags def FindModuleDefiningFlag(self, flagname, default=None): """Return the name of the module defining this flag, or default. Args: flagname: Name of the flag to lookup. default: Value to return if flagname is not defined. Defaults to None. Returns: The name of the module which registered the flag with this name. If no such module exists (i.e. no flag with this name exists), we return default. """ for module, flags in self.FlagsByModuleDict().iteritems(): for flag in flags: if flag.name == flagname or flag.short_name == flagname: return module return default def FindModuleIdDefiningFlag(self, flagname, default=None): """Return the ID of the module defining this flag, or default. Args: flagname: Name of the flag to lookup. default: Value to return if flagname is not defined. Defaults to None. Returns: The ID of the module which registered the flag with this name. If no such module exists (i.e. no flag with this name exists), we return default. """ for module_id, flags in self.FlagsByModuleIdDict().iteritems(): for flag in flags: if flag.name == flagname or flag.short_name == flagname: return module_id return default def AppendFlagValues(self, flag_values): """Appends flags registered in another FlagValues instance. Args: flag_values: registry to copy from """ for flag_name, flag in flag_values.FlagDict().iteritems(): # Each flags with shortname appears here twice (once under its # normal name, and again with its short name). To prevent # problems (DuplicateFlagError) with double flag registration, we # perform a check to make sure that the entry we're looking at is # for its normal name. if flag_name == flag.name: try: self[flag_name] = flag except DuplicateFlagError: raise DuplicateFlagError(flag_name, self, other_flag_values=flag_values) def RemoveFlagValues(self, flag_values): """Remove flags that were previously appended from another FlagValues. Args: flag_values: registry containing flags to remove. """ for flag_name in flag_values.FlagDict(): self.__delattr__(flag_name) def __setitem__(self, name, flag): """Registers a new flag variable.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if not isinstance(flag, Flag): raise IllegalFlagValue(flag) if not isinstance(name, type("")): raise FlagsError("Flag name must be a string") if len(name) == 0: raise FlagsError("Flag name cannot be empty") # If running under pychecker, duplicate keys are likely to be # defined. Disable check for duplicate keys when pycheck'ing. if (name in fl and not flag.allow_override and not fl[name].allow_override and not _RUNNING_PYCHECKER): module, module_name = _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() if (self.FindModuleDefiningFlag(name) == module_name and id(module) != self.FindModuleIdDefiningFlag(name)): # If the flag has already been defined by a module with the same name, # but a different ID, we can stop here because it indicates that the # module is simply being imported a subsequent time. return raise DuplicateFlagError(name, self) short_name = flag.short_name if short_name is not None: if (short_name in fl and not flag.allow_override and not fl[short_name].allow_override and not _RUNNING_PYCHECKER): raise DuplicateFlagError(short_name, self) fl[short_name] = flag fl[name] = flag global _exported_flags _exported_flags[name] = flag def __getitem__(self, name): """Retrieves the Flag object for the flag --name.""" return self.FlagDict()[name] def __getattr__(self, name): """Retrieves the 'value' attribute of the flag --name.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if name not in fl: raise AttributeError(name) return fl[name].value def __setattr__(self, name, value): """Sets the 'value' attribute of the flag --name.""" fl = self.FlagDict() fl[name].value = value self._AssertValidators(fl[name].validators) return value def _AssertAllValidators(self): all_validators = set() for flag in self.FlagDict().itervalues(): for validator in flag.validators: all_validators.add(validator) self._AssertValidators(all_validators) def _AssertValidators(self, validators): """Assert if all validators in the list are satisfied. Asserts validators in the order they were created. Args: validators: Iterable(gflags_validators.Validator), validators to be verified Raises: AttributeError: if validators work with a non-existing flag. IllegalFlagValue: if validation fails for at least one validator """ for validator in sorted( validators, key=lambda validator: validator.insertion_index): try: validator.Verify(self) except gflags_validators.Error, e: message = validator.PrintFlagsWithValues(self) raise IllegalFlagValue('%s: %s' % (message, str(e))) def _FlagIsRegistered(self, flag_obj): """Checks whether a Flag object is registered under some name. Note: this is non trivial: in addition to its normal name, a flag may have a short name too. In self.FlagDict(), both the normal and the short name are mapped to the same flag object. E.g., calling only "del FLAGS.short_name" is not unregistering the corresponding Flag object (it is still registered under the longer name). Args: flag_obj: A Flag object. Returns: A boolean: True iff flag_obj is registered under some name. """ flag_dict = self.FlagDict() # Check whether flag_obj is registered under its long name. name = flag_obj.name if flag_dict.get(name, None) == flag_obj: return True # Check whether flag_obj is registered under its short name. short_name = flag_obj.short_name if (short_name is not None and flag_dict.get(short_name, None) == flag_obj): return True # The flag cannot be registered under any other name, so we do not # need to do a full search through the values of self.FlagDict(). return False def __delattr__(self, flag_name): """Deletes a previously-defined flag from a flag object. This method makes sure we can delete a flag by using del flag_values_object.<flag_name> E.g., gflags.DEFINE_integer('foo', 1, 'Integer flag.') del gflags.FLAGS.foo Args: flag_name: A string, the name of the flag to be deleted. Raises: AttributeError: When there is no registered flag named flag_name. """ fl = self.FlagDict() if flag_name not in fl: raise AttributeError(flag_name) flag_obj = fl[flag_name] del fl[flag_name] if not self._FlagIsRegistered(flag_obj): # If the Flag object indicated by flag_name is no longer # registered (please see the docstring of _FlagIsRegistered), then # we delete the occurrences of the flag object in all our internal # dictionaries. self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.FlagsByModuleDict(), flag_obj) self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.FlagsByModuleIdDict(), flag_obj) self.__RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self.KeyFlagsByModuleDict(), flag_obj) def __RemoveFlagFromDictByModule(self, flags_by_module_dict, flag_obj): """Removes a flag object from a module -> list of flags dictionary. Args: flags_by_module_dict: A dictionary that maps module names to lists of flags. flag_obj: A flag object. """ for unused_module, flags_in_module in flags_by_module_dict.iteritems(): # while (as opposed to if) takes care of multiple occurrences of a # flag in the list for the same module. while flag_obj in flags_in_module: flags_in_module.remove(flag_obj) def SetDefault(self, name, value): """Changes the default value of the named flag object.""" fl = self.FlagDict() if name not in fl: raise AttributeError(name) fl[name].SetDefault(value) self._AssertValidators(fl[name].validators) def __contains__(self, name): """Returns True if name is a value (flag) in the dict.""" return name in self.FlagDict() has_key = __contains__ # a synonym for __contains__() def __iter__(self): return iter(self.FlagDict()) def __call__(self, argv): """Parses flags from argv; stores parsed flags into this FlagValues object. All unparsed arguments are returned. Flags are parsed using the GNU Program Argument Syntax Conventions, using getopt: http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#Getopt Args: argv: argument list. Can be of any type that may be converted to a list. Returns: The list of arguments not parsed as options, including argv[0] Raises: FlagsError: on any parsing error """ # Support any sequence type that can be converted to a list argv = list(argv) shortopts = "" longopts = [] fl = self.FlagDict() # This pre parses the argv list for --flagfile=<> options. argv = argv[:1] + self.ReadFlagsFromFiles(argv[1:], force_gnu=False) # Correct the argv to support the google style of passing boolean # parameters. Boolean parameters may be passed by using --mybool, # --nomybool, --mybool=(true|false|1|0). getopt does not support # having options that may or may not have a parameter. We replace # instances of the short form --mybool and --nomybool with their # full forms: --mybool=(true|false). original_argv = list(argv) # list() makes a copy shortest_matches = None for name, flag in fl.items(): if not flag.boolean: continue if shortest_matches is None: # Determine the smallest allowable prefix for all flag names shortest_matches = self.ShortestUniquePrefixes(fl) no_name = 'no' + name prefix = shortest_matches[name] no_prefix = shortest_matches[no_name] # Replace all occurrences of this boolean with extended forms for arg_idx in range(1, len(argv)): arg = argv[arg_idx] if arg.find('=') >= 0: continue if arg.startswith('--'+prefix) and ('--'+name).startswith(arg): argv[arg_idx] = ('--%s=true' % name) elif arg.startswith('--'+no_prefix) and ('--'+no_name).startswith(arg): argv[arg_idx] = ('--%s=false' % name) # Loop over all of the flags, building up the lists of short options # and long options that will be passed to getopt. Short options are # specified as a string of letters, each letter followed by a colon # if it takes an argument. Long options are stored in an array of # strings. Each string ends with an '=' if it takes an argument. for name, flag in fl.items(): longopts.append(name + "=") if len(name) == 1: # one-letter option: allow short flag type also shortopts += name if not flag.boolean: shortopts += ":" longopts.append('undefok=') undefok_flags = [] # In case --undefok is specified, loop to pick up unrecognized # options one by one. unrecognized_opts = [] args = argv[1:] while True: try: if self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: optlist, unparsed_args = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, shortopts, longopts) else: optlist, unparsed_args = getopt.getopt(args, shortopts, longopts) break except getopt.GetoptError, e: if not e.opt or e.opt in fl: # Not an unrecognized option, re-raise the exception as a FlagsError raise FlagsError(e) # Remove offender from args and try again for arg_index in range(len(args)): if ((args[arg_index] == '--' + e.opt) or (args[arg_index] == '-' + e.opt) or (args[arg_index].startswith('--' + e.opt + '='))): unrecognized_opts.append((e.opt, args[arg_index])) args = args[0:arg_index] + args[arg_index+1:] break else: # We should have found the option, so we don't expect to get # here. We could assert, but raising the original exception # might work better. raise FlagsError(e) for name, arg in optlist: if name == '--undefok': flag_names = arg.split(',') undefok_flags.extend(flag_names) # For boolean flags, if --undefok=boolflag is specified, then we should # also accept --noboolflag, in addition to --boolflag. # Since we don't know the type of the undefok'd flag, this will affect # non-boolean flags as well. # NOTE: You shouldn't use --undefok=noboolflag, because then we will # accept --nonoboolflag here. We are choosing not to do the conversion # from noboolflag -> boolflag because of the ambiguity that flag names # can start with 'no'. undefok_flags.extend('no' + name for name in flag_names) continue if name.startswith('--'): # long option name = name[2:] short_option = 0 else: # short option name = name[1:] short_option = 1 if name in fl: flag = fl[name] if flag.boolean and short_option: arg = 1 flag.Parse(arg) # If there were unrecognized options, raise an exception unless # the options were named via --undefok. for opt, value in unrecognized_opts: if opt not in undefok_flags: raise UnrecognizedFlagError(opt, value) if unparsed_args: if self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: # if using gnu_getopt just return the program name + remainder of argv. ret_val = argv[:1] + unparsed_args else: # unparsed_args becomes the first non-flag detected by getopt to # the end of argv. Because argv may have been modified above, # return original_argv for this region. ret_val = argv[:1] + original_argv[-len(unparsed_args):] else: ret_val = argv[:1] self._AssertAllValidators() return ret_val def Reset(self): """Resets the values to the point before FLAGS(argv) was called.""" for f in self.FlagDict().values(): f.Unparse() def RegisteredFlags(self): """Returns: a list of the names and short names of all registered flags.""" return list(self.FlagDict()) def FlagValuesDict(self): """Returns: a dictionary that maps flag names to flag values.""" flag_values = {} for flag_name in self.RegisteredFlags(): flag = self.FlagDict()[flag_name] flag_values[flag_name] = flag.value return flag_values def __str__(self): """Generates a help string for all known flags.""" return self.GetHelp() def GetHelp(self, prefix=''): """Generates a help string for all known flags.""" helplist = [] flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() if flags_by_module: modules = sorted(flags_by_module) # Print the help for the main module first, if possible. main_module = _GetMainModule() if main_module in modules: modules.remove(main_module) modules = [main_module] + modules for module in modules: self.__RenderOurModuleFlags(module, helplist) self.__RenderModuleFlags('gflags', _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values(), helplist) else: # Just print one long list of flags. self.__RenderFlagList( self.FlagDict().values() + _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values(), helplist, prefix) return '\n'.join(helplist) def __RenderModuleFlags(self, module, flags, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for a given module.""" if not isinstance(module, str): module = module.__name__ output_lines.append('\n%s%s:' % (prefix, module)) self.__RenderFlagList(flags, output_lines, prefix + " ") def __RenderOurModuleFlags(self, module, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for a given module.""" flags = self._GetFlagsDefinedByModule(module) if flags: self.__RenderModuleFlags(module, flags, output_lines, prefix) def __RenderOurModuleKeyFlags(self, module, output_lines, prefix=""): """Generates a help string for the key flags of a given module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). output_lines: A list of strings. The generated help message lines will be appended to this list. prefix: A string that is prepended to each generated help line. """ key_flags = self._GetKeyFlagsForModule(module) if key_flags: self.__RenderModuleFlags(module, key_flags, output_lines, prefix) def ModuleHelp(self, module): """Describe the key flags of a module. Args: module: A module object or a module name (a string). Returns: string describing the key flags of a module. """ helplist = [] self.__RenderOurModuleKeyFlags(module, helplist) return '\n'.join(helplist) def MainModuleHelp(self): """Describe the key flags of the main module. Returns: string describing the key flags of a module. """ return self.ModuleHelp(_GetMainModule()) def __RenderFlagList(self, flaglist, output_lines, prefix=" "): fl = self.FlagDict() special_fl = _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict() flaglist = [(flag.name, flag) for flag in flaglist] flaglist.sort() flagset = {} for (name, flag) in flaglist: # It's possible this flag got deleted or overridden since being # registered in the per-module flaglist. Check now against the # canonical source of current flag information, the FlagDict. if fl.get(name, None) != flag and special_fl.get(name, None) != flag: # a different flag is using this name now continue # only print help once if flag in flagset: continue flagset[flag] = 1 flaghelp = "" if flag.short_name: flaghelp += "-%s," % flag.short_name if flag.boolean: flaghelp += "--[no]%s" % flag.name + ":" else: flaghelp += "--%s" % flag.name + ":" flaghelp += " " if flag.help: flaghelp += flag.help flaghelp = TextWrap(flaghelp, indent=prefix+" ", firstline_indent=prefix) if flag.default_as_str: flaghelp += "\n" flaghelp += TextWrap("(default: %s)" % flag.default_as_str, indent=prefix+" ") if flag.parser.syntactic_help: flaghelp += "\n" flaghelp += TextWrap("(%s)" % flag.parser.syntactic_help, indent=prefix+" ") output_lines.append(flaghelp) def get(self, name, default): """Returns the value of a flag (if not None) or a default value. Args: name: A string, the name of a flag. default: Default value to use if the flag value is None. """ value = self.__getattr__(name) if value is not None: # Can't do if not value, b/c value might be '0' or "" return value else: return default def ShortestUniquePrefixes(self, fl): """Returns: dictionary; maps flag names to their shortest unique prefix.""" # Sort the list of flag names sorted_flags = [] for name, flag in fl.items(): sorted_flags.append(name) if flag.boolean: sorted_flags.append('no%s' % name) sorted_flags.sort() # For each name in the sorted list, determine the shortest unique # prefix by comparing itself to the next name and to the previous # name (the latter check uses cached info from the previous loop). shortest_matches = {} prev_idx = 0 for flag_idx in range(len(sorted_flags)): curr = sorted_flags[flag_idx] if flag_idx == (len(sorted_flags) - 1): next = None else: next = sorted_flags[flag_idx+1] next_len = len(next) for curr_idx in range(len(curr)): if (next is None or curr_idx >= next_len or curr[curr_idx] != next[curr_idx]): # curr longer than next or no more chars in common shortest_matches[curr] = curr[:max(prev_idx, curr_idx) + 1] prev_idx = curr_idx break else: # curr shorter than (or equal to) next shortest_matches[curr] = curr prev_idx = curr_idx + 1 # next will need at least one more char return shortest_matches def __IsFlagFileDirective(self, flag_string): """Checks whether flag_string contain a --flagfile=<foo> directive.""" if isinstance(flag_string, type("")): if flag_string.startswith('--flagfile='): return 1 elif flag_string == '--flagfile': return 1 elif flag_string.startswith('-flagfile='): return 1 elif flag_string == '-flagfile': return 1 else: return 0 return 0 def ExtractFilename(self, flagfile_str): """Returns filename from a flagfile_str of form -[-]flagfile=filename. The cases of --flagfile foo and -flagfile foo shouldn't be hitting this function, as they are dealt with in the level above this function. """ if flagfile_str.startswith('--flagfile='): return os.path.expanduser((flagfile_str[(len('--flagfile=')):]).strip()) elif flagfile_str.startswith('-flagfile='): return os.path.expanduser((flagfile_str[(len('-flagfile=')):]).strip()) else: raise FlagsError('Hit illegal --flagfile type: %s' % flagfile_str) def __GetFlagFileLines(self, filename, parsed_file_list): """Returns the useful (!=comments, etc) lines from a file with flags. Args: filename: A string, the name of the flag file. parsed_file_list: A list of the names of the files we have already read. MUTATED BY THIS FUNCTION. Returns: List of strings. See the note below. NOTE(springer): This function checks for a nested --flagfile=<foo> tag and handles the lower file recursively. It returns a list of all the lines that _could_ contain command flags. This is EVERYTHING except whitespace lines and comments (lines starting with '#' or '//'). """ line_list = [] # All line from flagfile. flag_line_list = [] # Subset of lines w/o comments, blanks, flagfile= tags. try: file_obj = open(filename, 'r') except IOError, e_msg: raise CantOpenFlagFileError('ERROR:: Unable to open flagfile: %s' % e_msg) line_list = file_obj.readlines() file_obj.close() parsed_file_list.append(filename) # This is where we check each line in the file we just read. for line in line_list: if line.isspace(): pass # Checks for comment (a line that starts with '#'). elif line.startswith('#') or line.startswith('//'): pass # Checks for a nested "--flagfile=<bar>" flag in the current file. # If we find one, recursively parse down into that file. elif self.__IsFlagFileDirective(line): sub_filename = self.ExtractFilename(line) # We do a little safety check for reparsing a file we've already done. if not sub_filename in parsed_file_list: included_flags = self.__GetFlagFileLines(sub_filename, parsed_file_list) flag_line_list.extend(included_flags) else: # Case of hitting a circularly included file. sys.stderr.write('Warning: Hit circular flagfile dependency: %s\n' % (sub_filename,)) else: # Any line that's not a comment or a nested flagfile should get # copied into 2nd position. This leaves earlier arguments # further back in the list, thus giving them higher priority. flag_line_list.append(line.strip()) return flag_line_list def ReadFlagsFromFiles(self, argv, force_gnu=True): """Processes command line args, but also allow args to be read from file. Args: argv: A list of strings, usually sys.argv[1:], which may contain one or more flagfile directives of the form --flagfile="./filename". Note that the name of the program (sys.argv[0]) should be omitted. force_gnu: If False, --flagfile parsing obeys normal flag semantics. If True, --flagfile parsing instead follows gnu_getopt semantics. *** WARNING *** force_gnu=False may become the future default! Returns: A new list which has the original list combined with what we read from any flagfile(s). References: Global gflags.FLAG class instance. This function should be called before the normal FLAGS(argv) call. This function scans the input list for a flag that looks like: --flagfile=<somefile>. Then it opens <somefile>, reads all valid key and value pairs and inserts them into the input list between the first item of the list and any subsequent items in the list. Note that your application's flags are still defined the usual way using gflags DEFINE_flag() type functions. Notes (assuming we're getting a commandline of some sort as our input): --> Flags from the command line argv _should_ always take precedence! --> A further "--flagfile=<otherfile.cfg>" CAN be nested in a flagfile. It will be processed after the parent flag file is done. --> For duplicate flags, first one we hit should "win". --> In a flagfile, a line beginning with # or // is a comment. --> Entirely blank lines _should_ be ignored. """ parsed_file_list = [] rest_of_args = argv new_argv = [] while rest_of_args: current_arg = rest_of_args[0] rest_of_args = rest_of_args[1:] if self.__IsFlagFileDirective(current_arg): # This handles the case of -(-)flagfile foo. In this case the # next arg really is part of this one. if current_arg == '--flagfile' or current_arg == '-flagfile': if not rest_of_args: raise IllegalFlagValue('--flagfile with no argument') flag_filename = os.path.expanduser(rest_of_args[0]) rest_of_args = rest_of_args[1:] else: # This handles the case of (-)-flagfile=foo. flag_filename = self.ExtractFilename(current_arg) new_argv.extend( self.__GetFlagFileLines(flag_filename, parsed_file_list)) else: new_argv.append(current_arg) # Stop parsing after '--', like getopt and gnu_getopt. if current_arg == '--': break # Stop parsing after a non-flag, like getopt. if not current_arg.startswith('-'): if not force_gnu and not self.