code
stringlengths
1
1.72M
language
stringclasses
1 value
""" Settings and configuration for Django. Values will be read from the module specified by the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable, and then from django.conf.global_settings; see the global settings file for a list of all possible variables. """ import os import re import time # Needed for Windows import warnings from django.conf import global_settings from django.utils.functional import LazyObject from django.utils import importlib ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE = "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE" class LazySettings(LazyObject): """ A lazy proxy for either global Django settings or a custom settings object. The user can manually configure settings prior to using them. Otherwise, Django uses the settings module pointed to by DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE. """ def _setup(self): """ Load the settings module pointed to by the environment variable. This is used the first time we need any settings at all, if the user has not previously configured the settings manually. """ try: settings_module = os.environ[ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE] if not settings_module: # If it's set but is an empty string. raise KeyError except KeyError: # NOTE: This is arguably an EnvironmentError, but that causes # problems with Python's interactive help. raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE) self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module) def configure(self, default_settings=global_settings, **options): """ Called to manually configure the settings. The 'default_settings' parameter sets where to retrieve any unspecified values from (its argument must support attribute access (__getattr__)). """ if self._wrapped != None: raise RuntimeError('Settings already configured.') holder = UserSettingsHolder(default_settings) for name, value in options.items(): setattr(holder, name, value) self._wrapped = holder def configured(self): """ Returns True if the settings have already been configured. """ return bool(self._wrapped) configured = property(configured) class BaseSettings(object): """ Common logic for settings whether set by a module or by the user. """ def __setattr__(self, name, value): if name in ("MEDIA_URL", "STATIC_URL") and value and not value.endswith('/'): warnings.warn('If set, %s must end with a slash' % name, PendingDeprecationWarning) object.__setattr__(self, name, value) class Settings(BaseSettings): def __init__(self, settings_module): # update this dict from global settings (but only for ALL_CAPS settings) for setting in dir(global_settings): if setting == setting.upper(): setattr(self, setting, getattr(global_settings, setting)) # store the settings module in case someone later cares self.SETTINGS_MODULE = settings_module try: mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE) except ImportError, e: raise ImportError("Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)) # Settings that should be converted into tuples if they're mistakenly entered # as strings. tuple_settings = ("INSTALLED_APPS", "TEMPLATE_DIRS") for setting in dir(mod): if setting == setting.upper(): setting_value = getattr(mod, setting) if setting in tuple_settings and type(setting_value) == str: setting_value = (setting_value,) # In case the user forgot the comma. setattr(self, setting, setting_value) # Expand entries in INSTALLED_APPS like "django.contrib.*" to a list # of all those apps. new_installed_apps = [] for app in self.INSTALLED_APPS: if app.endswith('.*'): app_mod = importlib.import_module(app[:-2]) appdir = os.path.dirname(app_mod.__file__) app_subdirs = os.listdir(appdir) app_subdirs.sort() name_pattern = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z]\w*') for d in app_subdirs: if name_pattern.match(d) and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(appdir, d)): new_installed_apps.append('%s.%s' % (app[:-2], d)) else: new_installed_apps.append(app) self.INSTALLED_APPS = new_installed_apps if hasattr(time, 'tzset') and self.TIME_ZONE: # When we can, attempt to validate the timezone. If we can't find # this file, no check happens and it's harmless. zoneinfo_root = '/usr/share/zoneinfo' if (os.path.exists(zoneinfo_root) and not os.path.exists(os.path.join(zoneinfo_root, *(self.TIME_ZONE.split('/'))))): raise ValueError("Incorrect timezone setting: %s" % self.TIME_ZONE) # Move the time zone info into os.environ. See ticket #2315 for why # we don't do this unconditionally (breaks Windows). os.environ['TZ'] = self.TIME_ZONE time.tzset() # Settings are configured, so we can set up the logger if required if self.LOGGING_CONFIG: # First find the logging configuration function ... logging_config_path, logging_config_func_name = self.LOGGING_CONFIG.rsplit('.', 1) logging_config_module = importlib.import_module(logging_config_path) logging_config_func = getattr(logging_config_module, logging_config_func_name) # ... then invoke it with the logging settings logging_config_func(self.LOGGING) class UserSettingsHolder(BaseSettings): """ Holder for user configured settings. """ # SETTINGS_MODULE doesn't make much sense in the manually configured # (standalone) case. SETTINGS_MODULE = None def __init__(self, default_settings): """ Requests for configuration variables not in this class are satisfied from the module specified in default_settings (if possible). """ self.default_settings = default_settings def __getattr__(self, name): return getattr(self.default_settings, name) def __dir__(self): return self.__dict__.keys() + dir(self.default_settings) # For Python < 2.6: __members__ = property(lambda self: self.__dir__()) settings = LazySettings()
Python
# Default Django settings. Override these with settings in the module # pointed-to by the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable. # This is defined here as a do-nothing function because we can't import # django.utils.translation -- that module depends on the settings. gettext_noop = lambda s: s #################### # CORE # #################### DEBUG = False TEMPLATE_DEBUG = False # Whether the framework should propagate raw exceptions rather than catching # them. This is useful under some testing siutations and should never be used # on a live site. DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = False # Whether to use the "Etag" header. This saves bandwidth but slows down performance. USE_ETAGS = False # People who get code error notifications. # In the format (('Full Name', 'email@example.com'), ('Full Name', 'anotheremail@example.com')) ADMINS = () # Tuple of IP addresses, as strings, that: # * See debug comments, when DEBUG is true # * Receive x-headers INTERNAL_IPS = () # Local time zone for this installation. All choices can be found here: # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name (although not all # systems may support all possibilities). TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago' # Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here: # http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' # Languages we provide translations for, out of the box. The language name # should be the utf-8 encoded local name for the language. LANGUAGES = ( ('ar', gettext_noop('Arabic')), ('az', gettext_noop('Azerbaijani')), ('bg', gettext_noop('Bulgarian')), ('bn', gettext_noop('Bengali')), ('bs', gettext_noop('Bosnian')), ('ca', gettext_noop('Catalan')), ('cs', gettext_noop('Czech')), ('cy', gettext_noop('Welsh')), ('da', gettext_noop('Danish')), ('de', gettext_noop('German')), ('el', gettext_noop('Greek')), ('en', gettext_noop('English')), ('en-gb', gettext_noop('British English')), ('es', gettext_noop('Spanish')), ('es-ar', gettext_noop('Argentinian Spanish')), ('es-mx', gettext_noop('Mexican Spanish')), ('es-ni', gettext_noop('Nicaraguan Spanish')), ('et', gettext_noop('Estonian')), ('eu', gettext_noop('Basque')), ('fa', gettext_noop('Persian')), ('fi', gettext_noop('Finnish')), ('fr', gettext_noop('French')), ('fy-nl', gettext_noop('Frisian')), ('ga', gettext_noop('Irish')), ('gl', gettext_noop('Galician')), ('he', gettext_noop('Hebrew')), ('hi', gettext_noop('Hindi')), ('hr', gettext_noop('Croatian')), ('hu', gettext_noop('Hungarian')), ('id', gettext_noop('Indonesian')), ('is', gettext_noop('Icelandic')), ('it', gettext_noop('Italian')), ('ja', gettext_noop('Japanese')), ('ka', gettext_noop('Georgian')), ('km', gettext_noop('Khmer')), ('kn', gettext_noop('Kannada')), ('ko', gettext_noop('Korean')), ('lt', gettext_noop('Lithuanian')), ('lv', gettext_noop('Latvian')), ('mk', gettext_noop('Macedonian')), ('ml', gettext_noop('Malayalam')), ('mn', gettext_noop('Mongolian')), ('nl', gettext_noop('Dutch')), ('no', gettext_noop('Norwegian')), ('nb', gettext_noop('Norwegian Bokmal')), ('nn', gettext_noop('Norwegian Nynorsk')), ('pa', gettext_noop('Punjabi')), ('pl', gettext_noop('Polish')), ('pt', gettext_noop('Portuguese')), ('pt-br', gettext_noop('Brazilian Portuguese')), ('ro', gettext_noop('Romanian')), ('ru', gettext_noop('Russian')), ('sk', gettext_noop('Slovak')), ('sl', gettext_noop('Slovenian')), ('sq', gettext_noop('Albanian')), ('sr', gettext_noop('Serbian')), ('sr-latn', gettext_noop('Serbian Latin')), ('sv', gettext_noop('Swedish')), ('ta', gettext_noop('Tamil')), ('te', gettext_noop('Telugu')), ('th', gettext_noop('Thai')), ('tr', gettext_noop('Turkish')), ('uk', gettext_noop('Ukrainian')), ('ur', gettext_noop('Urdu')), ('vi', gettext_noop('Vietnamese')), ('zh-cn', gettext_noop('Simplified Chinese')), ('zh-tw', gettext_noop('Traditional Chinese')), ) # Languages using BiDi (right-to-left) layout LANGUAGES_BIDI = ("he", "ar", "fa") # If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not # to load the internationalization machinery. USE_I18N = True LOCALE_PATHS = () LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME = 'django_language' # If you set this to True, Django will format dates, numbers and calendars # according to user current locale USE_L10N = False # Not-necessarily-technical managers of the site. They get broken link # notifications and other various e-mails. MANAGERS = ADMINS # Default content type and charset to use for all HttpResponse objects, if a # MIME type isn't manually specified. These are used to construct the # Content-Type header. DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = 'text/html' DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'utf-8' # Encoding of files read from disk (template and initial SQL files). FILE_CHARSET = 'utf-8' # E-mail address that error messages come from. SERVER_EMAIL = 'root@localhost' # Whether to send broken-link e-mails. SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS = False # Database connection info. # Legacy format DATABASE_ENGINE = '' # 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'. DATABASE_NAME = '' # Or path to database file if using sqlite3. DATABASE_USER = '' # Not used with sqlite3. DATABASE_PASSWORD = '' # Not used with sqlite3. DATABASE_HOST = '' # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3. DATABASE_PORT = '' # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3. DATABASE_OPTIONS = {} # Set to empty dictionary for default. # New format DATABASES = { } # Classes used to implement db routing behaviour DATABASE_ROUTERS = [] # The email backend to use. For possible shortcuts see django.core.mail. # The default is to use the SMTP backend. # Third-party backends can be specified by providing a Python path # to a module that defines an EmailBackend class. EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend' # Host for sending e-mail. EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost' # Port for sending e-mail. EMAIL_PORT = 25 # Optional SMTP authentication information for EMAIL_HOST. EMAIL_HOST_USER = '' EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '' EMAIL_USE_TLS = False # List of strings representing installed apps. INSTALLED_APPS = () # List of locations of the template source files, in search order. TEMPLATE_DIRS = () # List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources. # See the comments in django/core/template/loader.py for interface # documentation. TEMPLATE_LOADERS = ( 'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader', 'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader', # 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader', ) # List of processors used by RequestContext to populate the context. # Each one should be a callable that takes the request object as its # only parameter and returns a dictionary to add to the context. TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = ( 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.core.context_processors.debug', 'django.core.context_processors.i18n', 'django.core.context_processors.media', 'django.core.context_processors.static', # 'django.core.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ) # Output to use in template system for invalid (e.g. misspelled) variables. TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID = '' # Default e-mail address to use for various automated correspondence from # the site managers. DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = 'webmaster@localhost' # Subject-line prefix for email messages send with django.core.mail.mail_admins # or ...mail_managers. Make sure to include the trailing space. EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[Django] ' # Whether to append trailing slashes to URLs. APPEND_SLASH = True # Whether to prepend the "www." subdomain to URLs that don't have it. PREPEND_WWW = False # Override the server-derived value of SCRIPT_NAME FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME = None # List of compiled regular expression objects representing User-Agent strings # that are not allowed to visit any page, systemwide. Use this for bad # robots/crawlers. Here are a few examples: # import re # DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS = ( # re.compile(r'^NaverBot.*'), # re.compile(r'^EmailSiphon.*'), # re.compile(r'^SiteSucker.*'), # re.compile(r'^sohu-search') # ) DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS = () ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES = {} # Tuple of strings representing allowed prefixes for the {% ssi %} tag. # Example: ('/home/html', '/var/www') ALLOWED_INCLUDE_ROOTS = () # If this is a admin settings module, this should be a list of # settings modules (in the format 'foo.bar.baz') for which this admin # is an admin. ADMIN_FOR = () # 404s that may be ignored. IGNORABLE_404_STARTS = ('/cgi-bin/', '/_vti_bin', '/_vti_inf') IGNORABLE_404_ENDS = ('mail.pl', 'mailform.pl', 'mail.cgi', 'mailform.cgi', 'favicon.ico', '.php') # A secret key for this particular Django installation. Used in secret-key # hashing algorithms. Set this in your settings, or Django will complain # loudly. SECRET_KEY = '' # Default file storage mechanism that holds media. DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage' # Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files. # Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/" MEDIA_ROOT = '' # URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. # Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/" MEDIA_URL = '' # Absolute path to the directory that holds static files. # Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/" STATIC_ROOT = '' # URL that handles the static files served from STATIC_ROOT. # Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/" STATIC_URL = None # List of upload handler classes to be applied in order. FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS = ( 'django.core.files.uploadhandler.MemoryFileUploadHandler', 'django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler', ) # Maximum size, in bytes, of a request before it will be streamed to the # file system instead of into memory. FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE = 2621440 # i.e. 2.5 MB # Directory in which upload streamed files will be temporarily saved. A value of # `None` will make Django use the operating system's default temporary directory # (i.e. "/tmp" on *nix systems). FILE_UPLOAD_TEMP_DIR = None # The numeric mode to set newly-uploaded files to. The value should be a mode # you'd pass directly to os.chmod; see http://docs.python.org/lib/os-file-dir.html. FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS = None # Python module path where user will place custom format definition. # The directory where this setting is pointing should contain subdirectories # named as the locales, containing a formats.py file # (i.e. "myproject.locale" for myproject/locale/en/formats.py etc. use) FORMAT_MODULE_PATH = None # Default formatting for date objects. See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date DATE_FORMAT = 'N j, Y' # Default formatting for datetime objects. See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date DATETIME_FORMAT = 'N j, Y, P' # Default formatting for time objects. See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date TIME_FORMAT = 'P' # Default formatting for date objects when only the year and month are relevant. # See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT = 'F Y' # Default formatting for date objects when only the month and day are relevant. # See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date MONTH_DAY_FORMAT = 'F j' # Default short formatting for date objects. See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date SHORT_DATE_FORMAT = 'm/d/Y' # Default short formatting for datetime objects. # See all available format strings here: # http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/#date SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT = 'm/d/Y P' # Default formats to be used when parsing dates from input boxes, in order # See all available format string here: # http://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html#strftime-behavior # * Note that these format strings are different from the ones to display dates DATE_INPUT_FORMATS = ( '%Y-%m-%d', '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', # '2006-10-25', '10/25/2006', '10/25/06' '%b %d %Y', '%b %d, %Y', # 'Oct 25 2006', 'Oct 25, 2006' '%d %b %Y', '%d %b, %Y', # '25 Oct 2006', '25 Oct, 2006' '%B %d %Y', '%B %d, %Y', # 'October 25 2006', 'October 25, 2006' '%d %B %Y', '%d %B, %Y', # '25 October 2006', '25 October, 2006' ) # Default formats to be used when parsing times from input boxes, in order # See all available format string here: # http://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html#strftime-behavior # * Note that these format strings are different from the ones to display dates TIME_INPUT_FORMATS = ( '%H:%M:%S', # '14:30:59' '%H:%M', # '14:30' ) # Default formats to be used when parsing dates and times from input boxes, # in order # See all available format string here: # http://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html#strftime-behavior # * Note that these format strings are different from the ones to display dates DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS = ( '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', # '2006-10-25 14:30:59' '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', # '2006-10-25 14:30' '%Y-%m-%d', # '2006-10-25' '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S', # '10/25/2006 14:30:59' '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M', # '10/25/2006 14:30' '%m/%d/%Y', # '10/25/2006' '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S', # '10/25/06 14:30:59' '%m/%d/%y %H:%M', # '10/25/06 14:30' '%m/%d/%y', # '10/25/06' ) # First day of week, to be used on calendars # 0 means Sunday, 1 means Monday... FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK = 0 # Decimal separator symbol DECIMAL_SEPARATOR = '.' # Boolean that sets whether to add thousand separator when formatting numbers USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = False # Number of digits that will be together, when spliting them by # THOUSAND_SEPARATOR. 0 means no grouping, 3 means splitting by thousands... NUMBER_GROUPING = 0 # Thousand separator symbol THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = ',' # Do you want to manage transactions manually? # Hint: you really don't! TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED = False # The User-Agent string to use when checking for URL validity through the # isExistingURL validator. from django import get_version URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT = "Django/%s (http://www.djangoproject.com)" % get_version() # The tablespaces to use for each model when not specified otherwise. DEFAULT_TABLESPACE = '' DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE = '' USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = False ############## # MIDDLEWARE # ############## # List of middleware classes to use. Order is important; in the request phase, # this middleware classes will be applied in the order given, and in the # response phase the middleware will be applied in reverse order. MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.http.ConditionalGetMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware', ) ############ # SESSIONS # ############ SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = 'sessionid' # Cookie name. This can be whatever you want. SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 2 # Age of cookie, in seconds (default: 2 weeks). SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None # A string like ".lawrence.com", or None for standard domain cookie. SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False # Whether the session cookie should be secure (https:// only). SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = '/' # The path of the session cookie. SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = False # Whether to use the non-RFC standard httpOnly flag (IE, FF3+, others) SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False # Whether to save the session data on every request. SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False # Whether a user's session cookie expires when the Web browser is closed. SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db' # The module to store session data SESSION_FILE_PATH = None # Directory to store session files if using the file session module. If None, the backend will use a sensible default. ######### # CACHE # ######### # New format CACHES = { } # The cache backend to use. See the docstring in django.core.cache for the # possible values. CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX = '' CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS = 600 CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS = 'default' #################### # COMMENTS # #################### COMMENTS_ALLOW_PROFANITIES = False # The profanities that will trigger a validation error in the # 'hasNoProfanities' validator. All of these should be in lowercase. PROFANITIES_LIST = () # The group ID that designates which users are banned. # Set to None if you're not using it. COMMENTS_BANNED_USERS_GROUP = None # The group ID that designates which users can moderate comments. # Set to None if you're not using it. COMMENTS_MODERATORS_GROUP = None # The group ID that designates the users whose comments should be e-mailed to MANAGERS. # Set to None if you're not using it. COMMENTS_SKETCHY_USERS_GROUP = None # The system will e-mail MANAGERS the first COMMENTS_FIRST_FEW comments by each # user. Set this to 0 if you want to disable it. COMMENTS_FIRST_FEW = 0 # A tuple of IP addresses that have been banned from participating in various # Django-powered features. BANNED_IPS = () ################## # AUTHENTICATION # ################## AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ('django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',) LOGIN_URL = '/accounts/login/' LOGOUT_URL = '/accounts/logout/' LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/accounts/profile/' # The number of days a password reset link is valid for PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS = 3 ######## # CSRF # ######## # Dotted path to callable to be used as view when a request is # rejected by the CSRF middleware. CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW = 'django.views.csrf.csrf_failure' # Name and domain for CSRF cookie. CSRF_COOKIE_NAME = 'csrftoken' CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None ############ # MESSAGES # ############ # Class to use as messges backend MESSAGE_STORAGE = 'django.contrib.messages.storage.user_messages.LegacyFallbackStorage' # Default values of MESSAGE_LEVEL and MESSAGE_TAGS are defined within # django.contrib.messages to avoid imports in this settings file. ########### # LOGGING # ########### # The callable to use to configure logging LOGGING_CONFIG = 'django.utils.log.dictConfig' # The default logging configuration. This sends an email to # the site admins on every HTTP 500 error. All other log # records are sent to the bit bucket. LOGGING = { 'version': 1, 'disable_existing_loggers': False, 'handlers': { 'mail_admins': { 'level': 'ERROR', 'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler' } }, 'loggers': { 'django.request': { 'handlers': ['mail_admins'], 'level': 'ERROR', 'propagate': True, }, } } ########### # TESTING # ########### # The name of the class to use to run the test suite TEST_RUNNER = 'django.test.simple.DjangoTestSuiteRunner' # The name of the database to use for testing purposes. # If None, a name of 'test_' + DATABASE_NAME will be assumed TEST_DATABASE_NAME = None # Strings used to set the character set and collation order for the test # database. These values are passed literally to the server, so they are # backend-dependent. If None, no special settings are sent (system defaults are # used). TEST_DATABASE_CHARSET = None TEST_DATABASE_COLLATION = None ############ # FIXTURES # ############ # The list of directories to search for fixtures FIXTURE_DIRS = () ############### # STATICFILES # ############### # A list of locations of additional static files STATICFILES_DIRS = () # The default file storage backend used during the build process STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage' # List of finder classes that know how to find static files in # various locations. STATICFILES_FINDERS = ( 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder', 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder', # 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder', ) # URL prefix for admin media -- CSS, JavaScript and images. # Make sure to use a trailing slash. # Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/". ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'
Python
from django.db import models # Create your models here.
Python
""" This file demonstrates writing tests using the unittest module. These will pass when you run "manage.py test". Replace this with more appropriate tests for your application. """ from django.test import TestCase class SimpleTest(TestCase): def test_basic_addition(self): """ Tests that 1 + 1 always equals 2. """ self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)
Python
# Create your views here.
Python
""" Parser and utilities for the smart 'if' tag """ import operator # Using a simple top down parser, as described here: # http://effbot.org/zone/simple-top-down-parsing.htm. # 'led' = left denotation # 'nud' = null denotation # 'bp' = binding power (left = lbp, right = rbp) class TokenBase(object): """ Base class for operators and literals, mainly for debugging and for throwing syntax errors. """ id = None # node/token type name value = None # used by literals first = second = None # used by tree nodes def nud(self, parser): # Null denotation - called in prefix context raise parser.error_class( "Not expecting '%s' in this position in if tag." % self.id ) def led(self, left, parser): # Left denotation - called in infix context raise parser.error_class( "Not expecting '%s' as infix operator in if tag." % self.id ) def display(self): """ Returns what to display in error messages for this node """ return self.id def __repr__(self): out = [str(x) for x in [self.id, self.first, self.second] if x is not None] return "(" + " ".join(out) + ")" def infix(bp, func): """ Creates an infix operator, given a binding power and a function that evaluates the node """ class Operator(TokenBase): lbp = bp def led(self, left, parser): self.first = left self.second = parser.expression(bp) return self def eval(self, context): try: return func(context, self.first, self.second) except Exception: # Templates shouldn't throw exceptions when rendering. We are # most likely to get exceptions for things like {% if foo in bar # %} where 'bar' does not support 'in', so default to False return False return Operator def prefix(bp, func): """ Creates a prefix operator, given a binding power and a function that evaluates the node. """ class Operator(TokenBase): lbp = bp def nud(self, parser): self.first = parser.expression(bp) self.second = None return self def eval(self, context): try: return func(context, self.first) except Exception: return False return Operator # Operator precedence follows Python. # NB - we can get slightly more accurate syntax error messages by not using the # same object for '==' and '='. # We defer variable evaluation to the lambda to ensure that terms are # lazily evaluated using Python's boolean parsing logic. OPERATORS = { 'or': infix(6, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) or y.eval(context)), 'and': infix(7, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) and y.eval(context)), 'not': prefix(8, lambda context, x: not x.eval(context)), 'in': infix(9, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) in y.eval(context)), 'not in': infix(9, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) not in y.eval(context)), '=': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) == y.eval(context)), '==': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) == y.eval(context)), '!=': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) != y.eval(context)), '>': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) > y.eval(context)), '>=': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) >= y.eval(context)), '<': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) < y.eval(context)), '<=': infix(10, lambda context, x, y: x.eval(context) <= y.eval(context)), } # Assign 'id' to each: for key, op in OPERATORS.items(): op.id = key class Literal(TokenBase): """ A basic self-resolvable object similar to a Django template variable. """ # IfParser uses Literal in create_var, but TemplateIfParser overrides # create_var so that a proper implementation that actually resolves # variables, filters etc is used. id = "literal" lbp = 0 def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def display(self): return repr(self.value) def nud(self, parser): return self def eval(self, context): return self.value def __repr__(self): return "(%s %r)" % (self.id, self.value) class EndToken(TokenBase): lbp = 0 def nud(self, parser): raise parser.error_class("Unexpected end of expression in if tag.") EndToken = EndToken() class IfParser(object): error_class = ValueError def __init__(self, tokens): # pre-pass necessary to turn 'not','in' into single token l = len(tokens) mapped_tokens = [] i = 0 while i < l: token = tokens[i] if token == "not" and i + 1 < l and tokens[i+1] == "in": token = "not in" i += 1 # skip 'in' mapped_tokens.append(self.translate_token(token)) i += 1 self.tokens = mapped_tokens self.pos = 0 self.current_token = self.next() def translate_token(self, token): try: op = OPERATORS[token] except (KeyError, TypeError): return self.create_var(token) else: return op() def next(self): if self.pos >= len(self.tokens): return EndToken else: retval = self.tokens[self.pos] self.pos += 1 return retval def parse(self): retval = self.expression() # Check that we have exhausted all the tokens if self.current_token is not EndToken: raise self.error_class("Unused '%s' at end of if expression." % self.current_token.display()) return retval def expression(self, rbp=0): t = self.current_token self.current_token = self.next() left = t.nud(self) while rbp < self.current_token.lbp: t = self.current_token self.current_token = self.next() left = t.led(left, self) return left def create_var(self, value): return Literal(value)
Python
""" Wrapper class that takes a list of template loaders as an argument and attempts to load templates from them in order, caching the result. """ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.template.base import TemplateDoesNotExist from django.template.loader import BaseLoader, get_template_from_string, find_template_loader, make_origin from django.utils.hashcompat import sha_constructor from django.utils.importlib import import_module class Loader(BaseLoader): is_usable = True def __init__(self, loaders): self.template_cache = {} self._loaders = loaders self._cached_loaders = [] @property def loaders(self): # Resolve loaders on demand to avoid circular imports if not self._cached_loaders: for loader in self._loaders: self._cached_loaders.append(find_template_loader(loader)) return self._cached_loaders def find_template(self, name, dirs=None): for loader in self.loaders: try: template, display_name = loader(name, dirs) return (template, make_origin(display_name, loader, name, dirs)) except TemplateDoesNotExist: pass raise TemplateDoesNotExist(name) def load_template(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): key = template_name if template_dirs: # If template directories were specified, use a hash to differentiate key = '-'.join([template_name, sha_constructor('|'.join(template_dirs)).hexdigest()]) if key not in self.template_cache: template, origin = self.find_template(template_name, template_dirs) if not hasattr(template, 'render'): try: template = get_template_from_string(template, origin, template_name) except TemplateDoesNotExist: # If compiling the template we found raises TemplateDoesNotExist, # back off to returning the source and display name for the template # we were asked to load. This allows for correct identification (later) # of the actual template that does not exist. return template, origin self.template_cache[key] = template return self.template_cache[key], None def reset(self): "Empty the template cache." self.template_cache.clear()
Python
# Wrapper for loading templates from eggs via pkg_resources.resource_string. try: from pkg_resources import resource_string except ImportError: resource_string = None from django.template.base import TemplateDoesNotExist from django.template.loader import BaseLoader from django.conf import settings class Loader(BaseLoader): is_usable = resource_string is not None def load_template_source(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): """ Loads templates from Python eggs via pkg_resource.resource_string. For every installed app, it tries to get the resource (app, template_name). """ if resource_string is not None: pkg_name = 'templates/' + template_name for app in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: try: return (resource_string(app, pkg_name).decode(settings.FILE_CHARSET), 'egg:%s:%s' % (app, pkg_name)) except: pass raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name) _loader = Loader() def load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs=None): import warnings warnings.warn( "'django.template.loaders.eggs.load_template_source' is deprecated; use 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader' instead.", DeprecationWarning ) return _loader.load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs) load_template_source.is_usable = resource_string is not None
Python
