code
stringlengths
1
1.72M
language
stringclasses
1 value
#!/usr/bin/python import cgi, re, os, posixpath, mimetypes from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup from mako import exceptions root = './' port = 8000 error_style = 'html' # select 'text' for plaintext error reporting lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=[root + 'templates', root + 'htdocs'], filesystem_checks=True, module_directory='./modules') def serve(environ, start_response): """serves requests using the WSGI callable interface.""" fieldstorage = cgi.FieldStorage( fp = environ['wsgi.input'], environ = environ, keep_blank_values = True ) d = dict([(k, getfield(fieldstorage[k])) for k in fieldstorage]) uri = environ.get('PATH_INFO', '/') if not uri: uri = '/index.html' else: uri = re.sub(r'^/$', '/index.html', uri) if re.match(r'.*\.html$', uri): try: template = lookup.get_template(uri) start_response("200 OK", [('Content-type','text/html')]) return [template.render(**d)] except exceptions.TopLevelLookupException: start_response("404 Not Found", []) return ["Cant find template '%s'" % uri] except: if error_style == 'text': start_response("200 OK", [('Content-type','text/plain')]) return [exceptions.text_error_template().render()] else: start_response("200 OK", [('Content-type','text/html')]) return [exceptions.html_error_template().render()] else: u = re.sub(r'^\/+', '', uri) filename = os.path.join(root, u) start_response("200 OK", [('Content-type',guess_type(uri))]) return [file(filename).read()] def getfield(f): """convert values from cgi.Field objects to plain values.""" if isinstance(f, list): return [getfield(x) for x in f] else: return f.value extensions_map = mimetypes.types_map.copy() extensions_map.update({ '': 'text/html', # Default }) def guess_type(path): """return a mimetype for the given path based on file extension.""" base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path) if ext in extensions_map: return extensions_map[ext] ext = ext.lower() if ext in extensions_map: return extensions_map[ext] else: return extensions_map[''] if __name__ == '__main__': import wsgiref.simple_server server = wsgiref.simple_server.make_server('', port, serve) print "Server listening on port %d" % port server.serve_forever()
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python def render(data): from mako.template import Template from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup lookup = TemplateLookup(["."]) return Template(data, lookup=lookup).render() def main(argv=None): from os.path import isfile from sys import stdin if argv is None: import sys argv = sys.argv from optparse import OptionParser parser = OptionParser("usage: %prog [FILENAME]") opts, args = parser.parse_args(argv[1:]) if len(args) not in (0, 1): parser.error("wrong number of arguments") # Will exit if (len(args) == 0) or (args[0] == "-"): fo = stdin else: filename = args[0] if not isfile(filename): raise SystemExit("error: can't find %s" % filename) fo = open(filename) data = fo.read() print render(data) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
Python
from setuptools import setup, find_packages import os import re import sys extra = {} if sys.version_info >= (3, 0): extra.update( use_2to3=True, ) v = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mako', '__init__.py')) VERSION = re.compile(r".*__version__ = '(.*?)'", re.S).match(v.read()).group(1) v.close() setup(name='Mako', version=VERSION, description="A super-fast templating language that borrows the \ best ideas from the existing templating languages.", long_description="""\ Mako is a template library written in Python. It provides a familiar, non-XML syntax which compiles into Python modules for maximum performance. Mako's syntax and API borrows from the best ideas of many others, including Django templates, Cheetah, Myghty, and Genshi. Conceptually, Mako is an embedded Python (i.e. Python Server Page) language, which refines the familiar ideas of componentized layout and inheritance to produce one of the most straightforward and flexible models available, while also maintaining close ties to Python calling and scoping semantics. """, classifiers=[ 'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable', 'Environment :: Web Environment', 'Intended Audience :: Developers', 'Programming Language :: Python', 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3', 'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content', ], keywords='wsgi myghty mako', author='Mike Bayer', author_email='mike@zzzcomputing.com', url='http://www.makotemplates.org/', license='MIT', packages=find_packages('.', exclude=['examples*', 'test*']), scripts=['scripts/mako-render'], tests_require = ['nose >= 0.11'], test_suite = "nose.collector", zip_safe=False, install_requires=[ 'MarkupSafe>=0.9.2', ], extras_require = {'beaker':['Beaker>=1.1']}, entry_points=""" [python.templating.engines] mako = mako.ext.turbogears:TGPlugin [pygments.lexers] mako = mako.ext.pygmentplugin:MakoLexer html+mako = mako.ext.pygmentplugin:MakoHtmlLexer xml+mako = mako.ext.pygmentplugin:MakoXmlLexer js+mako = mako.ext.pygmentplugin:MakoJavascriptLexer css+mako = mako.ext.pygmentplugin:MakoCssLexer [babel.extractors] mako = mako.ext.babelplugin:extract """, **extra )
Python
""" gae-pytz ======== pytz has a severe performance problem that impedes its usage on Google App Engine. This is caused because pytz.__init__ builds a list of available zoneinfos checking the entire zoneinfo database (which means: it tries to open hundreds of files). This is done in the module globals, so it is not easily avoidable. And it is far from ideal to do this in App Engine - app initialization becomes unacceptable if every time we import pytz it checks 500+ files. In this alternative version, pytz is highly optimized for App Engine, following ideas from several recipes around: - database files are not automatically reads when the module is imported - the database files are loaded using zipimport to reduce number of files - it uses memcache to cache already loaded zoneinfos This results in almost unnoticeable load time and makes pytz usable on App Engine. """ from setuptools import setup, find_packages setup( name='gaepytz', version='2011h', url='http://code.google.com/p/gae-pytz/', license='MIT', author='Rodrigo Moraes', author_email='rodrigo.moraes@gmail.com', description='A version of pytz that works well on Google App Engine.', long_description=__doc__, zip_safe=False, platforms='any', classifiers=[ 'Development Status :: 3 - Alpha', 'Intended Audience :: Developers', 'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License', 'Natural Language :: English', 'Operating System :: OS Independent', 'Programming Language :: Python', 'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules', ], packages=['pytz'], include_package_data=True, package_data={'': ['*.zip']}, )
Python
''' Reference tzinfo implementations from the Python docs. Used for testing against as they are only correct for the years 1987 to 2006. Do not use these for real code. ''' from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime from pytz import utc, UTC, HOUR, ZERO # A class building tzinfo objects for fixed-offset time zones. # Note that FixedOffset(0, "UTC") is a different way to build a # UTC tzinfo object. class FixedOffset(tzinfo): """Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC.""" def __init__(self, offset, name): self.__offset = timedelta(minutes = offset) self.__name = name def utcoffset(self, dt): return self.__offset def tzname(self, dt): return self.__name def dst(self, dt): return ZERO # A class capturing the platform's idea of local time. import time as _time STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone) if _time.daylight: DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone) else: DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET class LocalTimezone(tzinfo): def utcoffset(self, dt): if self._isdst(dt): return DSTOFFSET else: return STDOFFSET def dst(self, dt): if self._isdst(dt): return DSTDIFF else: return ZERO def tzname(self, dt): return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)] def _isdst(self, dt): tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, dt.weekday(), 0, -1) stamp = _time.mktime(tt) tt = _time.localtime(stamp) return tt.tm_isdst > 0 Local = LocalTimezone() # A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones. def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt): days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday() if days_to_go: dt += timedelta(days_to_go) return dt # In the US, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the first Sunday in April. DSTSTART = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2) # and ends at 2am (DST time; 1am standard time) on the last Sunday of Oct. # which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25. DSTEND = datetime(1, 10, 25, 1) class USTimeZone(tzinfo): def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname): self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours) self.reprname = reprname self.stdname = stdname self.dstname = dstname def __repr__(self): return self.reprname def tzname(self, dt): if self.dst(dt): return self.dstname else: return self.stdname def utcoffset(self, dt): return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt) def dst(self, dt): if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None: # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases. # It depends on how you want to treat them. The default # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone() # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self. return ZERO assert dt.tzinfo is self # Find first Sunday in April & the last in October. start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year)) end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year)) # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from # dt first. if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end: return HOUR else: return ZERO Eastern = USTimeZone(-5, "Eastern", "EST", "EDT") Central = USTimeZone(-6, "Central", "CST", "CDT") Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, "Mountain", "MST", "MDT") Pacific = USTimeZone(-8, "Pacific", "PST", "PDT")
Python
""" A pytz version that runs smoothly on Google App Engine. Based on http://appengine-cookbook.appspot.com/recipe/caching-pytz-helper/ To use, add pytz to your path normally, but import it from the gae module: from pytz.gae import pytz Applied patches: - The zoneinfo dir is removed from pytz, as this module includes a ziped version of it. - pytz is monkey patched to load zoneinfos from a zipfile. - pytz is patched to not check all zoneinfo files when loaded. This is sad, I wish that was lazy, so it could be monkey patched. As it is, the zipfile patch doesn't work and it'll spend resources checking hundreds of files that we know aren't there. pytz caches loaded zoneinfos, and this module will additionally cache them in memcache to avoid unzipping constantly. The cache key includes the OLSON_VERSION so it is invalidated when pytz is updated. """ import os import logging import pytz import zipfile from cStringIO import StringIO # Fake memcache for when we're not running under the SDK, likely a script. class memcache(object): @classmethod def add(*args, **kwargs): pass @classmethod def get(*args, **kwargs): return None try: # Don't use memcache outside of Google App Engine or with GAE's dev server. if not os.environ.get('SERVER_SOFTWARE', '').startswith('Development'): from google.appengine.api import memcache except ImportError: pass zoneinfo = None zoneinfo_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'zoneinfo.zip')) def get_zoneinfo(): """Cache the opened zipfile in the module.""" global zoneinfo if zoneinfo is None: zoneinfo = zipfile.ZipFile(zoneinfo_path) return zoneinfo class TimezoneLoader(object): """A loader that that reads timezones using ZipFile.""" def __init__(self): self.available = {} def open_resource(self, name): """Opens a resource from the zoneinfo subdir for reading.""" name_parts = name.lstrip('/').split('/') if os.path.pardir in name_parts: raise ValueError('Bad path segment: %r' % os.path.pardir) cache_key = 'pytz.zoneinfo.%s.%s' % (pytz.OLSON_VERSION, name) zonedata = memcache.get(cache_key) if zonedata is None: zonedata = get_zoneinfo().read('zoneinfo/' + '/'.join(name_parts)) memcache.add(cache_key, zonedata) logging.info('Added timezone to memcache: %s' % cache_key) else: logging.info('Loaded timezone from memcache: %s' % cache_key) return StringIO(zonedata) def resource_exists(self, name): """Return true if the given resource exists""" if name not in self.available: try: get_zoneinfo().getinfo('zoneinfo/' + name) self.available[name] = True except KeyError: self.available[name] = False return self.available[name] pytz.loader = TimezoneLoader()
Python
''' datetime.tzinfo timezone definitions generated from the Olson timezone database: ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz See the datetime section of the Python Library Reference for information on how to use these modules. ''' # The Olson database is updated several times a year. OLSON_VERSION = '2010h' VERSION = OLSON_VERSION # Version format for a patch release - only one so far. #VERSION = OLSON_VERSION + '.2' __version__ = OLSON_VERSION OLSEN_VERSION = OLSON_VERSION # Old releases had this misspelling __all__ = [ 'timezone', 'utc', 'country_timezones', 'country_names', 'AmbiguousTimeError', 'InvalidTimeError', 'NonExistentTimeError', 'UnknownTimeZoneError', 'all_timezones', 'all_timezones_set', 'common_timezones', 'common_timezones_set', 'loader', ] import sys, datetime, os.path, gettext from UserDict import DictMixin from UserList import UserList try: from pkg_resources import resource_stream except ImportError: resource_stream = None from tzinfo import AmbiguousTimeError, InvalidTimeError, NonExistentTimeError from tzinfo import unpickler from tzfile import build_tzinfo # Use 2.3 sets module implementation if set builtin is not available try: set except NameError: from sets import Set as set class TimezoneLoader(object): def __init__(self): self.available = {} def open_resource(self, name): """Open a resource from the zoneinfo subdir for reading. Uses the pkg_resources module if available and no standard file found at the calculated location. """ name_parts = name.lstrip('/').split('/') for part in name_parts: if part == os.path.pardir or os.path.sep in part: raise ValueError('Bad path segment: %r' % part) filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'zoneinfo', *name_parts) if not os.path.exists(filename) and resource_stream is not None: # http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/383171 - we avoid using this # unless absolutely necessary to help when a broken version of # pkg_resources is installed. return resource_stream(__name__, 'zoneinfo/' + name) return open(filename, 'rb') def resource_exists(self, name): """Return true if the given resource exists""" if name not in self.available: try: self.open_resource(name) self.available[name] = True except IOError: self.available[name] = False return self.available[name] loader = TimezoneLoader() def open_resource(name): return loader.open_resource(name) def resource_exists(name): return loader.resource_exists(name) # Enable this when we get some translations? # We want an i18n API that is useful to programs using Python's gettext # module, as well as the Zope3 i18n package. Perhaps we should just provide # the POT file and translations, and leave it up to callers to make use # of them. # # t = gettext.translation( # 'pytz', os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'locales'), # fallback=True # ) # def _(timezone_name): # """Translate a timezone name using the current locale, returning Unicode""" # return t.ugettext(timezone_name) class UnknownTimeZoneError(KeyError): '''Exception raised when pytz is passed an unknown timezone. >>> isinstance(UnknownTimeZoneError(), LookupError) True This class is actually a subclass of KeyError to provide backwards compatibility with code relying on the undocumented behavior of earlier pytz releases. >>> isinstance(UnknownTimeZoneError(), KeyError) True ''' pass _tzinfo_cache = {} def timezone(zone): r''' Return a datetime.tzinfo implementation for the given timezone >>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta >>> utc = timezone('UTC') >>> eastern = timezone('US/Eastern') >>> eastern.zone 'US/Eastern' >>> timezone(u'US/Eastern') is eastern True >>> utc_dt = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc) >>> loc_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(eastern) >>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)' >>> loc_dt.strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 01:00:00 EST (-0500)' >>> (loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 00:50:00 EST (-0500)' >>> eastern.normalize(loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 01:50:00 EDT (-0400)' >>> (loc_dt + timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 01:10:00 EST (-0500)' Raises UnknownTimeZoneError if passed an unknown zone. >>> timezone('Asia/Shangri-La') Traceback (most recent call last): ... UnknownTimeZoneError: 'Asia/Shangri-La' >>> timezone(u'\N{TRADE MARK SIGN}') Traceback (most recent call last): ... UnknownTimeZoneError: u'\u2122' ''' if zone.upper() == 'UTC': return utc try: zone = zone.encode('US-ASCII') except UnicodeEncodeError: # All valid timezones are ASCII raise UnknownTimeZoneError(zone) zone = _unmunge_zone(zone) if zone not in _tzinfo_cache: if resource_exists(zone): _tzinfo_cache[zone] = build_tzinfo(zone, open_resource(zone)) else: raise UnknownTimeZoneError(zone) return _tzinfo_cache[zone] def _unmunge_zone(zone): """Undo the time zone name munging done by older versions of pytz.""" return zone.replace('_plus_', '+').replace('_minus_', '-') ZERO = datetime.timedelta(0) HOUR = datetime.timedelta(hours=1) class UTC(datetime.tzinfo): """UTC Identical to the reference UTC implementation given in Python docs except that it unpickles using the single module global instance defined beneath this class declaration. Also contains extra attributes and methods to match other pytz tzinfo instances. """ zone = "UTC" def utcoffset(self, dt): return ZERO def tzname(self, dt): return "UTC" def dst(self, dt): return ZERO def __reduce__(self): return _UTC, () def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Convert naive time to local time''' if dt.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError, 'Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime''' if dt.tzinfo is None: raise ValueError, 'Naive time - no tzinfo set' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def __repr__(self): return "<UTC>" def __str__(self): return "UTC" UTC = utc = UTC() # UTC is a singleton def _UTC(): """Factory function for utc unpickling. Makes sure that unpickling a utc instance always returns the same module global. These examples belong in the UTC class above, but it is obscured; or in the README.txt, but we are not depending on Python 2.4 so integrating the README.txt examples with the unit tests is not trivial. >>> import datetime, pickle >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2005, 3, 1, 14, 13, 21, tzinfo=utc) >>> naive = dt.replace(tzinfo=None) >>> p = pickle.dumps(dt, 1) >>> naive_p = pickle.dumps(naive, 1) >>> len(p), len(naive_p), len(p) - len(naive_p) (60, 43, 17) >>> new = pickle.loads(p) >>> new == dt True >>> new is dt False >>> new.tzinfo is dt.tzinfo True >>> utc is UTC is timezone('UTC') True >>> utc is timezone('GMT') False """ return utc _UTC.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True def _p(*args): """Factory function for unpickling pytz tzinfo instances. Just a wrapper around tzinfo.unpickler to save a few bytes in each pickle by shortening the path. """ return unpickler(*args) _p.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True class _LazyDict(DictMixin): """Dictionary populated on first use.""" data = None def __getitem__(self, key): if self.data is None: self._fill() return self.data[key.upper()] def keys(self): if self.data is None: self._fill() return self.data.keys() class _LazyList(UserList): def __init__(self, func): self._data = None self._build = func def data(self): if self._data is None: self._data = self._build() return self._data data = property(data) class _CountryTimezoneDict(_LazyDict): """Map ISO 3166 country code to a list of timezone names commonly used in that country. iso3166_code is the two letter code used to identify the country. >>> country_timezones['ch'] ['Europe/Zurich'] >>> country_timezones['CH'] ['Europe/Zurich'] >>> country_timezones[u'ch'] ['Europe/Zurich'] >>> country_timezones['XXX'] Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError: 'XXX' Previously, this information was exposed as a function rather than a dictionary. This is still supported:: >>> country_timezones('nz') ['Pacific/Auckland', 'Pacific/Chatham'] """ def __call__(self, iso3166_code): """Backwards compatibility.""" return self[iso3166_code] def _fill(self): data = {} zone_tab = open_resource('zone.tab') for line in zone_tab: if line.startswith('#'): continue code, coordinates, zone = line.split(None, 4)[:3] if not resource_exists(zone): continue try: data[code].append(zone) except KeyError: data[code] = [zone] self.data = data country_timezones = _CountryTimezoneDict() class _CountryNameDict(_LazyDict): '''Dictionary proving ISO3166 code -> English name. >>> country_names['au'] 'Australia' ''' def _fill(self): data = {} zone_tab = open_resource('iso3166.tab') for line in zone_tab.readlines(): if line.startswith('#'): continue code, name = line.split(None, 1) data[code] = name.strip() self.data = data country_names = _CountryNameDict() # Time-zone info based solely on fixed offsets class _FixedOffset(datetime.tzinfo): zone = None # to match the standard pytz API def __init__(self, minutes): if abs(minutes) >= 1440: raise ValueError("absolute offset is too large", minutes) self._minutes = minutes self._offset = datetime.timedelta(minutes=minutes) def utcoffset(self, dt): return self._offset def __reduce__(self): return FixedOffset, (self._minutes, ) def dst(self, dt): return None def tzname(self, dt): return None def __repr__(self): return 'pytz.FixedOffset(%d)' % self._minutes def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Convert naive time to local time''' if dt.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError, 'Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime''' if dt.tzinfo is None: raise ValueError, 'Naive time - no tzinfo set' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def FixedOffset(offset, _tzinfos = {}): """return a fixed-offset timezone based off a number of minutes. >>> one = FixedOffset(-330) >>> one pytz.FixedOffset(-330) >>> one.utcoffset(datetime.datetime.now()) datetime.timedelta(-1, 66600) >>> two = FixedOffset(1380) >>> two pytz.FixedOffset(1380) >>> two.utcoffset(datetime.datetime.now()) datetime.timedelta(0, 82800) The datetime.timedelta must be between the range of -1 and 1 day, non-inclusive. >>> FixedOffset(1440) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: ('absolute offset is too large', 1440) >>> FixedOffset(-1440) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: ('absolute offset is too large', -1440) An offset of 0 is special-cased to return UTC. >>> FixedOffset(0) is UTC True There should always be only one instance of a FixedOffset per timedelta. This should be true for multiple creation calls. >>> FixedOffset(-330) is one True >>> FixedOffset(1380) is two True It should also be true for pickling. >>> import pickle >>> pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(one)) is one True >>> pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(two)) is two True """ if offset == 0: return UTC info = _tzinfos.get(offset) if info is None: # We haven't seen this one before. we need to save it. # Use setdefault to avoid a race condition and make sure we have # only one info = _tzinfos.setdefault(offset, _FixedOffset(offset)) return info FixedOffset.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True def _test(): import doctest, os, sys sys.path.insert(0, os.pardir) import pytz return doctest.testmod(pytz) if __name__ == '__main__': _test() all_timezones_unfiltered = \ ['Africa/Abidjan', 'Africa/Accra', 'Africa/Addis_Ababa', 'Africa/Algiers', 'Africa/Asmara', 'Africa/Asmera', 'Africa/Bamako', 'Africa/Bangui', 'Africa/Banjul', 'Africa/Bissau', 'Africa/Blantyre', 'Africa/Brazzaville', 'Africa/Bujumbura', 'Africa/Cairo', 'Africa/Casablanca', 'Africa/Ceuta', 'Africa/Conakry', 'Africa/Dakar', 'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam', 'Africa/Djibouti', 'Africa/Douala', 'Africa/El_Aaiun', 'Africa/Freetown', 'Africa/Gaborone', 'Africa/Harare', 'Africa/Johannesburg', 'Africa/Kampala', 'Africa/Khartoum', 'Africa/Kigali', 'Africa/Kinshasa', 'Africa/Lagos', 'Africa/Libreville', 'Africa/Lome', 'Africa/Luanda', 'Africa/Lubumbashi', 'Africa/Lusaka', 'Africa/Malabo', 'Africa/Maputo', 'Africa/Maseru', 'Africa/Mbabane', 'Africa/Mogadishu', 'Africa/Monrovia', 'Africa/Nairobi', 'Africa/Ndjamena', 'Africa/Niamey', 'Africa/Nouakchott', 'Africa/Ouagadougou', 'Africa/Porto-Novo', 'Africa/Sao_Tome', 'Africa/Timbuktu', 'Africa/Tripoli', 'Africa/Tunis', 'Africa/Windhoek', 'America/Adak', 'America/Anchorage', 'America/Anguilla', 'America/Antigua', 'America/Araguaina', 'America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', 'America/Argentina/Catamarca', 'America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia', 'America/Argentina/Cordoba', 'America/Argentina/Jujuy', 'America/Argentina/La_Rioja', 'America/Argentina/Mendoza', 'America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos', 'America/Argentina/Salta', 'America/Argentina/San_Juan', 'America/Argentina/San_Luis', 'America/Argentina/Tucuman', 'America/Argentina/Ushuaia', 'America/Aruba', 'America/Asuncion', 'America/Atikokan', 'America/Atka', 'America/Bahia', 'America/Barbados', 'America/Belem', 'America/Belize', 'America/Blanc-Sablon', 'America/Boa_Vista', 'America/Bogota', 'America/Boise', 'America/Buenos_Aires', 'America/Cambridge_Bay', 'America/Campo_Grande', 'America/Cancun', 'America/Caracas', 'America/Catamarca', 'America/Cayenne', 'America/Cayman', 'America/Chicago', 'America/Chihuahua', 'America/Coral_Harbour', 'America/Cordoba', 'America/Costa_Rica', 'America/Cuiaba', 'America/Curacao', 'America/Danmarkshavn', 'America/Dawson', 'America/Dawson_Creek', 'America/Denver', 'America/Detroit', 'America/Dominica', 'America/Edmonton', 'America/Eirunepe', 'America/El_Salvador', 'America/Ensenada', 'America/Fort_Wayne', 'America/Fortaleza', 'America/Glace_Bay', 'America/Godthab', 'America/Goose_Bay', 'America/Grand_Turk', 'America/Grenada', 'America/Guadeloupe', 'America/Guatemala', 'America/Guayaquil', 'America/Guyana', 'America/Halifax', 'America/Havana', 'America/Hermosillo', 'America/Indiana/Indianapolis', 'America/Indiana/Knox', 'America/Indiana/Marengo', 'America/Indiana/Petersburg', 'America/Indiana/Tell_City', 'America/Indiana/Vevay', 'America/Indiana/Vincennes', 'America/Indiana/Winamac', 'America/Indianapolis', 'America/Inuvik', 'America/Iqaluit', 'America/Jamaica', 'America/Jujuy', 'America/Juneau', 'America/Kentucky/Louisville', 'America/Kentucky/Monticello', 'America/Knox_IN', 'America/La_Paz', 'America/Lima', 'America/Los_Angeles', 'America/Louisville', 'America/Maceio', 'America/Managua', 'America/Manaus', 'America/Marigot', 'America/Martinique', 'America/Mazatlan', 'America/Mendoza', 'America/Menominee', 'America/Merida', 'America/Mexico_City', 'America/Miquelon', 'America/Moncton', 'America/Monterrey', 'America/Montevideo', 'America/Montreal', 'America/Montserrat', 'America/Nassau', 'America/New_York', 'America/Nipigon', 'America/Nome', 'America/Noronha', 'America/North_Dakota/Center', 'America/North_Dakota/New_Salem', 'America/Panama', 'America/Pangnirtung', 'America/Paramaribo', 'America/Phoenix', 'America/Port-au-Prince', 'America/Port_of_Spain', 'America/Porto_Acre', 'America/Porto_Velho', 'America/Puerto_Rico', 'America/Rainy_River', 'America/Rankin_Inlet', 'America/Recife', 'America/Regina', 'America/Resolute', 'America/Rio_Branco', 'America/Rosario', 'America/Santarem', 'America/Santiago', 'America/Santo_Domingo', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'America/Scoresbysund', 'America/Shiprock', 'America/St_Barthelemy', 'America/St_Johns', 'America/St_Kitts', 'America/St_Lucia', 'America/St_Thomas', 'America/St_Vincent', 'America/Swift_Current', 'America/Tegucigalpa', 'America/Thule', 'America/Thunder_Bay', 'America/Tijuana', 'America/Toronto', 'America/Tortola', 'America/Vancouver', 'America/Virgin', 'America/Whitehorse', 'America/Winnipeg', 'America/Yakutat', 'America/Yellowknife', 'Antarctica/Casey', 'Antarctica/Davis', 'Antarctica/DumontDUrville', 'Antarctica/Mawson', 'Antarctica/McMurdo', 'Antarctica/Palmer', 'Antarctica/Rothera', 'Antarctica/South_Pole', 'Antarctica/Syowa', 'Antarctica/Vostok', 'Arctic/Longyearbyen', 'Asia/Aden', 'Asia/Almaty', 'Asia/Amman', 'Asia/Anadyr', 'Asia/Aqtau', 'Asia/Aqtobe', 'Asia/Ashgabat', 'Asia/Ashkhabad', 'Asia/Baghdad', 'Asia/Bahrain', 'Asia/Baku', 'Asia/Bangkok', 'Asia/Beirut', 'Asia/Bishkek', 'Asia/Brunei', 'Asia/Calcutta', 'Asia/Choibalsan', 'Asia/Chongqing', 'Asia/Chungking', 'Asia/Colombo', 'Asia/Dacca', 'Asia/Damascus', 'Asia/Dhaka', 'Asia/Dili', 'Asia/Dubai', 'Asia/Dushanbe', 'Asia/Gaza', 'Asia/Harbin', 'Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh', 'Asia/Hong_Kong', 'Asia/Hovd', 'Asia/Irkutsk', 'Asia/Istanbul', 'Asia/Jakarta', 'Asia/Jayapura', 'Asia/Jerusalem', 'Asia/Kabul', 'Asia/Kamchatka', 'Asia/Karachi', 'Asia/Kashgar', 'Asia/Kathmandu', 'Asia/Katmandu', 'Asia/Kolkata', 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk', 'Asia/Kuala_Lumpur', 'Asia/Kuching', 'Asia/Kuwait', 'Asia/Macao', 'Asia/Macau', 'Asia/Magadan', 'Asia/Makassar', 'Asia/Manila', 'Asia/Muscat', 'Asia/Nicosia', 'Asia/Novokuznetsk', 'Asia/Novosibirsk', 'Asia/Omsk', 'Asia/Oral', 'Asia/Phnom_Penh', 'Asia/Pontianak', 'Asia/Pyongyang', 'Asia/Qatar', 'Asia/Qyzylorda', 'Asia/Rangoon', 'Asia/Riyadh', 'Asia/Saigon', 'Asia/Sakhalin', 'Asia/Samarkand', 'Asia/Seoul', 'Asia/Shanghai', 'Asia/Singapore', 'Asia/Taipei', 'Asia/Tashkent', 'Asia/Tbilisi', 'Asia/Tehran', 'Asia/Tel_Aviv', 'Asia/Thimbu', 'Asia/Thimphu', 'Asia/Tokyo', 'Asia/Ujung_Pandang', 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar', 'Asia/Ulan_Bator', 'Asia/Urumqi', 'Asia/Vientiane', 'Asia/Vladivostok', 'Asia/Yakutsk', 'Asia/Yekaterinburg', 'Asia/Yerevan', 'Atlantic/Azores', 'Atlantic/Bermuda', 'Atlantic/Canary', 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde', 'Atlantic/Faeroe', 'Atlantic/Faroe', 'Atlantic/Jan_Mayen', 'Atlantic/Madeira', 'Atlantic/Reykjavik', 'Atlantic/South_Georgia', 'Atlantic/St_Helena', 'Atlantic/Stanley', 'Australia/ACT', 'Australia/Adelaide', 'Australia/Brisbane', 'Australia/Broken_Hill', 'Australia/Canberra', 'Australia/Currie', 'Australia/Darwin', 'Australia/Eucla', 'Australia/Hobart', 'Australia/LHI', 'Australia/Lindeman', 'Australia/Lord_Howe', 'Australia/Melbourne', 'Australia/NSW', 'Australia/North', 'Australia/Perth', 'Australia/Queensland', 'Australia/South', 'Australia/Sydney', 'Australia/Tasmania', 'Australia/Victoria', 'Australia/West', 'Australia/Yancowinna', 'Brazil/Acre', 'Brazil/DeNoronha', 'Brazil/East', 'Brazil/West', 'CET', 'CST6CDT', 'Canada/Atlantic', 'Canada/Central', 'Canada/East-Saskatchewan', 'Canada/Eastern', 'Canada/Mountain', 'Canada/Newfoundland', 'Canada/Pacific', 'Canada/Saskatchewan', 'Canada/Yukon', 'Chile/Continental', 'Chile/EasterIsland', 'Cuba', 'EET', 'EST', 'EST5EDT', 'Egypt', 'Eire', 'Etc/GMT', 'Etc/GMT+0', 'Etc/GMT+1', 'Etc/GMT+10', 'Etc/GMT+11', 'Etc/GMT+12', 'Etc/GMT+2', 'Etc/GMT+3', 'Etc/GMT+4', 'Etc/GMT+5', 'Etc/GMT+6', 'Etc/GMT+7', 'Etc/GMT+8', 'Etc/GMT+9', 'Etc/GMT-0', 'Etc/GMT-1', 'Etc/GMT-10', 'Etc/GMT-11', 'Etc/GMT-12', 'Etc/GMT-13', 'Etc/GMT-14', 'Etc/GMT-2', 'Etc/GMT-3', 'Etc/GMT-4', 'Etc/GMT-5', 'Etc/GMT-6', 'Etc/GMT-7', 'Etc/GMT-8', 'Etc/GMT-9', 'Etc/GMT0', 'Etc/Greenwich', 'Etc/UCT', 'Etc/UTC', 'Etc/Universal', 'Etc/Zulu', 'Europe/Amsterdam', 'Europe/Andorra', 'Europe/Athens', 'Europe/Belfast', 'Europe/Belgrade', 'Europe/Berlin', 'Europe/Bratislava', 'Europe/Brussels', 'Europe/Bucharest', 'Europe/Budapest', 'Europe/Chisinau', 'Europe/Copenhagen', 'Europe/Dublin', 'Europe/Gibraltar', 'Europe/Guernsey', 'Europe/Helsinki', 'Europe/Isle_of_Man', 'Europe/Istanbul', 'Europe/Jersey', 'Europe/Kaliningrad', 'Europe/Kiev', 'Europe/Lisbon', 'Europe/Ljubljana', 'Europe/London', 'Europe/Luxembourg', 'Europe/Madrid', 'Europe/Malta', 'Europe/Mariehamn', 'Europe/Minsk', 'Europe/Monaco', 'Europe/Moscow', 'Europe/Nicosia', 'Europe/Oslo', 'Europe/Paris', 'Europe/Podgorica', 'Europe/Prague', 'Europe/Riga', 'Europe/Rome', 'Europe/Samara', 'Europe/San_Marino', 'Europe/Sarajevo', 'Europe/Simferopol', 'Europe/Skopje', 'Europe/Sofia', 'Europe/Stockholm', 'Europe/Tallinn', 'Europe/Tirane', 'Europe/Tiraspol', 'Europe/Uzhgorod', 'Europe/Vaduz', 'Europe/Vatican', 'Europe/Vienna', 'Europe/Vilnius', 'Europe/Volgograd', 'Europe/Warsaw', 'Europe/Zagreb', 'Europe/Zaporozhye', 'Europe/Zurich', 'GB', 'GB-Eire', 'GMT', 'GMT+0', 'GMT-0', 'GMT0', 'Greenwich', 'HST', 'Hongkong', 'Iceland', 'Indian/Antananarivo', 'Indian/Chagos', 'Indian/Christmas', 'Indian/Cocos', 'Indian/Comoro', 'Indian/Kerguelen', 'Indian/Mahe', 'Indian/Maldives', 'Indian/Mauritius', 'Indian/Mayotte', 'Indian/Reunion', 'Iran', 'Israel', 'Jamaica', 'Japan', 'Kwajalein', 'Libya', 'MET', 'MST', 'MST7MDT', 'Mexico/BajaNorte', 'Mexico/BajaSur', 'Mexico/General', 'NZ', 'NZ-CHAT', 'Navajo', 'PRC', 'PST8PDT', 'Pacific/Apia', 'Pacific/Auckland', 'Pacific/Chatham', 'Pacific/Easter', 'Pacific/Efate', 'Pacific/Enderbury', 'Pacific/Fakaofo', 'Pacific/Fiji', 'Pacific/Funafuti', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Gambier', 'Pacific/Guadalcanal', 'Pacific/Guam', 'Pacific/Honolulu', 'Pacific/Johnston', 'Pacific/Kiritimati', 'Pacific/Kosrae', 'Pacific/Kwajalein', 'Pacific/Majuro', 'Pacific/Marquesas', 'Pacific/Midway', 'Pacific/Nauru', 'Pacific/Niue', 'Pacific/Norfolk', 'Pacific/Noumea', 'Pacific/Pago_Pago', 'Pacific/Palau', 'Pacific/Pitcairn', 'Pacific/Ponape', 'Pacific/Port_Moresby', 'Pacific/Rarotonga', 'Pacific/Saipan', 'Pacific/Samoa', 'Pacific/Tahiti', 'Pacific/Tarawa', 'Pacific/Tongatapu', 'Pacific/Truk', 'Pacific/Wake', 'Pacific/Wallis', 'Pacific/Yap', 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'ROC', 'ROK', 'Singapore', 'Turkey', 'UCT', 'US/Alaska', 'US/Aleutian', 'US/Arizona', 'US/Central', 'US/East-Indiana', 'US/Eastern', 'US/Hawaii', 'US/Indiana-Starke', 'US/Michigan', 'US/Mountain', 'US/Pacific', 'US/Pacific-New', 'US/Samoa', 'UTC', 'Universal', 'W-SU', 'WET', 'Zulu'] all_timezones = _LazyList( lambda: filter(resource_exists, all_timezones_unfiltered) ) all_timezones_set = set(all_timezones_unfiltered) # XXX common_timezones_unfiltered = \ ['Africa/Abidjan', 'Africa/Accra', 'Africa/Addis_Ababa', 'Africa/Algiers', 'Africa/Asmara', 'Africa/Bamako', 'Africa/Bangui', 'Africa/Banjul', 'Africa/Bissau', 'Africa/Blantyre', 'Africa/Brazzaville', 'Africa/Bujumbura', 'Africa/Cairo', 'Africa/Casablanca', 'Africa/Ceuta', 'Africa/Conakry', 'Africa/Dakar', 'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam', 'Africa/Djibouti', 'Africa/Douala', 'Africa/El_Aaiun', 'Africa/Freetown', 'Africa/Gaborone', 'Africa/Harare', 'Africa/Johannesburg', 'Africa/Kampala', 'Africa/Khartoum', 'Africa/Kigali', 'Africa/Kinshasa', 'Africa/Lagos', 'Africa/Libreville', 'Africa/Lome', 'Africa/Luanda', 'Africa/Lubumbashi', 'Africa/Lusaka', 'Africa/Malabo', 'Africa/Maputo', 'Africa/Maseru', 'Africa/Mbabane', 'Africa/Mogadishu', 'Africa/Monrovia', 'Africa/Nairobi', 'Africa/Ndjamena', 'Africa/Niamey', 'Africa/Nouakchott', 'Africa/Ouagadougou', 'Africa/Porto-Novo', 'Africa/Sao_Tome', 'Africa/Tripoli', 'Africa/Tunis', 'Africa/Windhoek', 'America/Adak', 'America/Anchorage', 'America/Anguilla', 'America/Antigua', 'America/Araguaina', 'America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', 'America/Argentina/Catamarca', 'America/Argentina/Cordoba', 'America/Argentina/Jujuy', 'America/Argentina/La_Rioja', 'America/Argentina/Mendoza', 'America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos', 'America/Argentina/Salta', 'America/Argentina/San_Juan', 'America/Argentina/San_Luis', 'America/Argentina/Tucuman', 'America/Argentina/Ushuaia', 'America/Aruba', 'America/Asuncion', 'America/Atikokan', 'America/Bahia', 'America/Barbados', 'America/Belem', 'America/Belize', 'America/Blanc-Sablon', 'America/Boa_Vista', 'America/Bogota', 'America/Boise', 'America/Cambridge_Bay', 'America/Campo_Grande', 'America/Cancun', 'America/Caracas', 'America/Cayenne', 'America/Cayman', 'America/Chicago', 'America/Chihuahua', 'America/Costa_Rica', 'America/Cuiaba', 'America/Curacao', 'America/Danmarkshavn', 'America/Dawson', 'America/Dawson_Creek', 'America/Denver', 'America/Detroit', 'America/Dominica', 'America/Edmonton', 'America/Eirunepe', 'America/El_Salvador', 'America/Fortaleza', 'America/Glace_Bay', 'America/Godthab', 'America/Goose_Bay', 'America/Grand_Turk', 'America/Grenada', 'America/Guadeloupe', 'America/Guatemala', 'America/Guayaquil', 'America/Guyana', 'America/Halifax', 'America/Havana', 'America/Hermosillo', 'America/Indiana/Indianapolis', 'America/Indiana/Knox', 'America/Indiana/Marengo', 'America/Indiana/Petersburg', 'America/Indiana/Tell_City', 'America/Indiana/Vevay', 'America/Indiana/Vincennes', 'America/Indiana/Winamac', 'America/Inuvik', 'America/Iqaluit', 'America/Jamaica', 'America/Juneau', 'America/Kentucky/Louisville', 'America/Kentucky/Monticello', 'America/La_Paz', 'America/Lima', 'America/Los_Angeles', 'America/Maceio', 'America/Managua', 'America/Manaus', 'America/Martinique', 'America/Mazatlan', 'America/Menominee', 'America/Merida', 'America/Mexico_City', 'America/Miquelon', 'America/Moncton', 'America/Monterrey', 'America/Montevideo', 'America/Montreal', 'America/Montserrat', 'America/Nassau', 'America/New_York', 'America/Nipigon', 'America/Nome', 'America/Noronha', 'America/North_Dakota/Center', 'America/North_Dakota/New_Salem', 'America/Panama', 'America/Pangnirtung', 'America/Paramaribo', 'America/Phoenix', 'America/Port-au-Prince', 'America/Port_of_Spain', 'America/Porto_Velho', 'America/Puerto_Rico', 'America/Rainy_River', 'America/Rankin_Inlet', 'America/Recife', 'America/Regina', 'America/Resolute', 'America/Rio_Branco', 'America/Santarem', 'America/Santiago', 'America/Santo_Domingo', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'America/Scoresbysund', 'America/St_Johns', 'America/St_Kitts', 'America/St_Lucia', 'America/St_Thomas', 'America/St_Vincent', 'America/Swift_Current', 'America/Tegucigalpa', 'America/Thule', 'America/Thunder_Bay', 'America/Tijuana', 'America/Toronto', 'America/Tortola', 'America/Vancouver', 'America/Whitehorse', 'America/Winnipeg', 'America/Yakutat', 'America/Yellowknife', 'Antarctica/Casey', 'Antarctica/Davis', 'Antarctica/DumontDUrville', 'Antarctica/Mawson', 'Antarctica/McMurdo', 'Antarctica/Palmer', 'Antarctica/Rothera', 'Antarctica/Syowa', 'Antarctica/Vostok', 'Asia/Aden', 'Asia/Almaty', 'Asia/Amman', 'Asia/Anadyr', 'Asia/Aqtau', 'Asia/Aqtobe', 'Asia/Ashgabat', 'Asia/Baghdad', 'Asia/Bahrain', 'Asia/Baku', 'Asia/Bangkok', 'Asia/Beirut', 'Asia/Bishkek', 'Asia/Brunei', 'Asia/Choibalsan', 'Asia/Chongqing', 'Asia/Colombo', 'Asia/Damascus', 'Asia/Dhaka', 'Asia/Dili', 'Asia/Dubai', 'Asia/Dushanbe', 'Asia/Gaza', 'Asia/Harbin', 'Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh', 'Asia/Hong_Kong', 'Asia/Hovd', 'Asia/Irkutsk', 'Asia/Jakarta', 'Asia/Jayapura', 'Asia/Jerusalem', 'Asia/Kabul', 'Asia/Kamchatka', 'Asia/Karachi', 'Asia/Kashgar', 'Asia/Kathmandu', 'Asia/Kolkata', 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk', 'Asia/Kuala_Lumpur', 'Asia/Kuching', 'Asia/Kuwait', 'Asia/Macau', 'Asia/Magadan', 'Asia/Makassar', 'Asia/Manila', 'Asia/Muscat', 'Asia/Nicosia', 'Asia/Novokuznetsk', 'Asia/Novosibirsk', 'Asia/Omsk', 'Asia/Oral', 'Asia/Phnom_Penh', 'Asia/Pontianak', 'Asia/Pyongyang', 'Asia/Qatar', 'Asia/Qyzylorda', 'Asia/Rangoon', 'Asia/Riyadh', 'Asia/Sakhalin', 'Asia/Samarkand', 'Asia/Seoul', 'Asia/Shanghai', 'Asia/Singapore', 'Asia/Taipei', 'Asia/Tashkent', 'Asia/Tbilisi', 'Asia/Tehran', 'Asia/Thimphu', 'Asia/Tokyo', 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar', 'Asia/Urumqi', 'Asia/Vientiane', 'Asia/Vladivostok', 'Asia/Yakutsk', 'Asia/Yekaterinburg', 'Asia/Yerevan', 'Atlantic/Azores', 'Atlantic/Bermuda', 'Atlantic/Canary', 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde', 'Atlantic/Faroe', 'Atlantic/Madeira', 'Atlantic/Reykjavik', 'Atlantic/South_Georgia', 'Atlantic/St_Helena', 'Atlantic/Stanley', 'Australia/Adelaide', 'Australia/Brisbane', 'Australia/Broken_Hill', 'Australia/Currie', 'Australia/Darwin', 'Australia/Eucla', 'Australia/Hobart', 'Australia/Lindeman', 'Australia/Lord_Howe', 'Australia/Melbourne', 'Australia/Perth', 'Australia/Sydney', 'Europe/Amsterdam', 'Europe/Andorra', 'Europe/Athens', 'Europe/Belgrade', 'Europe/Berlin', 'Europe/Brussels', 'Europe/Bucharest', 'Europe/Budapest', 'Europe/Chisinau', 'Europe/Copenhagen', 'Europe/Dublin', 'Europe/Gibraltar', 'Europe/Helsinki', 'Europe/Istanbul', 'Europe/Kaliningrad', 'Europe/Kiev', 'Europe/Lisbon', 'Europe/London', 'Europe/Luxembourg', 'Europe/Madrid', 'Europe/Malta', 'Europe/Minsk', 'Europe/Monaco', 'Europe/Moscow', 'Europe/Oslo', 'Europe/Paris', 'Europe/Prague', 'Europe/Riga', 'Europe/Rome', 'Europe/Samara', 'Europe/Simferopol', 'Europe/Sofia', 'Europe/Stockholm', 'Europe/Tallinn', 'Europe/Tirane', 'Europe/Uzhgorod', 'Europe/Vaduz', 'Europe/Vienna', 'Europe/Vilnius', 'Europe/Volgograd', 'Europe/Warsaw', 'Europe/Zaporozhye', 'Europe/Zurich', 'GMT', 'Indian/Antananarivo', 'Indian/Chagos', 'Indian/Christmas', 'Indian/Cocos', 'Indian/Comoro', 'Indian/Kerguelen', 'Indian/Mahe', 'Indian/Maldives', 'Indian/Mauritius', 'Indian/Mayotte', 'Indian/Reunion', 'Pacific/Apia', 'Pacific/Auckland', 'Pacific/Chatham', 'Pacific/Easter', 'Pacific/Efate', 'Pacific/Enderbury', 'Pacific/Fakaofo', 'Pacific/Fiji', 'Pacific/Funafuti', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Gambier', 'Pacific/Guadalcanal', 'Pacific/Guam', 'Pacific/Honolulu', 'Pacific/Johnston', 'Pacific/Kiritimati', 'Pacific/Kosrae', 'Pacific/Kwajalein', 'Pacific/Majuro', 'Pacific/Marquesas', 'Pacific/Midway', 'Pacific/Nauru', 'Pacific/Niue', 'Pacific/Norfolk', 'Pacific/Noumea', 'Pacific/Pago_Pago', 'Pacific/Palau', 'Pacific/Pitcairn', 'Pacific/Ponape', 'Pacific/Port_Moresby', 'Pacific/Rarotonga', 'Pacific/Saipan', 'Pacific/Tahiti', 'Pacific/Tarawa', 'Pacific/Tongatapu', 'Pacific/Truk', 'Pacific/Wake', 'Pacific/Wallis', 'US/Alaska', 'US/Arizona', 'US/Central', 'US/Eastern', 'US/Hawaii', 'US/Mountain', 'US/Pacific', 'UTC'] common_timezones = _LazyList( lambda: filter(resource_exists, common_timezones_unfiltered) ) common_timezones_set = set(common_timezones_unfiltered) # XXX
Python
'''Base classes and helpers for building zone specific tzinfo classes''' from datetime import datetime, timedelta, tzinfo from bisect import bisect_right try: set except NameError: from sets import Set as set import pytz __all__ = [] _timedelta_cache = {} def memorized_timedelta(seconds): '''Create only one instance of each distinct timedelta''' try: return _timedelta_cache[seconds] except KeyError: delta = timedelta(seconds=seconds) _timedelta_cache[seconds] = delta return delta _epoch = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0) _datetime_cache = {0: _epoch} def memorized_datetime(seconds): '''Create only one instance of each distinct datetime''' try: return _datetime_cache[seconds] except KeyError: # NB. We can't just do datetime.utcfromtimestamp(seconds) as this # fails with negative values under Windows (Bug #90096) dt = _epoch + timedelta(seconds=seconds) _datetime_cache[seconds] = dt return dt _ttinfo_cache = {} def memorized_ttinfo(*args): '''Create only one instance of each distinct tuple''' try: return _ttinfo_cache[args] except KeyError: ttinfo = ( memorized_timedelta(args[0]), memorized_timedelta(args[1]), args[2] ) _ttinfo_cache[args] = ttinfo return ttinfo _notime = memorized_timedelta(0) def _to_seconds(td): '''Convert a timedelta to seconds''' return td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 60 * 60 class BaseTzInfo(tzinfo): # Overridden in subclass _utcoffset = None _tzname = None zone = None def __str__(self): return self.zone class StaticTzInfo(BaseTzInfo): '''A timezone that has a constant offset from UTC These timezones are rare, as most locations have changed their offset at some point in their history ''' def fromutc(self, dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.fromutc''' return (dt + self._utcoffset).replace(tzinfo=self) def utcoffset(self,dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset''' return self._utcoffset def dst(self,dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.dst''' return _notime def tzname(self,dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.tzname''' return self._tzname def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Convert naive time to local time''' if dt.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError, 'Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime''' if dt.tzinfo is None: raise ValueError, 'Naive time - no tzinfo set' return dt.replace(tzinfo=self) def __repr__(self): return '<StaticTzInfo %r>' % (self.zone,) def __reduce__(self): # Special pickle to zone remains a singleton and to cope with # database changes. return pytz._p, (self.zone,) class DstTzInfo(BaseTzInfo): '''A timezone that has a variable offset from UTC The offset might change if daylight savings time comes into effect, or at a point in history when the region decides to change their timezone definition. ''' # Overridden in subclass _utc_transition_times = None # Sorted list of DST transition times in UTC _transition_info = None # [(utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname)] corresponding # to _utc_transition_times entries zone = None # Set in __init__ _tzinfos = None _dst = None # DST offset def __init__(self, _inf=None, _tzinfos=None): if _inf: self._tzinfos = _tzinfos self._utcoffset, self._dst, self._tzname = _inf else: _tzinfos = {} self._tzinfos = _tzinfos self._utcoffset, self._dst, self._tzname = self._transition_info[0] _tzinfos[self._transition_info[0]] = self for inf in self._transition_info[1:]: if not _tzinfos.has_key(inf): _tzinfos[inf] = self.__class__(inf, _tzinfos) def fromutc(self, dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.fromutc''' dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None) idx = max(0, bisect_right(self._utc_transition_times, dt) - 1) inf = self._transition_info[idx] return (dt + inf[0]).replace(tzinfo=self._tzinfos[inf]) def normalize(self, dt): '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime If date arithmetic crosses DST boundaries, the tzinfo is not magically adjusted. This method normalizes the tzinfo to the correct one. To test, first we need to do some setup >>> from pytz import timezone >>> utc = timezone('UTC') >>> eastern = timezone('US/Eastern') >>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)' We next create a datetime right on an end-of-DST transition point, the instant when the wallclocks are wound back one hour. >>> utc_dt = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc) >>> loc_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(eastern) >>> loc_dt.strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 01:00:00 EST (-0500)' Now, if we subtract a few minutes from it, note that the timezone information has not changed. >>> before = loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10) >>> before.strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 00:50:00 EST (-0500)' But we can fix that by calling the normalize method >>> before = eastern.normalize(before) >>> before.strftime(fmt) '2002-10-27 01:50:00 EDT (-0400)' ''' if dt.tzinfo is None: raise ValueError, 'Naive time - no tzinfo set' # Convert dt in localtime to UTC offset = dt.tzinfo._utcoffset dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None) dt = dt - offset # convert it back, and return it return self.fromutc(dt) def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False): '''Convert naive time to local time. This method should be used to construct localtimes, rather than passing a tzinfo argument to a datetime constructor. is_dst is used to determine the correct timezone in the ambigous period at the end of daylight savings time. >>> from pytz import timezone >>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)' >>> amdam = timezone('Europe/Amsterdam') >>> dt = datetime(2004, 10, 31, 2, 0, 0) >>> loc_dt1 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=True) >>> loc_dt2 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=False) >>> loc_dt1.strftime(fmt) '2004-10-31 02:00:00 CEST (+0200)' >>> loc_dt2.strftime(fmt) '2004-10-31 02:00:00 CET (+0100)' >>> str(loc_dt2 - loc_dt1) '1:00:00' Use is_dst=None to raise an AmbiguousTimeError for ambiguous times at the end of daylight savings >>> loc_dt1 = amdam.localize(dt, is_dst=None) Traceback (most recent call last): [...] AmbiguousTimeError: 2004-10-31 02:00:00 is_dst defaults to False >>> amdam.localize(dt) == amdam.localize(dt, False) True is_dst is also used to determine the correct timezone in the wallclock times jumped over at the start of daylight savings time. >>> pacific = timezone('US/Pacific') >>> dt = datetime(2008, 3, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> ploc_dt1 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=True) >>> ploc_dt2 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=False) >>> ploc_dt1.strftime(fmt) '2008-03-09 02:00:00 PDT (-0700)' >>> ploc_dt2.strftime(fmt) '2008-03-09 02:00:00 PST (-0800)' >>> str(ploc_dt2 - ploc_dt1) '1:00:00' Use is_dst=None to raise a NonExistentTimeError for these skipped times. >>> loc_dt1 = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=None) Traceback (most recent call last): [...] NonExistentTimeError: 2008-03-09 02:00:00 ''' if dt.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError, 'Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)' # Find the two best possibilities. possible_loc_dt = set() for delta in [timedelta(days=-1), timedelta(days=1)]: loc_dt = dt + delta idx = max(0, bisect_right( self._utc_transition_times, loc_dt) - 1) inf = self._transition_info[idx] tzinfo = self._tzinfos[inf] loc_dt = tzinfo.normalize(dt.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)) if loc_dt.replace(tzinfo=None) == dt: possible_loc_dt.add(loc_dt) if len(possible_loc_dt) == 1: return possible_loc_dt.pop() # If there are no possibly correct timezones, we are attempting # to convert a time that never happened - the time period jumped # during the start-of-DST transition period. if len(possible_loc_dt) == 0: # If we refuse to guess, raise an exception. if is_dst is None: raise NonExistentTimeError(dt) # If we are forcing the pre-DST side of the DST transition, we # obtain the correct timezone by winding the clock forward a few # hours. elif is_dst: return self.localize( dt + timedelta(hours=6), is_dst=True) - timedelta(hours=6) # If we are forcing the post-DST side of the DST transition, we # obtain the correct timezone by winding the clock back. else: return self.localize( dt - timedelta(hours=6), is_dst=False) + timedelta(hours=6) # If we get this far, we have multiple possible timezones - this # is an ambiguous case occuring during the end-of-DST transition. # If told to be strict, raise an exception since we have an # ambiguous case if is_dst is None: raise AmbiguousTimeError(dt) # Filter out the possiblilities that don't match the requested # is_dst filtered_possible_loc_dt = [ p for p in possible_loc_dt if bool(p.tzinfo._dst) == is_dst ] # Hopefully we only have one possibility left. Return it. if len(filtered_possible_loc_dt) == 1: return filtered_possible_loc_dt[0] if len(filtered_possible_loc_dt) == 0: filtered_possible_loc_dt = list(possible_loc_dt) # If we get this far, we have in a wierd timezone transition # where the clocks have been wound back but is_dst is the same # in both (eg. Europe/Warsaw 1915 when they switched to CET). # At this point, we just have to guess unless we allow more # hints to be passed in (such as the UTC offset or abbreviation), # but that is just getting silly. # # Choose the earliest (by UTC) applicable timezone. def mycmp(a,b): return cmp( a.replace(tzinfo=None) - a.tzinfo._utcoffset, b.replace(tzinfo=None) - b.tzinfo._utcoffset, ) filtered_possible_loc_dt.sort(mycmp) return filtered_possible_loc_dt[0] def utcoffset(self, dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset''' return self._utcoffset def dst(self, dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.dst''' return self._dst def tzname(self, dt): '''See datetime.tzinfo.tzname''' return self._tzname def __repr__(self): if self._dst: dst = 'DST' else: dst = 'STD' if self._utcoffset > _notime: return '<DstTzInfo %r %s+%s %s>' % ( self.zone, self._tzname, self._utcoffset, dst ) else: return '<DstTzInfo %r %s%s %s>' % ( self.zone, self._tzname, self._utcoffset, dst ) def __reduce__(self): # Special pickle to zone remains a singleton and to cope with # database changes. return pytz._p, ( self.zone, _to_seconds(self._utcoffset), _to_seconds(self._dst), self._tzname ) class InvalidTimeError(Exception): '''Base class for invalid time exceptions.''' class AmbiguousTimeError(InvalidTimeError): '''Exception raised when attempting to create an ambiguous wallclock time. At the end of a DST transition period, a particular wallclock time will occur twice (once before the clocks are set back, once after). Both possibilities may be correct, unless further information is supplied. See DstTzInfo.normalize() for more info ''' class NonExistentTimeError(InvalidTimeError): '''Exception raised when attempting to create a wallclock time that cannot exist. At the start of a DST transition period, the wallclock time jumps forward. The instants jumped over never occur. ''' def unpickler(zone, utcoffset=None, dstoffset=None, tzname=None): """Factory function for unpickling pytz tzinfo instances. This is shared for both StaticTzInfo and DstTzInfo instances, because database changes could cause a zones implementation to switch between these two base classes and we can't break pickles on a pytz version upgrade. """ # Raises a KeyError if zone no longer exists, which should never happen # and would be a bug. tz = pytz.timezone(zone) # A StaticTzInfo - just return it if utcoffset is None: return tz # This pickle was created from a DstTzInfo. We need to # determine which of the list of tzinfo instances for this zone # to use in order to restore the state of any datetime instances using # it correctly. utcoffset = memorized_timedelta(utcoffset) dstoffset = memorized_timedelta(dstoffset) try: return tz._tzinfos[(utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname)] except KeyError: # The particular state requested in this timezone no longer exists. # This indicates a corrupt pickle, or the timezone database has been # corrected violently enough to make this particular # (utcoffset,dstoffset) no longer exist in the zone, or the # abbreviation has been changed. pass # See if we can find an entry differing only by tzname. Abbreviations # get changed from the initial guess by the database maintainers to # match reality when this information is discovered. for localized_tz in tz._tzinfos.values(): if (localized_tz._utcoffset == utcoffset and localized_tz._dst == dstoffset): return localized_tz # This (utcoffset, dstoffset) information has been removed from the # zone. Add it back. This might occur when the database maintainers have # corrected incorrect information. datetime instances using this # incorrect information will continue to do so, exactly as they were # before being pickled. This is purely an overly paranoid safety net - I # doubt this will ever been needed in real life. inf = (utcoffset, dstoffset, tzname) tz._tzinfos[inf] = tz.__class__(inf, tz._tzinfos) return tz._tzinfos[inf]
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python ''' $Id: tzfile.py,v 1.8 2004/06/03 00:15:24 zenzen Exp $ ''' from cStringIO import StringIO from datetime import datetime, timedelta from struct import unpack, calcsize from pytz.tzinfo import StaticTzInfo, DstTzInfo, memorized_ttinfo from pytz.tzinfo import memorized_datetime, memorized_timedelta def build_tzinfo(zone, fp): head_fmt = '>4s c 15x 6l' head_size = calcsize(head_fmt) (magic, format, ttisgmtcnt, ttisstdcnt,leapcnt, timecnt, typecnt, charcnt) = unpack(head_fmt, fp.read(head_size)) # Make sure it is a tzfile(5) file assert magic == 'TZif' # Read out the transition times, localtime indices and ttinfo structures. data_fmt = '>%(timecnt)dl %(timecnt)dB %(ttinfo)s %(charcnt)ds' % dict( timecnt=timecnt, ttinfo='lBB'*typecnt, charcnt=charcnt) data_size = calcsize(data_fmt) data = unpack(data_fmt, fp.read(data_size)) # make sure we unpacked the right number of values assert len(data) == 2 * timecnt + 3 * typecnt + 1 transitions = [memorized_datetime(trans) for trans in data[:timecnt]] lindexes = list(data[timecnt:2 * timecnt]) ttinfo_raw = data[2 * timecnt:-1] tznames_raw = data[-1] del data # Process ttinfo into separate structs ttinfo = [] tznames = {} i = 0 while i < len(ttinfo_raw): # have we looked up this timezone name yet? tzname_offset = ttinfo_raw[i+2] if tzname_offset not in tznames: nul = tznames_raw.find('\0', tzname_offset) if nul < 0: nul = len(tznames_raw) tznames[tzname_offset] = tznames_raw[tzname_offset:nul] ttinfo.append((ttinfo_raw[i], bool(ttinfo_raw[i+1]), tznames[tzname_offset])) i += 3 # Now build the timezone object if len(transitions) == 0: ttinfo[0][0], ttinfo[0][2] cls = type(zone, (StaticTzInfo,), dict( zone=zone, _utcoffset=memorized_timedelta(ttinfo[0][0]), _tzname=ttinfo[0][2])) else: # Early dates use the first standard time ttinfo i = 0 while ttinfo[i][1]: i += 1 if ttinfo[i] == ttinfo[lindexes[0]]: transitions[0] = datetime.min else: transitions.insert(0, datetime.min) lindexes.insert(0, i) # calculate transition info transition_info = [] for i in range(len(transitions)): inf = ttinfo[lindexes[i]] utcoffset = inf[0] if not inf[1]: dst = 0 else: for j in range(i-1, -1, -1): prev_inf = ttinfo[lindexes[j]] if not prev_inf[1]: break dst = inf[0] - prev_inf[0] # dst offset if dst <= 0: # Bad dst? Look further. for j in range(i+1, len(transitions)): stdinf = ttinfo[lindexes[j]] if not stdinf[1]: dst = inf[0] - stdinf[0] if dst > 0: break # Found a useful std time. tzname = inf[2] # Round utcoffset and dst to the nearest minute or the # datetime library will complain. Conversions to these timezones # might be up to plus or minus 30 seconds out, but it is # the best we can do. utcoffset = int((utcoffset + 30) / 60) * 60 dst = int((dst + 30) / 60) * 60 transition_info.append(memorized_ttinfo(utcoffset, dst, tzname)) cls = type(zone, (DstTzInfo,), dict( zone=zone, _utc_transition_times=transitions, _transition_info=transition_info)) return cls() if __name__ == '__main__': import os.path from pprint import pprint base = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'zoneinfo') tz = build_tzinfo('Australia/Melbourne', open(os.path.join(base,'Australia','Melbourne'), 'rb')) tz = build_tzinfo('US/Eastern', open(os.path.join(base,'US','Eastern'), 'rb')) pprint(tz._utc_transition_times) #print tz.asPython(4) #print tz.transitions_mapping
Python