__dict__['__use_gnu_getopt']: break if rest_of_args: new_argv.extend(rest_of_args) return new_argv def FlagsIntoString(self): """Returns a string with the flags assignments from this FlagValues object. This function ignores flags whose value is None. Each flag assignment is separated by a newline. NOTE: MUST mirror the behavior of the C++ CommandlineFlagsIntoString from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags """ s = '' for flag in self.FlagDict().values(): if flag.value is not None: s += flag.Serialize() + '\n' return s def AppendFlagsIntoFile(self, filename): """Appends all flags assignments from this FlagInfo object to a file. Output will be in the format of a flagfile. NOTE: MUST mirror the behavior of the C++ AppendFlagsIntoFile from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags """ out_file = open(filename, 'a') out_file.write(self.FlagsIntoString()) out_file.close() def WriteHelpInXMLFormat(self, outfile=None): """Outputs flag documentation in XML format. NOTE: We use element names that are consistent with those used by the C++ command-line flag library, from http://code.google.com/p/google-gflags We also use a few new elements (e.g., <key>), but we do not interfere / overlap with existing XML elements used by the C++ library. Please maintain this consistency. Args: outfile: File object we write to. Default None means sys.stdout. """ outfile = outfile or sys.stdout outfile.write('<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n') outfile.write('<AllFlags>\n') indent = ' ' _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'program', os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), indent) usage_doc = sys.modules['__main__'].__doc__ if not usage_doc: usage_doc = '\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n' % sys.argv[0] else: usage_doc = usage_doc.replace('%s', sys.argv[0]) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'usage', usage_doc, indent) # Get list of key flags for the main module. key_flags = self._GetKeyFlagsForModule(_GetMainModule()) # Sort flags by declaring module name and next by flag name. flags_by_module = self.FlagsByModuleDict() all_module_names = list(flags_by_module.keys()) all_module_names.sort() for module_name in all_module_names: flag_list = [(f.name, f) for f in flags_by_module[module_name]] flag_list.sort() for unused_flag_name, flag in flag_list: is_key = flag in key_flags flag.WriteInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, module_name, is_key=is_key, indent=indent) outfile.write('</AllFlags>\n') outfile.flush() def AddValidator(self, validator): """Register new flags validator to be checked. Args: validator: gflags_validators.Validator Raises: AttributeError: if validators work with a non-existing flag. """ for flag_name in validator.GetFlagsNames(): flag = self.FlagDict()[flag_name] flag.validators.append(validator) # end of FlagValues definition # The global FlagValues instance FLAGS = FlagValues() def _StrOrUnicode(value): """Converts value to a python string or, if necessary, unicode-string.""" try: return str(value) except UnicodeEncodeError: return unicode(value) def _MakeXMLSafe(s): """Escapes <, >, and & from s, and removes XML 1.0-illegal chars.""" s = cgi.escape(s) # Escape <, >, and & # Remove characters that cannot appear in an XML 1.0 document # (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#charsets). # # NOTE: if there are problems with current solution, one may move to # XML 1.1, which allows such chars, if they're entity-escaped (&#xHH;). s = re.sub(r'[\x00-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f]', '', s) # Convert non-ascii characters to entities. Note: requires python >=2.3 s = s.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace') # u'\xce\x88' -> 'u&#904;' return s def _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, name, value, indent): """Writes a simple XML element. Args: outfile: File object we write the XML element to. name: A string, the name of XML element. value: A Python object, whose string representation will be used as the value of the XML element. indent: A string, prepended to each line of generated output. """ value_str = _StrOrUnicode(value) if isinstance(value, bool): # Display boolean values as the C++ flag library does: no caps. value_str = value_str.lower() safe_value_str = _MakeXMLSafe(value_str) outfile.write('%s<%s>%s</%s>\n' % (indent, name, safe_value_str, name)) class Flag: """Information about a command-line flag. 'Flag' objects define the following fields: .name - the name for this flag .default - the default value for this flag .default_as_str - default value as repr'd string, e.g., "'true'" (or None) .value - the most recent parsed value of this flag; set by Parse() .help - a help string or None if no help is available .short_name - the single letter alias for this flag (or None) .boolean - if 'true', this flag does not accept arguments .present - true if this flag was parsed from command line flags. .parser - an ArgumentParser object .serializer - an ArgumentSerializer object .allow_override - the flag may be redefined without raising an error The only public method of a 'Flag' object is Parse(), but it is typically only called by a 'FlagValues' object. The Parse() method is a thin wrapper around the 'ArgumentParser' Parse() method. The parsed value is saved in .value, and the .present attribute is updated. If this flag was already present, a FlagsError is raised. Parse() is also called during __init__ to parse the default value and initialize the .value attribute. This enables other python modules to safely use flags even if the __main__ module neglects to parse the command line arguments. The .present attribute is cleared after __init__ parsing. If the default value is set to None, then the __init__ parsing step is skipped and the .value attribute is initialized to None. Note: The default value is also presented to the user in the help string, so it is important that it be a legal value for this flag. """ def __init__(self, parser, serializer, name, default, help_string, short_name=None, boolean=0, allow_override=0): self.name = name if not help_string: help_string = '(no help available)' self.help = help_string self.short_name = short_name self.boolean = boolean self.present = 0 self.parser = parser self.serializer = serializer self.allow_override = allow_override self.value = None self.validators = [] self.SetDefault(default) def __hash__(self): return hash(id(self)) def __eq__(self, other): return self is other def __lt__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Flag): return id(self) < id(other) return NotImplemented def __GetParsedValueAsString(self, value): if value is None: return None if self.serializer: return repr(self.serializer.Serialize(value)) if self.boolean: if value: return repr('true') else: return repr('false') return repr(_StrOrUnicode(value)) def Parse(self, argument): try: self.value = self.parser.Parse(argument) except ValueError, e: # recast ValueError as IllegalFlagValue raise IllegalFlagValue("flag --%s=%s: %s" % (self.name, argument, e)) self.present += 1 def Unparse(self): if self.default is None: self.value = None else: self.Parse(self.default) self.present = 0 def Serialize(self): if self.value is None: return '' if self.boolean: if self.value: return "--%s" % self.name else: return "--no%s" % self.name else: if not self.serializer: raise FlagsError("Serializer not present for flag %s" % self.name) return "--%s=%s" % (self.name, self.serializer.Serialize(self.value)) def SetDefault(self, value): """Changes the default value (and current value too) for this Flag.""" # We can't allow a None override because it may end up not being # passed to C++ code when we're overriding C++ flags. So we # cowardly bail out until someone fixes the semantics of trying to # pass None to a C++ flag. See swig_flags.Init() for details on # this behavior. # TODO(olexiy): Users can directly call this method, bypassing all flags # validators (we don't have FlagValues here, so we can not check # validators). # The simplest solution I see is to make this method private. # Another approach would be to store reference to the corresponding # FlagValues with each flag, but this seems to be an overkill. if value is None and self.allow_override: raise DuplicateFlagCannotPropagateNoneToSwig(self.name) self.default = value self.Unparse() self.default_as_str = self.__GetParsedValueAsString(self.value) def Type(self): """Returns: a string that describes the type of this Flag.""" # NOTE: we use strings, and not the types.*Type constants because # our flags can have more exotic types, e.g., 'comma separated list # of strings', 'whitespace separated list of strings', etc. return self.parser.Type() def WriteInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, module_name, is_key=False, indent=''): """Writes common info about this flag, in XML format. This is information that is relevant to all flags (e.g., name, meaning, etc.). If you defined a flag that has some other pieces of info, then please override _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat. Please do NOT override this method. Args: outfile: File object we write to. module_name: A string, the name of the module that defines this flag. is_key: A boolean, True iff this flag is key for main module. indent: A string that is prepended to each generated line. """ outfile.write(indent + '<flag>\n') inner_indent = indent + ' ' if is_key: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'key', 'yes', inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'file', module_name, inner_indent) # Print flag features that are relevant for all flags. _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'name', self.name, inner_indent) if self.short_name: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'short_name', self.short_name, inner_indent) if self.help: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'meaning', self.help, inner_indent) # The default flag value can either be represented as a string like on the # command line, or as a Python object. We serialize this value in the # latter case in order to remain consistent. if self.serializer and not isinstance(self.default, str): default_serialized = self.serializer.Serialize(self.default) else: default_serialized = self.default _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'default', default_serialized, inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'current', self.value, inner_indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'type', self.Type(), inner_indent) # Print extra flag features this flag may have. self._WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, inner_indent) outfile.write(indent + '</flag>\n') def _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): """Writes extra info about this flag, in XML format. "Extra" means "not already printed by WriteInfoInXMLFormat above." Args: outfile: File object we write to. indent: A string that is prepended to each generated line. """ # Usually, the parser knows the extra details about the flag, so # we just forward the call to it. self.parser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(outfile, indent) # End of Flag definition class _ArgumentParserCache(type): """Metaclass used to cache and share argument parsers among flags.""" _instances = {} def __call__(mcs, *args, **kwargs): """Returns an instance of the argument parser cls. This method overrides behavior of the __new__ methods in all subclasses of ArgumentParser (inclusive). If an instance for mcs with the same set of arguments exists, this instance is returned, otherwise a new instance is created. If any keyword arguments are defined, or the values in args are not hashable, this method always returns a new instance of cls. Args: args: Positional initializer arguments. kwargs: Initializer keyword arguments. Returns: An instance of cls, shared or new. """ if kwargs: return type.