""" Wrapper for loading templates from "templates" directories in INSTALLED_APPS packages. """ import os import sys from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.template.base import TemplateDoesNotExist from django.template.loader import BaseLoader from django.utils._os import safe_join from django.utils.importlib import import_module # At compile time, cache the directories to search. fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding() app_template_dirs = [] for app in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: try: mod = import_module(app) except ImportError, e: raise ImproperlyConfigured('ImportError %s: %s' % (app, e.args[0])) template_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(mod.__file__), 'templates') if os.path.isdir(template_dir): app_template_dirs.append(template_dir.decode(fs_encoding)) # It won't change, so convert it to a tuple to save memory. app_template_dirs = tuple(app_template_dirs) class Loader(BaseLoader): is_usable = True def get_template_sources(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): """ Returns the absolute paths to "template_name", when appended to each directory in "template_dirs". Any paths that don't lie inside one of the template dirs are excluded from the result set, for security reasons. """ if not template_dirs: template_dirs = app_template_dirs for template_dir in template_dirs: try: yield safe_join(template_dir, template_name) except UnicodeDecodeError: # The template dir name was a bytestring that wasn't valid UTF-8. raise except ValueError: # The joined path was located outside of template_dir. pass def load_template_source(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): for filepath in self.get_template_sources(template_name, template_dirs): try: file = open(filepath) try: return (file.read().decode(settings.FILE_CHARSET), filepath) finally: file.close() except IOError: pass raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name) _loader = Loader() def load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs=None): # For backwards compatibility import warnings warnings.warn( "'django.template.loaders.app_directories.load_template_source' is deprecated; use 'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader' instead.", DeprecationWarning ) return _loader.load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs) load_template_source.is_usable = True
Python
""" Wrapper for loading templates from the filesystem. """ from django.conf import settings from django.template.base import TemplateDoesNotExist from django.template.loader import BaseLoader from django.utils._os import safe_join class Loader(BaseLoader): is_usable = True def get_template_sources(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): """ Returns the absolute paths to "template_name", when appended to each directory in "template_dirs". Any paths that don't lie inside one of the template dirs are excluded from the result set, for security reasons. """ if not template_dirs: template_dirs = settings.TEMPLATE_DIRS for template_dir in template_dirs: try: yield safe_join(template_dir, template_name) except UnicodeDecodeError: # The template dir name was a bytestring that wasn't valid UTF-8. raise except ValueError: # The joined path was located outside of this particular # template_dir (it might be inside another one, so this isn't # fatal). pass def load_template_source(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): tried = [] for filepath in self.get_template_sources(template_name, template_dirs): try: file = open(filepath) try: return (file.read().decode(settings.FILE_CHARSET), filepath) finally: file.close() except IOError: tried.append(filepath) if tried: error_msg = "Tried %s" % tried else: error_msg = "Your TEMPLATE_DIRS setting is empty. Change it to point to at least one template directory." raise TemplateDoesNotExist(error_msg) load_template_source.is_usable = True _loader = Loader() def load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs=None): # For backwards compatibility import warnings warnings.warn( "'django.template.loaders.filesystem.load_template_source' is deprecated; use 'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader' instead.", DeprecationWarning ) return _loader.load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs) load_template_source.is_usable = True
Python
from django.conf import settings from django.template.base import Lexer, Parser, tag_re, NodeList, VariableNode, TemplateSyntaxError from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode from django.utils.html import escape from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, EscapeData from django.utils.formats import localize class DebugLexer(Lexer): def __init__(self, template_string, origin): super(DebugLexer, self).__init__(template_string, origin) def tokenize(self): "Return a list of tokens from a given template_string" result, upto = [], 0 for match in tag_re.finditer(self.template_string): start, end = match.span() if start > upto: result.append(self.create_token(self.template_string[upto:start], (upto, start), False)) upto = start result.append(self.create_token(self.template_string[start:end], (start, end), True)) upto = end last_bit = self.template_string[upto:] if last_bit: result.append(self.create_token(last_bit, (upto, upto + len(last_bit)), False)) return result def create_token(self, token_string, source, in_tag): token = super(DebugLexer, self).create_token(token_string, in_tag) token.source = self.origin, source return token class DebugParser(Parser): def __init__(self, lexer): super(DebugParser, self).__init__(lexer) self.command_stack = [] def enter_command(self, command, token): self.command_stack.append( (command, token.source) ) def exit_command(self): self.command_stack.pop() def error(self, token, msg): return self.source_error(token.source, msg) def source_error(self, source,msg): e = TemplateSyntaxError(msg) e.source = source return e def create_nodelist(self): return DebugNodeList() def create_variable_node(self, contents): return DebugVariableNode(contents) def extend_nodelist(self, nodelist, node, token): node.source = token.source super(DebugParser, self).extend_nodelist(nodelist, node, token) def unclosed_block_tag(self, parse_until): command, source = self.command_stack.pop() msg = "Unclosed tag '%s'. Looking for one of: %s " % (command, ', '.join(parse_until)) raise self.source_error(source, msg) def compile_function_error(self, token, e): if not hasattr(e, 'source'): e.source = token.source class DebugNodeList(NodeList): def render_node(self, node, context): try: result = node.render(context) except TemplateSyntaxError, e: if not hasattr(e, 'source'): e.source = node.source raise except Exception, e: from sys import exc_info wrapped = TemplateSyntaxError(u'Caught %s while rendering: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, force_unicode(e, errors='replace'))) wrapped.source = node.source wrapped.exc_info = exc_info() raise wrapped, None, wrapped.exc_info[2] return result class DebugVariableNode(VariableNode): def render(self, context): try: output = self.filter_expression.resolve(context) output = localize(output, use_l10n=context.use_l10n) output = force_unicode(output) except TemplateSyntaxError, e: if not hasattr(e, 'source'): e.source = self.source raise except UnicodeDecodeError: return '' if (context.autoescape and not isinstance(output, SafeData)) or isinstance(output, EscapeData): return escape(output) else: return output
Python
from django.http import HttpResponse from django.template import loader, Context, RequestContext class ContentNotRenderedError(Exception): pass class SimpleTemplateResponse(HttpResponse): def __init__(self, template, context=None, mimetype=None, status=None, content_type=None): # It would seem obvious to call these next two members 'template' and # 'context', but those names are reserved as part of the test Client API. # To avoid the name collision, we use # tricky-to-debug problems self.template_name = template self.context_data = context # _is_rendered tracks whether the template and context has been baked into # a final response. self._is_rendered = False self._post_render_callbacks = [] # content argument doesn't make sense here because it will be replaced # with rendered template so we always pass empty string in order to # prevent errors and provide shorter signature. super(SimpleTemplateResponse, self).__init__('', mimetype, status, content_type) def __getstate__(self): """Pickling support function. Ensures that the object can't be pickled before it has been rendered, and that the pickled state only includes rendered data, not the data used to construct the response. """ obj_dict = self.__dict__.copy() if not self._is_rendered: raise ContentNotRenderedError('The response content must be rendered before it can be pickled.') del obj_dict['template_name'] del obj_dict['context_data'] del obj_dict['_post_render_callbacks'] return obj_dict def resolve_template(self, template): "Accepts a template object, path-to-template or list of paths" if isinstance(template, (list, tuple)): return loader.select_template(template) elif isinstance(template, basestring): return loader.get_template(template) else: return template def resolve_context(self, context): """Convert context data into a full Context object (assuming it isn't already a Context object). """ if isinstance(context, Context): return context else: return Context(context) @property def rendered_content(self): """Returns the freshly rendered content for the template and context described by the TemplateResponse. This *does not* set the final content of the response. To set the response content, you must either call render(), or set the content explicitly using the value of this property. """ template = self.resolve_template(self.template_name) context = self.resolve_context(self.context_data) content = template.render(context) return content def add_post_render_callback(self, callback): """Add a new post-rendering callback. If the response has already been rendered, invoke the callback immediately. """ if self._is_rendered: callback(self) else: self._post_render_callbacks.append(callback) def render(self): """Render (thereby finalizing) the content of the response. If the content has already been rendered, this is a no-op. Returns the baked response instance. """ retval = self if not self._is_rendered: self._set_content(self.rendered_content) for post_callback in self._post_render_callbacks: newretval = post_callback(retval) if newretval is not None: retval = newretval return retval is_rendered = property(lambda self: self._is_rendered) def __iter__(self): if not self._is_rendered: raise ContentNotRenderedError('The response content must be rendered before it can be iterated over.') return super(SimpleTemplateResponse, self).__iter__() def _get_content(self): if not self._is_rendered: raise ContentNotRenderedError('The response content must be rendered before it can be accessed.') return super(SimpleTemplateResponse, self)._get_content() def _set_content(self, value): "Sets the content for the response" super(SimpleTemplateResponse, self)._set_content(value) self._is_rendered = True content = property(_get_content, _set_content) class TemplateResponse(SimpleTemplateResponse): def __init__(self, request, template, context=None, mimetype=None, status=None, content_type=None, current_app=None): # self.request gets over-written by django.test.client.Client - and # unlike context_data and template_name the _request should not # be considered part of the public API. self._request = request # As a convenience we'll allow callers to provide current_app without # having to avoid needing to create the RequestContext directly self._current_app = current_app super(TemplateResponse, self).__init__( template, context, mimetype, status, content_type) def __getstate__(self): """Pickling support function. Ensures that the object can't be pickled before it has been rendered, and that the pickled state only includes rendered data, not the data used to construct the response. """ obj_dict = super(TemplateResponse, self).__getstate__() del obj_dict['_request'] del obj_dict['_current_app'] return obj_dict def resolve_context(self, context): """Convert context data into a full RequestContext object (assuming it isn't already a Context object). """ if isinstance(context, Context): return context else: return RequestContext(self._request, context, current_app=self._current_app)
Python
import imp import re from inspect import getargspec from django.conf import settings from django.template.context import Context, RequestContext, ContextPopException from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.utils.itercompat import is_iterable from django.utils.functional import curry, Promise from django.utils.text import smart_split, unescape_string_literal, get_text_list from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, force_unicode, smart_str from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, EscapeData, mark_safe, mark_for_escaping from django.utils.formats import localize from django.utils.html import escape from django.utils.module_loading import module_has_submodule TOKEN_TEXT = 0 TOKEN_VAR = 1 TOKEN_BLOCK = 2 TOKEN_COMMENT = 3 # template syntax constants FILTER_SEPARATOR = '|' FILTER_ARGUMENT_SEPARATOR = ':' VARIABLE_ATTRIBUTE_SEPARATOR = '.' BLOCK_TAG_START = '{%' BLOCK_TAG_END = '%}' VARIABLE_TAG_START = '{{' VARIABLE_TAG_END = '}}' COMMENT_TAG_START = '{#' COMMENT_TAG_END = '#}' TRANSLATOR_COMMENT_MARK = 'Translators' SINGLE_BRACE_START = '{' SINGLE_BRACE_END = '}' ALLOWED_VARIABLE_CHARS = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_.' # what to report as the origin for templates that come from non-loader sources # (e.g. strings) UNKNOWN_SOURCE = '<unknown source>' # match a variable or block tag and capture the entire tag, including start/end delimiters tag_re = re.compile('(%s.*?%s|%s.*?%s|%s.*?%s)' % (re.escape(BLOCK_TAG_START), re.escape(BLOCK_TAG_END), re.escape(VARIABLE_TAG_START), re.escape(VARIABLE_TAG_END), re.escape(COMMENT_TAG_START), re.escape(COMMENT_TAG_END))) # global dictionary of libraries that have been loaded using get_library libraries = {} # global list of libraries to load by default for a new parser builtins = [] # True if TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID contains a format string (%s). None means # uninitialised. invalid_var_format_string = None class TemplateSyntaxError(Exception): pass class TemplateDoesNotExist(Exception): pass class TemplateEncodingError(Exception): pass class VariableDoesNotExist(Exception): def __init__(self, msg, params=()): self.msg = msg self.params = params def __str__(self): return unicode(self).encode('utf-8') def __unicode__(self): return self.msg % tuple([force_unicode(p, errors='replace') for p in self.params]) class InvalidTemplateLibrary(Exception): pass class Origin(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def reload(self): raise NotImplementedError def __str__(self): return self.name class StringOrigin(Origin): def __init__(self, source): super(StringOrigin, self).__init__(UNKNOWN_SOURCE) self.source = source def reload(self): return self.source class Template(object): def __init__(self, template_string, origin=None, name='<Unknown Template>'): try: template_string = smart_unicode(template_string) except UnicodeDecodeError: raise TemplateEncodingError("Templates can only be constructed from unicode or UTF-8 strings.") if settings.TEMPLATE_DEBUG and origin is None: origin = StringOrigin(template_string) self.nodelist = compile_string(template_string, origin) self.name = name def __iter__(self): for node in self.nodelist: for subnode in node: yield subnode def _render(self, context): return self.nodelist.render(context) def render(self, context): "Display stage -- can be called many times" context.render_context.push() try: return self._render(context) finally: context.render_context.pop() def compile_string(template_string, origin): "Compiles template_string into NodeList ready for rendering" if settings.TEMPLATE_DEBUG: from debug import DebugLexer, DebugParser lexer_class, parser_class = DebugLexer, DebugParser else: lexer_class, parser_class = Lexer, Parser lexer = lexer_class(template_string, origin) parser = parser_class(lexer.tokenize()) return parser.parse() class Token(object): def __init__(self, token_type, contents): # token_type must be TOKEN_TEXT, TOKEN_VAR, TOKEN_BLOCK or TOKEN_COMMENT. self.token_type, self.contents = token_type, contents self.lineno = None def __str__(self): return '<%s token: "%s...">' % \ ({TOKEN_TEXT: 'Text', TOKEN_VAR: 'Var', TOKEN_BLOCK: 'Block', TOKEN_COMMENT: 'Comment'}[self.token_type], self.contents[:20].replace('\n', '')) def split_contents(self): split = [] bits = iter(smart_split(self.contents)) for bit in bits: # Handle translation-marked template pieces if bit.startswith('_("') or bit.startswith("_('"): sentinal = bit[2] + ')' trans_bit = [bit] while not bit.endswith(sentinal): bit = bits.next() trans_bit.append(bit) bit = ' '.join(trans_bit) split.append(bit) return split class Lexer(object): def __init__(self, template_string, origin): self.template_string = template_string self.origin = origin self.lineno = 1 def tokenize(self): "Return a list of tokens from a given template_string." in_tag = False result = [] for bit in tag_re.split(self.template_string): if bit: result.append(self.create_token(bit, in_tag)) in_tag = not in_tag return result def create_token(self, token_string, in_tag): """ Convert the given token string into a new Token object and return it. If in_tag is True, we are processing something that matched a tag, otherwise it should be treated as a literal string. """ if in_tag: if token_string.startswith(VARIABLE_TAG_START): token = Token(TOKEN_VAR, token_string[len(VARIABLE_TAG_START):-len(VARIABLE_TAG_END)].strip()) elif token_string.startswith(BLOCK_TAG_START): token = Token(TOKEN_BLOCK, token_string[len(BLOCK_TAG_START):-len(BLOCK_TAG_END)].strip()) elif token_string.startswith(COMMENT_TAG_START): content = '' if token_string.find(TRANSLATOR_COMMENT_MARK): content = token_string[len(COMMENT_TAG_START):-len(COMMENT_TAG_END)].strip() token = Token(TOKEN_COMMENT, content) else: token = Token(TOKEN_TEXT, token_string) token.lineno = self.lineno self.lineno += token_string.count('\n') return token class Parser(object): def __init__(self, tokens): self.tokens = tokens self.tags = {} self.filters = {} for lib in builtins: self.add_library(lib) def parse(self, parse_until=None): if parse_until is None: parse_until = [] nodelist = self.create_nodelist() while self.tokens: token = self.next_token() if token.token_type == TOKEN_TEXT: self.extend_nodelist(nodelist, TextNode(token.contents), token) elif token.token_type == TOKEN_VAR: if not token.contents: self.empty_variable(token) filter_expression = self.compile_filter(token.contents) var_node = self.create_variable_node(filter_expression) self.extend_nodelist(nodelist, var_node,token) elif token.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK: if token.contents in parse_until: # put token back on token list so calling code knows why it terminated self.prepend_token(token) return nodelist try: command = token.contents.split()[0] except IndexError: self.empty_block_tag(token) # execute callback function for this tag and append resulting node self.enter_command(command, token) try: compile_func = self.tags[command] except KeyError: self.invalid_block_tag(token, command, parse_until) try: compiled_result = compile_func(self, token) except TemplateSyntaxError, e: if not self.compile_function_error(token, e): raise self.extend_nodelist(nodelist, compiled_result, token) self.exit_command() if parse_until: self.unclosed_block_tag(parse_until) return nodelist def skip_past(self, endtag): while self.tokens: token = self.next_token() if token.token_type == TOKEN_BLOCK and token.contents == endtag: return self.unclosed_block_tag([endtag]) def create_variable_node(self, filter_expression): return VariableNode(filter_expression) def create_nodelist(self): return NodeList() def extend_nodelist(self, nodelist, node, token): if node.must_be_first and nodelist: try: if nodelist.contains_nontext: raise AttributeError except AttributeError: raise TemplateSyntaxError("%r must be the first tag in the template." % node) if isinstance(nodelist, NodeList) and not isinstance(node, TextNode): nodelist.contains_nontext = True nodelist.append(node) def enter_command(self, command, token): pass def exit_command(self): pass def error(self, token, msg): return TemplateSyntaxError(msg) def empty_variable(self, token): raise self.error(token, "Empty variable tag") def empty_block_tag(self, token): raise self.error(token, "Empty block tag") def invalid_block_tag(self, token, command, parse_until=None): if parse_until: raise self.error(token, "Invalid block tag: '%s', expected %s" % (command, get_text_list(["'%s'" % p for p in parse_until]))) raise self.error(token, "Invalid block tag: '%s'" % command) def unclosed_block_tag(self, parse_until): raise self.error(None, "Unclosed tags: %s " % ', '.join(parse_until)) def compile_function_error(self, token, e): pass def next_token(self): return self.tokens.pop(0) def prepend_token(self, token): self.tokens.insert(0, token) def delete_first_token(self): del self.tokens[0] def add_library(self, lib): self.tags.update(lib.tags) self.filters.update(lib.filters) def compile_filter(self, token): "Convenient wrapper for FilterExpression" return FilterExpression(token, self) def find_filter(self, filter_name): if filter_name in self.filters: return self.filters[filter_name] else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Invalid filter: '%s'" % filter_name) class TokenParser(object): """ Subclass this and implement the top() method to parse a template line. When instantiating the parser, pass in the line from the Django template parser. The parser's "tagname" instance-variable stores the name of the tag that the filter was called with. """ def __init__(self, subject): self.subject = subject self.pointer = 0 self.backout = [] self.tagname = self.tag() def top(self): "Overload this method to do the actual parsing and return the result." raise NotImplementedError() def more(self): "Returns True if there is more stuff in the tag." return self.pointer < len(self.subject) def back(self): "Undoes the last microparser. Use this for lookahead and backtracking." if not len(self.backout): raise TemplateSyntaxError("back called without some previous parsing") self.pointer = self.backout.pop() def tag(self): "A microparser that just returns the next tag from the line." subject = self.subject i = self.pointer if i >= len(subject): raise TemplateSyntaxError("expected another tag, found end of string: %s" % subject) p = i while i < len(subject) and subject[i] not in (' ', '\t'): i += 1 s = subject[p:i] while i < len(subject) and subject[i] in (' ', '\t'): i += 1 self.backout.append(self.pointer) self.pointer = i return s def value(self): "A microparser that parses for a value: some string constant or variable name." subject = self.subject i = self.pointer def next_space_index(subject, i): "Increment pointer until a real space (i.e. a space not within quotes) is encountered" while i < len(subject) and subject[i] not in (' ', '\t'): if subject[i] in ('"', "'"): c = subject[i] i += 1 while i < len(subject) and subject[i] != c: i += 1 if i >= len(subject): raise TemplateSyntaxError("Searching for value. Unexpected end of string in column %d: %s" % (i, subject)) i += 1 return i if i >= len(subject): raise TemplateSyntaxError("Searching for value. Expected another value but found end of string: %s" % subject) if subject[i] in ('"', "'"): p = i i += 1 while i < len(subject) and subject[i] != subject[p]: i += 1 if i >= len(subject): raise TemplateSyntaxError("Searching for value. Unexpected end of string in column %d: %s" % (i, subject)) i += 1 # Continue parsing until next "real" space, so that filters are also included i = next_space_index(subject, i) res = subject[p:i] while i < len(subject) and subject[i] in (' ', '\t'): i += 1 self.backout.append(self.pointer) self.pointer = i return res else: p = i i = next_space_index(subject, i) s = subject[p:i] while i < len(subject) and subject[i] in (' ', '\t'): i += 1 self.backout.append(self.pointer) self.pointer = i return s # This only matches constant *strings* (things in quotes or marked for # translation). Numbers are treated as variables for implementation reasons # (so that they retain their type when passed to filters). constant_string = r""" (?:%(i18n_open)s%(strdq)s%(i18n_close)s| %(i18n_open)s%(strsq)s%(i18n_close)s| %(strdq)s| %(strsq)s) """ % { 'strdq': r'"[^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*"', # double-quoted string 'strsq': r"'[^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*'", # single-quoted string 'i18n_open' : re.escape("_("), 'i18n_close' : re.escape(")"), } constant_string = constant_string.replace("\n", "") filter_raw_string = r""" ^(?P<constant>%(constant)s)| ^(?P<var>[%(var_chars)s]+|%(num)s)| (?:%(filter_sep)s (?P<filter_name>\w+) (?:%(arg_sep)s (?: (?P<constant_arg>%(constant)s)| (?P<var_arg>[%(var_chars)s]+|%(num)s) ) )? )""" % { 'constant': constant_string, 'num': r'[-+\.]?\d[\d\.e]*', 'var_chars': "\w\." , 'filter_sep': re.escape(FILTER_SEPARATOR), 'arg_sep': re.escape(FILTER_ARGUMENT_SEPARATOR), } filter_re = re.compile(filter_raw_string, re.UNICODE|re.VERBOSE) class FilterExpression(object): r""" Parses a variable token and its optional filters (all as a single string), and return a list of tuples of the filter name and arguments. Sample: >>> token = 'variable|default:"Default value"|date:"Y-m-d"' >>> p = Parser('') >>> fe = FilterExpression(token, p) >>> len(fe.filters) 2 >>> fe.var <Variable: 'variable'> This class should never be instantiated outside of the get_filters_from_token helper function. """ def __init__(self, token, parser): self.token = token matches = filter_re.finditer(token) var_obj = None filters = [] upto = 0 for match in matches: start = match.start() if upto != start: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Could not parse some characters: %s|%s|%s" % \ (token[:upto], token[upto:start], token[start:])) if var_obj is None: var, constant = match.group("var", "constant") if constant: try: var_obj = Variable(constant).resolve({}) except VariableDoesNotExist: var_obj = None elif var is None: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Could not find variable at start of %s." % token) else: var_obj = Variable(var) else: filter_name = match.group("filter_name") args = [] constant_arg, var_arg = match.group("constant_arg", "var_arg") if constant_arg: args.append((False, Variable(constant_arg).resolve({}))) elif var_arg: args.append((True, Variable(var_arg))) filter_func = parser.find_filter(filter_name) self.args_check(filter_name, filter_func, args) filters.append((filter_func, args)) upto = match.end() if upto != len(token): raise TemplateSyntaxError("Could not parse the remainder: '%s' from '%s'" % (token[upto:], token)) self.filters = filters self.var = var_obj def resolve(self, context, ignore_failures=False): if isinstance(self.var, Variable): try: obj = self.var.resolve(context) except VariableDoesNotExist: if ignore_failures: obj = None else: if settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID: global invalid_var_format_string if invalid_var_format_string is None: invalid_var_format_string = '%s' in settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID if invalid_var_format_string: return settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID % self.var return settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID else: obj = settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID else: obj = self.var for func, args in self.filters: arg_vals = [] for lookup, arg in args: if not lookup: arg_vals.append(mark_safe(arg)) else: arg_vals.append(arg.resolve(context)) if getattr(func, 'needs_autoescape', False): new_obj = func(obj, autoescape=context.autoescape, *arg_vals) else: new_obj = func(obj, *arg_vals) if getattr(func, 'is_safe', False) and isinstance(obj, SafeData): obj = mark_safe(new_obj) elif isinstance(obj, EscapeData): obj = mark_for_escaping(new_obj) else: obj = new_obj return obj def args_check(name, func, provided): provided = list(provided) plen = len(provided) # Check to see if a decorator is providing the real function. func = getattr(func, '_decorated_function', func) args, varargs, varkw, defaults = getargspec(func) # First argument is filter input. args.pop(0) if defaults: nondefs = args[:-len(defaults)] else: nondefs = args # Args without defaults must be provided. try: for arg in nondefs: provided.pop(0) except IndexError: # Not enough raise TemplateSyntaxError("%s requires %d arguments, %d provided" % (name, len(nondefs), plen)) # Defaults can be overridden. defaults = defaults and list(defaults) or [] try: for parg in provided: defaults.pop(0) except IndexError: # Too many. raise TemplateSyntaxError("%s requires %d arguments, %d provided" % (name, len(nondefs), plen)) return True args_check = staticmethod(args_check) def __str__(self): return self.token def resolve_variable(path, context): """ Returns the resolved variable, which may contain attribute syntax, within the given context. Deprecated; use the Variable class instead. """ return Variable(path).resolve(context) class Variable(object): r""" A template variable, resolvable against a given context. The variable may be a hard-coded string (if it begins and ends with single or double quote marks):: >>> c = {'article': {'section':u'News'}} >>> Variable('article.section').resolve(c) u'News' >>> Variable('article').resolve(c) {'section': u'News'} >>> class AClass: pass >>> c = AClass() >>> c.article = AClass() >>> c.article.section = u'News' (The example assumes VARIABLE_ATTRIBUTE_SEPARATOR is '.') """ def __init__(self, var): self.var = var self.literal = None self.lookups = None self.translate = False try: # First try to treat this variable as a number. # # Note that this could cause an OverflowError here that we're not # catching. Since this should only happen at compile time, that's # probably OK. self.literal = float(var) # So it's a float... is it an int? If the original value contained a # dot or an "e" then it was a float, not an int. if '.' not in var and 'e' not in var.lower(): self.literal = int(self.literal) # "2." is invalid if var.endswith('.'): raise ValueError except ValueError: # A ValueError means that the variable isn't a number. if var.startswith('_(') and var.endswith(')'): # The result of the lookup should be translated at rendering # time. self.translate = True var = var[2:-1] # If it's wrapped with quotes (single or double), then # we're also dealing with a literal. try: self.literal = mark_safe(unescape_string_literal(var)) except ValueError: # Otherwise we'll set self.lookups so that resolve() knows we're # dealing with a bonafide variable if var.find(VARIABLE_ATTRIBUTE_SEPARATOR + '_') > -1 or var[0] == '_': raise TemplateSyntaxError("Variables and attributes may not begin with underscores: '%s'" % var) self.lookups = tuple(var.split(VARIABLE_ATTRIBUTE_SEPARATOR)) def resolve(self, context): """Resolve this variable against a given context.""" if self.lookups is not None: # We're dealing with a variable that needs to be resolved value = self._resolve_lookup(context) else: # We're dealing with a literal, so it's already been "resolved" value = self.literal if self.translate: return ugettext_lazy(value) return value def __repr__(self): return "<%s: %r>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.var) def __str__(self): return self.var def _resolve_lookup(self, context): """ Performs resolution of a real variable (i.e. not a literal) against the given context. As indicated by the method's name, this method is an implementation detail and shouldn't be called by external code. Use Variable.resolve() instead. """ current = context try: # catch-all for silent variable failures for bit in self.lookups: try: # dictionary lookup current = current[bit] except (TypeError, AttributeError, KeyError): try: # attribute lookup current = getattr(current, bit) except (TypeError, AttributeError): try: # list-index lookup current = current[int(bit)] except (IndexError, # list index out of range ValueError, # invalid literal for int() KeyError, # current is a dict without `int(bit)` key TypeError, # unsubscriptable object ): raise VariableDoesNotExist("Failed lookup for key [%s] in %r", (bit, current)) # missing attribute if callable(current): if getattr(current, 'alters_data', False): current = settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID else: try: # method call (assuming no args required) current = current() except TypeError: # arguments *were* required # GOTCHA: This will also catch any TypeError # raised in the function itself. current = settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID # invalid method call except Exception, e: if getattr(e, 'silent_variable_failure', False): current = settings.TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID else: raise return current class Node(object): # Set this to True for nodes that must be first in the template (although # they can be preceded by text nodes. must_be_first = False child_nodelists = ('nodelist',) def render(self, context): "Return the node rendered as a string" pass def __iter__(self): yield self def get_nodes_by_type(self, nodetype): "Return a list of all nodes (within this node and its nodelist) of the given type" nodes = [] if isinstance(self, nodetype): nodes.append(self) for attr in self.child_nodelists: nodelist = getattr(self, attr, None) if nodelist: nodes.extend(nodelist.get_nodes_by_type(nodetype)) return nodes class NodeList(list): # Set to True the first time a non-TextNode is inserted by # extend_nodelist(). contains_nontext = False def render(self, context): bits = [] for node in self: if isinstance(node, Node): bits.append(self.render_node(node, context)) else: bits.append(node) return mark_safe(''.join([force_unicode(b) for b in bits])) def get_nodes_by_type(self, nodetype): "Return a list of all nodes of the given type" nodes = [] for node in self: nodes.extend(node.get_nodes_by_type(nodetype)) return nodes def render_node(self, node, context): return node.render(context) class TextNode(Node): def __init__(self, s): self.s = s def __repr__(self): return "<Text Node: '%s'>" % smart_str(self.s[:25], 'ascii', errors='replace') def render(self, context): return self.s def _render_value_in_context(value, context): """ Converts any value to a string to become part of a rendered template. This means escaping, if required, and conversion to a unicode object. If value is a string, it is expected to have already been translated. """ value = localize(value, use_l10n=context.use_l10n) value = force_unicode(value) if (context.autoescape and not isinstance(value, SafeData)) or isinstance(value, EscapeData): return escape(value) else: return value class VariableNode(Node): def __init__(self, filter_expression): self.filter_expression = filter_expression def __repr__(self): return "<Variable Node: %s>" % self.filter_expression def render(self, context): try: output = self.filter_expression.resolve(context) except UnicodeDecodeError: # Unicode conversion can fail sometimes for reasons out of our # control (e.g. exception rendering). In that case, we fail quietly. return '' return _render_value_in_context(output, context) def generic_tag_compiler(params, defaults, name, node_class, parser, token): "Returns a template.Node subclass." bits = token.split_contents()[1:] bmax = len(params) def_len = defaults and len(defaults) or 0 bmin = bmax - def_len if(len(bits) < bmin or len(bits) > bmax): if bmin == bmax: message = "%s takes %s arguments" % (name, bmin) else: message = "%s takes between %s and %s arguments" % (name, bmin, bmax) raise TemplateSyntaxError(message) return node_class(bits) class Library(object): def __init__(self): self.filters = {} self.tags = {} def tag(self, name=None, compile_function=None): if name == None and compile_function == None: # @register.tag() return self.tag_function elif name != None and compile_function == None: if(callable(name)): # @register.tag return self.tag_function(name) else: # @register.tag('somename') or @register.tag(name='somename') def dec(func): return self.tag(name, func) return dec elif name != None and compile_function != None: # register.tag('somename', somefunc) self.tags[name] = compile_function return compile_function else: raise InvalidTemplateLibrary("Unsupported arguments to Library.tag: (%r, %r)", (name, compile_function)) def tag_function(self,func): self.tags[getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__] = func return func def filter(self, name=None, filter_func=None): if name == None and filter_func == None: # @register.filter() return self.filter_function elif filter_func == None: if(callable(name)): # @register.filter return self.filter_function(name) else: # @register.filter('somename') or @register.filter(name='somename') def dec(func): return self.filter(name, func) return dec elif name != None and filter_func != None: # register.filter('somename', somefunc) self.filters[name] = filter_func return filter_func else: raise InvalidTemplateLibrary("Unsupported arguments to Library.filter: (%r, %r)", (name, filter_func)) def filter_function(self, func): self.filters[getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__] = func return func def simple_tag(self, func=None, takes_context=None): def dec(func): params, xx, xxx, defaults = getargspec(func) if takes_context: if params[0] == 'context': params = params[1:] else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Any tag function decorated with takes_context=True must have a first argument of 'context'") class SimpleNode(Node): def __init__(self, vars_to_resolve): self.vars_to_resolve = map(Variable, vars_to_resolve) def render(self, context): resolved_vars = [var.resolve(context) for var in self.vars_to_resolve] if takes_context: func_args = [context] + resolved_vars else: func_args = resolved_vars return func(*func_args) compile_func = curry(generic_tag_compiler, params, defaults, getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__, SimpleNode) compile_func.__doc__ = func.__doc__ self.tag(getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__, compile_func) return func if func is None: # @register.simple_tag(...) return dec elif callable(func): # @register.simple_tag return dec(func) else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Invalid arguments provided to simple_tag") def inclusion_tag(self, file_name, context_class=Context, takes_context=False): def dec(func): params, xx, xxx, defaults = getargspec(func) if takes_context: if params[0] == 'context': params = params[1:] else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Any tag function decorated with takes_context=True must have a first argument of 'context'") class InclusionNode(Node): def __init__(self, vars_to_resolve): self.vars_to_resolve = map(Variable, vars_to_resolve) def render(self, context): resolved_vars = [var.resolve(context) for var in self.vars_to_resolve] if takes_context: args = [context] + resolved_vars else: args = resolved_vars dict = func(*args) if not getattr(self, 'nodelist', False): from django.template.loader import get_template, select_template if not isinstance(file_name, basestring) and is_iterable(file_name): t = select_template(file_name) else: t = get_template(file_name) self.nodelist = t.nodelist new_context = context_class(dict, autoescape=context.autoescape) # Copy across the CSRF token, if present, because inclusion # tags are often used for forms, and we need instructions # for using CSRF protection to be as simple as possible. csrf_token = context.get('csrf_token', None) if csrf_token is not None: new_context['csrf_token'] = csrf_token return self.nodelist.render(new_context) compile_func = curry(generic_tag_compiler, params, defaults, getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__, InclusionNode) compile_func.__doc__ = func.__doc__ self.tag(getattr(func, "_decorated_function", func).__name__, compile_func) return func return dec def import_library(taglib_module): """Load a template tag library module. Verifies that the library contains a 'register' attribute, and returns that attribute as the representation of the library """ app_path, taglib = taglib_module.rsplit('.',1) app_module = import_module(app_path) try: mod = import_module(taglib_module) except ImportError, e: # If the ImportError is because the taglib submodule does not exist, that's not # an error that should be raised. If the submodule exists and raised an ImportError # on the attempt to load it, that we want to raise. if not module_has_submodule(app_module, taglib): return None else: raise InvalidTemplateLibrary("ImportError raised loading %s: %s" % (taglib_module, e)) try: return mod.register except AttributeError: raise InvalidTemplateLibrary("Template library %s does not have a variable named 'register'" % taglib_module) templatetags_modules = [] def get_templatetags_modules(): """Return the list of all available template tag modules. Caches the result for faster access. """ global templatetags_modules if not templatetags_modules: _templatetags_modules = [] # Populate list once per thread. for app_module in ['django'] + list(settings.INSTALLED_APPS): try: templatetag_module = '%s.templatetags' % app_module import_module(templatetag_module) _templatetags_modules.append(templatetag_module) except ImportError: continue templatetags_modules = _templatetags_modules return templatetags_modules def get_library(library_name): """ Load the template library module with the given name. If library is not already loaded loop over all templatetags modules to locate it. {% load somelib %} and {% load someotherlib %} loops twice. Subsequent loads eg. {% load somelib %} in the same process will grab the cached module from libraries. """ lib = libraries.get(library_name, None) if not lib: templatetags_modules = get_templatetags_modules() tried_modules = [] for module in templatetags_modules: taglib_module = '%s.%s' % (module, library_name) tried_modules.append(taglib_module) lib = import_library(taglib_module) if lib: libraries[library_name] = lib break if not lib: raise InvalidTemplateLibrary("Template library %s not found, tried %s" % (library_name, ','.join(tried_modules))) return lib def add_to_builtins(module): builtins.append(import_library(module)) add_to_builtins('django.template.defaulttags') add_to_builtins('django.template.defaultfilters')