# A reaction to: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/552751 from webob import Request, Response from webob import exc from simplejson import loads, dumps import traceback import sys class JsonRpcApp(object): """ Serve the given object via json-rpc (http://json-rpc.org/) """ def __init__(self, obj): self.obj = obj def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) try: resp = self.process(req) except ValueError, e: resp = exc.HTTPBadRequest(str(e)) except exc.HTTPException, e: resp = e return resp(environ, start_response) def process(self, req): if not req.method == 'POST': raise exc.HTTPMethodNotAllowed( "Only POST allowed", allowed='POST') try: json = loads(req.body) except ValueError, e: raise ValueError('Bad JSON: %s' % e) try: method = json['method'] params = json['params'] id = json['id'] except KeyError, e: raise ValueError( "JSON body missing parameter: %s" % e) if method.startswith('_'): raise exc.HTTPForbidden( "Bad method name %s: must not start with _" % method) if not isinstance(params, list): raise ValueError( "Bad params %r: must be a list" % params) try: method = getattr(self.obj, method) except AttributeError: raise ValueError( "No such method %s" % method) try: result = method(*params) except: text = traceback.format_exc() exc_value = sys.exc_info()[1] error_value = dict( name='JSONRPCError', code=100, message=str(exc_value), error=text) return Response( status=500, content_type='application/json', body=dumps(dict(result=None, error=error_value, id=id))) return Response( content_type='application/json', body=dumps(dict(result=result, error=None, id=id))) class ServerProxy(object): """ JSON proxy to a remote service. """ def __init__(self, url, proxy=None): self._url = url if proxy is None: from wsgiproxy.exactproxy import proxy_exact_request proxy = proxy_exact_request self.proxy = proxy def __getattr__(self, name): if name.startswith('_'): raise AttributeError(name) return _Method(self, name) def __repr__(self): return '<%s for %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self._url) class _Method(object): def __init__(self, parent, name): self.parent = parent self.name = name def __call__(self, *args): json = dict(method=self.name, id=None, params=list(args)) req = Request.blank(self.parent._url) req.method = 'POST' req.content_type = 'application/json' req.body = dumps(json) resp = req.get_response(self.parent.proxy) if resp.status_code != 200 and not ( resp.status_code == 500 and resp.content_type == 'application/json'): raise ProxyError( "Error from JSON-RPC client %s: %s" % (self.parent._url, resp.status), resp) json = loads(resp.body) if json.get('error') is not None: e = Fault( json['error'].get('message'), json['error'].get('code'), json['error'].get('error'), resp) raise e return json['result'] class ProxyError(Exception): """ Raised when a request via ServerProxy breaks """ def __init__(self, message, response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.response = response class Fault(Exception): """ Raised when there is a remote error """ def __init__(self, message, code, error, response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.code = code self.error = error self.response = response def __str__(self): return 'Method error calling %s: %s\n%s' % ( self.response.request.url, self.args[0], self.error) class DemoObject(object): """ Something interesting to attach to """ def add(self, *args): return sum(args) def average(self, *args): return sum(args) / float(len(args)) def divide(self, a, b): return a / b def make_app(expr): module, expression = expr.split(':', 1) __import__(module) module = sys.modules[module] obj = eval(expression, module.__dict__) return JsonRpcApp(obj) def main(args=None): import optparse from wsgiref import simple_server parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog [OPTIONS] MODULE:EXPRESSION') parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '-H', '--host', default='127.0.0.1', help='Host to serve on (default localhost; 0.0.0.0 to make public)') options, args = parser.parse_args() if not args or len(args) > 1: print 'You must give a single object reference' parser.print_help() sys.exit(2) app = make_app(args[0]) server = simple_server.make_server(options.host, int(options.port), app) print 'Serving on http://%s:%s' % (options.host, options.port) server.serve_forever() # Try python jsonrpc.py 'jsonrpc:DemoObject()' if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Python
import os import urllib import time import re from cPickle import load, dump from webob import Request, Response, html_escape from webob import exc class Commenter(object): def __init__(self, app, storage_dir): self.app = app self.storage_dir = storage_dir if not os.path.exists(storage_dir): os.makedirs(storage_dir) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) if req.path_info_peek() == '.comments': return self.process_comment(req)(environ, start_response) # This is the base path of *this* middleware: base_url = req.application_url resp = req.get_response(self.app) if resp.content_type != 'text/html' or resp.status_code != 200: # Not an HTML response, we don't want to # do anything to it return resp(environ, start_response) # Make sure the content isn't gzipped: resp.decode_content() comments = self.get_data(req.url) body = resp.body body = self.add_to_end(body, self.format_comments(comments)) body = self.add_to_end(body, self.submit_form(base_url, req)) resp.body = body return resp(environ, start_response) def get_data(self, url): # Double-quoting makes the filename safe filename = self.url_filename(url) if not os.path.exists(filename): return [] else: f = open(filename, 'rb') data = load(f) f.close() return data def save_data(self, url, data): filename = self.url_filename(url) f = open(filename, 'wb') dump(data, f) f.close() def url_filename(self, url): return os.path.join(self.storage_dir, urllib.quote(url, '')) _end_body_re = re.compile(r'</body.*?>', re.I|re.S) def add_to_end(self, html, extra_html): """ Adds extra_html to the end of the html page (before </body>) """ match = self._end_body_re.search(html) if not match: return html + extra_html else: return html[:match.start()] + extra_html + html[match.start():] def format_comments(self, comments): if not comments: return '' text = [] text.append('<hr>') text.append('<h2><a name="comment-area"></a>Comments (%s):</h2>' % len(comments)) for comment in comments: text.append('<h3><a href="%s">%s</a> at %s:</h3>' % ( html_escape(comment['homepage']), html_escape(comment['name']), time.strftime('%c', comment['time']))) # Susceptible to XSS attacks!: text.append(comment['comments']) return ''.join(text) def submit_form(self, base_path, req): return '''<h2>Leave a comment:</h2> <form action="%s/.comments" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="%s"> <table width="100%%"> <tr><td>Name:</td> <td><input type="text" name="name" style="width: 100%%"></td></tr> <tr><td>URL:</td> <td><input type="text" name="homepage" style="width: 100%%"></td></tr> </table> Comments:<br> <textarea name="comments" rows=10 style="width: 100%%"></textarea><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit comment"> </form> ''' % (base_path, html_escape(req.url)) def process_comment(self, req): try: url = req.params['url'] name = req.params['name'] homepage = req.params['homepage'] comments = req.params['comments'] except KeyError, e: resp = exc.HTTPBadRequest('Missing parameter: %s' % e) return resp data = self.get_data(url) data.append(dict( name=name, homepage=homepage, comments=comments, time=time.gmtime())) self.save_data(url, data) resp = exc.HTTPSeeOther(location=url+'#comment-area') return resp if __name__ == '__main__': import optparse parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog --port=PORT BASE_DIRECTORY' ) parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', dest='port', type='int', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '--comment-data', default='./comments', dest='comment_data', help='Place to put comment data into (default ./comments/)') options, args = parser.parse_args() if not args: parser.error('You must give a BASE_DIRECTORY') base_dir = args[0] from paste.urlparser import StaticURLParser app = StaticURLParser(base_dir) app = Commenter(app, options.comment_data) from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server httpd = make_server('localhost', options.port, app) print 'Serving on http://localhost:%s' % options.port try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print '^C'
Python
import os import re from webob import Request, Response from webob import exc from tempita import HTMLTemplate VIEW_TEMPLATE = HTMLTemplate("""\ <html> <head> <title>{{page.title}}</title> </head> <body> <h1>{{page.title}}</h1> {{if message}} <div style="background-color: #99f">{{message}}</div> {{endif}} <div>{{page.content|html}}</div> <hr> <a href="{{req.url}}?action=edit">Edit</a> </body> </html> """) EDIT_TEMPLATE = HTMLTemplate("""\ <html> <head> <title>Edit: {{page.title}}</title> </head> <body> {{if page.exists}} <h1>Edit: {{page.title}}</h1> {{else}} <h1>Create: {{page.title}}</h1> {{endif}} <form action="{{req.path_url}}" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="mtime" value="{{page.mtime}}"> Title: <input type="text" name="title" style="width: 70%" value="{{page.title}}"><br> Content: <input type="submit" value="Save"> <a href="{{req.path_url}}">Cancel</a> <br> <textarea name="content" style="width: 100%; height: 75%" rows="40">{{page.content}}</textarea> <br> <input type="submit" value="Save"> <a href="{{req.path_url}}">Cancel</a> </form> </body></html> """) class WikiApp(object): view_template = VIEW_TEMPLATE edit_template = EDIT_TEMPLATE def __init__(self, storage_dir): self.storage_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(storage_dir)) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) action = req.params.get('action', 'view') page = self.get_page(req.path_info) try: try: meth = getattr(self, 'action_%s_%s' % (action, req.method)) except AttributeError: raise exc.HTTPBadRequest('No such action %r' % action) resp = meth(req, page) except exc.HTTPException, e: resp = e return resp(environ, start_response) def get_page(self, path): path = path.lstrip('/') if not path: path = 'index' path = os.path.join(self.storage_dir, path) path = os.path.normpath(path) if path.endswith('/'): path += 'index' if not path.startswith(self.storage_dir): raise exc.HTTPBadRequest("Bad path") path += '.html' return Page(path) def action_view_GET(self, req, page): if not page.exists: return exc.HTTPTemporaryRedirect( location=req.url + '?action=edit') if req.cookies.get('message'): message = req.cookies['message'] else: message = None text = self.view_template.substitute( page=page, req=req, message=message) resp = Response(text) if message: resp.delete_cookie('message') else: resp.last_modified = page.mtime resp.conditional_response = True return resp def action_view_POST(self, req, page): submit_mtime = int(req.params.get('mtime') or '0') or None if page.mtime != submit_mtime: return exc.HTTPPreconditionFailed( "The page has been updated since you started editing it") page.set( title=req.params['title'], content=req.params['content']) resp = exc.HTTPSeeOther( location=req.path_url) resp.set_cookie('message', 'Page updated') return resp def action_edit_GET(self, req, page): text = self.edit_template.substitute( page=page, req=req) return Response(text) class Page(object): def __init__(self, filename): self.filename = filename @property def exists(self): return os.path.exists(self.filename) @property def title(self): if not self.exists: # we need to guess the title basename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.filename))[0] basename = re.sub(r'[_-]', ' ', basename) return basename.capitalize() content = self.full_content match = re.search(r'<title>(.*?)</title>', content, re.I|re.S) return match.group(1) @property def full_content(self): f = open(self.filename, 'rb') try: return f.read() finally: f.close() @property def content(self): if not self.exists: return '' content = self.full_content match = re.search(r'<body[^>]*>(.*?)</body>', content, re.I|re.S) return match.group(1) @property def mtime(self): if not self.exists: return None else: return os.stat(self.filename).st_mtime def set(self, title, content): dir = os.path.dirname(self.filename) if not os.path.exists(dir): os.makedirs(dir) new_content = """<html><head><title>%s</title></head><body>%s</body></html>""" % ( title, content) f = open(self.filename, 'wb') f.write(new_content) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': import optparse parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog --port=PORT' ) parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', dest='port', type='int', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '--wiki-data', default='./wiki', dest='wiki_data', help='Place to put wiki data into (default ./wiki/)') options, args = parser.parse_args() print 'Writing wiki pages to %s' % options.wiki_data app = WikiApp(options.wiki_data) from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server httpd = make_server('localhost', options.port, app) print 'Serving on http://localhost:%s' % options.port try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print '^C'
Python
import unittest import doctest def test_suite(): flags = doctest.ELLIPSIS|doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE return unittest.TestSuite(( doctest.DocFileSuite('test_request.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('test_response.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('test_dec.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('do-it-yourself.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('file-example.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('index.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('reference.txt', optionflags=flags), )) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(defaultTest='test_suite')
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from webob import __version__ extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc'] source_suffix = '.txt' # The suffix of source filenames. master_doc = 'index' # The master toctree document. project = 'WebOb' copyright = '2011, Ian Bicking and contributors' version = release = __version__ exclude_patterns = ['jsonrpc-example-code/*'] modindex_common_prefix = ['webob.'] # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. #add_function_parentheses = True # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description # unit titles (such as .. function::). #add_module_names = True # html_favicon = ... html_add_permalinks = False #html_show_sourcelink = True # ?set to False? # Content template for the index page. #html_index = '' # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names. #html_sidebars = {} # Output file base name for HTML help builder. htmlhelp_basename = 'WebObdoc'
Python
from setuptools import setup version = '1.2.2' testing_extras = ['nose'] docs_extras = ['Sphinx'] setup( name='WebOb', version=version, description="WSGI request and response object", long_description="""\ WebOb provides wrappers around the WSGI request environment, and an object to help create WSGI responses. The objects map much of the specified behavior of HTTP, including header parsing and accessors for other standard parts of the environment. You may install the `in-development version of WebOb <https://github.com/Pylons/webob/zipball/master#egg=WebOb-dev>`_ with ``pip install WebOb==dev`` (or ``easy_install WebOb==dev``). * `WebOb reference <http://docs.webob.org/en/latest/reference.html>`_ * `Bug tracker <https://github.com/Pylons/webob/issues>`_ * `Browse source code <https://github.com/Pylons/webob>`_ * `Mailing list <http://bit.ly/paste-users>`_ * `Release news <http://docs.webob.org/en/latest/news.html>`_ * `Detailed changelog <https://github.com/Pylons/webob/commits/master>`_ """, classifiers=[ "Development Status :: 6 - Mature", "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Middleware", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2", ], keywords='wsgi request web http', author='Ian Bicking', author_email='ianb@colorstudy.com', maintainer='Sergey Schetinin', maintainer_email='sergey@maluke.com', url='http://webob.org/', license='MIT', packages=['webob'], zip_safe=True, test_suite='nose.collector', tests_require=['nose'], extras_require = { 'testing':testing_extras, 'docs':docs_extras, }, )
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python from webob.response import Response def make_middleware(app): from repoze.profile.profiler import AccumulatingProfileMiddleware return AccumulatingProfileMiddleware( app, log_filename='/tmp/profile.log', discard_first_request=True, flush_at_shutdown=True, path='/__profile__') def simple_app(environ, start_response): resp = Response('Hello world!') return resp(environ, start_response) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys import os import signal if sys.argv[1:]: arg = sys.argv[1] else: arg = None if arg in ['open', 'run']: import subprocess import webbrowser import time os.environ['SHOW_OUTPUT'] = '0' proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, __file__]) time.sleep(1) subprocess.call(['ab', '-n', '1000', 'http://localhost:8080/']) if arg == 'open': webbrowser.open('http://localhost:8080/__profile__') print('Hit ^C to end') try: while 1: raw_input() finally: os.kill(proc.pid, signal.SIGKILL) else: from paste.httpserver import serve if os.environ.get('SHOW_OUTPUT') != '0': print('Note you can also use:)') print(' %s %s open' % (sys.executable, __file__)) print('to run ab and open a browser (or "run" to just run ab)') print('Now do:') print('ab -n 1000 http://localhost:8080/') print('wget -O - http://localhost:8080/__profile__') serve(make_middleware(simple_app))
Python
#
Python
import os, sys sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) import pkg_resources pkg_resources.require('WebOb')
Python
""" Parses a variety of ``Accept-*`` headers. These headers generally take the form of:: value1; q=0.5, value2; q=0 Where the ``q`` parameter is optional. In theory other parameters exists, but this ignores them. """ import re from webob.headers import _trans_name as header_to_key from webob.util import ( header_docstring, warn_deprecation, ) part_re = re.compile( r',\s*([^\s;,\n]+)(?:[^,]*?;\s*q=([0-9.]*))?') def _warn_first_match(): # TODO: remove .first_match in version 1.3 warn_deprecation("Use best_match instead", '1.2', 3) class Accept(object): """ Represents a generic ``Accept-*`` style header. This object should not be modified. To add items you can use ``accept_obj + 'accept_thing'`` to get a new object """ def __init__(self, header_value): self.header_value = header_value self._parsed = list(self.parse(header_value)) self._parsed_nonzero = [(m,q) for (m,q) in self._parsed if q] @staticmethod def parse(value): """ Parse ``Accept-*`` style header. Return iterator of ``(value, quality)`` pairs. ``quality`` defaults to 1. """ for match in part_re.finditer(','+value): name = match.group(1) if name == 'q': continue quality = match.group(2) or '' if quality: try: quality = max(min(float(quality), 1), 0) yield (name, quality) continue except ValueError: pass yield (name, 1) def __repr__(self): return '<%s(%r)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, str(self)) def __iter__(self): for m,q in sorted( self._parsed_nonzero, key=lambda i: i[1], reverse=True ): yield m def __str__(self): result = [] for mask, quality in self._parsed: if quality != 1: mask = '%s;q=%0.*f' % ( mask, min(len(str(quality).split('.')[1]), 3), quality) result.append(mask) return ', '.join(result) def __add__(self, other, reversed=False): if isinstance(other, Accept): other = other.header_value if hasattr(other, 'items'): other = sorted(other.items(), key=lambda item: -item[1]) if isinstance(other, (list, tuple)): result = [] for item in other: if isinstance(item, (list, tuple)): name, quality = item result.append('%s; q=%s' % (name, quality)) else: result.append(item) other = ', '.join(result) other = str(other) my_value = self.header_value if reversed: other, my_value = my_value, other if not other: new_value = my_value elif not my_value: new_value = other else: new_value = my_value + ', ' + other return self.__class__(new_value) def __radd__(self, other): return self.__add__(other, True) def __contains__(self, offer): """ Returns true if the given object is listed in the accepted types. """ for mask, quality in self._parsed_nonzero: if self._match(mask, offer): return True def quality(self, offer, modifier=1): """ Return the quality of the given offer. Returns None if there is no match (not 0). """ bestq = 0 for mask, q in self._parsed: if self._match(mask, offer): bestq = max(bestq, q * modifier) return bestq or None def first_match(self, offers): """ DEPRECATED Returns the first allowed offered type. Ignores quality. Returns the first offered type if nothing else matches; or if you include None at the end of the match list then that will be returned. """ _warn_first_match() def best_match(self, offers, default_match=None): """ Returns the best match in the sequence of offered types. The sequence can be a simple sequence, or you can have ``(match, server_quality)`` items in the sequence. If you have these tuples then the client quality is multiplied by the server_quality to get a total. If two matches have equal weight, then the one that shows up first in the `offers` list will be returned. But among matches with the same quality the match to a more specific requested type will be chosen. For example a match to text/* trumps */*. default_match (default None) is returned if there is no intersection. """ best_quality = -1 best_offer = default_match matched_by = '*/*' for offer in offers: if isinstance(offer, (tuple, list)): offer, server_quality = offer else: server_quality = 1 for mask, quality in self._parsed_nonzero: possible_quality = server_quality * quality if possible_quality < best_quality: continue elif possible_quality == best_quality: # 'text/plain' overrides 'message/*' overrides '*/*' # (if all match w/ the same q=) if matched_by.count('*') <= mask.count('*'): continue if self._match(mask, offer): best_quality = possible_quality best_offer = offer matched_by = mask return best_offer def _match(self, mask, offer): _check_offer(offer) return mask == '*' or offer.lower() == mask.lower() class NilAccept(object): MasterClass = Accept def __repr__(self): return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.MasterClass) def __str__(self): return '' def __nonzero__(self): return False __bool__ = __nonzero__ # python 3 def __iter__(self): return iter(()) def __add__(self, item): if isinstance(item, self.MasterClass): return item else: return self.MasterClass('') + item def __radd__(self, item): if isinstance(item, self.MasterClass): return item else: return item + self.MasterClass('') def __contains__(self, item): _check_offer(item) return True def quality(self, offer, default_quality=1): return 0 def first_match(self, offers): # pragma: no cover _warn_first_match() def best_match(self, offers, default_match=None): best_quality = -1 best_offer = default_match for offer in offers: _check_offer(offer) if isinstance(offer, (list, tuple)): offer, quality = offer else: quality = 1 if quality > best_quality: best_offer = offer best_quality = quality return best_offer class NoAccept(NilAccept): def __contains__(self, item): return False class AcceptCharset(Accept): @staticmethod def parse(value): latin1_found = False for m, q in Accept.parse(value): _m = m.lower() if _m == '*' or _m == 'iso-8859-1': latin1_found = True yield _m, q if not latin1_found: yield ('iso-8859-1', 1) class AcceptLanguage(Accept): def _match(self, mask, item): item = item.replace('_', '-').lower() mask = mask.lower() return (mask == '*' or item == mask or item.split('-')[0] == mask or item == mask.split('-')[0] ) class MIMEAccept(Accept): """ Represents the ``Accept`` header, which is a list of mimetypes. This class knows about mime wildcards, like ``image/*`` """ @staticmethod def parse(value): for mask, q in Accept.parse(value): try: mask_major, mask_minor = map(lambda x: x.lower(), mask.split('/')) except ValueError: continue if mask_major == '*' and mask_minor != '*': continue yield ("%s/%s" % (mask_major, mask_minor), q) def accept_html(self): """ Returns true if any HTML-like type is accepted """ return ('text/html' in self or 'application/xhtml+xml' in self or 'application/xml' in self or 'text/xml' in self) accepts_html = property(accept_html) # note the plural def _match(self, mask, offer): """ Check if the offer is covered by the mask """ _check_offer(offer) if '*' not in mask: return offer.lower() == mask.lower() elif mask == '*/*': return True else: assert mask.endswith('/*') mask_major = mask[:-2].lower() offer_major = offer.split('/', 1)[0].lower() return offer_major == mask_major class MIMENilAccept(NilAccept): MasterClass = MIMEAccept def _check_offer(offer): if '*' in offer: raise ValueError("The application should offer specific types, got %r" % offer) def accept_property(header, rfc_section, AcceptClass=Accept, NilClass=NilAccept ): key = header_to_key(header) doc = header_docstring(header, rfc_section) #doc += " Converts it as a %s." % convert_name def fget(req): value = req.environ.get(key) if not value: return NilClass() return AcceptClass(value) def fset(req, val): if val: if isinstance(val, (list, tuple, dict)): val = AcceptClass('') + val val = str(val) req.environ[key] = val or None def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc)
Python
from collections import MutableMapping from webob.compat import ( iteritems_, string_types, ) from webob.multidict import MultiDict __all__ = ['ResponseHeaders', 'EnvironHeaders'] class ResponseHeaders(MultiDict): """ Dictionary view on the response headerlist. Keys are normalized for case and whitespace. """ def __getitem__(self, key): key = key.lower() for k, v in reversed(self._items): if k.lower() == key: return v raise KeyError(key) def getall(self, key): key = key.lower() result = [] for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == key: result.append(v) return result def mixed(self): r = self.dict_of_lists() for key, val in iteritems_(r): if len(val) == 1: r[key] = val[0] return r def dict_of_lists(self): r = {} for key, val in iteritems_(self): r.setdefault(key.lower(), []).append(val) return r def __setitem__(self, key, value): norm_key = key.lower() items = self._items for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == norm_key: del items[i] self._items.append((key, value)) def __delitem__(self, key): key = key.lower() items = self._items found = False for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == key: del items[i] found = True if not found: raise KeyError(key) def __contains__(self, key): key = key.lower() for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == key: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def setdefault(self, key, default=None): c_key = key.lower() for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == c_key: return v self._items.append((key, default)) return default def pop(self, key, *args): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError("pop expected at most 2 arguments, got %s" % repr(1 + len(args))) key = key.lower() for i in range(len(self._items)): if self._items[i][0].lower() == key: v = self._items[i][1] del self._items[i] return v if args: return args[0] else: raise KeyError(key) key2header = { 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content-Type', 'CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content-Length', 'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content_Type', 'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content_Length', } header2key = dict([(v.upper(),k) for (k,v) in key2header.items()]) def _trans_key(key): if not isinstance(key, string_types): return None elif key in key2header: return key2header[key] elif key.startswith('HTTP_'): return key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() else: return None def _trans_name(name): name = name.upper() if name in header2key: return header2key[name] return 'HTTP_'+name.replace('-', '_') class EnvironHeaders(MutableMapping): """An object that represents the headers as present in a WSGI environment. This object is a wrapper (with no internal state) for a WSGI request object, representing the CGI-style HTTP_* keys as a dictionary. Because a CGI environment can only hold one value for each key, this dictionary is single-valued (unlike outgoing headers). """ def __init__(self, environ): self.environ = environ def __getitem__(self, hname): return self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] def __setitem__(self, hname, value): self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] = value def __delitem__(self, hname): del self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] def keys(self): return filter(None, map(_trans_key, self.environ)) def __contains__(self, hname): return _trans_name(hname) in self.environ def __len__(self): return len(list(self.keys())) def __iter__(self): for k in self.keys(): yield k
Python
import calendar from datetime import ( date, datetime, timedelta, tzinfo, ) from email.utils import ( formatdate, mktime_tz, parsedate_tz, ) import time from webob.compat import ( integer_types, long, native_, text_type, ) __all__ = [ 'UTC', 'timedelta_to_seconds', 'year', 'month', 'week', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'parse_date', 'serialize_date', 'parse_date_delta', 'serialize_date_delta', ] _now = datetime.now # hook point for unit tests class _UTC(tzinfo): def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(0) def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(0) def tzname(self, dt): return 'UTC' def __repr__(self): return 'UTC' UTC = _UTC() def timedelta_to_seconds(td): """ Converts a timedelta instance to seconds. """ return td.seconds + (td.days*24*60*60) day = timedelta(days=1) week = timedelta(weeks=1) hour = timedelta(hours=1) minute = timedelta(minutes=1) second = timedelta(seconds=1) # Estimate, I know; good enough for expirations month = timedelta(days=30) year = timedelta(days=365) def parse_date(value): if not value: return None try: value = native_(value) except: return None t = parsedate_tz(value) if t is None: # Could not parse return None if t[-1] is None: # No timezone given. None would mean local time, but we'll force UTC t = t[:9] + (0,) t = mktime_tz(t) return datetime.fromtimestamp(t, UTC) def serialize_date(dt): if isinstance(dt, (bytes, text_type)): return native_(dt) if isinstance(dt, timedelta): dt = _now() + dt if isinstance(dt, (datetime, date)): dt = dt.timetuple() if isinstance(dt, (tuple, time.struct_time)): dt = calendar.timegm(dt) if not (isinstance(dt, float) or isinstance(dt, integer_types)): raise ValueError( "You must pass in a datetime, date, time tuple, or integer object, " "not %r" % dt) return formatdate(dt, usegmt=True) def parse_date_delta(value): """ like parse_date, but also handle delta seconds """ if not value: return None try: value = int(value) except ValueError: return parse_date(value) else: return _now() + timedelta(seconds=value) def serialize_date_delta(value): if isinstance(value, (float, int, long)): return str(int(value)) else: return serialize_date(value)
Python
import collections from datetime import ( date, datetime, timedelta, ) import re import string import time from webob.compat import ( PY3, text_type, bytes_, text_, native_, string_types, ) __all__ = ['Cookie'] _marker = object() class RequestCookies(collections.MutableMapping): _cache_key = 'webob._parsed_cookies' def __init__(self, environ): self._environ = environ @property def _cache(self): env = self._environ header = env.get('HTTP_COOKIE', '') cache, cache_header = env.get(self._cache_key, ({}, None)) if cache_header == header: return cache d = lambda b: b.decode('utf8') cache = dict((d(k), d(v)) for k,v in parse_cookie(header)) env[self._cache_key] = (cache, header) return cache def _mutate_header(self, name, value): header = self._environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE') had_header = header is not None header = header or '' if PY3: # pragma: no cover header = header.encode('latin-1') bytes_name = bytes_(name, 'ascii') if value is None: replacement = None else: bytes_val = _quote(bytes_(value, 'utf-8')) replacement = bytes_name + b'=' + bytes_val matches = _rx_cookie.finditer(header) found = False for match in matches: start, end = match.span() match_name = match.group(1) if match_name == bytes_name: found = True if replacement is None: # remove value header = header[:start].rstrip(b' ;') + header[end:] else: # replace value header = header[:start] + replacement + header[end:] break else: if replacement is not None: if header: header += b'; ' + replacement else: header = replacement if header: self._environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] = native_(header, 'latin-1') elif had_header: self._environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] = '' return found def _valid_cookie_name(self, name): if not isinstance(name, string_types): raise TypeError(name, 'cookie name must be a string') if not isinstance(name, text_type): name = text_(name, 'utf-8') try: bytes_cookie_name = bytes_(name, 'ascii') except UnicodeEncodeError: raise TypeError('cookie name must be encodable to ascii') if not _valid_cookie_name(bytes_cookie_name): raise TypeError('cookie name must be valid according to RFC 2109') return name def __setitem__(self, name, value): name = self._valid_cookie_name(name) if not isinstance(value, string_types): raise ValueError(value, 'cookie value must be a string') if not isinstance(value, text_type): try: value = text_(value, 'utf-8') except UnicodeDecodeError: raise ValueError( value, 'cookie value must be utf-8 binary or unicode') self._mutate_header(name, value) def __getitem__(self, name): return self._cache[name] def get(self, name, default=None): return self._cache.get(name, default) def __delitem__(self, name): name = self._valid_cookie_name(name) found = self._mutate_header(name, None) if not found: raise KeyError(name) def keys(self): return self._cache.keys() def values(self): return self._cache.values() def items(self): return self._cache.items() if not PY3: def iterkeys(self): return self._cache.iterkeys() def itervalues(self): return self._cache.itervalues() def iteritems(self): return self._cache.iteritems() def __contains__(self, name): return name in self._cache def __iter__(self): return self._cache.__iter__() def __len__(self): return len(self._cache) def clear(self): self._environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] = '' def __repr__(self): return '<RequestCookies (dict-like) with values %r>' % (self._cache,) class Cookie(dict): def __init__(self, input=None): if input: self.load(input) def load(self, data): morsel = {} for key, val in _parse_cookie(data): if key.lower() in _c_keys: morsel[key] = val else: morsel = self.add(key, val) def add(self, key, val): if not isinstance(key, bytes): key = key.encode('ascii', 'replace') if not _valid_cookie_name(key): return {} r = Morsel(key, val) dict.__setitem__(self, key, r) return r __setitem__ = add def serialize(self, full=True): return '; '.join(m.serialize(full) for m in self.values()) def values(self): return [m for _, m in sorted(self.items())] __str__ = serialize def __repr__(self): return '<%s: [%s]>' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(map(repr, self.values()))) def _parse_cookie(data): if PY3: # pragma: no cover data = data.encode('latin-1') for key, val in _rx_cookie.findall(data): yield key, _unquote(val) def parse_cookie(data): """ Parse cookies ignoring anything except names and values """ return ((k,v) for k,v in _parse_cookie(data) if _valid_cookie_name(k)) def cookie_property(key, serialize=lambda v: v): def fset(self, v): self[key] = serialize(v) return property(lambda self: self[key], fset) def serialize_max_age(v): if isinstance(v, timedelta): v = str(v.seconds + v.days*24*60*60) elif isinstance(v, int): v = str(v) return bytes_(v) def serialize_cookie_date(v): if v is None: return None elif isinstance(v, bytes): return v elif isinstance(v, text_type): return v.encode('ascii') elif isinstance(v, int): v = timedelta(seconds=v) if isinstance(v, timedelta): v = datetime.utcnow() + v if isinstance(v, (datetime, date)): v = v.timetuple() r = time.strftime('%%s, %d-%%s-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT', v) return bytes_(r % (weekdays[v[6]], months[v[1]]), 'ascii') class Morsel(dict): __slots__ = ('name', 'value') def __init__(self, name, value): assert _valid_cookie_name(name) assert isinstance(value, bytes) self.name = name self.value = value self.update(dict.fromkeys(_c_keys, None)) path = cookie_property(b'path') domain = cookie_property(b'domain') comment = cookie_property(b'comment') expires = cookie_property(b'expires', serialize_cookie_date) max_age = cookie_property(b'max-age', serialize_max_age) httponly = cookie_property(b'httponly', bool) secure = cookie_property(b'secure', bool) def __setitem__(self, k, v): k = bytes_(k.lower(), 'ascii') if k in _c_keys: dict.__setitem__(self, k, v) def serialize(self, full=True): result = [] add = result.append add(self.name + b'=' + _quote(self.value)) if full: for k in _c_valkeys: v = self[k] if v: add(_c_renames[k]+b'='+_quote(v)) expires = self[b'expires'] if expires: add(b'expires=' + expires) if self.secure: add(b'secure') if self.httponly: add(b'HttpOnly') return native_(b'; '.join(result), 'ascii') __str__ = serialize def __repr__(self): return '<%s: %s=%r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, native_(self.name), native_(self.value) ) _c_renames = { b"path" : b"Path", b"comment" : b"Comment", b"domain" : b"Domain", b"max-age" : b"Max-Age", } _c_valkeys = sorted(_c_renames) _c_keys = set(_c_renames) _c_keys.update([b'expires', b'secure', b'httponly']) # # parsing # _re_quoted = r'"(?:\\"|.)*?"' # any doublequoted string _legal_special_chars = "~!@#$%^&*()_+=-`.?|:/(){}<>'" _re_legal_char = r"[\w\d%s]" % re.escape(_legal_special_chars) _re_expires_val = r"\w{3},\s[\w\d-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT" _re_cookie_str_key = r"(%s+?)" % _re_legal_char _re_cookie_str_equal = r"\s*=\s*" _re_unquoted_val = r"(?:%s|\\(?:[0-3][0-7][0-7]|.))*" % _re_legal_char _re_cookie_str_val = r"(%s|%s|%s)" % (_re_quoted, _re_expires_val, _re_unquoted_val) _re_cookie_str = _re_cookie_str_key + _re_cookie_str_equal + _re_cookie_str_val _rx_cookie = re.compile(bytes_(_re_cookie_str, 'ascii')) _rx_unquote = re.compile(bytes_(r'\\([0-3][0-7][0-7]|.)', 'ascii')) _bchr = (lambda i: bytes([i])) if PY3 else chr _ch_unquote_map = dict((bytes_('%03o' % i), _bchr(i)) for i in range(256) ) _ch_unquote_map.update((v, v) for v in list(_ch_unquote_map.values())) _b_dollar_sign = 36 if PY3 else '$' _b_quote_mark = 34 if PY3 else '"' def _unquote(v): #assert isinstance(v, bytes) if v and v[0] == v[-1] == _b_quote_mark: v = v[1:-1] return _rx_unquote.sub(_ch_unquote, v) def _ch_unquote(m): return _ch_unquote_map[m.group(1)] # # serializing # # these chars can be in cookie value w/o causing it to be quoted _no_escape_special_chars = "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~/" _no_escape_chars = (string.ascii_letters + string.digits + _no_escape_special_chars) _no_escape_bytes = bytes_(_no_escape_chars) # these chars never need to be quoted _escape_noop_chars = _no_escape_chars + ': ' # this is a map used to escape the values _escape_map = dict((chr(i), '\\%03o' % i) for i in range(256)) _escape_map.update(zip(_escape_noop_chars, _escape_noop_chars)) _escape_map['"'] = r'\"' _escape_map['\\'] = r'\\' if PY3: # pragma: no cover # convert to {int -> bytes} _escape_map = dict((ord(k), bytes_(v, 'ascii')) for k, v in _escape_map.items()) _escape_char = _escape_map.__getitem__ weekdays = ('Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun') months = (None, 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec') _notrans_binary = b' '*256 def _needs_quoting(v): return v.translate(_notrans_binary, _no_escape_bytes) def _quote(v): #assert isinstance(v, bytes) if _needs_quoting(v): return b'"' + b''.join(map(_escape_char, v)) + b'"' return v def _valid_cookie_name(key): return isinstance(key, bytes) and not ( _needs_quoting(key) or key[0] == _b_dollar_sign or key.lower() in _c_keys )
Python
import mimetypes import os from webob import exc from webob.dec import wsgify from webob.response import Response __all__ = [ 'FileApp', 'DirectoryApp', ] mimetypes._winreg = None # do not load mimetypes from windows registry mimetypes.add_type('text/javascript', '.js') # stdlib default is application/x-javascript mimetypes.add_type('image/x-icon', '.ico') # not among defaults BLOCK_SIZE = 1<<16 class FileApp(object): """An application that will send the file at the given filename. Adds a mime type based on `mimetypes.guess_type()`. """ def __init__(self, filename, **kw): self.filename = filename content_type, content_encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) kw.setdefault('content_type', content_type) kw.setdefault('content_encoding', content_encoding) kw.setdefault('accept_ranges', 'bytes') self.kw = kw # Used for testing purpose self._open = open @wsgify def __call__(self, req): if req.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD'): return exc.HTTPMethodNotAllowed("You cannot %s a file" % req.method) try: stat = os.stat(self.filename) except (IOError, OSError) as e: msg = "Can't open %r: %s" % (self.filename, e) return exc.HTTPNotFound(comment=msg) try: file = self._open(self.filename, 'rb') except (IOError, OSError) as e: msg = "You are not permitted to view this file (%s)" % e return exc.HTTPForbidden(msg) if 'wsgi.file_wrapper' in req.environ: app_iter = req.environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](file, BLOCK_SIZE) else: app_iter = FileIter(file) return Response( app_iter = app_iter, content_length = stat.st_size, last_modified = stat.st_mtime, #@@ etag **self.kw ).conditional_response_app class FileIter(object): def __init__(self, file): self.file = file def app_iter_range(self, seek=None, limit=None, block_size=None): """Iter over the content of the file. You can set the `seek` parameter to read the file starting from a specific position. You can set the `limit` parameter to read the file up to specific position. Finally, you can change the number of bytes read at once by setting the `block_size` parameter. """ if block_size is None: block_size = BLOCK_SIZE if seek: self.file.seek(seek) if limit is not None: limit -= seek try: while True: data = self.file.read(min(block_size, limit) if limit is not None else block_size) if not data: return yield data if limit is not None: limit -= len(data) if limit <= 0: return finally: self.file.close() __iter__ = app_iter_range class DirectoryApp(object): """An application that serves up the files in a given directory. This will serve index files (by default ``index.html``), or set ``index_page=None`` to disable this. If you set ``hide_index_with_redirect=True`` (it defaults to False) then requests to, e.g., ``/index.html`` will be redirected to ``/``. To customize `FileApp` instances creation (which is what actually serves the responses), override the `make_fileapp` method. """ def __init__(self, path, index_page='index.html', hide_index_with_redirect=False, **kw): self.path = os.path.abspath(path) if not self.path.endswith(os.path.sep): self.path += os.path.sep if not os.path.isdir(self.path): raise IOError( "Path does not exist or is not directory: %r" % self.path) self.index_page = index_page self.hide_index_with_redirect = hide_index_with_redirect self.fileapp_kw = kw def make_fileapp(self, path): return FileApp(path, **self.fileapp_kw) @wsgify def __call__(self, req): path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.path, req.path_info.lstrip('/'))) if os.path.isdir(path) and self.index_page: return self.index(req, path) if (self.index_page and self.hide_index_with_redirect and path.endswith(os.path.sep + self.index_page)): new_url = req.path_url.rsplit('/', 1)[0] new_url += '/' if req.query_string: new_url += '?' + req.query_string return Response( status=301, location=new_url) if not os.path.isfile(path): return exc.HTTPNotFound(comment=path) elif not path.startswith(self.path): return exc.HTTPForbidden() else: return self.make_fileapp(path) def index(self, req, path): index_path = os.path.join(path, self.index_page) if not os.path.isfile(index_path): return exc.HTTPNotFound(comment=index_path) if not req.path_info.endswith('/'): url = req.path_url + '/' if req.query_string: url += '?' + req.query_string return Response( status=301, location=url) return self.make_fileapp(index_path)
Python
import binascii import cgi import io import os import re import sys import tempfile import mimetypes try: import simplejson as json except ImportError: import json import warnings from webob.acceptparse import ( AcceptLanguage, AcceptCharset, MIMEAccept, MIMENilAccept, NoAccept, accept_property, ) from webob.cachecontrol import ( CacheControl, serialize_cache_control, ) from webob.compat import ( PY3, bytes_, integer_types, native_, parse_qsl_text, reraise, text_type, url_encode, url_quote, url_unquote, quote_plus, urlparse, ) from webob.cookies import RequestCookies from webob.descriptors import ( CHARSET_RE, SCHEME_RE, converter, converter_date, environ_getter, environ_decoder, parse_auth, parse_int, parse_int_safe, parse_range, serialize_auth, serialize_if_range, serialize_int, serialize_range, upath_property, deprecated_property, ) from webob.etag import ( IfRange, AnyETag, NoETag, etag_property, ) from webob.headers import EnvironHeaders from webob.multidict import ( NestedMultiDict, MultiDict, NoVars, GetDict, ) from webob.util import warn_deprecation __all__ = ['BaseRequest', 'Request', 'LegacyRequest'] class _NoDefault: def __repr__(self): return '(No Default)' NoDefault = _NoDefault() PATH_SAFE = '/:@&+$,' http_method_probably_has_body = dict.fromkeys( ('GET', 'HEAD', 'DELETE', 'TRACE'), False) http_method_probably_has_body.update( dict.fromkeys(('POST', 'PUT'), True)) _LATIN_ENCODINGS = ( 'ascii', 'latin-1', 'latin', 'latin_1', 'l1', 'latin1', 'iso-8859-1', 'iso8859_1', 'iso_8859_1', 'iso8859', '8859', ) class BaseRequest(object): ## The limit after which request bodies should be stored on disk ## if they are read in (under this, and the request body is stored ## in memory): request_body_tempfile_limit = 10*1024 _charset = None def __init__(self, environ, charset=None, unicode_errors=None, decode_param_names=None, **kw): if type(environ) is not dict: raise TypeError( "WSGI environ must be a dict; you passed %r" % (environ,)) if unicode_errors is not None: warnings.warn( "You unicode_errors=%r to the Request constructor. Passing a " "``unicode_errors`` value to the Request is no longer " "supported in WebOb 1.2+. This value has been ignored " % ( unicode_errors,), DeprecationWarning ) if decode_param_names is not None: warnings.warn( "You passed decode_param_names=%r to the Request constructor. " "Passing a ``decode_param_names`` value to the Request " "is no longer supported in WebOb 1.2+. This value has " "been ignored " % (decode_param_names,), DeprecationWarning ) if not _is_utf8(charset): raise DeprecationWarning( "You passed charset=%r to the Request constructor. As of " "WebOb 1.2, if your application needs a non-UTF-8 request " "charset, please construct the request without a charset or " "with a charset of 'None', then use ``req = " "req.decode(charset)``" % charset ) d = self.__dict__ d['environ'] = environ if kw: cls = self.__class__ if 'method' in kw: # set method first, because .body setters # depend on it for checks self.method = kw.pop('method') for name, value in kw.items(): if not hasattr(cls, name): raise TypeError( "Unexpected keyword: %s=%r" % (name, value)) setattr(self, name, value) if PY3: # pragma: no cover def encget(self, key, default=NoDefault, encattr=None): val = self.environ.get(key, default) if val is NoDefault: raise KeyError(key) if val is default: return default if not encattr: return val encoding = getattr(self, encattr) if encoding in _LATIN_ENCODINGS: # shortcut return val return bytes_(val, 'latin-1').decode(encoding) else: def encget(self, key, default=NoDefault, encattr=None): val = self.environ.get(key, default) if val is NoDefault: raise KeyError(key) if val is default: return default if encattr is None: return val encoding = getattr(self, encattr) return val.decode(encoding) def encset(self, key, val, encattr=None): if encattr: encoding = getattr(self, encattr) else: encoding = 'ascii' if PY3: # pragma: no cover self.environ[key] = bytes_(val, encoding).decode('latin-1') else: self.environ[key] = bytes_(val, encoding) @property def charset(self): if self._charset is None: charset = detect_charset(self._content_type_raw) if _is_utf8(charset): charset = 'UTF-8' self._charset = charset return self._charset @charset.setter def charset(self, charset): if _is_utf8(charset): charset = 'UTF-8' if charset != self.charset: raise DeprecationWarning("Use req = req.decode(%r)" % charset) def decode(self, charset=None, errors='strict'): charset = charset or self.charset if charset == 'UTF-8': return self # cookies and path are always utf-8 t = Transcoder(charset, errors) new_content_type = CHARSET_RE.sub('; charset="UTF-8"', self._content_type_raw) content_type = self.content_type r = self.__class__( self.environ.copy(), query_string=t.transcode_query(self.query_string), content_type=new_content_type, ) if content_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded': r.body = bytes_(t.transcode_query(native_(r.body))) return r elif content_type != 'multipart/form-data': return r fs_environ = self.environ.copy() fs_environ.setdefault('CONTENT_LENGTH', '0') fs_environ['QUERY_STRING'] = '' if PY3: # pragma: no cover fs = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=self.body_file, environ=fs_environ, keep_blank_values=True, encoding=charset, errors=errors) else: fs = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=self.body_file, environ=fs_environ, keep_blank_values=True) fout = t.transcode_fs(fs, r._content_type_raw) # this order is important, because setting body_file # resets content_length r.body_file = fout r.content_length = fout.tell() fout.seek(0) return r # this is necessary for correct warnings depth for both # BaseRequest and Request (due to AdhocAttrMixin.__setattr__) _setattr_stacklevel = 2 def _body_file__get(self): """ Input stream of the request (wsgi.input). Setting this property resets the content_length and seekable flag (unlike setting req.body_file_raw). """ if not self.is_body_readable: return io.BytesIO() r = self.body_file_raw clen = self.content_length if not self.is_body_seekable and clen is not None: # we need to wrap input in LimitedLengthFile # but we have to cache the instance as well # otherwise this would stop working # (.remaining counter would reset between calls): # req.body_file.read(100) # req.body_file.read(100) env = self.environ wrapped, raw = env.get('webob._body_file', (0,0)) if raw is not r: wrapped = LimitedLengthFile(r, clen) wrapped = io.BufferedReader(wrapped) env['webob._body_file'] = wrapped, r r = wrapped return r def _body_file__set(self, value): if isinstance(value, bytes): warn_deprecation( "Please use req.body = b'bytes' or req.body_file = fileobj", '1.2', self._setattr_stacklevel ) self.content_length = None self.body_file_raw = value self.is_body_seekable = False self.is_body_readable = True def _body_file__del(self): self.body = b'' body_file = property(_body_file__get, _body_file__set, _body_file__del, doc=_body_file__get.__doc__) body_file_raw = environ_getter('wsgi.input') @property def body_file_seekable(self): """ Get the body of the request (wsgi.input) as a seekable file-like object. Middleware and routing applications should use this attribute over .body_file. If you access this value, CONTENT_LENGTH will also be updated. """ if not self.is_body_seekable: self.make_body_seekable() return self.body_file_raw url_encoding = environ_getter('webob.url_encoding', 'UTF-8') scheme = environ_getter('wsgi.url_scheme') method = environ_getter('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET') http_version = environ_getter('SERVER_PROTOCOL') content_length = converter( environ_getter('CONTENT_LENGTH', None, '14.13'), parse_int_safe, serialize_int, 'int') remote_user = environ_getter('REMOTE_USER', None) remote_addr = environ_getter('REMOTE_ADDR', None) query_string = environ_getter('QUERY_STRING', '') server_name = environ_getter('SERVER_NAME') server_port = converter( environ_getter('SERVER_PORT'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') script_name = environ_decoder('SCRIPT_NAME', '', encattr='url_encoding') path_info = environ_decoder('PATH_INFO', encattr='url_encoding') # bw compat uscript_name = script_name upath_info = path_info _content_type_raw = environ_getter('CONTENT_TYPE', '') def _content_type__get(self): """Return the content type, but leaving off any parameters (like charset, but also things like the type in ``application/atom+xml; type=entry``) If you set this property, you can include parameters, or if you don't include any parameters in the value then existing parameters will be preserved. """ return self._content_type_raw.split(';', 1)[0] def _content_type__set(self, value=None): if value is not None: value = str(value) if ';' not in value: content_type = self._content_type_raw if ';' in content_type: value += ';' + content_type.split(';', 1)[1] self._content_type_raw = value content_type = property(_content_type__get, _content_type__set, _content_type__set, _content_type__get.__doc__) _headers = None def _headers__get(self): """ All the request headers as a case-insensitive dictionary-like object. """ if self._headers is None: self._headers = EnvironHeaders(self.environ) return self._headers def _headers__set(self, value): self.headers.clear() self.headers.update(value) headers = property(_headers__get, _headers__set, doc=_headers__get.__doc__) @property def client_addr(self): """ The effective client IP address as a string. If the ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`` header exists in the WSGI environ, this attribute returns the client IP address present in that header (e.g. if the header value is ``192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2``, the value will be ``192.168.1.1``). If no ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`` header is present in the environ at all, this attribute will return the value of the ``REMOTE_ADDR`` header. If the ``REMOTE_ADDR`` header is unset, this attribute will return the value ``None``. .. warning:: It is possible for user agents to put someone else's IP or just any string in ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`` as it is a normal HTTP header. Forward proxies can also provide incorrect values (private IP addresses etc). You cannot "blindly" trust the result of this method to provide you with valid data unless you're certain that ``HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR`` has the correct values. The WSGI server must be behind a trusted proxy for this to be true. """ e = self.environ xff = e.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') if xff is not None: addr = xff.split(',')[0].strip() else: addr = e.get('REMOTE_ADDR') return addr @property def host_port(self): """ The effective server port number as a string. If the ``HTTP_HOST`` header exists in the WSGI environ, this attribute returns the port number present in that header. If the ``HTTP_HOST`` header exists but contains no explicit port number: if the WSGI url scheme is "https" , this attribute returns "443", if the WSGI url scheme is "http", this attribute returns "80" . If no ``HTTP_HOST`` header is present in the environ at all, this attribute will return the value of the ``SERVER_PORT`` header (which is guaranteed to be present). """ e = self.environ host = e.get('HTTP_HOST') if host is not None: if ':' in host: host, port = host.split(':', 1) else: url_scheme = e['wsgi.url_scheme'] if url_scheme == 'https': port = '443' else: port = '80' else: port = e['SERVER_PORT'] return port @property def host_url(self): """ The URL through the host (no path) """ e = self.environ scheme = e.get('wsgi.url_scheme') url = scheme + '://' host = e.get('HTTP_HOST') if host is not None: if ':' in host: host, port = host.split(':', 1) else: port = None else: host = e.get('SERVER_NAME') port = e.get('SERVER_PORT') if scheme == 'https': if port == '443': port = None elif scheme == 'http': if port == '80': port = None url += host if port: url += ':%s' % port return url @property def application_url(self): """ The URL including SCRIPT_NAME (no PATH_INFO or query string) """ bscript_name = bytes_(self.script_name, self.url_encoding) return self.host_url + url_quote(bscript_name, PATH_SAFE) @property def path_url(self): """ The URL including SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO, but not QUERY_STRING """ bpath_info = bytes_(self.path_info, self.url_encoding) return self.application_url + url_quote(bpath_info, PATH_SAFE) @property def path(self): """ The path of the request, without host or query string """ bscript = bytes_(self.script_name, self.url_encoding) bpath = bytes_(self.path_info, self.url_encoding) return url_quote(bscript, PATH_SAFE) + url_quote(bpath, PATH_SAFE) @property def path_qs(self): """ The path of the request, without host but with query string """ path = self.path qs = self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING') if qs: path += '?' + qs return path @property def url(self): """ The full request URL, including QUERY_STRING """ url = self.path_url qs = self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING') if qs: url += '?' + qs return url def relative_url(self, other_url, to_application=False): """ Resolve other_url relative to the request URL. If ``to_application`` is True, then resolve it relative to the URL with only SCRIPT_NAME """ if to_application: url = self.application_url if not url.endswith('/'): url += '/' else: url = self.path_url return urlparse.urljoin(url, other_url) def path_info_pop(self, pattern=None): """ 'Pops' off the next segment of PATH_INFO, pushing it onto SCRIPT_NAME, and returning the popped segment. Returns None if there is nothing left on PATH_INFO. Does not return ``''`` when there's an empty segment (like ``/path//path``); these segments are just ignored. Optional ``pattern`` argument is a regexp to match the return value before returning. If there is no match, no changes are made to the request and None is returned. """ path = self.path_info if not path: return None slashes = '' while path.startswith('/'): slashes += '/' path = path[1:] idx = path.find('/') if idx == -1: idx = len(path) r = path[:idx] if pattern is None or re.match(pattern, r): self.script_name += slashes + r self.path_info = path[idx:] return r def path_info_peek(self): """ Returns the next segment on PATH_INFO, or None if there is no next segment. Doesn't modify the environment. """ path = self.path_info if not path: return None path = path.lstrip('/') return path.split('/', 1)[0] def _urlvars__get(self): """ Return any *named* variables matched in the URL. Takes values from ``environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']``. Systems like ``routes`` set this value. """ if 'paste.urlvars' in self.environ: return self.environ['paste.urlvars'] elif 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: return self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1] else: result = {} self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ((), result) return result def _urlvars__set(self, value): environ = self.environ if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in environ: environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0], value) if 'paste.urlvars' in environ: del environ['paste.urlvars'] elif 'paste.urlvars' in environ: environ['paste.urlvars'] = value else: environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ((), value) def _urlvars__del(self): if 'paste.urlvars' in self.environ: del self.environ['paste.urlvars'] if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: if not self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0]: del self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] else: self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0], {}) urlvars = property(_urlvars__get, _urlvars__set, _urlvars__del, doc=_urlvars__get.__doc__) def _urlargs__get(self): """ Return any *positional* variables matched in the URL. Takes values from ``environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']``. Systems like ``routes`` set this value. """ if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: return self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0] else: # Since you can't update this value in-place, we don't need # to set the key in the environment return () def _urlargs__set(self, value): environ = self.environ if 'paste.urlvars' in environ: # Some overlap between this and wsgiorg.routing_args; we need # wsgiorg.routing_args to make this work routing_args = (value, environ.pop('paste.urlvars')) elif 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in environ: routing_args = (value, environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]) else: routing_args = (value, {}) environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = routing_args def _urlargs__del(self): if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: if not self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]: del self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] else: self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( (), self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]) urlargs = property(_urlargs__get, _urlargs__set, _urlargs__del, _urlargs__get.__doc__) @property def is_xhr(self): """Is X-Requested-With header present and equal to ``XMLHttpRequest``? Note: this isn't set by every XMLHttpRequest request, it is only set if you are using a Javascript library that sets it (or you set the header yourself manually). Currently Prototype and jQuery are known to set this header.""" return self.