__call__(mcs, *args, **kwargs) else: instances = mcs._instances key = (mcs,) + tuple(args) try: return instances[key] except KeyError: # No cache entry for key exists, create a new one. return instances.setdefault(key, type.__call__(mcs, *args)) except TypeError: # An object in args cannot be hashed, always return # a new instance. return type.__call__(mcs, *args) class ArgumentParser(object): """Base class used to parse and convert arguments. The Parse() method checks to make sure that the string argument is a legal value and convert it to a native type. If the value cannot be converted, it should throw a 'ValueError' exception with a human readable explanation of why the value is illegal. Subclasses should also define a syntactic_help string which may be presented to the user to describe the form of the legal values. Argument parser classes must be stateless, since instances are cached and shared between flags. Initializer arguments are allowed, but all member variables must be derived from initializer arguments only. """ __metaclass__ = _ArgumentParserCache syntactic_help = "" def Parse(self, argument): """Default implementation: always returns its argument unmodified.""" return argument def Type(self): return 'string' def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): pass class ArgumentSerializer: """Base class for generating string representations of a flag value.""" def Serialize(self, value): return _StrOrUnicode(value) class ListSerializer(ArgumentSerializer): def __init__(self, list_sep): self.list_sep = list_sep def Serialize(self, value): return self.list_sep.join([_StrOrUnicode(x) for x in value]) # Flags validators def RegisterValidator(flag_name, checker, message='Flag validation failed', flag_values=FLAGS): """Adds a constraint, which will be enforced during program execution. The constraint is validated when flags are initially parsed, and after each change of the corresponding flag's value. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag to be checked. checker: method to validate the flag. input - value of the corresponding flag (string, boolean, etc. This value will be passed to checker by the library). See file's docstring for examples. output - Boolean. Must return True if validator constraint is satisfied. If constraint is not satisfied, it should either return False or raise gflags_validators.Error(desired_error_message). message: error text to be shown to the user if checker returns False. If checker raises gflags_validators.Error, message from the raised Error will be shown. flag_values: FlagValues Raises: AttributeError: if flag_name is not registered as a valid flag name. """ flag_values.AddValidator(gflags_validators.SimpleValidator(flag_name, checker, message)) def MarkFlagAsRequired(flag_name, flag_values=FLAGS): """Ensure that flag is not None during program execution. Registers a flag validator, which will follow usual validator rules. Args: flag_name: string, name of the flag flag_values: FlagValues Raises: AttributeError: if flag_name is not registered as a valid flag name. """ RegisterValidator(flag_name, lambda value: value is not None, message='Flag --%s must be specified.' % flag_name, flag_values=flag_values) def _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values): """Enforce lower and upper bounds for numeric flags. Args: parser: NumericParser (either FloatParser or IntegerParser). Provides lower and upper bounds, and help text to display. name: string, name of the flag flag_values: FlagValues """ if parser.lower_bound is not None or parser.upper_bound is not None: def Checker(value): if value is not None and parser.IsOutsideBounds(value): message = '%s is not %s' % (value, parser.syntactic_help) raise gflags_validators.Error(message) return True RegisterValidator(name, Checker, flag_values=flag_values) # The DEFINE functions are explained in mode details in the module doc string. def DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, serializer=None, **args): """Registers a generic Flag object. NOTE: in the docstrings of all DEFINE* functions, "registers" is short for "creates a new flag and registers it". Auxiliary function: clients should use the specialized DEFINE_<type> function instead. Args: parser: ArgumentParser that is used to parse the flag arguments. name: A string, the flag name. default: The default value of the flag. help: A help string. flag_values: FlagValues object the flag will be registered with. serializer: ArgumentSerializer that serializes the flag value. args: Dictionary with extra keyword args that are passes to the Flag __init__. """ DEFINE_flag(Flag(parser, serializer, name, default, help, **args), flag_values) def DEFINE_flag(flag, flag_values=FLAGS): """Registers a 'Flag' object with a 'FlagValues' object. By default, the global FLAGS 'FlagValue' object is used. Typical users will use one of the more specialized DEFINE_xxx functions, such as DEFINE_string or DEFINE_integer. But developers who need to create Flag objects themselves should use this function to register their flags. """ # copying the reference to flag_values prevents pychecker warnings fv = flag_values fv[flag.name] = flag # Tell flag_values who's defining the flag. if isinstance(flag_values, FlagValues): # Regarding the above isinstance test: some users pass funny # values of flag_values (e.g., {}) in order to avoid the flag # registration (in the past, there used to be a flag_values == # FLAGS test here) and redefine flags with the same name (e.g., # debug). To avoid breaking their code, we perform the # registration only if flag_values is a real FlagValues object. module, module_name = _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName() flag_values._RegisterFlagByModule(module_name, flag) flag_values._RegisterFlagByModuleId(id(module), flag) def _InternalDeclareKeyFlags(flag_names, flag_values=FLAGS, key_flag_values=None): """Declares a flag as key for the calling module. Internal function. User code should call DECLARE_key_flag or ADOPT_module_key_flags instead. Args: flag_names: A list of strings that are names of already-registered Flag objects. flag_values: A FlagValues object that the flags listed in flag_names have registered with (the value of the flag_values argument from the DEFINE_* calls that defined those flags). This should almost never need to be overridden. key_flag_values: A FlagValues object that (among possibly many other things) keeps track of the key flags for each module. Default None means "same as flag_values". This should almost never need to be overridden. Raises: UnrecognizedFlagError: when we refer to a flag that was not defined yet. """ key_flag_values = key_flag_values or flag_values module = _GetCallingModule() for flag_name in flag_names: if flag_name not in flag_values: raise UnrecognizedFlagError(flag_name) flag = flag_values.FlagDict()[flag_name] key_flag_values._RegisterKeyFlagForModule(module, flag) def DECLARE_key_flag(flag_name, flag_values=FLAGS): """Declares one flag as key to the current module. Key flags are flags that are deemed really important for a module. They are important when listing help messages; e.g., if the --helpshort command-line flag is used, then only the key flags of the main module are listed (instead of all flags, as in the case of --help). Sample usage: gflags.DECLARED_key_flag('flag_1') Args: flag_name: A string, the name of an already declared flag. (Redeclaring flags as key, including flags implicitly key because they were declared in this module, is a no-op.) flag_values: A FlagValues object. This should almost never need to be overridden. """ if flag_name in _SPECIAL_FLAGS: # Take care of the special flags, e.g., --flagfile, --undefok. # These flags are defined in _SPECIAL_FLAGS, and are treated # specially during flag parsing, taking precedence over the # user-defined flags. _InternalDeclareKeyFlags([flag_name], flag_values=_SPECIAL_FLAGS, key_flag_values=flag_values) return _InternalDeclareKeyFlags([flag_name], flag_values=flag_values) def ADOPT_module_key_flags(module, flag_values=FLAGS): """Declares that all flags key to a module are key to the current module. Args: module: A module object. flag_values: A FlagValues object. This should almost never need to be overridden. Raises: FlagsError: When given an argument that is a module name (a string), instead of a module object. """ # NOTE(salcianu): an even better test would be if not # isinstance(module, types.ModuleType) but I didn't want to import # types for such a tiny use. if isinstance(module, str): raise FlagsError('Received module name %s; expected a module object.' % module) _InternalDeclareKeyFlags( [f.name for f in flag_values._GetKeyFlagsForModule(module.__name__)], flag_values=flag_values) # If module is this flag module, take _SPECIAL_FLAGS into account. if module == _GetThisModuleObjectAndName()[0]: _InternalDeclareKeyFlags( # As we associate flags with _GetCallingModuleObjectAndName(), the # special flags defined in this module are incorrectly registered with # a different module. So, we can't use _GetKeyFlagsForModule. # Instead, we take all flags from _SPECIAL_FLAGS (a private # FlagValues, where no other module should register flags). [f.name for f in _SPECIAL_FLAGS.FlagDict().values()], flag_values=_SPECIAL_FLAGS, key_flag_values=flag_values) # # STRING FLAGS # def DEFINE_string(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be any string.""" parser = ArgumentParser() serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) # # BOOLEAN FLAGS # class BooleanParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of boolean values.""" def Convert(self, argument): """Converts the argument to a boolean; raise ValueError on errors.""" if type(argument) == str: if argument.lower() in ['true', 't', '1']: return True elif argument.lower() in ['false', 'f', '0']: return False bool_argument = bool(argument) if argument == bool_argument: # The argument is a valid boolean (True, False, 0, or 1), and not just # something that always converts to bool (list, string, int, etc.). return bool_argument raise ValueError('Non-boolean argument to boolean flag', argument) def Parse(self, argument): val = self.Convert(argument) return val def Type(self): return 'bool' class BooleanFlag(Flag): """Basic boolean flag. Boolean flags do not take any arguments, and their value is either True (1) or False (0). The false value is specified on the command line by prepending the word 'no' to either the long or the short flag name. For example, if a Boolean flag was created whose long name was 'update' and whose short name was 'x', then this flag could be explicitly unset through either --noupdate or --nox. """ def __init__(self, name, default, help, short_name=None, **args): p = BooleanParser() Flag.__init__(self, p, None, name, default, help, short_name, 1, **args) if not self.help: self.help = "a boolean value" def DEFINE_boolean(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a boolean flag. Such a boolean flag does not take an argument. If a user wants to specify a false value explicitly, the long option beginning with 'no' must be used: i.e. --noflag This flag will have a value of None, True or False. None is possible if default=None and the user does not specify the flag on the command line. """ DEFINE_flag(BooleanFlag(name, default, help, **args), flag_values) # Match C++ API to unconfuse C++ people. DEFINE_bool = DEFINE_boolean class HelpFlag(BooleanFlag): """ HelpFlag is a special boolean flag that prints usage information and raises a SystemExit exception if it is ever found in the command line arguments. Note this is called with allow_override=1, so other apps can define their own --help flag, replacing this one, if they want. """ def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, "help", 0, "show this help", short_name="?", allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: doc = sys.modules["__main__"].