Python
""" This is the Django template system. How it works: The Lexer.tokenize() function converts a template string (i.e., a string containing markup with custom template tags) to tokens, which can be either plain text (TOKEN_TEXT), variables (TOKEN_VAR) or block statements (TOKEN_BLOCK). The Parser() class takes a list of tokens in its constructor, and its parse() method returns a compiled template -- which is, under the hood, a list of Node objects. Each Node is responsible for creating some sort of output -- e.g. simple text (TextNode), variable values in a given context (VariableNode), results of basic logic (IfNode), results of looping (ForNode), or anything else. The core Node types are TextNode, VariableNode, IfNode and ForNode, but plugin modules can define their own custom node types. Each Node has a render() method, which takes a Context and returns a string of the rendered node. For example, the render() method of a Variable Node returns the variable's value as a string. The render() method of an IfNode returns the rendered output of whatever was inside the loop, recursively. The Template class is a convenient wrapper that takes care of template compilation and rendering. Usage: The only thing you should ever use directly in this file is the Template class. Create a compiled template object with a template_string, then call render() with a context. In the compilation stage, the TemplateSyntaxError exception will be raised if the template doesn't have proper syntax. Sample code: >>> from django import template >>> s = u'<html>{% if test %}<h1>{{ varvalue }}</h1>{% endif %}</html>' >>> t = template.Template(s) (t is now a compiled template, and its render() method can be called multiple times with multiple contexts) >>> c = template.Context({'test':True, 'varvalue': 'Hello'}) >>> t.render(c) u'<html><h1>Hello</h1></html>' >>> c = template.Context({'test':False, 'varvalue': 'Hello'}) >>> t.render(c) u'<html></html>' """ # Template lexing symbols from django.template.base import (ALLOWED_VARIABLE_CHARS, BLOCK_TAG_END, BLOCK_TAG_START, COMMENT_TAG_END, COMMENT_TAG_START, FILTER_ARGUMENT_SEPARATOR, FILTER_SEPARATOR, SINGLE_BRACE_END, SINGLE_BRACE_START, TOKEN_BLOCK, TOKEN_COMMENT, TOKEN_TEXT, TOKEN_VAR, TRANSLATOR_COMMENT_MARK, UNKNOWN_SOURCE, VARIABLE_ATTRIBUTE_SEPARATOR, VARIABLE_TAG_END, VARIABLE_TAG_START, filter_re, tag_re) # Exceptions from django.template.base import (ContextPopException, InvalidTemplateLibrary, TemplateDoesNotExist, TemplateEncodingError, TemplateSyntaxError, VariableDoesNotExist) # Template parts from django.template.base import (Context, FilterExpression, Lexer, Node, NodeList, Parser, RequestContext, Origin, StringOrigin, Template, TextNode, Token, TokenParser, Variable, VariableNode, constant_string, filter_raw_string) # Compiling templates from django.template.base import (compile_string, resolve_variable, unescape_string_literal, generic_tag_compiler) # Library management from django.template.base import (Library, add_to_builtins, builtins, get_library, get_templatetags_modules, get_text_list, import_library, libraries) __all__ = ('Template', 'Context', 'RequestContext', 'compile_string')
Python
from copy import copy from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.http import HttpRequest # Cache of actual callables. _standard_context_processors = None # We need the CSRF processor no matter what the user has in their settings, # because otherwise it is a security vulnerability, and we can't afford to leave # this to human error or failure to read migration instructions. _builtin_context_processors = ('django.core.context_processors.csrf',) class ContextPopException(Exception): "pop() has been called more times than push()" pass class BaseContext(object): def __init__(self, dict_=None): self._reset_dicts(dict_) def _reset_dicts(self, value=None): self.dicts = [value or {}] def __copy__(self): duplicate = copy(super(BaseContext, self)) duplicate.dicts = self.dicts[:] return duplicate def __repr__(self): return repr(self.dicts) def __iter__(self): for d in reversed(self.dicts): yield d def push(self): d = {} self.dicts.append(d) return d def pop(self): if len(self.dicts) == 1: raise ContextPopException return self.dicts.pop() def __setitem__(self, key, value): "Set a variable in the current context" self.dicts[-1][key] = value def __getitem__(self, key): "Get a variable's value, starting at the current context and going upward" for d in reversed(self.dicts): if key in d: return d[key] raise KeyError(key) def __delitem__(self, key): "Delete a variable from the current context" del self.dicts[-1][key] def has_key(self, key): for d in self.dicts: if key in d: return True return False def __contains__(self, key): return self.has_key(key) def get(self, key, otherwise=None): for d in reversed(self.dicts): if key in d: return d[key] return otherwise def new(self, values=None): """ Returns a new context with the same properties, but with only the values given in 'values' stored. """ new_context = copy(self) new_context._reset_dicts(values) return new_context class Context(BaseContext): "A stack container for variable context" def __init__(self, dict_=None, autoescape=True, current_app=None, use_l10n=None): self.autoescape = autoescape self.use_l10n = use_l10n self.current_app = current_app self.render_context = RenderContext() super(Context, self).__init__(dict_) def __copy__(self): duplicate = super(Context, self).__copy__() duplicate.render_context = copy(self.render_context) return duplicate def update(self, other_dict): "Pushes other_dict to the stack of dictionaries in the Context" if not hasattr(other_dict, '__getitem__'): raise TypeError('other_dict must be a mapping (dictionary-like) object.') self.dicts.append(other_dict) return other_dict class RenderContext(BaseContext): """ A stack container for storing Template state. RenderContext simplifies the implementation of template Nodes by providing a safe place to store state between invocations of a node's `render` method. The RenderContext also provides scoping rules that are more sensible for 'template local' variables. The render context stack is pushed before each template is rendered, creating a fresh scope with nothing in it. Name resolution fails if a variable is not found at the top of the RequestContext stack. Thus, variables are local to a specific template and don't affect the rendering of other templates as they would if they were stored in the normal template context. """ def __iter__(self): for d in self.dicts[-1]: yield d def has_key(self, key): return key in self.dicts[-1] def get(self, key, otherwise=None): d = self.dicts[-1] if key in d: return d[key] return otherwise # This is a function rather than module-level procedural code because we only # want it to execute if somebody uses RequestContext. def get_standard_processors(): from django.conf import settings global _standard_context_processors if _standard_context_processors is None: processors = [] collect = [] collect.extend(_builtin_context_processors) collect.extend(settings.TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS) for path in collect: i = path.rfind('.') module, attr = path[:i], path[i+1:] try: mod = import_module(module) except ImportError, e: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Error importing request processor module %s: "%s"' % (module, e)) try: func = getattr(mod, attr) except AttributeError: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Module "%s" does not define a "%s" callable request processor' % (module, attr)) processors.append(func) _standard_context_processors = tuple(processors) return _standard_context_processors class RequestContext(Context): """ This subclass of template.Context automatically populates itself using the processors defined in TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS. Additional processors can be specified as a list of callables using the "processors" keyword argument. """ def __init__(self, request, dict=None, processors=None, current_app=None, use_l10n=None): Context.__init__(self, dict, current_app=current_app, use_l10n=use_l10n) if processors is None: processors = () else: processors = tuple(processors) for processor in get_standard_processors() + processors: self.update(processor(request))
Python
"""Default tags used by the template system, available to all templates.""" import sys import re from itertools import groupby, cycle as itertools_cycle from django.template.base import Node, NodeList, Template, Context, Variable from django.template.base import TemplateSyntaxError, VariableDoesNotExist, BLOCK_TAG_START, BLOCK_TAG_END, VARIABLE_TAG_START, VARIABLE_TAG_END, SINGLE_BRACE_START, SINGLE_BRACE_END, COMMENT_TAG_START, COMMENT_TAG_END from django.template.base import get_library, Library, InvalidTemplateLibrary from django.template.smartif import IfParser, Literal from django.conf import settings from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, smart_unicode from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe register = Library() # Regex for token keyword arguments kwarg_re = re.compile(r"(?:(\w+)=)?(.+)") def token_kwargs(bits, parser, support_legacy=False): """ A utility method for parsing token keyword arguments. :param bits: A list containing remainder of the token (split by spaces) that is to be checked for arguments. Valid arguments will be removed from this list. :param support_legacy: If set to true ``True``, the legacy format ``1 as foo`` will be accepted. Otherwise, only the standard ``foo=1`` format is allowed. :returns: A dictionary of the arguments retrieved from the ``bits`` token list. There is no requirement for all remaining token ``bits`` to be keyword arguments, so the dictionary will be returned as soon as an invalid argument format is reached. """ if not bits: return {} match = kwarg_re.match(bits[0]) kwarg_format = match and match.group(1) if not kwarg_format: if not support_legacy: return {} if len(bits) < 3 or bits[1] != 'as': return {} kwargs = {} while bits: if kwarg_format: match = kwarg_re.match(bits[0]) if not match or not match.group(1): return kwargs key, value = match.groups() del bits[:1] else: if len(bits) < 3 or bits[1] != 'as': return kwargs key, value = bits[2], bits[0] del bits[:3] kwargs[key] = parser.compile_filter(value) if bits and not kwarg_format: if bits[0] != 'and': return kwargs del bits[:1] return kwargs class AutoEscapeControlNode(Node): """Implements the actions of the autoescape tag.""" def __init__(self, setting, nodelist): self.setting, self.nodelist = setting, nodelist def render(self, context): old_setting = context.autoescape context.autoescape = self.setting output = self.nodelist.render(context) context.autoescape = old_setting if self.setting: return mark_safe(output) else: return output class CommentNode(Node): def render(self, context): return '' class CsrfTokenNode(Node): def render(self, context): csrf_token = context.get('csrf_token', None) if csrf_token: if csrf_token == 'NOTPROVIDED': return mark_safe(u"") else: return mark_safe(u"<div style='display:none'><input type='hidden' name='csrfmiddlewaretoken' value='%s' /></div>" % csrf_token) else: # It's very probable that the token is missing because of # misconfiguration, so we raise a warning from django.conf import settings if settings.DEBUG: import warnings warnings.warn("A {% csrf_token %} was used in a template, but the context did not provide the value. This is usually caused by not using RequestContext.") return u'' class CycleNode(Node): def __init__(self, cyclevars, variable_name=None, silent=False): self.cyclevars = cyclevars self.variable_name = variable_name self.silent = silent def render(self, context): if self not in context.render_context: # First time the node is rendered in template context.render_context[self] = itertools_cycle(self.cyclevars) cycle_iter = context.render_context[self] value = cycle_iter.next().resolve(context) if self.variable_name: context[self.variable_name] = value if self.silent: return '' return value class DebugNode(Node): def render(self, context): from pprint import pformat output = [pformat(val) for val in context] output.append('\n\n') output.append(pformat(sys.modules)) return ''.join(output) class FilterNode(Node): def __init__(self, filter_expr, nodelist): self.filter_expr, self.nodelist = filter_expr, nodelist def render(self, context): output = self.nodelist.render(context) # Apply filters. context.update({'var': output}) filtered = self.filter_expr.resolve(context) context.pop() return filtered class FirstOfNode(Node): def __init__(self, vars): self.vars = vars def render(self, context): for var in self.vars: value = var.resolve(context, True) if value: return smart_unicode(value) return u'' class ForNode(Node): child_nodelists = ('nodelist_loop', 'nodelist_empty') def __init__(self, loopvars, sequence, is_reversed, nodelist_loop, nodelist_empty=None): self.loopvars, self.sequence = loopvars, sequence self.is_reversed = is_reversed self.nodelist_loop = nodelist_loop if nodelist_empty is None: self.nodelist_empty = NodeList() else: self.nodelist_empty = nodelist_empty def __repr__(self): reversed_text = self.is_reversed and ' reversed' or '' return "<For Node: for %s in %s, tail_len: %d%s>" % \ (', '.join(self.loopvars), self.sequence, len(self.nodelist_loop), reversed_text) def __iter__(self): for node in self.nodelist_loop: yield node for node in self.nodelist_empty: yield node def render(self, context): if 'forloop' in context: parentloop = context['forloop'] else: parentloop = {} context.push() try: values = self.sequence.resolve(context, True) except VariableDoesNotExist: values = [] if values is None: values = [] if not hasattr(values, '__len__'): values = list(values) len_values = len(values) if len_values < 1: context.pop() return self.nodelist_empty.render(context) nodelist = NodeList() if self.is_reversed: values = reversed(values) unpack = len(self.loopvars) > 1 # Create a forloop value in the context. We'll update counters on each # iteration just below. loop_dict = context['forloop'] = {'parentloop': parentloop} for i, item in enumerate(values): # Shortcuts for current loop iteration number. loop_dict['counter0'] = i loop_dict['counter'] = i+1 # Reverse counter iteration numbers. loop_dict['revcounter'] = len_values - i loop_dict['revcounter0'] = len_values - i - 1 # Boolean values designating first and last times through loop. loop_dict['first'] = (i == 0) loop_dict['last'] = (i == len_values - 1) pop_context = False if unpack: # If there are multiple loop variables, unpack the item into # them. try: unpacked_vars = dict(zip(self.loopvars, item)) except TypeError: pass else: pop_context = True context.update(unpacked_vars) else: context[self.loopvars[0]] = item for node in self.nodelist_loop: nodelist.append(node.render(context)) if pop_context: # The loop variables were pushed on to the context so pop them # off again. This is necessary because the tag lets the length # of loopvars differ to the length of each set of items and we # don't want to leave any vars from the previous loop on the # context. context.pop() context.pop() return nodelist.render(context) class IfChangedNode(Node): child_nodelists = ('nodelist_true', 'nodelist_false') def __init__(self, nodelist_true, nodelist_false, *varlist): self.nodelist_true, self.nodelist_false = nodelist_true, nodelist_false self._last_seen = None self._varlist = varlist self._id = str(id(self)) def render(self, context): if 'forloop' in context and self._id not in context['forloop']: self._last_seen = None context['forloop'][self._id] = 1 try: if self._varlist: # Consider multiple parameters. This automatically behaves # like an OR evaluation of the multiple variables. compare_to = [var.resolve(context, True) for var in self._varlist] else: compare_to = self.nodelist_true.render(context) except VariableDoesNotExist: compare_to = None if compare_to != self._last_seen: firstloop = (self._last_seen == None) self._last_seen = compare_to content = self.nodelist_true.render(context) return content elif self.nodelist_false: return self.nodelist_false.render(context) return '' class IfEqualNode(Node): child_nodelists = ('nodelist_true', 'nodelist_false') def __init__(self, var1, var2, nodelist_true, nodelist_false, negate): self.var1, self.var2 = var1, var2 self.nodelist_true, self.nodelist_false = nodelist_true, nodelist_false self.negate = negate def __repr__(self): return "<IfEqualNode>" def render(self, context): val1 = self.var1.resolve(context, True) val2 = self.var2.resolve(context, True) if (self.negate and val1 != val2) or (not self.negate and val1 == val2): return self.nodelist_true.render(context) return self.nodelist_false.render(context) class IfNode(Node): child_nodelists = ('nodelist_true', 'nodelist_false') def __init__(self, var, nodelist_true, nodelist_false=None): self.nodelist_true, self.nodelist_false = nodelist_true, nodelist_false self.var = var def __repr__(self): return "<If node>" def __iter__(self): for node in self.nodelist_true: yield node for node in self.nodelist_false: yield node def render(self, context): try: var = self.var.eval(context) except VariableDoesNotExist: var = None if var: return self.nodelist_true.render(context) else: return self.nodelist_false.render(context) class RegroupNode(Node): def __init__(self, target, expression, var_name): self.target, self.expression = target, expression self.var_name = var_name def render(self, context): obj_list = self.target.resolve(context, True) if obj_list == None: # target variable wasn't found in context; fail silently. context[self.var_name] = [] return '' # List of dictionaries in the format: # {'grouper': 'key', 'list': [list of contents]}. context[self.var_name] = [ {'grouper': key, 'list': list(val)} for key, val in groupby(obj_list, lambda v, f=self.expression.resolve: f(v, True)) ] return '' def include_is_allowed(filepath): for root in settings.ALLOWED_INCLUDE_ROOTS: if filepath.startswith(root): return True return False class SsiNode(Node): def __init__(self, filepath, parsed, legacy_filepath=True): self.filepath = filepath self.parsed = parsed self.legacy_filepath = legacy_filepath def render(self, context): filepath = self.filepath if not self.legacy_filepath: filepath = filepath.resolve(context) if not include_is_allowed(filepath): if settings.DEBUG: return "[Didn't have permission to include file]" else: return '' # Fail silently for invalid includes. try: fp = open(filepath, 'r') output = fp.read() fp.close() except IOError: output = '' if self.parsed: try: t = Template(output, name=filepath) return t.render(context) except TemplateSyntaxError, e: if settings.DEBUG: return "[Included template had syntax error: %s]" % e else: return '' # Fail silently for invalid included templates. return output class LoadNode(Node): def render(self, context): return '' class NowNode(Node): def __init__(self, format_string): self.format_string = format_string def render(self, context): from datetime import datetime from django.utils.dateformat import DateFormat df = DateFormat(datetime.now()) return df.format(self.format_string) class SpacelessNode(Node): def __init__(self, nodelist): self.nodelist = nodelist def render(self, context): from django.utils.html import strip_spaces_between_tags return strip_spaces_between_tags(self.nodelist.render(context).strip()) class TemplateTagNode(Node): mapping = {'openblock': BLOCK_TAG_START, 'closeblock': BLOCK_TAG_END, 'openvariable': VARIABLE_TAG_START, 'closevariable': VARIABLE_TAG_END, 'openbrace': SINGLE_BRACE_START, 'closebrace': SINGLE_BRACE_END, 'opencomment': COMMENT_TAG_START, 'closecomment': COMMENT_TAG_END, } def __init__(self, tagtype): self.tagtype = tagtype def render(self, context): return self.mapping.get(self.tagtype, '') class URLNode(Node): def __init__(self, view_name, args, kwargs, asvar, legacy_view_name=True): self.view_name = view_name self.legacy_view_name = legacy_view_name self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs self.asvar = asvar def render(self, context): from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse, NoReverseMatch args = [arg.resolve(context) for arg in self.args] kwargs = dict([(smart_str(k, 'ascii'), v.resolve(context)) for k, v in self.kwargs.items()]) view_name = self.view_name if not self.legacy_view_name: view_name = view_name.resolve(context) # Try to look up the URL twice: once given the view name, and again # relative to what we guess is the "main" app. If they both fail, # re-raise the NoReverseMatch unless we're using the # {% url ... as var %} construct in which cause return nothing. url = '' try: url = reverse(view_name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=context.current_app) except NoReverseMatch, e: if settings.SETTINGS_MODULE: project_name = settings.SETTINGS_MODULE.split('.')[0] try: url = reverse(project_name + '.' + view_name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, current_app=context.current_app) except NoReverseMatch: if self.asvar is None: # Re-raise the original exception, not the one with # the path relative to the project. This makes a # better error message. raise e else: if self.asvar is None: raise e if self.asvar: context[self.asvar] = url return '' else: return url class WidthRatioNode(Node): def __init__(self, val_expr, max_expr, max_width): self.val_expr = val_expr self.max_expr = max_expr self.max_width = max_width def render(self, context): try: value = self.val_expr.resolve(context) maxvalue = self.max_expr.resolve(context) max_width = int(self.max_width.resolve(context)) except VariableDoesNotExist: return '' except ValueError: raise TemplateSyntaxError("widthratio final argument must be an number") try: value = float(value) maxvalue = float(maxvalue) ratio = (value / maxvalue) * max_width except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError): return '' return str(int(round(ratio))) class WithNode(Node): def __init__(self, var, name, nodelist, extra_context=None): self.nodelist = nodelist # var and name are legacy attributes, being left in case they are used # by third-party subclasses of this Node. self.extra_context = extra_context or {} if name: self.extra_context[name] = var def __repr__(self): return "<WithNode>" def render(self, context): values = dict([(key, val.resolve(context)) for key, val in self.extra_context.iteritems()]) context.update(values) output = self.nodelist.render(context) context.pop() return output #@register.tag def autoescape(parser, token): """ Force autoescape behaviour for this block. """ args = token.contents.split() if len(args) != 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'autoescape' tag requires exactly one argument.") arg = args[1] if arg not in (u'on', u'off'): raise TemplateSyntaxError("'autoescape' argument should be 'on' or 'off'") nodelist = parser.parse(('endautoescape',)) parser.delete_first_token() return AutoEscapeControlNode((arg == 'on'), nodelist) autoescape = register.tag(autoescape) #@register.tag def comment(parser, token): """ Ignores everything between ``{% comment %}`` and ``{% endcomment %}``. """ parser.skip_past('endcomment') return CommentNode() comment = register.tag(comment) #@register.tag def cycle(parser, token): """ Cycles among the given strings each time this tag is encountered. Within a loop, cycles among the given strings each time through the loop:: {% for o in some_list %} <tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' %}"> ... </tr> {% endfor %} Outside of a loop, give the values a unique name the first time you call it, then use that name each sucessive time through:: <tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' 'row3' as rowcolors %}">...</tr> <tr class="{% cycle rowcolors %}">...</tr> <tr class="{% cycle rowcolors %}">...</tr> You can use any number of values, separated by spaces. Commas can also be used to separate values; if a comma is used, the cycle values are interpreted as literal strings. The optional flag "silent" can be used to prevent the cycle declaration from returning any value:: {% cycle 'row1' 'row2' as rowcolors silent %}{# no value here #} {% for o in some_list %} <tr class="{% cycle rowcolors %}">{# first value will be "row1" #} ... </tr> {% endfor %} """ # Note: This returns the exact same node on each {% cycle name %} call; # that is, the node object returned from {% cycle a b c as name %} and the # one returned from {% cycle name %} are the exact same object. This # shouldn't cause problems (heh), but if it does, now you know. # # Ugly hack warning: This stuffs the named template dict into parser so # that names are only unique within each template (as opposed to using # a global variable, which would make cycle names have to be unique across # *all* templates. args = token.split_contents() if len(args) < 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'cycle' tag requires at least two arguments") if ',' in args[1]: # Backwards compatibility: {% cycle a,b %} or {% cycle a,b as foo %} # case. args[1:2] = ['"%s"' % arg for arg in args[1].split(",")] if len(args) == 2: # {% cycle foo %} case. name = args[1] if not hasattr(parser, '_namedCycleNodes'): raise TemplateSyntaxError("No named cycles in template. '%s' is not defined" % name) if not name in parser._namedCycleNodes: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Named cycle '%s' does not exist" % name) return parser._namedCycleNodes[name] as_form = False if len(args) > 4: # {% cycle ... as foo [silent] %} case. if args[-3] == "as": if args[-1] != "silent": raise TemplateSyntaxError("Only 'silent' flag is allowed after cycle's name, not '%s'." % args[-1]) as_form = True silent = True args = args[:-1] elif args[-2] == "as": as_form = True silent = False if as_form: name = args[-1] values = [parser.compile_filter(arg) for arg in args[1:-2]] node = CycleNode(values, name, silent=silent) if not hasattr(parser, '_namedCycleNodes'): parser._namedCycleNodes = {} parser._namedCycleNodes[name] = node else: values = [parser.compile_filter(arg) for arg in args[1:]] node = CycleNode(values) return node cycle = register.tag(cycle) def csrf_token(parser, token): return CsrfTokenNode() register.tag(csrf_token) def debug(parser, token): """ Outputs a whole load of debugging information, including the current context and imported modules. Sample usage:: <pre> {% debug %} </pre> """ return DebugNode() debug = register.tag(debug) #@register.tag(name="filter") def do_filter(parser, token): """ Filters the contents of the block through variable filters. Filters can also be piped through each other, and they can have arguments -- just like in variable syntax. Sample usage:: {% filter force_escape|lower %} This text will be HTML-escaped, and will appear in lowercase. {% endfilter %} """ _, rest = token.contents.split(None, 1) filter_expr = parser.compile_filter("var|%s" % (rest)) for func, unused in filter_expr.filters: if getattr(func, '_decorated_function', func).__name__ in ('escape', 'safe'): raise TemplateSyntaxError('"filter %s" is not permitted. Use the "autoescape" tag instead.' % func.__name__) nodelist = parser.parse(('endfilter',)) parser.delete_first_token() return FilterNode(filter_expr, nodelist) do_filter = register.tag("filter", do_filter) #@register.tag def firstof(parser, token): """ Outputs the first variable passed that is not False, without escaping. Outputs nothing if all the passed variables are False. Sample usage:: {% firstof var1 var2 var3 %} This is equivalent to:: {% if var1 %} {{ var1|safe }} {% else %}{% if var2 %} {{ var2|safe }} {% else %}{% if var3 %} {{ var3|safe }} {% endif %}{% endif %}{% endif %} but obviously much cleaner! You can also use a literal string as a fallback value in case all passed variables are False:: {% firstof var1 var2 var3 "fallback value" %} If you want to escape the output, use a filter tag:: {% filter force_escape %} {% firstof var1 var2 var3 "fallback value" %} {% endfilter %} """ bits = token.split_contents()[1:] if len(bits) < 1: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'firstof' statement requires at least one argument") return FirstOfNode([parser.compile_filter(bit) for bit in bits]) firstof = register.tag(firstof) #@register.tag(name="for") def do_for(parser, token): """ Loops over each item in an array. For example, to display a list of athletes given ``athlete_list``:: <ul> {% for athlete in athlete_list %} <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> You can loop over a list in reverse by using ``{% for obj in list reversed %}``. You can also unpack multiple values from a two-dimensional array:: {% for key,value in dict.items %} {{ key }}: {{ value }} {% endfor %} The ``for`` tag can take an optional ``{% empty %}`` clause that will be displayed if the given array is empty or could not be found:: <ul> {% for athlete in athlete_list %} <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li> {% empty %} <li>Sorry, no athletes in this list.</li> {% endfor %} <ul> The above is equivalent to -- but shorter, cleaner, and possibly faster than -- the following:: <ul> {% if althete_list %} {% for athlete in athlete_list %} <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li> {% endfor %} {% else %} <li>Sorry, no athletes in this list.</li> {% endif %} </ul> The for loop sets a number of variables available within the loop: ========================== ================================================ Variable Description ========================== ================================================ ``forloop.counter`` The current iteration of the loop (1-indexed) ``forloop.counter0`` The current iteration of the loop (0-indexed) ``forloop.revcounter`` The number of iterations from the end of the loop (1-indexed) ``forloop.revcounter0`` The number of iterations from the end of the loop (0-indexed) ``forloop.first`` True if this is the first time through the loop ``forloop.last`` True if this is the last time through the loop ``forloop.parentloop`` For nested loops, this is the loop "above" the current one ========================== ================================================ """ bits = token.contents.split() if len(bits) < 4: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'for' statements should have at least four" " words: %s" % token.contents) is_reversed = bits[-1] == 'reversed' in_index = is_reversed and -3 or -2 if bits[in_index] != 'in': raise TemplateSyntaxError("'for' statements should use the format" " 'for x in y': %s" % token.contents) loopvars = re.split(r' *, *', ' '.join(bits[1:in_index])) for var in loopvars: if not var or ' ' in var: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'for' tag received an invalid argument:" " %s" % token.contents) sequence = parser.compile_filter(bits[in_index+1]) nodelist_loop = parser.parse(('empty', 'endfor',)) token = parser.next_token() if token.contents == 'empty': nodelist_empty = parser.parse(('endfor',)) parser.delete_first_token() else: nodelist_empty = None return ForNode(loopvars, sequence, is_reversed, nodelist_loop, nodelist_empty) do_for = register.tag("for", do_for) def do_ifequal(parser, token, negate): bits = list(token.split_contents()) if len(bits) != 3: raise TemplateSyntaxError("%r takes two arguments" % bits[0]) end_tag = 'end' + bits[0] nodelist_true = parser.parse(('else', end_tag)) token = parser.next_token() if token.contents == 'else': nodelist_false = parser.parse((end_tag,)) parser.delete_first_token() else: nodelist_false = NodeList() val1 = parser.compile_filter(bits[1]) val2 = parser.compile_filter(bits[2]) return IfEqualNode(val1, val2, nodelist_true, nodelist_false, negate) #@register.tag def ifequal(parser, token): """ Outputs the contents of the block if the two arguments equal each other. Examples:: {% ifequal user.id comment.user_id %} ... {% endifequal %} {% ifnotequal user.id comment.user_id %} ... {% else %} ... {% endifnotequal %} """ return do_ifequal(parser, token, False) ifequal = register.tag(ifequal) #@register.tag def ifnotequal(parser, token): """ Outputs the contents of the block if the two arguments are not equal. See ifequal. """ return do_ifequal(parser, token, True) ifnotequal = register.tag(ifnotequal) class TemplateLiteral(Literal): def __init__(self, value, text): self.value = value self.text = text # for better error messages def display(self): return self.text def eval(self, context): return self.value.resolve(context, ignore_failures=True) class TemplateIfParser(IfParser): error_class = TemplateSyntaxError def __init__(self, parser, *args, **kwargs): self.template_parser = parser return super(TemplateIfParser, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def create_var(self, value): return TemplateLiteral(self.template_parser.compile_filter(value), value) #@register.tag(name="if") def do_if(parser, token): """ The ``{% if %}`` tag evaluates a variable, and if that variable is "true" (i.e., exists, is not empty, and is not a false boolean value), the contents of the block are output: :: {% if athlete_list %} Number of athletes: {{ athlete_list|count }} {% else %} No athletes. {% endif %} In the above, if ``athlete_list`` is not empty, the number of athletes will be displayed by the ``{{ athlete_list|count }}`` variable. As you can see, the ``if`` tag can take an option ``{% else %}`` clause that will be displayed if the test fails. ``if`` tags may use ``or``, ``and`` or ``not`` to test a number of variables or to negate a given variable:: {% if not athlete_list %} There are no athletes. {% endif %} {% if athlete_list or coach_list %} There are some athletes or some coaches. {% endif %} {% if athlete_list and coach_list %} Both atheletes and coaches are available. {% endif %} {% if not athlete_list or coach_list %} There are no athletes, or there are some coaches. {% endif %} {% if athlete_list and not coach_list %} There are some athletes and absolutely no coaches. {% endif %} Comparison operators are also available, and the use of filters is also allowed, for example:: {% if articles|length >= 5 %}...