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH', '') == 'XMLHttpRequest' def _host__get(self): """Host name provided in HTTP_HOST, with fall-back to SERVER_NAME""" if 'HTTP_HOST' in self.environ: return self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] else: return '%(SERVER_NAME)s:%(SERVER_PORT)s' % self.environ def _host__set(self, value): self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] = value def _host__del(self): if 'HTTP_HOST' in self.environ: del self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] host = property(_host__get, _host__set, _host__del, doc=_host__get.__doc__) def _body__get(self): """ Return the content of the request body. """ if not self.is_body_readable: return b'' self.make_body_seekable() # we need this to have content_length r = self.body_file.read(self.content_length) self.body_file_raw.seek(0) return r def _body__set(self, value): if value is None: value = b'' if not isinstance(value, bytes): raise TypeError("You can only set Request.body to bytes (not %r)" % type(value)) if not http_method_probably_has_body.get(self.method, True): if not value: self.content_length = None self.body_file_raw = io.BytesIO() return self.content_length = len(value) self.body_file_raw = io.BytesIO(value) self.is_body_seekable = True def _body__del(self): self.body = b'' body = property(_body__get, _body__set, _body__del, doc=_body__get.__doc__) def _json_body__get(self): """Access the body of the request as JSON""" return json.loads(self.body.decode(self.charset)) def _json_body__set(self, value): self.body = json.dumps(value, separators=(',', ':')).encode(self.charset) def _json_body__del(self): del self.body json = json_body = property(_json_body__get, _json_body__set, _json_body__del) def _text__get(self): """ Get/set the text value of the body """ if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Request.text unless charset is set") body = self.body return body.decode(self.charset) def _text__set(self, value): if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Response.text unless charset is set") if not isinstance(value, text_type): raise TypeError( "You can only set Request.text to a unicode string " "(not %s)" % type(value)) self.body = value.encode(self.charset) def _text__del(self): del self.body text = property(_text__get, _text__set, _text__del, doc=_text__get.__doc__) @property def POST(self): """ Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from a form request. Returns an empty dict-like object for non-form requests. Form requests are typically POST requests, however PUT requests with an appropriate Content-Type are also supported. """ env = self.environ if self.method not in ('POST', 'PUT'): return NoVars('Not a form request') if 'webob._parsed_post_vars' in env: vars, body_file = env['webob._parsed_post_vars'] if body_file is self.body_file_raw: return vars content_type = self.content_type if ((self.method == 'PUT' and not content_type) or content_type not in ('', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'multipart/form-data') ): # Not an HTML form submission return NoVars('Not an HTML form submission (Content-Type: %s)' % content_type) self._check_charset() if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file_raw.seek(0) fs_environ = env.copy() # FieldStorage assumes a missing CONTENT_LENGTH, but a # default of 0 is better: fs_environ.setdefault('CONTENT_LENGTH', '0') fs_environ['QUERY_STRING'] = '' if PY3: # pragma: no cover fs = cgi.FieldStorage( fp=self.body_file, environ=fs_environ, keep_blank_values=True, encoding='utf8') vars = MultiDict.from_fieldstorage(fs) else: fs = cgi.FieldStorage( fp=self.body_file, environ=fs_environ, keep_blank_values=True) vars = MultiDict.from_fieldstorage(fs) #ctype = self.content_type or 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ctype = self._content_type_raw or 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' f = FakeCGIBody(vars, ctype) self.body_file = io.BufferedReader(f) env['webob._parsed_post_vars'] = (vars, self.body_file_raw) return vars @property def GET(self): """ Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from the QUERY_STRING. """ env = self.environ source = env.get('QUERY_STRING', '') if 'webob._parsed_query_vars' in env: vars, qs = env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] if qs == source: return vars data = [] if source: # this is disabled because we want to access req.GET # for text/plain; charset=ascii uploads for example #self._check_charset() data = parse_qsl_text(source) #d = lambda b: b.decode('utf8') #data = [(d(k), d(v)) for k,v in data] vars = GetDict(data, env) env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] = (vars, source) return vars def _check_charset(self): if self.charset != 'UTF-8': raise DeprecationWarning( "Requests are expected to be submitted in UTF-8, not %s. " "You can fix this by doing req = req.decode('%s')" % ( self.charset, self.charset) ) @property def params(self): """ A dictionary-like object containing both the parameters from the query string and request body. """ params = NestedMultiDict(self.GET, self.POST) return params @property def cookies(self): """ Return a dictionary of cookies as found in the request. """ return RequestCookies(self.environ) @cookies.setter def cookies(self, val): self.environ.pop('HTTP_COOKIE', None) r = RequestCookies(self.environ) r.update(val) def copy(self): """ Copy the request and environment object. This only does a shallow copy, except of wsgi.input """ self.make_body_seekable() env = self.environ.copy() new_req = self.__class__(env) new_req.copy_body() return new_req def copy_get(self): """ Copies the request and environment object, but turning this request into a GET along the way. If this was a POST request (or any other verb) then it becomes GET, and the request body is thrown away. """ env = self.environ.copy() return self.__class__(env, method='GET', content_type=None, body=b'') # webob.is_body_seekable marks input streams that are seekable # this way we can have seekable input without testing the .seek() method is_body_seekable = environ_getter('webob.is_body_seekable', False) #is_body_readable = environ_getter('webob.is_body_readable', False) def _is_body_readable__get(self): """ webob.is_body_readable is a flag that tells us that we can read the input stream even though CONTENT_LENGTH is missing. This allows FakeCGIBody to work and can be used by servers to support chunked encoding in requests. For background see https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/issue/6 """ if http_method_probably_has_body.get(self.method): # known HTTP method with body return True elif self.content_length is not None: # unknown HTTP method, but the Content-Length # header is present return True else: # last resort -- rely on the special flag return self.environ.get('webob.is_body_readable', False) def _is_body_readable__set(self, flag): self.environ['webob.is_body_readable'] = bool(flag) is_body_readable = property(_is_body_readable__get, _is_body_readable__set, doc=_is_body_readable__get.__doc__ ) def make_body_seekable(self): """ This forces ``environ['wsgi.input']`` to be seekable. That means that, the content is copied into a BytesIO or temporary file and flagged as seekable, so that it will not be unnecessarily copied again. After calling this method the .body_file is always seeked to the start of file and .content_length is not None. The choice to copy to BytesIO is made from ``self.request_body_tempfile_limit`` """ if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file_raw.seek(0) else: self.copy_body() def copy_body(self): """ Copies the body, in cases where it might be shared with another request object and that is not desired. This copies the body in-place, either into a BytesIO object or a temporary file. """ if not self.is_body_readable: # there's no body to copy self.body = b'' elif self.content_length is None: # chunked body or FakeCGIBody self.body = self.body_file_raw.read() self._copy_body_tempfile() else: # try to read body into tempfile did_copy = self._copy_body_tempfile() if not did_copy: # it wasn't necessary, so just read it into memory self.body = self.body_file.read(self.content_length) def _copy_body_tempfile(self): """ Copy wsgi.input to tempfile if necessary. Returns True if it did. """ tempfile_limit = self.request_body_tempfile_limit todo = self.content_length assert isinstance(todo, integer_types), todo if not tempfile_limit or todo <= tempfile_limit: return False fileobj = self.make_tempfile() input = self.body_file while todo > 0: data = input.read(min(todo, 65536)) if not data: # Normally this should not happen, because LimitedLengthFile # should have raised an exception by now. # It can happen if the is_body_seekable flag is incorrect. raise DisconnectionError( "Client disconnected (%s more bytes were expected)" % todo ) fileobj.write(data) todo -= len(data) fileobj.seek(0) self.body_file_raw = fileobj self.is_body_seekable = True return True def make_tempfile(self): """ Create a tempfile to store big request body. This API is not stable yet. A 'size' argument might be added. """ return tempfile.TemporaryFile() def remove_conditional_headers(self, remove_encoding=True, remove_range=True, remove_match=True, remove_modified=True): """ Remove headers that make the request conditional. These headers can cause the response to be 304 Not Modified, which in some cases you may not want to be possible. This does not remove headers like If-Match, which are used for conflict detection. """ check_keys = [] if remove_range: check_keys += ['HTTP_IF_RANGE', 'HTTP_RANGE'] if remove_match: check_keys.append('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH') if remove_modified: check_keys.append('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE') if remove_encoding: check_keys.append('HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING') for key in check_keys: if key in self.environ: del self.environ[key] accept = accept_property('Accept', '14.1', MIMEAccept, MIMENilAccept) accept_charset = accept_property('Accept-Charset', '14.2', AcceptCharset) accept_encoding = accept_property('Accept-Encoding', '14.3', NilClass=NoAccept) accept_language = accept_property('Accept-Language', '14.4', AcceptLanguage) authorization = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', None, '14.8'), parse_auth, serialize_auth, ) def _cache_control__get(self): """ Get/set/modify the Cache-Control header (`HTTP spec section 14.9 <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9>`_) """ env = self.environ value = env.get('HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL', '') cache_header, cache_obj = env.get('webob._cache_control', (None, None)) if cache_obj is not None and cache_header == value: return cache_obj cache_obj = CacheControl.parse(value, updates_to=self._update_cache_control, type='request') env['webob._cache_control'] = (value, cache_obj) return cache_obj def _cache_control__set(self, value): env = self.environ value = value or '' if isinstance(value, dict): value = CacheControl(value, type='request') if isinstance(value, CacheControl): str_value = str(value) env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = str_value env['webob._cache_control'] = (str_value, value) else: env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = str(value) env['webob._cache_control'] = (None, None) def _cache_control__del(self): env = self.environ if 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL' in env: del env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] if 'webob._cache_control' in env: del env['webob._cache_control'] def _update_cache_control(self, prop_dict): self.environ['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = serialize_cache_control(prop_dict) cache_control = property(_cache_control__get, _cache_control__set, _cache_control__del, doc=_cache_control__get.__doc__) if_match = etag_property('HTTP_IF_MATCH', AnyETag, '14.24') if_none_match = etag_property('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH', NoETag, '14.26', strong=False) date = converter_date(environ_getter('HTTP_DATE', None, '14.8')) if_modified_since = converter_date( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE', None, '14.25')) if_unmodified_since = converter_date( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE', None, '14.28')) if_range = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_RANGE', None, '14.27'), IfRange.parse, serialize_if_range, 'IfRange object') max_forwards = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_MAX_FORWARDS', None, '14.31'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') pragma = environ_getter('HTTP_PRAGMA', None, '14.32') range = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_RANGE', None, '14.35'), parse_range, serialize_range, 'Range object') referer = environ_getter('HTTP_REFERER', None, '14.36') referrer = referer user_agent = environ_getter('HTTP_USER_AGENT', None, '14.43') def __repr__(self): try: name = '%s %s' % (self.method, self.url) except KeyError: name = '(invalid WSGI environ)' msg = '<%s at 0x%x %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), name) return msg def as_bytes(self, skip_body=False): """ Return HTTP bytes representing this request. If skip_body is True, exclude the body. If skip_body is an integer larger than one, skip body only if its length is bigger than that number. """ url = self.url host = self.host_url assert url.startswith(host) url = url[len(host):] parts = [bytes_('%s %s %s' % (self.method, url, self.http_version))] #self.headers.setdefault('Host', self.host) # acquire body before we handle headers so that # content-length will be set body = None if self.method in ('PUT', 'POST'): if skip_body > 1: if len(self.body) > skip_body: body = bytes_('<body skipped (len=%s)>' % len(self.body)) else: skip_body = False if not skip_body: body = self.body for k, v in sorted(self.headers.items()): header = bytes_('%s: %s' % (k, v)) parts.append(header) if body: parts.extend([b'', body]) # HTTP clearly specifies CRLF return b'\r\n'.join(parts) def as_string(self, skip_body=False): warn_deprecation( "Please use req.as_bytes", '1.3', self._setattr_stacklevel ) return self.as_bytes(skip_body=skip_body) def as_text(self): bytes = self.as_bytes() return bytes.decode(self.charset) __str__ = as_text @classmethod def from_bytes(cls, b): """ Create a request from HTTP bytes data. If the bytes contain extra data after the request, raise a ValueError. """ f = io.BytesIO(b) r = cls.from_file(f) if f.tell() != len(b): raise ValueError("The string contains more data than expected") return r @classmethod def from_string(cls, b): warn_deprecation( "Please use req.from_bytes", '1.3', cls._setattr_stacklevel ) return cls.from_bytes(b) @classmethod def from_text(cls, s): b = bytes_(s, 'utf-8') return cls.from_bytes(b) @classmethod def from_file(cls, fp): """Read a request from a file-like object (it must implement ``.read(size)`` and ``.readline()``). It will read up to the end of the request, not the end of the file (unless the request is a POST or PUT and has no Content-Length, in that case, the entire file is read). This reads the request as represented by ``str(req)``; it may not read every valid HTTP request properly. """ start_line = fp.readline() is_text = isinstance(start_line, text_type) if is_text: crlf = '\r\n' colon = ':' else: crlf = b'\r\n' colon = b':' try: header = start_line.rstrip(crlf) method, resource, http_version = header.split(None, 2) method = native_(method, 'utf-8') resource = native_(resource, 'utf-8') http_version = native_(http_version, 'utf-8') except ValueError: raise ValueError('Bad HTTP request line: %r' % start_line) r = cls(environ_from_url(resource), http_version=http_version, method=method.upper() ) del r.environ['HTTP_HOST'] while 1: line = fp.readline() if not line.strip(): # end of headers break hname, hval = line.split(colon, 1) hname = native_(hname, 'utf-8') hval = native_(hval, 'utf-8').strip() if hname in r.headers: hval = r.headers[hname] + ', ' + hval r.headers[hname] = hval if r.method in ('PUT', 'POST'): clen = r.content_length if clen is None: body = fp.read() else: body = fp.read(clen) if is_text: body = bytes_(body, 'utf-8') r.body = body return r def call_application(self, application, catch_exc_info=False): """ Call the given WSGI application, returning ``(status_string, headerlist, app_iter)`` Be sure to call ``app_iter.close()`` if it's there. If catch_exc_info is true, then returns ``(status_string, headerlist, app_iter, exc_info)``, where the fourth item may be None, but won't be if there was an exception. If you don't do this and there was an exception, the exception will be raised directly. """ if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file_raw.seek(0) captured = [] output = [] def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): if exc_info is not None and not catch_exc_info: reraise(exc_info) captured[:] = [status, headers, exc_info] return output.append app_iter = application(self.environ, start_response) if output or not captured: try: output.extend(app_iter) finally: if hasattr(app_iter, 'close'): app_iter.close() app_iter = output if catch_exc_info: return (captured[0], captured[1], app_iter, captured[2]) else: return (captured[0], captured[1], app_iter) # Will be filled in later: ResponseClass = None def send(self, application=None, catch_exc_info=False): """ Like ``.call_application(application)``, except returns a response object with ``.status``, ``.headers``, and ``.body`` attributes. This will use ``self.ResponseClass`` to figure out the class of the response object to return. If ``application`` is not given, this will send the request to ``self.make_default_send_app()`` """ if application is None: application = self.make_default_send_app() if catch_exc_info: status, headers, app_iter, exc_info = self.call_application( application, catch_exc_info=True) del exc_info else: status, headers, app_iter = self.call_application( application, catch_exc_info=False) return self.ResponseClass( status=status, headerlist=list(headers), app_iter=app_iter) get_response = send def make_default_send_app(self): global _client try: client = _client except NameError: from webob import client _client = client return client.send_request_app @classmethod def blank(cls, path, environ=None, base_url=None, headers=None, POST=None, **kw): """ Create a blank request environ (and Request wrapper) with the given path (path should be urlencoded), and any keys from environ. The path will become path_info, with any query string split off and used. All necessary keys will be added to the environ, but the values you pass in will take precedence. If you pass in base_url then wsgi.url_scheme, HTTP_HOST, and SCRIPT_NAME will be filled in from that value. Any extra keyword will be passed to ``__init__``. """ env = environ_from_url(path) if base_url: scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlparse.urlsplit(base_url) if query or fragment: raise ValueError( "base_url (%r) cannot have a query or fragment" % base_url) if scheme: env['wsgi.url_scheme'] = scheme if netloc: if ':' not in netloc: if scheme == 'http': netloc += ':80' elif scheme == 'https': netloc += ':443' else: raise ValueError( "Unknown scheme: %r" % scheme) host, port = netloc.split(':', 1) env['SERVER_PORT'] = port env['SERVER_NAME'] = host env['HTTP_HOST'] = netloc if path: env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = url_unquote(path) if environ: env.update(environ) content_type = kw.get('content_type', env.get('CONTENT_TYPE')) if headers and 'Content-Type' in headers: content_type = headers['Content-Type'] if content_type is not None: kw['content_type'] = content_type environ_add_POST(env, POST, content_type=content_type) obj = cls(env, **kw) if headers is not None: obj.headers.update(headers) return obj class LegacyRequest(BaseRequest): uscript_name = upath_property('SCRIPT_NAME') upath_info = upath_property('PATH_INFO') def encget(self, key, default=NoDefault, encattr=None): val = self.environ.get(key, default) if val is NoDefault: raise KeyError(key) if val is default: return default return val class AdhocAttrMixin(object): _setattr_stacklevel = 3 def __setattr__(self, attr, value, DEFAULT=object()): if (getattr(self.__class__, attr, DEFAULT) is not DEFAULT or attr.startswith('_')): object.__setattr__(self, attr, value) else: self.environ.setdefault('webob.adhoc_attrs', {})[attr] = value def __getattr__(self, attr, DEFAULT=object()): try: return self.environ['webob.adhoc_attrs'][attr] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(attr) def __delattr__(self, attr, DEFAULT=object()): if getattr(self.__class__, attr, DEFAULT) is not DEFAULT: return object.__delattr__(self, attr) try: del self.environ['webob.adhoc_attrs'][attr] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(attr) class Request(AdhocAttrMixin, BaseRequest): """ The default request implementation """ def environ_from_url(path): if SCHEME_RE.search(path): scheme, netloc, path, qs, fragment = urlparse.urlsplit(path) if fragment: raise TypeError("Path cannot contain a fragment (%r)" % fragment) if qs: path += '?' + qs if ':' not in netloc: if scheme == 'http': netloc += ':80' elif scheme == 'https': netloc += ':443' else: raise TypeError("Unknown scheme: %r" % scheme) else: scheme = 'http' netloc = 'localhost:80' if path and '?' in path: path_info, query_string = path.split('?', 1) path_info = url_unquote(path_info) else: path_info = url_unquote(path) query_string = '' env = { 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'PATH_INFO': path_info or '', 'QUERY_STRING': query_string, 'SERVER_NAME': netloc.split(':')[0], 'SERVER_PORT': netloc.split(':')[1], 'HTTP_HOST': netloc, 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0', 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.url_scheme': scheme, 'wsgi.input': io.BytesIO(), 'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr, 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, #'webob.is_body_seekable': True, } return env def environ_add_POST(env, data, content_type=None): if data is None: return elif isinstance(data, text_type): # pragma: no cover data = data.encode('ascii') if env['REQUEST_METHOD'] not in ('POST', 'PUT'): env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST' has_files = False if hasattr(data, 'items'): data = sorted(data.items()) for k, v in data: if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)): has_files = True break if content_type is None: if has_files: content_type = 'multipart/form-data' else: content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' if content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data'): if not isinstance(data, bytes): content_type, data = _encode_multipart(data, content_type) elif content_type.startswith('application/x-www-form-urlencoded'): if has_files: raise ValueError('Submiting files is not allowed for' ' content type `%s`' % content_type) if not isinstance(data, bytes): data = url_encode(data) else: if not isinstance(data, bytes): raise ValueError('Please provide `POST` data as string' ' for content type `%s`' % content_type) data = bytes_(data, 'utf8') env['wsgi.input'] = io.BytesIO(data) env['webob.is_body_seekable'] = True env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(data)) env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = content_type ######################### ## Helper classes and monkeypatching ######################### class DisconnectionError(IOError): pass class LimitedLengthFile(io.RawIOBase): def __init__(self, file, maxlen): self.file = file self.maxlen = maxlen self.remaining = maxlen def __repr__(self): return '<%s(%r, maxlen=%s)>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.file, self.maxlen ) def fileno(self): return self.file.fileno() @staticmethod def readable(): return True def readinto(self, buff): if not self.remaining: return 0 sz0 = min(len(buff), self.remaining) data = self.file.read(sz0) sz = len(data) self.remaining -= sz #if not data: if sz < sz0 and self.remaining: raise DisconnectionError( "The client disconnected while sending the POST/PUT body " + "(%d more bytes were expected)" % self.remaining ) buff[:sz] = data return sz def _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch(self): """ monkey patch for FieldStorage.__repr__ Unbelievably, the default __repr__ on FieldStorage reads the entire file content instead of being sane about it. This is a simple replacement that doesn't do that """ if self.file: return "FieldStorage(%r, %r)" % (self.name, self.filename) return "FieldStorage(%r, %r, %r)" % (self.name, self.filename, self.value) cgi.FieldStorage.__repr__ = _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch class FakeCGIBody(io.RawIOBase): def __init__(self, vars, content_type): if content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data'): if not _get_multipart_boundary(content_type): raise ValueError('Content-type: %r does not contain boundary' % content_type) self.vars = vars self.content_type = content_type self.file = None def __repr__(self): inner = repr(self.vars) if len(inner) > 20: inner = inner[:15] + '...' + inner[-5:] return '<%s at 0x%x viewing %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), inner) def fileno(self): return None @staticmethod def readable(): return True def readinto(self, buff): if self.file is None: if self.content_type.startswith( 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'): data = '&'.join( '%s=%s' % (quote_plus(bytes_(k, 'utf8')), quote_plus(bytes_(v, 'utf8'))) for k,v in self.vars.items() ) self.file = io.BytesIO(bytes_(data)) elif self.content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data'): self.file = _encode_multipart( self.vars.items(), self.content_type, fout=io.BytesIO() )[1] self.file.seek(0) else: assert 0, ('Bad content type: %r' % self.content_type) return self.file.readinto(buff) def _get_multipart_boundary(ctype): m = re.search(r'boundary=([^ ]+)', ctype, re.I) if m: return native_(m.group(1).strip('"')) def _encode_multipart(vars, content_type, fout=None): """Encode a multipart request body into a string""" f = fout or io.BytesIO() w = f.write wt = lambda t: f.write(t.encode('utf8')) CRLF = b'\r\n' boundary = _get_multipart_boundary(content_type) if not boundary: boundary = native_(binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(10))) content_type += ('; boundary=%s' % boundary) for name, value in vars: w(b'--') wt(boundary) w(CRLF) assert name is not None, 'Value associated with no name: %r' % value wt('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % name) filename = None if getattr(value, 'filename', None): filename = value.filename elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): filename, value = value if hasattr(value, 'read'): value = value.read() if filename is not None: wt('; filename="%s"' % filename) mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] else: mime_type = None w(CRLF) # TODO: should handle value.disposition_options if getattr(value, 'type', None): wt('Content-type: %s' % value.type) if value.type_options: for ct_name, ct_value in sorted(value.type_options.items()): wt('; %s="%s"' % (ct_name, ct_value)) w(CRLF) elif mime_type: wt('Content-type: %s' % mime_type) w(CRLF) w(CRLF) if hasattr(value, 'value'): value = value.value if isinstance(value, bytes): w(value) else: wt(value) w(CRLF) wt('--%s--' % boundary) if fout: return content_type, fout else: return content_type, f.getvalue() def detect_charset(ctype): m = CHARSET_RE.search(ctype) if m: return m.group(1).strip('"').strip() def _is_utf8(charset): if not charset: return True else: return charset.lower().replace('-', '') == 'utf8' class Transcoder(object): def __init__(self, charset, errors='strict'): self.charset = charset # source charset self.errors = errors # unicode errors self._trans = lambda b: b.decode(charset, errors).encode('utf8') def transcode_query(self, q): if PY3: # pragma: no cover q_orig = q if '=' not in q: # this doesn't look like a form submission return q_orig q = list(parse_qsl_text(q, self.charset)) return url_encode(q) else: q_orig = q if '=' not in q: # this doesn't look like a form submission return q_orig q = urlparse.parse_qsl(q, self.charset) t = self._trans q = [(t(k), t(v)) for k,v in q] return url_encode(q) def transcode_fs(self, fs, content_type): # transcode FieldStorage if PY3: # pragma: no cover decode = lambda b: b else: decode = lambda b: b.decode(self.charset, self.errors) data = [] for field in fs.list or (): field.name = decode(field.name) if field.filename: field.filename = decode(field.filename) data.append((field.name, field)) else: data.append((field.name, decode(field.value))) # TODO: transcode big requests to temp file content_type, fout = _encode_multipart( data, content_type, fout=io.BytesIO() ) return fout # TODO: remove in 1.4 for _name in 'GET POST params cookies'.split(): _str_name = 'str_'+_name _prop = deprecated_property( None, _str_name, "disabled starting WebOb 1.2, use %s instead" % _name, '1.2') setattr(BaseRequest, _str_name, _prop)
Python
from datetime import ( date, datetime, ) import re from webob.byterange import ( ContentRange, Range, ) from webob.compat import ( PY3, text_type, ) from webob.datetime_utils import ( parse_date, serialize_date, ) from webob.util import ( header_docstring, warn_deprecation, ) CHARSET_RE = re.compile(r';\s*charset=([^;]*)', re.I) SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z]+:', re.I) _not_given = object() def environ_getter(key, default=_not_given, rfc_section=None): if rfc_section: doc = header_docstring(key, rfc_section) else: doc = "Gets and sets the ``%s`` key in the environment." % key if default is _not_given: def fget(req): return req.environ[key] def fset(req, val): req.environ[key] = val fdel = None else: def fget(req): return req.environ.get(key, default) def fset(req, val): if val is None: if key in req.environ: del req.environ[key] else: req.environ[key] = val def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc=doc) def environ_decoder(key, default=_not_given, rfc_section=None, encattr=None): if rfc_section: doc = header_docstring(key, rfc_section) else: doc = "Gets and sets the ``%s`` key in the environment." % key if default is _not_given: def fget(req): return req.encget(key, encattr=encattr) def fset(req, val): return req.encset(key, val, encattr=encattr) fdel = None else: def fget(req): return req.encget(key, default, encattr=encattr) def fset(req, val): if val is None: if key in req.environ: del req.environ[key] else: return req.encset(key, val, encattr=encattr) def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc=doc) def upath_property(key): if PY3: # pragma: no cover def fget(req): encoding = req.url_encoding return req.environ.get(key, '').encode('latin-1').decode(encoding) def fset(req, val): encoding = req.url_encoding req.environ[key] = val.encode(encoding).decode('latin-1') else: def fget(req): encoding = req.url_encoding return req.environ.get(key, '').decode(encoding) def fset(req, val): encoding = req.url_encoding if isinstance(val, text_type): val = val.encode(encoding) req.environ[key] = val return property(fget, fset, doc='upath_property(%r)' % key) def deprecated_property(attr, name, text, version): # pragma: no cover """ Wraps a descriptor, with a deprecation warning or error """ def warn(): warn_deprecation('The attribute %s is deprecated: %s' % (attr, text), version, 3 ) def fget(self): warn() return attr.__get__(self, type(self)) def fset(self, val): warn() attr.__set__(self, val) def fdel(self): warn() attr.__delete__(self) return property(fget, fset, fdel, '<Deprecated attribute %s>' % attr ) def header_getter(header, rfc_section): doc = header_docstring(header, rfc_section) key = header.lower() def fget(r): for k, v in r._headerlist: if k.lower() == key: return v def fset(r, value): fdel(r) if value is not None: if isinstance(value, text_type) and not PY3: value = value.encode('latin-1') r._headerlist.append((header, value)) def fdel(r): items = r._headerlist for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == key: del items[i] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc) def converter(prop, parse, serialize, convert_name=None): assert isinstance(prop, property) convert_name = convert_name or "``%s`` and ``%s``" % (parse.__name__, serialize.__name__) doc = prop.__doc__ or '' doc += " Converts it using %s." % convert_name hget, hset = prop.fget, prop.fset def fget(r): return parse(hget(r)) def fset(r, val): if val is not None: val = serialize(val) hset(r, val) return property(fget, fset, prop.fdel, doc) def list_header(header, rfc_section): prop = header_getter(header, rfc_section) return converter(prop, parse_list, serialize_list, 'list') def parse_list(value): if not value: return None return tuple(filter(None, [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')])) def serialize_list(value): if isinstance(value, (text_type, bytes)): return str(value) else: return ', '.join(map(str, value)) def converter_date(prop): return converter(prop, parse_date, serialize_date, 'HTTP date') def date_header(header, rfc_section): return converter_date(header_getter(header, rfc_section)) ######################## ## Converter functions ######################## _rx_etag = re.compile(r'(?:^|\s)(W/)?"((?:\\"|.)*?)"') def parse_etag_response(value, strong=False): """ Parse a response ETag. See: * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.19 * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.11 """ if not value: return None m = _rx_etag.match(value) if not m: # this etag is invalid, but we'll just return it anyway return value elif strong and m.group(1): # this is a weak etag and we want only strong ones return None else: return m.group(2).replace('\\"', '"') def serialize_etag_response(value): #return '"%s"' % value.replace('"', '\\"') strong = True if isinstance(value, tuple): value, strong = value elif _rx_etag.match(value): # this is a valid etag already return value # let's quote the value r = '"%s"' % value.replace('"', '\\"') if not strong: r = 'W/' + r return r def serialize_if_range(value): if isinstance(value, (datetime, date)): return serialize_date(value) value = str(value) return value or None def parse_range(value): if not value: return None # Might return None too: return Range.parse(value) def serialize_range(value): if not value: return None elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): return str(Range(*value)) else: assert isinstance(value, str) return value def parse_int(value): if value is None or value == '': return None return int(value) def parse_int_safe(value): if value is None or value == '': return None try: return int(value) except ValueError: return None serialize_int = str def parse_content_range(value): if not value or not value.strip(): return None # May still return None return ContentRange.parse(value) def serialize_content_range(value): if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)): if len(value) not in (2, 3): raise ValueError( "When setting content_range to a list/tuple, it must " "be length 2 or 3 (not %r)" % value) if len(value) == 2: begin, end = value length = None else: begin, end, length = value value = ContentRange(begin, end, length) value = str(value).strip() if not value: return None return value _rx_auth_param = re.compile(r'([a-z]+)=(".*?"|[^,]*)(?:\Z|, *)') def parse_auth_params(params): r = {} for k, v in _rx_auth_param.findall(params): r[k] = v.strip('"') return r # see http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/2009OctDec/0297.html known_auth_schemes = ['Basic', 'Digest', 'WSSE', 'HMACDigest', 'GoogleLogin', 'Cookie', 'OpenID'] known_auth_schemes = dict.fromkeys(known_auth_schemes, None) def parse_auth(val): if val is not None: authtype, params = val.split(' ', 1) if authtype in known_auth_schemes: if authtype == 'Basic' and '"' not in params: # this is the "Authentication: Basic XXXXX==" case pass else: params = parse_auth_params(params) return authtype, params return val def serialize_auth(val): if isinstance(val, (tuple, list)): authtype, params = val if isinstance(params, dict): params = ', '.join(map('%s="%s"'.__mod__, params.items())) assert isinstance(params, str) return '%s %s' % (authtype, params) return val
Python
""" Decorators to wrap functions to make them WSGI applications. The main decorator :class:`wsgify` turns a function into a WSGI application (while also allowing normal calling of the method with an instantiated request). """ from webob.compat import ( bytes_, text_type, ) from webob.request import Request from webob.exc import HTTPException __all__ = ['wsgify'] class wsgify(object): """Turns a request-taking, response-returning function into a WSGI app You can use this like:: @wsgify def myfunc(req): return webob.Response('hey there') With that ``myfunc`` will be a WSGI application, callable like ``app_iter = myfunc(environ, start_response)``. You can also call it like normal, e.g., ``resp = myfunc(req)``. (You can also wrap methods, like ``def myfunc(self, req)``.) If you raise exceptions from :mod:`webob.exc` they will be turned into WSGI responses. There are also several parameters you can use to customize the decorator. Most notably, you can use a :class:`webob.Request` subclass, like:: class MyRequest(webob.Request): @property def is_local(self): return self.remote_addr == '127.0.0.1' @wsgify(RequestClass=MyRequest) def myfunc(req): if req.is_local: return Response('hi!') else: raise webob.exc.HTTPForbidden Another customization you can add is to add `args` (positional arguments) or `kwargs` (of course, keyword arguments). While generally not that useful, you can use this to create multiple WSGI apps from one function, like:: import simplejson def serve_json(req, json_obj): return Response(json.dumps(json_obj), content_type='application/json') serve_ob1 = wsgify(serve_json, args=(ob1,)) serve_ob2 = wsgify(serve_json, args=(ob2,)) You can return several things from a function: * A :class:`webob.Response` object (or subclass) * *Any* WSGI application * None, and then ``req.response`` will be used (a pre-instantiated Response object) * A string, which will be written to ``req.response`` and then that response will be used. * Raise an exception from :mod:`webob.exc` Also see :func:`wsgify.middleware` for a way to make middleware. You can also subclass this decorator; the most useful things to do in a subclass would be to change `RequestClass` or override `call_func` (e.g., to add ``req.urlvars`` as keyword arguments to the function). """ RequestClass = Request def __init__(self, func=None, RequestClass=None, args=(), kwargs=None, middleware_wraps=None): self.func = func if (RequestClass is not None and RequestClass is not self.RequestClass): self.RequestClass = RequestClass self.args = tuple(args) if kwargs is None: kwargs = {} self.kwargs = kwargs self.middleware_wraps = middleware_wraps def __repr__(self): return '<%s at %s wrapping %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self.func) def __get__(self, obj, type=None): # This handles wrapping methods if hasattr(self.func, '__get__'): return self.clone(self.func.__get__(obj, type)) else: return self def __call__(self, req, *args, **kw): """Call this as a WSGI application or with a request""" func = self.func if func is None: if args or kw: raise TypeError( "Unbound %s can only be called with the function it " "will wrap" % self.__class__.__name__) func = req return self.clone(func) if isinstance(req, dict): if len(args) != 1 or kw: raise TypeError( "Calling %r as a WSGI app with the wrong signature") environ = req start_response = args[0] req = self.RequestClass(environ) req.response = req.ResponseClass() try: args = self.args if self.middleware_wraps: args = (self.middleware_wraps,) + args resp = self.call_func(req, *args, **self.kwargs) except HTTPException as exc: resp = exc if resp is None: ## FIXME: I'm not sure what this should be? resp = req.response if isinstance(resp, text_type): resp = bytes_(resp, req.charset) if isinstance(resp, bytes): body = resp resp = req.response resp.write(body) if resp is not req.response: resp = req.response.merge_cookies(resp) return resp(environ, start_response) else: if self.middleware_wraps: args = (self.middleware_wraps,) + args return self.func(req, *args, **kw) def get(self, url, **kw): """Run a GET request on this application, returning a Response. This creates a request object using the given URL, and any other keyword arguments are set on the request object (e.g., ``last_modified=datetime.now()``). :: resp = myapp.get('/article?id=10') """ kw.setdefault('method', 'GET') req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, **kw) return self(req) def post(self, url, POST=None, **kw): """Run a POST request on this application, returning a Response. The second argument (`POST`) can be the request body (a string), or a dictionary or list of two-tuples, that give the POST body. :: resp = myapp.post('/article/new', dict(title='My Day', content='I ate a sandwich')) """ kw.setdefault('method', 'POST') req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, POST=POST, **kw) return self(req) def request(self, url, **kw): """Run a request on this application, returning a Response. This can be used for DELETE, PUT, etc requests. E.g.:: resp = myapp.request('/article/1', method='PUT', body='New article') """ req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, **kw) return self(req) def call_func(self, req, *args, **kwargs): """Call the wrapped function; override this in a subclass to change how the function is called.""" return self.func(req, *args, **kwargs) def clone(self, func=None, **kw): """Creates a copy/clone of this object, but with some parameters rebound """ kwargs = {} if func is not None: kwargs['func'] = func if self.RequestClass is not self.__class__.RequestClass: kwargs['RequestClass'] = self.RequestClass if self.args: kwargs['args'] = self.args if self.kwargs: kwargs['kwargs'] = self.kwargs kwargs.update(kw) return self.__class__(**kwargs) # To match @decorator: @property def undecorated(self): return self.func @classmethod def middleware(cls, middle_func=None, app=None, **kw): """Creates middleware Use this like:: @wsgify.middleware def restrict_ip(app, req, ips): if req.remote_addr not in ips: raise webob.exc.HTTPForbidden('Bad IP: %s' % req.remote_addr) return app @wsgify def app(req): return 'hi' wrapped = restrict_ip(app, ips=['127.0.0.1']) Or if you want to write output-rewriting middleware:: @wsgify.middleware def all_caps(app, req): resp = req.get_response(app) resp.body = resp.body.upper() return resp wrapped = all_caps(app) Note that you must call ``req.get_response(app)`` to get a WebOb response object. If you are not modifying the output, you can just return the app. As you can see, this method doesn't actually create an application, but creates "middleware" that can be bound to an application, along with "configuration" (that is, any other keyword arguments you pass when binding the application). """ if middle_func is None: return _UnboundMiddleware(cls, app, kw) if app is None: return _MiddlewareFactory(cls, middle_func, kw) return cls(middle_func, middleware_wraps=app, kwargs=kw) class _UnboundMiddleware(object): """A `wsgify.middleware` invocation that has not yet wrapped a middleware function; the intermediate object when you do something like ``@wsgify.middleware(RequestClass=Foo)`` """ def __init__(self, wrapper_class, app, kw): self.wrapper_class = wrapper_class self.app = app self.kw = kw def __repr__(self): return '<%s at %s wrapping %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self.app) def __call__(self, func, app=None): if app is None: app = self.app return self.wrapper_class.middleware(func, app=app, **self.kw) class _MiddlewareFactory(object): """A middleware that has not yet been bound to an application or configured. """ def __init__(self, wrapper_class, middleware, kw): self.wrapper_class = wrapper_class self.middleware = middleware self.kw = kw def __repr__(self): return '<%s at %s wrapping %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self.middleware) def __call__(self, app, **config): kw = self.kw.copy() kw.update(config) return self.wrapper_class.middleware(self.middleware, app, **kw)
Python
""" HTTP Exception -------------- This module processes Python exceptions that relate to HTTP exceptions by defining a set of exceptions, all subclasses of HTTPException. Each exception, in addition to being a Python exception that can be raised and caught, is also a WSGI application and ``webob.Response`` object. This module defines exceptions according to RFC 2068 [1]_ : codes with 100-300 are not really errors; 400's are client errors, and 500's are server errors. According to the WSGI specification [2]_ , the application can call ``start_response`` more then once only under two conditions: (a) the response has not yet been sent, or (b) if the second and subsequent invocations of ``start_response`` have a valid ``exc_info`` argument obtained from ``sys.exc_info()``. The WSGI specification then requires the server or gateway to handle the case where content has been sent and then an exception was encountered. Exception HTTPException HTTPOk * 200 - HTTPOk * 201 - HTTPCreated * 202 - HTTPAccepted * 203 - HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation * 204 - HTTPNoContent * 205 - HTTPResetContent * 206 - HTTPPartialContent HTTPRedirection * 300 - HTTPMultipleChoices * 301 - HTTPMovedPermanently * 302 - HTTPFound * 303 - HTTPSeeOther * 304 - HTTPNotModified * 305 - HTTPUseProxy * 306 - Unused (not implemented, obviously) * 307 - HTTPTemporaryRedirect HTTPError HTTPClientError * 400 - HTTPBadRequest * 401 - HTTPUnauthorized * 402 - HTTPPaymentRequired * 403 - HTTPForbidden * 404 - HTTPNotFound * 405 - HTTPMethodNotAllowed * 406 - HTTPNotAcceptable * 407 - HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired * 408 - HTTPRequestTimeout * 409 - HTTPConflict * 410 - HTTPGone * 411 - HTTPLengthRequired * 412 - HTTPPreconditionFailed * 413 - HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge * 414 - HTTPRequestURITooLong * 415 - HTTPUnsupportedMediaType * 416 - HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable * 417 - HTTPExpectationFailed * 428 - HTTPPreconditionRequired * 429 - HTTPTooManyRequests * 431 - HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge HTTPServerError * 500 - HTTPInternalServerError * 501 - HTTPNotImplemented * 502 - HTTPBadGateway * 503 - HTTPServiceUnavailable * 504 - HTTPGatewayTimeout * 505 - HTTPVersionNotSupported * 511 - HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired Subclass usage notes: --------------------- The HTTPException class is complicated by 4 factors: 1. The content given to the exception may either be plain-text or as html-text. 2. The template may want to have string-substitutions taken from the current ``environ`` or values from incoming headers. This is especially troublesome due to case sensitivity. 3. The final output may either be text/plain or text/html mime-type as requested by the client application. 4. Each exception has a default explanation, but those who raise exceptions may want to provide additional detail. Subclass attributes and call parameters are designed to provide an easier path through the complications. Attributes: ``code`` the HTTP status code for the exception ``title`` remainder of the status line (stuff after the code) ``explanation`` a plain-text explanation of the error message that is not subject to environment or header substitutions; it is accessible in the template via %(explanation)s ``detail`` a plain-text message customization that is not subject to environment or header substitutions; accessible in the template via %(detail)s ``body_template`` a content fragment (in HTML) used for environment and header substitution; the default template includes both the explanation and further detail provided in the message Parameters: ``detail`` a plain-text override of the default ``detail`` ``headers`` a list of (k,v) header pairs ``comment`` a plain-text additional information which is usually stripped/hidden for end-users ``body_template`` a string.Template object containing a content fragment in HTML that frames the explanation and further detail To override the template (which is HTML content) or the plain-text explanation, one must subclass the given exception; or customize it after it has been created. This particular breakdown of a message into explanation, detail and template allows both the creation of plain-text and html messages for various clients as well as error-free substitution of environment variables and headers. The subclasses of :class:`~_HTTPMove` (:class:`~HTTPMultipleChoices`, :class:`~HTTPMovedPermanently`, :class:`~HTTPFound`, :class:`~HTTPSeeOther`, :class:`~HTTPUseProxy` and :class:`~HTTPTemporaryRedirect`) are redirections that require a ``Location`` field. Reflecting this, these subclasses have two additional keyword arguments: ``location`` and ``add_slash``. Parameters: ``location`` to set the location immediately ``add_slash`` set to True to redirect to the same URL as the request, except with a ``/`` appended Relative URLs in the location will be resolved to absolute. References: .. [1] http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0333.html#error-handling .. [2] http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5 """ from string import Template import re import sys from webob.compat import ( class_types, text_, text_type, urlparse, ) from webob.request import Request from webob.response import Response from webob.util import ( html_escape, warn_deprecation, ) tag_re = re.compile(r'<.*?>', re.S) br_re = re.compile(r'<br.*?>', re.I|re.S) comment_re = re.compile(r'<!--|-->') def no_escape(value): if value is None: return '' if not isinstance(value, text_type): if hasattr(value, '__unicode__'): value = value.__unicode__() if isinstance(value, bytes): value = text_(value, 'utf-8') else: value = text_type(value) return value def strip_tags(value): value = value.replace('\n', ' ') value = value.replace('\r', '') value = br_re.sub('\n', value) value = comment_re.sub('', value) value = tag_re.sub('', value) return value class HTTPException(Exception): def __init__(self, message, wsgi_response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.wsgi_response = wsgi_response def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return self.wsgi_response(environ, start_response) # TODO: remove in version 1.3 @property def exception(self): warn_deprecation( "As of WebOb 1.2, raise the HTTPException instance directly " "instead of raising the result of 'HTTPException.exception'", '1.3', 2) return self class WSGIHTTPException(Response, HTTPException): ## You should set in subclasses: # code = 200 # title = 'OK' # explanation = 'why this happens' # body_template_obj = Template('response template') code = None title = None explanation = '' body_template_obj = Template('''\ ${explanation}<br /><br /> ${detail} ${html_comment} ''') plain_template_obj = Template('''\ ${status} ${body}''') html_template_obj = Template('''\ <html> <head> <title>${status}</title> </head> <body> <h1>${status}</h1> ${body} </body> </html>''') ## Set this to True for responses that should have no request body empty_body = False def __init__(self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, **kw): Response.__init__(self, status='%s %s' % (self.code, self.title), **kw) Exception.__init__(self, detail) if headers: self.headers.extend(headers) self.detail = detail self.comment = comment if body_template is not None: self.body_template = body_template self.body_template_obj = Template(body_template) if self.empty_body: del self.content_type del self.content_length def __str__(self): return self.detail or self.explanation def _make_body(self, environ, escape): args = { 'explanation': escape(self.explanation), 'detail': escape(self.detail or ''), 'comment': escape(self.comment or ''), } if self.comment: args['html_comment'] = '<!-- %s -->' % escape(self.comment) else: args['html_comment'] = '' if WSGIHTTPException.body_template_obj is not self.body_template_obj: # Custom template; add headers to args for k, v in environ.items(): args[k] = escape(v) for k, v in self.headers.items(): args[k.lower()] = escape(v) t_obj = self.body_template_obj return t_obj.substitute(args) def plain_body(self, environ): body = self._make_body(environ, no_escape) body = strip_tags(body) return self.plain_template_obj.substitute(status=self.status, title=self.title, body=body) def html_body(self, environ): body = self._make_body(environ, html_escape) return self.html_template_obj.substitute(status=self.status, body=body) def generate_response(self, environ, start_response): if self.content_length is not None: del self.content_length headerlist = list(self.headerlist) accept = environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT', '') if accept and 'html' in accept or '*/*' in accept: content_type = 'text/html' body = self.html_body(environ) else: content_type = 'text/plain' body = self.plain_body(environ) extra_kw = {} if isinstance(body, text_type): extra_kw.update(charset='utf-8') resp = Response(body, status=self.status, headerlist=headerlist, content_type=content_type, **extra_kw ) resp.content_type = content_type return resp(environ, start_response) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): is_head = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD' if self.body or self.empty_body or is_head: app_iter = Response.__call__(self, environ, start_response) else: app_iter = self.generate_response(environ, start_response) if is_head: app_iter = [] return app_iter @property def wsgi_response(self): return self class HTTPError(WSGIHTTPException): """ base class for status codes in the 400's and 500's This is an exception which indicates that an error has occurred, and that any work in progress should not be committed. These are typically results in the 400's and 500's. """ class HTTPRedirection(WSGIHTTPException): """ base class for 300's status code (redirections) This is an abstract base class for 3xx redirection. It indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. It does not necessarly signal an error condition. """ class HTTPOk(WSGIHTTPException): """ Base class for the 200's status code (successful responses) code: 200, title: OK """ code = 200 title = 'OK' ############################################################ ## 2xx success ############################################################ class HTTPCreated(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created. code: 201, title: Created """ code = 201 title = 'Created' class HTTPAccepted(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. code: 202, title: Accepted """ code = 202 title = 'Accepted' explanation = 'The request is accepted for processing.' class HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. code: 203, title: Non-Authoritative Information """ code = 203 title = 'Non-Authoritative Information' class HTTPNoContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. code: 204, title: No Content """ code = 204 title = 'No Content' empty_body = True class HTTPResetContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the the server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. code: 205, title: Reset Content """ code = 205 title = 'Reset Content' empty_body = True class HTTPPartialContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. code: 206, title: Partial Content """ code = 206 title = 'Partial Content' ############################################################ ## 3xx redirection ############################################################ class _HTTPMove(HTTPRedirection): """ redirections which require a Location field Since a 'Location' header is a required attribute of 301, 302, 303, 305 and 307 (but not 304), this base class provides the mechanics to make this easy. You can provide a location keyword argument to set the location immediately. You may also give ``add_slash=True`` if you want to redirect to the same URL as the request, except with a ``/`` added to the end. Relative URLs in the location will be resolved to absolute. """ explanation = 'The resource has been moved to' body_template_obj = Template('''\ ${explanation} <a href="${location}">${location}</a>; you should be redirected automatically. ${detail} ${html_comment}''') def __init__(self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, location=None, add_slash=False): super(_HTTPMove, self).__init__( detail=detail, headers=headers, comment=comment, body_template=body_template) if location is not None: self.location = location if add_slash: raise TypeError( "You can only provide one of the arguments location " "and add_slash") self.add_slash = add_slash def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) if self.add_slash: url = req.path_url url += '/' if req.environ.get('QUERY_STRING'): url += '?' + req.environ['QUERY_STRING'] self.location = url self.location = urlparse.urljoin(req.path_url, self.location) return super(_HTTPMove, self).__call__( environ, start_response) class HTTPMultipleChoices(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location, and agent-driven negotiation information is being provided so that the user can select a preferred representation and redirect its request to that location. code: 300, title: Multiple Choices """ code = 300 title = 'Multiple Choices' class HTTPMovedPermanently(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. code: 301, title: Moved Permanently """ code = 301 title = 'Moved Permanently' class HTTPFound(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 302, title: Found """ code = 302 title = 'Found' explanation = 'The resource was found at' # This one is safe after a POST (the redirected location will be # retrieved with GET): class HTTPSeeOther(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. code: 303, title: See Other """ code = 303 title = 'See Other' class HTTPNotModified(HTTPRedirection): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPRedirection` This indicates that if the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document has not been modified, the server SHOULD respond with this status code. code: 304, title: Not Modified """ # TODO: this should include a date or etag header code = 304 title = 'Not Modified' empty_body = True class HTTPUseProxy(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. code: 305, title: Use Proxy """ # Not a move, but looks a little like one code = 305 title = 'Use Proxy' explanation = ( 'The resource must be accessed through a proxy located at') class HTTPTemporaryRedirect(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 307, title: Temporary Redirect """ code = 307 title = 'Temporary Redirect' ############################################################ ## 4xx client error ############################################################ class HTTPClientError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 400's, where the client is in error This is an error condition in which the client is presumed to be in-error. This is an expected problem, and thus is not considered a bug. A server-side traceback is not warranted. Unless specialized, this is a '400 Bad Request' """ code = 400 title = 'Bad Request' explanation = ('The server could not comply with the request since\r\n' 'it is either malformed or otherwise incorrect.\r\n') class HTTPBadRequest(HTTPClientError): pass class HTTPUnauthorized(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request requires user authentication. code: 401, title: Unauthorized """ code = 401 title = 'Unauthorized' explanation = ( 'This server could not verify that you are authorized to\r\n' 'access the document you requested. Either you supplied the\r\n' 'wrong credentials (e.g., bad password), or your browser\r\n' 'does not understand how to supply the credentials required.\r\n') class HTTPPaymentRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` code: 402, title: Payment Required """ code = 402 title = 'Payment Required' explanation = ('Access was denied for financial reasons.') class HTTPForbidden(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. code: 403, title: Forbidden """ code = 403 title = 'Forbidden' explanation = ('Access was denied to this resource.') class HTTPNotFound(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server did not find anything matching the Request-URI. code: 404, title: Not Found """ code = 404 title = 'Not Found' explanation = ('The resource could not be found.') class HTTPMethodNotAllowed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. code: 405, title: Method Not Allowed """ code = 405 title = 'Method Not Allowed' # override template since we need an environment variable body_template_obj = Template('''\ The method ${REQUEST_METHOD} is not allowed for this resource. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPNotAcceptable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request. code: 406, title: Not Acceptable """ code = 406 title = 'Not Acceptable' # override template since we need an environment variable template = Template('''\ The resource could not be generated that was acceptable to your browser (content of type ${HTTP_ACCEPT}. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This is similar to 401, but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. code: 407, title: Proxy Authentication Required """ code = 407 title = 'Proxy Authentication Required' explanation = ('Authentication with a local proxy is needed.') class HTTPRequestTimeout(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. code: 408, title: Request Timeout """ code = 408 title = 'Request Timeout' explanation = ('The server has waited too long for the request to ' 'be sent by the client.') class HTTPConflict(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. code: 409, title: Conflict """ code = 409 title = 'Conflict' explanation = ('There was a conflict when trying to complete ' 'your request.') class HTTPGone(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the requested resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. code: 410, title: Gone """ code = 410 title = 'Gone' explanation = ('This resource is no longer available. No forwarding ' 'address is given.') class HTTPLengthRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the the server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-Length. code: 411, title: Length Required """ code = 411 title = 'Length Required' explanation = ('Content-Length header required.') class HTTPPreconditionFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. code: 412, title: Precondition Failed """ code = 412 title = 'Precondition Failed' explanation = ('Request precondition failed.') class HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to process a request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. code: 413, title: Request Entity Too Large """ code = 413 title = 'Request Entity Too Large' explanation = ('The body of your request was too large for this server.') class HTTPRequestURITooLong(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. code: 414, title: Request-URI Too Long """ code = 414 title = 'Request-URI Too Long' explanation = ('The request URI was too long for this server.') class HTTPUnsupportedMediaType(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method. code: 415, title: Unsupported Media Type """ code = 415 title = 'Unsupported Media Type' # override template since we need an environment variable template_obj = Template('''\ The request media type ${CONTENT_TYPE} is not supported by this server. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` The server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field, and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request did not include an If-Range request-header field. code: 416, title: Request Range Not Satisfiable """ code = 416 title = 'Request Range Not Satisfiable' explanation = ('The Range requested is not available.') class HTTPExpectationFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indidcates that the expectation given in an Expect request-header field could not be met by this server. code: 417, title: Expectation Failed """ code = 417 title = 'Expectation Failed' explanation = ('Expectation failed.') class HTTPUnprocessableEntity(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is unable to process the contained instructions. Only for WebDAV. code: 422, title: Unprocessable Entity """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 422 title = 'Unprocessable Entity' explanation = 'Unable to process the contained instructions' class HTTPLocked(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the resource is locked. Only for WebDAV code: 423, title: Locked """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 423 title = 'Locked' explanation = ('The resource is locked') class HTTPFailedDependency(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method could not be performed because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed. Only for WebDAV. code: 424, title: Failed Dependency """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 424 title = 'Failed Dependency' explanation = ( 'The method could not be performed because the requested ' 'action dependended on another action and that action failed') class HTTPPreconditionRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the origin server requires the request to be conditional. From RFC 6585, "Additional HTTP Status Codes". code: 428, title: Precondition Required """ code = 428 title = 'Precondition Required' explanation = ('This request is required to be conditional') class HTTPTooManyRequests(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the client has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. Useful for rate limiting. From RFC 6585, "Additional HTTP Status Codes". code: 429, title: Too Many Requests """ code = 429 title = 'Too Many Requests' explanation = ( 'The client has sent too many requests in a given amount of time') class HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. The request may be resubmitted after reducing the size of the request header fields. From RFC 6585, "Additional HTTP Status Codes". code: 431, title: Request Header Fields Too Large """ code = 431 title = 'Request Header Fields Too Large' explanation = ( 'The request header fields were too large') ############################################################ ## 5xx Server Error ############################################################ # Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in # which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of # performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the # server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error # situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User # agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response # codes are applicable to any request method. class HTTPServerError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 500's, where the server is in-error This is an error condition in which the server is presumed to be in-error. This is usually unexpected, and thus requires a traceback; ideally, opening a support ticket for the customer. Unless specialized, this is a '500 Internal Server Error' """ code = 500 title = 'Internal Server Error' explanation = ( 'The server has either erred or is incapable of performing\r\n' 'the requested operation.\r\n') class HTTPInternalServerError(HTTPServerError): pass class HTTPNotImplemented(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request. code: 501, title: Not Implemented """ code = 501 title = 'Not Implemented' template = Template(''' The request method ${REQUEST_METHOD} is not implemented for this server. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPBadGateway(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request. code: 502, title: Bad Gateway """ code = 502 title = 'Bad Gateway' explanation = ('Bad gateway.') class HTTPServiceUnavailable(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. code: 503, title: Service Unavailable """ code = 503 title = 'Service Unavailable' explanation = ('The server is currently unavailable. ' 'Please try again at a later time.') class HTTPGatewayTimeout(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g. HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g. DNS) it needed to access in attempting to complete the request. code: 504, title: Gateway Timeout """ code = 504 title = 'Gateway Timeout' explanation = ('The gateway has timed out.') class HTTPVersionNotSupported(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support, or refuses to support, the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. code: 505, title: HTTP Version Not Supported """ code = 505 title = 'HTTP Version Not Supported' explanation = ('The HTTP version is not supported.') class HTTPInsufficientStorage(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not have enough space to save the resource. code: 507, title: Insufficient Storage """ code = 507 title = 'Insufficient Storage' explanation = ('There was not enough space to save the resource') class HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access. From RFC 6585, "Additional HTTP Status Codes". code: 511, title: Network Authentication Required """ code = 511 title = 'Network Authentication Required' explanation = ('Network authentication is required') class HTTPExceptionMiddleware(object): """ Middleware that catches exceptions in the sub-application. This does not catch exceptions in the app_iter; only during the initial calling of the application. This should be put *very close* to applications that might raise these exceptions. This should not be applied globally; letting *expected* exceptions raise through the WSGI stack is dangerous. """ def __init__(self, application): self.application = application def __call__(self, environ, start_response): try: return self.application(environ, start_response) except HTTPException: parent_exc_info = sys.exc_info() def repl_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): if exc_info is None: exc_info = parent_exc_info return start_response(status, headers, exc_info) return parent_exc_info[1](environ, repl_start_response) try: from paste import httpexceptions except ImportError: # pragma: no cover # Without Paste we don't need to do this fixup pass else: # pragma: no cover for name in dir(httpexceptions): obj = globals().get(name) if (obj and isinstance(obj, type) and issubclass(obj, HTTPException) and obj is not HTTPException and obj is not WSGIHTTPException): obj.__bases__ = obj.__bases__ + (getattr(httpexceptions, name),) del name, obj, httpexceptions __all__ = ['HTTPExceptionMiddleware', 'status_map'] status_map={} for name, value in list(globals().items()): if (isinstance(value, (type, class_types)) and issubclass(value, HTTPException) and not name.startswith('_')): __all__.append(name) if getattr(value, 'code', None): status_map[value.code]=value if hasattr(value, 'explanation'): value.explanation = ' '.join(value.explanation.strip().split()) del name, value
Python
import warnings from webob.compat import ( escape, string_types, text_, text_type, ) from webob.headers import _trans_key def html_escape(s): """HTML-escape a string or object This converts any non-string objects passed into it to strings (actually, using ``unicode()``). All values returned are non-unicode strings (using ``&#num;`` entities for all non-ASCII characters). None is treated specially, and returns the empty string. """ if s is None: return '' __html__ = getattr(s, '__html__', None) if __html__ is not None and callable(__html__): return s.__html__() if not isinstance(s, string_types): __unicode__ = getattr(s, '__unicode__', None) if __unicode__ is not None and callable(__unicode__): s = s.__unicode__() else: s = str(s) s = escape(s, True) if isinstance(s, text_type): s = s.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace') return text_(s) def header_docstring(header, rfc_section): if header.isupper(): header = _trans_key(header) major_section = rfc_section.split('.')[0] link = 'http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec%s.html#sec%s' % ( major_section, rfc_section) return "Gets and sets the ``%s`` header (`HTTP spec section %s <%s>`_)." % ( header, rfc_section, link) def warn_deprecation(text, version, stacklevel): # pragma: no cover # version specifies when to start raising exceptions instead of warnings if version == '1.2': raise DeprecationWarning(text) elif version == '1.3': cls = DeprecationWarning else: cls = DeprecationWarning warnings.warn("Unknown warn_deprecation version arg: %r" % version, RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=1 ) warnings.warn(text, cls, stacklevel=stacklevel+1) status_reasons = { # Status Codes # Informational 100: 'Continue', 101: 'Switching Protocols', 102: 'Processing', # Successful 200: 'OK', 201: 'Created', 202: 'Accepted', 203: 'Non-Authoritative Information', 204: 'No Content', 205: 'Reset Content', 206: 'Partial Content', 207: 'Multi Status', 226: 'IM Used', # Redirection 300: 'Multiple Choices', 301: 'Moved Permanently', 302: 'Found', 303: 'See Other', 304: 'Not Modified', 305: 'Use Proxy', 307: 'Temporary Redirect', # Client Error 400: 'Bad Request', 401: 'Unauthorized', 402: 'Payment Required', 403: 'Forbidden', 404: 'Not Found', 405: 'Method Not Allowed', 406: 'Not Acceptable', 407: 'Proxy Authentication Required', 408: 'Request Timeout', 409: 'Conflict', 410: 'Gone', 411: 'Length Required', 412: 'Precondition Failed', 413: 'Request Entity Too Large', 414: 'Request URI Too Long', 415: 'Unsupported Media Type', 416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable', 417: 'Expectation Failed', 418: "I'm a teapot", 422: 'Unprocessable Entity', 423: 'Locked', 424: 'Failed Dependency', 426: 'Upgrade Required', # Server Error 500: 'Internal Server Error', 501: 'Not Implemented', 502: 'Bad Gateway', 503: 'Service Unavailable', 504: 'Gateway Timeout', 505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported', 507: 'Insufficient Storage', 510: 'Not Extended', } # generic class responses as per RFC2616 status_generic_reasons = { 1: 'Continue', 2: 'Success', 3: 'Multiple Choices', 4: 'Unknown Client Error', 5: 'Unknown Server Error', }
Python
import re __all__ = ['Range', 'ContentRange'] _rx_range = re.compile('bytes *= *(\d*) *- *(\d*)', flags=re.I) _rx_content_range = re.compile(r'bytes (?:(\d+)-(\d+)|[*])/(?:(\d+)|[*])') class Range(object): """ Represents the Range header. """ def __init__(self, start, end): assert end is None or end >= 0, "Bad range end: %r" % end self.start = start self.end = end # non-inclusive def range_for_length(self, length): """ *If* there is only one range, and *if* it is satisfiable by the given length, then return a (start, end) non-inclusive range of bytes to serve. Otherwise return None """ if length is None: return None start, end = self.start, self.end if end is None: end = length if start < 0: start += length if _is_content_range_valid(start, end, length): stop = min(end, length) return (start, stop) else: return None def content_range(self, length): """ Works like range_for_length; returns None or a ContentRange object You can use it like:: response.content_range = req.range.content_range(response.content_length) Though it's still up to you to actually serve that content range! """ range = self.range_for_length(length) if range is None: return None return ContentRange(range[0], range[1], length) def __str__(self): s,e = self.start, self.end if e is None: r = 'bytes=%s' % s if s >= 0: r += '-' return r return 'bytes=%s-%s' % (s, e-1) def __repr__(self): return '%s(%r, %r)' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.start, self.end) def __iter__(self): return iter((self.start, self.end)) @classmethod def parse(cls, header): """ Parse the header; may return None if header is invalid """ m = _rx_range.match(header or '') if not m: return None start, end = m.groups() if not start: return cls(-int(end), None) start = int(start) if not end: return cls(start, None) end = int(end) + 1 # return val is non-inclusive if start >= end: return None return cls(start, end) class ContentRange(object): """ Represents the Content-Range header This header is ``start-stop/length``, where start-stop and length can be ``*`` (represented as None in the attributes). """ def __init__(self, start, stop, length): if not _is_content_range_valid(start, stop, length): raise ValueError( "Bad start:stop/length: %r-%r/%r" % (start, stop, length)) self.start = start self.stop = stop # this is python-style range end (non-inclusive) self.length = length def __repr__(self): return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self) def __str__(self): if self.length is None: length = '*' else: length = self.length if self.start is None: assert self.stop is None return 'bytes */%s' % length stop = self.stop - 1 # from non-inclusive to HTTP-style return 'bytes %s-%s/%s' % (self.start, stop, length) def __iter__(self): """ Mostly so you can unpack this, like: start, stop, length = res.content_range """ return iter([self.start, self.stop, self.length]) @classmethod def parse(cls, value): """ Parse the header. May return None if it cannot parse. """ m = _rx_content_range.match(value or '') if not m: return None s, e, l = m.groups() if s: s = int(s) e = int(e) + 1 l = l and int(l) if not _is_content_range_valid(s, e, l, response=True): return None return cls(s, e, l) def _is_content_range_valid(start, stop, length, response=False): if (start is None) != (stop is None): return False elif start is None: return length is None or length >= 0 elif length is None: return 0 <= start < stop elif start >= stop: return False elif response and stop > length: # "content-range: bytes 0-50/10" is invalid for a response # "range: bytes 0-50" is valid for a request to a 10-bytes entity return False else: return 0 <= start < length
Python
import errno import sys import re try: import httplib except ImportError: # pragma: no cover import http.client as httplib from webob.compat import url_quote import socket from webob import exc from webob.compat import PY3 __all__ = ['send_request_app', 'SendRequest'] class SendRequest: """ Sends the request, as described by the environ, over actual HTTP. All controls about how it is sent are contained in the request environ itself. This connects to the server given in SERVER_NAME:SERVER_PORT, and sends the Host header in HTTP_HOST -- they do not have to match. You can send requests to servers despite what DNS says. Set ``environ['webob.client.timeout'] = 10`` to set the timeout on the request (to, for example, 10 seconds). Does not add X-Forwarded-For or other standard headers If you use ``send_request_app`` then simple ``httplib`` connections will be used. """ def __init__(self, HTTPConnection=httplib.HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection=httplib.HTTPSConnection): self.HTTPConnection = HTTPConnection self.HTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection def __call__(self, environ, start_response): scheme = environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] if scheme == 'http': ConnClass = self.HTTPConnection elif scheme == 'https': ConnClass = self.HTTPSConnection else: raise ValueError( "Unknown scheme: %r" % scheme) if 'SERVER_NAME' not in environ: host = environ.get('HTTP_HOST') if not host: raise ValueError( "environ contains neither SERVER_NAME nor HTTP_HOST") if ':' in host: host, port = host.split(':', 1) else: if scheme == 'http': port = '80' else: port = '443' environ['SERVER_NAME'] = host environ['SERVER_PORT'] = port kw = {} if ('webob.client.timeout' in environ and self._timeout_supported(ConnClass) ): kw['timeout'] = environ['webob.client.timeout'] conn = ConnClass('%(SERVER_NAME)s:%(SERVER_PORT)s' % environ, **kw) headers = {} for key, value in environ.items(): if key.startswith('HTTP_'): key = key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() headers[key] = value path = (url_quote(environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '')) + url_quote(environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''))) if environ.get('QUERY_STRING'): path += '?' + environ['QUERY_STRING'] try: content_length = int(environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', '0')) except ValueError: content_length = 0 ## FIXME: there is no streaming of the body, and that might be useful ## in some cases if content_length: body = environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length) else: body = '' headers['Content-Length'] = content_length if environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE'): headers['Content-Type'] = environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] if not path.startswith("/"): path = "/" + path try: conn.request(environ['REQUEST_METHOD'], path, body, headers) res = conn.getresponse() except socket.timeout: resp = exc.HTTPGatewayTimeout() return resp(environ, start_response) except (socket.error, socket.gaierror) as e: if ((isinstance(e, socket.error) and e.args[0] == -2) or (isinstance(e, socket.gaierror) and e.args[0] == 8)): # Name or service not known resp = exc.HTTPBadGateway( "Name or service not known (bad domain name: %s)" % environ['SERVER_NAME']) return resp(environ, start_response) elif e.args[0] in _e_refused: # pragma: no cover # Connection refused resp = exc.HTTPBadGateway("Connection refused") return resp(environ, start_response) raise headers_out = self.parse_headers(res.msg) status = '%s %s' % (res.status, res.reason) start_response(status, headers_out) length = res.getheader('content-length') # FIXME: This shouldn't really read in all the content at once if length is not None: body = res.read(int(length)) else: body = res.read() conn.close() return [body] # Remove these headers from response (specify lower case header # names): filtered_headers = ( 'transfer-encoding', ) MULTILINE_RE = re.compile(r'\r?\n\s*') def parse_headers(self, message): """ Turn a Message object into a list of WSGI-style headers. """ headers_out = [] if PY3: # pragma: no cover headers = message._headers else: # pragma: no cover headers = message.headers for full_header in headers: if not full_header: # pragma: no cover # Shouldn't happen, but we'll just ignore continue if full_header[0].isspace(): # pragma: no cover # Continuation line, add to the last header if not headers_out: raise ValueError( "First header starts with a space (%r)" % full_header) last_header, last_value = headers_out.pop() value = last_value + ', ' + full_header.strip() headers_out.append((last_header, value)) continue if isinstance(full_header, tuple): # pragma: no cover header, value = full_header else: # pragma: no cover try: header, value = full_header.split(':', 1) except: raise ValueError("Invalid header: %r" % (full_header,)) value = value.strip() if '\n' in value or '\r\n' in value: # pragma: no cover # Python 3 has multiline values for continuations, Python 2 # has two items in headers value = self.MULTILINE_RE.sub(', ', value) if header.lower() not in self.filtered_headers: headers_out.append((header, value)) return headers_out def _timeout_supported(self, ConnClass): if sys.version_info < (2, 7) and ConnClass in ( httplib.HTTPConnection, httplib.HTTPSConnection): # pragma: no cover return False return True send_request_app = SendRequest() _e_refused = (errno.ECONNREFUSED,) if hasattr(errno, 'ENODATA'): # pragma: no cover _e_refused += (errno.ENODATA,)
Python
from webob.datetime_utils import * from webob.request import * from webob.response import * from webob.util import html_escape __all__ = [ 'Request', 'LegacyRequest', 'Response', 'UTC', 'day', 'week', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'month', 'year', 'html_escape' ] BaseRequest.ResponseClass = Response __version__ = '1.2.2'
Python
from base64 import b64encode from datetime import ( datetime, timedelta, ) from hashlib import md5 import re import struct import zlib try: import simplejson as json except ImportError: import json from webob.byterange import ContentRange from webob.cachecontrol import ( CacheControl, serialize_cache_control, ) from webob.compat import ( PY3, bytes_, native_, text_type, url_quote, urlparse, ) from webob.cookies import ( Cookie, Morsel, ) from webob.datetime_utils import ( parse_date_delta, serialize_date_delta, timedelta_to_seconds, ) from webob.descriptors import ( CHARSET_RE, SCHEME_RE, converter, date_header, header_getter, list_header, parse_auth, parse_content_range, parse_etag_response, parse_int, parse_int_safe, serialize_auth, serialize_content_range, serialize_etag_response, serialize_int, ) from webob.headers import ResponseHeaders from webob.request import BaseRequest from webob.util import status_reasons, status_generic_reasons __all__ = ['Response'] _PARAM_RE = re.compile(r'([a-z0-9]+)=(?:"([^"]*)"|([a-z0-9_.-]*))', re.I) _OK_PARAM_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z0-9_.-]+$', re.I) _gzip_header = b'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\xff' class Response(object): """ Represents a WSGI response """ default_content_type = 'text/html' default_charset = 'UTF-8' # TODO: deprecate unicode_errors = 'strict' # TODO: deprecate (why would response body have errors?) default_conditional_response = False request = None environ = None # # __init__, from_file, copy # def __init__(self, body=None, status=None, headerlist=None, app_iter=None, content_type=None, conditional_response=None, **kw): if app_iter is None and body is None and ('json_body' in kw or 'json' in kw): if 'json_body' in kw: json_body = kw.pop('json_body') else: json_body = kw.pop('json') body = json.dumps(json_body, separators=(',', ':')) if content_type is None: content_type = 'application/json' if app_iter is None: if body is None: body = b'' elif body is not None: raise TypeError( "You may only give one of the body and app_iter arguments") if status is None: self._status = '200 OK' else: self.status = status if headerlist is None: self._headerlist = [] else: self._headerlist = headerlist self._headers = None if content_type is None: content_type = self.default_content_type charset = None if 'charset' in kw: charset = kw.pop('charset') elif self.default_charset: if (content_type and 'charset=' not in content_type and (content_type == 'text/html' or content_type.startswith('text/') or content_type.startswith('application/xml') or content_type.startswith('application/json') or (content_type.startswith('application/') and (content_type.endswith('+xml') or content_type.endswith('+json'))))): charset = self.default_charset if content_type and charset: content_type += '; charset=' + charset elif self._headerlist and charset: self.charset = charset if not self._headerlist and content_type: self._headerlist.append(('Content-Type', content_type)) if conditional_response is None: self.conditional_response = self.default_conditional_response else: self.conditional_response = bool(conditional_response) if app_iter is None: if isinstance(body, text_type): if charset is None: raise TypeError( "You cannot set the body to a text value without a " "charset") body = body.encode(charset) app_iter = [body] if headerlist is None: self._headerlist.append(('Content-Length', str(len(body)))) else: self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(body)) self._app_iter = app_iter for name, value in kw.items(): if not hasattr(self.__class__, name): # Not a basic attribute raise TypeError( "Unexpected keyword: %s=%r" % (name, value)) setattr(self, name, value) @classmethod def from_file(cls, fp): """Reads a response from a file-like object (it must implement ``.read(size)`` and ``.readline()``). It will read up to the end of the response, not the end of the file. This reads the response as represented by ``str(resp)``; it may not read every valid HTTP response properly. Responses must have a ``Content-Length``""" headerlist = [] status = fp.readline().strip() is_text = isinstance(status, text_type) if is_text: _colon = ':' else: _colon = b':' while 1: line = fp.readline().strip() if not line: # end of headers break try: header_name, value = line.split(_colon, 1) except ValueError: raise ValueError('Bad header line: %r' % line) value = value.strip() if not is_text: header_name = header_name.decode('utf-8') value = value.decode('utf-8') headerlist.append((header_name, value)) r = cls( status=status, headerlist=headerlist, app_iter=(), ) body = fp.read(r.content_length or 0) if is_text: r.text = body else: r.body = body return r def copy(self): """Makes a copy of the response""" # we need to do this for app_iter to be reusable app_iter = list(self._app_iter) iter_close(self._app_iter) # and this to make sure app_iter instances are different self._app_iter = list(app_iter) return self.__class__( content_type=False, status=self._status, headerlist=self._headerlist[:], app_iter=app_iter, conditional_response=self.conditional_response) # # __repr__, __str__ # def __repr__(self): return '<%s at 0x%x %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), self.status) def __str__(self, skip_body=False): parts = [self.status] if not skip_body: # Force enumeration of the body (to set content-length) self.body parts += map('%s: %s'.__mod__, self.headerlist) if not skip_body and self.body: parts += ['', self.text if PY3 else self.body] return '\n'.join(parts) # # status, status_code/status_int # def _status__get(self): """ The status string """ return self._status def _status__set(self, value): if isinstance(value, int): self.status_code = value return if PY3: # pragma: no cover if isinstance(value, bytes): value = value.decode('ascii') elif isinstance(value, text_type): value = value.encode('ascii') if not isinstance(value, str): raise TypeError( "You must set status to a string or integer (not %s)" % type(value)) if ' ' not in value: try: value += ' ' + status_reasons[int(value)] except KeyError: value += ' ' + status_generic_reasons[int(value) // 100] self._status = value status = property(_status__get, _status__set, doc=_status__get.__doc__) def _status_code__get(self): """ The status as an integer """ return int(self._status.split()[0]) def _status_code__set(self, code): try: self._status = '%d %s' % (code, status_reasons[code]) except KeyError: self._status = '%d %s' % (code, status_generic_reasons[code // 100]) status_code = status_int = property(_status_code__get, _status_code__set, doc=_status_code__get.__doc__) # # headerslist, headers # def _headerlist__get(self): """ The list of response headers """ return self._headerlist def _headerlist__set(self, value): self._headers = None if not isinstance(value, list): if hasattr(value, 'items'): value = value.items() value = list(value) self._headerlist = value def _headerlist__del(self): self.headerlist = [] headerlist = property(_headerlist__get, _headerlist__set, _headerlist__del, doc=_headerlist__get.__doc__) def _headers__get(self): """ The headers in a dictionary-like object """ if self._headers is None: self._headers = ResponseHeaders.view_list(self.headerlist) return self._headers def _headers__set(self, value): if hasattr(value, 'items'): value = value.items() self.headerlist = value self._headers = None headers = property(_headers__get, _headers__set, doc=_headers__get.__doc__) # # body # def _body__get(self): """ The body of the response, as a ``str``. This will read in the entire app_iter if necessary. """ app_iter = self._app_iter # try: # if len(app_iter) == 1: # return app_iter[0] # except: # pass if isinstance(app_iter, list) and len(app_iter) == 1: return app_iter[0] if app_iter is None: raise AttributeError("No body has been set") try: body = b''.join(app_iter) finally: iter_close(app_iter) if isinstance(body, text_type): raise _error_unicode_in_app_iter(app_iter, body) self._app_iter = [body] if len(body) == 0: # if body-length is zero, we assume it's a HEAD response and # leave content_length alone pass # pragma: no cover (no idea why necessary, it's hit) elif self.content_length is None: self.content_length = len(body) elif self.content_length != len(body): raise AssertionError( "Content-Length is different from actual app_iter length " "(%r!=%r)" % (self.content_length, len(body)) ) return body def _body__set(self, value=b''): if not isinstance(value, bytes): if isinstance(value, text_type): msg = ("You cannot set Response.body to a text object " "(use Response.text)") else: msg = ("You can only set the body to a binary type (not %s)" % type(value)) raise TypeError(msg) if self._app_iter is not None: self.content_md5 = None self._app_iter = [value] self.content_length = len(value) # def _body__del(self): # self.body = '' # #self.content_length = None body = property(_body__get, _body__set, _body__set) def _json_body__get(self): """Access the body of the response as JSON""" # Note: UTF-8 is a content-type specific default for JSON: return json.loads(self.body.decode(self.charset or 'UTF-8')) def _json_body__set(self, value): self.body = json.dumps(value, separators=(',', ':')).encode(self.charset or 'UTF-8') def _json_body__del(self): del self.body json = json_body = property(_json_body__get, _json_body__set, _json_body__del) # # text, unicode_body, ubody # def _text__get(self): """ Get/set the text value of the body (using the charset of the Content-Type) """ if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Response.text unless charset is set") body = self.body return body.decode(self.charset, self.unicode_errors) def _text__set(self, value): if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Response.text unless charset is set") if not isinstance(value, text_type): raise TypeError( "You can only set Response.text to a unicode string " "(not %s)" % type(value)) self.body = value.encode(self.charset) def _text__del(self): del self.body text = property(_text__get, _text__set, _text__del, doc=_text__get.__doc__) unicode_body = ubody = property(_text__get, _text__set, _text__del, "Deprecated alias for .text") # # body_file, write(text) # def _body_file__get(self): """ A file-like object that can be used to write to the body. If you passed in a list app_iter, that app_iter will be modified by writes. """ return ResponseBodyFile(self) def _body_file__set(self, file): self.app_iter = iter_file(file) def _body_file__del(self): del self.body body_file = property(_body_file__get, _body_file__set, _body_file__del, doc=_body_file__get.__doc__) def write(self, text): if not isinstance(text, bytes): if not isinstance(text, text_type): msg = "You can only write str to a Response.body_file, not %s" raise TypeError(msg % type(text)) if not self.charset: msg = ("You can only write text to Response if charset has " "been set") raise TypeError(msg) text = text.encode(self.charset) app_iter = self._app_iter if not isinstance(app_iter, list): try: new_app_iter = self._app_iter = list(app_iter) finally: iter_close(app_iter) app_iter = new_app_iter self.content_length = sum(len(chunk) for chunk in app_iter) app_iter.append(text) if self.content_length is not None: self.content_length += len(text) # # app_iter # def _app_iter__get(self): """ Returns the app_iter of the response. If body was set, this will create an app_iter from that body (a single-item list) """ return self._app_iter def _app_iter__set(self, value): if self._app_iter is not None: # Undo the automatically-set content-length self.content_length = None self.content_md5 = None self._app_iter = value def _app_iter__del(self): self._app_iter = [] self.content_length = None app_iter = property(_app_iter__get, _app_iter__set, _app_iter__del, doc=_app_iter__get.__doc__) # # headers attrs # allow = list_header('Allow', '14.7') # TODO: (maybe) support response.vary += 'something' # TODO: same thing for all listy headers vary = list_header('Vary', '14.44') content_length = converter( header_getter('Content-Length', '14.17'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') content_encoding = header_getter('Content-Encoding', '14.11') content_language = list_header('Content-Language', '14.12') content_location = header_getter('Content-Location', '14.14') content_md5 = header_getter('Content-MD5', '14.14') content_disposition = header_getter('Content-Disposition', '19.5.1') accept_ranges = header_getter('Accept-Ranges', '14.5') content_range = converter( header_getter('Content-Range', '14.16'), parse_content_range, serialize_content_range, 'ContentRange object') date = date_header('Date', '14.18') expires = date_header('Expires', '14.21') last_modified = date_header('Last-Modified', '14.29') _etag_raw = header_getter('ETag', '14.19') etag = converter(_etag_raw, parse_etag_response, serialize_etag_response, 'Entity tag' ) @property def etag_strong(self): return parse_etag_response(self._etag_raw, strong=True) location = header_getter('Location', '14.30') pragma = header_getter('Pragma', '14.32') age = converter( header_getter('Age', '14.6'), parse_int_safe, serialize_int, 'int') retry_after = converter( header_getter('Retry-After', '14.37'), parse_date_delta, serialize_date_delta, 'HTTP date or delta seconds') server = header_getter('Server', '14.38') # TODO: the standard allows this to be a list of challenges www_authenticate = converter( header_getter('WWW-Authenticate', '14.47'), parse_auth, serialize_auth, ) # # charset # def _charset__get(self): """ Get/set the charset (in the Content-Type) """ header = self.headers.get('Content-Type') if not header: return None match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: return match.group(1) return None def _charset__set(self, charset): if charset is None: del self.charset return header = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) if header is None: raise AttributeError("You cannot set the charset when no " "content-type is defined") match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: header = header[:match.start()] + header[match.end():] header += '; charset=%s' % charset self.headers['Content-Type'] = header def _charset__del(self): header = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) if header is None: # Don't need to remove anything return match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: header = header[:match.start()] + header[match.end():] self.headers['Content-Type'] = header charset = property(_charset__get, _charset__set, _charset__del, doc=_charset__get.__doc__) # # content_type # def _content_type__get(self): """ Get/set the Content-Type header (or None), *without* the charset or any parameters. If you include parameters (or ``;`` at all) when setting the content_type, any existing parameters will be deleted; otherwise they will be preserved. """ header = self.headers.get('Content-Type') if not header: return None return header.split(';', 1)[0] def _content_type__set(self, value): if not value: self._content_type__del() return if ';' not in value: header = self.headers.get('Content-Type', '') if ';' in header: params = header.split(';', 1)[1] value += ';' + params self.headers['Content-Type'] = value def _content_type__del(self): self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) content_type = property(_content_type__get, _content_type__set, _content_type__del, doc=_content_type__get.__doc__) # # content_type_params # def _content_type_params__get(self): """ A dictionary of all the parameters in the content type. (This is not a view, set to change, modifications of the dict would not be applied otherwise) """ params = self.headers.get('Content-Type', '') if ';' not in params: return {} params = params.split(';', 1)[1] result = {} for match in _PARAM_RE.finditer(params): result[match.group(1)] = match.group(2) or match.group(3) or '' return result def _content_type_params__set(self, value_dict): if not value_dict: del self.content_type_params return params = [] for k, v in sorted(value_dict.items()): if not _OK_PARAM_RE.search(v): v = '"%s"' % v.replace('"', '\\"') params.append('; %s=%s' % (k, v)) ct = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', '').split(';', 1)[0] ct += ''.join(params) self.headers['Content-Type'] = ct def _content_type_params__del(self): self.headers['Content-Type'] = self.headers.get( 'Content-Type', '').split(';', 1)[0] content_type_params = property( _content_type_params__get, _content_type_params__set, _content_type_params__del, _content_type_params__get.__doc__ ) # # set_cookie, unset_cookie, delete_cookie, merge_cookies # def set_cookie(self, key, value='', max_age=None, path='/', domain=None, secure=False, httponly=False, comment=None, expires=None, overwrite=False): """ Set (add) a cookie for the response. Arguments are: ``key`` The cookie name. ``value`` The cookie value, which should be a string or ``None``. If ``value`` is ``None``, it's equivalent to calling the :meth:`webob.response.Response.unset_cookie` method for this cookie key (it effectively deletes the cookie on the client). ``max_age`` An integer representing a number of seconds or ``None``. If this value is an integer, it is used as the ``Max-Age`` of the generated cookie. If ``expires`` is not passed and this value is an integer, the ``max_age`` value will also influence the ``Expires`` value of the cookie (``Expires`` will be set to now + max_age). If this value is ``None``, the cookie will not have a ``Max-Age`` value (unless ``expires`` is also sent). ``path`` A string representing the cookie ``Path`` value. It defaults to ``/``. ``domain`` A string representing the cookie ``Domain``, or ``None``. If domain is ``None``, no ``Domain`` value will be sent in the cookie. ``secure`` A boolean. If it's ``True``, the ``secure`` flag will be sent in the cookie, if it's ``False``, the ``secure`` flag will not be sent in the cookie. ``httponly`` A boolean. If it's ``True``, the ``HttpOnly`` flag will be sent in the cookie, if it's ``False``, the ``HttpOnly`` flag will not be sent in the cookie. ``comment`` A string representing the cookie ``Comment`` value, or ``None``. If ``comment`` is ``None``, no ``Comment`` value will be sent in the cookie. ``expires`` A ``datetime.timedelta`` object representing an amount of time or the value ``None``. A non-``None`` value is used to generate the ``Expires`` value of the generated cookie. If ``max_age`` is not passed, but this value is not ``None``, it will influence the ``Max-Age`` header (``Max-Age`` will be 'expires_value - datetime.utcnow()'). If this value is ``None``, the ``Expires`` cookie value will be unset (unless ``max_age`` is also passed). ``overwrite`` If this key is ``True``, before setting the cookie, unset any existing cookie. """ if overwrite: self.unset_cookie(key, strict=False) if value is None: # delete the cookie from the client value = '' max_age = 0 expires = timedelta(days=-5) elif expires is None and max_age is not None: if isinstance(max_age, int): max_age = timedelta(seconds=max_age) expires = datetime.utcnow() + max_age elif max_age is None and expires is not None: max_age = expires - datetime.utcnow() value = bytes_(value, 'utf8') key = bytes_(key, 'utf8') m = Morsel(key, value) m.path = bytes_(path, 'utf8') m.domain = bytes_(domain, 'utf8') m.comment = bytes_(comment, 'utf8') m.expires = expires m.max_age = max_age m.secure = secure m.httponly = httponly self.headerlist.append(('Set-Cookie', m.serialize())) def delete_cookie(self, key, path='/', domain=None): """ Delete a cookie from the client. Note that path and domain must match how the cookie was originally set. This sets the cookie to the empty string, and max_age=0 so that it should expire immediately. """ self.set_cookie(key, None, path=path, domain=domain) def unset_cookie(self, key, strict=True): """ Unset a cookie with the given name (remove it from the response). """ existing = self.headers.getall('Set-Cookie') if not existing and not strict: return cookies = Cookie() for header in existing: cookies.load(header) if isinstance(key, text_type): key = key.encode('utf8') if key in cookies: del cookies[key] del self.headers['Set-Cookie'] for m in cookies.values(): self.headerlist.append(('Set-Cookie', m.serialize())) elif strict: raise KeyError("No cookie has been set with the name %r" % key) def merge_cookies(self, resp): """Merge the cookies that were set on this response with the given `resp` object (which can be any WSGI application). If the `resp` is a :class:`webob.Response` object, then the other object will be modified in-place. """ if not self.headers.get('Set-Cookie'): return resp if isinstance(resp, Response): for header in self.headers.getall('Set-Cookie'): resp.headers.add('Set-Cookie', header) return resp else: c_headers = [h for h in self.headerlist if h[0].lower() == 'set-cookie'] def repl_app(environ, start_response): def repl_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): return start_response(status, headers+c_headers, exc_info=exc_info) return resp(environ, repl_start_response) return repl_app # # cache_control # _cache_control_obj = None def _cache_control__get(self): """ Get/set/modify the Cache-Control header (`HTTP spec section 14.9 <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9>`_) """ value = self.headers.get('cache-control', '') if self._cache_control_obj is None: self._cache_control_obj = CacheControl.parse( value, updates_to=self._update_cache_control, type='response') self._cache_control_obj.header_value = value if self._cache_control_obj.header_value != value: new_obj = CacheControl.parse(value, type='response') self._cache_control_obj.properties.clear() self._cache_control_obj.properties.update(new_obj.properties) self._cache_control_obj.header_value = value return self._cache_control_obj def _cache_control__set(self, value): # This actually becomes a copy if not value: value = "" if isinstance(value, dict): value = CacheControl(value, 'response') if isinstance(value, text_type): value = str(value) if isinstance(value, str): if self._cache_control_obj is None: self.headers['Cache-Control'] = value return value = CacheControl.parse(value, 'response') cache = self.cache_control cache.properties.clear() cache.properties.update(value.properties) def _cache_control__del(self): self.cache_control = {} def _update_cache_control(self, prop_dict): value = serialize_cache_control(prop_dict) if not value: if 'Cache-Control' in self.headers: del self.headers['Cache-Control'] else: self.headers['Cache-Control'] = value cache_control = property( _cache_control__get, _cache_control__set, _cache_control__del, doc=_cache_control__get.__doc__) # # cache_expires # def _cache_expires(self, seconds=0, **kw): """ Set expiration on this request. This sets the response to expire in the given seconds, and any other attributes are used for cache_control (e.g., private=True, etc). """ if seconds is True: seconds = 0 elif isinstance(seconds, timedelta): seconds = timedelta_to_seconds(seconds) cache_control = self.cache_control if seconds is None: pass elif not seconds: # To really expire something, you have to force a # bunch of these cache control attributes, and IE may # not pay attention to those still so we also set # Expires. cache_control.no_store = True cache_control.no_cache = True cache_control.must_revalidate = True cache_control.max_age = 0 cache_control.post_check = 0 cache_control.pre_check = 0 self.expires = datetime.utcnow() if 'last-modified' not in self.headers: self.last_modified = datetime.utcnow() self.pragma = 'no-cache' else: cache_control.properties.clear() cache_control.max_age = seconds self.expires = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=seconds) self.pragma = None for name, value in kw.items(): setattr(cache_control, name, value) cache_expires = property(lambda self: self._cache_expires, _cache_expires) # # encode_content, decode_content, md5_etag # def encode_content(self, encoding='gzip', lazy=False): """ Encode the content with the given encoding (only gzip and identity are supported). """ assert encoding in ('identity', 'gzip'), \ "Unknown encoding: %r" % encoding if encoding == 'identity': self.decode_content() return if self.content_encoding == 'gzip': return if lazy: self.app_iter = gzip_app_iter(self._app_iter) self.content_length = None else: self.app_iter = list(gzip_app_iter(self._app_iter)) self.content_length = sum(map(len, self._app_iter)) self.content_encoding = 'gzip' def decode_content(self): content_encoding = self.content_encoding or 'identity' if content_encoding == 'identity': return if content_encoding not in ('gzip', 'deflate'): raise ValueError( "I don't know how to decode the content %s" % content_encoding) if content_encoding == 'gzip': from gzip import GzipFile from io import BytesIO gzip_f = GzipFile(filename='', mode='r', fileobj=BytesIO(self.body)) self.body = gzip_f.read() self.content_encoding = None gzip_f.close() else: # Weird feature: http://bugs.python.org/issue5784 self.body = zlib.decompress(self.body, -15) self.content_encoding = None def md5_etag(self, body=None, set_content_md5=False): """ Generate an etag for the response object using an MD5 hash of the body (the body parameter, or ``self.body`` if not given) Sets ``self.etag`` If ``set_content_md5`` is True sets ``self.content_md5`` as well """ if body is None: body = self.body md5_digest = md5(body).digest() md5_digest = b64encode(md5_digest) md5_digest = md5_digest.replace(b'\n', b'') md5_digest = native_(md5_digest) self.etag = md5_digest.strip('=') if set_content_md5: self.content_md5 = md5_digest # # __call__, conditional_response_app # def __call__(self, environ, start_response): """ WSGI application interface """ if self.conditional_response: return self.conditional_response_app(environ, start_response) headerlist = self._abs_headerlist(environ) start_response(self.status, headerlist) if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD': # Special case here... return EmptyResponse(self._app_iter) return self._app_iter def _abs_headerlist(self, environ): """Returns a headerlist, with the Location header possibly made absolute given the request environ. """ headerlist = list(self.headerlist) for i, (name, value) in enumerate(headerlist): if name.lower() == 'location': if SCHEME_RE.search(value): break new_location = urlparse.urljoin(_request_uri(environ), value) headerlist[i] = (name, new_location) break return headerlist _safe_methods = ('GET', 'HEAD') def conditional_response_app(self, environ, start_response): """ Like the normal __call__ interface, but checks conditional headers: * If-Modified-Since (304 Not Modified; only on GET, HEAD) * If-None-Match (304 Not Modified; only on GET, HEAD) * Range (406 Partial Content; only on GET, HEAD) """ req = BaseRequest(environ) headerlist = self._abs_headerlist(environ) method = environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET') if method in self._safe_methods: status304 = False if req.if_none_match and self.etag: status304 = self.etag in req.if_none_match elif req.if_modified_since and self.last_modified: status304 = self.last_modified <= req.if_modified_since if status304: start_response('304 Not Modified', filter_headers(headerlist)) return EmptyResponse(self._app_iter) if (req.range and self in req.if_range and self.content_range is None and method in ('HEAD', 'GET') and self.status_code == 200 and self.content_length is not None ): content_range = req.range.content_range(self.content_length) if content_range is None: iter_close(self._app_iter) body = bytes_("Requested range not satisfiable: %s" % req.range) headerlist = [ ('Content-Length', str(len(body))), ('Content-Range', str(ContentRange(None, None, self.content_length))), ('Content-Type', 'text/plain'), ] + filter_headers(headerlist) start_response('416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable', headerlist) if method == 'HEAD': return () return [body] else: app_iter = self.app_iter_range(content_range.start, content_range.stop) if app_iter is not None: # the following should be guaranteed by # Range.range_for_length(length) assert content_range.start is not None headerlist = [ ('Content-Length', str(content_range.stop - content_range.start)), ('Content-Range', str(content_range)), ] + filter_headers(headerlist, ('content-length',)) start_response('206 Partial Content', headerlist) if method == 'HEAD': return EmptyResponse(app_iter) return app_iter start_response(self.status, headerlist) if method == 'HEAD': return EmptyResponse(self._app_iter) return self._app_iter def app_iter_range(self, start, stop): """ Return a new app_iter built from the response app_iter, that serves up only the given ``start:stop`` range. """ app_iter = self._app_iter if hasattr(app_iter, 'app_iter_range'): return app_iter.app_iter_range(start, stop) return AppIterRange(app_iter, start, stop) def filter_headers(hlist, remove_headers=('content-length', 'content-type')): return [h for h in hlist if (h[0].lower() not in remove_headers)] def iter_file(file, block_size=1<<18): # 256Kb while True: data = file.read(block_size) if not data: break yield data class ResponseBodyFile(object): mode = 'wb' closed = False def __init__(self, response): self.response = response self.write = response.write def __repr__(self): return '<body_file for %r>' % self.response encoding = property( lambda self: self.response.charset, doc="The encoding of the file (inherited from response.charset)" ) def writelines(self, seq): for item in seq: self.write(item) def close(self): raise NotImplementedError("Response bodies cannot be closed") def flush(self): pass class AppIterRange(object): """ Wraps an app_iter, returning just a range of bytes """ def __init__(self, app_iter, start, stop): assert start >= 0, "Bad start: %r" % start assert stop is None or (stop >= 0 and stop >= start), ( "Bad stop: %r" % stop) self.app_iter = iter(app_iter) self._pos = 0 # position in app_iter self.start = start self.stop = stop def __iter__(self): return self def _skip_start(self): start, stop = self.start, self.stop for chunk in self.app_iter: self._pos += len(chunk) if self._pos < start: continue elif self._pos == start: return b'' else: chunk = chunk[start-self._pos:] if stop is not None and self._pos > stop: chunk = chunk[:stop-self._pos] assert len(chunk) == stop - start return chunk else: raise StopIteration() def next(self): if self._pos < self.start: # need to skip some leading bytes return self._skip_start() stop = self.stop if stop is not None and self._pos >= stop: raise StopIteration chunk = next(self.app_iter) self._pos += len(chunk) if stop is None or self._pos <= stop: return chunk else: return chunk[:stop-self._pos] __next__ = next # py3 def close(self): iter_close(self.app_iter) class EmptyResponse(object): """An empty WSGI response. An iterator that immediately stops. Optionally provides a close method to close an underlying app_iter it replaces. """ def __init__(self, app_iter=None): if app_iter and hasattr(app_iter, 'close'): self.close = app_iter.close def __iter__(self): return self def __len__(self): return 0 def next(self): raise StopIteration() __next__ = next # py3 def _request_uri(environ): """Like wsgiref.url.request_uri, except eliminates :80 ports Return the full request URI""" url = environ['wsgi.url_scheme']+'://' if environ.get('HTTP_HOST'): url += environ['HTTP_HOST'] else: url += environ['SERVER_NAME'] + ':' + environ['SERVER_PORT'] if url.endswith(':80') and environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'http': url = url[:-3] elif url.endswith(':443') and environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https': url = url[:-4] if PY3: # pragma: no cover script_name = bytes_(environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '/'), 'latin-1') path_info = bytes_(environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''), 'latin-1') else: script_name = environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '/') path_info = environ.get('PATH_INFO', '') url += url_quote(script_name) qpath_info = url_quote(path_info) if not 'SCRIPT_NAME' in environ: url += qpath_info[1:] else: url += qpath_info return url def iter_close(iter): if hasattr(iter, 'close'): iter.close() def gzip_app_iter(app_iter): size = 0 crc = zlib.crc32(b"") & 0xffffffff compress = zlib.compressobj(9, zlib.DEFLATED, -zlib.MAX_WBITS, zlib.DEF_MEM_LEVEL, 0) yield _gzip_header for item in app_iter: size += len(item) crc = zlib.crc32(item, crc) & 0xffffffff yield compress.compress(item) yield compress.flush() yield struct.pack("<2L", crc, size & 0xffffffff) def _error_unicode_in_app_iter(app_iter, body): app_iter_repr = repr(app_iter) if len(app_iter_repr) > 50: app_iter_repr = ( app_iter_repr[:30] + '...' + app_iter_repr[-10:]) raise TypeError( 'An item of the app_iter (%s) was text, causing a ' 'text body: %r' % (app_iter_repr, body))
Python
""" Represents the Cache-Control header """ import re class UpdateDict(dict): """ Dict that has a callback on all updates """ # these are declared as class attributes so that # we don't need to override constructor just to # set some defaults updated = None updated_args = None def _updated(self): """ Assign to new_dict.updated to track updates """ updated = self.updated if updated is not None: args = self.updated_args if args is None: args = (self,) updated(*args) def __setitem__(self, key, item): dict.__setitem__(self, key, item) self._updated() def __delitem__(self, key): dict.__delitem__(self, key) self._updated() def clear(self): dict.clear(self) self._updated() def update(self, *args, **kw): dict.update(self, *args, **kw) self._updated() def setdefault(self, key, value=None): val = dict.setdefault(self, key, value) if val is value: self._updated() return val def pop(self, *args): v = dict.pop(self, *args) self._updated() return v def popitem(self): v = dict.popitem(self) self._updated() return v token_re = re.compile( r'([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_-]*)\s*(?:=(?:"([^"]*)"|([^ \t",;]*)))?') need_quote_re = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]') class exists_property(object): """ Represents a property that either is listed in the Cache-Control header, or is not listed (has no value) """ def __init__(self, prop, type=None): self.prop = prop self.type = type def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: return self return self.prop in obj.properties def __set__(self, obj, value): if (self.type is not None and self.type != obj.type): raise AttributeError( "The property %s only applies to %s Cache-Control" % ( self.prop, self.type)) if value: obj.properties[self.prop] = None else: if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] def __delete__(self, obj): self.__set__(obj, False) class value_property(object): """ Represents a property that has a value in the Cache-Control header. When no value is actually given, the value of self.none is returned. """ def __init__(self, prop, default=None, none=None, type=None): self.prop = prop self.default = default self.none = none self.type = type def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: return self if self.prop in obj.properties: value = obj.properties[self.prop] if value is None: return self.none else: return value else: return self.default def __set__(self, obj, value): if (self.type is not None and self.type != obj.type): raise AttributeError( "The property %s only applies to %s Cache-Control" % ( self.prop, self.type)) if value == self.default: if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] elif value is True: obj.properties[self.prop] = None # Empty value, but present else: obj.properties[self.prop] = value def __delete__(self, obj): if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] class CacheControl(object): """ Represents the Cache-Control header. By giving a type of ``'request'`` or ``'response'`` you can control what attributes are allowed (some Cache-Control values only apply to requests or responses). """ update_dict = UpdateDict def __init__(self, properties, type): self.properties = properties self.type = type @classmethod def parse(cls, header, updates_to=None, type=None): """ Parse the header, returning a CacheControl object. The object is bound to the request or response object ``updates_to``, if that is given. """ if updates_to: props = cls.update_dict() props.updated = updates_to else: props = {} for match in token_re.finditer(header): name = match.group(1) value = match.group(2) or match.group(3) or None if value: try: value = int(value) except ValueError: pass props[name] = value obj = cls(props, type=type) if updates_to: props.updated_args = (obj,) return obj def __repr__(self): return '<CacheControl %r>' % str(self) # Request values: # no-cache shared (below) # no-store shared (below) # max-age shared (below) max_stale = value_property('max-stale', none='*', type='request') min_fresh = value_property('min-fresh', type='request') # no-transform shared (below) only_if_cached = exists_property('only-if-cached', type='request') # Response values: public = exists_property('public', type='response') private = value_property('private', none='*', type='response') no_cache = value_property('no-cache', none='*') no_store = exists_property('no-store') no_transform = exists_property('no-transform') must_revalidate = exists_property('must-revalidate', type='response') proxy_revalidate = exists_property('proxy-revalidate', type='response') max_age = value_property('max-age', none=-1) s_maxage = value_property('s-maxage', type='response') s_max_age = s_maxage def __str__(self): return serialize_cache_control(self.properties) def copy(self): """ Returns a copy of this object. """ return self.__class__(self.properties.copy(), type=self.type) def serialize_cache_control(properties): if isinstance(properties, CacheControl): properties = properties.properties parts = [] for name, value in sorted(properties.items()): if value is None: parts.append(name) continue value = str(value) if need_quote_re.search(value): value = '"%s"' % value parts.append('%s=%s' % (name, value)) return ', '.join(parts)
Python