__doc__ flags = str(FLAGS) print doc or ("\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n" % sys.argv[0]) if flags: print "flags:" print flags sys.exit(1) class HelpXMLFlag(BooleanFlag): """Similar to HelpFlag, but generates output in XML format.""" def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, 'helpxml', False, 'like --help, but generates XML output', allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: FLAGS.WriteHelpInXMLFormat(sys.stdout) sys.exit(1) class HelpshortFlag(BooleanFlag): """ HelpshortFlag is a special boolean flag that prints usage information for the "main" module, and rasies a SystemExit exception if it is ever found in the command line arguments. Note this is called with allow_override=1, so other apps can define their own --helpshort flag, replacing this one, if they want. """ def __init__(self): BooleanFlag.__init__(self, "helpshort", 0, "show usage only for this module", allow_override=1) def Parse(self, arg): if arg: doc = sys.modules["__main__"].__doc__ flags = FLAGS.MainModuleHelp() print doc or ("\nUSAGE: %s [flags]\n" % sys.argv[0]) if flags: print "flags:" print flags sys.exit(1) # # Numeric parser - base class for Integer and Float parsers # class NumericParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of numeric values. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ def IsOutsideBounds(self, val): return ((self.lower_bound is not None and val < self.lower_bound) or (self.upper_bound is not None and val > self.upper_bound)) def Parse(self, argument): val = self.Convert(argument) if self.IsOutsideBounds(val): raise ValueError("%s is not %s" % (val, self.syntactic_help)) return val def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): if self.lower_bound is not None: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'lower_bound', self.lower_bound, indent) if self.upper_bound is not None: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'upper_bound', self.upper_bound, indent) def Convert(self, argument): """Default implementation: always returns its argument unmodified.""" return argument # End of Numeric Parser # # FLOAT FLAGS # class FloatParser(NumericParser): """Parser of floating point values. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ number_article = "a" number_name = "number" syntactic_help = " ".join((number_article, number_name)) def __init__(self, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None): super(FloatParser, self).__init__() self.lower_bound = lower_bound self.upper_bound = upper_bound sh = self.syntactic_help if lower_bound is not None and upper_bound is not None: sh = ("%s in the range [%s, %s]" % (sh, lower_bound, upper_bound)) elif lower_bound == 0: sh = "a non-negative %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == 0: sh = "a non-positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound is not None: sh = "%s <= %s" % (self.number_name, upper_bound) elif lower_bound is not None: sh = "%s >= %s" % (self.number_name, lower_bound) self.syntactic_help = sh def Convert(self, argument): """Converts argument to a float; raises ValueError on errors.""" return float(argument) def Type(self): return 'float' # End of FloatParser def DEFINE_float(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value must be a float. If lower_bound or upper_bound are set, then this flag must be within the given range. """ parser = FloatParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values=flag_values) # # INTEGER FLAGS # class IntegerParser(NumericParser): """Parser of an integer value. Parsed value may be bounded to a given upper and lower bound. """ number_article = "an" number_name = "integer" syntactic_help = " ".join((number_article, number_name)) def __init__(self, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None): super(IntegerParser, self).__init__() self.lower_bound = lower_bound self.upper_bound = upper_bound sh = self.syntactic_help if lower_bound is not None and upper_bound is not None: sh = ("%s in the range [%s, %s]" % (sh, lower_bound, upper_bound)) elif lower_bound == 1: sh = "a positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == -1: sh = "a negative %s" % self.number_name elif lower_bound == 0: sh = "a non-negative %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound == 0: sh = "a non-positive %s" % self.number_name elif upper_bound is not None: sh = "%s <= %s" % (self.number_name, upper_bound) elif lower_bound is not None: sh = "%s >= %s" % (self.number_name, lower_bound) self.syntactic_help = sh def Convert(self, argument): __pychecker__ = 'no-returnvalues' if type(argument) == str: base = 10 if len(argument) > 2 and argument[0] == "0" and argument[1] == "x": base = 16 return int(argument, base) else: return int(argument) def Type(self): return 'int' def DEFINE_integer(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value must be an integer. If lower_bound, or upper_bound are set, then this flag must be within the given range. """ parser = IntegerParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) _RegisterBoundsValidatorIfNeeded(parser, name, flag_values=flag_values) # # ENUM FLAGS # class EnumParser(ArgumentParser): """Parser of a string enum value (a string value from a given set). If enum_values (see below) is not specified, any string is allowed. """ def __init__(self, enum_values=None): super(EnumParser, self).__init__() self.enum_values = enum_values def Parse(self, argument): if self.enum_values and argument not in self.enum_values: raise ValueError("value should be one of <%s>" % "|".join(self.enum_values)) return argument def Type(self): return 'string enum' class EnumFlag(Flag): """Basic enum flag; its value can be any string from list of enum_values.""" def __init__(self, name, default, help, enum_values=None, short_name=None, **args): enum_values = enum_values or [] p = EnumParser(enum_values) g = ArgumentSerializer() Flag.__init__(self, p, g, name, default, help, short_name, **args) if not self.help: self.help = "an enum string" self.help = "<%s>: %s" % ("|".join(enum_values), self.help) def _WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): for enum_value in self.parser.enum_values: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'enum_value', enum_value, indent) def DEFINE_enum(name, default, enum_values, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be any string from enum_values.""" DEFINE_flag(EnumFlag(name, default, help, enum_values, ** args), flag_values) # # LIST FLAGS # class BaseListParser(ArgumentParser): """Base class for a parser of lists of strings. To extend, inherit from this class; from the subclass __init__, call BaseListParser.__init__(self, token, name) where token is a character used to tokenize, and name is a description of the separator. """ def __init__(self, token=None, name=None): assert name super(BaseListParser, self).__init__() self._token = token self._name = name self.syntactic_help = "a %s separated list" % self._name def Parse(self, argument): if isinstance(argument, list): return argument elif argument == '': return [] else: return [s.strip() for s in argument.split(self._token)] def Type(self): return '%s separated list of strings' % self._name class ListParser(BaseListParser): """Parser for a comma-separated list of strings.""" def __init__(self): BaseListParser.__init__(self, ',', 'comma') def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): BaseListParser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent) _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'list_separator', repr(','), indent) class WhitespaceSeparatedListParser(BaseListParser): """Parser for a whitespace-separated list of strings.""" def __init__(self): BaseListParser.__init__(self, None, 'whitespace') def WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent): BaseListParser.WriteCustomInfoInXMLFormat(self, outfile, indent) separators = list(string.whitespace) separators.sort() for ws_char in string.whitespace: _WriteSimpleXMLElement(outfile, 'list_separator', repr(ws_char), indent) def DEFINE_list(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value is a comma-separated list of strings.""" parser = ListParser() serializer = ListSerializer(',') DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) def DEFINE_spaceseplist(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value is a whitespace-separated list of strings. Any whitespace can be used as a separator. """ parser = WhitespaceSeparatedListParser() serializer = ListSerializer(' ') DEFINE(parser, name, default, help, flag_values, serializer, **args) # # MULTI FLAGS # class MultiFlag(Flag): """A flag that can appear multiple time on the command-line. The value of such a flag is a list that contains the individual values from all the appearances of that flag on the command-line. See the __doc__ for Flag for most behavior of this class. Only differences in behavior are described here: * The default value may be either a single value or a list of values. A single value is interpreted as the [value] singleton list. * The value of the flag is always a list, even if the option was only supplied once, and even if the default value is a single value """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): Flag.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.help += ';\n repeat this option to specify a list of values' def Parse(self, arguments): """Parses one or more arguments with the installed parser. Args: arguments: a single argument or a list of arguments (typically a list of default values); a single argument is converted internally into a list containing one item. """ if not isinstance(arguments, list): # Default value may be a list of values. Most other arguments # will not be, so convert them into a single-item list to make # processing simpler below. arguments = [arguments] if self.present: # keep a backup reference to list of previously supplied option values values = self.value else: # "erase" the defaults with an empty list values = [] for item in arguments: # have Flag superclass parse argument, overwriting self.value reference Flag.Parse(self, item) # also increments self.present values.append(self.value) # put list of option values back in the 'value' attribute self.value = values def Serialize(self): if not self.serializer: raise FlagsError("Serializer not present for flag %s" % self.name) if self.value is None: return '' s = '' multi_value = self.value for self.value in multi_value: if s: s += ' ' s += Flag.Serialize(self) self.value = multi_value return s def Type(self): return 'multi ' + self.parser.Type() def DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a generic MultiFlag that parses its args with a given parser. Auxiliary function. Normal users should NOT use it directly. Developers who need to create their own 'Parser' classes for options which can appear multiple times can call this module function to register their flags. """ DEFINE_flag(MultiFlag(parser, serializer, name, default, help, **args), flag_values) def DEFINE_multistring(name, default, help, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of any strings. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple string values into the list. The 'default' may be a single string (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of strings. """ parser = ArgumentParser() serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) def DEFINE_multi_int(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of arbitrary integers. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple integer values into the list. The 'default' may be a single integer (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of integers. """ parser = IntegerParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) def DEFINE_multi_float(name, default, help, lower_bound=None, upper_bound=None, flag_values=FLAGS, **args): """Registers a flag whose value can be a list of arbitrary floats. Use the flag on the command line multiple times to place multiple float values into the list. The 'default' may be a single float (which will be converted into a single-element list) or a list of floats. """ parser = FloatParser(lower_bound, upper_bound) serializer = ArgumentSerializer() DEFINE_multi(parser, serializer, name, default, help, flag_values, **args) # Now register the flags that we want to exist in all applications. # These are all defined with allow_override=1, so user-apps can use # these flagnames for their own purposes, if they want. DEFINE_flag(HelpFlag()) DEFINE_flag(HelpshortFlag()) DEFINE_flag(HelpXMLFlag()) # Define special flags here so that help may be generated for them. # NOTE: Please do NOT use _SPECIAL_FLAGS from outside this module. _SPECIAL_FLAGS = FlagValues() DEFINE_string( 'flagfile', "", "Insert flag definitions from the given file into the command line.", _SPECIAL_FLAGS) DEFINE_string( 'undefok', "", "comma-separated list of flag names that it is okay to specify " "on the command line even if the program does not define a flag " "with that name. IMPORTANT: flags in this list that have " "arguments MUST use the --flag=value format.", _SPECIAL_FLAGS)
Python
from tkinter import * from groupList import GroupList from login import Login class Gui_Login: def __init__(self, root, gui): self.gui = gui self.root = root self.root.geometry("450x200") self.root.resizable(0,0) self.login = Login(self.root, self.gui) self.main_frame = Frame(self.root, height=200, width=300, bg="#f0f0f0") self.main_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10) label_title = Label(self.main_frame, text="Anmeldung", bg="#f0f0f0") label_title.pack(pady=5) input_frame = Frame(self.main_frame, height=50, width=250, bg="#f0f0f0") input_frame.pack(padx=5, pady=10) label_name = Label(input_frame, text="Benutzername:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_name.grid(row=0, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_name = Entry(input_frame) self.e_name.grid(row=0, column=30) self.e_name.focus_set() label_passwd = Label(input_frame, text="Passwort:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_passwd.grid(row=10, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_passwd = Entry(input_frame, show="*") self.e_passwd.grid(row=10, column=30) self.label_spacer = Label(input_frame, text="", bg="#f0f0f0") self.label_spacer.grid(row=0, column=20, padx=30) self.label_report = Label(self.main_frame, text="", bg="#f0f0f0", fg="red", font=("Helvetica", 10)) self.label_report.pack(pady=10) button_frame = Frame(self.main_frame, height=50, width=250, bg="#f0f0f0") button_frame.pack() login_button = Button(button_frame, text="Anmelden", command=self.testLogin, width="9" , bg="#f0f0f0").grid(row=1, column=1, padx=1) delete_button = Button(button_frame, text="Löschen", command=self.deleteContent, width="9", bg="#f0f0f0").grid(row=1, column=2, padx=1) register_button = Button(button_frame, text="Registrieren", command=self.register, width="9", bg="#f0f0f0").grid(row=1, column=3, padx=1) #test_button = Button(button_frame, text="Testzugang", command=self.goToGrouplistTest, width="9", bg="#f0f0f0").grid(row=1, column=4, padx=1) self.root.mainloop() def deleteContent(self): self.e_name.delete(0, END) self.e_passwd.delete(0, END) def register(self): self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createRegistration() def goToGrouplist(self,user): self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.setUser(user) self.gui.createTopFrame() self.gui.createGrouplist(user) def goToGrouplistTest(self): self.main_frame.destroy() user = self.gui.getUser() self.gui.createTopFrame() self.gui.createGrouplist(user) def testLogin(self): self.login.checkContent(self, self.e_name.get(), self.e_passwd.get()) def setReport(self, text): self.label_report.config(text=text)
Python
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET from message import Message import datetime class Messenger: messageId = [] # Konstruktor def __init__(self, user_id): self.id = user_id; self.file = ET.parse("messages.xml") self.root = self.file.getroot() messages = self.root.getchildren() self.inboxList = [] self.outboxList = [] #Alle Nachrichten aus der XML for message in messages: # Auslesen der vorerst relewanten Daten messageid = message.findtext("id") sender = message.findtext("sender") recipient = message.findtext("recipient") status_sender = message.findtext("status_sender") status_recipient = message.findtext("status_recipient") # Filtern der interessanten Nachrichten fuer diesen Benutzer (wenn er selber Sender oder Empfaenger ist und die Nachricht nicht bereits geloescht hat) if (recipient == self.id and status_recipient != "deleted" ) or (sender == self.id and status_sender != "deleted"): # Auslesen der restlichen Daten subject = message.findtext("subject") content = message.findtext("content") sender = message.findtext("sender") recipient = message.findtext("recipient") date = message.findtext("date") # neues Objekt message = Message(messageid, subject, content, sender, recipient, date, status_sender, status_recipient) # erzeugen der Inboxliste if message.getRecipient() == self.id and message.getStatusRecipient() != "deleted": self.inboxList.append(message) # erzeugen der Outboxliste if message.getSender() == self.id and message.getStatusSender() != "deleted": self.outboxList.append(message) self.messageId.append(messageid) def getLastMessageId(self): self.messageId.sort(key=None, reverse=True) messageId = self.messageId[0][1:] #erstes Zeichen entfernen return( "m"+str(int(messageId)+1)) # Neue Nachricht in die XML Datei schreiben def writeMessage(self, subject, content, sender, recipient ): """Datum Zurecht ziehen""" id = self.getLastMessageId() date_raw = datetime.datetime.now() day = str(date_raw)[8:10] month = str(date_raw)[5:7] year = str(date_raw)[:4] hour = str(date_raw)[11:13] minute = str(date_raw)[14:16] date = day + "." + month + "." + year+"_"+ hour + "." + minute """Neue XML""" message = Message(id, subject, content, sender, recipient, date, "read", "new") self.messageId.append(id) self.outboxList.append(message) xml_message = ET.Element('message') xml_id = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "id") xml_id.text = id xml_subject = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "subject") xml_subject.text = subject xml_content = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "content") xml_content.text = content xml_sender = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "sender") xml_sender.text = sender xml_recipient = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "recipient") xml_recipient.text = recipient xml_date = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "date") xml_date.text = date xml_status_sender = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "status_sender") xml_status_sender.text = "read" xml_status_recipient = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "status_recipient") xml_status_recipient.text = "new" file = ET.parse("messages.xml") root = file.getroot() root.append(xml_message) tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("messages.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8', method="xml") # Statuswerte des Absenders und des Empfaengers setzen (wenn beide auf delete, dann Nachricht aus der XML Datei loeschen) def deleteMessage(self, message): print ("Nachricht loeschen") # Liste aus der XML Datei neu erzeugen um neue Nachrichten zu erhalten def updateMessage(self, deleted_message): self.root = self.file.getroot() messages = self.root.getchildren() for message in messages: if ( deleted_message.getId() == message.findtext("id") ): self.root.remove(message) xml_message = ET.Element('message') xml_id = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "id") xml_id.text = deleted_message.getId() xml_subject = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "subject") xml_subject.text = deleted_message.getSubject() xml_content = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "content") xml_content.text = deleted_message.getContent() xml_sender = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "sender") xml_sender.text = deleted_message.getSender() xml_recipient = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "recipient") xml_recipient.text = deleted_message.getRecipient() xml_date = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "date") xml_date.text = deleted_message.getDate() xml_status_sender = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "status_sender") xml_status_sender.text = deleted_message.getStatusSender() xml_status_recipient = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "status_recipient") xml_status_recipient.text = deleted_message.getStatusRecipient() self.root.append(xml_message) tree = ET.ElementTree(self.root) tree.write("messages.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8', method="xml") # Ausgabe des Posteingangs def getInboxList(self): return self.inboxList # Ausgabe des Postausgangs def getOutboxList(self): return self.outboxList def updateInboxList(self): for message in self.inboxList: if (message.getStatusRecipient() == "deleted" ): self.inboxList.remove(message) def updateOutboxList(self): for message in self.outboxList: if (message.getStatusSender() == "deleted" ): self.outboxList.remove(message)
Python
from tkinter import * from groupList import GroupList class Gui_Grouplist: def __init__(self, root, gui, grouplist): self.gui = gui self.root = root self.grouplist = grouplist self.root.geometry("870x600") self.root.resizable(0,0) self.main_frame=Frame(self.root, height=600,width=800, bg="#f0f0f0") self.main_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10) self.grouplist_frame=Frame(self.main_frame, height=500,width=200, bg="#f0f0f0") self.grouplist_frame.pack(padx=5, pady=10, side="left") label_title = Label(self.grouplist_frame, text="Gruppenliste", bg="#f0f0f0") label_title.grid( row = 0, column = 0, sticky= W ) self.listbox = Listbox(self.grouplist_frame, height=20, width=25, font="Verdana", bg="#ffffff") self.listbox.grid( row = 10, column = 0, sticky= W ) for group in self.grouplist.getGroupList(): self.listbox.insert(END, group.getName()) scroll = Scrollbar(self.grouplist_frame, command=self.listbox.yview) self.listbox.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll.set) scroll.grid(row=10, column=0, sticky=E+N+S) button_frame = Frame(self.grouplist_frame, height=50,width=250, bg="#000000") button_frame.grid( row = 20, column = 0, sticky= E ) join_button = Button(button_frame, text="Gruppe anzeigen", command=self.showGroup, bg="#f0f0f0") join_button.pack() info_frame = Frame(self.main_frame, height=500,width=600, bg="#f0f0f0") info_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=5, pady=10, side="right") label_info1 = Label(info_frame, text="Willkommen bei der Mitfahrgelegenheit des Campus Minden.", bg="#f0f0f0") label_info1.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky= W) label_info3 = Label(info_frame, text="Hier findest du Mitstudenten, mit dennen du eine Fahrgemeinschaft", bg="#f0f0f0") label_info3.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky= W) label_info4 = Label(info_frame, text="bilden kannst, um besser zum Campus zu gelangen.", bg="#f0f0f0") label_info4.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky= W) self.root.mainloop() def showGroup(self): groupname = self.listbox.get("active") for group in self.grouplist.getGroupList(): if group.getName() == groupname: self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createGroup(group.getId()) #print(group.getName() + group.getId())