{% endif %} Arguments and operators _must_ have a space between them, so ``{% if 1>2 %}`` is not a valid if tag. All supported operators are: ``or``, ``and``, ``in``, ``not in`` ``==`` (or ``=``), ``!=``, ``>``, ``>=``, ``<`` and ``<=``. Operator precedence follows Python. """ bits = token.split_contents()[1:] var = TemplateIfParser(parser, bits).parse() nodelist_true = parser.parse(('else', 'endif')) token = parser.next_token() if token.contents == 'else': nodelist_false = parser.parse(('endif',)) parser.delete_first_token() else: nodelist_false = NodeList() return IfNode(var, nodelist_true, nodelist_false) do_if = register.tag("if", do_if) #@register.tag def ifchanged(parser, token): """ Checks if a value has changed from the last iteration of a loop. The 'ifchanged' block tag is used within a loop. It has two possible uses. 1. Checks its own rendered contents against its previous state and only displays the content if it has changed. For example, this displays a list of days, only displaying the month if it changes:: <h1>Archive for {{ year }}</h1> {% for date in days %} {% ifchanged %}<h3>{{ date|date:"F" }}</h3>{% endifchanged %} <a href="{{ date|date:"M/d"|lower }}/">{{ date|date:"j" }}</a> {% endfor %} 2. If given a variable, check whether that variable has changed. For example, the following shows the date every time it changes, but only shows the hour if both the hour and the date have changed:: {% for date in days %} {% ifchanged date.date %} {{ date.date }} {% endifchanged %} {% ifchanged date.hour date.date %} {{ date.hour }} {% endifchanged %} {% endfor %} """ bits = token.contents.split() nodelist_true = parser.parse(('else', 'endifchanged')) token = parser.next_token() if token.contents == 'else': nodelist_false = parser.parse(('endifchanged',)) parser.delete_first_token() else: nodelist_false = NodeList() values = [parser.compile_filter(bit) for bit in bits[1:]] return IfChangedNode(nodelist_true, nodelist_false, *values) ifchanged = register.tag(ifchanged) #@register.tag def ssi(parser, token): """ Outputs the contents of a given file into the page. Like a simple "include" tag, the ``ssi`` tag includes the contents of another file -- which must be specified using an absolute path -- in the current page:: {% ssi /home/html/ljworld.com/includes/right_generic.html %} If the optional "parsed" parameter is given, the contents of the included file are evaluated as template code, with the current context:: {% ssi /home/html/ljworld.com/includes/right_generic.html parsed %} """ import warnings warnings.warn('The syntax for the ssi template tag is changing. Load the `ssi` tag from the `future` tag library to start using the new behavior.', category=PendingDeprecationWarning) bits = token.contents.split() parsed = False if len(bits) not in (2, 3): raise TemplateSyntaxError("'ssi' tag takes one argument: the path to" " the file to be included") if len(bits) == 3: if bits[2] == 'parsed': parsed = True else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Second (optional) argument to %s tag" " must be 'parsed'" % bits[0]) return SsiNode(bits[1], parsed, legacy_filepath=True) ssi = register.tag(ssi) #@register.tag def load(parser, token): """ Loads a custom template tag set. For example, to load the template tags in ``django/templatetags/news/photos.py``:: {% load news.photos %} Can also be used to load an individual tag/filter from a library:: {% load byline from news %} """ bits = token.contents.split() if len(bits) >= 4 and bits[-2] == "from": try: taglib = bits[-1] lib = get_library(taglib) except InvalidTemplateLibrary, e: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' is not a valid tag library: %s" % (taglib, e)) else: temp_lib = Library() for name in bits[1:-2]: if name in lib.tags: temp_lib.tags[name] = lib.tags[name] # a name could be a tag *and* a filter, so check for both if name in lib.filters: temp_lib.filters[name] = lib.filters[name] elif name in lib.filters: temp_lib.filters[name] = lib.filters[name] else: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' is not a valid tag or filter in tag library '%s'" % (name, taglib)) parser.add_library(temp_lib) else: for taglib in bits[1:]: # add the library to the parser try: lib = get_library(taglib) parser.add_library(lib) except InvalidTemplateLibrary, e: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' is not a valid tag library: %s" % (taglib, e)) return LoadNode() load = register.tag(load) #@register.tag def now(parser, token): """ Displays the date, formatted according to the given string. Uses the same format as PHP's ``date()`` function; see http://php.net/date for all the possible values. Sample usage:: It is {% now "jS F Y H:i" %} """ bits = token.contents.split('"') if len(bits) != 3: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'now' statement takes one argument") format_string = bits[1] return NowNode(format_string) now = register.tag(now) #@register.tag def regroup(parser, token): """ Regroups a list of alike objects by a common attribute. This complex tag is best illustrated by use of an example: say that ``people`` is a list of ``Person`` objects that have ``first_name``, ``last_name``, and ``gender`` attributes, and you'd like to display a list that looks like: * Male: * George Bush * Bill Clinton * Female: * Margaret Thatcher * Colendeeza Rice * Unknown: * Pat Smith The following snippet of template code would accomplish this dubious task:: {% regroup people by gender as grouped %} <ul> {% for group in grouped %} <li>{{ group.grouper }} <ul> {% for item in group.list %} <li>{{ item }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% endfor %} </ul> As you can see, ``{% regroup %}`` populates a variable with a list of objects with ``grouper`` and ``list`` attributes. ``grouper`` contains the item that was grouped by; ``list`` contains the list of objects that share that ``grouper``. In this case, ``grouper`` would be ``Male``, ``Female`` and ``Unknown``, and ``list`` is the list of people with those genders. Note that ``{% regroup %}`` does not work when the list to be grouped is not sorted by the key you are grouping by! This means that if your list of people was not sorted by gender, you'd need to make sure it is sorted before using it, i.e.:: {% regroup people|dictsort:"gender" by gender as grouped %} """ firstbits = token.contents.split(None, 3) if len(firstbits) != 4: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'regroup' tag takes five arguments") target = parser.compile_filter(firstbits[1]) if firstbits[2] != 'by': raise TemplateSyntaxError("second argument to 'regroup' tag must be 'by'") lastbits_reversed = firstbits[3][::-1].split(None, 2) if lastbits_reversed[1][::-1] != 'as': raise TemplateSyntaxError("next-to-last argument to 'regroup' tag must" " be 'as'") expression = parser.compile_filter(lastbits_reversed[2][::-1]) var_name = lastbits_reversed[0][::-1] return RegroupNode(target, expression, var_name) regroup = register.tag(regroup) def spaceless(parser, token): """ Removes whitespace between HTML tags, including tab and newline characters. Example usage:: {% spaceless %} <p> <a href="foo/">Foo</a> </p> {% endspaceless %} This example would return this HTML:: <p><a href="foo/">Foo</a></p> Only space between *tags* is normalized -- not space between tags and text. In this example, the space around ``Hello`` won't be stripped:: {% spaceless %} <strong> Hello </strong> {% endspaceless %} """ nodelist = parser.parse(('endspaceless',)) parser.delete_first_token() return SpacelessNode(nodelist) spaceless = register.tag(spaceless) #@register.tag def templatetag(parser, token): """ Outputs one of the bits used to compose template tags. Since the template system has no concept of "escaping", to display one of the bits used in template tags, you must use the ``{% templatetag %}`` tag. The argument tells which template bit to output: ================== ======= Argument Outputs ================== ======= ``openblock`` ``{%`` ``closeblock`` ``%}`` ``openvariable`` ``{{`` ``closevariable`` ``}}`` ``openbrace`` ``{`` ``closebrace`` ``}`` ``opencomment`` ``{#`` ``closecomment`` ``#}`` ================== ======= """ bits = token.contents.split() if len(bits) != 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'templatetag' statement takes one argument") tag = bits[1] if tag not in TemplateTagNode.mapping: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Invalid templatetag argument: '%s'." " Must be one of: %s" % (tag, TemplateTagNode.mapping.keys())) return TemplateTagNode(tag) templatetag = register.tag(templatetag) def url(parser, token): """ Returns an absolute URL matching given view with its parameters. This is a way to define links that aren't tied to a particular URL configuration:: {% url path.to.some_view arg1 arg2 %} or {% url path.to.some_view name1=value1 name2=value2 %} The first argument is a path to a view. It can be an absolute python path or just ``app_name.view_name`` without the project name if the view is located inside the project. Other arguments are comma-separated values that will be filled in place of positional and keyword arguments in the URL. All arguments for the URL should be present. For example if you have a view ``app_name.client`` taking client's id and the corresponding line in a URLconf looks like this:: ('^client/(\d+)/$', 'app_name.client') and this app's URLconf is included into the project's URLconf under some path:: ('^clients/', include('project_name.app_name.urls')) then in a template you can create a link for a certain client like this:: {% url app_name.client client.id %} The URL will look like ``/clients/client/123/``. """ import warnings warnings.warn('The syntax for the url template tag is changing. Load the `url` tag from the `future` tag library to start using the new behavior.', category=PendingDeprecationWarning) bits = token.split_contents() if len(bits) < 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' takes at least one argument" " (path to a view)" % bits[0]) viewname = bits[1] args = [] kwargs = {} asvar = None bits = bits[2:] if len(bits) >= 2 and bits[-2] == 'as': asvar = bits[-1] bits = bits[:-2] # Backwards compatibility: check for the old comma separated format # {% url urlname arg1,arg2 %} # Initial check - that the first space separated bit has a comma in it if bits and ',' in bits[0]: check_old_format = True # In order to *really* be old format, there must be a comma # in *every* space separated bit, except the last. for bit in bits[1:-1]: if ',' not in bit: # No comma in this bit. Either the comma we found # in bit 1 was a false positive (e.g., comma in a string), # or there is a syntax problem with missing commas check_old_format = False break else: # No comma found - must be new format. check_old_format = False if check_old_format: # Confirm that this is old format by trying to parse the first # argument. An exception will be raised if the comma is # unexpected (i.e. outside of a static string). match = kwarg_re.match(bits[0]) if match: value = match.groups()[1] try: parser.compile_filter(value) except TemplateSyntaxError: bits = ''.join(bits).split(',') # Now all the bits are parsed into new format, # process them as template vars if len(bits): for bit in bits: match = kwarg_re.match(bit) if not match: raise TemplateSyntaxError("Malformed arguments to url tag") name, value = match.groups() if name: kwargs[name] = parser.compile_filter(value) else: args.append(parser.compile_filter(value)) return URLNode(viewname, args, kwargs, asvar, legacy_view_name=True) url = register.tag(url) #@register.tag def widthratio(parser, token): """ For creating bar charts and such, this tag calculates the ratio of a given value to a maximum value, and then applies that ratio to a constant. For example:: <img src='bar.gif' height='10' width='{% widthratio this_value max_value 100 %}' /> Above, if ``this_value`` is 175 and ``max_value`` is 200, the image in the above example will be 88 pixels wide (because 175/200 = .875; .875 * 100 = 87.5 which is rounded up to 88). """ bits = token.contents.split() if len(bits) != 4: raise TemplateSyntaxError("widthratio takes three arguments") tag, this_value_expr, max_value_expr, max_width = bits return WidthRatioNode(parser.compile_filter(this_value_expr), parser.compile_filter(max_value_expr), parser.compile_filter(max_width)) widthratio = register.tag(widthratio) #@register.tag def do_with(parser, token): """ Adds one or more values to the context (inside of this block) for caching and easy access. For example:: {% with total=person.some_sql_method %} {{ total }} object{{ total|pluralize }} {% endwith %} Multiple values can be added to the context:: {% with foo=1 bar=2 %} ... {% endwith %} The legacy format of ``{% with person.some_sql_method as total %}`` is still accepted. """ bits = token.split_contents() remaining_bits = bits[1:] extra_context = token_kwargs(remaining_bits, parser, support_legacy=True) if not extra_context: raise TemplateSyntaxError("%r expected at least one variable " "assignment" % bits[0]) if remaining_bits: raise TemplateSyntaxError("%r received an invalid token: %r" % (bits[0], remaining_bits[0])) nodelist = parser.parse(('endwith',)) parser.delete_first_token() return WithNode(None, None, nodelist, extra_context=extra_context) do_with = register.tag('with', do_with)
Python
# Wrapper for loading templates from storage of some sort (e.g. filesystem, database). # # This uses the TEMPLATE_LOADERS setting, which is a list of loaders to use. # Each loader is expected to have this interface: # # callable(name, dirs=[]) # # name is the template name. # dirs is an optional list of directories to search instead of TEMPLATE_DIRS. # # The loader should return a tuple of (template_source, path). The path returned # might be shown to the user for debugging purposes, so it should identify where # the template was loaded from. # # A loader may return an already-compiled template instead of the actual # template source. In that case the path returned should be None, since the # path information is associated with the template during the compilation, # which has already been done. # # Each loader should have an "is_usable" attribute set. This is a boolean that # specifies whether the loader can be used in this Python installation. Each # loader is responsible for setting this when it's initialized. # # For example, the eggs loader (which is capable of loading templates from # Python eggs) sets is_usable to False if the "pkg_resources" module isn't # installed, because pkg_resources is necessary to read eggs. from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.template.base import Origin, Template, Context, TemplateDoesNotExist, add_to_builtins from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.conf import settings template_source_loaders = None class BaseLoader(object): is_usable = False def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): pass def __call__(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): return self.load_template(template_name, template_dirs) def load_template(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): source, display_name = self.load_template_source(template_name, template_dirs) origin = make_origin(display_name, self.load_template_source, template_name, template_dirs) try: template = get_template_from_string(source, origin, template_name) return template, None except TemplateDoesNotExist: # If compiling the template we found raises TemplateDoesNotExist, back off to # returning the source and display name for the template we were asked to load. # This allows for correct identification (later) of the actual template that does # not exist. return source, display_name def load_template_source(self, template_name, template_dirs=None): """ Returns a tuple containing the source and origin for the given template name. """ raise NotImplementedError def reset(self): """ Resets any state maintained by the loader instance (e.g., cached templates or cached loader modules). """ pass class LoaderOrigin(Origin): def __init__(self, display_name, loader, name, dirs): super(LoaderOrigin, self).__init__(display_name) self.loader, self.loadname, self.dirs = loader, name, dirs def reload(self): return self.loader(self.loadname, self.dirs)[0] def make_origin(display_name, loader, name, dirs): if settings.TEMPLATE_DEBUG and display_name: return LoaderOrigin(display_name, loader, name, dirs) else: return None def find_template_loader(loader): if isinstance(loader, (tuple, list)): loader, args = loader[0], loader[1:] else: args = [] if isinstance(loader, basestring): module, attr = loader.rsplit('.', 1) try: mod = import_module(module) except ImportError, e: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Error importing template source loader %s: "%s"' % (loader, e)) try: TemplateLoader = getattr(mod, attr) except AttributeError, e: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Error importing template source loader %s: "%s"' % (loader, e)) if hasattr(TemplateLoader, 'load_template_source'): func = TemplateLoader(*args) else: # Try loading module the old way - string is full path to callable if args: raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error importing template source loader %s - can't pass arguments to function-based loader." % loader) func = TemplateLoader if not func.is_usable: import warnings warnings.warn("Your TEMPLATE_LOADERS setting includes %r, but your Python installation doesn't support that type of template loading. Consider removing that line from TEMPLATE_LOADERS." % loader) return None else: return func else: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Loader does not define a "load_template" callable template source loader') def find_template(name, dirs=None): # Calculate template_source_loaders the first time the function is executed # because putting this logic in the module-level namespace may cause # circular import errors. See Django ticket #1292. global template_source_loaders if template_source_loaders is None: loaders = [] for loader_name in settings.TEMPLATE_LOADERS: loader = find_template_loader(loader_name) if loader is not None: loaders.append(loader) template_source_loaders = tuple(loaders) for loader in template_source_loaders: try: source, display_name = loader(name, dirs) return (source, make_origin(display_name, loader, name, dirs)) except TemplateDoesNotExist: pass raise TemplateDoesNotExist(name) def find_template_source(name, dirs=None): # For backward compatibility import warnings warnings.warn( "`django.template.loader.find_template_source` is deprecated; use `django.template.loader.find_template` instead.", DeprecationWarning ) template, origin = find_template(name, dirs) if hasattr(template, 'render'): raise Exception("Found a compiled template that is incompatible with the deprecated `django.template.loader.find_template_source` function.") return template, origin def get_template(template_name): """ Returns a compiled Template object for the given template name, handling template inheritance recursively. """ template, origin = find_template(template_name) if not hasattr(template, 'render'): # template needs to be compiled template = get_template_from_string(template, origin, template_name) return template def get_template_from_string(source, origin=None, name=None): """ Returns a compiled Template object for the given template code, handling template inheritance recursively. """ return Template(source, origin, name) def render_to_string(template_name, dictionary=None, context_instance=None): """ Loads the given template_name and renders it with the given dictionary as context. The template_name may be a string to load a single template using get_template, or it may be a tuple to use select_template to find one of the templates in the list. Returns a string. """ dictionary = dictionary or {} if isinstance(template_name, (list, tuple)): t = select_template(template_name) else: t = get_template(template_name) if not context_instance: return t.render(Context(dictionary)) # Add the dictionary to the context stack, ensuring it gets removed again # to keep the context_instance in the same state it started in. context_instance.update(dictionary) try: return t.render(context_instance) finally: context_instance.pop() def select_template(template_name_list): "Given a list of template names, returns the first that can be loaded." not_found = [] for template_name in template_name_list: try: return get_template(template_name) except TemplateDoesNotExist, e: if e.args[0] not in not_found: not_found.append(e.args[0]) continue # If we get here, none of the templates could be loaded raise TemplateDoesNotExist(', '.join(not_found)) add_to_builtins('django.template.loader_tags')
Python
"""Default variable filters.""" import re from decimal import Decimal, InvalidOperation, ROUND_HALF_UP import random as random_module try: from functools import wraps except ImportError: from django.utils.functional import wraps # Python 2.4 fallback. from django.template.base import Variable, Library from django.conf import settings from django.utils import formats from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode, iri_to_uri from django.utils.html import conditional_escape from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe, SafeData from django.utils.translation import ugettext, ungettext register = Library() ####################### # STRING DECORATOR # ####################### def stringfilter(func): """ Decorator for filters which should only receive unicode objects. The object passed as the first positional argument will be converted to a unicode object. """ def _dec(*args, **kwargs): if args: args = list(args) args[0] = force_unicode(args[0]) if isinstance(args[0], SafeData) and getattr(func, 'is_safe', False): return mark_safe(func(*args, **kwargs)) return func(*args, **kwargs) # Include a reference to the real function (used to check original # arguments by the template parser). _dec._decorated_function = getattr(func, '_decorated_function', func) for attr in ('is_safe', 'needs_autoescape'): if hasattr(func, attr): setattr(_dec, attr, getattr(func, attr)) return wraps(func)(_dec) ################### # STRINGS # ################### def addslashes(value): """ Adds slashes before quotes. Useful for escaping strings in CSV, for example. Less useful for escaping JavaScript; use the ``escapejs`` filter instead. """ return value.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', '\\"').replace("'", "\\'") addslashes.is_safe = True addslashes = stringfilter(addslashes) def capfirst(value): """Capitalizes the first character of the value.""" return value and value[0].upper() + value[1:] capfirst.is_safe=True capfirst = stringfilter(capfirst) def escapejs(value): """Hex encodes characters for use in JavaScript strings.""" from django.utils.html import escapejs return escapejs(value) escapejs = stringfilter(escapejs) def fix_ampersands(value): """Replaces ampersands with ``&amp;`` entities.""" from django.utils.html import fix_ampersands return fix_ampersands(value) fix_ampersands.is_safe=True fix_ampersands = stringfilter(fix_ampersands) # Values for testing floatformat input against infinity and NaN representations, # which differ across platforms and Python versions. Some (i.e. old Windows # ones) are not recognized by Decimal but we want to return them unchanged vs. # returning an empty string as we do for completley invalid input. Note these # need to be built up from values that are not inf/nan, since inf/nan values do # not reload properly from .pyc files on Windows prior to some level of Python 2.5 # (see Python Issue757815 and Issue1080440). pos_inf = 1e200 * 1e200 neg_inf = -1e200 * 1e200 nan = (1e200 * 1e200) / (1e200 * 1e200) special_floats = [str(pos_inf), str(neg_inf), str(nan)] def floatformat(text, arg=-1): """ Displays a float to a specified number of decimal places. If called without an argument, it displays the floating point number with one decimal place -- but only if there's a decimal place to be displayed: * num1 = 34.23234 * num2 = 34.00000 * num3 = 34.26000 * {{ num1|floatformat }} displays "34.2" * {{ num2|floatformat }} displays "34" * {{ num3|floatformat }} displays "34.3" If arg is positive, it will always display exactly arg number of decimal places: * {{ num1|floatformat:3 }} displays "34.232" * {{ num2|floatformat:3 }} displays "34.000" * {{ num3|floatformat:3 }} displays "34.260" If arg is negative, it will display arg number of decimal places -- but only if there are places to be displayed: * {{ num1|floatformat:"-3" }} displays "34.232" * {{ num2|floatformat:"-3" }} displays "34" * {{ num3|floatformat:"-3" }} displays "34.260" If the input float is infinity or NaN, the (platform-dependent) string representation of that value will be displayed. """ try: input_val = force_unicode(text) d = Decimal(input_val) except UnicodeEncodeError: return u'' except InvalidOperation: if input_val in special_floats: return input_val try: d = Decimal(force_unicode(float(text))) except (ValueError, InvalidOperation, TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError): return u'' try: p = int(arg) except ValueError: return input_val try: m = int(d) - d except (ValueError, OverflowError, InvalidOperation): return input_val if not m and p < 0: return mark_safe(formats.number_format(u'%d' % (int(d)), 0)) if p == 0: exp = Decimal(1) else: exp = Decimal(u'1.0') / (Decimal(10) ** abs(p)) try: # Avoid conversion to scientific notation by accessing `sign`, `digits` # and `exponent` from `Decimal.as_tuple()` directly. sign, digits, exponent = d.quantize(exp, ROUND_HALF_UP).as_tuple() digits = [unicode(digit) for digit in reversed(digits)] while len(digits) <= abs(exponent): digits.append(u'0') digits.insert(-exponent, u'.') if sign: digits.append(u'-') number = u''.join(reversed(digits)) return mark_safe(formats.number_format(number, abs(p))) except InvalidOperation: return input_val floatformat.is_safe = True def iriencode(value): """Escapes an IRI value for use in a URL.""" return force_unicode(iri_to_uri(value)) iriencode.is_safe = True iriencode = stringfilter(iriencode) def linenumbers(value, autoescape=None): """Displays text with line numbers.""" from django.utils.html import escape lines = value.split(u'\n') # Find the maximum width of the line count, for use with zero padding # string format command width = unicode(len(unicode(len(lines)))) if not autoescape or isinstance(value, SafeData): for i, line in enumerate(lines): lines[i] = (u"%0" + width + u"d. %s") % (i + 1, line) else: for i, line in enumerate(lines): lines[i] = (u"%0" + width + u"d. %s") % (i + 1, escape(line)) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(lines)) linenumbers.is_safe = True linenumbers.needs_autoescape = True linenumbers = stringfilter(linenumbers) def lower(value): """Converts a string into all lowercase.""" return value.lower() lower.is_safe = True lower = stringfilter(lower) def make_list(value): """ Returns the value turned into a list. For an integer, it's a list of digits. For a string, it's a list of characters. """ return list(value) make_list.is_safe = False make_list = stringfilter(make_list) def slugify(value): """ Normalizes string, converts to lowercase, removes non-alpha characters, and converts spaces to hyphens. """ import unicodedata value = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', value).encode('ascii', 'ignore') value = unicode(re.sub('[^\w\s-]', '', value).strip().lower()) return mark_safe(re.sub('[-\s]+', '-', value)) slugify.is_safe = True slugify = stringfilter(slugify) def stringformat(value, arg): """ Formats the variable according to the arg, a string formatting specifier. This specifier uses Python string formating syntax, with the exception that the leading "%" is dropped. See http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html for documentation of Python string formatting """ try: return (u"%" + unicode(arg)) % value except (ValueError, TypeError): return u"" stringformat.is_safe = True def title(value): """Converts a string into titlecase.""" t = re.sub("([a-z])'([A-Z])", lambda m: m.group(0).lower(), value.title()) return re.sub("\d([A-Z])", lambda m: m.group(0).lower(), t) title.is_safe = True title = stringfilter(title) def truncatewords(value, arg): """ Truncates a string after a certain number of words. Argument: Number of words to truncate after. Newlines within the string are removed. """ from django.utils.text import truncate_words try: length = int(arg) except ValueError: # Invalid literal for int(). return value # Fail silently. return truncate_words(value, length) truncatewords.is_safe = True truncatewords = stringfilter(truncatewords) def truncatewords_html(value, arg): """ Truncates HTML after a certain number of words. Argument: Number of words to truncate after. Newlines in the HTML are preserved. """ from django.utils.text import truncate_html_words try: length = int(arg) except ValueError: # invalid literal for int() return value # Fail silently. return truncate_html_words(value, length) truncatewords_html.is_safe = True truncatewords_html = stringfilter(truncatewords_html) def upper(value): """Converts a string into all uppercase.""" return value.upper() upper.is_safe = False upper = stringfilter(upper) def urlencode(value, safe=None): """ Escapes a value for use in a URL. Takes an optional ``safe`` parameter used to determine the characters which should not be escaped by Django's ``urlquote`` method. If not provided, the default safe characters will be used (but an empty string can be provided when *all* characters should be escaped). """ from django.utils.http import urlquote kwargs = {} if safe is not None: kwargs['safe'] = safe return urlquote(value, **kwargs) urlencode.is_safe = False urlencode = stringfilter(urlencode) def urlize(value, autoescape=None): """Converts URLs in plain text into clickable links.""" from django.utils.html import urlize return mark_safe(urlize(value, nofollow=True, autoescape=autoescape)) urlize.is_safe=True urlize.needs_autoescape = True urlize = stringfilter(urlize) def urlizetrunc(value, limit, autoescape=None): """ Converts URLs into clickable links, truncating URLs to the given character limit, and adding 'rel=nofollow' attribute to discourage spamming. Argument: Length to truncate URLs to. """ from django.utils.html import urlize return mark_safe(urlize(value, trim_url_limit=int(limit), nofollow=True, autoescape=autoescape)) urlizetrunc.is_safe = True urlizetrunc.needs_autoescape = True urlizetrunc = stringfilter(urlizetrunc) def wordcount(value): """Returns the number of words.""" return len(value.split()) wordcount.is_safe = False wordcount = stringfilter(wordcount) def wordwrap(value, arg): """ Wraps words at specified line length. Argument: number of characters to wrap the text at. """ from django.utils.text import wrap return wrap(value, int(arg)) wordwrap.is_safe = True wordwrap = stringfilter(wordwrap) def ljust(value, arg): """ Left-aligns the value in a field of a given width. Argument: field size. """ return value.ljust(int(arg)) ljust.is_safe = True ljust = stringfilter(ljust) def rjust(value, arg): """ Right-aligns the value in a field of a given width. Argument: field size. """ return value.rjust(int(arg)) rjust.is_safe = True rjust = stringfilter(rjust) def center(value, arg): """Centers the value in a field of a given width.""" return value.center(int(arg)) center.is_safe = True center = stringfilter(center) def cut(value, arg): """ Removes all values of arg from the given string. """ safe = isinstance(value, SafeData) value = value.replace(arg, u'') if safe and arg != ';': return mark_safe(value) return value cut = stringfilter(cut) ################### # HTML STRINGS # ################### def escape(value): """ Marks the value as a string that should not be auto-escaped. """ from django.utils.safestring import mark_for_escaping return mark_for_escaping(value) escape.is_safe = True escape = stringfilter(escape) def force_escape(value): """ Escapes a string's HTML. This returns a new string containing the escaped characters (as opposed to "escape", which marks the content for later possible escaping). """ from django.utils.html import escape return mark_safe(escape(value)) force_escape = stringfilter(force_escape) force_escape.is_safe = True def linebreaks(value, autoescape=None): """ Replaces line breaks in plain text with appropriate HTML; a single newline becomes an HTML line break (``<br />``) and a new line followed by a blank line becomes a paragraph break (``</p>``). """ from django.utils.html import linebreaks autoescape = autoescape and not isinstance(value, SafeData) return mark_safe(linebreaks(value, autoescape)) linebreaks.is_safe = True linebreaks.needs_autoescape = True linebreaks = stringfilter(linebreaks) def linebreaksbr(value, autoescape=None): """ Converts all newlines in a piece of plain text to HTML line breaks (``<br />``). """ if autoescape and not isinstance(value, SafeData): from django.utils.html import escape value = escape(value) return mark_safe(value.replace('\n', '<br />')) linebreaksbr.is_safe = True linebreaksbr.needs_autoescape = True linebreaksbr = stringfilter(linebreaksbr) def safe(value): """ Marks the value as a string that should not be auto-escaped. """ return mark_safe(value) safe.is_safe = True safe = stringfilter(safe) def safeseq(value): """ A "safe" filter for sequences. Marks each element in the sequence, individually, as safe, after converting them to unicode. Returns a list with the results. """ return [mark_safe(force_unicode(obj)) for obj in value] safeseq.is_safe = True def removetags(value, tags): """Removes a space separated list of [X]HTML tags from the output.""" tags = [re.escape(tag) for tag in tags.split()] tags_re = u'(%s)' % u'|'.join(tags) starttag_re = re.compile(ur'<%s(/?