# code stolen from "six" import sys import types # True if we are running on Python 3. PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3 if PY3: # pragma: no cover string_types = str, integer_types = int, class_types = type, text_type = str long = int else: string_types = basestring, integer_types = (int, long) class_types = (type, types.ClassType) text_type = unicode long = long # TODO check if errors is ever used def text_(s, encoding='latin-1', errors='strict'): if isinstance(s, bytes): return s.decode(encoding, errors) return s def bytes_(s, encoding='latin-1', errors='strict'): if isinstance(s, text_type): return s.encode(encoding, errors) return s if PY3: # pragma: no cover def native_(s, encoding='latin-1', errors='strict'): if isinstance(s, text_type): return s return str(s, encoding, errors) else: def native_(s, encoding='latin-1', errors='strict'): if isinstance(s, text_type): return s.encode(encoding, errors) return str(s) try: from queue import Queue, Empty except ImportError: from Queue import Queue, Empty if PY3: # pragma: no cover from urllib import parse urlparse = parse from urllib.parse import quote as url_quote from urllib.parse import urlencode as url_encode, quote_plus from urllib.request import urlopen as url_open else: import urlparse from urllib import quote_plus from urllib import quote as url_quote from urllib import unquote as url_unquote from urllib import urlencode as url_encode from urllib2 import urlopen as url_open if PY3: # pragma: no cover def reraise(exc_info): etype, exc, tb = exc_info if exc.__traceback__ is not tb: raise exc.with_traceback(tb) raise exc else: # pragma: no cover exec("def reraise(exc): raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2]") if PY3: # pragma: no cover def iteritems_(d): return d.items() def itervalues_(d): return d.values() else: def iteritems_(d): return d.iteritems() def itervalues_(d): return d.itervalues() if PY3: # pragma: no cover def unquote(string): if not string: return b'' res = string.split(b'%') if len(res) != 1: string = res[0] for item in res[1:]: try: string += bytes([int(item[:2], 16)]) + item[2:] except ValueError: string += b'%' + item return string def url_unquote(s): return unquote(s.encode('ascii')).decode('latin-1') def parse_qsl_text(qs, encoding='utf-8'): qs = qs.encode('latin-1') qs = qs.replace(b'+', b' ') pairs = [s2 for s1 in qs.split(b'&') for s2 in s1.split(b';') if s2] for name_value in pairs: nv = name_value.split(b'=', 1) if len(nv) != 2: nv.append('') name = unquote(nv[0]) value = unquote(nv[1]) yield (name.decode(encoding), value.decode(encoding)) else: from urlparse import parse_qsl def parse_qsl_text(qs, encoding='utf-8'): qsl = parse_qsl( qs, keep_blank_values=True, strict_parsing=False ) for (x, y) in qsl: yield (x.decode(encoding), y.decode(encoding)) if PY3: # pragma no cover from html import escape else: from cgi import escape
Python
# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste # (http://pythonpaste.org) Licensed under the MIT license: # http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """ Gives a multi-value dictionary object (MultiDict) plus several wrappers """ from collections import MutableMapping import warnings from webob.compat import ( PY3, iteritems_, itervalues_, url_encode, ) __all__ = ['MultiDict', 'NestedMultiDict', 'NoVars', 'GetDict'] class MultiDict(MutableMapping): """ An ordered dictionary that can have multiple values for each key. Adds the methods getall, getone, mixed and extend and add to the normal dictionary interface. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kw): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError("MultiDict can only be called with one positional " "argument") if args: if hasattr(args[0], 'iteritems'): items = list(args[0].iteritems()) elif hasattr(args[0], 'items'): items = list(args[0].items()) else: items = list(args[0]) self._items = items else: self._items = [] if kw: self._items.extend(kw.items()) @classmethod def view_list(cls, lst): """ Create a dict that is a view on the given list """ if not isinstance(lst, list): raise TypeError( "%s.view_list(obj) takes only actual list objects, not %r" % (cls.__name__, lst)) obj = cls() obj._items = lst return obj @classmethod def from_fieldstorage(cls, fs): """ Create a dict from a cgi.FieldStorage instance """ obj = cls() # fs.list can be None when there's nothing to parse for field in fs.list or (): charset = field.type_options.get('charset', 'utf8') if PY3: # pragma: no cover if charset == 'utf8': decode = lambda b: b else: decode = lambda b: b.encode('utf8').decode(charset) else: decode = lambda b: b.decode(charset) field.name = decode(field.name) if field.filename: field.filename = decode(field.filename) obj.add(field.name, field) else: obj.add(field.name, decode(field.value)) return obj def __getitem__(self, key): for k, v in reversed(self._items): if k == key: return v raise KeyError(key) def __setitem__(self, key, value): try: del self[key] except KeyError: pass self._items.append((key, value)) def add(self, key, value): """ Add the key and value, not overwriting any previous value. """ self._items.append((key, value)) def getall(self, key): """ Return a list of all values matching the key (may be an empty list) """ result = [] for k, v in self._items: if key == k: result.append(v) return result def getone(self, key): """ Get one value matching the key, raising a KeyError if multiple values were found. """ v = self.getall(key) if not v: raise KeyError('Key not found: %r' % key) if len(v) > 1: raise KeyError('Multiple values match %r: %r' % (key, v)) return v[0] def mixed(self): """ Returns a dictionary where the values are either single values, or a list of values when a key/value appears more than once in this dictionary. This is similar to the kind of dictionary often used to represent the variables in a web request. """ result = {} multi = {} for key, value in self.items(): if key in result: # We do this to not clobber any lists that are # *actual* values in this dictionary: if key in multi: result[key].append(value) else: result[key] = [result[key], value] multi[key] = None else: result[key] = value return result def dict_of_lists(self): """ Returns a dictionary where each key is associated with a list of values. """ r = {} for key, val in self.items(): r.setdefault(key, []).append(val) return r def __delitem__(self, key): items = self._items found = False for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0] == key: del items[i] found = True if not found: raise KeyError(key) def __contains__(self, key): for k, v in self._items: if k == key: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def clear(self): del self._items[:] def copy(self): return self.__class__(self) def setdefault(self, key, default=None): for k, v in self._items: if key == k: return v self._items.append((key, default)) return default def pop(self, key, *args): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError("pop expected at most 2 arguments, got %s" % repr(1 + len(args))) for i in range(len(self._items)): if self._items[i][0] == key: v = self._items[i][1] del self._items[i] return v if args: return args[0] else: raise KeyError(key) def popitem(self): return self._items.pop() def update(self, *args, **kw): if args: lst = args[0] if len(lst) != len(dict(lst)): # this does not catch the cases where we overwrite existing # keys, but those would produce too many warning msg = ("Behavior of MultiDict.update() has changed " "and overwrites duplicate keys. Consider using .extend()" ) warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning, stacklevel=2) MutableMapping.update(self, *args, **kw) def extend(self, other=None, **kwargs): if other is None: pass elif hasattr(other, 'items'): self._items.extend(other.items()) elif hasattr(other, 'keys'): for k in other.keys(): self._items.append((k, other[k])) else: for k, v in other: self._items.append((k, v)) if kwargs: self.update(kwargs) def __repr__(self): items = map('(%r, %r)'.__mod__, _hide_passwd(self.items())) return '%s([%s])' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(items)) def __len__(self): return len(self._items) ## ## All the iteration: ## def iterkeys(self): for k, v in self._items: yield k if PY3: # pragma: no cover keys = iterkeys else: def keys(self): return [k for k, v in self._items] __iter__ = iterkeys def iteritems(self): return iter(self._items) if PY3: # pragma: no cover items = iteritems else: def items(self): return self._items[:] def itervalues(self): for k, v in self._items: yield v if PY3: # pragma: no cover values = itervalues else: def values(self): return [v for k, v in self._items] _dummy = object() class GetDict(MultiDict): # def __init__(self, data, tracker, encoding, errors): # d = lambda b: b.decode(encoding, errors) # data = [(d(k), d(v)) for k,v in data] def __init__(self, data, env): self.env = env MultiDict.__init__(self, data) def on_change(self): e = lambda t: t.encode('utf8') data = [(e(k), e(v)) for k,v in self.items()] qs = url_encode(data) self.env['QUERY_STRING'] = qs self.env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] = (self, qs) def __setitem__(self, key, value): MultiDict.__setitem__(self, key, value) self.on_change() def add(self, key, value): MultiDict.add(self, key, value) self.on_change() def __delitem__(self, key): MultiDict.__delitem__(self, key) self.on_change() def clear(self): MultiDict.clear(self) self.on_change() def setdefault(self, key, default=None): result = MultiDict.setdefault(self, key, default) self.on_change() return result def pop(self, key, *args): result = MultiDict.pop(self, key, *args) self.on_change() return result def popitem(self): result = MultiDict.popitem(self) self.on_change() return result def update(self, *args, **kwargs): MultiDict.update(self, *args, **kwargs) self.on_change() def __repr__(self): items = map('(%r, %r)'.__mod__, _hide_passwd(self.items())) # TODO: GET -> GetDict return 'GET([%s])' % (', '.join(items)) def copy(self): # Copies shouldn't be tracked return MultiDict(self) class NestedMultiDict(MultiDict): """ Wraps several MultiDict objects, treating it as one large MultiDict """ def __init__(self, *dicts): self.dicts = dicts def __getitem__(self, key): for d in self.dicts: value = d.get(key, _dummy) if value is not _dummy: return value raise KeyError(key) def _readonly(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("NestedMultiDict objects are read-only") __setitem__ = _readonly add = _readonly __delitem__ = _readonly clear = _readonly setdefault = _readonly pop = _readonly popitem = _readonly update = _readonly def getall(self, key): result = [] for d in self.dicts: result.extend(d.getall(key)) return result # Inherited: # getone # mixed # dict_of_lists def copy(self): return MultiDict(self) def __contains__(self, key): for d in self.dicts: if key in d: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def __len__(self): v = 0 for d in self.dicts: v += len(d) return v def __nonzero__(self): for d in self.dicts: if d: return True return False def iteritems(self): for d in self.dicts: for item in iteritems_(d): yield item if PY3: # pragma: no cover items = iteritems else: def items(self): return list(self.iteritems()) def itervalues(self): for d in self.dicts: for value in itervalues_(d): yield value if PY3: # pragma: no cover values = itervalues else: def values(self): return list(self.itervalues()) def __iter__(self): for d in self.dicts: for key in d: yield key iterkeys = __iter__ if PY3: # pragma: no cover keys = iterkeys else: def keys(self): return list(self.iterkeys()) class NoVars(object): """ Represents no variables; used when no variables are applicable. This is read-only """ def __init__(self, reason=None): self.reason = reason or 'N/A' def __getitem__(self, key): raise KeyError("No key %r: %s" % (key, self.reason)) def __setitem__(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("Cannot add variables: %s" % self.reason) add = __setitem__ setdefault = __setitem__ update = __setitem__ def __delitem__(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("No keys to delete: %s" % self.reason) clear = __delitem__ pop = __delitem__ popitem = __delitem__ def get(self, key, default=None): return default def getall(self, key): return [] def getone(self, key): return self[key] def mixed(self): return {} dict_of_lists = mixed def __contains__(self, key): return False has_key = __contains__ def copy(self): return self def __repr__(self): return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.reason) def __len__(self): return 0 def __cmp__(self, other): return cmp({}, other) def iterkeys(self): return iter([]) if PY3: # pragma: no cover keys = iterkeys items = iterkeys values = iterkeys else: def keys(self): return [] items = keys values = keys itervalues = iterkeys iteritems = iterkeys __iter__ = iterkeys def _hide_passwd(items): for k, v in items: if ('password' in k or 'passwd' in k or 'pwd' in k ): yield k, '******' else: yield k, v
Python
""" Does parsing of ETag-related headers: If-None-Matches, If-Matches Also If-Range parsing """ from webob.datetime_utils import ( parse_date, serialize_date, ) from webob.descriptors import _rx_etag from webob.util import ( header_docstring, warn_deprecation, ) __all__ = ['AnyETag', 'NoETag', 'ETagMatcher', 'IfRange', 'etag_property'] def etag_property(key, default, rfc_section, strong=True): doc = header_docstring(key, rfc_section) doc += " Converts it as a Etag." def fget(req): value = req.environ.get(key) if not value: return default else: return ETagMatcher.parse(value, strong=strong) def fset(req, val): if val is None: req.environ[key] = None else: req.environ[key] = str(val) def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc=doc) def _warn_weak_match_deprecated(): warn_deprecation("weak_match is deprecated", '1.2', 3) def _warn_if_range_match_deprecated(*args, **kw): # pragma: no cover raise DeprecationWarning("IfRange.match[_response] API is deprecated") class _AnyETag(object): """ Represents an ETag of *, or a missing ETag when matching is 'safe' """ def __repr__(self): return '<ETag *>' def __nonzero__(self): return False __bool__ = __nonzero__ # python 3 def __contains__(self, other): return True def weak_match(self, other): _warn_weak_match_deprecated() def __str__(self): return '*' AnyETag = _AnyETag() class _NoETag(object): """ Represents a missing ETag when matching is unsafe """ def __repr__(self): return '<No ETag>' def __nonzero__(self): return False __bool__ = __nonzero__ # python 3 def __contains__(self, other): return False def weak_match(self, other): # pragma: no cover _warn_weak_match_deprecated() def __str__(self): return '' NoETag = _NoETag() # TODO: convert into a simple tuple class ETagMatcher(object): def __init__(self, etags): self.etags = etags def __contains__(self, other): return other in self.etags def weak_match(self, other): # pragma: no cover _warn_weak_match_deprecated() def __repr__(self): return '<ETag %s>' % (' or '.join(self.etags)) @classmethod def parse(cls, value, strong=True): """ Parse this from a header value """ if value == '*': return AnyETag if not value: return cls([]) matches = _rx_etag.findall(value) if not matches: return cls([value]) elif strong: return cls([t for w,t in matches if not w]) else: return cls([t for w,t in matches]) def __str__(self): return ', '.join(map('"%s"'.__mod__, self.etags)) class IfRange(object): def __init__(self, etag): self.etag = etag @classmethod def parse(cls, value): """ Parse this from a header value. """ if not value: return cls(AnyETag) elif value.endswith(' GMT'): # Must be a date return IfRangeDate(parse_date(value)) else: return cls(ETagMatcher.parse(value)) def __contains__(self, resp): """ Return True if the If-Range header matches the given etag or last_modified """ return resp.etag_strong in self.etag def __nonzero__(self): return bool(self.etag) def __repr__(self): return '%s(%r)' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.etag ) def __str__(self): return str(self.etag) if self.etag else '' match = match_response = _warn_if_range_match_deprecated __bool__ = __nonzero__ # python 3 class IfRangeDate(object): def __init__(self, date): self.date = date def __contains__(self, resp): last_modified = resp.last_modified #if isinstance(last_modified, str): # last_modified = parse_date(last_modified) return last_modified and (last_modified <= self.date) def __repr__(self): return '%s(%r)' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.date #serialize_date(self.date) ) def __str__(self): return serialize_date(self.date) match = match_response = _warn_if_range_match_deprecated
Python
# A reaction to: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/552751 from webob import Request, Response from webob import exc from simplejson import loads, dumps import traceback import sys class JsonRpcApp(object): """ Serve the given object via json-rpc (http://json-rpc.org/) """ def __init__(self, obj): self.obj = obj def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) try: resp = self.process(req) except ValueError, e: resp = exc.HTTPBadRequest(str(e)) except exc.HTTPException, e: resp = e return resp(environ, start_response) def process(self, req): if not req.method == 'POST': raise exc.HTTPMethodNotAllowed( "Only POST allowed", allowed='POST').exception try: json = loads(req.body) except ValueError, e: raise ValueError('Bad JSON: %s' % e) try: method = json['method'] params = json['params'] id = json['id'] except KeyError, e: raise ValueError( "JSON body missing parameter: %s" % e) if method.startswith('_'): raise exc.HTTPForbidden( "Bad method name %s: must not start with _" % method).exception if not isinstance(params, list): raise ValueError( "Bad params %r: must be a list" % params) try: method = getattr(self.obj, method) except AttributeError: raise ValueError( "No such method %s" % method) try: result = method(*params) except: text = traceback.format_exc() exc_value = sys.exc_info()[1] error_value = dict( name='JSONRPCError', code=100, message=str(exc_value), error=text) return Response( status=500, content_type='application/json', body=dumps(dict(result=None, error=error_value, id=id))) return Response( content_type='application/json', body=dumps(dict(result=result, error=None, id=id))) class ServerProxy(object): """ JSON proxy to a remote service. """ def __init__(self, url, proxy=None): self._url = url if proxy is None: from wsgiproxy.exactproxy import proxy_exact_request proxy = proxy_exact_request self.proxy = proxy def __getattr__(self, name): if name.startswith('_'): raise AttributeError(name) return _Method(self, name) def __repr__(self): return '<%s for %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self._url) class _Method(object): def __init__(self, parent, name): self.parent = parent self.name = name def __call__(self, *args): json = dict(method=self.name, id=None, params=list(args)) req = Request.blank(self.parent._url) req.method = 'POST' req.content_type = 'application/json' req.body = dumps(json) resp = req.get_response(self.parent.proxy) if resp.status_int != 200 and not ( resp.status_int == 500 and resp.content_type == 'application/json'): raise ProxyError( "Error from JSON-RPC client %s: %s" % (self.parent._url, resp.status), resp) json = loads(resp.body) if json.get('error') is not None: e = Fault( json['error'].get('message'), json['error'].get('code'), json['error'].get('error'), resp) raise e return json['result'] class ProxyError(Exception): """ Raised when a request via ServerProxy breaks """ def __init__(self, message, response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.response = response class Fault(Exception): """ Raised when there is a remote error """ def __init__(self, message, code, error, response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.code = code self.error = error self.response = response def __str__(self): return 'Method error calling %s: %s\n%s' % ( self.response.request.url, self.args[0], self.error) class DemoObject(object): """ Something interesting to attach to """ def add(self, *args): return sum(args) def average(self, *args): return sum(args) / float(len(args)) def divide(self, a, b): return a / b def make_app(expr): module, expression = expr.split(':', 1) __import__(module) module = sys.modules[module] obj = eval(expression, module.__dict__) return JsonRpcApp(obj) def main(args=None): import optparse from wsgiref import simple_server parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog [OPTIONS] MODULE:EXPRESSION') parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '-H', '--host', default='127.0.0.1', help='Host to serve on (default localhost; 0.0.0.0 to make public)') options, args = parser.parse_args() if not args or len(args) > 1: print 'You must give a single object reference' parser.print_help() sys.exit(2) app = make_app(args[0]) server = simple_server.make_server(options.host, int(options.port), app) print 'Serving on http://%s:%s' % (options.host, options.port) server.serve_forever() # Try python jsonrpc.py 'jsonrpc:DemoObject()' if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Python
import os import urllib import time import re from cPickle import load, dump from webob import Request, Response, html_escape from webob import exc class Commenter(object): def __init__(self, app, storage_dir): self.app = app self.storage_dir = storage_dir if not os.path.exists(storage_dir): os.makedirs(storage_dir) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) if req.path_info_peek() == '.comments': return self.process_comment(req)(environ, start_response) # This is the base path of *this* middleware: base_url = req.application_url resp = req.get_response(self.app) if resp.content_type != 'text/html' or resp.status_int != 200: # Not an HTML response, we don't want to # do anything to it return resp(environ, start_response) # Make sure the content isn't gzipped: resp.decode_content() comments = self.get_data(req.url) body = resp.body body = self.add_to_end(body, self.format_comments(comments)) body = self.add_to_end(body, self.submit_form(base_url, req)) resp.body = body return resp(environ, start_response) def get_data(self, url): # Double-quoting makes the filename safe filename = self.url_filename(url) if not os.path.exists(filename): return [] else: f = open(filename, 'rb') data = load(f) f.close() return data def save_data(self, url, data): filename = self.url_filename(url) f = open(filename, 'wb') dump(data, f) f.close() def url_filename(self, url): return os.path.join(self.storage_dir, urllib.quote(url, '')) _end_body_re = re.compile(r'</body.*?>', re.I|re.S) def add_to_end(self, html, extra_html): """ Adds extra_html to the end of the html page (before </body>) """ match = self._end_body_re.search(html) if not match: return html + extra_html else: return html[:match.start()] + extra_html + html[match.start():] def format_comments(self, comments): if not comments: return '' text = [] text.append('<hr>') text.append('<h2><a name="comment-area"></a>Comments (%s):</h2>' % len(comments)) for comment in comments: text.append('<h3><a href="%s">%s</a> at %s:</h3>' % ( html_escape(comment['homepage']), html_escape(comment['name']), time.strftime('%c', comment['time']))) # Susceptible to XSS attacks!: text.append(comment['comments']) return ''.join(text) def submit_form(self, base_path, req): return '''<h2>Leave a comment:</h2> <form action="%s/.comments" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="%s"> <table width="100%%"> <tr><td>Name:</td> <td><input type="text" name="name" style="width: 100%%"></td></tr> <tr><td>URL:</td> <td><input type="text" name="homepage" style="width: 100%%"></td></tr> </table> Comments:<br> <textarea name="comments" rows=10 style="width: 100%%"></textarea><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit comment"> </form> ''' % (base_path, html_escape(req.url)) def process_comment(self, req): try: url = req.params['url'] name = req.params['name'] homepage = req.params['homepage'] comments = req.params['comments'] except KeyError, e: resp = exc.HTTPBadRequest('Missing parameter: %s' % e) return resp data = self.get_data(url) data.append(dict( name=name, homepage=homepage, comments=comments, time=time.gmtime())) self.save_data(url, data) resp = exc.HTTPSeeOther(location=url+'#comment-area') return resp if __name__ == '__main__': import optparse parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog --port=PORT BASE_DIRECTORY' ) parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', dest='port', type='int', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '--comment-data', default='./comments', dest='comment_data', help='Place to put comment data into (default ./comments/)') options, args = parser.parse_args() if not args: parser.error('You must give a BASE_DIRECTORY') base_dir = args[0] from paste.urlparser import StaticURLParser app = StaticURLParser(base_dir) app = Commenter(app, options.comment_data) from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server httpd = make_server('localhost', options.port, app) print 'Serving on http://localhost:%s' % options.port try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print '^C'
Python
import os import re from webob import Request, Response from webob import exc from tempita import HTMLTemplate VIEW_TEMPLATE = HTMLTemplate("""\ <html> <head> <title>{{page.title}}</title> </head> <body> <h1>{{page.title}}</h1> {{if message}} <div style="background-color: #99f">{{message}}</div> {{endif}} <div>{{page.content|html}}</div> <hr> <a href="{{req.url}}?action=edit">Edit</a> </body> </html> """) EDIT_TEMPLATE = HTMLTemplate("""\ <html> <head> <title>Edit: {{page.title}}</title> </head> <body> {{if page.exists}} <h1>Edit: {{page.title}}</h1> {{else}} <h1>Create: {{page.title}}</h1> {{endif}} <form action="{{req.path_url}}" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="mtime" value="{{page.mtime}}"> Title: <input type="text" name="title" style="width: 70%" value="{{page.title}}"><br> Content: <input type="submit" value="Save"> <a href="{{req.path_url}}">Cancel</a> <br> <textarea name="content" style="width: 100%; height: 75%" rows="40">{{page.content}}</textarea> <br> <input type="submit" value="Save"> <a href="{{req.path_url}}">Cancel</a> </form> </body></html> """) class WikiApp(object): view_template = VIEW_TEMPLATE edit_template = EDIT_TEMPLATE def __init__(self, storage_dir): self.storage_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(storage_dir)) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) action = req.params.get('action', 'view') page = self.get_page(req.path_info) try: try: meth = getattr(self, 'action_%s_%s' % (action, req.method)) except AttributeError: raise exc.HTTPBadRequest('No such action %r' % action).exception resp = meth(req, page) except exc.HTTPException, e: resp = e return resp(environ, start_response) def get_page(self, path): path = path.lstrip('/') if not path: path = 'index' path = os.path.join(self.storage_dir, path) path = os.path.normpath(path) if path.endswith('/'): path += 'index' if not path.startswith(self.storage_dir): raise exc.HTTPBadRequest("Bad path").exception path += '.html' return Page(path) def action_view_GET(self, req, page): if not page.exists: return exc.HTTPTemporaryRedirect( location=req.url + '?action=edit') if req.cookies.get('message'): message = req.cookies['message'] else: message = None text = self.view_template.substitute( page=page, req=req, message=message) resp = Response(text) if message: resp.delete_cookie('message') else: resp.last_modified = page.mtime resp.conditional_response = True return resp def action_view_POST(self, req, page): submit_mtime = int(req.params.get('mtime') or '0') or None if page.mtime != submit_mtime: return exc.HTTPPreconditionFailed( "The page has been updated since you started editing it") page.set( title=req.params['title'], content=req.params['content']) resp = exc.HTTPSeeOther( location=req.path_url) resp.set_cookie('message', 'Page updated') return resp def action_edit_GET(self, req, page): text = self.edit_template.substitute( page=page, req=req) return Response(text) class Page(object): def __init__(self, filename): self.filename = filename @property def exists(self): return os.path.exists(self.filename) @property def title(self): if not self.exists: # we need to guess the title basename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.filename))[0] basename = re.sub(r'[_-]', ' ', basename) return basename.capitalize() content = self.full_content match = re.search(r'<title>(.*?)</title>', content, re.I|re.S) return match.group(1) @property def full_content(self): f = open(self.filename, 'rb') try: return f.read() finally: f.close() @property def content(self): if not self.exists: return '' content = self.full_content match = re.search(r'<body[^>]*>(.*?)</body>', content, re.I|re.S) return match.group(1) @property def mtime(self): if not self.exists: return None else: return os.stat(self.filename).st_mtime def set(self, title, content): dir = os.path.dirname(self.filename) if not os.path.exists(dir): os.makedirs(dir) new_content = """<html><head><title>%s</title></head><body>%s</body></html>""" % ( title, content) f = open(self.filename, 'wb') f.write(new_content) f.close() if __name__ == '__main__': import optparse parser = optparse.OptionParser( usage='%prog --port=PORT' ) parser.add_option( '-p', '--port', default='8080', dest='port', type='int', help='Port to serve on (default 8080)') parser.add_option( '--wiki-data', default='./wiki', dest='wiki_data', help='Place to put wiki data into (default ./wiki/)') options, args = parser.parse_args() print 'Writing wiki pages to %s' % options.wiki_data app = WikiApp(options.wiki_data) from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server httpd = make_server('localhost', options.port, app) print 'Serving on http://localhost:%s' % options.port try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print '^C'
Python
import unittest import doctest def test_suite(): flags = doctest.ELLIPSIS|doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE return unittest.TestSuite(( doctest.DocFileSuite('test_request.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('test_response.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('test_dec.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('do-it-yourself.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('file-example.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('index.txt', optionflags=flags), doctest.DocFileSuite('reference.txt', optionflags=flags), )) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(defaultTest='test_suite')
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Paste documentation build configuration file, created by # sphinx-quickstart on Tue Apr 22 22:08:49 2008. # # This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir. # # The contents of this file are pickled, so don't put values in the namespace # that aren't pickleable (module imports are okay, they're removed automatically). # # All configuration values have a default value; values that are commented out # serve to show the default value. import sys # If your extensions are in another directory, add it here. #sys.path.append('some/directory') # General configuration # --------------------- # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions # coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones. extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc'] # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. templates_path = ['_templates'] # The suffix of source filenames. source_suffix = '.txt' # The master toctree document. master_doc = 'index' # General substitutions. project = 'WebOb' copyright = '2011, Ian Bicking and contributors' # The default replacements for |version| and |release|, also used in various # other places throughout the built documents. # # The short X.Y version. version = '1.0' # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. release = '1.0.8' # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some # non-false value, then it is used: #today = '' # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call. today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y' # List of documents that shouldn't be included in the build. unused_docs = ['jsonrpc-example-code/test_jsonrpc'] # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. #add_function_parentheses = True # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description # unit titles (such as .. function::). #add_module_names = True # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the # output. They are ignored by default. #show_authors = False # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. pygments_style = 'sphinx' # Options for HTML output # ----------------------- # The style sheet to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. A file of that name # must exist either in Sphinx' static/ path, or in one of the custom paths # given in html_static_path. html_style = 'default.css' # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". html_static_path = ['_static'] # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom, # using the given strftime format. html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y' # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to # typographically correct entities. #html_use_smartypants = True # Content template for the index page. #html_index = '' # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names. #html_sidebars = {} # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to # template names. #html_additional_pages = {} # If false, no module index is generated. #html_use_modindex = True # If true, the reST sources are included in the HTML build as _sources/<name>. #html_copy_source = True # Output file base name for HTML help builder. htmlhelp_basename = 'WebObdoc' # Options for LaTeX output # ------------------------ # The paper size ('letter' or 'a4'). #latex_paper_size = 'letter' # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). #latex_font_size = '10pt' # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples # (source start file, target name, title, author, document class [howto/manual]). #latex_documents = [] # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. #latex_preamble = '' # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. #latex_appendices = [] # If false, no module index is generated. #latex_use_modindex = True
Python
from setuptools import setup version = '1.0.8' setup( name='WebOb', version=version, description="WSGI request and response object", long_description="""\ WebOb provides wrappers around the WSGI request environment, and an object to help create WSGI responses. The objects map much of the specified behavior of HTTP, including header parsing and accessors for other standard parts of the environment. You may install the `in-development version of WebOb <http://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/get/tip.gz#egg=WebOb-dev>`_ with ``pip install WebOb==dev`` (or ``easy_install WebOb==dev``). * `WebOb reference <http://pythonpaste.org/webob/reference.html>`_ * `Bug tracker <https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/issues>`_ * `Browse source code <https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/src>`_ * `Mailing list <http://bit.ly/paste-users>`_ * `Release news <http://pythonpaste.org/webob/news>`_ * `Detailed changelog <https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/changesets>`_ """, classifiers=[ "Development Status :: 6 - Mature", "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: WSGI :: Application", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6", "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7", ], keywords='wsgi request web http', author='Ian Bicking', author_email='ianb@colorstudy.com', maintainer='Sergey Schetinin', maintainer_email='sergey@maluke.com', url='http://pythonpaste.org/webob/', license='MIT', packages=['webob'], zip_safe=True, test_suite='nose.collector', tests_require=['nose', 'WebTest'], )
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python import webob def make_middleware(app): from repoze.profile.profiler import AccumulatingProfileMiddleware return AccumulatingProfileMiddleware( app, log_filename='/tmp/profile.log', discard_first_request=True, flush_at_shutdown=True, path='/__profile__') def simple_app(environ, start_response): resp = webob.Response('Hello world!') return resp(environ, start_response) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys import os import signal if sys.argv[1:]: arg = sys.argv[1] else: arg = None if arg in ['open', 'run']: import subprocess import webbrowser import time os.environ['SHOW_OUTPUT'] = '0' proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, __file__]) time.sleep(1) subprocess.call(['ab', '-n', '1000', 'http://localhost:8080/']) if arg == 'open': webbrowser.open('http://localhost:8080/__profile__') print 'Hit ^C to end' try: while 1: raw_input() finally: os.kill(proc.pid, signal.SIGKILL) else: from paste.httpserver import serve if os.environ.get('SHOW_OUTPUT') != '0': print 'Note you can also use:' print ' %s %s open' % (sys.executable, __file__) print 'to run ab and open a browser (or "run" to just run ab)' print 'Now do:' print 'ab -n 1000 http://localhost:8080/' print 'wget -O - http://localhost:8080/__profile__' serve(make_middleware(simple_app))
Python
#
Python
import os, sys sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) import pkg_resources pkg_resources.require('WebOb')
Python
""" Parses a variety of ``Accept-*`` headers. These headers generally take the form of:: value1; q=0.5, value2; q=0 Where the ``q`` parameter is optional. In theory other parameters exists, but this ignores them. """ import re from webob.util import rfc_reference from webob.headers import _trans_name as header_to_key part_re = re.compile( r',\s*([^\s;,\n]+)(?:[^,]*?;\s*q=([0-9.]*))?') def parse_accept(value): """ Parses an ``Accept-*`` style header. A list of ``[(value, quality), ...]`` is returned. ``quality`` will be 1 if it was not given. """ result = [] for match in part_re.finditer(','+value): name = match.group(1) if name == 'q': continue quality = match.group(2) or '' if not quality: quality = 1 else: try: quality = max(min(float(quality), 1), 0) except ValueError: quality = 1 result.append((name, quality)) return result class Accept(object): """ Represents a generic ``Accept-*`` style header. This object should not be modified. To add items you can use ``accept_obj + 'accept_thing'`` to get a new object """ def __init__(self, header_name, header_value): self.header_name = header_name self.header_value = header_value self._parsed = parse_accept(header_value) if header_name == 'Accept-Charset': for k, v in self._parsed: if k == '*' or k == 'iso-8859-1': break else: self._parsed.append(('iso-8859-1', 1)) elif header_name == 'Accept-Language': self._match = self._match_lang self._parsed_nonzero = [(m,q) for (m,q) in self._parsed if q] def __repr__(self): return '<%s at 0x%x %s: %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), self.header_name, str(self)) def __str__(self): result = [] for mask, quality in self._parsed: if quality != 1: mask = '%s;q=%0.1f' % (mask, quality) result.append(mask) return ', '.join(result) # FIXME: should subtraction be allowed? def __add__(self, other, reversed=False): if isinstance(other, Accept): other = other.header_value if hasattr(other, 'items'): other = sorted(other.items(), key=lambda item: -item[1]) if isinstance(other, (list, tuple)): result = [] for item in other: if isinstance(item, (list, tuple)): name, quality = item result.append('%s; q=%s' % (name, quality)) else: result.append(item) other = ', '.join(result) other = str(other) my_value = self.header_value if reversed: other, my_value = my_value, other if not other: new_value = my_value elif not my_value: new_value = other else: new_value = my_value + ', ' + other return self.__class__(self.header_name, new_value) def __radd__(self, other): return self.__add__(other, True) def __contains__(self, offer): """ Returns true if the given object is listed in the accepted types. """ for mask, quality in self._parsed_nonzero: if self._match(mask, offer): return True def quality(self, offer, modifier=1): """ Return the quality of the given offer. Returns None if there is no match (not 0). """ # FIXME: this does not return best quality, just quality of the first match for mask, quality in self._parsed: if self._match(mask, offer): return quality * modifier return None def first_match(self, offers): """ Returns the first allowed offered type. Ignores quality. Returns the first offered type if nothing else matches; or if you include None at the end of the match list then that will be returned. """ # FIXME: this method is a bad idea and should be deprecated if not offers: raise ValueError("You must pass in a non-empty list") for offer in offers: if offer is None: return None for mask, quality in self._parsed_nonzero: if self._match(mask, offer): return offer return offers[0] def best_match(self, offers, default_match=None): """ Returns the best match in the sequence of offered types. The sequence can be a simple sequence, or you can have ``(match, server_quality)`` items in the sequence. If you have these tuples then the client quality is multiplied by the server_quality to get a total. If two matches have equal weight, then the one that shows up first in the `offers` list will be returned. But among matches with the same quality the match to a more specific requested type will be chosen. For example a match to text/* trumps */*. default_match (default None) is returned if there is no intersection. """ best_quality = -1 best_offer = default_match matched_by = '*/*' for offer in offers: if isinstance(offer, (tuple, list)): offer, server_quality = offer else: server_quality = 1 for mask, quality in self._parsed_nonzero: possible_quality = server_quality * quality if possible_quality < best_quality: continue elif possible_quality == best_quality: # 'text/plain' overrides 'message/*' overrides '*/*' # (if all match w/ the same q=) if matched_by.count('*') <= mask.count('*'): continue if self._match(mask, offer): best_quality = possible_quality best_offer = offer matched_by = mask return best_offer def best_matches(self, fallback=None): """ Return all the matches in order of quality, with fallback (if given) at the end. """ items = [i for i, q in sorted(self._parsed, key=lambda iq: -iq[1])] if fallback: for index, item in enumerate(items): if self._match(item, fallback): items[index:] = [fallback] break else: items.append(fallback) return items def _match(self, mask, offer): _check_offer(offer) return mask == '*' or offer.lower() == mask.lower() def _match_lang(self, mask, item): return (mask == '*' or item.lower() == mask.lower() or item.lower().split('-')[0] == mask.lower() ) class NilAccept(object): """ Represents an Accept header with no value. """ MasterClass = Accept def __init__(self, header_name): self.header_name = header_name def __repr__(self): return '<%s for %s: %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, self.header_name, self.MasterClass) def __str__(self): return '' def __nonzero__(self): return False def __add__(self, item): if isinstance(item, self.MasterClass): return item else: return self.MasterClass(self.header_name, '') + item def __radd__(self, item): if isinstance(item, self.MasterClass): return item else: return item + self.MasterClass(self.header_name, '') def __contains__(self, item): _check_offer(item) return True def quality(self, offer, default_quality=1): return 0 def first_match(self, offers): return offers[0] def best_match(self, offers, default_match=None): best_quality = -1 best_match = default_match for offer in offers: _check_offer(offer) if isinstance(offer, (list, tuple)): offer, quality = offer else: quality = 1 if quality > best_quality: best_offer = offer best_quality = quality return best_offer def best_matches(self, fallback=None): if fallback: return [fallback] else: return [] class NoAccept(NilAccept): def __contains__(self, item): return False class MIMEAccept(Accept): """ Represents the ``Accept`` header, which is a list of mimetypes. This class knows about mime wildcards, like ``image/*`` """ def __init__(self, header_name, header_value): Accept.__init__(self, header_name, header_value) parsed = [] for mask, q in self._parsed: try: mask_major, mask_minor = mask.split('/') except ValueError: continue if mask_major == '*' and mask_minor != '*': continue parsed.append((mask, q)) self._parsed = parsed def accept_html(self): """ Returns true if any HTML-like type is accepted """ return ('text/html' in self or 'application/xhtml+xml' in self or 'application/xml' in self or 'text/xml' in self) accepts_html = property(accept_html) # note the plural def _match(self, mask, offer): """ Check if the offer is covered by the mask """ _check_offer(offer) if '*' not in mask: return offer == mask elif mask == '*/*': return True else: assert mask.endswith('/*') mask_major = mask[:-2] offer_major = offer.split('/', 1)[0] return offer_major == mask_major class MIMENilAccept(NilAccept): MasterClass = MIMEAccept def _check_offer(offer): if '*' in offer: raise ValueError("The application should offer specific types, got %r" % offer) def accept_property(header, rfc_section, AcceptClass=Accept, NilClass=NilAccept, convert_name='accept header' ): key = header_to_key(header) doc = "Gets and sets the %r key in the environment." % key doc += rfc_reference(key, rfc_section) doc += " Converts it as a %s." % convert_name def fget(req): value = req.environ.get(key) if not value: return NilClass(header) return AcceptClass(header, value) def fset(req, val): if val: if isinstance(val, (list, tuple, dict)): val = AcceptClass(header, '') + val val = str(val) req.environ[key] = val or None def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc)
Python
from webob.multidict import MultiDict from UserDict import DictMixin __all__ = ['ResponseHeaders', 'EnvironHeaders'] class ResponseHeaders(MultiDict): """ Dictionary view on the response headerlist. Keys are normalized for case and whitespace. """ def __getitem__(self, key): key = key.lower() for k, v in reversed(self._items): if k.lower() == key: return v raise KeyError(key) def getall(self, key): key = key.lower() result = [] for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == key: result.append(v) return result def mixed(self): r = self.dict_of_lists() for key, val in r.iteritems(): if len(val) == 1: r[key] = val[0] return r def dict_of_lists(self): r = {} for key, val in self.iteritems(): r.setdefault(key.lower(), []).append(val) return r def __setitem__(self, key, value): norm_key = key.lower() items = self._items for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == norm_key: del items[i] self._items.append((key, value)) def __delitem__(self, key): key = key.lower() items = self._items found = False for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == key: del items[i] found = True if not found: raise KeyError(key) def __contains__(self, key): key = key.lower() for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == key: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def setdefault(self, key, default=None): c_key = key.lower() for k, v in self._items: if k.lower() == c_key: return v self._items.append((key, default)) return default def pop(self, key, *args): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError, "pop expected at most 2 arguments, got "\ + repr(1 + len(args)) key = key.lower() for i in range(len(self._items)): if self._items[i][0].lower() == key: v = self._items[i][1] del self._items[i] return v if args: return args[0] else: raise KeyError(key) key2header = { 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content-Type', 'CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content-Length', 'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE': 'Content_Type', 'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH': 'Content_Length', } header2key = dict([(v.upper(),k) for (k,v) in key2header.items()]) def _trans_key(key): if not isinstance(key, basestring): return None elif key in key2header: return key2header[key] elif key.startswith('HTTP_'): return key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() else: return None def _trans_name(name): name = name.upper() if name in header2key: return header2key[name] return 'HTTP_'+name.replace('-', '_') class EnvironHeaders(DictMixin): """An object that represents the headers as present in a WSGI environment. This object is a wrapper (with no internal state) for a WSGI request object, representing the CGI-style HTTP_* keys as a dictionary. Because a CGI environment can only hold one value for each key, this dictionary is single-valued (unlike outgoing headers). """ def __init__(self, environ): self.environ = environ def __getitem__(self, hname): return self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] def __setitem__(self, hname, value): self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] = value def __delitem__(self, hname): del self.environ[_trans_name(hname)] def keys(self): return filter(None, map(_trans_key, self.environ)) def __contains__(self, hname): return _trans_name(hname) in self.environ
Python
import time import calendar from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta, tzinfo from rfc822 import parsedate_tz, mktime_tz, formatdate __all__ = [ 'UTC', 'timedelta_to_seconds', 'year', 'month', 'week', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'parse_date', 'serialize_date', 'parse_date_delta', 'serialize_date_delta', ] _now = datetime.now # hook point for unit tests class _UTC(tzinfo): def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(0) def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(0) def tzname(self, dt): return 'UTC' def __repr__(self): return 'UTC' UTC = _UTC() def timedelta_to_seconds(td): """ Converts a timedelta instance to seconds. """ return td.seconds + (td.days*24*60*60) day = timedelta(days=1) week = timedelta(weeks=1) hour = timedelta(hours=1) minute = timedelta(minutes=1) second = timedelta(seconds=1) # Estimate, I know; good enough for expirations month = timedelta(days=30) year = timedelta(days=365) def parse_date(value): if not value: return None try: value = str(value) except: return None t = parsedate_tz(value) if t is None: # Could not parse return None if t[-1] is None: # No timezone given. None would mean local time, but we'll force UTC t = t[:9] + (0,) t = mktime_tz(t) return datetime.fromtimestamp(t, UTC) def serialize_date(dt): if isinstance(dt, unicode): dt = dt.encode('ascii') if isinstance(dt, str): return dt if isinstance(dt, timedelta): dt = _now() + dt if isinstance(dt, (datetime, date)): dt = dt.timetuple() if isinstance(dt, (tuple, time.struct_time)): dt = calendar.timegm(dt) if not isinstance(dt, (float, int, long)): raise ValueError( "You must pass in a datetime, date, time tuple, or integer object, not %r" % dt) return formatdate(dt) def parse_date_delta(value): """ like parse_date, but also handle delta seconds """ if not value: return None try: value = int(value) except ValueError: return parse_date(value) else: return _now() + timedelta(seconds=value) def serialize_date_delta(value): if isinstance(value, (float, int)): return str(int(value)) else: return serialize_date(value)
Python
import re, time, string from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta __all__ = ['Cookie'] class Cookie(dict): def __init__(self, input=None): if input: self.load(input) def load(self, data): ckey = None for key, val in _rx_cookie.findall(data): if key.lower() in _c_keys: if ckey: self[ckey][key] = _unquote(val) elif key[0] == '$': # RFC2109: NAMEs that begin with $ are reserved for other uses # and must not be used by applications. continue else: self[key] = _unquote(val) ckey = key def __setitem__(self, key, val): if needs_quoting(key): return dict.__setitem__(self, key, Morsel(key, val)) def serialize(self, full=True): return '; '.join(m.serialize(full) for m in self.values()) def values(self): return [m for _,m in sorted(self.items())] __str__ = serialize def __repr__(self): return '<%s: [%s]>' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(map(repr, self.values()))) def cookie_property(key, serialize=lambda v: v): def fset(self, v): self[key] = serialize(v) return property(lambda self: self[key], fset) def serialize_max_age(v): if isinstance(v, timedelta): return str(v.seconds + v.days*24*60*60) elif isinstance(v, int): return str(v) else: return v def serialize_cookie_date(v): if v is None: return None elif isinstance(v, str): return v elif isinstance(v, int): v = timedelta(seconds=v) if isinstance(v, timedelta): v = datetime.utcnow() + v if isinstance(v, (datetime, date)): v = v.timetuple() r = time.strftime('%%s, %d-%%s-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT', v) return r % (weekdays[v[6]], months[v[1]]) class Morsel(dict): __slots__ = ('name', 'value') def __init__(self, name, value): assert name.lower() not in _c_keys assert not needs_quoting(name) assert isinstance(value, str) self.name = name # we can encode the unicode value as UTF-8 here, # but then the decoded cookie would still be str, # so we don't do that self.value = value self.update(dict.fromkeys(_c_keys, None)) path = cookie_property('path') domain = cookie_property('domain') comment = cookie_property('comment') expires = cookie_property('expires', serialize_cookie_date) max_age = cookie_property('max-age', serialize_max_age) httponly = cookie_property('httponly', bool) secure = cookie_property('secure', bool) def __setitem__(self, k, v): k = k.lower() if k in _c_keys: dict.__setitem__(self, k, v) def serialize(self, full=True): result = [] add = result.append add("%s=%s" % (self.name, _quote(self.value))) if full: for k in _c_valkeys: v = self[k] if v: assert isinstance(v, str), v add("%s=%s" % (_c_renames[k], _quote(v))) expires = self['expires'] if expires: add("expires=%s" % expires) if self.secure: add('secure') if self.httponly: add('HttpOnly') return '; '.join(result) __str__ = serialize def __repr__(self): return '<%s: %s=%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, repr(self.value)) _c_renames = { "path" : "Path", "comment" : "Comment", "domain" : "Domain", "max-age" : "Max-Age", } _c_valkeys = sorted(_c_renames) _c_keys = set(_c_renames) _c_keys.update(['expires', 'secure', 'httponly']) # # parsing # _re_quoted = r'"(?:\\"|.)*?"' # any doublequoted string _legal_special_chars = "~!@#$%^&*()_+=-`.?|:/(){}<>'" _re_legal_char = r"[\w\d%s]" % ''.join(map(r'\%s'.__mod__, _legal_special_chars)) _re_expires_val = r"\w{3},\s[\w\d-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT" _rx_cookie = re.compile( # key (r"(%s+?)" % _re_legal_char) # = + r"\s*=\s*" # val + r"(%s|%s|%s*)" % (_re_quoted, _re_expires_val, _re_legal_char) ) _rx_unquote = re.compile(r'\\([0-3][0-7][0-7]|.)') def _unquote(v): if v and v[0] == v[-1] == '"': v = v[1:-1] def _ch_unquote(m): v = m.group(1) if v.isdigit(): return chr(int(v, 8)) return v v = _rx_unquote.sub(_ch_unquote, v) return v # # serializing # _trans_noop = ''.join(chr(x) for x in xrange(256)) # these chars can be in cookie value w/o causing it to be quoted _no_escape_special_chars = "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~/" _no_escape_chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + \ _no_escape_special_chars # these chars never need to be quoted _escape_noop_chars = _no_escape_chars+': ' # this is a map used to escape the values _escape_map = dict((chr(i), '\\%03o' % i) for i in xrange(256)) _escape_map.update(zip(_escape_noop_chars, _escape_noop_chars)) _escape_map['"'] = '\\"' _escape_map['\\'] = '\\\\' _escape_char = _escape_map.__getitem__ weekdays = ('Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun') months = (None, 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec') def needs_quoting(v): return v.translate(_trans_noop, _no_escape_chars) def _quote(v): if needs_quoting(v): return '"' + ''.join(map(_escape_char, v)) + '"' return v
Python