Python
class Message: # Konstruktor def __init__(self, id, subject, content, sender, recipient, date, status_sender, status_recipient): self.id = id self.subject = subject self.content = content self.sender = sender self.recipient = recipient self.date = date self.status_sender = status_sender self.status_recipient = status_recipient def getId(self): return self.id def getRecipient(self): return self.recipient def getSender(self): return self.sender def getStatusSender(self): return self.status_sender def getStatusRecipient(self): return self.status_recipient def setStatusSender(self, status): self.status_sender = status def setStatusRecipient(self, status): self.status_recipient = status def ausgeben(self): return self.messageid + " \n" + self.subject + " \n" + self.content + "\n" def show(self): return self.date + " - " + self.subject + " (von: " + self.sender + ")" def editMessage(self, subject, content): self.subject = subject self.content = content # date definieren def getDate(self): return self.date def getSubject(self): return self.subject def getContent(self): return self.content
Python
from user import User import re class Registration(): userMinLength = 6 passwdMinLength = 6 def __init__(self, root, gui): self.root = root self.gui = gui def checkContent(self, gui_Registration, name, username, lastname, plz, passwd, passwdconfirm, address, phone, email, city): self.gui_Registration = gui_Registration self.gui_Registration.label_report.config(fg="red") self.name = name self.username = username self.lastname = lastname self.plz = plz self.passwd = passwd self.passwdconfirm = passwdconfirm self.address = address self.phone = phone self.email = email self.city = city """ test self.name """ if self.name == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib einen Namen ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_name.focus_set() elif not self.name.isalpha(): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Der Name darf nur Buchstaben enthalten.") self.gui_Registration.e_name.focus_set() """ test self.lastname """ elif self.lastname == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib einen Nachnamen ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_lastname.focus_set() elif not self.lastname.isalpha(): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Der Nachname darf nur Buchstaben enthalten.") self.gui_Registration.e_lastname.focus_set() ''' test self.username max/min lenght ''' elif self.username == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib einen Benutzernamen ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_username.focus_set() elif not (len(self.username) >= self.userMinLength): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Der Username muss mindestens " + str(self.userMinLength) + " Zeichen lang sein.") self.gui_Registration.e_username.focus_set() """ test self.passwd minlength and confirm right """ elif self.passwd == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib ein Passwort ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_passwd.focus_set() elif len(self.passwd) < self.passwdMinLength: self.gui_Registration.setReport("Das Passwort muss mindestens " + str(self.passwdMinLength) + " Zeichen enthalten.") self.gui_Registration.e_passwd.focus_set() elif self.passwd != self.passwdconfirm: self.gui_Registration.setReport("Die Passwörter stimmen nicht überein.") self.gui_Registration.e_passwd2.focus_set() """ test self.address """ elif self.address == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib eine Adresse ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_address.focus_set() """ test self.plz only 5 digits """ elif self.plz == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib eine Postleitzahl ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_plz.focus_set() elif len(self.plz) != 5 or not self.plz.isdigit(): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Die Postleizahl darf nur aus 5 Zahlen bestehen.") self.gui_Registration.e_plz.focus_set() """ test self.city """ elif self.city == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib einen Wohnort ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_city.focus_set() elif not self.city.isalpha() : self.gui_Registration.setReport("Der Wohnort darf nur Buchstaben enthalten.") self.gui_Registration.e_city.focus_set() """ test self.phone """ elif self.phone == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib eine Telefonnummer ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_phone.focus_set() elif not self.phone.isdigit(): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Die Telefonnummer darf nur Zahlen enthalten.") self.gui_Registration.e_phone.focus_set() """ test E-mail """ elif self.email == "": self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib eine Email Adresse ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_email.focus_set() elif not(re.match("^.+\\@(\\[?)[a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.]+\\.([a-zA-Z]{2,3}|[0-9]{1,3})(\\]?)$", self.email)): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Bitte gib eine korrekte Email Adresse ein.") self.gui_Registration.e_email.focus_set() else: #userlist = self.gui.getUsers() user = User() user.createXmlUser( self.gui.getUsers().getLastUserId(), self.name, self.lastname, self.username, self.passwd, self.phone, self.email, self.address, self.plz, self.city); if not(self.checkUserName(user, self.gui.getUsers())): self.gui.getUsers().addUserXml(user) self.gui_Registration.label_report.config(fg="#25a458") self.gui_Registration.setReport("Die Anmeldung war erfolgreich.") self.gui.getUsers().addUser(user) def checkUserName(self, new_user, userlist): for user in userlist.getUserList(): if (new_user.getUsername() == user.getUsername()): self.gui_Registration.setReport("Benutzername ist schon vergeben.") self.gui_Registration.username.focus_set() return True return False
Python
from tkinter import * class Gui_Team: def __init__(self, root, gui, group, team): self.gui = gui self.root = root self.team = team self.group = group self.root.geometry("870x650") self.main_frame=Frame(self.root, height=600, width=850, bg="#f0f0f0") self.main_frame.pack( padx=10, pady=10) self.main_frame.propagate(0) self.navigation_frame=Frame(self.main_frame, height=20, width=600, bg="#f0f0f0") self.navigation_frame.pack( padx=10, pady=10, fill='x' ) self.navigation_frame.grid_propagate(0) button_grouplist = Button(self.navigation_frame, text="Gruppenübersicht", borderwidth=0, bg="#f0f0f0", activebackground="#f0f0f0", command=self.create_grouplist) button_grouplist.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W, padx = 0) #button_group = Button(self.navigation_frame, text="- Gruppen", borderwidth=0, bg="#f0f0f0", activebackground="#f0f0f0", command=self.create_group) button_group = Button(self.navigation_frame, text="- "+ self.group.getName(), borderwidth=0, bg="#f0f0f0", activebackground="#f0f0f0", command=self.create_group) button_group.grid(row = 0, column = 5, sticky = W, padx = 0) label_title = Label(self.navigation_frame, text="- "+ self.team.getName(), bg="#f0f0f0") label_title.grid( row = 0, column = 10, sticky = W, padx = 0) ''' ////////////////////////////// ''' self.content_frame=Frame(self.main_frame, height=20, width=600, bg="#f0f0f0") self.content_frame.pack( pady=10 ) self.content_frame.propagate(0) listlabel_title = Label(self.content_frame, text="Mitglieder", bg="#f0f0f0") listlabel_title.grid( row = 5, column = 0, padx=10, sticky= W ) self.left_frame=Frame(self.content_frame, height=500,width=225, bg="#f0f0f0") self.left_frame.grid( row = 10, column = 0, padx=10, pady=10, sticky = S ) self.left_frame.grid_propagate(0) listbox = Listbox(self.left_frame, height=18, width=20, font="Verdana",bg="#FFFFFF") listbox.grid( row = 10, column = 0, pady = 5, sticky= W ) for member in self.team.getMembersList(): listbox.insert(END, member.getName()) button_frame = Frame(self.left_frame, height=230,width=300, bg="#f0f0f0" ) button_frame.grid( row = 20, column = 0, sticky= W ) enter_button = Button(button_frame, text="Team Beitreten", command=self.enter_Team, borderwidth=2, background="#f0f0f0") enter_button.pack(side="left") #member_button = Button(button_frame, text="Mitglieder anzeigen", command=self.showMember) #member_button.pack(side="right") ''' ////////////////////////////// ''' #label_title = Label(self.content_frame, text="Mitglieder: "+str(self.team.getMemberCount()), bg="#f0f0f0") #label_title.grid( row = 5, column = 10, sticky= N+W ) self.center_frame=Frame(self.content_frame, height=500, width=280, bg="#f0f0f0") self.center_frame.grid( row = 10, column = 10, pady=10, sticky = S ) self.center_frame.grid_propagate(0) self.center_button_frame=Frame(self.center_frame, height=480,width=280, bg="#f0f0f0") self.center_button_frame.grid( row = 10, column = 0, sticky = S ) pinn_write_label = Label(self.center_button_frame, text="Etwas an die Pinnwand heften:",bg="#f0f0f0") pinn_write_label.grid(row=1, column=1) #member_button = Button(self.center_button_frame, text="Mitglieder anzeigen", command=self.showMember) #member_button.grid(row=1, column=1) #self.full_frame=Frame(self.center_button_frame, height=100,width=280) #self.full_frame.grid(row=2, column=1) #self.pinn_entry = Entry(self.center_button_frame, bg = "yellow", width=30) #self.pinn_entry.grid(row=3, column=1) self.pinn_text = Text(self.center_button_frame,height=20, width=33,bg="#FFFFFF") self.pinn_text.grid(row=3, column=1) pinn_button = Button(self.center_button_frame, bg = "#f0f0f0", text = "Senden", command=self.posten, width=37) pinn_button.grid(row=4, column=1) ''' ////////////////////////////// ''' label_wall_title = Label(self.content_frame, text="Pinnwand", bg="#f0f0f0" ) label_wall_title.grid( row = 5, column = 20, sticky = W ) self.right_frame=Frame(self.content_frame, height=600, width=350, bd=1, relief=SUNKEN, bg="#f0f0f0") self.right_frame.grid( row = 10, column = 20, pady=10, sticky = N ) self.right_frame.grid_propagate(0) numberMassage = self.team.getWall().countMassage() *82 self.canv = Canvas(self.right_frame, bg="#f0f0f0" ) self.canv.config(width=300, height=400) self.canv.config(scrollregion=(0,0,0, numberMassage)) self.canv.config(highlightthickness=0) self.sbar = Scrollbar(self.right_frame, bg="#f0f0f0" ) self.sbar.config(command=self.canv.yview) self.canv.config(yscrollcommand=self.sbar.set) self.sbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y) self.canv.pack(side=LEFT, expand=YES, fill=BOTH) self.frame=Frame(self.canv, bg="#f0f0f0" ) self.canv.create_window(0, 0, window = self.frame, width = 285, anchor ="nw") wall = self.team.getWall().getMessageList() i= 0 for messages in wall: i+=10 label_sender = Label(self.frame, bg="#f0f0f0", text=self.gui.getUsers().getUserById(messages.getSender()).getName()) label_sender.grid(row = i, column = 0, sticky = W ) label_date = Label(self.frame, bg="#f0f0f0", text=messages.getDate()) label_date.grid(row = i, column = 1, sticky = E ) msg = Message(self.frame, bg="#f0f0f0", text = messages.getContent()) msg.config(width=285) msg.grid(row = i+1, column = 0, columnspan=2, sticky = W ) msg = Message(self.frame,bg="#f0f0f0", text ="____________________________________________") msg.config(width=285) msg.grid(row = i+2, column = 0, columnspan=2 ) self.canvas = self.canv self.root.mainloop() def posten(self): content = self.pinn_text.get('0.0',END) """ if OHNE FUNKTION """ if content != "": self.team.getWall().writeMassage(self.gui.getUser().getId(), content) self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createTeam(self.group, self.team) elif content == "": print("leer") def create_grouplist(self): self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createGrouplist(self.gui.getUser()) def create_group(self): self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createGroup(self.group.getId()) def enter_Team(self): self.team.getMembers().addUser(self.gui.getUser(), self.team.getId()) self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createTeam(self.group, self.team)