>|(\s+[^>]*>))' % tags_re, re.U) endtag_re = re.compile(u'</%s>' % tags_re) value = starttag_re.sub(u'', value) value = endtag_re.sub(u'', value) return value removetags.is_safe = True removetags = stringfilter(removetags) def striptags(value): """Strips all [X]HTML tags.""" from django.utils.html import strip_tags return strip_tags(value) striptags.is_safe = True striptags = stringfilter(striptags) ################### # LISTS # ################### def dictsort(value, arg): """ Takes a list of dicts, returns that list sorted by the property given in the argument. """ return sorted(value, key=Variable(arg).resolve) dictsort.is_safe = False def dictsortreversed(value, arg): """ Takes a list of dicts, returns that list sorted in reverse order by the property given in the argument. """ return sorted(value, key=Variable(arg).resolve, reverse=True) dictsortreversed.is_safe = False def first(value): """Returns the first item in a list.""" try: return value[0] except IndexError: return u'' first.is_safe = False def join(value, arg, autoescape=None): """ Joins a list with a string, like Python's ``str.join(list)``. """ value = map(force_unicode, value) if autoescape: value = [conditional_escape(v) for v in value] try: data = conditional_escape(arg).join(value) except AttributeError: # fail silently but nicely return value return mark_safe(data) join.is_safe = True join.needs_autoescape = True def last(value): "Returns the last item in a list" try: return value[-1] except IndexError: return u'' last.is_safe = True def length(value): """Returns the length of the value - useful for lists.""" try: return len(value) except (ValueError, TypeError): return '' length.is_safe = True def length_is(value, arg): """Returns a boolean of whether the value's length is the argument.""" try: return len(value) == int(arg) except (ValueError, TypeError): return '' length_is.is_safe = False def random(value): """Returns a random item from the list.""" return random_module.choice(value) random.is_safe = True def slice_(value, arg): """ Returns a slice of the list. Uses the same syntax as Python's list slicing; see http://diveintopython.org/native_data_types/lists.html#odbchelper.list.slice for an introduction. """ try: bits = [] for x in arg.split(u':'): if len(x) == 0: bits.append(None) else: bits.append(int(x)) return value[slice(*bits)] except (ValueError, TypeError): return value # Fail silently. slice_.is_safe = True def unordered_list(value, autoescape=None): """ Recursively takes a self-nested list and returns an HTML unordered list -- WITHOUT opening and closing <ul> tags. The list is assumed to be in the proper format. For example, if ``var`` contains: ``['States', ['Kansas', ['Lawrence', 'Topeka'], 'Illinois']]``, then ``{{ var|unordered_list }}`` would return:: <li>States <ul> <li>Kansas <ul> <li>Lawrence</li> <li>Topeka</li> </ul> </li> <li>Illinois</li> </ul> </li> """ if autoescape: from django.utils.html import conditional_escape escaper = conditional_escape else: escaper = lambda x: x def convert_old_style_list(list_): """ Converts old style lists to the new easier to understand format. The old list format looked like: ['Item 1', [['Item 1.1', []], ['Item 1.2', []]] And it is converted to: ['Item 1', ['Item 1.1', 'Item 1.2]] """ if not isinstance(list_, (tuple, list)) or len(list_) != 2: return list_, False first_item, second_item = list_ if second_item == []: return [first_item], True try: it = iter(second_item) # see if second item is iterable except TypeError: return list_, False old_style_list = True new_second_item = [] for sublist in second_item: item, old_style_list = convert_old_style_list(sublist) if not old_style_list: break new_second_item.extend(item) if old_style_list: second_item = new_second_item return [first_item, second_item], old_style_list def _helper(list_, tabs=1): indent = u'\t' * tabs output = [] list_length = len(list_) i = 0 while i < list_length: title = list_[i] sublist = '' sublist_item = None if isinstance(title, (list, tuple)): sublist_item = title title = '' elif i < list_length - 1: next_item = list_[i+1] if next_item and isinstance(next_item, (list, tuple)): # The next item is a sub-list. sublist_item = next_item # We've processed the next item now too. i += 1 if sublist_item: sublist = _helper(sublist_item, tabs+1) sublist = '\n%s<ul>\n%s\n%s</ul>\n%s' % (indent, sublist, indent, indent) output.append('%s<li>%s%s</li>' % (indent, escaper(force_unicode(title)), sublist)) i += 1 return '\n'.join(output) value, converted = convert_old_style_list(value) return mark_safe(_helper(value)) unordered_list.is_safe = True unordered_list.needs_autoescape = True ################### # INTEGERS # ################### def add(value, arg): """Adds the arg to the value.""" try: return int(value) + int(arg) except (ValueError, TypeError): try: return value + arg except: return value add.is_safe = False def get_digit(value, arg): """ Given a whole number, returns the requested digit of it, where 1 is the right-most digit, 2 is the second-right-most digit, etc. Returns the original value for invalid input (if input or argument is not an integer, or if argument is less than 1). Otherwise, output is always an integer. """ try: arg = int(arg) value = int(value) except ValueError: return value # Fail silently for an invalid argument if arg < 1: return value try: return int(str(value)[-arg]) except IndexError: return 0 get_digit.is_safe = False ################### # DATES # ################### def date(value, arg=None): """Formats a date according to the given format.""" from django.utils.dateformat import format if not value: return u'' if arg is None: arg = settings.DATE_FORMAT try: return formats.date_format(value, arg) except AttributeError: try: return format(value, arg) except AttributeError: return '' date.is_safe = False def time(value, arg=None): """Formats a time according to the given format.""" from django.utils import dateformat if value in (None, u''): return u'' if arg is None: arg = settings.TIME_FORMAT try: return formats.time_format(value, arg) except AttributeError: try: return dateformat.time_format(value, arg) except AttributeError: return '' time.is_safe = False def timesince(value, arg=None): """Formats a date as the time since that date (i.e. "4 days, 6 hours").""" from django.utils.timesince import timesince if not value: return u'' try: if arg: return timesince(value, arg) return timesince(value) except (ValueError, TypeError): return u'' timesince.is_safe = False def timeuntil(value, arg=None): """Formats a date as the time until that date (i.e. "4 days, 6 hours").""" from django.utils.timesince import timeuntil if not value: return u'' try: return timeuntil(value, arg) except (ValueError, TypeError): return u'' timeuntil.is_safe = False ################### # LOGIC # ################### def default(value, arg): """If value is unavailable, use given default.""" return value or arg default.is_safe = False def default_if_none(value, arg): """If value is None, use given default.""" if value is None: return arg return value default_if_none.is_safe = False def divisibleby(value, arg): """Returns True if the value is devisible by the argument.""" return int(value) % int(arg) == 0 divisibleby.is_safe = False def yesno(value, arg=None): """ Given a string mapping values for true, false and (optionally) None, returns one of those strings accoding to the value: ========== ====================== ================================== Value Argument Outputs ========== ====================== ================================== ``True`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``yeah`` ``False`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``no`` ``None`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``maybe`` ``None`` ``"yeah,no"`` ``"no"`` (converts None to False if no mapping for None is given. ========== ====================== ================================== """ if arg is None: arg = ugettext('yes,no,maybe') bits = arg.split(u',') if len(bits) < 2: return value # Invalid arg. try: yes, no, maybe = bits except ValueError: # Unpack list of wrong size (no "maybe" value provided). yes, no, maybe = bits[0], bits[1], bits[1] if value is None: return maybe if value: return yes return no yesno.is_safe = False ################### # MISC # ################### def filesizeformat(bytes): """ Formats the value like a 'human-readable' file size (i.e. 13 KB, 4.1 MB, 102 bytes, etc). """ try: bytes = float(bytes) except (TypeError,ValueError,UnicodeDecodeError): return ungettext("%(size)d byte", "%(size)d bytes", 0) % {'size': 0} filesize_number_format = lambda value: formats.number_format(round(value, 1), 1) if bytes < 1024: return ungettext("%(size)d byte", "%(size)d bytes", bytes) % {'size': bytes} if bytes < 1024 * 1024: return ugettext("%s KB") % filesize_number_format(bytes / 1024) if bytes < 1024 * 1024 * 1024: return ugettext("%s MB") % filesize_number_format(bytes / (1024 * 1024)) if bytes < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024: return ugettext("%s GB") % filesize_number_format(bytes / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)) if bytes < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024: return ugettext("%s TB") % filesize_number_format(bytes / (1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) return ugettext("%s PB") % filesize_number_format(bytes / (1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) filesizeformat.is_safe = True def pluralize(value, arg=u's'): """ Returns a plural suffix if the value is not 1. By default, 's' is used as the suffix: * If value is 0, vote{{ value|pluralize }} displays "0 votes". * If value is 1, vote{{ value|pluralize }} displays "1 vote". * If value is 2, vote{{ value|pluralize }} displays "2 votes". If an argument is provided, that string is used instead: * If value is 0, class{{ value|pluralize:"es" }} displays "0 classes". * If value is 1, class{{ value|pluralize:"es" }} displays "1 class". * If value is 2, class{{ value|pluralize:"es" }} displays "2 classes". If the provided argument contains a comma, the text before the comma is used for the singular case and the text after the comma is used for the plural case: * If value is 0, cand{{ value|pluralize:"y,ies" }} displays "0 candies". * If value is 1, cand{{ value|pluralize:"y,ies" }} displays "1 candy". * If value is 2, cand{{ value|pluralize:"y,ies" }} displays "2 candies". """ if not u',' in arg: arg = u',' + arg bits = arg.split(u',') if len(bits) > 2: return u'' singular_suffix, plural_suffix = bits[:2] try: if int(value) != 1: return plural_suffix except ValueError: # Invalid string that's not a number. pass except TypeError: # Value isn't a string or a number; maybe it's a list? try: if len(value) != 1: return plural_suffix except TypeError: # len() of unsized object. pass return singular_suffix pluralize.is_safe = False def phone2numeric(value): """Takes a phone number and converts it in to its numerical equivalent.""" from django.utils.text import phone2numeric return phone2numeric(value) phone2numeric.is_safe = True def pprint(value): """A wrapper around pprint.pprint -- for debugging, really.""" from pprint import pformat try: return pformat(value) except Exception, e: return u"Error in formatting: %s" % force_unicode(e, errors="replace") pprint.is_safe = True # Syntax: register.filter(name of filter, callback) register.filter(add) register.filter(addslashes) register.filter(capfirst) register.filter(center) register.filter(cut) register.filter(date) register.filter(default) register.filter(default_if_none) register.filter(dictsort) register.filter(dictsortreversed) register.filter(divisibleby) register.filter(escape) register.filter(escapejs) register.filter(filesizeformat) register.filter(first) register.filter(fix_ampersands) register.filter(floatformat) register.filter(force_escape) register.filter(get_digit) register.filter(iriencode) register.filter(join) register.filter(last) register.filter(length) register.filter(length_is) register.filter(linebreaks) register.filter(linebreaksbr) register.filter(linenumbers) register.filter(ljust) register.filter(lower) register.filter(make_list) register.filter(phone2numeric) register.filter(pluralize) register.filter(pprint) register.filter(removetags) register.filter(random) register.filter(rjust) register.filter(safe) register.filter(safeseq) register.filter('slice', slice_) register.filter(slugify) register.filter(stringformat) register.filter(striptags) register.filter(time) register.filter(timesince) register.filter(timeuntil) register.filter(title) register.filter(truncatewords) register.filter(truncatewords_html) register.filter(unordered_list) register.filter(upper) register.filter(urlencode) register.filter(urlize) register.filter(urlizetrunc) register.filter(wordcount) register.filter(wordwrap) register.filter(yesno)
Python
from django.template.base import TemplateSyntaxError, TemplateDoesNotExist, Variable from django.template.base import Library, Node, TextNode from django.template.context import Context from django.template.defaulttags import token_kwargs from django.template.loader import get_template from django.conf import settings from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe register = Library() BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY = 'block_context' class ExtendsError(Exception): pass class BlockContext(object): def __init__(self): # Dictionary of FIFO queues. self.blocks = {} def add_blocks(self, blocks): for name, block in blocks.iteritems(): if name in self.blocks: self.blocks[name].insert(0, block) else: self.blocks[name] = [block] def pop(self, name): try: return self.blocks[name].pop() except (IndexError, KeyError): return None def push(self, name, block): self.blocks[name].append(block) def get_block(self, name): try: return self.blocks[name][-1] except (IndexError, KeyError): return None class BlockNode(Node): def __init__(self, name, nodelist, parent=None): self.name, self.nodelist, self.parent = name, nodelist, parent def __repr__(self): return "<Block Node: %s. Contents: %r>" % (self.name, self.nodelist) def render(self, context): block_context = context.render_context.get(BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY) context.push() if block_context is None: context['block'] = self result = self.nodelist.render(context) else: push = block = block_context.pop(self.name) if block is None: block = self # Create new block so we can store context without thread-safety issues. block = BlockNode(block.name, block.nodelist) block.context = context context['block'] = block result = block.nodelist.render(context) if push is not None: block_context.push(self.name, push) context.pop() return result def super(self): render_context = self.context.render_context if (BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY in render_context and render_context[BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY].get_block(self.name) is not None): return mark_safe(self.render(self.context)) return '' class ExtendsNode(Node): must_be_first = True def __init__(self, nodelist, parent_name, parent_name_expr, template_dirs=None): self.nodelist = nodelist self.parent_name, self.parent_name_expr = parent_name, parent_name_expr self.template_dirs = template_dirs self.blocks = dict([(n.name, n) for n in nodelist.get_nodes_by_type(BlockNode)]) def __repr__(self): if self.parent_name_expr: return "<ExtendsNode: extends %s>" % self.parent_name_expr.token return '<ExtendsNode: extends "%s">' % self.parent_name def get_parent(self, context): if self.parent_name_expr: self.parent_name = self.parent_name_expr.resolve(context) parent = self.parent_name if not parent: error_msg = "Invalid template name in 'extends' tag: %r." % parent if self.parent_name_expr: error_msg += " Got this from the '%s' variable." % self.parent_name_expr.token raise TemplateSyntaxError(error_msg) if hasattr(parent, 'render'): return parent # parent is a Template object return get_template(parent) def render(self, context): compiled_parent = self.get_parent(context) if BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY not in context.render_context: context.render_context[BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY] = BlockContext() block_context = context.render_context[BLOCK_CONTEXT_KEY] # Add the block nodes from this node to the block context block_context.add_blocks(self.blocks) # If this block's parent doesn't have an extends node it is the root, # and its block nodes also need to be added to the block context. for node in compiled_parent.nodelist: # The ExtendsNode has to be the first non-text node. if not isinstance(node, TextNode): if not isinstance(node, ExtendsNode): blocks = dict([(n.name, n) for n in compiled_parent.nodelist.get_nodes_by_type(BlockNode)]) block_context.add_blocks(blocks) break # Call Template._render explicitly so the parser context stays # the same. return compiled_parent._render(context) class BaseIncludeNode(Node): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.extra_context = kwargs.pop('extra_context', {}) self.isolated_context = kwargs.pop('isolated_context', False) super(BaseIncludeNode, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def render_template(self, template, context): values = dict([(name, var.resolve(context)) for name, var in self.extra_context.iteritems()]) if self.isolated_context: return template.render(context.new(values)) context.update(values) output = template.render(context) context.pop() return output class ConstantIncludeNode(BaseIncludeNode): def __init__(self, template_path, *args, **kwargs): super(ConstantIncludeNode, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) try: t = get_template(template_path) self.template = t except: if settings.TEMPLATE_DEBUG: raise self.template = None def render(self, context): if not self.template: return '' return self.render_template(self.template, context) class IncludeNode(BaseIncludeNode): def __init__(self, template_name, *args, **kwargs): super(IncludeNode, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.template_name = template_name def render(self, context): try: template_name = self.template_name.resolve(context) template = get_template(template_name) return self.render_template(template, context) except: if settings.TEMPLATE_DEBUG: raise return '' def do_block(parser, token): """ Define a block that can be overridden by child templates. """ bits = token.contents.split() if len(bits) != 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' tag takes only one argument" % bits[0]) block_name = bits[1] # Keep track of the names of BlockNodes found in this template, so we can # check for duplication. try: if block_name in parser.__loaded_blocks: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' tag with name '%s' appears more than once" % (bits[0], block_name)) parser.__loaded_blocks.append(block_name) except AttributeError: # parser.__loaded_blocks isn't a list yet parser.__loaded_blocks = [block_name] nodelist = parser.parse(('endblock', 'endblock %s' % block_name)) parser.delete_first_token() return BlockNode(block_name, nodelist) def do_extends(parser, token): """ Signal that this template extends a parent template. This tag may be used in two ways: ``{% extends "base" %}`` (with quotes) uses the literal value "base" as the name of the parent template to extend, or ``{% extends variable %}`` uses the value of ``variable`` as either the name of the parent template to extend (if it evaluates to a string) or as the parent tempate itelf (if it evaluates to a Template object). """ bits = token.split_contents() if len(bits) != 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' takes one argument" % bits[0]) parent_name, parent_name_expr = None, None if bits[1][0] in ('"', "'") and bits[1][-1] == bits[1][0]: parent_name = bits[1][1:-1] else: parent_name_expr = parser.compile_filter(bits[1]) nodelist = parser.parse() if nodelist.get_nodes_by_type(ExtendsNode): raise TemplateSyntaxError("'%s' cannot appear more than once in the same template" % bits[0]) return ExtendsNode(nodelist, parent_name, parent_name_expr) def do_include(parser, token): """ Loads a template and renders it with the current context. You can pass additional context using keyword arguments. Example:: {% include "foo/some_include" %} {% include "foo/some_include" with bar="BAZZ!" baz="BING!" %} Use the ``only`` argument to exclude the current context when rendering the included template:: {% include "foo/some_include" only %} {% include "foo/some_include" with bar="1" only %} """ bits = token.split_contents() if len(bits) < 2: raise TemplateSyntaxError("%r tag takes at least one argument: the name of the template to be included." % bits[0]) options = {} remaining_bits = bits[2:] while remaining_bits: option = remaining_bits.pop(0) if option in options: raise TemplateSyntaxError('The %r option was specified more ' 'than once.' % option) if option == 'with': value = token_kwargs(remaining_bits, parser, support_legacy=False) if not value: raise TemplateSyntaxError('"with" in %r tag needs at least ' 'one keyword argument.' % bits[0]) elif option == 'only': value = True else: raise TemplateSyntaxError('Unknown argument for %r tag: %r.' % (bits[0], option)) options[option] = value isolated_context = options.get('only', False) namemap = options.get('with', {}) path = bits[1] if path[0] in ('"', "'") and path[-1] == path[0]: return ConstantIncludeNode(path[1:-1], extra_context=namemap, isolated_context=isolated_context) return IncludeNode(parser.compile_filter(bits[1]), extra_context=namemap, isolated_context=isolated_context) register.tag('block', do_block) register.tag('extends', do_extends) register.tag('include', do_include)
Python
""" Form classes """ from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.utils.copycompat import deepcopy from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from django.utils.html import conditional_escape from django.utils.encoding import StrAndUnicode, smart_unicode, force_unicode from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from fields import Field, FileField from widgets import Media, media_property, TextInput, Textarea from util import flatatt, ErrorDict, ErrorList __all__ = ('BaseForm', 'Form') NON_FIELD_ERRORS = '__all__' def pretty_name(name): """Converts 'first_name' to 'First name'""" if not name: return u'' return name.replace('_', ' ').capitalize() def get_declared_fields(bases, attrs, with_base_fields=True): """ Create a list of form field instances from the passed in 'attrs', plus any similar fields on the base classes (in 'bases'). This is used by both the Form and ModelForm metclasses. If 'with_base_fields' is True, all fields from the bases are used. Otherwise, only fields in the 'declared_fields' attribute on the bases are used. The distinction is useful in ModelForm subclassing. Also integrates any additional media definitions """ fields = [(field_name, attrs.pop(field_name)) for field_name, obj in attrs.items() if isinstance(obj, Field)] fields.sort(key=lambda x: x[1].creation_counter) # If this class is subclassing another Form, add that Form's fields. # Note that we loop over the bases in *reverse*. This is necessary in # order to preserve the correct order of fields. if with_base_fields: for base in bases[::-1]: if hasattr(base, 'base_fields'): fields = base.base_fields.items() + fields else: for base in bases[::-1]: if hasattr(base, 'declared_fields'): fields = base.declared_fields.items() + fields return SortedDict(fields) class DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass(type): """ Metaclass that converts Field attributes to a dictionary called 'base_fields', taking into account parent class 'base_fields' as well. """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): attrs['base_fields'] = get_declared_fields(bases, attrs) new_class = super(DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) if 'media' not in attrs: new_class.media = media_property(new_class) return new_class class BaseForm(StrAndUnicode): # This is the main implementation of all the Form logic. Note that this # class is different than Form. See the comments by the Form class for more # information. Any improvements to the form API should be made to *this* # class, not to the Form class. def __init__(self, data=None, files=None, auto_id='id_%s', prefix=None, initial=None, error_class=ErrorList, label_suffix=':', empty_permitted=False): self.is_bound = data is not None or files is not None self.data = data or {} self.files = files or {} self.auto_id = auto_id self.prefix = prefix self.initial = initial or {} self.error_class = error_class self.label_suffix = label_suffix self.empty_permitted = empty_permitted self._errors = None # Stores the errors after clean() has been called. self._changed_data = None # The base_fields class attribute is the *class-wide* definition of # fields. Because a particular *instance* of the class might want to # alter self.fields, we create self.fields here by copying base_fields. # Instances should always modify self.fields; they should not modify # self.base_fields. self.fields = deepcopy(self.base_fields) def __unicode__(self): return self.as_table() def __iter__(self): for name, field in self.fields.items(): yield BoundField(self, field, name) def __getitem__(self, name): "Returns a BoundField with the given name." try: field = self.fields[name] except KeyError: raise KeyError('Key %r not found in Form' % name) return BoundField(self, field, name) def _get_errors(self): "Returns an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form" if self._errors is None: self.full_clean() return self._errors errors = property(_get_errors) def is_valid(self): """ Returns True if the form has no errors. Otherwise, False. If errors are being ignored, returns False. """ return self.is_bound and not bool(self.errors) def add_prefix(self, field_name): """ Returns the field name with a prefix appended, if this Form has a prefix set. Subclasses may wish to override. """ return self.prefix and ('%s-%s' % (self.prefix, field_name)) or field_name def add_initial_prefix(self, field_name): """ Add a 'initial' prefix for checking dynamic initial values """ return u'initial-%s' % self.add_prefix(field_name) def _html_output(self, normal_row, error_row, row_ender, help_text_html, errors_on_separate_row): "Helper function for outputting HTML. Used by as_table(), as_ul(), as_p()." top_errors = self.non_field_errors() # Errors that should be displayed above all fields. output, hidden_fields = [], [] for name, field in self.fields.items(): html_class_attr = '' bf = BoundField(self, field, name) bf_errors = self.error_class([conditional_escape(error) for error in bf.errors]) # Escape and cache in local variable. if bf.is_hidden: if bf_errors: top_errors.extend([u'(Hidden field %s) %s' % (name, force_unicode(e)) for e in bf_errors]) hidden_fields.append(unicode(bf)) else: # Create a 'class="..."' atribute if the row should have any # CSS classes applied. css_classes = bf.css_classes() if css_classes: html_class_attr = ' class="%s"' % css_classes if errors_on_separate_row and bf_errors: output.append(error_row % force_unicode(bf_errors)) if bf.label: label = conditional_escape(force_unicode(bf.label)) # Only add the suffix if the label does not end in # punctuation. if self.label_suffix: if label[-1] not in ':?.!': label += self.label_suffix label = bf.label_tag(label) or '' else: label = '' if field.help_text: help_text = help_text_html % force_unicode(field.help_text) else: help_text = u'' output.append(normal_row % { 'errors': force_unicode(bf_errors), 'label': force_unicode(label), 'field': unicode(bf), 'help_text': help_text, 'html_class_attr': html_class_attr }) if top_errors: output.insert(0, error_row % force_unicode(top_errors)) if hidden_fields: # Insert any hidden fields in the last row. str_hidden = u''.join(hidden_fields) if output: last_row = output[-1] # Chop off the trailing row_ender (e.g. '</td></tr>') and # insert the hidden fields. if not last_row.endswith(row_ender): # This can happen in the as_p() case (and possibly others # that users write): if there are only top errors, we may # not be able to conscript the last row for our purposes, # so insert a new, empty row. last_row = (normal_row % {'errors': '', 'label': '', 'field': '', 'help_text':'', 'html_class_attr': html_class_attr}) output.append(last_row) output[-1] = last_row[:-len(row_ender)] + str_hidden + row_ender else: # If there aren't any rows in the output, just append the # hidden fields. output.append(str_hidden) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output)) def as_table(self): "Returns this form rendered as HTML <tr>s -- excluding the <table></table>." return self._html_output( normal_row = u'<tr%(html_class_attr)s><th>%(label)s</th><td>%(errors)s%(field)s%(help_text)s</td></tr>', error_row = u'<tr><td colspan="2">%s</td></tr>', row_ender = u'</td></tr>', help_text_html = u'<br /><span class="helptext">%s</span>', errors_on_separate_row = False) def as_ul(self): "Returns this form rendered as HTML <li>s -- excluding the <ul></ul>." return self._html_output( normal_row = u'<li%(html_class_attr)s>%(errors)s%(label)s %(field)s%(help_text)s</li>', error_row = u'<li>%s</li>', row_ender = '</li>', help_text_html = u' <span class="helptext">%s</span>', errors_on_separate_row = False) def as_p(self): "Returns this form rendered as HTML <p>s." return self._html_output( normal_row = u'<p%(html_class_attr)s>%(label)s %(field)s%(help_text)s</p>', error_row = u'%s', row_ender = '</p>', help_text_html = u' <span class="helptext">%s</span>', errors_on_separate_row = True) def non_field_errors(self): """ Returns an ErrorList of errors that aren't associated with a particular field -- i.e., from Form.clean(). Returns an empty ErrorList if there are none. """ return self.errors.get(NON_FIELD_ERRORS, self.error_class()) def _raw_value(self, fieldname): """ Returns the raw_value for a particular field name. This is just a convenient wrapper around widget.value_from_datadict. """ field = self.fields[fieldname] prefix = self.add_prefix(fieldname) return field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, prefix) def full_clean(self): """ Cleans all of self.data and populates self._errors and self.cleaned_data. """ self._errors = ErrorDict() if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing. return self.cleaned_data = {} # If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has # changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation. if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed(): return self._clean_fields() self._clean_form() self._post_clean() if self._errors: del self.cleaned_data def _clean_fields(self): for name, field in self.fields.items(): # value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries. # Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some # widgets split data over several HTML fields. value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name)) try: if isinstance(field, FileField): initial = self.initial.get(name, field.initial) value = field.clean(value, initial) else: value = field.clean(value) self.cleaned_data[name] = value if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name): value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)() self.cleaned_data[name] = value except ValidationError, e: self._errors[name] = self.error_class(e.messages) if name in self.cleaned_data: del self.cleaned_data[name] def _clean_form(self): try: self.cleaned_data = self.clean() except ValidationError, e: self._errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] = self.error_class(e.messages) def _post_clean(self): """ An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning is complete. Used for model validation in model forms. """ pass def clean(self): """ Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() been called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case association with the field named '__all__'. """ return self.cleaned_data def has_changed(self): """ Returns True if data differs from initial. """ return bool(self.changed_data) def _get_changed_data(self): if self._changed_data is None: self._changed_data = [] # XXX: For now we're asking the individual widgets whether or not the # data has changed. It would probably be more efficient to hash the # initial data, store it in a hidden field, and compare a hash of the # submitted data, but we'd need a way to easily get the string value # for a given field. Right now, that logic is embedded in the render # method of each widget. for name, field in self.fields.items(): prefixed_name = self.add_prefix(name) data_value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, prefixed_name) if not field.show_hidden_initial: initial_value = self.initial.get(name, field.initial) else: initial_prefixed_name = self.add_initial_prefix(name) hidden_widget = field.hidden_widget() initial_value = hidden_widget.value_from_datadict( self.data, self.files, initial_prefixed_name) if field.widget._has_changed(initial_value, data_value): self._changed_data.append(name) return self._changed_data changed_data = property(_get_changed_data) def _get_media(self): """ Provide a description of all media required to render the widgets on this form """ media = Media() for field in self.fields.values(): media = media + field.widget.media return media media = property(_get_media) def is_multipart(self): """ Returns True if the form needs to be multipart-encrypted, i.e. it has FileInput. Otherwise, False. """ for field in self.fields.values(): if field.widget.needs_multipart_form: return True return False def hidden_fields(self): """ Returns a list of all the BoundField objects that are hidden fields. Useful for manual form layout in templates. """ return [field for field in self if field.is_hidden] def visible_fields(self): """ Returns a list of BoundField objects that aren't hidden fields. The opposite of the hidden_fields() method. """ return [field for field in self if not field.is_hidden] class Form(BaseForm): "A collection of Fields, plus their associated data." # This is a separate class from BaseForm in order to abstract the way # self.fields is specified. This class (Form) is the one that does the # fancy metaclass stuff purely for the semantic sugar -- it allows one # to define a form using declarative syntax. # BaseForm itself has no way of designating self.fields. __metaclass__ = DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass class BoundField(StrAndUnicode): "A Field plus data" def __init__(self, form, field, name): self.form = form self.field = field self.name = name self.html_name = form.add_prefix(name) self.html_initial_name = form.add_initial_prefix(name) self.html_initial_id = form.add_initial_prefix(self.auto_id) if self.field.label is None: self.label = pretty_name(name) else: self.label = self.field.label self.help_text = field.help_text or '' def __unicode__(self): """Renders this field as an HTML widget.""" if self.field.show_hidden_initial: return self.as_widget() + self.as_hidden(only_initial=True) return self.as_widget() def _errors(self): """ Returns an ErrorList for this field. Returns an empty ErrorList if there are none. """ return self.form.errors.get(self.name, self.form.error_class()) errors = property(_errors) def as_widget(self, widget=None, attrs=None, only_initial=False): """ Renders the field by rendering the passed widget, adding any HTML attributes passed as attrs. If no widget is specified, then the field's default widget will be used. """ if not widget: widget = self.field.widget attrs = attrs or {} auto_id = self.auto_id if auto_id and 'id' not in attrs and 'id' not in widget.attrs: if not only_initial: attrs['id'] = auto_id else: attrs['id'] = self.html_initial_id if not only_initial: name = self.html_name else: name = self.html_initial_name return widget.render(name, self.value(), attrs=attrs) def as_text(self, attrs=None, **kwargs): """ Returns a string of HTML for representing this as an <input type="text">. """ return self.as_widget(TextInput(), attrs, **kwargs) def as_textarea(self, attrs=None, **kwargs): "Returns a string of HTML for representing this as a <textarea>." return self.as_widget(Textarea(), attrs, **kwargs) def as_hidden(self, attrs=None, **kwargs): """ Returns a string of HTML for representing this as an <input type="hidden">. """ return self.as_widget(self.field.hidden_widget(), attrs, **kwargs) def _data(self): """ Returns the data for this BoundField, or None if it wasn't given. """ return self.field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.form.data, self.form.files, self.html_name) data = property(_data) def value(self): """ Returns the value for this BoundField, using the initial value if the form is not bound or the data otherwise. """ if not self.form.is_bound: data = self.form.initial.get(self.name, self.field.initial) if callable(data): data = data() else: data = self.field.bound_data( self.data, self.form.initial.get(self.name, self.field.initial) ) return self.field.prepare_value(data) def label_tag(self, contents=None, attrs=None): """ Wraps the given contents in a <label>, if the field has an ID attribute. Does not HTML-escape the contents. If contents aren't given, uses the field's HTML-escaped label. If attrs are given, they're used as HTML attributes on the <label> tag. """ contents = contents or conditional_escape(self.label) widget = self.field.widget id_ = widget.attrs.get('id') or self.auto_id if id_: attrs = attrs and flatatt(attrs) or '' contents = u'<label for="%s"%s>%s</label>' % (widget.id_for_label(id_), attrs, unicode(contents)) return mark_safe(contents) def css_classes(self, extra_classes=None): """ Returns a string of space-separated CSS classes for this field. """ if hasattr(extra_classes, 'split'): extra_classes = extra_classes.split() extra_classes = set(extra_classes or []) if self.errors and hasattr(self.form, 'error_css_class'): extra_classes.add(self.form.error_css_class) if self.field.required and hasattr(self.form, 'required_css_class'): extra_classes.add(self.form.required_css_class) return ' '.join(extra_classes) def _is_hidden(self): "Returns True if this BoundField's widget is hidden." return self.field.widget.is_hidden is_hidden = property(_is_hidden) def _auto_id(self): """ Calculates and returns the ID attribute for this BoundField, if the associated Form has specified auto_id. Returns an empty string otherwise. """ auto_id = self.form.auto_id if auto_id and '%s' in smart_unicode(auto_id): return smart_unicode(auto_id) % self.html_name elif auto_id: return self.html_name return '' auto_id = property(_auto_id) def _id_for_label(self): """ Wrapper around the field widget's `id_for_label` class method. Useful, for example, for focusing on this field regardless of whether it has a single widget or a MutiWidget. """ widget = self.field.widget id_ = widget.attrs.get('id') or self.auto_id return widget.id_for_label(id_) id_for_label = property(_id_for_label)