import sys, tempfile, warnings import urllib, urlparse, cgi if sys.version >= '2.7': from io import BytesIO as StringIO # pragma nocover else: from cStringIO import StringIO # pragma nocover from webob.headers import EnvironHeaders from webob.acceptparse import accept_property, Accept, MIMEAccept, NilAccept, MIMENilAccept, NoAccept from webob.multidict import TrackableMultiDict, MultiDict, UnicodeMultiDict, NestedMultiDict, NoVars from webob.cachecontrol import CacheControl, serialize_cache_control from webob.etag import etag_property, AnyETag, NoETag from webob.descriptors import * from webob.datetime_utils import * from webob.cookies import Cookie __all__ = ['BaseRequest', 'Request'] if sys.version >= '2.6': parse_qsl = urlparse.parse_qsl else: parse_qsl = cgi.parse_qsl # pragma nocover class _NoDefault: def __repr__(self): return '(No Default)' NoDefault = _NoDefault() PATH_SAFE = '/:@&+$,' http_method_has_body = dict.fromkeys(('GET', 'HEAD', 'DELETE', 'TRACE'), False) http_method_has_body.update(dict.fromkeys(('POST', 'PUT'), True)) class BaseRequest(object): ## Options: unicode_errors = 'strict' decode_param_names = False ## The limit after which request bodies should be stored on disk ## if they are read in (under this, and the request body is stored ## in memory): request_body_tempfile_limit = 10*1024 def __init__(self, environ, charset=NoDefault, unicode_errors=NoDefault, decode_param_names=NoDefault, **kw ): if type(environ) is not dict: raise TypeError("WSGI environ must be a dict") d = self.__dict__ d['environ'] = environ if charset is not NoDefault: self.charset = charset cls = self.__class__ if (isinstance(getattr(cls, 'charset', None), str) or hasattr(cls, 'default_charset') ): raise DeprecationWarning( "The class attr [default_]charset is deprecated") if unicode_errors is not NoDefault: d['unicode_errors'] = unicode_errors if decode_param_names is not NoDefault: d['decode_param_names'] = decode_param_names if kw: if 'method' in kw: # set method first, because .body setters # depend on it for checks self.method = kw.pop('method') for name, value in kw.iteritems(): if not hasattr(cls, name): raise TypeError( "Unexpected keyword: %s=%r" % (name, value)) setattr(self, name, value) # this is necessary for correct warnings depth for both # BaseRequest and Request (due to AdhocAttrMixin.__setattr__) _setattr_stacklevel = 2 def _body_file__get(self): """ Input stream of the request (wsgi.input). Setting this property resets the content_length and seekable flag (unlike setting req.body_file_raw). """ if not self.is_body_readable: return StringIO('') return self.body_file_raw def _body_file__set(self, value): if isinstance(value, str): # FIXME: change to DeprecationWarning in 1.1, raise exc in 1.2 warnings.warn( "Please use req.body = 'str' or req.body_file = fileobj", PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=self._setattr_stacklevel, ) self.body = value return if not http_method_has_body.get(self.method, True): raise ValueError("%s requests cannot have body" % self.method) self.content_length = None self.body_file_raw = value self.is_body_seekable = False self.is_body_readable = True def _body_file__del(self): self.body = '' body_file = property(_body_file__get, _body_file__set, _body_file__del, doc=_body_file__get.__doc__) body_file_raw = environ_getter('wsgi.input') @property def body_file_seekable(self): """ Get the body of the request (wsgi.input) as a seekable file-like object. Middleware and routing applications should use this attribute over .body_file. If you access this value, CONTENT_LENGTH will also be updated. """ if not self.is_body_seekable: self.make_body_seekable() return self.body_file_raw scheme = environ_getter('wsgi.url_scheme') method = environ_getter('REQUEST_METHOD') http_version = environ_getter('SERVER_PROTOCOL') script_name = environ_getter('SCRIPT_NAME', '') path_info = environ_getter('PATH_INFO') content_length = converter( environ_getter('CONTENT_LENGTH', None, '14.13'), parse_int_safe, serialize_int, 'int') remote_user = environ_getter('REMOTE_USER', None) remote_addr = environ_getter('REMOTE_ADDR', None) query_string = environ_getter('QUERY_STRING', '') server_name = environ_getter('SERVER_NAME') server_port = converter( environ_getter('SERVER_PORT'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') uscript_name = upath_property('SCRIPT_NAME') upath_info = upath_property('PATH_INFO') def _content_type__get(self): """Return the content type, but leaving off any parameters (like charset, but also things like the type in ``application/atom+xml; type=entry``) If you set this property, you can include parameters, or if you don't include any parameters in the value then existing parameters will be preserved. """ return self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '').split(';', 1)[0] def _content_type__set(self, value): if value is None: del self.content_type return value = str(value) if ';' not in value: content_type = self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '') if ';' in content_type: value += ';' + content_type.split(';', 1)[1] self.environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = value def _content_type__del(self): if 'CONTENT_TYPE' in self.environ: del self.environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] content_type = property(_content_type__get, _content_type__set, _content_type__del, _content_type__get.__doc__) _charset_cache = (None, None) def _charset__get(self): """Get the charset of the request. If the request was sent with a charset parameter on the Content-Type, that will be used. Otherwise if there is a default charset (set during construction, or as a class attribute) that will be returned. Otherwise None. Setting this property after request instantiation will always update Content-Type. Deleting the property updates the Content-Type to remove any charset parameter (if none exists, then deleting the property will do nothing, and there will be no error). """ content_type = self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '') cached_ctype, cached_charset = self._charset_cache if cached_ctype == content_type: return cached_charset charset_match = CHARSET_RE.search(content_type) if charset_match: result = charset_match.group(1).strip('"').strip() else: result = 'UTF-8' self._charset_cache = (content_type, result) return result def _charset__set(self, charset): if charset is None or charset == '': del self.charset return charset = str(charset) content_type = self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '') charset_match = CHARSET_RE.search(self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '')) if charset_match: content_type = (content_type[:charset_match.start(1)] + charset + content_type[charset_match.end(1):]) # comma to separate params? there's nothing like that in RFCs AFAICT #elif ';' in content_type: # content_type += ', charset="%s"' % charset else: content_type += '; charset="%s"' % charset self.environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = content_type def _charset__del(self): new_content_type = CHARSET_RE.sub('', self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '')) new_content_type = new_content_type.rstrip().rstrip(';').rstrip(',') self.environ['CONTENT_TYPE'] = new_content_type charset = property(_charset__get, _charset__set, _charset__del, _charset__get.__doc__) _headers = None def _headers__get(self): """ All the request headers as a case-insensitive dictionary-like object. """ if self._headers is None: self._headers = EnvironHeaders(self.environ) return self._headers def _headers__set(self, value): self.headers.clear() self.headers.update(value) headers = property(_headers__get, _headers__set, doc=_headers__get.__doc__) @property def host_url(self): """ The URL through the host (no path) """ e = self.environ url = e['wsgi.url_scheme'] + '://' if e.get('HTTP_HOST'): host = e['HTTP_HOST'] if ':' in host: host, port = host.split(':', 1) else: port = None else: host = e['SERVER_NAME'] port = e['SERVER_PORT'] if self.environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https': if port == '443': port = None elif self.environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'http': if port == '80': port = None url += host if port: url += ':%s' % port return url @property def application_url(self): """ The URL including SCRIPT_NAME (no PATH_INFO or query string) """ return self.host_url + urllib.quote( self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', ''), PATH_SAFE) @property def path_url(self): """ The URL including SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO, but not QUERY_STRING """ return self.application_url + urllib.quote( self.environ.get('PATH_INFO', ''), PATH_SAFE) @property def path(self): """ The path of the request, without host or query string """ return (urllib.quote(self.script_name, PATH_SAFE) + urllib.quote(self.path_info, PATH_SAFE)) @property def path_qs(self): """ The path of the request, without host but with query string """ path = self.path qs = self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING') if qs: path += '?' + qs return path @property def url(self): """ The full request URL, including QUERY_STRING """ url = self.path_url if self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING'): url += '?' + self.environ['QUERY_STRING'] return url def relative_url(self, other_url, to_application=False): """ Resolve other_url relative to the request URL. If ``to_application`` is True, then resolve it relative to the URL with only SCRIPT_NAME """ if to_application: url = self.application_url if not url.endswith('/'): url += '/' else: url = self.path_url return urlparse.urljoin(url, other_url) def path_info_pop(self, pattern=None): """ 'Pops' off the next segment of PATH_INFO, pushing it onto SCRIPT_NAME, and returning the popped segment. Returns None if there is nothing left on PATH_INFO. Does not return ``''`` when there's an empty segment (like ``/path//path``); these segments are just ignored. Optional ``pattern`` argument is a regexp to match the return value before returning. If there is no match, no changes are made to the request and None is returned. """ path = self.path_info if not path: return None slashes = '' while path.startswith('/'): slashes += '/' path = path[1:] idx = path.find('/') if idx == -1: idx = len(path) r = path[:idx] if pattern is None or re.match(pattern, r): self.script_name += slashes + r self.path_info = path[idx:] return r def path_info_peek(self): """ Returns the next segment on PATH_INFO, or None if there is no next segment. Doesn't modify the environment. """ path = self.path_info if not path: return None path = path.lstrip('/') return path.split('/', 1)[0] def _urlvars__get(self): """ Return any *named* variables matched in the URL. Takes values from ``environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']``. Systems like ``routes`` set this value. """ if 'paste.urlvars' in self.environ: return self.environ['paste.urlvars'] elif 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: return self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1] else: result = {} self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ((), result) return result def _urlvars__set(self, value): environ = self.environ if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in environ: environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0], value) if 'paste.urlvars' in environ: del environ['paste.urlvars'] elif 'paste.urlvars' in environ: environ['paste.urlvars'] = value else: environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ((), value) def _urlvars__del(self): if 'paste.urlvars' in self.environ: del self.environ['paste.urlvars'] if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: if not self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0]: del self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] else: self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0], {}) urlvars = property(_urlvars__get, _urlvars__set, _urlvars__del, doc=_urlvars__get.__doc__) def _urlargs__get(self): """ Return any *positional* variables matched in the URL. Takes values from ``environ['wsgiorg.routing_args']``. Systems like ``routes`` set this value. """ if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: return self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][0] else: # Since you can't update this value in-place, we don't need # to set the key in the environment return () def _urlargs__set(self, value): environ = self.environ if 'paste.urlvars' in environ: # Some overlap between this and wsgiorg.routing_args; we need # wsgiorg.routing_args to make this work routing_args = (value, environ.pop('paste.urlvars')) elif 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in environ: routing_args = (value, environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]) else: routing_args = (value, {}) environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = routing_args def _urlargs__del(self): if 'wsgiorg.routing_args' in self.environ: if not self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]: del self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] else: self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] = ( (), self.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]) urlargs = property(_urlargs__get, _urlargs__set, _urlargs__del, _urlargs__get.__doc__) @property def is_xhr(self): """Is X-Requested-With header present and equal to ``XMLHttpRequest``? Note: this isn't set by every XMLHttpRequest request, it is only set if you are using a Javascript library that sets it (or you set the header yourself manually). Currently Prototype and jQuery are known to set this header.""" return self.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH', '' ) == 'XMLHttpRequest' def _host__get(self): """Host name provided in HTTP_HOST, with fall-back to SERVER_NAME""" if 'HTTP_HOST' in self.environ: return self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] else: return '%(SERVER_NAME)s:%(SERVER_PORT)s' % self.environ def _host__set(self, value): self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] = value def _host__del(self): if 'HTTP_HOST' in self.environ: del self.environ['HTTP_HOST'] host = property(_host__get, _host__set, _host__del, doc=_host__get.__doc__) def _body__get(self): """ Return the content of the request body. """ if not self.is_body_readable: return '' self.make_body_seekable() # we need this to have content_length r = self.body_file.read(self.content_length) self.body_file.seek(0) return r def _body__set(self, value): if value is None: value = '' if not isinstance(value, str): raise TypeError("You can only set Request.body to a str (not %r)" % type(value)) if not http_method_has_body.get(self.method, True): if not value: self.content_length = None self.body_file_raw = StringIO('') return raise ValueError("%s requests cannot have body" % self.method) self.content_length = len(value) self.body_file_raw = StringIO(value) self.is_body_seekable = True def _body__del(self): self.body = '' body = property(_body__get, _body__set, _body__del, doc=_body__get.__doc__) @property def str_POST(self): """ Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from a form request. Returns an empty dict-like object for non-form requests. Form requests are typically POST requests, however PUT requests with an appropriate Content-Type are also supported. """ env = self.environ if self.method not in ('POST', 'PUT'): return NoVars('Not a form request') if 'webob._parsed_post_vars' in env: vars, body_file = env['webob._parsed_post_vars'] if body_file is self.body_file_raw: return vars content_type = self.content_type if ((self.method == 'PUT' and not content_type) or content_type not in ('', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'multipart/form-data') ): # Not an HTML form submission return NoVars('Not an HTML form submission (Content-Type: %s)' % content_type) if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file.seek(0) fs_environ = env.copy() # FieldStorage assumes a missing CONTENT_LENGTH, but a # default of 0 is better: fs_environ.setdefault('CONTENT_LENGTH', '0') fs_environ['QUERY_STRING'] = '' fs = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=self.body_file_raw, environ=fs_environ, keep_blank_values=True) vars = MultiDict.from_fieldstorage(fs) #ctype = self.content_type or 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ctype = env.get('CONTENT_TYPE', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') self.body_file = FakeCGIBody(vars, ctype) env['webob._parsed_post_vars'] = (vars, self.body_file_raw) return vars @property def POST(self): """ Like ``.str_POST``, but may decode values and keys """ vars = self.str_POST vars = UnicodeMultiDict(vars, encoding=self.charset, errors=self.unicode_errors, decode_keys=self.decode_param_names) return vars @property def str_GET(self): """ Return a MultiDict containing all the variables from the QUERY_STRING. """ env = self.environ source = env.get('QUERY_STRING', '') if 'webob._parsed_query_vars' in env: vars, qs = env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] if qs == source: return vars if not source: vars = TrackableMultiDict(__tracker=self._update_get, __name='GET') else: vars = TrackableMultiDict(parse_qsl(source, keep_blank_values=True, strict_parsing=False), __tracker=self._update_get, __name='GET') env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] = (vars, source) return vars def _update_get(self, vars, key=None, value=None): env = self.environ qs = urllib.urlencode(vars.items()) env['QUERY_STRING'] = qs env['webob._parsed_query_vars'] = (vars, qs) @property def GET(self): """ Like ``.str_GET``, but may decode values and keys """ vars = self.str_GET vars = UnicodeMultiDict(vars, encoding=self.charset, errors=self.unicode_errors, decode_keys=self.decode_param_names) return vars str_postvars = deprecated_property(str_POST, 'str_postvars', 'use str_POST instead') postvars = deprecated_property(POST, 'postvars', 'use POST instead') str_queryvars = deprecated_property(str_GET, 'str_queryvars', 'use str_GET instead') queryvars = deprecated_property(GET, 'queryvars', 'use GET instead') @property def str_params(self): """ A dictionary-like object containing both the parameters from the query string and request body. """ return NestedMultiDict(self.str_GET, self.str_POST) @property def params(self): """ Like ``.str_params``, but may decode values and keys """ params = self.str_params params = UnicodeMultiDict(params, encoding=self.charset, errors=self.unicode_errors, decode_keys=self.decode_param_names) return params @property def str_cookies(self): """ Return a *plain* dictionary of cookies as found in the request. """ env = self.environ source = env.get('HTTP_COOKIE', '') if 'webob._parsed_cookies' in env: vars, var_source = env['webob._parsed_cookies'] if var_source == source: return vars vars = {} if source: cookies = Cookie(source) for name in cookies: vars[name] = cookies[name].value env['webob._parsed_cookies'] = (vars, source) return vars @property def cookies(self): """ Like ``.str_cookies``, but may decode values and keys """ vars = self.str_cookies vars = UnicodeMultiDict(vars, encoding=self.charset, errors=self.unicode_errors, decode_keys=self.decode_param_names) return vars def copy(self): """ Copy the request and environment object. This only does a shallow copy, except of wsgi.input """ self.make_body_seekable() env = self.environ.copy() new_req = self.__class__(env) new_req.copy_body() return new_req def copy_get(self): """ Copies the request and environment object, but turning this request into a GET along the way. If this was a POST request (or any other verb) then it becomes GET, and the request body is thrown away. """ env = self.environ.copy() return self.__class__(env, method='GET', content_type=None, body='') # webob.is_body_seekalbe marks input streams that are seekable # this way we can have seekable input without testing the .seek() method is_body_seekable = environ_getter('webob.is_body_seekable', False) #is_body_readable = environ_getter('webob.is_body_readable', False) def _is_body_readable__get(self): """ webob.is_body_readable is a flag that tells us that we can read the input stream even though CONTENT_LENGTH is missing. This allows FakeCGIBody to work and can be used by servers to support chunked encoding in requests. For background see https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webob/issue/6 """ if self.method in http_method_has_body: # known HTTP method return http_method_has_body[self.method] elif self.content_length is not None: # unknown HTTP method, but the Content-Length # header is present return True else: # last resort -- rely on the special flag return self.environ.get('webob.is_body_readable', False) def _is_body_readable__set(self, flag): #@@ WARN self.environ['webob.is_body_readable'] = bool(flag) is_body_readable = property(_is_body_readable__get, _is_body_readable__set, doc=_is_body_readable__get.__doc__ ) def make_body_seekable(self): """ This forces ``environ['wsgi.input']`` to be seekable. That means that, the content is copied into a StringIO or temporary file and flagged as seekable, so that it will not be unnecessarily copied again. After calling this method the .body_file is always seeked to the start of file and .content_length is not None. The choice to copy to StringIO is made from ``self.request_body_tempfile_limit`` """ if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file_raw.seek(0) else: self.copy_body() def copy_body(self): """ Copies the body, in cases where it might be shared with another request object and that is not desired. This copies the body in-place, either into a StringIO object or a temporary file. """ if not self.is_body_readable: # there's no body to copy self.body = '' elif self.content_length is None: # chunked body or FakeCGIBody self.body = self.body_file_raw.read() self._copy_body_tempfile() else: # try to read body into tempfile did_copy = self._copy_body_tempfile() if not did_copy: # it wasn't necessary, so just read it into memory self.body = self.body_file_raw.read(self.content_length) def _copy_body_tempfile(self): """ Copy wsgi.input to tempfile if necessary. Returns True if it did. """ tempfile_limit = self.request_body_tempfile_limit length = self.content_length assert isinstance(length, int) if not tempfile_limit or length <= tempfile_limit: return False fileobj = self.make_tempfile() input = self.body_file_raw while length: data = input.read(min(length, 65536)) fileobj.write(data) length -= len(data) fileobj.seek(0) self.body_file_raw = fileobj self.is_body_seekable = True return True def make_tempfile(self): """ Create a tempfile to store big request body. This API is not stable yet. A 'size' argument might be added. """ return tempfile.TemporaryFile() def remove_conditional_headers(self, remove_encoding=True, remove_range=True, remove_match=True, remove_modified=True): """ Remove headers that make the request conditional. These headers can cause the response to be 304 Not Modified, which in some cases you may not want to be possible. This does not remove headers like If-Match, which are used for conflict detection. """ check_keys = [] if remove_range: check_keys += ['HTTP_IF_RANGE', 'HTTP_RANGE'] if remove_match: check_keys.append('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH') if remove_modified: check_keys.append('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE') if remove_encoding: check_keys.append('HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING') for key in check_keys: if key in self.environ: del self.environ[key] accept = accept_property('Accept', '14.1', MIMEAccept, MIMENilAccept, 'MIME Accept') accept_charset = accept_property('Accept-Charset', '14.2') accept_encoding = accept_property('Accept-Encoding', '14.3', NilClass=NoAccept) accept_language = accept_property('Accept-Language', '14.4') authorization = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', None, '14.8'), parse_auth, serialize_auth, ) def _cache_control__get(self): """ Get/set/modify the Cache-Control header (section `14.9 <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9>`_) """ env = self.environ value = env.get('HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL', '') cache_header, cache_obj = env.get('webob._cache_control', (None, None)) if cache_obj is not None and cache_header == value: return cache_obj cache_obj = CacheControl.parse(value, updates_to=self._update_cache_control, type='request') env['webob._cache_control'] = (value, cache_obj) return cache_obj def _cache_control__set(self, value): env = self.environ value = value or '' if isinstance(value, dict): value = CacheControl(value, type='request') if isinstance(value, CacheControl): str_value = str(value) env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = str_value env['webob._cache_control'] = (str_value, value) else: env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = str(value) env['webob._cache_control'] = (None, None) def _cache_control__del(self): env = self.environ if 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL' in env: del env['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] if 'webob._cache_control' in env: del env['webob._cache_control'] def _update_cache_control(self, prop_dict): self.environ['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] = serialize_cache_control(prop_dict) cache_control = property(_cache_control__get, _cache_control__set, _cache_control__del, doc=_cache_control__get.__doc__) if_match = etag_property('HTTP_IF_MATCH', AnyETag, '14.24') if_none_match = etag_property('HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH', NoETag, '14.26') date = converter_date(environ_getter('HTTP_DATE', None, '14.8')) if_modified_since = converter_date( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE', None, '14.25')) if_unmodified_since = converter_date( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE', None, '14.28')) if_range = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_IF_RANGE', None, '14.27'), parse_if_range, serialize_if_range, 'IfRange object') max_forwards = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_MAX_FORWARDS', None, '14.31'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') pragma = environ_getter('HTTP_PRAGMA', None, '14.32') range = converter( environ_getter('HTTP_RANGE', None, '14.35'), parse_range, serialize_range, 'Range object') referer = environ_getter('HTTP_REFERER', None, '14.36') referrer = referer user_agent = environ_getter('HTTP_USER_AGENT', None, '14.43') def __repr__(self): try: name = '%s %s' % (self.method, self.url) except KeyError: name = '(invalid WSGI environ)' msg = '<%s at 0x%x %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), name) return msg def as_string(self, skip_body=False): """ Return HTTP string representing this request. If skip_body is True, exclude the body. If skip_body is an integer larger than one, skip body only if its length is bigger than that number. """ url = self.url host = self.host_url assert url.startswith(host) url = url[len(host):] parts = ['%s %s %s' % (self.method, url, self.http_version)] #self.headers.setdefault('Host', self.host) # acquire body before we handle headers so that # content-length will be set body = None if self.method in ('PUT', 'POST'): if skip_body > 1: if len(self.body) > skip_body: body = '<body skipped (len=%s)>' % len(self.body) else: skip_body = False if not skip_body: body = self.body parts += map('%s: %s'.__mod__, sorted(self.headers.items())) if body: parts.extend( ['',body] ) # HTTP clearly specifies CRLF return '\r\n'.join(parts) __str__ = as_string @classmethod def from_string(cls, s): """ Create a request from HTTP string. If the string contains extra data after the request, raise a ValueError. """ f = StringIO(s) r = cls.from_file(f) if f.tell() != len(s): raise ValueError("The string contains more data than expected") return r @classmethod def from_file(cls, fp): """Read a request from a file-like object (it must implement ``.read(size)`` and ``.readline()``). It will read up to the end of the request, not the end of the file (unless the request is a POST or PUT and has no Content-Length, in that case, the entire file is read). This reads the request as represented by ``str(req)``; it may not read every valid HTTP request properly.""" start_line = fp.readline() try: method, resource, http_version = start_line.rstrip('\r\n').split(None, 2) except ValueError: raise ValueError('Bad HTTP request line: %r' % start_line) r = cls(environ_from_url(resource), http_version=http_version, method=method.upper() ) del r.environ['HTTP_HOST'] while 1: line = fp.readline() if not line.strip(): # end of headers break hname, hval = line.split(':', 1) hval = hval.strip() if hname in r.headers: hval = r.headers[hname] + ', ' + hval r.headers[hname] = hval if r.method in ('PUT', 'POST'): clen = r.content_length if clen is None: r.body = fp.read() else: r.body = fp.read(clen) return r def call_application(self, application, catch_exc_info=False): """ Call the given WSGI application, returning ``(status_string, headerlist, app_iter)`` Be sure to call ``app_iter.close()`` if it's there. If catch_exc_info is true, then returns ``(status_string, headerlist, app_iter, exc_info)``, where the fourth item may be None, but won't be if there was an exception. If you don't do this and there was an exception, the exception will be raised directly. """ if self.is_body_seekable: self.body_file_raw.seek(0) captured = [] output = [] def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): if exc_info is not None and not catch_exc_info: raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2] captured[:] = [status, headers, exc_info] return output.append app_iter = application(self.environ, start_response) if output or not captured: try: output.extend(app_iter) finally: if hasattr(app_iter, 'close'): app_iter.close() app_iter = output if catch_exc_info: return (captured[0], captured[1], app_iter, captured[2]) else: return (captured[0], captured[1], app_iter) # Will be filled in later: ResponseClass = None def get_response(self, application, catch_exc_info=False): """ Like ``.call_application(application)``, except returns a response object with ``.status``, ``.headers``, and ``.body`` attributes. This will use ``self.ResponseClass`` to figure out the class of the response object to return. """ if catch_exc_info: status, headers, app_iter, exc_info = self.call_application( application, catch_exc_info=True) del exc_info else: status, headers, app_iter = self.call_application( application, catch_exc_info=False) return self.ResponseClass( status=status, headerlist=list(headers), app_iter=app_iter, request=self) @classmethod def blank(cls, path, environ=None, base_url=None, headers=None, POST=None, **kw): """ Create a blank request environ (and Request wrapper) with the given path (path should be urlencoded), and any keys from environ. The path will become path_info, with any query string split off and used. All necessary keys will be added to the environ, but the values you pass in will take precedence. If you pass in base_url then wsgi.url_scheme, HTTP_HOST, and SCRIPT_NAME will be filled in from that value. Any extra keyword will be passed to ``__init__`` (e.g., ``decode_param_names``). """ env = environ_from_url(path) environ_add_POST(env, POST) if base_url: scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlparse.urlsplit(base_url) if query or fragment: raise ValueError( "base_url (%r) cannot have a query or fragment" % base_url) if scheme: env['wsgi.url_scheme'] = scheme if netloc: if ':' not in netloc: if scheme == 'http': netloc += ':80' elif scheme == 'https': netloc += ':443' else: raise ValueError( "Unknown scheme: %r" % scheme) host, port = netloc.split(':', 1) env['SERVER_PORT'] = port env['SERVER_NAME'] = host env['HTTP_HOST'] = netloc if path: env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = urllib.unquote(path) if environ: env.update(environ) obj = cls(env, **kw) if headers is not None: obj.headers.update(headers) return obj def environ_from_url(path): if SCHEME_RE.search(path): scheme, netloc, path, qs, fragment = urlparse.urlsplit(path) if fragment: raise TypeError("Path cannot contain a fragment (%r)" % fragment) if qs: path += '?' + qs if ':' not in netloc: if scheme == 'http': netloc += ':80' elif scheme == 'https': netloc += ':443' else: raise TypeError("Unknown scheme: %r" % scheme) else: scheme = 'http' netloc = 'localhost:80' if path and '?' in path: path_info, query_string = path.split('?', 1) path_info = urllib.unquote(path_info) else: path_info = urllib.unquote(path) query_string = '' env = { 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'PATH_INFO': path_info or '', 'QUERY_STRING': query_string, 'SERVER_NAME': netloc.split(':')[0], 'SERVER_PORT': netloc.split(':')[1], 'HTTP_HOST': netloc, 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0', 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.url_scheme': scheme, 'wsgi.input': StringIO(''), 'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr, 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, #'webob.is_body_seekable': True, } return env def environ_add_POST(env, data): if data is None: return env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST' if hasattr(data, 'items'): data = data.items() if not isinstance(data, str): data = urllib.urlencode(data) env['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(data) env['webob.is_body_seekable'] = True env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(data)) env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' class AdhocAttrMixin(object): _setattr_stacklevel = 3 def __setattr__(self, attr, value, DEFAULT=object()): if (getattr(self.__class__, attr, DEFAULT) is not DEFAULT or attr.startswith('_')): object.__setattr__(self, attr, value) else: self.environ.setdefault('webob.adhoc_attrs', {})[attr] = value def __getattr__(self, attr, DEFAULT=object()): try: return self.environ['webob.adhoc_attrs'][attr] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(attr) def __delattr__(self, attr, DEFAULT=object()): if getattr(self.__class__, attr, DEFAULT) is not DEFAULT: return object.__delattr__(self, attr) try: del self.environ['webob.adhoc_attrs'][attr] except KeyError: raise AttributeError(attr) class Request(AdhocAttrMixin, BaseRequest): """ The default request implementation """ ######################### ## Helper classes and monkeypatching ######################### def _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch(self): """ monkey patch for FieldStorage.__repr__ Unbelievably, the default __repr__ on FieldStorage reads the entire file content instead of being sane about it. This is a simple replacement that doesn't do that """ if self.file: return "FieldStorage(%r, %r)" % (self.name, self.filename) return "FieldStorage(%r, %r, %r)" % (self.name, self.filename, self.value) cgi.FieldStorage.__repr__ = _cgi_FieldStorage__repr__patch class FakeCGIBody(object): def __init__(self, vars, content_type): self.vars = vars self.content_type = content_type self._body = None self.position = 0 def seek(self, pos, rel=0): ## FIXME: this isn't strictly necessary, but it's important ## when modifying POST parameters. I wish there was a better ## way to do this. if rel != 0: raise IOError self._body = None self.position = pos def tell(self): return self.position def read(self, size=-1): body = self._get_body() if size < 0: v = body[self.position:] self.position = len(body) return v else: v = body[self.position:self.position+size] self.position = min(len(body), self.position+size) return v def _get_body(self): if self._body is None: if self.content_type.lower().startswith('application/x-www-form-urlencoded'): self._body = urllib.urlencode(self.vars.items()) elif self.content_type.lower().startswith('multipart/form-data'): self._body = _encode_multipart(self.vars, self.content_type) else: assert 0, ('Bad content type: %r' % self.content_type) return self._body def readline(self, size=None): # We ignore size, but allow it to be hinted rest = self._get_body()[self.position:] next = rest.find('\r\n') if next == -1: return self.read() self.position += next+2 return rest[:next+2] def readlines(self, hint=None): # Again, allow hint but ignore body = self._get_body() rest = body[self.position:] self.position = len(body) result = [] while 1: next = rest.find('\r\n') if next == -1: result.append(rest) break result.append(rest[:next+2]) rest = rest[next+2:] return result def __iter__(self): return iter(self.readlines()) def __repr__(self): inner = repr(self.vars) if len(inner) > 20: inner = inner[:15] + '...' + inner[-5:] if self.position: inner += ' at position %s' % self.position return '<%s at 0x%x viewing %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), inner) def _encode_multipart(vars, content_type): """Encode a multipart request body into a string""" boundary_match = re.search(r'boundary=([^ ]+)', content_type, re.I) if not boundary_match: raise ValueError('Content-type: %r does not contain boundary' % content_type) boundary = boundary_match.group(1).strip('"') lines = [] for name, value in vars.iteritems(): lines.append('--%s' % boundary) ## FIXME: encode the name like this? assert name is not None, 'Value associated with no name: %r' % value disp = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % name if getattr(value, 'filename', None): disp += '; filename="%s"' % value.filename lines.append(disp) ## FIXME: should handle value.disposition_options if getattr(value, 'type', None): ct = 'Content-type: %s' % value.type if value.type_options: ct += ''.join(['; %s="%s"' % (ct_name, ct_value) for ct_name, ct_value in sorted( value.type_options.items())]) lines.append(ct) lines.append('') if hasattr(value, 'value'): lines.append(value.value) else: lines.append(value) lines.append('--%s--' % boundary) return '\r\n'.join(lines)
Python
import warnings import re from datetime import datetime, date from webob.byterange import Range, ContentRange from webob.etag import IfRange, NoIfRange from webob.datetime_utils import parse_date, serialize_date from webob.util import rfc_reference CHARSET_RE = re.compile(r';\s*charset=([^;]*)', re.I) QUOTES_RE = re.compile('"(.*)"') SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z]+:', re.I) _not_given = object() def environ_getter(key, default=_not_given, rfc_section=None): doc = "Gets and sets the %r key in the environment." % key doc += rfc_reference(key, rfc_section) if default is _not_given: def fget(req): return req.environ[key] def fset(req, val): req.environ[key] = val fdel = None else: def fget(req): return req.environ.get(key, default) def fset(req, val): if val is None: if key in req.environ: del req.environ[key] else: req.environ[key] = val def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc=doc) def upath_property(key): def fget(req): return req.environ.get(key, '').decode('UTF8', req.unicode_errors) def fset(req, val): req.environ[key] = val.encode('UTF8', req.unicode_errors) return property(fget, fset, doc='upath_property(%r)' % key) def header_getter(header, rfc_section): doc = "Gets and sets and deletes the %s header." % header doc += rfc_reference(header, rfc_section) key = header.lower() def fget(r): for k, v in r._headerlist: if k.lower() == key: return v def fset(r, value): fdel(r) if value is not None: if isinstance(value, unicode): value = value.encode('ISO-8859-1') # standard encoding for headers r._headerlist.append((header, value)) def fdel(r): items = r._headerlist for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0].lower() == key: del items[i] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc) def converter(prop, parse, serialize, convert_name=None): assert isinstance(prop, property) convert_name = convert_name or "%r and %r" % (parse.__name__, serialize.__name__) doc = prop.__doc__ or '' doc += " Converts it using %s." % convert_name hget, hset = prop.fget, prop.fset def fget(r): return parse(hget(r)) def fset(r, val): if val is not None: val = serialize(val) hset(r, val) return property(fget, fset, prop.fdel, doc) def list_header(header, rfc_section): prop = header_getter(header, rfc_section) return converter(prop, parse_list, serialize_list, 'list') def parse_list(value): if not value: return None return tuple(filter(None, [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')])) def serialize_list(value): if isinstance(value, unicode): return str(value) elif isinstance(value, str): return value else: return ', '.join(map(str, value)) def converter_date(prop): return converter(prop, parse_date, serialize_date, 'HTTP date') def date_header(header, rfc_section): return converter_date(header_getter(header, rfc_section)) class deprecated_property(object): """ Wraps a descriptor, with a deprecation warning or error """ def __init__(self, descriptor, attr, message, warning=True): self.descriptor = descriptor self.attr = attr self.message = message self.warning = warning def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: return self self.warn() return self.descriptor.__get__(obj, type) def __set__(self, obj, value): self.warn() self.descriptor.__set__(obj, value) def __delete__(self, obj): self.warn() self.descriptor.__delete__(obj) def __repr__(self): return '<Deprecated attribute %s: %r>' % ( self.attr, self.descriptor) def warn(self): if not self.warning: raise DeprecationWarning( 'The attribute %s is deprecated: %s' % (self.attr, self.message)) else: warnings.warn( 'The attribute %s is deprecated: %s' % (self.attr, self.message), DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) ######################## ## Converter functions ######################## # FIXME: weak entity tags are not supported, would need special class def parse_etag_response(value): """ See: * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.19 * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.11 """ if value is not None: unquote_match = QUOTES_RE.match(value) if unquote_match is not None: value = unquote_match.group(1) value = value.replace('\\"', '"') return value def serialize_etag_response(value): return '"%s"' % value.replace('"', '\\"') def parse_if_range(value): if not value: return NoIfRange else: return IfRange.parse(value) def serialize_if_range(value): if isinstance(value, (datetime, date)): return serialize_date(value) if not isinstance(value, str): value = str(value) return value or None def parse_range(value): if not value: return None # Might return None too: return Range.parse(value) def serialize_range(value): if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): if len(value) != 2: raise ValueError( "If setting .range to a list or tuple, it must be of length 2 (not %r)" % value) value = Range([value]) if value is None: return None value = str(value) return value or None def parse_int(value): if value is None or value == '': return None return int(value) def parse_int_safe(value): if value is None or value == '': return None try: return int(value) except ValueError: return None serialize_int = str def parse_content_range(value): if not value or not value.strip(): return None # May still return None return ContentRange.parse(value) def serialize_content_range(value): if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)): if len(value) not in (2, 3): raise ValueError( "When setting content_range to a list/tuple, it must " "be length 2 or 3 (not %r)" % value) if len(value) == 2: begin, end = value length = None else: begin, end, length = value value = ContentRange(begin, end, length) value = str(value).strip() if not value: return None return value _rx_auth_param = re.compile(r'([a-z]+)=(".*?"|[^,]*)(?:\Z|, *)') def parse_auth_params(params): r = {} for k, v in _rx_auth_param.findall(params): r[k] = v.strip('"') return r # see http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/2009OctDec/0297.html known_auth_schemes = ['Basic', 'Digest', 'WSSE', 'HMACDigest', 'GoogleLogin', 'Cookie', 'OpenID'] known_auth_schemes = dict.fromkeys(known_auth_schemes, None) def parse_auth(val): if val is not None: authtype, params = val.split(' ', 1) if authtype in known_auth_schemes: if authtype == 'Basic' and '"' not in params: # this is the "Authentication: Basic XXXXX==" case pass else: params = parse_auth_params(params) return authtype, params return val def serialize_auth(val): if isinstance(val, (tuple, list)): authtype, params = val if isinstance(params, dict): params = ', '.join(map('%s="%s"'.__mod__, params.items())) assert isinstance(params, str) return '%s %s' % (authtype, params) return val
Python
""" Decorators to wrap functions to make them WSGI applications. The main decorator :class:`wsgify` turns a function into a WSGI application (while also allowing normal calling of the method with an instantiated request). """ import webob import webob.exc from types import ClassType __all__ = ['wsgify'] class wsgify(object): """Turns a request-taking, response-returning function into a WSGI app You can use this like:: @wsgify def myfunc(req): return webob.Response('hey there') With that ``myfunc`` will be a WSGI application, callable like ``app_iter = myfunc(environ, start_response)``. You can also call it like normal, e.g., ``resp = myfunc(req)``. (You can also wrap methods, like ``def myfunc(self, req)``.) If you raise exceptions from :mod:`webob.exc` they will be turned into WSGI responses. There are also several parameters you can use to customize the decorator. Most notably, you can use a :class:`webob.Request` subclass, like:: class MyRequest(webob.Request): @property def is_local(self): return self.remote_addr == '127.0.0.1' @wsgify(RequestClass=MyRequest) def myfunc(req): if req.is_local: return Response('hi!') else: raise webob.exc.HTTPForbidden Another customization you can add is to add `args` (positional arguments) or `kwargs` (of course, keyword arguments). While generally not that useful, you can use this to create multiple WSGI apps from one function, like:: import simplejson def serve_json(req, json_obj): return Response(json.dumps(json_obj), content_type='application/json') serve_ob1 = wsgify(serve_json, args=(ob1,)) serve_ob2 = wsgify(serve_json, args=(ob2,)) You can return several things from a function: * A :class:`webob.Response` object (or subclass) * *Any* WSGI application * None, and then ``req.response`` will be used (a pre-instantiated Response object) * A string, which will be written to ``req.response`` and then that response will be used. * Raise an exception from :mod:`webob.exc` Also see :func:`wsgify.middleware` for a way to make middleware. You can also subclass this decorator; the most useful things to do in a subclass would be to change `RequestClass` or override `call_func` (e.g., to add ``req.urlvars`` as keyword arguments to the function). """ RequestClass = webob.Request def __init__(self, func=None, RequestClass=None, args=(), kwargs=None, middleware_wraps=None): self.func = func if (RequestClass is not None and RequestClass is not self.RequestClass): self.RequestClass = RequestClass self.args = tuple(args) if kwargs is None: kwargs = {} self.kwargs = kwargs self.middleware_wraps = middleware_wraps def __repr__(self): if self.func is None: args = [] else: args = [_func_name(self.func)] if self.RequestClass is not self.__class__.RequestClass: args.append('RequestClass=%r' % self.RequestClass) if self.args: args.append('args=%r' % (self.args,)) my_name = self.__class__.__name__ if self.middleware_wraps is not None: my_name = '%s.middleware' % my_name else: if self.kwargs: args.append('kwargs=%r' % self.kwargs) r = '%s(%s)' % (my_name, ', '.join(args)) if self.middleware_wraps is not None: args = [repr(self.middleware_wraps)] if self.kwargs: args.extend(['%s=%r' % (name, value) for name, value in sorted(self.kwargs.items())]) r += '(%s)' % ', '.join(args) return r def __get__(self, obj, type=None): # This handles wrapping methods if hasattr(self.func, '__get__'): return self.clone(self.func.__get__(obj, type)) else: return self def __call__(self, req, *args, **kw): """Call this as a WSGI application or with a request""" func = self.func if func is None: if args or kw: raise TypeError( "Unbound %s can only be called with the function it will wrap" % self.__class__.__name__) func = req return self.clone(func) if isinstance(req, dict): if len(args) != 1 or kw: raise TypeError( "Calling %r as a WSGI app with the wrong signature") environ = req start_response = args[0] req = self.RequestClass(environ) req.response = req.ResponseClass() req.response.request = req try: args = self.args if self.middleware_wraps: args = (self.middleware_wraps,) + args resp = self.call_func(req, *args, **self.kwargs) except webob.exc.HTTPException, resp: pass if resp is None: ## FIXME: I'm not sure what this should be? resp = req.response elif isinstance(resp, basestring): body = resp resp = req.response resp.write(body) if resp is not req.response: resp = req.response.merge_cookies(resp) return resp(environ, start_response) else: return self.func(req, *args, **kw) def get(self, url, **kw): """Run a GET request on this application, returning a Response. This creates a request object using the given URL, and any other keyword arguments are set on the request object (e.g., ``last_modified=datetime.now()``). :: resp = myapp.get('/article?id=10') """ kw.setdefault('method', 'GET') req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, **kw) return self(req) def post(self, url, POST=None, **kw): """Run a POST request on this application, returning a Response. The second argument (`POST`) can be the request body (a string), or a dictionary or list of two-tuples, that give the POST body. :: resp = myapp.post('/article/new', dict(title='My Day', content='I ate a sandwich')) """ kw.setdefault('method', 'POST') req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, POST=POST, **kw) return self(req) def request(self, url, **kw): """Run a request on this application, returning a Response. This can be used for DELETE, PUT, etc requests. E.g.:: resp = myapp.request('/article/1', method='PUT', body='New article') """ req = self.RequestClass.blank(url, **kw) return self(req) def call_func(self, req, *args, **kwargs): """Call the wrapped function; override this in a subclass to change how the function is called.""" return self.func(req, *args, **kwargs) def clone(self, func=None, **kw): """Creates a copy/clone of this object, but with some parameters rebound """ kwargs = {} if func is not None: kwargs['func'] = func if self.RequestClass is not self.__class__.RequestClass: kwargs['RequestClass'] = self.RequestClass if self.args: kwargs['args'] = self.args if self.kwargs: kwargs['kwargs'] = self.kwargs kwargs.update(kw) return self.__class__(**kwargs) # To match @decorator: @property def undecorated(self): return self.func @classmethod def middleware(cls, middle_func=None, app=None, **kw): """Creates middleware Use this like:: @wsgify.middleware def restrict_ip(app, req, ips): if req.remote_addr not in ips: raise webob.exc.HTTPForbidden('Bad IP: %s' % req.remote_addr) return app @wsgify def app(req): return 'hi' wrapped = restrict_ip(app, ips=['127.0.0.1']) Or if you want to write output-rewriting middleware:: @wsgify.middleware def all_caps(app, req): resp = req.get_response(app) resp.body = resp.body.upper() return resp wrapped = all_caps(app) Note that you must call ``req.get_response(app)`` to get a WebOb response object. If you are not modifying the output, you can just return the app. As you can see, this method doesn't actually create an application, but creates "middleware" that can be bound to an application, along with "configuration" (that is, any other keyword arguments you pass when binding the application). """ if middle_func is None: return _UnboundMiddleware(cls, app, kw) if app is None: return _MiddlewareFactory(cls, middle_func, kw) return cls(middle_func, middleware_wraps=app, kwargs=kw) class _UnboundMiddleware(object): """A `wsgify.middleware` invocation that has not yet wrapped a middleware function; the intermediate object when you do something like ``@wsgify.middleware(RequestClass=Foo)`` """ def __init__(self, wrapper_class, app, kw): self.wrapper_class = wrapper_class self.app = app self.kw = kw def __repr__(self): if self.app: args = (self.app,) else: args = () return '%s.middleware(%s)' % ( self.wrapper_class.__name__, _format_args(args, self.kw)) def __call__(self, func, app=None): if app is None: app = self.app return self.wrapper_class.middleware(func, app=app, **self.kw) class _MiddlewareFactory(object): """A middleware that has not yet been bound to an application or configured. """ def __init__(self, wrapper_class, middleware, kw): self.wrapper_class = wrapper_class self.middleware = middleware self.kw = kw def __repr__(self): return '%s.middleware(%s)' % ( self.wrapper_class.__name__, _format_args((self.middleware,), self.kw)) def __call__(self, app, **config): kw = self.kw.copy() kw.update(config) return self.wrapper_class.middleware(self.middleware, app, **kw) def _func_name(func): """Returns the string name of a function, or method, as best it can""" if isinstance(func, (type, ClassType)): name = func.__name__ if func.__module__ not in ('__main__', '__builtin__'): name = '%s.%s' % (func.__module__, name) return name name = getattr(func, 'func_name', None) if name is None: name = repr(func) else: name_self = getattr(func, 'im_self', None) if name_self is not None: name = '%r.%s' % (name_self, name) else: name_class = getattr(func, 'im_class', None) if name_class is not None: name = '%s.%s' % (name_class.__name__, name) module = getattr(func, 'func_globals', {}).get('__name__') if module and module != '__main__': name = '%s.%s' % (module, name) return name def _format_args(args=(), kw=None, leading_comma=False, obj=None, names=None, defaults=None): if kw is None: kw = {} all = [repr(arg) for arg in args] if names is not None: assert obj is not None kw = {} if isinstance(names, basestring): names = names.split() for name in names: kw[name] = getattr(obj, name) if defaults is not None: kw = kw.copy() for name, value in defaults.items(): if name in kw and value == kw[name]: del kw[name] all.extend(['%s=%r' % (name, value) for name, value in sorted(kw.items())]) result = ', '.join(all) if result and leading_comma: result = ', ' + result return result
Python
""" HTTP Exception -------------- This module processes Python exceptions that relate to HTTP exceptions by defining a set of exceptions, all subclasses of HTTPException. Each exception, in addition to being a Python exception that can be raised and caught, is also a WSGI application and ``webob.Response`` object. This module defines exceptions according to RFC 2068 [1]_ : codes with 100-300 are not really errors; 400's are client errors, and 500's are server errors. According to the WSGI specification [2]_ , the application can call ``start_response`` more then once only under two conditions: (a) the response has not yet been sent, or (b) if the second and subsequent invocations of ``start_response`` have a valid ``exc_info`` argument obtained from ``sys.exc_info()``. The WSGI specification then requires the server or gateway to handle the case where content has been sent and then an exception was encountered. Exception HTTPException HTTPOk * 200 - HTTPOk * 201 - HTTPCreated * 202 - HTTPAccepted * 203 - HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation * 204 - HTTPNoContent * 205 - HTTPResetContent * 206 - HTTPPartialContent HTTPRedirection * 300 - HTTPMultipleChoices * 301 - HTTPMovedPermanently * 302 - HTTPFound * 303 - HTTPSeeOther * 304 - HTTPNotModified * 305 - HTTPUseProxy * 306 - Unused (not implemented, obviously) * 307 - HTTPTemporaryRedirect HTTPError HTTPClientError * 400 - HTTPBadRequest * 401 - HTTPUnauthorized * 402 - HTTPPaymentRequired * 403 - HTTPForbidden * 404 - HTTPNotFound * 405 - HTTPMethodNotAllowed * 406 - HTTPNotAcceptable * 407 - HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired * 408 - HTTPRequestTimeout * 409 - HTTPConflict * 410 - HTTPGone * 411 - HTTPLengthRequired * 412 - HTTPPreconditionFailed * 413 - HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge * 414 - HTTPRequestURITooLong * 415 - HTTPUnsupportedMediaType * 416 - HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable * 417 - HTTPExpectationFailed HTTPServerError * 500 - HTTPInternalServerError * 501 - HTTPNotImplemented * 502 - HTTPBadGateway * 503 - HTTPServiceUnavailable * 504 - HTTPGatewayTimeout * 505 - HTTPVersionNotSupported Subclass usage notes: --------------------- The HTTPException class is complicated by 4 factors: 1. The content given to the exception may either be plain-text or as html-text. 2. The template may want to have string-substitutions taken from the current ``environ`` or values from incoming headers. This is especially troublesome due to case sensitivity. 3. The final output may either be text/plain or text/html mime-type as requested by the client application. 4. Each exception has a default explanation, but those who raise exceptions may want to provide additional detail. Subclass attributes and call parameters are designed to provide an easier path through the complications. Attributes: ``code`` the HTTP status code for the exception ``title`` remainder of the status line (stuff after the code) ``explanation`` a plain-text explanation of the error message that is not subject to environment or header substitutions; it is accessible in the template via %(explanation)s ``detail`` a plain-text message customization that is not subject to environment or header substitutions; accessible in the template via %(detail)s ``body_template`` a content fragment (in HTML) used for environment and header substitution; the default template includes both the explanation and further detail provided in the message Parameters: ``detail`` a plain-text override of the default ``detail`` ``headers`` a list of (k,v) header pairs ``comment`` a plain-text additional information which is usually stripped/hidden for end-users ``body_template`` a string.Template object containing a content fragment in HTML that frames the explanation and further detail To override the template (which is HTML content) or the plain-text explanation, one must subclass the given exception; or customize it after it has been created. This particular breakdown of a message into explanation, detail and template allows both the creation of plain-text and html messages for various clients as well as error-free substitution of environment variables and headers. The subclasses of :class:`~_HTTPMove` (:class:`~HTTPMultipleChoices`, :class:`~HTTPMovedPermanently`, :class:`~HTTPFound`, :class:`~HTTPSeeOther`, :class:`~HTTPUseProxy` and :class:`~HTTPTemporaryRedirect`) are redirections that require a ``Location`` field. Reflecting this, these subclasses have two additional keyword arguments: ``location`` and ``add_slash``. Parameters: ``location`` to set the location immediately ``add_slash`` set to True to redirect to the same URL as the request, except with a ``/`` appended Relative URLs in the location will be resolved to absolute. References: .. [1] http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0333.html#error-handling .. [2] http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5 """ import re import urlparse import sys import types from string import Template from webob import Response, Request, html_escape newstyle_exceptions = issubclass(Exception, object) tag_re = re.compile(r'<.*?>', re.S) br_re = re.compile(r'<br.*?>', re.I|re.S) comment_re = re.compile(r'<!--|-->') def no_escape(value): if value is None: return '' if not isinstance(value, basestring): if hasattr(value, '__unicode__'): value = unicode(value) else: value = str(value) return value def strip_tags(value): value = value.replace('\n', ' ') value = value.replace('\r', '') value = br_re.sub('\n', value) value = comment_re.sub('', value) value = tag_re.sub('', value) return value class HTTPException(Exception): """ Exception used on pre-Python-2.5, where new-style classes cannot be used as an exception. """ def __init__(self, message, wsgi_response): Exception.__init__(self, message) self.__dict__['wsgi_response'] = wsgi_response def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return self.wsgi_response(environ, start_response) def exception(self): return self exception = property(exception) # for old style exceptions if not newstyle_exceptions: #pragma NO COVERAGE def __getattr__(self, attr): if not attr.startswith('_'): return getattr(self.wsgi_response, attr) else: raise AttributeError(attr) def __setattr__(self, attr, value): if attr.startswith('_') or attr in ('args',): self.__dict__[attr] = value else: setattr(self.wsgi_response, attr, value) class WSGIHTTPException(Response, HTTPException): ## You should set in subclasses: # code = 200 # title = 'OK' # explanation = 'why this happens' # body_template_obj = Template('response template') code = None title = None explanation = '' body_template_obj = Template('''\ ${explanation}<br /><br /> ${detail} ${html_comment} ''') plain_template_obj = Template('''\ ${status} ${body}''') html_template_obj = Template('''\ <html> <head> <title>${status}</title> </head> <body> <h1>${status}</h1> ${body} </body> </html>''') ## Set this to True for responses that should have no request body empty_body = False def __init__(self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, **kw): Response.__init__(self, status='%s %s' % (self.code, self.title), **kw) Exception.__init__(self, detail) if headers: self.headers.extend(headers) self.detail = detail self.comment = comment if body_template is not None: self.body_template = body_template self.body_template_obj = Template(body_template) if self.empty_body: del self.content_type del self.content_length def __str__(self): return self.detail or self.explanation def _make_body(self, environ, escape): args = { 'explanation': escape(self.explanation), 'detail': escape(self.detail or ''), 'comment': escape(self.comment or ''), } if self.comment: args['html_comment'] = '<!-- %s -->' % escape(self.comment) else: args['html_comment'] = '' body_tmpl = self.body_template_obj if WSGIHTTPException.body_template_obj is not self.body_template_obj: # Custom template; add headers to args for k, v in environ.items(): args[k] = escape(v) for k, v in self.headers.items(): args[k.lower()] = escape(v) t_obj = self.body_template_obj return t_obj.substitute(args) def plain_body(self, environ): body = self._make_body(environ, no_escape) body = strip_tags(body) return self.plain_template_obj.substitute(status=self.status, title=self.title, body=body) def html_body(self, environ): body = self._make_body(environ, html_escape) return self.html_template_obj.substitute(status=self.status, body=body) def generate_response(self, environ, start_response): if self.content_length is not None: del self.content_length headerlist = list(self.headerlist) accept = environ.get('HTTP_ACCEPT', '') if accept and 'html' in accept or '*/*' in accept: content_type = 'text/html' body = self.html_body(environ) else: content_type = 'text/plain' body = self.plain_body(environ) extra_kw = {} if isinstance(body, unicode): extra_kw.update(charset='utf-8') resp = Response(body, status=self.status, headerlist=headerlist, content_type=content_type, **extra_kw ) resp.content_type = content_type return resp(environ, start_response) def __call__(self, environ, start_response): # FIXME: ensure HEAD and GET response headers are identical if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD': start_response(self.status, self.headerlist) return [] if not self.body and not self.empty_body: return self.generate_response(environ, start_response) return Response.__call__(self, environ, start_response) def wsgi_response(self): return self wsgi_response = property(wsgi_response) def exception(self): if newstyle_exceptions: return self else: return HTTPException(self.detail, self) exception = property(exception) class HTTPError(WSGIHTTPException): """ base class for status codes in the 400's and 500's This is an exception which indicates that an error has occurred, and that any work in progress should not be committed. These are typically results in the 400's and 500's. """ class HTTPRedirection(WSGIHTTPException): """ base class for 300's status code (redirections) This is an abstract base class for 3xx redirection. It indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. It does not necessarly signal an error condition. """ class HTTPOk(WSGIHTTPException): """ Base class for the 200's status code (successful responses) code: 200, title: OK """ code = 200 title = 'OK' ############################################################ ## 2xx success ############################################################ class HTTPCreated(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created. code: 201, title: Created """ code = 201 title = 'Created' class HTTPAccepted(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. code: 202, title: Accepted """ code = 202 title = 'Accepted' explanation = 'The request is accepted for processing.' class HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. code: 203, title: Non-Authoritative Information """ code = 203 title = 'Non-Authoritative Information' class HTTPNoContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. code: 204, title: No Content """ code = 204 title = 'No Content' empty_body = True class HTTPResetContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the the server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. code: 205, title: Reset Content """ code = 205 title = 'Reset Content' empty_body = True class HTTPPartialContent(HTTPOk): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPOk` This indicates that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. code: 206, title: Partial Content """ code = 206 title = 'Partial Content' ## FIXME: add 207 Multi-Status (but it's complicated) ############################################################ ## 3xx redirection ############################################################ class _HTTPMove(HTTPRedirection): """ redirections which require a Location field Since a 'Location' header is a required attribute of 301, 302, 303, 305 and 307 (but not 304), this base class provides the mechanics to make this easy. You can provide a location keyword argument to set the location immediately. You may also give ``add_slash=True`` if you want to redirect to the same URL as the request, except with a ``/`` added to the end. Relative URLs in the location will be resolved to absolute. """ explanation = 'The resource has been moved to' body_template_obj = Template('''\ ${explanation} <a href="${location}">${location}</a>; you should be redirected automatically. ${detail} ${html_comment}''') def __init__(self, detail=None, headers=None, comment=None, body_template=None, location=None, add_slash=False): super(_HTTPMove, self).