Python
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET import datetime from wall_message import WallMessage class Wall: def __init__(self, groupid, typ): self.groupid = groupid self.typ = typ def createWall(self): self.messageList = [] self.file = ET.parse("walls.xml") self.root = self.file.getroot() walls = self.root.getchildren() for wall in walls: wallid = wall.attrib["groupid"] walltyp = wall.attrib['typ'] if (wallid == self.groupid and walltyp == self.typ): messages = wall.getchildren() for xml_message in messages: sender = xml_message.findtext("sender") date = xml_message.findtext("date") time = xml_message.findtext("time") content = xml_message.findtext("content") message = WallMessage() message.createMessage(sender, date, content) self.messageList.append(message) def getMessageList(self): return self.messageList def getMessage(self, position): return self.messageList[position] def deleteMessage(self, message): for messageInList in self.messageList: if(message.getId() == messageInList.getId()): # Message aus Liste loeschen print("a") def writeMassage(self, sender, content): """Datum Zurecht ziehen""" date_raw = datetime.datetime.now() day = str(date_raw)[8:10] month = str(date_raw)[5:7] year = str(date_raw)[:4] hour = str(date_raw)[11:13] minute = str(date_raw)[14:16] date = day + "." + month + "." + year+"_"+ hour + "." + minute #time = hour + ":" + minute """Neue XML""" message = WallMessage() message.createMessage(sender, date, content) self.messageList.append(message) xml_message = ET.Element('message') xml_sender = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "sender") xml_sender.text = sender xml_date = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "date") xml_date.text = date xml_content = ET.SubElement(xml_message, "content") xml_content.text = content self.file = ET.parse("walls.xml") self.root = self.file.getroot() walls = self.root.getchildren() for wall in walls: wallid = wall.attrib['groupid'] walltyp = wall.attrib['typ'] if (wallid == str(self.groupid) and walltyp == self.typ): wall.append(xml_message) tree = ET.ElementTree(self.root) tree.write("walls.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8', method="xml") def countMassage(self): return len(self.messageList)
Python
from tkinter import * class Gui_Topframe: def __init__(self, root, gui): self.gui = gui self.root = root def create_messenger(): self.gui.createMessenger() def change_profile(): self.gui.createChangeProfile() def logout(): self.root.destroy() self.gui.__init__() # gui = Gui() top_frame=Frame(self.root, height=100, bg="#d4d4d4", highlightthickness=0, highlightbackground="black") top_frame.pack(fill="both", padx=0, pady=0) image1 = PhotoImage(file="profile.gif") image2 = PhotoImage(file="message.gif") image3 = PhotoImage(file="banner2.gif") label = Label(top_frame, image=image3, borderwidth=0 ) label.image = image3 label.pack(side="left", padx=0, pady=0) user_frame=Frame(top_frame, height=100, width=200, bg="#d4d4d4", highlightthickness=0, highlightbackground="black") user_frame.pack(side="right", fill="both") butt1 = Button(user_frame, image=image2, height=75, width=70, borderwidth=0, bg="#d4d4d4", activebackground="#d4d4d4", command=create_messenger) butt1.image = image2 butt1.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=E) butt2 = Button(user_frame, image=image1, height=75, width=70, borderwidth=0, bg="#d4d4d4", activebackground="#d4d4d4", command=change_profile) butt2.image = image1 butt2.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=E) label_user = Label(user_frame, bg="#d4d4d4", text="Benutzer: "+self.gui.getUser().getName() ) label_user.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E) button_logout = Button(user_frame, text="Abmelden", fg="red", borderwidth=0, bg="#d4d4d4", activebackground="#d4d4d4", command=logout) button_logout.grid(row=1, column=2) #show_button = Button(top_frame, image=image1).pack(side="right") #join_button = Button(top_frame, image=image2).pack(side="right")
Python
from team import Team class TeamList: def __init__(self, groupid): self.teamList = [] self.groupid= groupid def addXmlTeams(self, teams): for xml_team in teams: id = xml_team.getAttribute("Tid") name = xml_team.getElementsByTagName("team_name")[0].firstChild.data team = Team(id, name) team.addXmlTeam() self.teamList.append(team) def getTeamList(self): return self.teamList def getTeam(self,position): return self.teamList[position] def getTeamListbyGroupId(self,groupid): teamsInGroup = [] for team in self.teamList: if(team.getId() == groupid): teamsInGroup.append(team) return teamsInGroup def getTeamById(self, teamId): for team in self.teamList: if (teamId == team.getId()): return team print( "Team " + teamId + " nicht vorhanden.") def showTeams(self): for team in self.teamList: print( "Team " + team.getId())
Python
from wall import Wall from memberList import MemberList from teamList import TeamList class Group: typ = "group" def __init__(self, groupid, name): self.groupid = groupid self.name = name def addXmlWall(self): self.wall = Wall(self.groupid, self.typ) self.wall.createWall() def addXmlMemberList(self): self.members = MemberList(self.groupid) self.members.addXMLMembers(self.groupid) def addXmlTeamList(self, teams): self.teams = TeamList(self.groupid) self.teams.addXmlTeams(teams) def getName(self): return self.name def getId(self): return self.groupid def getTeamById(self): return self.teamid def getWall(self): return self.wall def getMembersList(self): return self.members.getMemberList() def getTeams(self): return self.teams.getTeamList() def getMemberCount(self): return self.members.getSize()
Python
from tkinter import * from registration import Registration class Gui_Registration: def __init__(self, root, gui): self.gui = gui self.root = root self.root.geometry("650x300") self.root.resizable(0,0) self.registration = Registration(self.root, self.gui) self.main_frame = Frame(self.root, height=200, width=250, bg="#f0f0f0") self.main_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10) label_title = Label(self.main_frame, text="Registrierung", bg="#f0f0f0", font="bold") label_title.pack() label_title = Label(self.main_frame, text="Bitte geben Sie Ihre persönlichen Daten an.", bg="#f0f0f0") label_title.pack() input_frame = Frame(self.main_frame, height=50, width=250, bg="#f0f0f0") input_frame.pack(padx=5, pady=10) label_firstname = Label(input_frame, text="Vorname:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_firstname.grid(row=10, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_name = Entry(input_frame) self.e_name.grid(row=10, column=20, padx="5") self.e_name.focus_set() label_lastname = Label(input_frame, text="Nachname:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_lastname.grid(row=20, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_lastname = Entry(input_frame) self.e_lastname.grid(row=20, column=20) label_username = Label(input_frame, text="Benutzername:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_username.grid(row=30, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_username = Entry(input_frame) self.e_username.grid(row=30, column=20) label_passwd = Label(input_frame, text="Passwort:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_passwd.grid(row=40, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_passwd = Entry(input_frame, show="*") self.e_passwd.grid(row=40, column=20) label_passwd2 = Label(input_frame, text="Passwort bestätigen:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_passwd2.grid(row=50, column=10, sticky=W) self.e_passwd2 = Entry(input_frame, show="*") self.e_passwd2.grid(row=50, column=20) label_address = Label(input_frame, text="Adresse:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_address.grid(row=10, column=30, sticky=W) self.e_address = Entry(input_frame) self.e_address.grid(row=10, column=40, padx="5") label_plz = Label(input_frame, text="Postleitzahl:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_plz.grid(row=20, column=30, sticky=W) self.e_plz = Entry(input_frame) self.e_plz.grid(row=20, column=40) label_city = Label(input_frame, text="Wohnort:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_city.grid(row=30, column=30, sticky=W) self.e_city = Entry(input_frame) self.e_city.grid(row=30, column=40) label_phone = Label(input_frame, text="Telefonnummer:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_phone.grid(row=40, column=30, sticky=W) self.e_phone = Entry(input_frame) self.e_phone.grid(row=40, column=40) label_email = Label(input_frame, text="E-Mail:", bg="#f0f0f0") label_email.grid(row=50, column=30, sticky=W) self.e_email = Entry(input_frame) self.e_email.grid(row=50, column=40) self.label_spacer = Label(input_frame, text="", bg="#f0f0f0") self.label_spacer.grid(row=0, column=20, padx=30) self.label_report = Label(self.main_frame, text="", bg="#f0f0f0", fg="red", font=("Helvetica", 10)) self.label_report.pack(pady=10) button_frame = Frame(self.main_frame, height=50, width=250, bg="#f0f0f0") button_frame.pack(pady=10) login_button = Button(button_frame, text="Speichern", command=self.checkLogin, width="9").grid(row=1, column=1, padx=1) delete_button = Button(button_frame, text="Löschen", command=self.deleteContent, width="9").grid(row=1, column=2, padx=1) login_button = Button(button_frame, text="Zurück zum Login", command=self.login, width="15").grid(row=1, column=3, padx=1) self.root.mainloop() def deleteContent(self): self.e_name.delete(0, END) self.e_passwd.delete(0, END) def login(self): self.main_frame.destroy() self.gui.createLogin() def checkLogin(self): self.registration.checkContent(self, self.e_name.get(), self.e_username.get(), self.e_lastname.get(), self.e_plz.get(), self.e_passwd.get(), self.e_passwd2.get(), self.e_address.get(), self.e_phone.get(), self.e_email.get(), self.e_city.get()) def setReport(self, text): self.label_report.config(text=text)
Python
from xml.dom import minidom from group import Group class GroupList: groupList = [] def __init__(self): xmldoc = minidom.parse("groups.xml") groups = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName("group") for group in groups: groupid = group.getAttribute("id") name = group.getElementsByTagName("name")[0].firstChild.data teams = group.getElementsByTagName("team") group = Group(groupid, name) group.addXmlWall() group.addXmlMemberList() group.addXmlTeamList(teams) self.groupList.append(group) def addGroup(self, group): self.groupList.append(group) def getGroupList(self): return self.groupList def getGroup(self,position): return self.groupList[position] def getGroupById(self, groupId): for group in self.groupList: if (groupId == group.getId()): return group print( "Gruppe " + groupId + " nicht vorhanden.")
Python