Python
""" Extra HTML Widget classes """ import time import datetime import re from django.forms.widgets import Widget, Select from django.utils import datetime_safe from django.utils.dates import MONTHS from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.utils.formats import get_format from django.conf import settings __all__ = ('SelectDateWidget',) RE_DATE = re.compile(r'(\d{4})-(\d\d?)-(\d\d?)$') def _parse_date_fmt(): fmt = get_format('DATE_FORMAT') escaped = False output = [] for char in fmt: if escaped: escaped = False elif char == '\\': escaped = True elif char in 'Yy': output.append('year') #if not self.first_select: self.first_select = 'year' elif char in 'bEFMmNn': output.append('month') #if not self.first_select: self.first_select = 'month' elif char in 'dj': output.append('day') #if not self.first_select: self.first_select = 'day' return output class SelectDateWidget(Widget): """ A Widget that splits date input into three <select> boxes. This also serves as an example of a Widget that has more than one HTML element and hence implements value_from_datadict. """ none_value = (0, '---') month_field = '%s_month' day_field = '%s_day' year_field = '%s_year' def __init__(self, attrs=None, years=None, required=True): # years is an optional list/tuple of years to use in the "year" select box. self.attrs = attrs or {} self.required = required if years: self.years = years else: this_year = datetime.date.today().year self.years = range(this_year, this_year+10) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): try: year_val, month_val, day_val = value.year, value.month, value.day except AttributeError: year_val = month_val = day_val = None if isinstance(value, basestring): if settings.USE_L10N: try: input_format = get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] # Python 2.4 compatibility: # v = datetime.datetime.strptime(value, input_format) # would be clearer, but datetime.strptime was added in # Python 2.5 v = datetime.datetime(*(time.strptime(value, input_format)[0:6])) year_val, month_val, day_val = v.year, v.month, v.day except ValueError: pass else: match = RE_DATE.match(value) if match: year_val, month_val, day_val = [int(v) for v in match.groups()] choices = [(i, i) for i in self.years] year_html = self.create_select(name, self.year_field, value, year_val, choices) choices = MONTHS.items() month_html = self.create_select(name, self.month_field, value, month_val, choices) choices = [(i, i) for i in range(1, 32)] day_html = self.create_select(name, self.day_field, value, day_val, choices) output = [] for field in _parse_date_fmt(): if field == 'year': output.append(year_html) elif field == 'month': output.append(month_html) elif field == 'day': output.append(day_html) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output)) def id_for_label(self, id_): first_select = None field_list = _parse_date_fmt() if field_list: first_select = field_list[0] if first_select is not None: return '%s_%s' % (id_, first_select) else: return '%s_month' % id_ id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): y = data.get(self.year_field % name) m = data.get(self.month_field % name) d = data.get(self.day_field % name) if y == m == d == "0": return None if y and m and d: if settings.USE_L10N: input_format = get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] try: date_value = datetime.date(int(y), int(m), int(d)) except ValueError: return '%s-%s-%s' % (y, m, d) else: date_value = datetime_safe.new_date(date_value) return date_value.strftime(input_format) else: return '%s-%s-%s' % (y, m, d) return data.get(name, None) def create_select(self, name, field, value, val, choices): if 'id' in self.attrs: id_ = self.attrs['id'] else: id_ = 'id_%s' % name if not (self.required and val): choices.insert(0, self.none_value) local_attrs = self.build_attrs(id=field % id_) s = Select(choices=choices) select_html = s.render(field % name, val, local_attrs) return select_html
Python
from widgets import *
Python
""" Helper functions for creating Form classes from Django models and database field objects. """ from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, force_unicode from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from django.utils.text import get_text_list, capfirst from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _, ugettext from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError, NON_FIELD_ERRORS, \ FieldError from django.core.validators import EMPTY_VALUES from util import ErrorList from forms import BaseForm, get_declared_fields from fields import Field, ChoiceField from widgets import SelectMultiple, HiddenInput, MultipleHiddenInput from widgets import media_property from formsets import BaseFormSet, formset_factory __all__ = ( 'ModelForm', 'BaseModelForm', 'model_to_dict', 'fields_for_model', 'save_instance', 'ModelChoiceField', 'ModelMultipleChoiceField', ) def construct_instance(form, instance, fields=None, exclude=None): """ Constructs and returns a model instance from the bound ``form``'s ``cleaned_data``, but does not save the returned instance to the database. """ from django.db import models opts = instance._meta cleaned_data = form.cleaned_data file_field_list = [] for f in opts.fields: if not f.editable or isinstance(f, models.AutoField) \ or not f.name in cleaned_data: continue if fields is not None and f.name not in fields: continue if exclude and f.name in exclude: continue # Defer saving file-type fields until after the other fields, so a # callable upload_to can use the values from other fields. if isinstance(f, models.FileField): file_field_list.append(f) else: f.save_form_data(instance, cleaned_data[f.name]) for f in file_field_list: f.save_form_data(instance, cleaned_data[f.name]) return instance def save_instance(form, instance, fields=None, fail_message='saved', commit=True, exclude=None, construct=True): """ Saves bound Form ``form``'s cleaned_data into model instance ``instance``. If commit=True, then the changes to ``instance`` will be saved to the database. Returns ``instance``. If construct=False, assume ``instance`` has already been constructed and just needs to be saved. """ if construct: instance = construct_instance(form, instance, fields, exclude) opts = instance._meta if form.errors: raise ValueError("The %s could not be %s because the data didn't" " validate." % (opts.object_name, fail_message)) # Wrap up the saving of m2m data as a function. def save_m2m(): cleaned_data = form.cleaned_data for f in opts.many_to_many: if fields and f.name not in fields: continue if f.name in cleaned_data: f.save_form_data(instance, cleaned_data[f.name]) if commit: # If we are committing, save the instance and the m2m data immediately. instance.save() save_m2m() else: # We're not committing. Add a method to the form to allow deferred # saving of m2m data. form.save_m2m = save_m2m return instance # ModelForms ################################################################# def model_to_dict(instance, fields=None, exclude=None): """ Returns a dict containing the data in ``instance`` suitable for passing as a Form's ``initial`` keyword argument. ``fields`` is an optional list of field names. If provided, only the named fields will be included in the returned dict. ``exclude`` is an optional list of field names. If provided, the named fields will be excluded from the returned dict, even if they are listed in the ``fields`` argument. """ # avoid a circular import from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyField opts = instance._meta data = {} for f in opts.fields + opts.many_to_many: if not f.editable: continue if fields and not f.name in fields: continue if exclude and f.name in exclude: continue if isinstance(f, ManyToManyField): # If the object doesn't have a primry key yet, just use an empty # list for its m2m fields. Calling f.value_from_object will raise # an exception. if instance.pk is None: data[f.name] = [] else: # MultipleChoiceWidget needs a list of pks, not object instances. data[f.name] = [obj.pk for obj in f.value_from_object(instance)] else: data[f.name] = f.value_from_object(instance) return data def fields_for_model(model, fields=None, exclude=None, widgets=None, formfield_callback=None): """ Returns a ``SortedDict`` containing form fields for the given model. ``fields`` is an optional list of field names. If provided, only the named fields will be included in the returned fields. ``exclude`` is an optional list of field names. If provided, the named fields will be excluded from the returned fields, even if they are listed in the ``fields`` argument. """ field_list = [] ignored = [] opts = model._meta for f in opts.fields + opts.many_to_many: if not f.editable: continue if fields is not None and not f.name in fields: continue if exclude and f.name in exclude: continue if widgets and f.name in widgets: kwargs = {'widget': widgets[f.name]} else: kwargs = {} if formfield_callback is None: formfield = f.formfield(**kwargs) elif not callable(formfield_callback): raise TypeError('formfield_callback must be a function or callable') else: formfield = formfield_callback(f, **kwargs) if formfield: field_list.append((f.name, formfield)) else: ignored.append(f.name) field_dict = SortedDict(field_list) if fields: field_dict = SortedDict( [(f, field_dict.get(f)) for f in fields if ((not exclude) or (exclude and f not in exclude)) and (f not in ignored)] ) return field_dict class ModelFormOptions(object): def __init__(self, options=None): self.model = getattr(options, 'model', None) self.fields = getattr(options, 'fields', None) self.exclude = getattr(options, 'exclude', None) self.widgets = getattr(options, 'widgets', None) class ModelFormMetaclass(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): formfield_callback = attrs.pop('formfield_callback', None) try: parents = [b for b in bases if issubclass(b, ModelForm)] except NameError: # We are defining ModelForm itself. parents = None declared_fields = get_declared_fields(bases, attrs, False) new_class = super(ModelFormMetaclass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) if not parents: return new_class if 'media' not in attrs: new_class.media = media_property(new_class) opts = new_class._meta = ModelFormOptions(getattr(new_class, 'Meta', None)) if opts.model: # If a model is defined, extract form fields from it. fields = fields_for_model(opts.model, opts.fields, opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback) # make sure opts.fields doesn't specify an invalid field none_model_fields = [k for k, v in fields.iteritems() if not v] missing_fields = set(none_model_fields) - \ set(declared_fields.keys()) if missing_fields: message = 'Unknown field(s) (%s) specified for %s' message = message % (', '.join(missing_fields), opts.model.__name__) raise FieldError(message) # Override default model fields with any custom declared ones # (plus, include all the other declared fields). fields.update(declared_fields) else: fields = declared_fields new_class.declared_fields = declared_fields new_class.base_fields = fields return new_class class BaseModelForm(BaseForm): def __init__(self, data=None, files=None, auto_id='id_%s', prefix=None, initial=None, error_class=ErrorList, label_suffix=':', empty_permitted=False, instance=None): opts = self._meta if instance is None: if opts.model is None: raise ValueError('ModelForm has no model class specified.') # if we didn't get an instance, instantiate a new one self.instance = opts.model() object_data = {} else: self.instance = instance object_data = model_to_dict(instance, opts.fields, opts.exclude) # if initial was provided, it should override the values from instance if initial is not None: object_data.update(initial) # self._validate_unique will be set to True by BaseModelForm.clean(). # It is False by default so overriding self.clean() and failing to call # super will stop validate_unique from being called. self._validate_unique = False super(BaseModelForm, self).__init__(data, files, auto_id, prefix, object_data, error_class, label_suffix, empty_permitted) def _update_errors(self, message_dict): for k, v in message_dict.items(): if k != NON_FIELD_ERRORS: self._errors.setdefault(k, self.error_class()).extend(v) # Remove the data from the cleaned_data dict since it was invalid if k in self.cleaned_data: del self.cleaned_data[k] if NON_FIELD_ERRORS in message_dict: messages = message_dict[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] self._errors.setdefault(NON_FIELD_ERRORS, self.error_class()).extend(messages) def _get_validation_exclusions(self): """ For backwards-compatibility, several types of fields need to be excluded from model validation. See the following tickets for details: #12507, #12521, #12553 """ exclude = [] # Build up a list of fields that should be excluded from model field # validation and unique checks. for f in self.instance._meta.fields: field = f.name # Exclude fields that aren't on the form. The developer may be # adding these values to the model after form validation. if field not in self.fields: exclude.append(f.name) # Don't perform model validation on fields that were defined # manually on the form and excluded via the ModelForm's Meta # class. See #12901. elif self._meta.fields and field not in self._meta.fields: exclude.append(f.name) elif self._meta.exclude and field in self._meta.exclude: exclude.append(f.name) # Exclude fields that failed form validation. There's no need for # the model fields to validate them as well. elif field in self._errors.keys(): exclude.append(f.name) # Exclude empty fields that are not required by the form, if the # underlying model field is required. This keeps the model field # from raising a required error. Note: don't exclude the field from # validaton if the model field allows blanks. If it does, the blank # value may be included in a unique check, so cannot be excluded # from validation. else: form_field = self.fields[field] field_value = self.cleaned_data.get(field, None) if not f.blank and not form_field.required and field_value in EMPTY_VALUES: exclude.append(f.name) return exclude def clean(self): self._validate_unique = True return self.cleaned_data def _post_clean(self): opts = self._meta # Update the model instance with self.cleaned_data. self.instance = construct_instance(self, self.instance, opts.fields, opts.exclude) exclude = self._get_validation_exclusions() # Foreign Keys being used to represent inline relationships # are excluded from basic field value validation. This is for two # reasons: firstly, the value may not be supplied (#12507; the # case of providing new values to the admin); secondly the # object being referred to may not yet fully exist (#12749). # However, these fields *must* be included in uniqueness checks, # so this can't be part of _get_validation_exclusions(). for f_name, field in self.fields.items(): if isinstance(field, InlineForeignKeyField): exclude.append(f_name) # Clean the model instance's fields. try: self.instance.clean_fields(exclude=exclude) except ValidationError, e: self._update_errors(e.message_dict) # Call the model instance's clean method. try: self.instance.clean() except ValidationError, e: self._update_errors({NON_FIELD_ERRORS: e.messages}) # Validate uniqueness if needed. if self._validate_unique: self.validate_unique() def validate_unique(self): """ Calls the instance's validate_unique() method and updates the form's validation errors if any were raised. """ exclude = self._get_validation_exclusions() try: self.instance.validate_unique(exclude=exclude) except ValidationError, e: self._update_errors(e.message_dict) def save(self, commit=True): """ Saves this ``form``'s cleaned_data into model instance ``self.instance``. If commit=True, then the changes to ``instance`` will be saved to the database. Returns ``instance``. """ if self.instance.pk is None: fail_message = 'created' else: fail_message = 'changed' return save_instance(self, self.instance, self._meta.fields, fail_message, commit, construct=False) save.alters_data = True class ModelForm(BaseModelForm): __metaclass__ = ModelFormMetaclass def modelform_factory(model, form=ModelForm, fields=None, exclude=None, formfield_callback=None): # Create the inner Meta class. FIXME: ideally, we should be able to # construct a ModelForm without creating and passing in a temporary # inner class. # Build up a list of attributes that the Meta object will have. attrs = {'model': model} if fields is not None: attrs['fields'] = fields if exclude is not None: attrs['exclude'] = exclude # If parent form class already has an inner Meta, the Meta we're # creating needs to inherit from the parent's inner meta. parent = (object,) if hasattr(form, 'Meta'): parent = (form.Meta, object) Meta = type('Meta', parent, attrs) # Give this new form class a reasonable name. class_name = model.__name__ + 'Form' # Class attributes for the new form class. form_class_attrs = { 'Meta': Meta, 'formfield_callback': formfield_callback } return ModelFormMetaclass(class_name, (form,), form_class_attrs) # ModelFormSets ############################################################## class BaseModelFormSet(BaseFormSet): """ A ``FormSet`` for editing a queryset and/or adding new objects to it. """ model = None def __init__(self, data=None, files=None, auto_id='id_%s', prefix=None, queryset=None, **kwargs): self.queryset = queryset defaults = {'data': data, 'files': files, 'auto_id': auto_id, 'prefix': prefix} defaults.update(kwargs) super(BaseModelFormSet, self).__init__(**defaults) def initial_form_count(self): """Returns the number of forms that are required in this FormSet.""" if not (self.data or self.files): return len(self.get_queryset()) return super(BaseModelFormSet, self).initial_form_count() def _existing_object(self, pk): if not hasattr(self, '_object_dict'): self._object_dict = dict([(o.pk, o) for o in self.get_queryset()]) return self._object_dict.get(pk) def _construct_form(self, i, **kwargs): if self.is_bound and i < self.initial_form_count(): # Import goes here instead of module-level because importing # django.db has side effects. from django.db import connections pk_key = "%s-%s" % (self.add_prefix(i), self.model._meta.pk.name) pk = self.data[pk_key] pk_field = self.model._meta.pk pk = pk_field.get_db_prep_lookup('exact', pk, connection=connections[self.get_queryset().db]) if isinstance(pk, list): pk = pk[0] kwargs['instance'] = self._existing_object(pk) if i < self.initial_form_count() and not kwargs.get('instance'): kwargs['instance'] = self.get_queryset()[i] return super(BaseModelFormSet, self)._construct_form(i, **kwargs) def get_queryset(self): if not hasattr(self, '_queryset'): if self.queryset is not None: qs = self.queryset else: qs = self.model._default_manager.get_query_set() # If the queryset isn't already ordered we need to add an # artificial ordering here to make sure that all formsets # constructed from this queryset have the same form order. if not qs.ordered: qs = qs.order_by(self.model._meta.pk.name) # Removed queryset limiting here. As per discussion re: #13023 # on django-dev, max_num should not prevent existing # related objects/inlines from being displayed. self._queryset = qs return self._queryset def save_new(self, form, commit=True): """Saves and returns a new model instance for the given form.""" return form.save(commit=commit) def save_existing(self, form, instance, commit=True): """Saves and returns an existing model instance for the given form.""" return form.save(commit=commit) def save(self, commit=True): """Saves model instances for every form, adding and changing instances as necessary, and returns the list of instances. """ if not commit: self.saved_forms = [] def save_m2m(): for form in self.saved_forms: form.save_m2m() self.save_m2m = save_m2m return self.save_existing_objects(commit) + self.save_new_objects(commit) def clean(self): self.validate_unique() def validate_unique(self): # Collect unique_checks and date_checks to run from all the forms. all_unique_checks = set() all_date_checks = set() for form in self.forms: if not hasattr(form, 'cleaned_data'): continue exclude = form._get_validation_exclusions() unique_checks, date_checks = form.instance._get_unique_checks(exclude=exclude) all_unique_checks = all_unique_checks.union(set(unique_checks)) all_date_checks = all_date_checks.union(set(date_checks)) errors = [] # Do each of the unique checks (unique and unique_together) for uclass, unique_check in all_unique_checks: seen_data = set() for form in self.forms: # if the form doesn't have cleaned_data then we ignore it, # it's already invalid if not hasattr(form, "cleaned_data"): continue # get data for each field of each of unique_check row_data = tuple([form.cleaned_data[field] for field in unique_check if field in form.cleaned_data]) if row_data and not None in row_data: # if we've aready seen it then we have a uniqueness failure if row_data in seen_data: # poke error messages into the right places and mark # the form as invalid errors.append(self.get_unique_error_message(unique_check)) form._errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] = self.error_class([self.get_form_error()]) del form.cleaned_data break # mark the data as seen seen_data.add(row_data) # iterate over each of the date checks now for date_check in all_date_checks: seen_data = set() uclass, lookup, field, unique_for = date_check for form in self.forms: # if the form doesn't have cleaned_data then we ignore it, # it's already invalid if not hasattr(self, 'cleaned_data'): continue # see if we have data for both fields if (form.cleaned_data and form.cleaned_data[field] is not None and form.cleaned_data[unique_for] is not None): # if it's a date lookup we need to get the data for all the fields if lookup == 'date': date = form.cleaned_data[unique_for] date_data = (date.year, date.month, date.day) # otherwise it's just the attribute on the date/datetime # object else: date_data = (getattr(form.cleaned_data[unique_for], lookup),) data = (form.cleaned_data[field],) + date_data # if we've aready seen it then we have a uniqueness failure if data in seen_data: # poke error messages into the right places and mark # the form as invalid errors.append(self.get_date_error_message(date_check)) form._errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] = self.error_class([self.get_form_error()]) del form.cleaned_data break seen_data.add(data) if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) def get_unique_error_message(self, unique_check): if len(unique_check) == 1: return ugettext("Please correct the duplicate data for %(field)s.") % { "field": unique_check[0], } else: return ugettext("Please correct the duplicate data for %(field)s, " "which must be unique.") % { "field": get_text_list(unique_check, unicode(_("and"))), } def get_date_error_message(self, date_check): return ugettext("Please correct the duplicate data for %(field_name)s " "which must be unique for the %(lookup)s in %(date_field)s.") % { 'field_name': date_check[2], 'date_field': date_check[3], 'lookup': unicode(date_check[1]), } def get_form_error(self): return ugettext("Please correct the duplicate values below.") def save_existing_objects(self, commit=True): self.changed_objects = [] self.deleted_objects = [] if not self.get_queryset(): return [] saved_instances = [] for form in self.initial_forms: pk_name = self._pk_field.name raw_pk_value = form._raw_value(pk_name) # clean() for different types of PK fields can sometimes return # the model instance, and sometimes the PK. Handle either. pk_value = form.fields[pk_name].clean(raw_pk_value) pk_value = getattr(pk_value, 'pk', pk_value) obj = self._existing_object(pk_value) if self.can_delete and self._should_delete_form(form): self.deleted_objects.append(obj) obj.delete() continue if form.has_changed(): self.changed_objects.append((obj, form.changed_data)) saved_instances.append(self.save_existing(form, obj, commit=commit)) if not commit: self.saved_forms.append(form) return saved_instances def save_new_objects(self, commit=True): self.new_objects = [] for form in self.extra_forms: if not form.has_changed(): continue # If someone has marked an add form for deletion, don't save the # object. if self.can_delete and self._should_delete_form(form): continue self.new_objects.append(self.save_new(form, commit=commit)) if not commit: self.saved_forms.append(form) return self.new_objects def add_fields(self, form, index): """Add a hidden field for the object's primary key.""" from django.db.models import AutoField, OneToOneField, ForeignKey self._pk_field = pk = self.model._meta.pk # If a pk isn't editable, then it won't be on the form, so we need to # add it here so we can tell which object is which when we get the # data back. Generally, pk.editable should be false, but for some # reason, auto_created pk fields and AutoField's editable attribute is # True, so check for that as well. def pk_is_not_editable(pk): return ((not pk.editable) or (pk.auto_created or isinstance(pk, AutoField)) or (pk.rel and pk.rel.parent_link and pk_is_not_editable(pk.rel.to._meta.pk))) if pk_is_not_editable(pk) or pk.name not in form.fields: if form.is_bound: pk_value = form.instance.pk else: try: if index is not None: pk_value = self.get_queryset()[index].pk else: pk_value = None except IndexError: pk_value = None if isinstance(pk, OneToOneField) or isinstance(pk, ForeignKey): qs = pk.rel.to._default_manager.get_query_set() else: qs = self.model._default_manager.get_query_set() qs = qs.using(form.instance._state.db) form.fields[self._pk_field.name] = ModelChoiceField(qs, initial=pk_value, required=False, widget=HiddenInput) super(BaseModelFormSet, self).add_fields(form, index) def modelformset_factory(model, form=ModelForm, formfield_callback=None, formset=BaseModelFormSet, extra=1, can_delete=False, can_order=False, max_num=None, fields=None, exclude=None): """ Returns a FormSet class for the given Django model class. """ form = modelform_factory(model, form=form, fields=fields, exclude=exclude, formfield_callback=formfield_callback) FormSet = formset_factory(form, formset, extra=extra, max_num=max_num, can_order=can_order, can_delete=can_delete) FormSet.model = model return FormSet # InlineFormSets ############################################################# class BaseInlineFormSet(BaseModelFormSet): """A formset for child objects related to a parent.""" def __init__(self, data=None, files=None, instance=None, save_as_new=False, prefix=None, queryset=None): from django.db.models.fields.related import RelatedObject if instance is None: self.instance = self.fk.rel.to() else: self.instance = instance self.save_as_new = save_as_new # is there a better way to get the object descriptor? self.rel_name = RelatedObject(self.fk.rel.to, self.model, self.fk).get_accessor_name() if queryset is None: queryset = self.model._default_manager qs = queryset.filter(**{self.fk.name: self.instance}) super(BaseInlineFormSet, self).__init__(data, files, prefix=prefix, queryset=qs) def initial_form_count(self): if self.save_as_new: return 0 return super(BaseInlineFormSet, self).initial_form_count() def _construct_form(self, i, **kwargs): form = super(BaseInlineFormSet, self)._construct_form(i, **kwargs) if self.save_as_new: # Remove the primary key from the form's data, we are only # creating new instances form.data[form.add_prefix(self._pk_field.name)] = None # Remove the foreign key from the form's data form.data[form.add_prefix(self.fk.name)] = None # Set the fk value here so that the form can do it's validation. setattr(form.instance, self.fk.get_attname(), self.instance.pk) return form #@classmethod def get_default_prefix(cls): from django.db.models.fields.related import RelatedObject return RelatedObject(cls.fk.rel.to, cls.model, cls.fk).get_accessor_name().replace('+','') get_default_prefix = classmethod(get_default_prefix) def save_new(self, form, commit=True): # Use commit=False so we can assign the parent key afterwards, then # save the object. obj = form.save(commit=False) pk_value = getattr(self.instance, self.fk.rel.field_name) setattr(obj, self.fk.get_attname(), getattr(pk_value, 'pk', pk_value)) if commit: obj.save() # form.save_m2m() can be called via the formset later on if commit=False if commit and hasattr(form, 'save_m2m'): form.save_m2m() return obj def add_fields(self, form, index): super(BaseInlineFormSet, self).add_fields(form, index) if self._pk_field == self.fk: name = self._pk_field.name kwargs = {'pk_field': True} else: # The foreign key field might not be on the form, so we poke at the # Model field to get the label, since we need that for error messages. name = self.fk.name kwargs = { 'label': getattr(form.fields.get(name), 'label', capfirst(self.fk.verbose_name)) } if self.fk.rel.field_name != self.fk.rel.to._meta.pk.name: kwargs['to_field'] = self.fk.rel.field_name form.fields[name] = InlineForeignKeyField(self.instance, **kwargs) # Add the generated field to form._meta.fields if it's defined to make # sure validation isn't skipped on that field. if form._meta.fields: if isinstance(form._meta.fields, tuple): form._meta.fields = list(form._meta.fields) form._meta.fields.append(self.fk.name) def get_unique_error_message(self, unique_check): unique_check = [field for field in unique_check if field != self.fk.name] return super(BaseInlineFormSet, self).get_unique_error_message(unique_check) def _get_foreign_key(parent_model, model, fk_name=None, can_fail=False): """ Finds and returns the ForeignKey from model to parent if there is one (returns None if can_fail is True and no such field exists). If fk_name is provided, assume it is the name of the ForeignKey field. Unles can_fail is True, an exception is raised if there is no ForeignKey from model to parent_model. """ # avoid circular import from django.db.models import ForeignKey opts = model._meta if fk_name: fks_to_parent = [f for f in opts.fields if f.name == fk_name] if len(fks_to_parent) == 1: fk = fks_to_parent[0] if not isinstance(fk, ForeignKey) or \ (fk.rel.to != parent_model and fk.rel.to not in parent_model._meta.get_parent_list()): raise Exception("fk_name '%s' is not a ForeignKey to %s" % (fk_name, parent_model)) elif len(fks_to_parent) == 0: raise Exception("%s has no field named '%s'" % (model, fk_name)) else: # Try to discover what the ForeignKey from model to parent_model is fks_to_parent = [ f for f in opts.fields if isinstance(f, ForeignKey) and (f.rel.to == parent_model or f.rel.to in parent_model._meta.get_parent_list()) ] if len(fks_to_parent) == 1: fk = fks_to_parent[0] elif len(fks_to_parent) == 0: if can_fail: return raise Exception("%s has no ForeignKey to %s" % (model, parent_model)) else: raise Exception("%s has more than 1 ForeignKey to %s" % (model, parent_model)) return fk def inlineformset_factory(parent_model, model, form=ModelForm, formset=BaseInlineFormSet, fk_name=None, fields=None, exclude=None, extra=3, can_order=False, can_delete=True, max_num=None, formfield_callback=None): """ Returns an ``InlineFormSet`` for the given kwargs. You must provide ``fk_name`` if ``model`` has more than one ``ForeignKey`` to ``parent_model``. """ fk = _get_foreign_key(parent_model, model, fk_name=fk_name) # enforce a max_num=1 when the foreign key to the parent model is unique. if fk.unique: max_num = 1 kwargs = { 'form': form, 'formfield_callback': formfield_callback, 'formset': formset, 'extra': extra, 'can_delete': can_delete, 'can_order': can_order, 'fields': fields, 'exclude': exclude, 'max_num': max_num, } FormSet = modelformset_factory(model, **kwargs) FormSet.fk = fk return FormSet # Fields ##################################################################### class InlineForeignKeyHiddenInput(HiddenInput): def _has_changed(self, initial, data): return False class InlineForeignKeyField(Field): """ A basic integer field that deals with validating the given value to a given parent instance in an inline. """ default_error_messages = { 'invalid_choice': _(u'The inline foreign key did not match the parent instance primary key.'), } def __init__(self, parent_instance, *args, **kwargs): self.parent_instance = parent_instance self.pk_field = kwargs.pop("pk_field", False) self.to_field = kwargs.pop("to_field", None) if self.parent_instance is not None: if self.to_field: kwargs["initial"] = getattr(self.parent_instance, self.to_field) else: kwargs["initial"] = self.parent_instance.pk kwargs["required"] = False kwargs["widget"] = InlineForeignKeyHiddenInput super(InlineForeignKeyField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def clean(self, value): if value in EMPTY_VALUES: if self.pk_field: return None # if there is no value act as we did before. return self.parent_instance # ensure the we compare the values as equal types. if self.to_field: orig = getattr(self.parent_instance, self.to_field) else: orig = self.parent_instance.pk if force_unicode(value) != force_unicode(orig): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice']) return self.parent_instance class ModelChoiceIterator(object): def __init__(self, field): self.field = field self.queryset = field.queryset def __iter__(self): if self.field.empty_label is not None: yield (u"", self.field.empty_label) if self.field.cache_choices: if self.field.choice_cache is None: self.field.choice_cache = [ self.choice(obj) for obj in self.queryset.all() ] for choice in self.field.choice_cache: yield choice else: for obj in self.queryset.all(): yield self.choice(obj) def __len__(self): return len(self.queryset) def choice(self, obj): return (self.field.prepare_value(obj), self.field.label_from_instance(obj)) class ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField): """A ChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.""" # This class is a subclass of ChoiceField for purity, but it doesn't # actually use any of ChoiceField's implementation. default_error_messages = { 'invalid_choice': _(u'Select a valid choice. That choice is not one of' u' the available choices.'), } def __init__(self, queryset, empty_label=u"---------", cache_choices=False, required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None, to_field_name=None, *args, **kwargs): if required and (initial is not None): self.empty_label = None else: self.empty_label = empty_label self.cache_choices = cache_choices # Call Field instead of ChoiceField __init__() because we don't need # ChoiceField.__init__(). Field.__init__(self, required, widget, label, initial, help_text, *args, **kwargs) self.queryset = queryset self.choice_cache = None self.to_field_name = to_field_name def __deepcopy__(self, memo): result = super(ChoiceField, self).__deepcopy__(memo) # Need to force a new ModelChoiceIterator to be created, bug #11183 result.queryset = result.queryset return result def _get_queryset(self): return self._queryset def _set_queryset(self, queryset): self._queryset = queryset self.widget.choices = self.choices queryset = property(_get_queryset, _set_queryset) # this method will be used to create object labels by the QuerySetIterator. # Override it to customize the label. def label_from_instance(self, obj): """ This method is used to convert objects into strings; it's used to generate the labels for the choices presented by this object. Subclasses can override this method to customize the display of the choices. """ return smart_unicode(obj) def _get_choices(self): # If self._choices is set, then somebody must have manually set # the property self.choices. In this case, just return self._choices. if hasattr(self, '_choices'): return self._choices # Otherwise, execute the QuerySet in self.queryset to determine the # choices dynamically. Return a fresh ModelChoiceIterator that has not been # consumed. Note that we're instantiating a new ModelChoiceIterator *each* # time _get_choices() is called (and, thus, each time self.choices is # accessed) so that we can ensure the QuerySet has not been consumed. This # construct might look complicated but it allows for lazy evaluation of # the queryset. return ModelChoiceIterator(self) choices = property(_get_choices, ChoiceField._set_choices) def prepare_value(self, value): if hasattr(value, '_meta'): if self.to_field_name: return value.serializable_value(self.to_field_name) else: return value.pk return super(ModelChoiceField, self).prepare_value(value) def to_python(self, value): if value in EMPTY_VALUES: return None try: key = self.to_field_name or 'pk' value = self.queryset.get(**{key: value}) except (ValueError, self.queryset.model.DoesNotExist): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice']) return value def validate(self, value): return Field.validate(self, value) class ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField): """A MultipleChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.""" widget = SelectMultiple hidden_widget = MultipleHiddenInput default_error_messages = { 'list': _(u'Enter a list of values.'), 'invalid_choice': _(u'Select a valid choice. %s is not one of the' u' available choices.'), 'invalid_pk_value': _(u'"%s" is not a valid value for a primary key.') } def __init__(self, queryset, cache_choices=False, required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None, *args, **kwargs): super(ModelMultipleChoiceField, self).__init__(queryset, None, cache_choices, required, widget, label, initial, help_text, *args, **kwargs) def clean(self, value): if self.required and not value: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) elif not self.required and not value: return [] if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['list']) key = self.to_field_name or 'pk' for pk in value: try: self.queryset.filter(**{key: pk}) except ValueError: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_pk_value'] % pk) qs = self.queryset.filter(**{'%s__in' % key: value}) pks = set([force_unicode(getattr(o, key)) for o in qs]) for val in value: if force_unicode(val) not in pks: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % val) # Since this overrides the inherited ModelChoiceField.clean # we run custom validators here self.run_validators(value) return qs def prepare_value(self, value): if hasattr(value, '__iter__'): return [super(ModelMultipleChoiceField, self).prepare_value(v) for v in value] return super(ModelMultipleChoiceField, self).prepare_value(value)