__init__( detail=detail, headers=headers, comment=comment, body_template=body_template) if location is not None: self.location = location if add_slash: raise TypeError( "You can only provide one of the arguments location and add_slash") self.add_slash = add_slash def __call__(self, environ, start_response): req = Request(environ) if self.add_slash: url = req.path_url url += '/' if req.environ.get('QUERY_STRING'): url += '?' + req.environ['QUERY_STRING'] self.location = url self.location = urlparse.urljoin(req.path_url, self.location) return super(_HTTPMove, self).__call__( environ, start_response) class HTTPMultipleChoices(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location, and agent-driven negotiation information is being provided so that the user can select a preferred representation and redirect its request to that location. code: 300, title: Multiple Choices """ code = 300 title = 'Multiple Choices' class HTTPMovedPermanently(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. code: 301, title: Moved Permanently """ code = 301 title = 'Moved Permanently' class HTTPFound(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 302, title: Found """ code = 302 title = 'Found' explanation = 'The resource was found at' # This one is safe after a POST (the redirected location will be # retrieved with GET): class HTTPSeeOther(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. code: 303, title: See Other """ code = 303 title = 'See Other' class HTTPNotModified(HTTPRedirection): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPRedirection` This indicates that if the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document has not been modified, the server SHOULD respond with this status code. code: 304, title: Not Modified """ # FIXME: this should include a date or etag header code = 304 title = 'Not Modified' empty_body = True class HTTPUseProxy(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. code: 305, title: Use Proxy """ # Not a move, but looks a little like one code = 305 title = 'Use Proxy' explanation = ( 'The resource must be accessed through a proxy located at') class HTTPTemporaryRedirect(_HTTPMove): """ subclass of :class:`~_HTTPMove` This indicates that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. code: 307, title: Temporary Redirect """ code = 307 title = 'Temporary Redirect' ############################################################ ## 4xx client error ############################################################ class HTTPClientError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 400's, where the client is in error This is an error condition in which the client is presumed to be in-error. This is an expected problem, and thus is not considered a bug. A server-side traceback is not warranted. Unless specialized, this is a '400 Bad Request' """ code = 400 title = 'Bad Request' explanation = ('The server could not comply with the request since\r\n' 'it is either malformed or otherwise incorrect.\r\n') class HTTPBadRequest(HTTPClientError): pass class HTTPUnauthorized(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request requires user authentication. code: 401, title: Unauthorized """ code = 401 title = 'Unauthorized' explanation = ( 'This server could not verify that you are authorized to\r\n' 'access the document you requested. Either you supplied the\r\n' 'wrong credentials (e.g., bad password), or your browser\r\n' 'does not understand how to supply the credentials required.\r\n') class HTTPPaymentRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` code: 402, title: Payment Required """ code = 402 title = 'Payment Required' explanation = ('Access was denied for financial reasons.') class HTTPForbidden(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. code: 403, title: Forbidden """ code = 403 title = 'Forbidden' explanation = ('Access was denied to this resource.') class HTTPNotFound(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server did not find anything matching the Request-URI. code: 404, title: Not Found """ code = 404 title = 'Not Found' explanation = ('The resource could not be found.') class HTTPMethodNotAllowed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. code: 405, title: Method Not Allowed """ code = 405 title = 'Method Not Allowed' # override template since we need an environment variable body_template_obj = Template('''\ The method ${REQUEST_METHOD} is not allowed for this resource. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPNotAcceptable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request. code: 406, title: Not Acceptable """ code = 406 title = 'Not Acceptable' # override template since we need an environment variable template = Template('''\ The resource could not be generated that was acceptable to your browser (content of type ${HTTP_ACCEPT}. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This is similar to 401, but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. code: 407, title: Proxy Authentication Required """ code = 407 title = 'Proxy Authentication Required' explanation = ('Authentication with a local proxy is needed.') class HTTPRequestTimeout(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. code: 408, title: Request Timeout """ code = 408 title = 'Request Timeout' explanation = ('The server has waited too long for the request to ' 'be sent by the client.') class HTTPConflict(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. code: 409, title: Conflict """ code = 409 title = 'Conflict' explanation = ('There was a conflict when trying to complete ' 'your request.') class HTTPGone(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the requested resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. code: 410, title: Gone """ code = 410 title = 'Gone' explanation = ('This resource is no longer available. No forwarding ' 'address is given.') class HTTPLengthRequired(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the the server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-Length. code: 411, title: Length Required """ code = 411 title = 'Length Required' explanation = ('Content-Length header required.') class HTTPPreconditionFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. code: 412, title: Precondition Failed """ code = 412 title = 'Precondition Failed' explanation = ('Request precondition failed.') class HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to process a request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. code: 413, title: Request Entity Too Large """ code = 413 title = 'Request Entity Too Large' explanation = ('The body of your request was too large for this server.') class HTTPRequestURITooLong(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. code: 414, title: Request-URI Too Long """ code = 414 title = 'Request-URI Too Long' explanation = ('The request URI was too long for this server.') class HTTPUnsupportedMediaType(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method. code: 415, title: Unsupported Media Type """ code = 415 title = 'Unsupported Media Type' # override template since we need an environment variable template_obj = Template('''\ The request media type ${CONTENT_TYPE} is not supported by this server. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPRequestRangeNotSatisfiable(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` The server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field, and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request did not include an If-Range request-header field. code: 416, title: Request Range Not Satisfiable """ code = 416 title = 'Request Range Not Satisfiable' explanation = ('The Range requested is not available.') class HTTPExpectationFailed(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indidcates that the expectation given in an Expect request-header field could not be met by this server. code: 417, title: Expectation Failed """ code = 417 title = 'Expectation Failed' explanation = ('Expectation failed.') class HTTPUnprocessableEntity(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the server is unable to process the contained instructions. Only for WebDAV. code: 422, title: Unprocessable Entity """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 422 title = 'Unprocessable Entity' explanation = 'Unable to process the contained instructions' class HTTPLocked(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the resource is locked. Only for WebDAV code: 423, title: Locked """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 423 title = 'Locked' explanation = ('The resource is locked') class HTTPFailedDependency(HTTPClientError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPClientError` This indicates that the method could not be performed because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed. Only for WebDAV. code: 424, title: Failed Dependency """ ## Note: from WebDAV code = 424 title = 'Failed Dependency' explanation = ('The method could not be performed because the requested ' 'action dependended on another action and that action failed') ############################################################ ## 5xx Server Error ############################################################ # Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in # which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of # performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the # server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error # situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User # agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response # codes are applicable to any request method. class HTTPServerError(HTTPError): """ base class for the 500's, where the server is in-error This is an error condition in which the server is presumed to be in-error. This is usually unexpected, and thus requires a traceback; ideally, opening a support ticket for the customer. Unless specialized, this is a '500 Internal Server Error' """ code = 500 title = 'Internal Server Error' explanation = ( 'The server has either erred or is incapable of performing\r\n' 'the requested operation.\r\n') class HTTPInternalServerError(HTTPServerError): pass class HTTPNotImplemented(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request. code: 501, title: Not Implemented """ code = 501 title = 'Not Implemented' template = Template(''' The request method ${REQUEST_METHOD} is not implemented for this server. <br /><br /> ${detail}''') class HTTPBadGateway(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request. code: 502, title: Bad Gateway """ code = 502 title = 'Bad Gateway' explanation = ('Bad gateway.') class HTTPServiceUnavailable(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. code: 503, title: Service Unavailable """ code = 503 title = 'Service Unavailable' explanation = ('The server is currently unavailable. ' 'Please try again at a later time.') class HTTPGatewayTimeout(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g. HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g. DNS) it needed to access in attempting to complete the request. code: 504, title: Gateway Timeout """ code = 504 title = 'Gateway Timeout' explanation = ('The gateway has timed out.') class HTTPVersionNotSupported(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not support, or refuses to support, the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. code: 505, title: HTTP Version Not Supported """ code = 505 title = 'HTTP Version Not Supported' explanation = ('The HTTP version is not supported.') class HTTPInsufficientStorage(HTTPServerError): """ subclass of :class:`~HTTPServerError` This indicates that the server does not have enough space to save the resource. code: 507, title: Insufficient Storage """ code = 507 title = 'Insufficient Storage' explanation = ('There was not enough space to save the resource') class HTTPExceptionMiddleware(object): """ Middleware that catches exceptions in the sub-application. This does not catch exceptions in the app_iter; only during the initial calling of the application. This should be put *very close* to applications that might raise these exceptions. This should not be applied globally; letting *expected* exceptions raise through the WSGI stack is dangerous. """ def __init__(self, application): self.application = application def __call__(self, environ, start_response): try: return self.application(environ, start_response) except HTTPException, exc: parent_exc_info = sys.exc_info() def repl_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): if exc_info is None: exc_info = parent_exc_info return start_response(status, headers, exc_info) return exc(environ, repl_start_response) try: from paste import httpexceptions except ImportError: # pragma: no cover # Without Paste we don't need to do this fixup pass else: # pragma: no cover for name in dir(httpexceptions): obj = globals().get(name) if (obj and isinstance(obj, type) and issubclass(obj, HTTPException) and obj is not HTTPException and obj is not WSGIHTTPException): obj.__bases__ = obj.__bases__ + (getattr(httpexceptions, name),) del name, obj, httpexceptions __all__ = ['HTTPExceptionMiddleware', 'status_map'] status_map={} for name, value in globals().items(): if (isinstance(value, (type, types.ClassType)) and issubclass(value, HTTPException) and not name.startswith('_')): __all__.append(name) if getattr(value, 'code', None): status_map[value.code]=value if hasattr(value, 'explanation'): value.explanation = ' '.join(value.explanation.strip().split()) del name, value
Python
def rfc_reference(header, section): if not section: return '' major_section = section.split('.')[0] link = 'http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec%s.html#sec%s' % (major_section, section) if header.startswith('HTTP_'): header = header[5:].title().replace('_', '-') return " For more information on %s see `section %s <%s>`_." % (header, section, link) status_reasons = { # Status Codes # Informational 100: 'Continue', 101: 'Switching Protocols', 102: 'Processing', # Successful 200: 'OK', 201: 'Created', 202: 'Accepted', 203: 'Non Authoritative Information', 204: 'No Content', 205: 'Reset Content', 206: 'Partial Content', 207: 'Multi Status', 226: 'IM Used', # Redirection 300: 'Multiple Choices', 301: 'Moved Permanently', 302: 'Found', 303: 'See Other', 304: 'Not Modified', 305: 'Use Proxy', 307: 'Temporary Redirect', # Client Error 400: 'Bad Request', 401: 'Unauthorized', 402: 'Payment Required', 403: 'Forbidden', 404: 'Not Found', 405: 'Method Not Allowed', 406: 'Not Acceptable', 407: 'Proxy Authentication Required', 408: 'Request Timeout', 409: 'Conflict', 410: 'Gone', 411: 'Length Required', 412: 'Precondition Failed', 413: 'Request Entity Too Large', 414: 'Request URI Too Long', 415: 'Unsupported Media Type', 416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable', 417: 'Expectation Failed', 422: 'Unprocessable Entity', 423: 'Locked', 424: 'Failed Dependency', 426: 'Upgrade Required', # Server Error 500: 'Internal Server Error', 501: 'Not Implemented', 502: 'Bad Gateway', 503: 'Service Unavailable', 504: 'Gateway Timeout', 505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported', 507: 'Insufficient Storage', 510: 'Not Extended', }
Python
class Range(object): """ Represents the Range header. This only represents ``bytes`` ranges, which are the only kind specified in HTTP. This can represent multiple sets of ranges, but no place else is this multi-range facility supported. """ def __init__(self, ranges): # expect non-inclusive for begin, end in ranges: assert end is None or end >= 0, "Bad ranges: %r" % ranges self.ranges = ranges def satisfiable(self, length): """ Returns true if this range can be satisfied by the resource with the given byte length. """ for begin, end in self.ranges: # FIXME: bytes=-100 request on a one-byte entity is not satifiable # neither is bytes=100- (spec seems to be unclear on this) if end is not None and end >= length: return False return True def range_for_length(self, length): """ *If* there is only one range, and *if* it is satisfiable by the given length, then return a (begin, end) non-inclusive range of bytes to serve. Otherwise return None """ if length is None or len(self.ranges) != 1: return None start, end = self.ranges[0] if end is None: end = length if start < 0: start += length if _is_content_range_valid(start, end, length): stop = min(end, length) return (start, stop) else: return None def content_range(self, length): """ Works like range_for_length; returns None or a ContentRange object You can use it like:: response.content_range = req.range.content_range(response.content_length) Though it's still up to you to actually serve that content range! """ range = self.range_for_length(length) if range is None: return None return ContentRange(range[0], range[1], length) def __str__(self): parts = [] for begin, end in self.ranges: if end is None: if begin >= 0: parts.append('%s-' % begin) else: parts.append(str(begin)) else: if begin < 0: raise ValueError("(%r, %r) should have a non-negative first value" % (begin, end)) if end <= 0: raise ValueError("(%r, %r) should have a positive second value" % (begin, end)) parts.append('%s-%s' % (begin, end-1)) return 'bytes=%s' % ','.join(parts) def __repr__(self): return '<%s ranges=%s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(map(repr, self.ranges))) @classmethod def parse(cls, header): """ Parse the header; may return None if header is invalid """ bytes = cls.parse_bytes(header) if bytes is None: return None units, ranges = bytes if units != 'bytes' or ranges is None: return None return cls(ranges) @staticmethod def parse_bytes(header): """ Parse a Range header into (bytes, list_of_ranges). ranges in list_of_ranges are non-inclusive (unlike the HTTP header). Will return None if the header is invalid """ if not header: raise TypeError("The header must not be empty") ranges = [] last_end = 0 try: (units, range) = header.split("=", 1) units = units.strip().lower() for item in range.split(","): if '-' not in item: raise ValueError() if item.startswith('-'): # This is a range asking for a trailing chunk. if last_end < 0: raise ValueError('too many end ranges') begin = int(item) end = None last_end = -1 else: (begin, end) = item.split("-", 1) begin = int(begin) if begin < last_end or last_end < 0: raise ValueError('begin<last_end, or last_end<0') if end.strip(): end = int(end) + 1 # return val is non-inclusive if begin >= end: raise ValueError('begin>end') else: end = None last_end = end ranges.append((begin, end)) except ValueError, e: # In this case where the Range header is malformed, # section 14.16 says to treat the request as if the # Range header was not present. How do I log this? return None return (units, ranges) class ContentRange(object): """ Represents the Content-Range header This header is ``start-stop/length``, where start-stop and length can be ``*`` (represented as None in the attributes). """ def __init__(self, start, stop, length): if not _is_content_range_valid(start, stop, length): raise ValueError("Bad start:stop/length: %r-%r/%r" % (start, stop, length)) self.start = start self.stop = stop # this is python-style range end (non-inclusive) self.length = length def __repr__(self): return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self) def __str__(self): if self.length is None: length = '*' else: length = self.length if self.start is None: assert self.stop is None return 'bytes */%s' % length stop = self.stop - 1 # from non-inclusive to HTTP-style return 'bytes %s-%s/%s' % (self.start, stop, length) def __iter__(self): """ Mostly so you can unpack this, like: start, stop, length = res.content_range """ return iter([self.start, self.stop, self.length]) @classmethod def parse(cls, value): """ Parse the header. May return None if it cannot parse. """ if value is None: return None value = value.strip() if not value.startswith('bytes '): # Unparseable return None value = value[len('bytes '):].strip() if '/' not in value: # Invalid, no length given return None range, length = value.split('/', 1) if length == '*': length = None elif length.isdigit(): length = int(length) else: return None # invalid length if range == '*': return cls(None, None, length) elif '-' not in range: # Invalid, no range return None else: start, stop = range.split('-', 1) try: start = int(start) stop = int(stop) stop += 1 # convert to non-inclusive except ValueError: # Parse problem return None if _is_content_range_valid(start, stop, length, response=True): return cls(start, stop, length) return None def _is_content_range_valid(start, stop, length, response=False): if (start is None) != (stop is None): return False elif start is None: return length is None or length >= 0 elif length is None: return 0 <= start < stop elif start >= stop: return False elif response and stop > length: # "content-range: bytes 0-50/10" is invalid for a response # "range: bytes 0-50" is valid for a request to a 10-bytes entity return False else: return 0 <= start < length
Python
import cgi from webob.datetime_utils import * from webob.request import * from webob.response import * # Pylons has imported UnicodeMultiDict directly from this location; so # we're putting it here just to help them out (though it has also been # fixed in Pylons tip on 17 Dec 2009) from webob.multidict import UnicodeMultiDict __all__ = [ 'Request', 'Response', 'UTC', 'day', 'week', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'month', 'year', 'html_escape' ] def html_escape(s): """HTML-escape a string or object This converts any non-string objects passed into it to strings (actually, using ``unicode()``). All values returned are non-unicode strings (using ``&#num;`` entities for all non-ASCII characters). None is treated specially, and returns the empty string. """ if s is None: return '' if hasattr(s, '__html__'): return s.__html__() if not isinstance(s, basestring): if hasattr(s, '__unicode__'): s = unicode(s) else: s = str(s) s = cgi.escape(s, True) if isinstance(s, unicode): s = s.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace') return s BaseRequest.ResponseClass = Response Response.RequestClass = Request
Python
import re, urlparse, zlib, struct from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta from webob.headers import ResponseHeaders from webob.cachecontrol import CacheControl, serialize_cache_control from webob.descriptors import * from webob.datetime_utils import * from webob.cookies import Cookie, Morsel from webob.util import status_reasons from webob.request import StringIO __all__ = ['Response'] _PARAM_RE = re.compile(r'([a-z0-9]+)=(?:"([^"]*)"|([a-z0-9_.-]*))', re.I) _OK_PARAM_RE = re.compile(r'^[a-z0-9_.-]+$', re.I) _gzip_header = '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\xff' class Response(object): """ Represents a WSGI response """ default_content_type = 'text/html' default_charset = 'UTF-8' unicode_errors = 'strict' default_conditional_response = False # # __init__, from_file, copy # def __init__(self, body=None, status=None, headerlist=None, app_iter=None, request=None, content_type=None, conditional_response=None, **kw): if app_iter is None: if body is None: body = '' elif body is not None: raise TypeError( "You may only give one of the body and app_iter arguments") if status is None: self._status = '200 OK' else: self.status = status if headerlist is None: self._headerlist = [] else: self._headerlist = headerlist self._headers = None if request is not None: if hasattr(request, 'environ'): self._environ = request.environ self._request = request else: self._environ = request self._request = None else: self._environ = self._request = None if content_type is None: content_type = self.default_content_type charset = None if 'charset' in kw: charset = kw.pop('charset') elif self.default_charset: if content_type and (content_type == 'text/html' or content_type.startswith('text/') or content_type.startswith('application/xml') or (content_type.startswith('application/') and content_type.endswith('+xml'))): charset = self.default_charset if content_type and charset: content_type += '; charset=' + charset elif self._headerlist and charset: self.charset = charset if not self._headerlist and content_type: self._headerlist.append(('Content-Type', content_type)) if conditional_response is None: self.conditional_response = self.default_conditional_response else: self.conditional_response = bool(conditional_response) if app_iter is not None: self._app_iter = app_iter self._body = None else: if isinstance(body, unicode): if charset is None: raise TypeError( "You cannot set the body to a unicode value without a charset") body = body.encode(charset) self._body = body if headerlist is None: self._headerlist.append(('Content-Length', str(len(body)))) else: self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(body)) self._app_iter = None for name, value in kw.iteritems(): if not hasattr(self.__class__, name): # Not a basic attribute raise TypeError( "Unexpected keyword: %s=%r" % (name, value)) setattr(self, name, value) @classmethod def from_file(cls, fp): """Reads a response from a file-like object (it must implement ``.read(size)`` and ``.readline()``). It will read up to the end of the response, not the end of the file. This reads the response as represented by ``str(resp)``; it may not read every valid HTTP response properly. Responses must have a ``Content-Length``""" headerlist = [] status = fp.readline().strip() while 1: line = fp.readline().strip() if not line: # end of headers break try: header_name, value = line.split(':', 1) except ValueError: raise ValueError('Bad header line: %r' % line) headerlist.append((header_name, value.strip())) r = cls( status=status, headerlist=headerlist, app_iter=(), ) r.body = fp.read(r.content_length or 0) return r def copy(self): """Makes a copy of the response""" # we need to do this for app_iter to be reusable app_iter = list(self.app_iter) iter_close(self.app_iter) # and this to make sure app_iter instances are different self.app_iter = list(app_iter) return self.__class__( content_type=False, status=self._status, headerlist=self._headerlist[:], app_iter=app_iter, conditional_response=self.conditional_response) # # __repr__, __str__ # def __repr__(self): return '<%s at 0x%x %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, abs(id(self)), self.status) def __str__(self, skip_body=False): parts = [self.status] if not skip_body: # Force enumeration of the body (to set content-length) self.body parts += map('%s: %s'.__mod__, self.headerlist) if not skip_body and self.body: parts += ['', self.body] return '\n'.join(parts) # # status, status_int # def _status__get(self): """ The status string """ return self._status def _status__set(self, value): if isinstance(value, unicode): # Status messages have to be ASCII safe, so this is OK: value = str(value) if isinstance(value, int): value = str(value) if not isinstance(value, str): raise TypeError( "You must set status to a string or integer (not %s)" % type(value)) if ' ' not in value: # Need to add a reason: code = int(value) reason = status_reasons[code] value += ' ' + reason self._status = value status = property(_status__get, _status__set, doc=_status__get.__doc__) def _status_int__get(self): """ The status as an integer """ return int(self._status.split()[0]) def _status_int__set(self, code): self._status = '%d %s' % (code, status_reasons[code]) status_int = property(_status_int__get, _status_int__set, doc=_status_int__get.__doc__) status_code = deprecated_property( status_int, 'status_code', 'use .status or .status_int instead', warning=False) # # headerslist, headers # def _headerlist__get(self): """ The list of response headers """ return self._headerlist def _headerlist__set(self, value): self._headers = None if not isinstance(value, list): if hasattr(value, 'items'): value = value.items() value = list(value) self._headerlist = value def _headerlist__del(self): self.headerlist = [] headerlist = property(_headerlist__get, _headerlist__set, _headerlist__del, doc=_headerlist__get.__doc__) def _headers__get(self): """ The headers in a dictionary-like object """ if self._headers is None: self._headers = ResponseHeaders.view_list(self.headerlist) return self._headers def _headers__set(self, value): if hasattr(value, 'items'): value = value.items() self.headerlist = value self._headers = None headers = property(_headers__get, _headers__set, doc=_headers__get.__doc__) # # body # def _body__get(self): """ The body of the response, as a ``str``. This will read in the entire app_iter if necessary. """ if self._body is None: if self._app_iter is None: raise AttributeError("No body has been set") try: body = self._body = ''.join(self._app_iter) finally: iter_close(self._app_iter) if isinstance(body, unicode): app_iter_repr = repr(self._app_iter) if len(app_iter_repr) > 50: app_iter_repr = ( app_iter_repr[:30] + '...' + app_iter_repr[-10:]) raise ValueError( 'An item of the app_iter (%s) was unicode, causing a ' 'unicode body: %r' % (app_iter_repr, body)) self._app_iter = None if (self._environ is not None and self._environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD'): assert len(body) == 0, "HEAD responses must be empty" elif len(body) == 0: # if body-length is zero, we assume it's a HEAD response and # leave content_length alone pass # pragma: no cover (no idea why necessary, it's hit) elif self.content_length is None: self.content_length = len(body) elif self.content_length != len(body): raise AssertionError( "Content-Length is different from actual app_iter length " "(%r!=%r)" % (self.content_length, len(body)) ) return self._body def _body__set(self, value): if isinstance(value, unicode): raise TypeError( "You cannot set Response.body to a unicode object (use " "Response.unicode_body)") if not isinstance(value, str): raise TypeError( "You can only set the body to a str (not %s)" % type(value)) try: if self._body or self._app_iter: self.content_md5 = None except AttributeError: # if setting body early in initialization _body and _app_iter # don't exist yet pass self._body = value self.content_length = len(value) self._app_iter = None def _body__del(self): self._body = None self.content_length = None self._app_iter = None body = property(_body__get, _body__set, _body__del, doc=_body__get.__doc__) # # unicode_body # def _unicode_body__get(self): """ Get/set the unicode value of the body (using the charset of the Content-Type) """ if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Response.unicode_body unless charset is set") body = self.body return body.decode(self.charset, self.unicode_errors) def _unicode_body__set(self, value): if not self.charset: raise AttributeError( "You cannot access Response.unicode_body unless charset is set") if not isinstance(value, unicode): raise TypeError( "You can only set Response.unicode_body to a unicode string " "(not %s)" % type(value)) self.body = value.encode(self.charset) def _unicode_body__del(self): del self.body unicode_body = property(_unicode_body__get, _unicode_body__set, _unicode_body__del, doc=_unicode_body__get.__doc__) ubody = property(_unicode_body__get, _unicode_body__set, _unicode_body__del, doc="Alias for unicode_body") # # body_file, write(text) # def _body_file__get(self): """ A file-like object that can be used to write to the body. If you passed in a list app_iter, that app_iter will be modified by writes. """ return ResponseBodyFile(self) def _body_file__del(self): del self.body body_file = property(_body_file__get, fdel=_body_file__del, doc=_body_file__get.__doc__) def write(self, text): if isinstance(text, unicode): self.unicode_body += text else: self.body += text # # app_iter # def _app_iter__get(self): """ Returns the app_iter of the response. If body was set, this will create an app_iter from that body (a single-item list) """ if self._app_iter is None: if self._body is None: raise AttributeError("No body or app_iter has been set") return [self._body] else: return self._app_iter def _app_iter__set(self, value): if self._body is not None: # Undo the automatically-set content-length self.content_length = None self._app_iter = value self._body = None def _app_iter__del(self): self.content_length = None self._app_iter = self._body = None app_iter = property(_app_iter__get, _app_iter__set, _app_iter__del, doc=_app_iter__get.__doc__) # # headers attrs # allow = list_header('Allow', '14.7') ## FIXME: I realize response.vary += 'something' won't work. It should. ## Maybe for all listy headers. vary = list_header('Vary', '14.44') content_length = converter( header_getter('Content-Length', '14.17'), parse_int, serialize_int, 'int') content_encoding = header_getter('Content-Encoding', '14.11') content_language = list_header('Content-Language', '14.12') content_location = header_getter('Content-Location', '14.14') content_md5 = header_getter('Content-MD5', '14.14') content_disposition = header_getter('Content-Disposition', '19.5.1') accept_ranges = header_getter('Accept-Ranges', '14.5') content_range = converter( header_getter('Content-Range', '14.16'), parse_content_range, serialize_content_range, 'ContentRange object') date = date_header('Date', '14.18') expires = date_header('Expires', '14.21') last_modified = date_header('Last-Modified', '14.29') etag = converter( header_getter('ETag', '14.19'), parse_etag_response, serialize_etag_response, 'Entity tag') location = header_getter('Location', '14.30') pragma = header_getter('Pragma', '14.32') age = converter( header_getter('Age', '14.6'), parse_int_safe, serialize_int, 'int') retry_after = converter( header_getter('Retry-After', '14.37'), parse_date_delta, serialize_date_delta, 'HTTP date or delta seconds') server = header_getter('Server', '14.38') # FIXME: the standard allows this to be a list of challenges www_authenticate = converter( header_getter('WWW-Authenticate', '14.47'), parse_auth, serialize_auth, ) # # charset # def _charset__get(self): """ Get/set the charset (in the Content-Type) """ header = self.headers.get('Content-Type') if not header: return None match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: return match.group(1) return None def _charset__set(self, charset): if charset is None: del self.charset return header = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) if header is None: raise AttributeError("You cannot set the charset when no " "content-type is defined") match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: header = header[:match.start()] + header[match.end():] header += '; charset=%s' % charset self.headers['Content-Type'] = header def _charset__del(self): header = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) if header is None: # Don't need to remove anything return match = CHARSET_RE.search(header) if match: header = header[:match.start()] + header[match.end():] self.headers['Content-Type'] = header charset = property(_charset__get, _charset__set, _charset__del, doc=_charset__get.__doc__) # # content_type # def _content_type__get(self): """ Get/set the Content-Type header (or None), *without* the charset or any parameters. If you include parameters (or ``;`` at all) when setting the content_type, any existing parameters will be deleted; otherwise they will be preserved. """ header = self.headers.get('Content-Type') if not header: return None return header.split(';', 1)[0] def _content_type__set(self, value): if not value: self._content_type__del() return if ';' not in value: header = self.headers.get('Content-Type', '') if ';' in header: params = header.split(';', 1)[1] value += ';' + params self.headers['Content-Type'] = value def _content_type__del(self): self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None) content_type = property(_content_type__get, _content_type__set, _content_type__del, doc=_content_type__get.__doc__) # # content_type_params # def _content_type_params__get(self): """ A dictionary of all the parameters in the content type. (This is not a view, set to change, modifications of the dict would not be applied otherwise) """ params = self.headers.get('Content-Type', '') if ';' not in params: return {} params = params.split(';', 1)[1] result = {} for match in _PARAM_RE.finditer(params): result[match.group(1)] = match.group(2) or match.group(3) or '' return result def _content_type_params__set(self, value_dict): if not value_dict: del self.content_type_params return params = [] for k, v in sorted(value_dict.items()): if not _OK_PARAM_RE.search(v): v = '"%s"' % v.replace('"', '\\"') params.append('; %s=%s' % (k, v)) ct = self.headers.pop('Content-Type', '').split(';', 1)[0] ct += ''.join(params) self.headers['Content-Type'] = ct def _content_type_params__del(self): self.headers['Content-Type'] = self.headers.get( 'Content-Type', '').split(';', 1)[0] content_type_params = property( _content_type_params__get, _content_type_params__set, _content_type_params__del, _content_type_params__get.__doc__ ) # # set_cookie, unset_cookie, delete_cookie, merge_cookies # def set_cookie(self, key, value='', max_age=None, path='/', domain=None, secure=False, httponly=False, comment=None, expires=None, overwrite=False): """ Set (add) a cookie for the response """ if overwrite: self.unset_cookie(key, strict=False) if value is None: # delete the cookie from the client value = '' max_age = 0 expires = timedelta(days=-5) elif expires is None and max_age is not None: if isinstance(max_age, int): max_age = timedelta(seconds=max_age) expires = datetime.utcnow() + max_age elif max_age is None and expires is not None: max_age = expires - datetime.utcnow() if isinstance(value, unicode): value = value.encode('utf8') m = Morsel(key, value) m.path = path m.domain = domain m.comment = comment m.expires = expires m.max_age = max_age m.secure = secure m.httponly = httponly self.headerlist.append(('Set-Cookie', str(m))) def delete_cookie(self, key, path='/', domain=None): """ Delete a cookie from the client. Note that path and domain must match how the cookie was originally set. This sets the cookie to the empty string, and max_age=0 so that it should expire immediately. """ self.set_cookie(key, None, path=path, domain=domain) def unset_cookie(self, key, strict=True): """ Unset a cookie with the given name (remove it from the response). """ existing = self.headers.getall('Set-Cookie') if not existing and not strict: return cookies = Cookie() for header in existing: cookies.load(header) if key in cookies: del cookies[key] del self.headers['Set-Cookie'] for m in cookies.values(): self.headerlist.append(('Set-Cookie', str(m))) elif strict: raise KeyError("No cookie has been set with the name %r" % key) def merge_cookies(self, resp): """Merge the cookies that were set on this response with the given `resp` object (which can be any WSGI application). If the `resp` is a :class:`webob.Response` object, then the other object will be modified in-place. """ if not self.headers.get('Set-Cookie'): return resp if isinstance(resp, Response): for header in self.headers.getall('Set-Cookie'): resp.headers.add('Set-Cookie', header) return resp else: c_headers = [h for h in self.headerlist if h[0].lower() == 'set-cookie'] def repl_app(environ, start_response): def repl_start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None): return start_response(status, headers+c_headers, exc_info=exc_info) return resp(environ, repl_start_response) return repl_app # # cache_control # _cache_control_obj = None def _cache_control__get(self): """ Get/set/modify the Cache-Control header (section `14.9 <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9>`_) """ value = self.headers.get('cache-control', '') if self._cache_control_obj is None: self._cache_control_obj = CacheControl.parse( value, updates_to=self._update_cache_control, type='response') self._cache_control_obj.header_value = value if self._cache_control_obj.header_value != value: new_obj = CacheControl.parse(value, type='response') self._cache_control_obj.properties.clear() self._cache_control_obj.properties.update(new_obj.properties) self._cache_control_obj.header_value = value return self._cache_control_obj def _cache_control__set(self, value): # This actually becomes a copy if not value: value = "" if isinstance(value, dict): value = CacheControl(value, 'response') if isinstance(value, unicode): value = str(value) if isinstance(value, str): if self._cache_control_obj is None: self.headers['Cache-Control'] = value return value = CacheControl.parse(value, 'response') cache = self.cache_control cache.properties.clear() cache.properties.update(value.properties) def _cache_control__del(self): self.cache_control = {} def _update_cache_control(self, prop_dict): value = serialize_cache_control(prop_dict) if not value: if 'Cache-Control' in self.headers: del self.headers['Cache-Control'] else: self.headers['Cache-Control'] = value cache_control = property( _cache_control__get, _cache_control__set, _cache_control__del, doc=_cache_control__get.__doc__) # # cache_expires # def _cache_expires(self, seconds=0, **kw): """ Set expiration on this request. This sets the response to expire in the given seconds, and any other attributes are used for cache_control (e.g., private=True, etc). """ if seconds is True: seconds = 0 elif isinstance(seconds, timedelta): seconds = timedelta_to_seconds(seconds) cache_control = self.cache_control if seconds is None: pass elif not seconds: # To really expire something, you have to force a # bunch of these cache control attributes, and IE may # not pay attention to those still so we also set # Expires. cache_control.no_store = True cache_control.no_cache = True cache_control.must_revalidate = True cache_control.max_age = 0 cache_control.post_check = 0 cache_control.pre_check = 0 self.expires = datetime.utcnow() if 'last-modified' not in self.headers: self.last_modified = datetime.utcnow() self.pragma = 'no-cache' else: cache_control.max_age = seconds self.expires = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=seconds) for name, value in kw.items(): setattr(cache_control, name, value) cache_expires = property(lambda self: self._cache_expires, _cache_expires) # # encode_content, decode_content, md5_etag # def encode_content(self, encoding='gzip', lazy=False): """ Encode the content with the given encoding (only gzip and identity are supported). """ assert encoding in ('identity', 'gzip'), \ "Unknown encoding: %r" % encoding if encoding == 'identity': self.decode_content() return if self.content_encoding == 'gzip': return if lazy: self.app_iter = gzip_app_iter(self.app_iter) self.content_length = None else: self.app_iter = list(gzip_app_iter(self.app_iter)) self.content_length = sum(map(len, self.app_iter)) self.content_encoding = 'gzip' def decode_content(self): content_encoding = self.content_encoding or 'identity' if content_encoding == 'identity': return if content_encoding not in ('gzip', 'deflate'): raise ValueError( "I don't know how to decode the content %s" % content_encoding) if content_encoding == 'gzip': from gzip import GzipFile f = StringIO(self.body) gzip_f = GzipFile(filename='', mode='r', fileobj=f) self.body = gzip_f.read() self.content_encoding = None gzip_f.close() f.close() else: # Weird feature: http://bugs.python.org/issue5784 self.body = zlib.decompress(self.body, -15) self.content_encoding = None def md5_etag(self, body=None, set_content_md5=False): """ Generate an etag for the response object using an MD5 hash of the body (the body parameter, or ``self.body`` if not given) Sets ``self.etag`` If ``set_content_md5`` is True sets ``self.content_md5`` as well """ if body is None: body = self.body try: # pragma: no cover from hashlib import md5 except ImportError: # pragma: no cover from md5 import md5 md5_digest = md5(body).digest().encode('base64').replace('\n', '') self.etag = md5_digest.strip('=') if set_content_md5: self.content_md5 = md5_digest # # request # def _request__get(self): """ Return the request associated with this response if any. """ if self._request is None and self._environ is not None: self._request = self.RequestClass(self._environ) return self._request def _request__set(self, value): if value is None: del self.request return if isinstance(value, dict): self._environ = value self._request = None else: self._request = value self._environ = value.environ def _request__del(self): self._request = self._environ = None request = property(_request__get, _request__set, _request__del, doc=_request__get.__doc__) # # environ # def _environ__get(self): """ Get/set the request environ associated with this response, if any. """ return self._environ def _environ__set(self, value): if value is None: del self.environ self._environ = value self._request = None def _environ__del(self): self._request = self._environ = None environ = property(_environ__get, _environ__set, _environ__del, doc=_environ__get.__doc__) # # __call__, conditional_response_app # def __call__(self, environ, start_response): """ WSGI application interface """ if self.conditional_response: return self.conditional_response_app(environ, start_response) headerlist = self._abs_headerlist(environ) start_response(self.status, headerlist) if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD': # Special case here... return EmptyResponse(self.app_iter) return self.app_iter def _abs_headerlist(self, environ): """Returns a headerlist, with the Location header possibly made absolute given the request environ. """ headerlist = self.headerlist for name, value in headerlist: if name.lower() == 'location': if SCHEME_RE.search(value): break new_location = urlparse.urljoin( _request_uri(environ), value) headerlist = list(headerlist) idx = headerlist.index((name, value)) headerlist[idx] = (name, new_location) break return headerlist _safe_methods = ('GET', 'HEAD') def conditional_response_app(self, environ, start_response): """ Like the normal __call__ interface, but checks conditional headers: * If-Modified-Since (304 Not Modified; only on GET, HEAD) * If-None-Match (304 Not Modified; only on GET, HEAD) * Range (406 Partial Content; only on GET, HEAD) """ req = self.RequestClass(environ) status304 = False headerlist = self._abs_headerlist(environ) if req.method in self._safe_methods: if req.if_none_match and self.etag: status304 = self.etag in req.if_none_match elif req.if_modified_since and self.last_modified: status304 = self.last_modified <= req.if_modified_since if status304: start_response('304 Not Modified', filter_headers(headerlist)) return EmptyResponse(self.app_iter) if (req.range and req.if_range.match_response(self) and self.content_range is None and req.method in ('HEAD', 'GET') and self.status_int == 200 and self.content_length is not None ): content_range = req.range.content_range(self.content_length) # FIXME: we should support If-Range if content_range is None: iter_close(self.app_iter) body = "Requested range not satisfiable: %s" % req.range headerlist = [ ('Content-Length', str(len(body))), ('Content-Range', str(ContentRange(None, None, self.content_length))), ('Content-Type', 'text/plain'), ] + filter_headers(headerlist) start_response('416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable', headerlist) if req.method == 'HEAD': return () return [body] else: app_iter = self.app_iter_range(content_range.start, content_range.stop) if app_iter is not None: # the following should be guaranteed by # Range.range_for_length(length) assert content_range.start is not None headerlist = [ ('Content-Length', str(content_range.stop - content_range.start)), ('Content-Range', str(content_range)), ] + filter_headers(headerlist, ('content-length',)) start_response('206 Partial Content', headerlist) if req.method == 'HEAD': return EmptyResponse(app_iter) return app_iter start_response(self.status, headerlist) if req.method == 'HEAD': return EmptyResponse(self.app_iter) return self.app_iter def app_iter_range(self, start, stop): """ Return a new app_iter built from the response app_iter, that serves up only the given ``start:stop`` range. """ if self._app_iter is None: return [self.body[start:stop]] app_iter = self.app_iter if hasattr(app_iter, 'app_iter_range'): return app_iter.app_iter_range(start, stop) return AppIterRange(app_iter, start, stop) def filter_headers(hlist, remove_headers=('content-length', 'content-type')): return [h for h in hlist if (h[0].lower() not in remove_headers)] class ResponseBodyFile(object): mode = 'wb' closed = False def __init__(self, response): self.response = response def __repr__(self): return '<body_file for %r>' % self.response encoding = property( lambda self: self.response.charset, doc="The encoding of the file (inherited from response.charset)" ) def write(self, s): if isinstance(s, unicode): if self.response.charset is None: raise TypeError( "You can only write unicode to Response.body_file " "if charset has been set" ) s = s.encode(self.response.charset) if not isinstance(s, str): raise TypeError( "You can only write str to a Response.body_file, not %s" % type(s) ) if not isinstance(self.response._app_iter, list): body = self.response.body if body: self.response.app_iter = [body] else: self.response.app_iter = [] self.response.app_iter.append(s) def writelines(self, seq): for item in seq: self.write(item) def close(self): raise NotImplementedError("Response bodies cannot be closed") def flush(self): pass class AppIterRange(object): """ Wraps an app_iter, returning just a range of bytes """ def __init__(self, app_iter, start, stop): assert start >= 0, "Bad start: %r" % start assert stop is None or (stop >= 0 and stop >= start), ( "Bad stop: %r" % stop) self.app_iter = iter(app_iter) self._pos = 0 # position in app_iter self.start = start self.stop = stop def __iter__(self): return self def _skip_start(self): start, stop = self.start, self.stop for chunk in self.app_iter: self._pos += len(chunk) if self._pos < start: continue elif self._pos == start: return '' else: chunk = chunk[start-self._pos:] if stop is not None and self._pos > stop: chunk = chunk[:stop-self._pos] assert len(chunk) == stop - start return chunk else: raise StopIteration() def next(self): if self._pos < self.start: # need to skip some leading bytes return self._skip_start() stop = self.stop if stop is not None and self._pos >= stop: raise StopIteration chunk = self.app_iter.next() self._pos += len(chunk) if stop is None or self._pos <= stop: return chunk else: return chunk[:stop-self._pos] def close(self): iter_close(self.app_iter) class EmptyResponse(object): """An empty WSGI response. An iterator that immediately stops. Optionally provides a close method to close an underlying app_iter it replaces. """ def __init__(self, app_iter=None): if app_iter and hasattr(app_iter, 'close'): self.close = app_iter.close def __iter__(self): return self def __len__(self): return 0 def next(self): raise StopIteration() def _request_uri(environ): """Like wsgiref.url.request_uri, except eliminates :80 ports Return the full request URI""" url = environ['wsgi.url_scheme']+'://' from urllib import quote if environ.get('HTTP_HOST'): url += environ['HTTP_HOST'] else: url += environ['SERVER_NAME'] + ':' + environ['SERVER_PORT'] if url.endswith(':80') and environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'http': url = url[:-3] elif url.endswith(':443') and environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] == 'https': url = url[:-4] url += quote(environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME') or '/') from urllib import quote path_info = quote(environ.get('PATH_INFO','')) if not environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME'): url += path_info[1:] else: url += path_info return url def iter_close(iter): if hasattr(iter, 'close'): iter.close() def gzip_app_iter(app_iter): size = 0 crc = zlib.crc32("") & 0xffffffffL compress = zlib.compressobj(9, zlib.DEFLATED, -zlib.MAX_WBITS, zlib.DEF_MEM_LEVEL, 0) yield _gzip_header for item in app_iter: size += len(item) crc = zlib.crc32(item, crc) & 0xffffffffL yield compress.compress(item) yield compress.flush() yield struct.pack("<2L", crc, size & 0xffffffffL)
Python
""" Represents the Cache-Control header """ import re class UpdateDict(dict): """ Dict that has a callback on all updates """ # these are declared as class attributes so that # we don't need to override constructor just to # set some defaults updated = None updated_args = None def _updated(self): """ Assign to new_dict.updated to track updates """ updated = self.updated if updated is not None: args = self.updated_args if args is None: args = (self,) updated(*args) def __setitem__(self, key, item): dict.__setitem__(self, key, item) self._updated() def __delitem__(self, key): dict.__delitem__(self, key) self._updated() def clear(self): dict.clear(self) self._updated() def update(self, *args, **kw): dict.update(self, *args, **kw) self._updated() def setdefault(self, key, value=None): val = dict.setdefault(self, key, value) if val is value: self._updated() return val def pop(self, *args): v = dict.pop(self, *args) self._updated() return v def popitem(self): v = dict.popitem(self) self._updated() return v token_re = re.compile( r'([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_-]*)\s*(?:=(?:"([^"]*)"|([^ \t",;]*)))?') need_quote_re = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]') class exists_property(object): """ Represents a property that either is listed in the Cache-Control header, or is not listed (has no value) """ def __init__(self, prop, type=None): self.prop = prop self.type = type def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: return self return self.prop in obj.properties def __set__(self, obj, value): if (self.type is not None and self.type != obj.type): raise AttributeError( "The property %s only applies to %s Cache-Control" % (self.prop, self.type)) if value: obj.properties[self.prop] = None else: if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] def __delete__(self, obj): self.__set__(obj, False) class value_property(object): """ Represents a property that has a value in the Cache-Control header. When no value is actually given, the value of self.none is returned. """ def __init__(self, prop, default=None, none=None, type=None): self.prop = prop self.default = default self.none = none self.type = type def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: return self if self.prop in obj.properties: value = obj.properties[self.prop] if value is None: return self.none else: return value else: return self.default def __set__(self, obj, value): if (self.type is not None and self.type != obj.type): raise AttributeError( "The property %s only applies to %s Cache-Control" % (self.prop, self.type)) if value == self.default: if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] elif value is True: obj.properties[self.prop] = None # Empty value, but present else: obj.properties[self.prop] = value def __delete__(self, obj): if self.prop in obj.properties: del obj.properties[self.prop] class CacheControl(object): """ Represents the Cache-Control header. By giving a type of ``'request'`` or ``'response'`` you can control what attributes are allowed (some Cache-Control values only apply to requests or responses). """ update_dict = UpdateDict def __init__(self, properties, type): self.properties = properties self.type = type @classmethod def parse(cls, header, updates_to=None, type=None): """ Parse the header, returning a CacheControl object. The object is bound to the request or response object ``updates_to``, if that is given. """ if updates_to: props = cls.update_dict() props.updated = updates_to else: props = {} for match in token_re.finditer(header): name = match.group(1) value = match.group(2) or match.group(3) or None if value: try: value = int(value) except ValueError: pass props[name] = value obj = cls(props, type=type) if updates_to: props.updated_args = (obj,) return obj def __repr__(self): return '<CacheControl %r>' % str(self) # Request values: # no-cache shared (below) # no-store shared (below) # max-age shared (below) max_stale = value_property('max-stale', none='*', type='request') min_fresh = value_property('min-fresh', type='request') # no-transform shared (below) only_if_cached = exists_property('only-if-cached', type='request') # Response values: public = exists_property('public', type='response') private = value_property('private', none='*', type='response') no_cache = value_property('no-cache', none='*') no_store = exists_property('no-store') no_transform = exists_property('no-transform') must_revalidate = exists_property('must-revalidate', type='response') proxy_revalidate = exists_property('proxy-revalidate', type='response') max_age = value_property('max-age', none=-1) s_maxage = value_property('s-maxage', type='response') s_max_age = s_maxage def __str__(self): return serialize_cache_control(self.properties) def copy(self): """ Returns a copy of this object. """ return self.__class__(self.properties.copy(), type=self.type) def serialize_cache_control(properties): if isinstance(properties, CacheControl): properties = properties.properties parts = [] for name, value in sorted(properties.items()): if value is None: parts.append(name) continue value = str(value) if need_quote_re.search(value): value = '"%s"' % value parts.append('%s=%s' % (name, value)) return ', '.join(parts)
Python
# (c) 2005 Ian Bicking and contributors; written for Paste (http://pythonpaste.org) # Licensed under the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """ Gives a multi-value dictionary object (MultiDict) plus several wrappers """ import cgi, copy, sys, warnings, urllib from UserDict import DictMixin __all__ = ['MultiDict', 'UnicodeMultiDict', 'NestedMultiDict', 'NoVars', 'TrackableMultiDict'] class MultiDict(DictMixin): """ An ordered dictionary that can have multiple values for each key. Adds the methods getall, getone, mixed and extend and add to the normal dictionary interface. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kw): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError("MultiDict can only be called with one positional argument") if args: if hasattr(args[0], 'iteritems'): items = list(args[0].iteritems()) elif hasattr(args[0], 'items'): items = args[0].items() else: items = list(args[0]) self._items = items else: self._items = [] if kw: self._items.extend(kw.iteritems()) @classmethod def view_list(cls, lst): """ Create a dict that is a view on the given list """ if not isinstance(lst, list): raise TypeError( "%s.view_list(obj) takes only actual list objects, not %r" % (cls.__name__, lst)) obj = cls() obj._items = lst return obj @classmethod def from_fieldstorage(cls, fs): """ Create a dict from a cgi.FieldStorage instance """ obj = cls() # fs.list can be None when there's nothing to parse for field in fs.list or (): if field.filename: obj.add(field.name, field) else: obj.add(field.name, field.value) return obj def __getitem__(self, key): for k, v in reversed(self._items): if k == key: return v raise KeyError(key) def __setitem__(self, key, value): try: del self[key] except KeyError: pass self._items.append((key, value)) def add(self, key, value): """ Add the key and value, not overwriting any previous value. """ self._items.append((key, value)) def getall(self, key): """ Return a list of all values matching the key (may be an empty list) """ result = [] for k, v in self._items: if key == k: result.append(v) return result def getone(self, key): """ Get one value matching the key, raising a KeyError if multiple values were found. """ v = self.getall(key) if not v: raise KeyError('Key not found: %r' % key) if len(v) > 1: raise KeyError('Multiple values match %r: %r' % (key, v)) return v[0] def mixed(self): """ Returns a dictionary where the values are either single values, or a list of values when a key/value appears more than once in this dictionary. This is similar to the kind of dictionary often used to represent the variables in a web request. """ result = {} multi = {} for key, value in self.iteritems(): if key in result: # We do this to not clobber any lists that are # *actual* values in this dictionary: if key in multi: result[key].append(value) else: result[key] = [result[key], value] multi[key] = None else: result[key] = value return result def dict_of_lists(self): """ Returns a dictionary where each key is associated with a list of values. """ r = {} for key, val in self.iteritems(): r.setdefault(key, []).append(val) return r def __delitem__(self, key): items = self._items found = False for i in range(len(items)-1, -1, -1): if items[i][0] == key: del items[i] found = True if not found: raise KeyError(key) def __contains__(self, key): for k, v in self._items: if k == key: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def clear(self): self._items = [] def copy(self): return self.__class__(self) def setdefault(self, key, default=None): for k, v in self._items: if key == k: return v self._items.append((key, default)) return default def pop(self, key, *args): if len(args) > 1: raise TypeError, "pop expected at most 2 arguments, got "\ + repr(1 + len(args)) for i in range(len(self._items)): if self._items[i][0] == key: v = self._items[i][1] del self._items[i] return v if args: return args[0] else: raise KeyError(key) def popitem(self): return self._items.pop() def update(self, *args, **kw): if args: lst = args[0] if len(lst) != len(dict(lst)): # this does not catch the cases where we overwrite existing # keys, but those would produce too many warning msg = ("Behavior of MultiDict.update() has changed " "and overwrites duplicate keys. Consider using .extend()" ) warnings.warn(msg, stacklevel=2) DictMixin.update(self, *args, **kw) def extend(self, other=None, **kwargs): if other is None: pass elif hasattr(other, 'items'): self._items.extend(other.items()) elif hasattr(other, 'keys'): for k in other.keys(): self._items.append((k, other[k])) else: for k, v in other: self._items.append((k, v)) if kwargs: self.update(kwargs) def __repr__(self): items = map('(%r, %r)'.__mod__, _hide_passwd(self.iteritems())) return '%s([%s])' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(items)) def __len__(self): return len(self._items) ## ## All the iteration: ## def keys(self): return [k for k, v in self._items] def iterkeys(self): for k, v in self._items: yield k __iter__ = iterkeys def items(self): return self._items[:] def iteritems(self): return iter(self._items) def values(self): return [v for k, v in self._items] def itervalues(self): for k, v in self._items: yield v class UnicodeMultiDict(DictMixin): """ A MultiDict wrapper that decodes returned values to unicode on the fly. Decoding is not applied to assigned values. The key/value contents are assumed to be ``str``/``strs`` or ``str``/``FieldStorages`` (as is returned by the ``paste.request.parse_`` functions). Can optionally also decode keys when the ``decode_keys`` argument is True. ``FieldStorage`` instances are cloned, and the clone's ``filename`` variable is decoded. Its ``name`` variable is decoded when ``decode_keys`` is enabled. """ def __init__(self, multi, encoding=None, errors='strict', decode_keys=False): self.multi = multi if encoding is None: encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding() self.encoding = encoding self.errors = errors self.decode_keys = decode_keys def _decode_key(self, key): if self.decode_keys: try: key = key.decode(self.encoding, self.errors) except AttributeError: pass return key def _encode_key(self, key): if self.decode_keys and isinstance(key, unicode): return key.encode(self.encoding, self.errors) return key def _decode_value(self, value): """ Decode the specified value to unicode. Assumes value is a ``str`` or `FieldStorage`` object. ``FieldStorage`` objects are specially handled. """ if isinstance(value, cgi.FieldStorage): # decode FieldStorage's field name and filename value = copy.copy(value) if self.decode_keys: if not isinstance(value.name, unicode): value.name = value.name.decode(self.encoding, self.errors) if value.filename: if not isinstance(value.filename, unicode): value.filename = value.filename.decode(self.encoding, self.errors) elif not isinstance(value, unicode): try: value = value.decode(self.encoding, self.errors) except AttributeError: pass return value def _encode_value(self, value): # FIXME: should this do the FieldStorage stuff too? if isinstance(value, unicode): value = value.encode(self.encoding, self.errors) return value def __getitem__(self, key): return self._decode_value(self.multi.__getitem__(self._encode_key(key))) def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.multi.__setitem__(self._encode_key(key), self._encode_value(value)) def add(self, key, value): """ Add the key and value, not overwriting any previous value. """ self.multi.add(self._encode_key(key), self._encode_value(value)) def getall(self, key): """ Return a list of all values matching the key (may be an empty list) """ return map(self._decode_value, self.multi.getall(self._encode_key(key))) def getone(self, key): """ Get one value matching the key, raising a KeyError if multiple values were found. """ return self._decode_value(self.multi.getone(self._encode_key(key))) def mixed(self): """ Returns a dictionary where the values are either single values, or a list of values when a key/value appears more than once in this dictionary. This is similar to the kind of dictionary often used to represent the variables in a web request. """ unicode_mixed = {} for key, value in self.multi.mixed().iteritems(): if isinstance(value, list): value = [self._decode_value(value) for value in value] else: value = self._decode_value(value) unicode_mixed[self._decode_key(key)] = value return unicode_mixed def dict_of_lists(self): """ Returns a dictionary where each key is associated with a list of values. """ unicode_dict = {} for key, value in self.multi.dict_of_lists().iteritems(): value = [self._decode_value(value) for value in value] unicode_dict[self._decode_key(key)] = value return unicode_dict def __delitem__(self, key): self.multi.__delitem__(self._encode_key(key)) def __contains__(self, key): return self.multi.__contains__(self._encode_key(key)) has_key = __contains__ def clear(self): self.multi.clear() def copy(self): return UnicodeMultiDict(self.multi.copy(), self.encoding, self.errors) def setdefault(self, key, default=None): return self._decode_value( self.multi.setdefault(self._encode_key(key), self._encode_value(default))) def pop(self, key, *args): return self._decode_value(self.multi.pop(self._encode_key(key), *args)) def popitem(self): k, v = self.multi.popitem() return (self._decode_key(k), self._decode_value(v)) def __repr__(self): items = map('(%r, %r)'.__mod__, _hide_passwd(self.iteritems())) return '%s([%s])' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(items)) def __len__(self): return self.multi.__len__() ## ## All the iteration: ## def keys(self): return [self._decode_key(k) for k in self.multi.iterkeys()] def iterkeys(self): for k in self.multi.iterkeys(): yield self._decode_key(k) __iter__ = iterkeys def items(self): return [(self._decode_key(k), self._decode_value(v)) for k, v in self.multi.iteritems()] def iteritems(self): for k, v in self.multi.iteritems(): yield (self._decode_key(k), self._decode_value(v)) def values(self): return [self._decode_value(v) for v in self.multi.itervalues()] def itervalues(self): for v in self.multi.itervalues(): yield self._decode_value(v) _dummy = object() class TrackableMultiDict(MultiDict): tracker = None name = None def __init__(self, *args, **kw): if '__tracker' in kw: self.tracker = kw.pop('__tracker') if '__name' in kw: self.name = kw.pop('__name') MultiDict.__init__(self, *args, **kw) def __setitem__(self, key, value): MultiDict.__setitem__(self, key, value) self.tracker(self, key, value) def add(self, key, value): MultiDict.add(self, key, value) self.tracker(self, key, value) def __delitem__(self, key): MultiDict.__delitem__(self, key) self.tracker(self, key) def clear(self): MultiDict.clear(self) self.tracker(self) def setdefault(self, key, default=None): result = MultiDict.setdefault(self, key, default) self.tracker(self, key, result) return result def pop(self, key, *args): result = MultiDict.pop(self, key, *args) self.tracker(self, key) return result def popitem(self): result = MultiDict.popitem(self) self.tracker(self) return result def update(self, *args, **kwargs): MultiDict.update(self, *args, **kwargs) self.tracker(self) def __repr__(self): items = map('(%r, %r)'.__mod__, _hide_passwd(self.iteritems())) return '%s([%s])' % (self.name or self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(items)) def copy(self): # Copies shouldn't be tracked return MultiDict(self) class NestedMultiDict(MultiDict): """ Wraps several MultiDict objects, treating it as one large MultiDict """ def __init__(self, *dicts): self.dicts = dicts def __getitem__(self, key): for d in self.dicts: value = d.get(key, _dummy) if value is not _dummy: return value raise KeyError(key) def _readonly(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("NestedMultiDict objects are read-only") __setitem__ = _readonly add = _readonly __delitem__ = _readonly clear = _readonly setdefault = _readonly pop = _readonly popitem = _readonly update = _readonly def getall(self, key): result = [] for d in self.dicts: result.extend(d.getall(key)) return result # Inherited: # getone # mixed # dict_of_lists def copy(self): return MultiDict(self) def __contains__(self, key): for d in self.dicts: if key in d: return True return False has_key = __contains__ def __len__(self): v = 0 for d in self.dicts: v += len(d) return v def __nonzero__(self): for d in self.dicts: if d: return True return False def items(self): return list(self.iteritems()) def iteritems(self): for d in self.dicts: for item in d.iteritems(): yield item def values(self): return list(self.itervalues()) def itervalues(self): for d in self.dicts: for value in d.itervalues(): yield value def keys(self): return list(self.iterkeys()) def __iter__(self): for d in self.dicts: for key in d: yield key iterkeys = __iter__ class NoVars(object): """ Represents no variables; used when no variables are applicable. This is read-only """ def __init__(self, reason=None): self.reason = reason or 'N/A' def __getitem__(self, key): raise KeyError("No key %r: %s" % (key, self.reason)) def __setitem__(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("Cannot add variables: %s" % self.reason) add = __setitem__ setdefault = __setitem__ update = __setitem__ def __delitem__(self, *args, **kw): raise KeyError("No keys to delete: %s" % self.reason) clear = __delitem__ pop = __delitem__ popitem = __delitem__ def get(self, key, default=None): return default def getall(self, key): return [] def getone(self, key): return self[key] def mixed(self): return {} dict_of_lists = mixed def __contains__(self, key): return False has_key = __contains__ def copy(self): return self def __repr__(self): return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.reason) def __len__(self): return 0 def __cmp__(self, other): return cmp({}, other) def keys(self): return [] def iterkeys(self): return iter([]) __iter__ = iterkeys items = keys iteritems = iterkeys values = keys itervalues = iterkeys def _hide_passwd(items): for k, v in items: if ('password' in k or 'passwd' in k or 'pwd' in k ): yield k, '******' else: yield k, v
Python
""" Does parsing of ETag-related headers: If-None-Matches, If-Matches Also If-Range parsing """ from webob.datetime_utils import * from webob.util import rfc_reference __all__ = ['AnyETag', 'NoETag', 'ETagMatcher', 'IfRange', 'NoIfRange', 'etag_property'] def etag_property(key, default, rfc_section): doc = "Gets and sets the %r key in the environment." % key doc += rfc_reference(key, rfc_section) doc += " Converts it as a Etag." def fget(req): value = req.environ.get(key) if not value: return default elif value == '*': return AnyETag else: return ETagMatcher.parse(value) def fset(req, val): if val is None: req.environ[key] = None else: req.environ[key] = str(val) def fdel(req): del req.environ[key] return property(fget, fset, fdel, doc=doc) class _AnyETag(object): """ Represents an ETag of *, or a missing ETag when matching is 'safe' """ def __repr__(self): return '<ETag *>' def __nonzero__(self): return False def __contains__(self, other): return True def weak_match(self, other): return True def __str__(self): return '*' AnyETag = _AnyETag() class _NoETag(object): """ Represents a missing ETag when matching is unsafe """ def __repr__(self): return '<No ETag>' def __nonzero__(self): return False def __contains__(self, other): return False def weak_match(self, other): return False def __str__(self): return '' NoETag = _NoETag() class ETagMatcher(object): """ Represents an ETag request. Supports containment to see if an ETag matches. You can also use ``etag_matcher.weak_contains(etag)`` to allow weak ETags to match (allowable for conditional GET requests, but not ranges or other methods). """ def __init__(self, etags, weak_etags=()): self.etags = etags self.weak_etags = weak_etags def __contains__(self, other): return other in self.etags or other in self.weak_etags def weak_match(self, other): if other.lower().startswith('w/'): other = other[2:] return other in self.etags or other in self.weak_etags def __repr__(self): return '<ETag %s>' % ( ' or '.join(self.etags)) def parse(cls, value): """ Parse this from a header value """ results = [] weak_results = [] while value: if value.lower().startswith('w/'): # Next item is weak weak = True value = value[2:] else: weak = False if value.startswith('"'): try: etag, rest = value[1:].split('"', 1) except ValueError: etag = value.strip(' ",') rest = '' else: rest = rest.strip(', ') else: if ',' in value: etag, rest = value.split(',', 1) rest = rest.strip() else: etag = value rest = '' if etag == '*': return AnyETag if etag: if weak: weak_results.append(etag) else: results.append(etag) value = rest return cls(results, weak_results) parse = classmethod(parse) def __str__(self): # FIXME: should I quote these? items = list(self.etags) for weak in self.weak_etags: items.append('W/%s' % weak) return ', '.join(items) class IfRange(object): """ Parses and represents the If-Range header, which can be an ETag *or* a date """ def __init__(self, etag=None, date=None): self.etag = etag self.date = date def __repr__(self): if self.etag is None: etag = '*' else: etag = str(self.etag) if self.date is None: date = '*' else: date = serialize_date(self.date) return '<%s etag=%s, date=%s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, etag, date) def __str__(self): if self.etag is not None: return str(self.etag) elif self.date: return serialize_date(self.date) else: return '' def match(self, etag=None, last_modified=None): """ Return True if the If-Range header matches the given etag or last_modified """ if self.date is not None: if last_modified is None: # Conditional with nothing to base the condition won't work return False return last_modified <= self.date elif self.etag is not None: if not etag: return False return etag in self.etag return True def match_response(self, response): """ Return True if this matches the given ``webob.Response`` instance. """ return self.match(etag=response.etag, last_modified=response.last_modified) @classmethod def parse(cls, value): """ Parse this from a header value. """ date = etag = None if not value: etag = NoETag() elif value and value.endswith(' GMT'): # Must be a date date = parse_date(value) else: etag = ETagMatcher.parse(value) return cls(etag=etag, date=date) class _NoIfRange(object): """ Represents a missing If-Range header """ def __repr__(self): return '<Empty If-Range>' def __str__(self): return '' def __nonzero__(self): return False def match(self, etag=None, last_modified=None): return True def match_response(self, response): return True NoIfRange = _NoIfRange()
Python
"""To test specific webapp issues.""" import os import StringIO import sys import urllib import unittest gae_path = '/usr/local/google_appengine' sys.path[0:0] = [ gae_path, os.path.join(gae_path, 'lib', 'django_0_96'), os.path.join(gae_path, 'lib', 'webob'), os.path.join(gae_path, 'lib', 'yaml', 'lib'), os.path.join(gae_path, 'lib', 'protorpc'), ] from google.appengine.ext import webapp def add_POST(req, data): if data is None: return env = req.environ env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'POST' if hasattr(data, 'items'): data = data.items() if not isinstance(data, str): data = urllib.urlencode(data) env['wsgi.input'] = StringIO.StringIO(data) env['webob.is_body_seekable'] = True env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(data)) env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = 'application/octet-stream' class TestWebapp(unittest.TestCase): def tearDown(self): webapp.WSGIApplication.active_instance = None def test_issue_3426(self): """When the content-type is 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' and POST data is empty the content-type is dropped by Google appengine. """ req = webapp.Request.blank('/', environ={ 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', }) self.assertEqual(req.method, 'GET') self.assertEqual(req.content_type, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
Python
''' Created on May 11, 2013 @author: group 2 - team pflegp, prutsm, steinb, winste ''' import os from libthermalraspi.sensors.lm73device import LM73Device from libthermalraspi.sensors.ad7414 import AD7414Thermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.tc74 import TC74Thermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.hyt221 import Hyt221 from libthermalraspi.sensors.simulation import CyclicThermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermo_proxy_itmG2 import ThermoProxy_ItmG2 from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermo_proxy_itmG1 import ThermoProxy class SensorConfigReader(object): def __init__(self, filePath ): self._filePath = filePath def read(self): return eval( file( self._filePath ).read(), { 'LM73' : LM73Device ,'AD7414' : AD7414Thermometer ,'TC74' : TC74Thermometer ,'Hyt221' : Hyt221 ,'Cyclic' : CyclicThermometer ,'ProxyITMG2': ThermoProxy_ItmG2 ,'ProxyITMG1': ThermoProxy } )
Python
class DataStoreStdOut(object): def get_sample(self, fromDatetime, toDatetime, maxResultCount = None, sensorIDs = None): assert False, 'cannot get samples from stdout' def add_sample(self, timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status): print timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import abc """Abstract base class for SampleCollector for gathering sensor measurment data""" class SampleCollector(object): __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta @abc.abstractmethod def __init__(self, store, sensorList = {}): """Collector mit Datenspeicher und Dictionary der abzufragender Sensoren übergeben. @param store: Datenbank-Connection @param sensorList: Dictionary SensorName : SensorInstanz """ return @abc.abstractmethod def run(self, looper): """Messungen starten und per externem iterierbarem Objekt (looper) Intervall der Messzyklen festlegen. @param looper: Iterierbares Objekt/List/... """ return
Python
''' Created on 29.04.2013 @author: Patrick Groeller ''' from xml.dom import minidom from libthermalraspi.database.Measurement import Measurement class XmlMeasurementService: def __init__(self, listOfMeasurements): self.__listOfMeasurements = listOfMeasurements def toXml(self): doc = minidom.Document() root = doc.createElement("response") doc.appendChild(root) root.setAttribute('id',"$(id)") root.setAttribute('from',"$(from)") root.setAttribute('to',"$(to)") responseStatus = doc.createElement('status') root.appendChild(responseStatus) try: sensors = doc.createElement('samples') root.appendChild(sensors) for measurement in self.__listOfMeasurements: sensor = doc.createElement('sample') sensor.setAttribute('sensorname',measurement.getSensorname()) sensor.setAttribute('temperature',str(measurement.getMeasureVal())) sensor.setAttribute('timestamp',str(measurement.getTimestamp())) sensor.setAttribute('status',str(measurement.getErrorCode())) sensors.appendChild(sensor) responseStatus.setAttribute('error','ok') except Exception as e: responseStatus.setAttribute('error','overflow') #print doc.toprettyxml(encoding='utf-8') return doc.toprettyxml(encoding='utf-8') pass
Python
# coding: utf-8 from libthermalraspi.services.sampleCollector import SampleCollector import datetime import os class ParallelSampleCollector(SampleCollector): def __init__(self, store, sensorList): self.__store = store if type(sensorList) is dict: self.__sensorList = sensorList else: print "Parameter sensorList ist kein Dictionary" pass def run(self, looper): """Messungen starten und per externem iterierbarem Objekt (looper) Intervall der Messzyklen festlegen. @param looper: Iterierbares Objekt/List/... """ for i in looper: self.__getAllSensorTemperatures() pass def __getAllSensorTemperatures(self): children = {} #dictionary { sensorName: (childPid, pipein) } for sensorName, sensorInstance in self.__sensorList.items(): pipein, pipeout = os.pipe() child = os.fork() if child > 0: # parent children[sensorName] = ( child, pipein ) os.close(pipeout) else: os.close(pipein) try: returnValue = {'temp' : float(sensorInstance.get_temperature()), 'errorCode' : 0 } except IOError as e: #self.__logger.exception("Sensor IOError: %s" % e) returnValue = {'temp' : 0, 'errorCode' : 1} pass os.write(pipeout, str(returnValue)) os.close(pipeout) os._exit(0) for sensorName, (childPid, pipein) in children.items(): os.waitpid(childPid, 0) sensorDict = eval(os.read(pipein, 1024)) os.close(pipein) # Persistiere Messdaten in DB self.__store.add_sample(datetime.datetime.now(), sensorName, sensorDict['temp'], sensorDict['errorCode']) pass
Python
import struct from i2c_device import I2CDevice class BlinkM(I2CDevice): GO_TO_RGB = '\x6e' FADE_TO_RGB = '\x63' FADE_TO_HSB = '\x68' FADE_TO_RANDOM_RGB = '\x43' FADE_TO_RANDOM_HSB = '\x48' PLAY_LIGHT_SCRIPT = '\x70' STOP_SCRIPT = '\x6f' SET_FADE_SPEED = '\x66' SET_TIME_ADJUST = '\x74' GET_CURRENT_RGB = '\x67' WRITE_SCRIPT_LINE = '\x57' READ_SCRIPT_LINE = '\x52' SET_SCRIPT_LENGTH_AND_REPEATS = '\x4c' SET_BLINKM_ADDRESS = '\x41' GET_BLINKM_ADDRESS = '\x61' GET_BLINKM_FIRMWARE_VERSION = '\x5a' SET_STARTUP_PARAMETERS = '\x42' def __init__(self, bus, addr): I2CDevice.__init__(self, bus, addr) def go_to_rgb(self, rgb): self.write(self.GO_TO_RGB) for color in rgb: self.write(struct.pack('B', color)) def fade_to_rgb(self, rgb): self.write(self.FADE_TO_RGB) for color in rgb: self.write(struct.pack('B', color)) def fade_to_hsb(self, hsb): self.write(self.FADE_TO_HSB) for color in rgb: self.write(struct.pack('B', color)) def fade_to_random_rgb(self, rgb): self.write(self.FADE_TO_RANDOM_RGB) for color in rgb: self.write(struct.pack('B', color)) def fade_to_random_hsb(self, rgb): self.write(self.FADE_TO_RANDOM_HSB) for color in rgb: self.write(struct.pack('B', color)) def play_light_script(self, script_number): self.write(self.PLAY_LIGTH_SCRIPT) self.write(struct.pack('B', script_number)) def stop_script(self): self.write(self.STOP_SCRIPT) def set_fade_speed(self, speed): self.write(self.SET_FADE_SPEED) self.write(struct.pack('B', speed)) def set_time_adjust(self, time_adjust): self.write(self.SET_TIME_ADJUST) self.write(struct.pack('B', time_adjust)) def get_current_rgb(self): self.write(self.GET_CURRENT_RGB) return self.__readInt(3) def set_blinkm_address(self, address): self.write(self.SET_BLINKM_ADDRESS) self.write(struct.pack('B'), address) self.write('\xd0') self.write('\x0d') self.write(struct.pack('B'), address) def get_blinkm_address(self): self.write(self.GET_BLINKM_ADDRESS) return self.__readInt(1) def get_blinkm_firmware_version(self): self.write(self.GET_BLINKM_FIRMWARE_VERSION) return self.__readInt(2) def set_startup_parameters(self, startup_mode, script_number, repeats, fade_speed, time_adjust): self.write(self.SET_STARTUP_PARAMETERS) self.write(struct.pack('B', startup_mode)) self.write(struct.pack('B', script_number)) self.write(struct.pack('B', repeats)) self.write(struct.pack('B', fade_speed)) self.write(struct.pack('B', time_adjust)) def __readInt(self, count): return struct.unpack('B' * count, self.read(count))[:count] class LightScript(object): STARTUP = 0 RGB = 1 WHITE_FLASH = 2 RED_FLASH = 3 GREEN_FLASH = 4 BLUE_FLASH = 5 CYAN_FLASH = 6 MAGENTA_FLASH = 7 YELLOW_FLASH = 8 BLACK = 9 HUE_CYCLE = 10 MOOD_LIGHT = 11 VIRTUAL_CANDLE = 12 WATER_REFLECTIONS = 13 OLD_NEON = 14 THE_SEASONS = 15 THUNDERSTORM = 16 STOP_LIGHT = 17 MORSE_CODE = 18
Python
import time import sys import signal class ProgramLooper: def __init__(self, interval_seconds): self.__interval = interval_seconds self.__counter = 0 # to be set from signal handler self.__stop = False signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.signal_handler) signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self.signal_handler) signal.signal(signal.SIGQUIT, self.signal_handler) def __iter__(self): while not self.__stop: yield self.__counter self.__counter += 1 time.sleep(self.__interval) def signal_handler(self, signal, frame): print("Shutdown application") self.__stop = True
Python
''' Created on 04.05.2013 @author: Helmut Kopf ''' import socket import threading import logging import os import sys import datetime import platform from xml.dom.minidom import parseString from libthermalraspi.services.xml_measurement_service import XmlMeasurementService from libthermalraspi.database import DataStoreInMemory DEFAULT_HOST = "localhost" DEFAULT_PORT = 1234 tempServer = None def getDefaultLogFile(): return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath( __file__ )), "TempServer.log") class TempServer(object): """ Temperature server """ def __init__(self, host, port, datastore ,logfile, loglevel): self.__sock = None self.__host = host self.__port = port self.__store= datastore self.__logger = TempServer.__createLogger(logfile, loglevel) self.__logger.info("Server initialized: Host = %s, Port = %s" % (host, port)) self.__handlers = [] self.__lock = threading.Lock() self.__disposed = False def start(self): try: print("Server startet at " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "...") self.__logger.info("Server startet...") self.__sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.__sock.bind((self.__host, self.__port)) self.__sock.listen(1) while True: conn, _ = self.__sock.accept() print("new connection accepted at " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "...") self.__realizeResponse(conn) except socket.error as e: self.__logger.exception("Socket error: %s" % e) except socket.herror as e: self.__logger.exception("Socket address error: %s" % e) except socket.timeout as e: self.__logger.exception("Socket timeout error: %s" % e) except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Unexpected server error: %s" % e) finally: self.__closeSocket() self.__logger.info("Server stopped...") print("Server stopped at " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "...") ## # Clean up open request handler threads for an # organized exit: # 1. Set disposed = True -> Prevent further response handling, all further requests should be skipped # 2. Acquire lock # 3. Copy handler list # 4. Release lock # 5. From this point the dispose flag suppress further request handling (see __realizeResponse) # 6. Iterate over handler list copy and wait until all threads has finished # 7. Close socket # 8. Done def dispose(self): if self.__disposed == False: # From this point the server doesn't handle response any more: # __realizeResponse considers __disposed and skip further requests self.__disposed = True try: self.__logger.info("Server handling signal termination at " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "...") # Get open handlers as copy # Since each thread removes itself by callback function, the original handlers list # will be modified during following for-loop: Enumerate over a list that changes during # the iterations is a bad idea... # Since the remove handler callback acquires a lock it's not possible to lock the whole iteration in# # dispose -> Deadlock... # Solution: Since the handlers list can only shrink (no further requests will be handled) we can use a copy # of current handler list. handlers = self.__getHandlersAsCopy() for handler in handlers: # Wait until each thread has finished handler.join() self.__logger.info("Signal termination handling done") except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Server handling signal termination failed: %s" %e) finally: # close socket in each case self.__closeSocket() def __closeSocket(self): try: if self.__sock != None: self.__sock.close() self.__sock = None except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Close socket failed: %s" %e) def __realizeResponse(self, connection): try: self.__lock.acquire() # Consider dispose state: # if intermediately called disposed -> skip response and close connection if self.__disposed == False: handler = ResponseHandler(connection, self.__removeHandler, self.__logger,self.__store) self.__handlers.append(handler) handler.start() else: connection.close() except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Unexpected error during realizing response: %s" % e) finally: self.__lock.release() def __getHandlersAsCopy(self): handlers = [] try: self.__lock.acquire() handlers = list(self.__handlers) finally: self.__lock.release() return handlers ## # Callback function, used to remove finished request handlers # form handlers-list. def __removeHandler(self, handler): try: self.__lock.acquire() self.__handlers.remove(handler) self.__logger.info("Handler successfully removed!") except ValueError as e: self.__logger.exception("Remove handler failed: %s" %e) except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Remove handler failed: %s" %e) finally: self.__lock.release() @staticmethod def __createLogger(logfile, level = logging.INFO): logger = logging.getLogger("tempserver") if logfile is None: pass else: fhdlr = logging.FileHandler(logfile) formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s') fhdlr.setFormatter(formatter) logger.addHandler(fhdlr) logger.setLevel(level) return logger class ResponseHandler(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, connection, donecallback, logger, datastore): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.__connection = connection self.__donecallback = donecallback self.__logger = logger self.__store = datastore def run(self): try: self.__logger.info("Response requested...") (sid, sdtf, sdtt) = self.__getDateRange() sdtf_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(sdtf, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') sdtt_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(sdtt, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') measurementSamples = self.__store.get_samples(sdtf_dt,sdtt_dt) xmlService = XmlMeasurementService(measurementSamples) responseData = xmlService.toXml(); self.__connection.send(responseData.replace("$(id)", sid).replace("$(from)", sdtf).replace("$(to)", sdtt).encode('UTF-8')) except Exception as e: self.__logger.exception("Response failed by an unexpected error: %s" % e) finally: self.__connection.close() self.__donecallback(self) def __getDateRange(self): xml = self.__getXml() if xml != None: xi = xml.documentElement.getAttributeNode('id') xf = xml.documentElement.getAttributeNode('from') xt = xml.documentElement.getAttributeNode('to') self.__logger.info("id = " + xi.nodeValue + ", from = " + xf.nodeValue + ", to = " + xt.nodeValue) return (str(xi.nodeValue), str(xf.nodeValue), str(xt.nodeValue)) else: self.__logger.info("Xml is null!") return "" def __getXml(self): xmlstr = self.__connection.recv(1024) if len(xmlstr) > 0: xml = parseString(xmlstr) return xml return None ## # For linux system install a siganl handler for # SIGINT and SIGTERM def addSignalHandler(): if platform.system() != "Windows": import signal signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, terminationHandler) signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, terminationHandler) print("Signal handler successfully installed") ## # Handles termination of http-server def terminationHandler(signal, frame): try: print("Server termination signal handled at " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + "...") if tempServer != None: tempServer.dispose() finally: sys.exit(0) if __name__ == '__main__': host = DEFAULT_HOST = "localhost" port = DEFAULT_PORT = 1234 store = DataStoreInMemory() store.initSomeTestData() if len(sys.argv) >= 2: host = str(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) >= 3: port = int(sys.argv[2]) if len(sys.argv) >= 4: store = int(sys.argv[3]) != 0 addSignalHandler() tempServer = TempServer(host, port, getDefaultLogFile(), logging.INFO, store) tempServer.start()
Python
import os import smbus class SMBusDevice(object): def __init__(self, busno, addr): self.__bus = smbus.SMBus(busno) self.__addr = addr # todo: implement some read/write functions...
Python
import os import platform # Done by HeKo, since i run the first tests for # LM73 under windows it's necessary to load # LM73Device successfully! if platform.system() != "Windows": import fcntl class I2CDevice(object): I2C_SLAVE = 0x0703 # from <linux/i2c-dev.h> def __init__(self, busno, addr, testCase = False): if testCase: return fd = os.open('/dev/i2c-%d' % busno, os.O_RDWR) fcntl.ioctl(fd, self.I2C_SLAVE, addr) self.__fd = fd pass def write(self, msg): os.write(self.__fd, msg) pass def read(self, n): msg = os.read(self.__fd, n) assert len(msg) == n return msg pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/python from thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import struct class TC74Thermometer (I2CDevice, Thermometer): def get_temperature(self): # "temperature register" according to datasheet (DS) #response of TC74 is only one byte, no bits must be shifted. self.write('\x00') self.write('') #Attention it doesn't works with sending a 0-Byte. You must send a empty Datapackage (Adress + no data) tByte = self.read(1) tRaw = struct.unpack('B', tByte)[0] #accounting of the temperature based on the temperature table. temp = tRaw if(tRaw > (0,127)): temp = ((0,255) - tRaw) * (-1) return temp
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer import socket class ThermoProxy_ItmG2(Thermometer): def __init__(self): self.__host = '127.0.0.1' self.__port = 7000 def get_temperature(self): self.__s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.__s.connect((self.__host, self.__port)) self.send_msg('get_temperature') return self.__s.recv(1024) def send_msg(self, msg): return self.__s.send(msg)
Python
from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import time import struct import sys class Stds75(I2CDevice): def __init__(self, bus, addr): I2CDevice.__init__(self, bus, addr) def get_temperature(self): # set register for next operation to 1 (CONF) self.write('\1') # read config config = self.read(1) config_ = struct.unpack('B', config)[0] # unset bit 5 and 6 (resolution) config_ = config_ & 0b10011111 # set bit 5 and 6 to 1 and 0 # 00 = 0.5C, 150ms # 01 = 0.25C, 300ms # 10 = 0.125C, 600ms # 11 = 0.0625C, 1200ms config_ = config_ | 0b01000000 # write config self.write(struct.pack('BB', 1, config_)) # set register for next operation to 0 (TEMP) self.write('\0') # read measurement results result = self.read(2) b1, b2 = struct.unpack('BB', result) # convert temperature and return it return b1 + (b2 / 256.0)
Python
""" Author: Christopher Barilich - ITM11 """ import struct from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer class Stds75(I2CDevice, Thermometer): ''' Thermal Senser STDS75 default resolution for thermometer is 9 bit (.5) ''' def __init__(self, bus, addr): I2CDevice.__init__(self, bus, addr) def get_temperature(self): """ returns the current temperature if polled too frequently, sensor wont update the temperature register update cycles in ms: 9 bit: 150ms 10 bit: 300ms 11 bit: 600ms 12 bit: 1200ms negative values not yet implemented! """ # get current resolution conf = self.read_config() mask = 0x60 # 0110 0000 res = conf & mask # extract resolution from config register # get temperature from register self.write('\x00') data = self.read(2) t_raw = struct.unpack('>h', data) t_raw = t_raw[0] # msb = 0b11110101 # lsb = 0b11100000 # data = struct.pack('BB', msb, lsb) # t_raw = struct.unpack('>h', data) # t_raw = t_raw[0] # print t_raw # return t_raw # t_raw = ((msb << 8) + lsb) # convert to 2 Byte Integer if (res == 0x00): # 9 bit resolution 0.5 degree print "res: 0.5" return (t_raw >> 7) * 0.5 if (res == 0x20): # 10 bit resolution 0.25 degree print "res: 0.25" return (t_raw >> 6) * 0.25 if (res == 0x40): # 11 bit resolution 0.125 degree print "res: 0.125" return (t_raw >> 5) * 0.125 if (res == 0x60): # l2 bit resolution 0.0625 degree print "res: 0.0625" return (t_raw >> 4) * 0.0625 def read_config(self): ''' read config from config register returns 1Byte integer see Datasheet for details ''' self.write('\x01') data = self.read(1) conf = struct.unpack('B', data) return (conf[0]) def set_resolution(self, res=12): ''' set resolution in bits: 9, 10, 11, 12 (default) and write to config register ''' if (res < 9 or res > 12): raise Exception('Incorrect resolution! set it to 9, 10, 11 or 12') # reset the resolution bits to 0 oldconf = self.read_config() reset_mask = 0x9F # 10011111 resetted_res = oldconf & reset_mask # set the new resolution (6th and 7th bit) if (res == 9): new_conf = resetted_res | 0x00 # 0000 0000 if (res == 10): new_conf = resetted_res | 0x20 # 0010 0000 if (res == 11): new_conf = resetted_res | 0x40 # 0100 0000 if (res == 12): new_conf = resetted_res | 0x60 # 0110 0000 self.write_config(new_conf) def write_config (self, data): ''' write data to config register ''' self.write(struct.pack('BB', 1, data)) # first byte: register, second byte: values # res = 0.0625 #12 bit resolution # # # if positive value # # x = t_raw = 0b0001100100010000 # 25,0625 # temp = (x >> 4) * res # # # if negative value # x = t_raw = 0b1111010111100000 #-10,125 # x = ~x+1 # twos complement # x = x>>4 # remove tailing 0s # x = (x - 4096) *-1 * res # remove overflow and multiply with resolution
Python
import abc class HumiditySensor(object): __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta @abc.abstractmethod def get_humidity(self): return
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer import os # SWD11 - G2 - 2 - Pflegpeter, Prutsch, Steinbauer, Winkler class CompositeSensor(Thermometer): __sensors = [] def __init__(self, sensors=[]): self.add_sensors(sensors) def add_sensors(self, sensors): self.__sensors.extend(sensors) def get_temperature(self): child_ids = dict() pipes = dict() for index, item in enumerate(self.__sensors): parentRead, childWrite = os.pipe() # fork a child process child = os.fork() # os.fork(): Return 0 to child process and PID of child to parent process. if (child == 0): # write some formatted temp stuff in the pipe os.write(childWrite, str(item.get_temperature()).zfill(7)) os._exit(0) else: # save the pid of all childs child_ids[index]=child pipes[index]=parentRead # close not used filedescriptor os.close(childWrite) temperatures = [] for _ in child_ids: # wait for any child to return pid, _ = os.wait() # find child-pid in the dictionary to save corresponding temp for index,cid in child_ids.items(): if (cid == pid): # read exact 7 bytes from pipe temp = os.read(pipes[index],7) temperatures.append(float(temp)) '''print("%s with pid(%s) sent: %3.3f" % (index,cid,float(temp)))''' return sum(temperatures) / len(temperatures)
Python
# StoreMock sammelt die Messungen, die der ParallelSampleCollector # auf SensorStub durchfuehrt. class StoreMock(object): def __init__(self): self.__samples = [] def add_sample(self, timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status): self.__samples.append((timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status)) def __iter__(self): for (timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status) in self.__samples: yield (timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status)
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer import os class CompositeSensor(Thermometer): __sensors = [] def __init__(self, sensors=[]): self.add_sensors(sensors) def add_sensors(self, sensors): self.__sensors.extend(sensors) def get_temperature(self): imTheFather = True children = [] temperatures = [] pipein, pipeout = os.pipe() for sensor in self.__sensors: child = os.fork() if child: children.append(child) else: imTheFather = False os.close(pipein) os.write(pipeout, str(sensor.get_temperature()) + "\n") os.close(pipeout) os._exit(0) if imTheFather: pipein_file = os.fdopen(pipein) for child in children: os.waitpid(child, 0) temperatures.append(pipein_file.readline()) temperatures = map(float, temperatures) return sum(temperatures) / len(temperatures)
Python
import abc # Abstract base class for Thermometer objects # get_temperature abstract interface class Thermometer(object): __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta @abc.abstractmethod def get_temperature(self): return pass
Python
#SensorStub simuliert die Temperaturmessungen und erhaelt einfach eine Liste #mit Messwerten, die als Testeingangswerte dienen. from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer # SensorStub erhaelt eine Liste an Messwerten, die # in get_temperature zurueck geliefert werden. # Dieser Test-Stub wird verwendet um im ParallelSampleCollector # Messungen zu simulieren. class SensorStub(Thermometer): def __init__(self, measurements = []): self.__measurements = measurements; self.__index = 0 def get_temperature(self): self.__index = self.__index + 1 if self.__index >= self.__measurements.length: self.__index = 0 return self.__measurements[self.__index]
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer import itertools class CyclicThermometer(Thermometer): def __init__(self, temperatures): self.__temperatures = itertools.cycle(temperatures) pass def get_temperature(self): return self.__temperatures.next() pass
Python
from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.humiditysensor import HumiditySensor import time import struct class Hyt221(I2CDevice, Thermometer, HumiditySensor): def _perform_measurement(self): # init -> trigger measurement self.write('') # wait until measurement is completed status = struct.unpack('B', self.read(1)) while(status[0] & 0xC0 != 0): # check the status bits time.sleep(0.001) status = struct.unpack('B', self.read(1)) def get_temperature(self): self._perform_measurement() # read measurement results result = self.read(4) _, _, b2, b3 = struct.unpack('BBBB', result) # calculating temperature -> see datasheet b3 = b3 & 0x3F Traw = b2 << 6 | b3 T = 165.0 * Traw / (2**14) - 40 return T def get_humidity(self): self._perform_measurement() # read measurement results result = self.read(2) b0, b1 = struct.unpack('BB', result) Hraw = b0 << 8 | b1 Hraw = Hraw & 0x3FFF H = 100.0 * Hraw / (2**14) return H
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import struct class HypotheticalThermometer(I2CDevice, Thermometer): def get_temperature(self): # select register ("temperature register", according to # hypothetical datasheet) for next operation self.write('\x00') # read 2-byte temperature register, and unpack the bytes into # 2 8-bit integers which are then combined to form a floating # point number (again according ot datasheet). msb_lsb = self.read(2) msb, lsb = struct.unpack('BB', msb_lsb) return self.__frbozz_hardware_float(msb, lsb) @staticmethod def __frbozz_hardware_float(msb, lsb): return float(((msb << 8) | lsb) >> 4)
Python
import os from thermometer import Thermometer class CompositeSensor(Thermometer): __listSensors = [] def __init__(self, sensors = []): self.__listSensors = sensors def append_sensor(self, sensor): self.__listSensors.append(sensor) def get_temperature(self): _listTemperatures = [] _childProcesses = [] _r, _w = os.pipe() for listSensor in self.__listSensors: # next sensor newpid = os.fork() if newpid == 0: # parent process os.close(_r) _w = os.fdopen(_w, 'w') # child: writing temperature _w.write(str(listSensor.get_temperature())+ "\n") _w.close() # child: closing os._exit(0) else: _childProcesses.append(newpid) os.close(_w) _r = os.fdopen(_r) # turn r into a file object for childProcess in _childProcesses: os.waitpid(childProcess, 0) temperature = _r.readline() # parent: read temperature from child process _listTemperatures.append(temperature) _listTemperatures = map(float, _listTemperatures) avgTemperature = sum(_listTemperatures) / len(_listTemperatures) return avgTemperature
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import struct class DS1631SThermometer(I2CDevice, Thermometer): def get_temperature(self): self.write('\x4F') msb_lsb = self.read(2) msb, lsb = struct.unpack('BB', msb_lsb) return self.__bitshift_to_hardware_float(msb, lsb) @staticmethod def __bitshift_to_hardware_float(msb, lsb): return msb return float((((msb << 4) | lsb) >> 8 )/4.0)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python import socket from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer class ThermoProxy(Thermometer): """Connects with a server""" def __init__(self, host="127.0.0.1", port=1024): self._sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) try: self._sock.connect((host, port)) self._sock.recv(1024) except: raise Exception("Host not found.") def get_temperature(self): self._sock.send("GET_TEMP") return float(self._sock.recv(1024))
Python
from thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import struct class AD7414Thermometer(I2CDevice, Thermometer): def get_temperature(self): # "temperature register" according to datasheet (DS) self.write('\x00') # Read 2-byte temperature register, unpack the bytes into # two 8-bit integers which are then combined to a floating # point number (again according to the DS). msb_lsb = self.read(2) msb, lsb = struct.unpack('BB', msb_lsb) return self.__bitshift_to_hardware_float(msb, lsb) @staticmethod def __bitshift_to_hardware_float(msb, lsb): # 0000 0000 | 0000 0000 # -- msb -- | -- lsb -- # needed bits are: 0000 0000 | 00 # To avoid overwriting the msb # (most significant byte) with the lsb # (least significant byte), the msb # must be bit-shifted 8 bits left and # be combined with the lsb at the end. # Following this, both bytes must be # shifted to the proper position as # outlined in the DS (cut off the # right-most six bits) and perform # Temp-Calculation formular. return float((((msb << 8) | lsb) >> 6)/4.0)
Python
#!/usr/bin/python from thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice import struct class TC74Thermometer (I2CDevice, Thermometer): def get_temperature(self): # "temperature register" according to datasheet (DS) #response of TC74 is only one byte, no bits must be shifted. self.write('\x00') self.write('') #Attention it doesn't works with sending a 0-Byte. You must send a empty Datapackage (Adress + no data) tByte = self.read(1) tRaw = struct.unpack('B', tByte)[0] #accounting of the temperature based on the temperature table. temp = tRaw if(tRaw > (0,127)): temp = ((0,255) - tRaw) * (-1) return temp
Python
#!/usr/bin/python import socket from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer class ThermoProxy(Thermometer): """Connects with a server""" def __init__(self, host="127.0.0.1", port=1024): self._sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) try: self._sock.connect((host, port)) self._sock.recv(1024) except: raise Exception("Host not found.") def get_temperature(self): self._sock.send("GET_TEMP") return float(self._sock.recv(1024))
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import struct from libthermalraspi.i2c_device import I2CDevice from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer # Not yet tested on raspberry # all methods successfully tested against # datasheet specs. class LM73Device(Thermometer, I2CDevice): """ Author: HeKo, PatGro """ def get_temperature(self): # select Temperature register self.write('\x00') # read 2-byte temperature data = self.read(2) # Temperature register: # D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 # SIGN 128C 64C 32C 16C 8C 4C 2C # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 # 1C 0.5C 0.25C 0.125C 0.0625C 0.03125C reserved reserved msb, lsb = struct.unpack('BB', data) return LM73Device.create_temperature(msb, lsb) def set_resolution(self, resolution): #maybe validate input first before reading, #but atm i have to validate the input in the static method for easy-testing # select Control/Status register self.write('\x04') # read 1-byte binaryData = self.read(1) unpackedData =struct.unpack('B', binaryData) newData = LM73Device.getManipulatedResolution(unpackedData[0], resolution) self.write(struct.pack('B', newData)) def get_resolution(self): # select Control/Status register self.write('\x04') # read 1-byte binaryData = self.read(1) # Control/Status register: # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 # TO_DIS RES1 RES2 reserved ALRT_STAT THI TLOW DAV # # as we see above: Bit 5 + 6 are responsible for resolution control # resolution configuration: # 00: 0.25°C/LSB, 11-bit word (10 bits plus Sign) # 01: 0.125°C/LSB, 12-bit word (11 bits plus Sign) # 10: 0.0625°C/LSB, 13-bit word (12 bits plus Sign) # 11: 0.03125°C/LSB, 14-bit word (13 bits plus Sign) data = struct.unpack('B', binaryData) return LM73Device.resolveResolution(data) @staticmethod def getManipulatedResolution(data, resolution): if resolution > 3 or resolution < 0: raise Exception('Resolution have to be > 0 and < 4. Use the appropriate static values from ResolutionEnum!') resetResMask = 0xCF #11001111 resetedRes =data & resetResMask if resolution == ResolutionEnum.ZERO: return resetedRes elif resolution == ResolutionEnum.ONE: return resetedRes | 0x10 # 0001 0000 elif resolution == ResolutionEnum.TWO: return resetedRes | 0x20 # 0010 0000 elif resolution == ResolutionEnum.THREE: return resetedRes | 0x30 # 0011 0000 @staticmethod def resolveResolution(data): """ Return Values: 0 for 0.25°C/LSB, 11-bit word (10 bits plus Sign) 1 for 0.125°C/LSB, 12-bit word (11 bits plus Sign) 2 for 0.0625°C/LSB, 13-bit word (12 bits plus Sign) 3 0.03125°C/LSB, 14-bit word (13 bits plus Sign) """ mask=0x30 #00110000 return(data[0] & mask)>> 4 @staticmethod def create_temperature(msb, lsb): tmp = float(int(((msb & 0x7F) << 1) | (lsb >> 7))) ii = 1 mask = 0x40 while ii <= 5: if ((lsb & mask) >> (7 - ii)) != 0: tmp = tmp + (1.0 / (2 ** ii)) mask = mask >> 1 ii = ii + 1 if (msb & 0x80) != 0: tmp = tmp * -1 return tmp """ This class represents enum-like values. These values are the possible resolution values for our sensor! @see: getManipulatedResolution """ class ResolutionEnum: ZERO,ONE,TWO,THREE=range(4)
Python
from libthermalraspi.smbus_device import SMBusDevice from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.humiditysensor import HumiditySensor import time class Hyt221SMBus(SMBusDevice, Thermometer, HumiditySensor): def __init__(self, bus, addr): SMBusDevice.__init__(self, bus, addr) def _perform_measurement(self): # init -> trigger measurement self.__bus.write_quick(self.__addr) # wait until measurement is completed while(self.__bus.read_byte(self.__addr) & 0xC0 != 0): # check status bits time.sleep(0.001) def get_temperature(self): self._perform_measurement() # read measurement results result = bytearray(" ") result = self.__bus.read_i2c_block_data(self.__addr, 0) # calculating temperature -> see datasheet result[3] = result[3] & 0x3F Traw = result[2] << 6 | result[3] T = 165.0 * Traw / (2**14) - 40 return T def get_humidity(self): self._perform_measurement() # read measurement results result = bytearray(" ") result = self.__bus.read_i2c_block_data(self.__addr, 0) Hraw = result[0] << 8 | result[1] Hraw = Hraw & 0x3FFF H = 100.0 * Hraw / (2**14) return H
Python
import hwtest_lm73device import unittest suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(hwtest_lm73device.suite) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite) pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/python from libthermalraspi.database.Measurement import Measurement from libthermalraspi.database.DataStoreInMemory import DataStoreInMemory from libthermalraspi.database.DataStoreSQL import DataStoreSQL import datetime import unittest import sqlite3 import os class Datastoretest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp_InMemory(self): self._datastore = DataStoreInMemory() def setUp_SQL(self): connection = sqlite3.connect(":memory:") self._datastore = DataStoreSQL(connection) setupfile = open(os.path.dirname(__file__)+os.sep+"resources"+os.sep+"test_DataStore" + os.sep + "dbaccesstestsetup.sql",'r') query = setupfile.read() setupfile.close() cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.executescript(query) connection.commit() cursor.close() def assertResultByFile(self,result,filename): file = open(os.path.dirname(__file__)+os.sep+"resources"+os.sep+"test_DataStore" + os.sep + filename,'r') expectedResult = file.read() file.close() self.assertEqual(expectedResult,result) def test_add_sample_SQL(self): self.setUp_SQL() self.initDataForSqlStore() measurements = self._datastore.get_samples() result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_addSample.txt") def test_add_sample_InMemory(self): self.setUp_InMemory() self._datastore.initSomeTestData() measurements = self._datastore.get_samples() result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_addSample.txt") def test_get_samples_SQL(self): self.setUp_SQL() self.initDataForSqlStore() measurements = self._datastore.get_samples(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:58","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")) result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_get_samples.txt") def test_get_samples_InMemory(self): self.setUp_InMemory() self._datastore.initSomeTestData() measurements = self._datastore.get_samples(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:58","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")) result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_get_samples.txt") def initDataForSqlStore(self): self._datastore.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57:38","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Strawberry",20.12,0) self._datastore.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57:37","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Raspberry",30.0,0) self._datastore.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:58:36","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Banana",27.132,1) self._datastore.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:59:35","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Blackberry",27.132,0) suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Datastoretest) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite) pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/python from libthermalraspi.database.SensorDAO import SensorDAO from libthermalraspi.database.MeasurementDAO import MeasurementDAO from libthermalraspi.database.Measurement import Measurement from libthermalraspi.database.DataStoreSQL import DataStoreSQL import datetime import unittest import sqlite3 import os class DBAccesstest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): connection = sqlite3.connect(":memory:") #sqlite3.connect(os.path.dirname(__file__)+os.sep+"resources"+os.sep+"test_dbaccess" + os.sep + "sensordb.sqlite") self._datastore = DataStoreSQL(connection) setupfile = open(os.path.dirname(__file__)+os.sep+"resources"+os.sep+"test_dbaccess" + os.sep + "dbaccesstestsetup.sql",'r') query = setupfile.read() setupfile.close() cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.executescript(query) connection.commit() cursor.close() def assertResultByFile(self,result,filename): file = open(os.path.dirname(__file__)+os.sep+"resources"+os.sep+"test_dbaccess" + os.sep + filename,'r') expectedResult = file.read() file.close() self.assertEqual(expectedResult,result) def test_showSensors(self): sensorlist = SensorDAO.readAllSensors(self._datastore.get_Database()) result = "" for s in sensorlist: result += s.getName() + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_showSensors.txt") def test_insertSampleMeasure(self): sensors = SensorDAO.readAllSensors(self._datastore.get_Database()) measure = MeasurementDAO(sensors[0].getName(),datetime.datetime.now(),0.0,None) measure.insert(self._datastore.get_Database()) def test_showAllMeasurements(self): sensorlist = SensorDAO.readMeasurements(self._datastore.get_Database()) result = "" for s in sensorlist: for m in s.getMeasurements(): result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_showAllMeasurements.txt") def test_ShowMeasurementsOfSensor(self): sensor = SensorDAO.readAllSensors(self._datastore.get_Database())[0] sensor.readMyMeasurements(self._datastore.get_Database()) result = "" for m in sensor.getMeasurements(): result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_ShowMeasurementsOfSensor.txt") def test_ShowMeasurementsWithFilter(self): sensorlist = SensorDAO.readMeasurements(self._datastore.get_Database(), \ topCount=1, \ #sensorIDs=[1,3,4], \ fromTimestamp=datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-01 00:00","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"), \ toTimestamp=datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-01 23:58","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"), \ ) result = "" for s in sensorlist: for m in s.getMeasurements(): result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_ShowMeasurementsWithFilter.txt") def test_addSample(self): self._datastore.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:59","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),"testsensor",33.33,"Mein Error") measurements = self._datastore.get_samples() result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_addSample.txt") def test_get_samples(self): measurements = self._datastore.get_samples(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-01 00:00","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"),datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-01 23:58","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")) result = "" for m in measurements: result += str(m) + "\n" self.assertResultByFile(result,"test_get_samples.txt") suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(DBAccesstest) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite) pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/python from libthermalraspi.sensors.simulation import CyclicThermometer from libthermalraspi.sensors.thermometer import Thermometer import os import sys _listSensors = [] _listSensors.append(CyclicThermometer([5])) _listSensors.append(CyclicThermometer([10])) _listSensors.append(CyclicThermometer([45])) _listTemperatures = [] _childProcesses = [] _r, _w = os.pipe() for listSensor in _listSensors: print("next sensor") newpid = os.fork() if newpid == 0: # parent process os.close(_r) _w = os.fdopen(_w, 'w') print "child: writing - " + str(listSensor.get_temperature()) _w.write(str(listSensor.get_temperature())+ "\n") _w.close() print "child: closing" os._exit(0) else: _childProcesses.append(newpid) os.close(_w) _r = os.fdopen(_r) # turn r into a file object for childProcess in _childProcesses: os.waitpid(childProcess, 0) temperature = _r.readline() print "parent: reading from " + str(childProcess) + " => temperature is " + temperature _listTemperatures.append(temperature) _listTemperatures = map(float, _listTemperatures) avgTemperature = sum(_listTemperatures) / len(_listTemperatures) print "****************************************" print "Durchschnittstemperatur betraegt: " + str(avgTemperature) print "****************************************"
Python
#!usr/bin/python from libthermalraspi.sensors.stds75 import Stds75 t = Stds75(1, 0x4e) print t.get_temperature()
Python
import test_simulation import test_lm73device import test_xmlMeasurementService import test_compositeSensor_g2_3 import test_compositeThermometer_SWD11G2_2 #import test_SensorConfigReader import unittest suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(test_simulation.suite) suite.addTest(test_lm73device.suite) suite.addTest(test_xmlMeasurementService.suite) suite.addTest(test_compositeSensor_g2_3.suite) suite.addTest(test_compositeThermometer_SWD11G2_2.suite) #suite.addTest(test_SensorConfigReader.suite) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite) pass
Python
''' Created on 22.04.2013 @author: Helmut ''' from libthermalraspi.sensors.lm73device import LM73Device import unittest class LM73DeviceHWTest(unittest.TestCase): def test__resolution(self): dev = LM73Device(1, 0x48) res = dev.get_resolution() # todo... #dev.set_resolution(res) # verify... suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(LM73DeviceHWTest) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite) pass
Python
import datetime from libthermalraspi.database.DataStore import DataStore from libthermalraspi.database.Measurement import Measurement class DataStoreInMemory(DataStore): def __init__(self): self._measures = [] def get_samples(self,fromTimestamp=None,toTimestamp=None): return sorted( \ sorted( \ (filter(lambda m: (toTimestamp==None or m.getTimestamp() <= toTimestamp) and (fromTimestamp==None or m.getTimestamp() >= fromTimestamp),self._measures)) \ ,key=lambda m: m.getTimestamp(),reverse=True) \ ,key=lambda m: m.getSensorname()) def add_sample(self,timestamp, sensorname, temperatur, status): self._measures.append(Measurement(sensorname, timestamp, temperatur, status)) def initSomeTestData(self): self.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57:38","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Strawberry",20.12,0) self.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:57:37","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Raspberry",30.0,0) self.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:58:36","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Banana",27.132,1) self.add_sample(datetime.datetime.strptime("2013-01-30 23:59:35","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),"Blackberry",27.132,0)
Python