Python
""" Field classes. """ import datetime import os import re import time import urlparse import warnings from decimal import Decimal, DecimalException try: from cStringIO import StringIO except ImportError: from StringIO import StringIO from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.core import validators import django.utils.copycompat as copy from django.utils import formats from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, smart_str from django.utils.functional import lazy # Provide this import for backwards compatibility. from django.core.validators import EMPTY_VALUES from util import ErrorList from widgets import (TextInput, PasswordInput, HiddenInput, MultipleHiddenInput, ClearableFileInput, CheckboxInput, Select, NullBooleanSelect, SelectMultiple, DateInput, DateTimeInput, TimeInput, SplitDateTimeWidget, SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget, FILE_INPUT_CONTRADICTION) __all__ = ( 'Field', 'CharField', 'IntegerField', 'DateField', 'TimeField', 'DateTimeField', 'TimeField', 'RegexField', 'EmailField', 'FileField', 'ImageField', 'URLField', 'BooleanField', 'NullBooleanField', 'ChoiceField', 'MultipleChoiceField', 'ComboField', 'MultiValueField', 'FloatField', 'DecimalField', 'SplitDateTimeField', 'IPAddressField', 'FilePathField', 'SlugField', 'TypedChoiceField', 'TypedMultipleChoiceField' ) def en_format(name): """ Helper function to stay backward compatible. """ from django.conf.locale.en import formats warnings.warn( "`django.forms.fields.DEFAULT_%s` is deprecated; use `django.utils.formats.get_format('%s')` instead." % (name, name), DeprecationWarning ) return getattr(formats, name) class Field(object): widget = TextInput # Default widget to use when rendering this type of Field. hidden_widget = HiddenInput # Default widget to use when rendering this as "hidden". default_validators = [] # Default set of validators default_error_messages = { 'required': _(u'This field is required.'), 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid value.'), } # Tracks each time a Field instance is created. Used to retain order. creation_counter = 0 def __init__(self, required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None, error_messages=None, show_hidden_initial=False, validators=[], localize=False): # required -- Boolean that specifies whether the field is required. # True by default. # widget -- A Widget class, or instance of a Widget class, that should # be used for this Field when displaying it. Each Field has a # default Widget that it'll use if you don't specify this. In # most cases, the default widget is TextInput. # label -- A verbose name for this field, for use in displaying this # field in a form. By default, Django will use a "pretty" # version of the form field name, if the Field is part of a # Form. # initial -- A value to use in this Field's initial display. This value # is *not* used as a fallback if data isn't given. # help_text -- An optional string to use as "help text" for this Field. # error_messages -- An optional dictionary to override the default # messages that the field will raise. # show_hidden_initial -- Boolean that specifies if it is needed to render a # hidden widget with initial value after widget. # validators -- List of addtional validators to use # localize -- Boolean that specifies if the field should be localized. if label is not None: label = smart_unicode(label) self.required, self.label, self.initial = required, label, initial self.show_hidden_initial = show_hidden_initial if help_text is None: self.help_text = u'' else: self.help_text = smart_unicode(help_text) widget = widget or self.widget if isinstance(widget, type): widget = widget() # Trigger the localization machinery if needed. self.localize = localize if self.localize: widget.is_localized = True # Let the widget know whether it should display as required. widget.is_required = self.required # Hook into self.widget_attrs() for any Field-specific HTML attributes. extra_attrs = self.widget_attrs(widget) if extra_attrs: widget.attrs.update(extra_attrs) self.widget = widget # Increase the creation counter, and save our local copy. self.creation_counter = Field.creation_counter Field.creation_counter += 1 messages = {} for c in reversed(self.__class__.__mro__): messages.update(getattr(c, 'default_error_messages', {})) messages.update(error_messages or {}) self.error_messages = messages self.validators = self.default_validators + validators def prepare_value(self, value): return value def to_python(self, value): return value def validate(self, value): if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES and self.required: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) def run_validators(self, value): if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return errors = [] for v in self.validators: try: v(value) except ValidationError, e: if hasattr(e, 'code') and e.code in self.error_messages: message = self.error_messages[e.code] if e.params: message = message % e.params errors.append(message) else: errors.extend(e.messages) if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) def clean(self, value): """ Validates the given value and returns its "cleaned" value as an appropriate Python object. Raises ValidationError for any errors. """ value = self.to_python(value) self.validate(value) self.run_validators(value) return value def bound_data(self, data, initial): """ Return the value that should be shown for this field on render of a bound form, given the submitted POST data for the field and the initial data, if any. For most fields, this will simply be data; FileFields need to handle it a bit differently. """ return data def widget_attrs(self, widget): """ Given a Widget instance (*not* a Widget class), returns a dictionary of any HTML attributes that should be added to the Widget, based on this Field. """ return {} def __deepcopy__(self, memo): result = copy.copy(self) memo[id(self)] = result result.widget = copy.deepcopy(self.widget, memo) return result class CharField(Field): def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, *args, **kwargs): self.max_length, self.min_length = max_length, min_length super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) if min_length is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MinLengthValidator(min_length)) if max_length is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MaxLengthValidator(max_length)) def to_python(self, value): "Returns a Unicode object." if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return u'' return smart_unicode(value) def widget_attrs(self, widget): if self.max_length is not None and isinstance(widget, (TextInput, PasswordInput)): # The HTML attribute is maxlength, not max_length. return {'maxlength': str(self.max_length)} class IntegerField(Field): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a whole number.'), 'max_value': _(u'Ensure this value is less than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'), 'min_value': _(u'Ensure this value is greater than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'), } def __init__(self, max_value=None, min_value=None, *args, **kwargs): self.max_value, self.min_value = max_value, min_value super(IntegerField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) if max_value is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MaxValueValidator(max_value)) if min_value is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MinValueValidator(min_value)) def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that int() can be called on the input. Returns the result of int(). Returns None for empty values. """ value = super(IntegerField, self).to_python(value) if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if self.localize: value = formats.sanitize_separators(value) try: value = int(str(value)) except (ValueError, TypeError): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) return value class FloatField(IntegerField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a number.'), } def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that float() can be called on the input. Returns the result of float(). Returns None for empty values. """ value = super(IntegerField, self).to_python(value) if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if self.localize: value = formats.sanitize_separators(value) try: value = float(value) except (ValueError, TypeError): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) return value class DecimalField(Field): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a number.'), 'max_value': _(u'Ensure this value is less than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'), 'min_value': _(u'Ensure this value is greater than or equal to %(limit_value)s.'), 'max_digits': _('Ensure that there are no more than %s digits in total.'), 'max_decimal_places': _('Ensure that there are no more than %s decimal places.'), 'max_whole_digits': _('Ensure that there are no more than %s digits before the decimal point.') } def __init__(self, max_value=None, min_value=None, max_digits=None, decimal_places=None, *args, **kwargs): self.max_value, self.min_value = max_value, min_value self.max_digits, self.decimal_places = max_digits, decimal_places Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) if max_value is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MaxValueValidator(max_value)) if min_value is not None: self.validators.append(validators.MinValueValidator(min_value)) def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the input is a decimal number. Returns a Decimal instance. Returns None for empty values. Ensures that there are no more than max_digits in the number, and no more than decimal_places digits after the decimal point. """ if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if self.localize: value = formats.sanitize_separators(value) value = smart_str(value).strip() try: value = Decimal(value) except DecimalException: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) return value def validate(self, value): super(DecimalField, self).validate(value) if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return # Check for NaN, Inf and -Inf values. We can't compare directly for NaN, # since it is never equal to itself. However, NaN is the only value that # isn't equal to itself, so we can use this to identify NaN if value != value or value == Decimal("Inf") or value == Decimal("-Inf"): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) sign, digittuple, exponent = value.as_tuple() decimals = abs(exponent) # digittuple doesn't include any leading zeros. digits = len(digittuple) if decimals > digits: # We have leading zeros up to or past the decimal point. Count # everything past the decimal point as a digit. We do not count # 0 before the decimal point as a digit since that would mean # we would not allow max_digits = decimal_places. digits = decimals whole_digits = digits - decimals if self.max_digits is not None and digits > self.max_digits: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['max_digits'] % self.max_digits) if self.decimal_places is not None and decimals > self.decimal_places: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['max_decimal_places'] % self.decimal_places) if self.max_digits is not None and self.decimal_places is not None and whole_digits > (self.max_digits - self.decimal_places): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['max_whole_digits'] % (self.max_digits - self.decimal_places)) return value class DateField(Field): widget = DateInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid date.'), } def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs): super(DateField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.input_formats = input_formats def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the input can be converted to a date. Returns a Python datetime.date object. """ if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): return value.date() if isinstance(value, datetime.date): return value for format in self.input_formats or formats.get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS'): try: return datetime.date(*time.strptime(value, format)[:3]) except ValueError: continue raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) class TimeField(Field): widget = TimeInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid time.') } def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs): super(TimeField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.input_formats = input_formats def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the input can be converted to a time. Returns a Python datetime.time object. """ if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if isinstance(value, datetime.time): return value for format in self.input_formats or formats.get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS'): try: return datetime.time(*time.strptime(value, format)[3:6]) except ValueError: continue raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) class DateTimeField(Field): widget = DateTimeInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid date/time.'), } def __init__(self, input_formats=None, *args, **kwargs): super(DateTimeField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.input_formats = input_formats def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the input can be converted to a datetime. Returns a Python datetime.datetime object. """ if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): return value if isinstance(value, datetime.date): return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day) if isinstance(value, list): # Input comes from a SplitDateTimeWidget, for example. So, it's two # components: date and time. if len(value) != 2: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) if value[0] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES and value[1] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None value = '%s %s' % tuple(value) for format in self.input_formats or formats.get_format('DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS'): try: return datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(value, format)[:6]) except ValueError: continue raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) class RegexField(CharField): def __init__(self, regex, max_length=None, min_length=None, error_message=None, *args, **kwargs): """ regex can be either a string or a compiled regular expression object. error_message is an optional error message to use, if 'Enter a valid value' is too generic for you. """ # error_message is just kept for backwards compatibility: if error_message: error_messages = kwargs.get('error_messages') or {} error_messages['invalid'] = error_message kwargs['error_messages'] = error_messages super(RegexField, self).__init__(max_length, min_length, *args, **kwargs) if isinstance(regex, basestring): regex = re.compile(regex) self.regex = regex self.validators.append(validators.RegexValidator(regex=regex)) class EmailField(CharField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid e-mail address.'), } default_validators = [validators.validate_email] def clean(self, value): value = self.to_python(value).strip() return super(EmailField, self).clean(value) class FileField(Field): widget = ClearableFileInput default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u"No file was submitted. Check the encoding type on the form."), 'missing': _(u"No file was submitted."), 'empty': _(u"The submitted file is empty."), 'max_length': _(u'Ensure this filename has at most %(max)d characters (it has %(length)d).'), 'contradiction': _(u'Please either submit a file or check the clear checkbox, not both.') } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.max_length = kwargs.pop('max_length', None) super(FileField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def to_python(self, data): if data in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return None # UploadedFile objects should have name and size attributes. try: file_name = data.name file_size = data.size except AttributeError: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) if self.max_length is not None and len(file_name) > self.max_length: error_values = {'max': self.max_length, 'length': len(file_name)} raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['max_length'] % error_values) if not file_name: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) if not file_size: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['empty']) return data def clean(self, data, initial=None): # If the widget got contradictory inputs, we raise a validation error if data is FILE_INPUT_CONTRADICTION: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['contradiction']) # False means the field value should be cleared; further validation is # not needed. if data is False: if not self.required: return False # If the field is required, clearing is not possible (the widget # shouldn't return False data in that case anyway). False is not # in validators.EMPTY_VALUES; if a False value makes it this far # it should be validated from here on out as None (so it will be # caught by the required check). data = None if not data and initial: return initial return super(FileField, self).clean(data) def bound_data(self, data, initial): if data in (None, FILE_INPUT_CONTRADICTION): return initial return data class ImageField(FileField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid_image': _(u"Upload a valid image. The file you uploaded was either not an image or a corrupted image."), } def to_python(self, data): """ Checks that the file-upload field data contains a valid image (GIF, JPG, PNG, possibly others -- whatever the Python Imaging Library supports). """ f = super(ImageField, self).to_python(data) if f is None: return None # Try to import PIL in either of the two ways it can end up installed. try: from PIL import Image except ImportError: import Image # We need to get a file object for PIL. We might have a path or we might # have to read the data into memory. if hasattr(data, 'temporary_file_path'): file = data.temporary_file_path() else: if hasattr(data, 'read'): file = StringIO(data.read()) else: file = StringIO(data['content']) try: # load() is the only method that can spot a truncated JPEG, # but it cannot be called sanely after verify() trial_image = Image.open(file) trial_image.load() # Since we're about to use the file again we have to reset the # file object if possible. if hasattr(file, 'reset'): file.reset() # verify() is the only method that can spot a corrupt PNG, # but it must be called immediately after the constructor trial_image = Image.open(file) trial_image.verify() except ImportError: # Under PyPy, it is possible to import PIL. However, the underlying # _imaging C module isn't available, so an ImportError will be # raised. Catch and re-raise. raise except Exception: # Python Imaging Library doesn't recognize it as an image raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_image']) if hasattr(f, 'seek') and callable(f.seek): f.seek(0) return f class URLField(CharField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid URL.'), 'invalid_link': _(u'This URL appears to be a broken link.'), } def __init__(self, max_length=None, min_length=None, verify_exists=False, validator_user_agent=validators.URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT, *args, **kwargs): super(URLField, self).__init__(max_length, min_length, *args, **kwargs) self.validators.append(validators.URLValidator(verify_exists=verify_exists, validator_user_agent=validator_user_agent)) def to_python(self, value): if value: url_fields = list(urlparse.urlsplit(value)) if not url_fields[0]: # If no URL scheme given, assume http:// url_fields[0] = 'http' if not url_fields[1]: # Assume that if no domain is provided, that the path segment # contains the domain. url_fields[1] = url_fields[2] url_fields[2] = '' # Rebuild the url_fields list, since the domain segment may now # contain the path too. value = urlparse.urlunsplit(url_fields) url_fields = list(urlparse.urlsplit(value)) if not url_fields[2]: # the path portion may need to be added before query params url_fields[2] = '/' value = urlparse.urlunsplit(url_fields) return super(URLField, self).to_python(value) class BooleanField(Field): widget = CheckboxInput def to_python(self, value): """Returns a Python boolean object.""" # Explicitly check for the string 'False', which is what a hidden field # will submit for False. Also check for '0', since this is what # RadioSelect will provide. Because bool("True") == bool('1') == True, # we don't need to handle that explicitly. if value in ('False', '0'): value = False else: value = bool(value) value = super(BooleanField, self).to_python(value) if not value and self.required: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) return value class NullBooleanField(BooleanField): """ A field whose valid values are None, True and False. Invalid values are cleaned to None. """ widget = NullBooleanSelect def to_python(self, value): """ Explicitly checks for the string 'True' and 'False', which is what a hidden field will submit for True and False, and for '1' and '0', which is what a RadioField will submit. Unlike the Booleanfield we need to explicitly check for True, because we are not using the bool() function """ if value in (True, 'True', '1'): return True elif value in (False, 'False', '0'): return False else: return None def validate(self, value): pass class ChoiceField(Field): widget = Select default_error_messages = { 'invalid_choice': _(u'Select a valid choice. %(value)s is not one of the available choices.'), } def __init__(self, choices=(), required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None, *args, **kwargs): super(ChoiceField, self).__init__(required=required, widget=widget, label=label, initial=initial, help_text=help_text, *args, **kwargs) self.choices = choices def _get_choices(self): return self._choices def _set_choices(self, value): # Setting choices also sets the choices on the widget. # choices can be any iterable, but we call list() on it because # it will be consumed more than once. self._choices = self.widget.choices = list(value) choices = property(_get_choices, _set_choices) def to_python(self, value): "Returns a Unicode object." if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return u'' return smart_unicode(value) def validate(self, value): """ Validates that the input is in self.choices. """ super(ChoiceField, self).validate(value) if value and not self.valid_value(value): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': value}) def valid_value(self, value): "Check to see if the provided value is a valid choice" for k, v in self.choices: if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)): # This is an optgroup, so look inside the group for options for k2, v2 in v: if value == smart_unicode(k2): return True else: if value == smart_unicode(k): return True return False class TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.coerce = kwargs.pop('coerce', lambda val: val) self.empty_value = kwargs.pop('empty_value', '') super(TypedChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the value is in self.choices and can be coerced to the right type. """ value = super(TypedChoiceField, self).to_python(value) super(TypedChoiceField, self).validate(value) if value == self.empty_value or value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return self.empty_value try: value = self.coerce(value) except (ValueError, TypeError, ValidationError): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': value}) return value def validate(self, value): pass class MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField): hidden_widget = MultipleHiddenInput widget = SelectMultiple default_error_messages = { 'invalid_choice': _(u'Select a valid choice. %(value)s is not one of the available choices.'), 'invalid_list': _(u'Enter a list of values.'), } def to_python(self, value): if not value: return [] elif not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_list']) return [smart_unicode(val) for val in value] def validate(self, value): """ Validates that the input is a list or tuple. """ if self.required and not value: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) # Validate that each value in the value list is in self.choices. for val in value: if not self.valid_value(val): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': val}) class TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.coerce = kwargs.pop('coerce', lambda val: val) self.empty_value = kwargs.pop('empty_value', []) super(TypedMultipleChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def to_python(self, value): """ Validates that the values are in self.choices and can be coerced to the right type. """ value = super(TypedMultipleChoiceField, self).to_python(value) super(TypedMultipleChoiceField, self).validate(value) if value == self.empty_value or value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return self.empty_value new_value = [] for choice in value: try: new_value.append(self.coerce(choice)) except (ValueError, TypeError, ValidationError): raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': choice}) return new_value def validate(self, value): pass class ComboField(Field): """ A Field whose clean() method calls multiple Field clean() methods. """ def __init__(self, fields=(), *args, **kwargs): super(ComboField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # Set 'required' to False on the individual fields, because the # required validation will be handled by ComboField, not by those # individual fields. for f in fields: f.required = False self.fields = fields def clean(self, value): """ Validates the given value against all of self.fields, which is a list of Field instances. """ super(ComboField, self).clean(value) for field in self.fields: value = field.clean(value) return value class MultiValueField(Field): """ A Field that aggregates the logic of multiple Fields. Its clean() method takes a "decompressed" list of values, which are then cleaned into a single value according to self.fields. Each value in this list is cleaned by the corresponding field -- the first value is cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is "compressed" into a single value. Subclasses should not have to implement clean(). Instead, they must implement compress(), which takes a list of valid values and returns a "compressed" version of those values -- a single value. You'll probably want to use this with MultiWidget. """ default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a list of values.'), } def __init__(self, fields=(), *args, **kwargs): super(MultiValueField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # Set 'required' to False on the individual fields, because the # required validation will be handled by MultiValueField, not by those # individual fields. for f in fields: f.required = False self.fields = fields def validate(self, value): pass def clean(self, value): """ Validates every value in the given list. A value is validated against the corresponding Field in self.fields. For example, if this MultiValueField was instantiated with fields=(DateField(), TimeField()), clean() would call DateField.clean(value[0]) and TimeField.clean(value[1]). """ clean_data = [] errors = ErrorList() if not value or isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): if not value or not [v for v in value if v not in validators.EMPTY_VALUES]: if self.required: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) else: return self.compress([]) else: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) for i, field in enumerate(self.fields): try: field_value = value[i] except IndexError: field_value = None if self.required and field_value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required']) try: clean_data.append(field.clean(field_value)) except ValidationError, e: # Collect all validation errors in a single list, which we'll # raise at the end of clean(), rather than raising a single # exception for the first error we encounter. errors.extend(e.messages) if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) out = self.compress(clean_data) self.validate(out) return out def compress(self, data_list): """ Returns a single value for the given list of values. The values can be assumed to be valid. For example, if this MultiValueField was instantiated with fields=(DateField(), TimeField()), this might return a datetime object created by combining the date and time in data_list. """ raise NotImplementedError('Subclasses must implement this method.') class FilePathField(ChoiceField): def __init__(self, path, match=None, recursive=False, required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=None, *args, **kwargs): self.path, self.match, self.recursive = path, match, recursive super(FilePathField, self).__init__(choices=(), required=required, widget=widget, label=label, initial=initial, help_text=help_text, *args, **kwargs) if self.required: self.choices = [] else: self.choices = [("", "---------")] if self.match is not None: self.match_re = re.compile(self.match) if recursive: for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk(self.path)): for f in files: if self.match is None or self.match_re.search(f): f = os.path.join(root, f) self.choices.append((f, f.replace(path, "", 1))) else: try: for f in sorted(os.listdir(self.path)): full_file = os.path.join(self.path, f) if os.path.isfile(full_file) and (self.match is None or self.match_re.search(f)): self.choices.append((full_file, f)) except OSError: pass self.widget.choices = self.choices class SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField): widget = SplitDateTimeWidget hidden_widget = SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget default_error_messages = { 'invalid_date': _(u'Enter a valid date.'), 'invalid_time': _(u'Enter a valid time.'), } def __init__(self, input_date_formats=None, input_time_formats=None, *args, **kwargs): errors = self.default_error_messages.copy() if 'error_messages' in kwargs: errors.update(kwargs['error_messages']) localize = kwargs.get('localize', False) fields = ( DateField(input_formats=input_date_formats, error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_date']}, localize=localize), TimeField(input_formats=input_time_formats, error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_time']}, localize=localize), ) super(SplitDateTimeField, self).__init__(fields, *args, **kwargs) def compress(self, data_list): if data_list: # Raise a validation error if time or date is empty # (possible if SplitDateTimeField has required=False). if data_list[0] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_date']) if data_list[1] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_time']) return datetime.datetime.combine(*data_list) return None class IPAddressField(CharField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid IPv4 address.'), } default_validators = [validators.validate_ipv4_address] class SlugField(CharField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u"Enter a valid 'slug' consisting of letters, numbers," u" underscores or hyphens."), } default_validators = [validators.validate_slug]
Python
from django.utils.html import conditional_escape from django.utils.encoding import StrAndUnicode, force_unicode from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe # Import ValidationError so that it can be imported from this # module to maintain backwards compatibility. from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError def flatatt(attrs): """ Convert a dictionary of attributes to a single string. The returned string will contain a leading space followed by key="value", XML-style pairs. It is assumed that the keys do not need to be XML-escaped. If the passed dictionary is empty, then return an empty string. """ return u''.join([u' %s="%s"' % (k, conditional_escape(v)) for k, v in attrs.items()]) class ErrorDict(dict, StrAndUnicode): """ A collection of errors that knows how to display itself in various formats. The dictionary keys are the field names, and the values are the errors. """ def __unicode__(self): return self.as_ul() def as_ul(self): if not self: return u'' return mark_safe(u'<ul class="errorlist">%s</ul>' % ''.join([u'<li>%s%s</li>' % (k, force_unicode(v)) for k, v in self.items()])) def as_text(self): return u'\n'.join([u'* %s\n%s' % (k, u'\n'.join([u' * %s' % force_unicode(i) for i in v])) for k, v in self.items()]) class ErrorList(list, StrAndUnicode): """ A collection of errors that knows how to display itself in various formats. """ def __unicode__(self): return self.as_ul() def as_ul(self): if not self: return u'' return mark_safe(u'<ul class="errorlist">%s</ul>' % ''.join([u'<li>%s</li>' % conditional_escape(force_unicode(e)) for e in self])) def as_text(self): if not self: return u'' return u'\n'.join([u'* %s' % force_unicode(e) for e in self]) def __repr__(self): return repr([force_unicode(e) for e in self])
Python
""" HTML Widget classes """ import datetime from itertools import chain import time from urlparse import urljoin from util import flatatt import django.utils.copycompat as copy from django.conf import settings from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict, MergeDict from django.utils.html import escape, conditional_escape from django.utils.translation import ugettext, ugettext_lazy from django.utils.encoding import StrAndUnicode, force_unicode from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.utils import datetime_safe, formats __all__ = ( 'Media', 'MediaDefiningClass', 'Widget', 'TextInput', 'PasswordInput', 'HiddenInput', 'MultipleHiddenInput', 'ClearableFileInput', 'FileInput', 'DateInput', 'DateTimeInput', 'TimeInput', 'Textarea', 'CheckboxInput', 'Select', 'NullBooleanSelect', 'SelectMultiple', 'RadioSelect', 'CheckboxSelectMultiple', 'MultiWidget', 'SplitDateTimeWidget', ) MEDIA_TYPES = ('css','js') class Media(StrAndUnicode): def __init__(self, media=None, **kwargs): if media: media_attrs = media.__dict__ else: media_attrs = kwargs self._css = {} self._js = [] for name in MEDIA_TYPES: getattr(self, 'add_' + name)(media_attrs.get(name, None)) # Any leftover attributes must be invalid. # if media_attrs != {}: # raise TypeError("'class Media' has invalid attribute(s): %s" % ','.join(media_attrs.keys())) def __unicode__(self): return self.render() def render(self): return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(chain(*[getattr(self, 'render_' + name)() for name in MEDIA_TYPES]))) def render_js(self): return [u'<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>' % self.absolute_path(path) for path in self._js] def render_css(self): # To keep rendering order consistent, we can't just iterate over items(). # We need to sort the keys, and iterate over the sorted list. media = self._css.keys() media.sort() return chain(*[ [u'<link href="%s" type="text/css" media="%s" rel="stylesheet" />' % (self.absolute_path(path), medium) for path in self._css[medium]] for medium in media]) def absolute_path(self, path, prefix=None): if path.startswith(u'http://') or path.startswith(u'https://') or path.startswith(u'/'): return path if prefix is None: if settings.STATIC_URL is None: # backwards compatibility prefix = settings.MEDIA_URL else: prefix = settings.STATIC_URL return urljoin(prefix, path) def __getitem__(self, name): "Returns a Media object that only contains media of the given type" if name in MEDIA_TYPES: return Media(**{str(name): getattr(self, '_' + name)}) raise KeyError('Unknown media type "%s"' % name) def add_js(self, data): if data: for path in data: if path not in self._js: self._js.append(path) def add_css(self, data): if data: for medium, paths in data.items(): for path in paths: if not self._css.get(medium) or path not in self._css[medium]: self._css.setdefault(medium, []).append(path) def __add__(self, other): combined = Media() for name in MEDIA_TYPES: getattr(combined, 'add_' + name)(getattr(self, '_' + name, None)) getattr(combined, 'add_' + name)(getattr(other, '_' + name, None)) return combined def media_property(cls): def _media(self): # Get the media property of the superclass, if it exists if hasattr(super(cls, self), 'media'): base = super(cls, self).media else: base = Media() # Get the media definition for this class definition = getattr(cls, 'Media', None) if definition: extend = getattr(definition, 'extend', True) if extend: if extend == True: m = base else: m = Media() for medium in extend: m = m + base[medium] return m + Media(definition) else: return Media(definition) else: return base return property(_media) class MediaDefiningClass(type): "Metaclass for classes that can have media definitions" def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): new_class = super(MediaDefiningClass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) if 'media' not in attrs: new_class.media = media_property(new_class) return new_class class Widget(object): __metaclass__ = MediaDefiningClass is_hidden = False # Determines whether this corresponds to an <input type="hidden">. needs_multipart_form = False # Determines does this widget need multipart-encrypted form is_localized = False is_required = False def __init__(self, attrs=None): if attrs is not None: self.attrs = attrs.copy() else: self.attrs = {} def __deepcopy__(self, memo): obj = copy.copy(self) obj.attrs = self.attrs.copy() memo[id(self)] = obj return obj def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): """ Returns this Widget rendered as HTML, as a Unicode string. The 'value' given is not guaranteed to be valid input, so subclass implementations should program defensively. """ raise NotImplementedError def build_attrs(self, extra_attrs=None, **kwargs): "Helper function for building an attribute dictionary." attrs = dict(self.attrs, **kwargs) if extra_attrs: attrs.update(extra_attrs) return attrs def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): """ Given a dictionary of data and this widget's name, returns the value of this widget. Returns None if it's not provided. """ return data.get(name, None) def _has_changed(self, initial, data): """ Return True if data differs from initial. """ # For purposes of seeing whether something has changed, None is # the same as an empty string, if the data or inital value we get # is None, replace it w/ u''. if data is None: data_value = u'' else: data_value = data if initial is None: initial_value = u'' else: initial_value = initial if force_unicode(initial_value) != force_unicode(data_value): return True return False def id_for_label(self, id_): """ Returns the HTML ID attribute of this Widget for use by a <label>, given the ID of the field. Returns None if no ID is available. This hook is necessary because some widgets have multiple HTML elements and, thus, multiple IDs. In that case, this method should return an ID value that corresponds to the first ID in the widget's tags. """ return id_ id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label) class Input(Widget): """ Base class for all <input> widgets (except type='checkbox' and type='radio', which are special). """ input_type = None # Subclasses must define this. def _format_value(self, value): if self.is_localized: return formats.localize_input(value) return value def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type=self.input_type, name=name) if value != '': # Only add the 'value' attribute if a value is non-empty. final_attrs['value'] = force_unicode(self._format_value(value)) return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs)) class TextInput(Input): input_type = 'text' class PasswordInput(Input): input_type = 'password' def __init__(self, attrs=None, render_value=False): super(PasswordInput, self).__init__(attrs) self.render_value = render_value def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if not self.render_value: value=None return super(PasswordInput, self).render(name, value, attrs) class HiddenInput(Input): input_type = 'hidden' is_hidden = True class MultipleHiddenInput(HiddenInput): """ A widget that handles <input type="hidden"> for fields that have a list of values. """ def __init__(self, attrs=None, choices=()): super(MultipleHiddenInput, self).__init__(attrs) # choices can be any iterable self.choices = choices def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): if value is None: value = [] final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type=self.input_type, name=name) id_ = final_attrs.get('id', None) inputs = [] for i, v in enumerate(value): input_attrs = dict(value=force_unicode(v), **final_attrs) if id_: # An ID attribute was given. Add a numeric index as a suffix # so that the inputs don't all have the same ID attribute. input_attrs['id'] = '%s_%s' % (id_, i) inputs.append(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(input_attrs)) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(inputs)) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): if isinstance(data, (MultiValueDict, MergeDict)): return data.getlist(name) return data.get(name, None) class FileInput(Input): input_type = 'file' needs_multipart_form = True def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): return super(FileInput, self).render(name, None, attrs=attrs) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): "File widgets take data from FILES, not POST" return files.get(name, None) def _has_changed(self, initial, data): if data is None: return False return True FILE_INPUT_CONTRADICTION = object() class ClearableFileInput(FileInput): initial_text = ugettext_lazy('Currently') input_text = ugettext_lazy('Change') clear_checkbox_label = ugettext_lazy('Clear') template_with_initial = u'%(initial_text)s: %(initial)s %(clear_template)s<br />%(input_text)s: %(input)s' template_with_clear = u'%(clear)s <label for="%(clear_checkbox_id)s">%(clear_checkbox_label)s</label>' def clear_checkbox_name(self, name): """ Given the name of the file input, return the name of the clear checkbox input. """ return name + '-clear' def clear_checkbox_id(self, name): """ Given the name of the clear checkbox input, return the HTML id for it. """ return name + '_id' def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): substitutions = { 'initial_text': self.initial_text, 'input_text': self.input_text, 'clear_template': '', 'clear_checkbox_label': self.clear_checkbox_label, } template = u'%(input)s' substitutions['input'] = super(ClearableFileInput, self).render(name, value, attrs) if value and hasattr(value, "url"): template = self.template_with_initial substitutions['initial'] = (u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (escape(value.url), escape(force_unicode(value)))) if not self.is_required: checkbox_name = self.clear_checkbox_name(name) checkbox_id = self.clear_checkbox_id(checkbox_name) substitutions['clear_checkbox_name'] = conditional_escape(checkbox_name) substitutions['clear_checkbox_id'] = conditional_escape(checkbox_id) substitutions['clear'] = CheckboxInput().render(checkbox_name, False, attrs={'id': checkbox_id}) substitutions['clear_template'] = self.template_with_clear % substitutions return mark_safe(template % substitutions) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): upload = super(ClearableFileInput, self).value_from_datadict(data, files, name) if not self.is_required and CheckboxInput().value_from_datadict( data, files, self.clear_checkbox_name(name)): if upload: # If the user contradicts themselves (uploads a new file AND # checks the "clear" checkbox), we return a unique marker # object that FileField will turn into a ValidationError. return FILE_INPUT_CONTRADICTION # False signals to clear any existing value, as opposed to just None return False return upload class Textarea(Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None): # The 'rows' and 'cols' attributes are required for HTML correctness. default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'} if attrs: default_attrs.update(attrs) super(Textarea, self).__init__(default_attrs) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) return mark_safe(u'<textarea%s>%s</textarea>' % (flatatt(final_attrs), conditional_escape(force_unicode(value)))) class DateInput(Input): input_type = 'text' format = '%Y-%m-%d' # '2006-10-25' def __init__(self, attrs=None, format=None): super(DateInput, self).__init__(attrs) if format: self.format = format self.manual_format = True else: self.format = formats.get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] self.manual_format = False def _format_value(self, value): if self.is_localized and not self.manual_format: return formats.localize_input(value) elif hasattr(value, 'strftime'): value = datetime_safe.new_date(value) return value.strftime(self.format) return value def _has_changed(self, initial, data): # If our field has show_hidden_initial=True, initial will be a string # formatted by HiddenInput using formats.localize_input, which is not # necessarily the format used for this widget. Attempt to convert it. try: input_format = formats.get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] initial = datetime.date(*time.strptime(initial, input_format)[:3]) except (TypeError, ValueError): pass return super(DateInput, self)._has_changed(self._format_value(initial), data) class DateTimeInput(Input): input_type = 'text' format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' # '2006-10-25 14:30:59' def __init__(self, attrs=None, format=None): super(DateTimeInput, self).__init__(attrs) if format: self.format = format self.manual_format = True else: self.format = formats.get_format('DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] self.manual_format = False def _format_value(self, value): if self.is_localized and not self.manual_format: return formats.localize_input(value) elif hasattr(value, 'strftime'): value = datetime_safe.new_datetime(value) return value.strftime(self.format) return value def _has_changed(self, initial, data): # If our field has show_hidden_initial=True, initial will be a string # formatted by HiddenInput using formats.localize_input, which is not # necessarily the format used for this widget. Attempt to convert it. try: input_format = formats.get_format('DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] initial = datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(initial, input_format)[:6]) except (TypeError, ValueError): pass return super(DateTimeInput, self)._has_changed(self._format_value(initial), data) class TimeInput(Input): input_type = 'text' format = '%H:%M:%S' # '14:30:59' def __init__(self, attrs=None, format=None): super(TimeInput, self).__init__(attrs) if format: self.format = format self.manual_format = True else: self.format = formats.get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] self.manual_format = False def _format_value(self, value): if self.is_localized and not self.manual_format: return formats.localize_input(value) elif hasattr(value, 'strftime'): return value.strftime(self.format) return value def _has_changed(self, initial, data): # If our field has show_hidden_initial=True, initial will be a string # formatted by HiddenInput using formats.localize_input, which is not # necessarily the format used for this widget. Attempt to convert it. try: input_format = formats.get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0] initial = datetime.time(*time.strptime(initial, input_format)[3:6]) except (TypeError, ValueError): pass return super(TimeInput, self)._has_changed(self._format_value(initial), data) class CheckboxInput(Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None, check_test=bool): super(CheckboxInput, self).__init__(attrs) # check_test is a callable that takes a value and returns True # if the checkbox should be checked for that value. self.check_test = check_test def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type='checkbox', name=name) try: result = self.check_test(value) except: # Silently catch exceptions result = False if result: final_attrs['checked'] = 'checked' if value not in ('', True, False, None): # Only add the 'value' attribute if a value is non-empty. final_attrs['value'] = force_unicode(value) return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs)) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): if name not in data: # A missing value means False because HTML form submission does not # send results for unselected checkboxes. return False value = data.get(name) # Translate true and false strings to boolean values. values = {'true': True, 'false': False} if isinstance(value, basestring): value = values.get(value.lower(), value) return value def _has_changed(self, initial, data): # Sometimes data or initial could be None or u'' which should be the # same thing as False. return bool(initial) != bool(data) class Select(Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None, choices=()): super(Select, self).__init__(attrs) # choices can be any iterable, but we may need to render this widget # multiple times. Thus, collapse it into a list so it can be consumed # more than once. self.choices = list(choices) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) output = [u'<select%s>' % flatatt(final_attrs)] options = self.render_options(choices, [value]) if options: output.append(options) output.append(u'</select>') return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output)) def render_option(self, selected_choices, option_value, option_label): option_value = force_unicode(option_value) selected_html = (option_value in selected_choices) and u' selected="selected"' or '' return u'<option value="%s"%s>%s</option>' % ( escape(option_value), selected_html, conditional_escape(force_unicode(option_label))) def render_options(self, choices, selected_choices): # Normalize to strings. selected_choices = set([force_unicode(v) for v in selected_choices]) output = [] for option_value, option_label in chain(self.choices, choices): if isinstance(option_label, (list, tuple)): output.append(u'<optgroup label="%s">' % escape(force_unicode(option_value))) for option in option_label: output.append(self.render_option(selected_choices, *option)) output.append(u'</optgroup>') else: output.append(self.render_option(selected_choices, option_value, option_label)) return u'\n'.join(output) class NullBooleanSelect(Select): """ A Select Widget intended to be used with NullBooleanField. """ def __init__(self, attrs=None): choices = ((u'1', ugettext('Unknown')), (u'2', ugettext('Yes')), (u'3', ugettext('No'))) super(NullBooleanSelect, self).__init__(attrs, choices) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): try: value = {True: u'2', False: u'3', u'2': u'2', u'3': u'3'}[value] except KeyError: value = u'1' return super(NullBooleanSelect, self).render(name, value, attrs, choices) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): value = data.get(name, None) return {u'2': True, True: True, 'True': True, u'3': False, 'False': False, False: False}.get(value, None) def _has_changed(self, initial, data): # For a NullBooleanSelect, None (unknown) and False (No) # are not the same if initial is not None: initial = bool(initial) if data is not None: data = bool(data) return initial != data class SelectMultiple(Select): def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): if value is None: value = [] final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) output = [u'<select multiple="multiple"%s>' % flatatt(final_attrs)] options = self.render_options(choices, value) if options: output.append(options) output.append('</select>') return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output)) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): if isinstance(data, (MultiValueDict, MergeDict)): return data.getlist(name) return data.get(name, None) def _has_changed(self, initial, data): if initial is None: initial = [] if data is None: data = [] if len(initial) != len(data): return True initial_set = set([force_unicode(value) for value in initial]) data_set = set([force_unicode(value) for value in data]) return data_set != initial_set class RadioInput(StrAndUnicode): """ An object used by RadioFieldRenderer that represents a single <input type='radio'>. """ def __init__(self, name, value, attrs, choice, index): self.name, self.value = name, value self.attrs = attrs self.choice_value = force_unicode(choice[0]) self.choice_label = force_unicode(choice[1]) self.index = index def __unicode__(self): if 'id' in self.attrs: label_for = ' for="%s_%s"' % (self.attrs['id'], self.index) else: label_for = '' choice_label = conditional_escape(force_unicode(self.choice_label)) return mark_safe(u'<label%s>%s %s</label>' % (label_for, self.tag(), choice_label)) def is_checked(self): return self.value == self.choice_value def tag(self): if 'id' in self.attrs: self.attrs['id'] = '%s_%s' % (self.attrs['id'], self.index) final_attrs = dict(self.attrs, type='radio', name=self.name, value=self.choice_value) if self.is_checked(): final_attrs['checked'] = 'checked' return mark_safe(u'<input%s />' % flatatt(final_attrs)) class RadioFieldRenderer(StrAndUnicode): """ An object used by RadioSelect to enable customization of radio widgets. """ def __init__(self, name, value, attrs, choices): self.name, self.value, self.attrs = name, value, attrs self.choices = choices def __iter__(self): for i, choice in enumerate(self.choices): yield RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, i) def __getitem__(self, idx): choice = self.choices[idx] # Let the IndexError propogate return RadioInput(self.name, self.value, self.attrs.copy(), choice, idx) def __unicode__(self): return self.render() def render(self): """Outputs a <ul> for this set of radio fields.""" return mark_safe(u'<ul>\n%s\n</ul>' % u'\n'.join([u'<li>%s</li>' % force_unicode(w) for w in self])) class RadioSelect(Select): renderer = RadioFieldRenderer def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # Override the default renderer if we were passed one. renderer = kwargs.pop('renderer', None) if renderer: self.renderer = renderer super(RadioSelect, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def get_renderer(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): """Returns an instance of the renderer.""" if value is None: value = '' str_value = force_unicode(value) # Normalize to string. final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs) choices = list(chain(self.choices, choices)) return self.renderer(name, str_value, final_attrs, choices) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): return self.get_renderer(name, value, attrs, choices).render() def id_for_label(self, id_): # RadioSelect is represented by multiple <input type="radio"> fields, # each of which has a distinct ID. The IDs are made distinct by a "_X" # suffix, where X is the zero-based index of the radio field. Thus, # the label for a RadioSelect should reference the first one ('_0'). if id_: id_ += '_0' return id_ id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label) class CheckboxSelectMultiple(SelectMultiple): def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()): if value is None: value = [] has_id = attrs and 'id' in attrs final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) output = [u'<ul>'] # Normalize to strings str_values = set([force_unicode(v) for v in value]) for i, (option_value, option_label) in enumerate(chain(self.choices, choices)): # If an ID attribute was given, add a numeric index as a suffix, # so that the checkboxes don't all have the same ID attribute. if has_id: final_attrs = dict(final_attrs, id='%s_%s' % (attrs['id'], i)) label_for = u' for="%s"' % final_attrs['id'] else: label_for = '' cb = CheckboxInput(final_attrs, check_test=lambda value: value in str_values) option_value = force_unicode(option_value) rendered_cb = cb.render(name, option_value) option_label = conditional_escape(force_unicode(option_label)) output.append(u'<li><label%s>%s %s</label></li>' % (label_for, rendered_cb, option_label)) output.append(u'</ul>') return mark_safe(u'\n'.join(output)) def id_for_label(self, id_): # See the comment for RadioSelect.id_for_label() if id_: id_ += '_0' return id_ id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label) class MultiWidget(Widget): """ A widget that is composed of multiple widgets. Its render() method is different than other widgets', because it has to figure out how to split a single value for display in multiple widgets. The ``value`` argument can be one of two things: * A list. * A normal value (e.g., a string) that has been "compressed" from a list of values. In the second case -- i.e., if the value is NOT a list -- render() will first "decompress" the value into a list before rendering it. It does so by calling the decompress() method, which MultiWidget subclasses must implement. This method takes a single "compressed" value and returns a list. When render() does its HTML rendering, each value in the list is rendered with the corresponding widget -- the first value is rendered in the first widget, the second value is rendered in the second widget, etc. Subclasses may implement format_output(), which takes the list of rendered widgets and returns a string of HTML that formats them any way you'd like. You'll probably want to use this class with MultiValueField. """ def __init__(self, widgets, attrs=None): self.widgets = [isinstance(w, type) and w() or w for w in widgets] super(MultiWidget, self).__init__(attrs) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if self.is_localized: for widget in self.widgets: widget.is_localized = self.is_localized # value is a list of values, each corresponding to a widget # in self.widgets. if not isinstance(value, list): value = self.decompress(value) output = [] final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs) id_ = final_attrs.get('id', None) for i, widget in enumerate(self.widgets): try: widget_value = value[i] except IndexError: widget_value = None if id_: final_attrs = dict(final_attrs, id='%s_%s' % (id_, i)) output.append(widget.render(name + '_%s' % i, widget_value, final_attrs)) return mark_safe(self.format_output(output)) def id_for_label(self, id_): # See the comment for RadioSelect.id_for_label() if id_: id_ += '_0' return id_ id_for_label = classmethod(id_for_label) def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name): return [widget.value_from_datadict(data, files, name + '_%s' % i) for i, widget in enumerate(self.widgets)] def _has_changed(self, initial, data): if initial is None: initial = [u'' for x in range(0, len(data))] else: if not isinstance(initial, list): initial = self.decompress(initial) for widget, initial, data in zip(self.widgets, initial, data): if widget._has_changed(initial, data): return True return False def format_output(self, rendered_widgets): """ Given a list of rendered widgets (as strings), returns a Unicode string representing the HTML for the whole lot. This hook allows you to format the HTML design of the widgets, if needed. """ return u''.join(rendered_widgets) def decompress(self, value): """ Returns a list of decompressed values for the given compressed value. The given value can be assumed to be valid, but not necessarily non-empty. """ raise NotImplementedError('Subclasses must implement this method.') def _get_media(self): "Media for a multiwidget is the combination of all media of the subwidgets" media = Media() for w in self.widgets: media = media + w.media return media media = property(_get_media) def __deepcopy__(self, memo): obj = super(MultiWidget, self).__deepcopy__(memo) obj.widgets = copy.deepcopy(self.widgets) return obj class SplitDateTimeWidget(MultiWidget): """ A Widget that splits datetime input into two <input type="text"> boxes. """ date_format = DateInput.format time_format = TimeInput.format def __init__(self, attrs=None, date_format=None, time_format=None): widgets = (DateInput(attrs=attrs, format=date_format), TimeInput(attrs=attrs, format=time_format)) super(SplitDateTimeWidget, self).__init__(widgets, attrs) def decompress(self, value): if value: return [value.date(), value.time().replace(microsecond=0)] return [None, None] class SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget(SplitDateTimeWidget): """ A Widget that splits datetime input into two <input type="hidden"> inputs. """ is_hidden = True def __init__(self, attrs=None, date_format=None, time_format=None): super(SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget, self).__init__(attrs, date_format, time_format) for widget in self.widgets: widget.input_type = 'hidden' widget.is_hidden = True
Python
""" Django validation and HTML form handling. TODO: Default value for field Field labels Nestable Forms FatalValidationError -- short-circuits all other validators on a form ValidationWarning "This form field requires foo.js" and form.js_includes() """ from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from widgets import * from fields import * from forms import * from models import *
Python
from forms import Form from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.utils.encoding import StrAndUnicode from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from fields import IntegerField, BooleanField from widgets import Media, HiddenInput from util import ErrorList __all__ = ('BaseFormSet', 'all_valid') # special field names TOTAL_FORM_COUNT = 'TOTAL_FORMS' INITIAL_FORM_COUNT = 'INITIAL_FORMS' MAX_NUM_FORM_COUNT = 'MAX_NUM_FORMS' ORDERING_FIELD_NAME = 'ORDER' DELETION_FIELD_NAME = 'DELETE' class ManagementForm(Form): """ ``ManagementForm`` is used to keep track of how many form instances are displayed on the page. If adding new forms via javascript, you should increment the count field of this form as well. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.base_fields[TOTAL_FORM_COUNT] = IntegerField(widget=HiddenInput) self.base_fields[INITIAL_FORM_COUNT] = IntegerField(widget=HiddenInput) self.base_fields[MAX_NUM_FORM_COUNT] = IntegerField(required=False, widget=HiddenInput) super(ManagementForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class BaseFormSet(StrAndUnicode): """ A collection of instances of the same Form class. """ def __init__(self, data=None, files=None, auto_id='id_%s', prefix=None, initial=None, error_class=ErrorList): self.is_bound = data is not None or files is not None self.prefix = prefix or self.get_default_prefix() self.auto_id = auto_id self.data = data or {} self.files = files or {} self.initial = initial self.error_class = error_class self._errors = None self._non_form_errors = None # construct the forms in the formset self._construct_forms() def __unicode__(self): return self.as_table() def __iter__(self): """Yields the forms in the order they should be rendered""" return iter(self.forms) def __getitem__(self, index): """Returns the form at the given index, based on the rendering order""" return list(self)[index] def __len__(self): return len(self.forms) def _management_form(self): """Returns the ManagementForm instance for this FormSet.""" if self.is_bound: form = ManagementForm(self.data, auto_id=self.auto_id, prefix=self.prefix) if not form.is_valid(): raise ValidationError('ManagementForm data is missing or has been tampered with') else: form = ManagementForm(auto_id=self.auto_id, prefix=self.prefix, initial={ TOTAL_FORM_COUNT: self.total_form_count(), INITIAL_FORM_COUNT: self.initial_form_count(), MAX_NUM_FORM_COUNT: self.max_num }) return form management_form = property(_management_form) def total_form_count(self): """Returns the total number of forms in this FormSet.""" if self.is_bound: return self.management_form.cleaned_data[TOTAL_FORM_COUNT] else: initial_forms = self.initial_form_count() total_forms = initial_forms + self.extra # Allow all existing related objects/inlines to be displayed, # but don't allow extra beyond max_num. if initial_forms > self.max_num >= 0: total_forms = initial_forms elif total_forms > self.max_num >= 0: total_forms = self.max_num return total_forms def initial_form_count(self): """Returns the number of forms that are required in this FormSet.""" if self.is_bound: return self.management_form.cleaned_data[INITIAL_FORM_COUNT] else: # Use the length of the inital data if it's there, 0 otherwise. initial_forms = self.initial and len(self.initial) or 0 if initial_forms > self.max_num >= 0: initial_forms = self.max_num return initial_forms def _construct_forms(self): # instantiate all the forms and put them in self.forms self.forms = [] for i in xrange(self.total_form_count()): self.forms.append(self._construct_form(i)) def _construct_form(self, i, **kwargs): """ Instantiates and returns the i-th form instance in a formset. """ defaults = {'auto_id': self.auto_id, 'prefix': self.add_prefix(i)} if self.is_bound: defaults['data'] = self.data defaults['files'] = self.files if self.initial: try: defaults['initial'] = self.initial[i] except IndexError: pass # Allow extra forms to be empty. if i >= self.initial_form_count(): defaults['empty_permitted'] = True defaults.update(kwargs) form = self.form(**defaults) self.add_fields(form, i) return form def _get_initial_forms(self): """Return a list of all the initial forms in this formset.""" return self.forms[:self.initial_form_count()] initial_forms = property(_get_initial_forms) def _get_extra_forms(self): """Return a list of all the extra forms in this formset.""" return self.forms[self.initial_form_count():] extra_forms = property(_get_extra_forms) def _get_empty_form(self, **kwargs): defaults = { 'auto_id': self.auto_id, 'prefix': self.add_prefix('__prefix__'), 'empty_permitted': True, } defaults.update(kwargs) form = self.form(**defaults) self.add_fields(form, None) return form empty_form = property(_get_empty_form) # Maybe this should just go away? def _get_cleaned_data(self): """ Returns a list of form.cleaned_data dicts for every form in self.forms. """ if not self.is_valid(): raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute 'cleaned_data'" % self.__class__.__name__) return [form.cleaned_data for form in self.forms] cleaned_data = property(_get_cleaned_data) def _get_deleted_forms(self): """ Returns a list of forms that have been marked for deletion. Raises an AttributeError if deletion is not allowed. """ if not self.is_valid() or not self.can_delete: raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute 'deleted_forms'" % self.__class__.__name__) # construct _deleted_form_indexes which is just a list of form indexes # that have had their deletion widget set to True if not hasattr(self, '_deleted_form_indexes'): self._deleted_form_indexes = [] for i in range(0, self.total_form_count()): form = self.forms[i] # if this is an extra form and hasn't changed, don't consider it if i >= self.initial_form_count() and not form.has_changed(): continue if self._should_delete_form(form): self._deleted_form_indexes.append(i) return [self.forms[i] for i in self._deleted_form_indexes] deleted_forms = property(_get_deleted_forms) def _get_ordered_forms(self): """ Returns a list of form in the order specified by the incoming data. Raises an AttributeError if ordering is not allowed. """ if not self.is_valid() or not self.can_order: raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute 'ordered_forms'" % self.__class__.__name__) # Construct _ordering, which is a list of (form_index, order_field_value) # tuples. After constructing this list, we'll sort it by order_field_value # so we have a way to get to the form indexes in the order specified # by the form data. if not hasattr(self, '_ordering'): self._ordering = [] for i in range(0, self.total_form_count()): form = self.forms[i] # if this is an extra form and hasn't changed, don't consider it if i >= self.initial_form_count() and not form.has_changed(): continue # don't add data marked for deletion to self.ordered_data if self.can_delete and self._should_delete_form(form): continue self._ordering.append((i, form.cleaned_data[ORDERING_FIELD_NAME])) # After we're done populating self._ordering, sort it. # A sort function to order things numerically ascending, but # None should be sorted below anything else. Allowing None as # a comparison value makes it so we can leave ordering fields # blank. def compare_ordering_key(k): if k[1] is None: return (1, 0) # +infinity, larger than any number return (0, k[1]) self._ordering.sort(key=compare_ordering_key) # Return a list of form.cleaned_data dicts in the order spcified by # the form data. return [self.forms[i[0]] for i in self._ordering] ordered_forms = property(_get_ordered_forms) #@classmethod def get_default_prefix(cls): return 'form' get_default_prefix = classmethod(get_default_prefix) def non_form_errors(self): """ Returns an ErrorList of errors that aren't associated with a particular form -- i.e., from formset.clean(). Returns an empty ErrorList if there are none. """ if self._non_form_errors is not None: return self._non_form_errors return self.error_class() def _get_errors(self): """ Returns a list of form.errors for every form in self.forms. """ if self._errors is None: self.full_clean() return self._errors errors = property(_get_errors) def _should_delete_form(self, form): # The way we lookup the value of the deletion field here takes # more code than we'd like, but the form's cleaned_data will # not exist if the form is invalid. field = form.fields[DELETION_FIELD_NAME] raw_value = form._raw_value(DELETION_FIELD_NAME) should_delete = field.clean(raw_value) return should_delete def is_valid(self): """ Returns True if form.errors is empty for every form in self.forms. """ if not self.is_bound: return False # We loop over every form.errors here rather than short circuiting on the # first failure to make sure validation gets triggered for every form. forms_valid = True err = self.errors for i in range(0, self.total_form_count()): form = self.forms[i] if self.can_delete: if self._should_delete_form(form): # This form is going to be deleted so any of its errors # should not cause the entire formset to be invalid. continue if bool(self.errors[i]): forms_valid = False return forms_valid and not bool(self.non_form_errors()) def full_clean(self): """ Cleans all of self.data and populates self._errors. """ self._errors = [] if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing. return for i in range(0, self.total_form_count()): form = self.forms[i] self._errors.append(form.errors) # Give self.clean() a chance to do cross-form validation. try: self.clean() except ValidationError, e: self._non_form_errors = self.error_class(e.messages) def clean(self): """ Hook for doing any extra formset-wide cleaning after Form.clean() has been called on every form. Any ValidationError raised by this method will not be associated with a particular form; it will be accesible via formset.non_form_errors() """ pass def add_fields(self, form, index): """A hook for adding extra fields on to each form instance.""" if self.can_order: # Only pre-fill the ordering field for initial forms. if index is not None and index < self.initial_form_count(): form.fields[ORDERING_FIELD_NAME] = IntegerField(label=_(u'Order'), initial=index+1, required=False) else: form.fields[ORDERING_FIELD_NAME] = IntegerField(label=_(u'Order'), required=False) if self.can_delete: form.fields[DELETION_FIELD_NAME] = BooleanField(label=_(u'Delete'), required=False) def add_prefix(self, index): return '%s-%s' % (self.prefix, index) def is_multipart(self): """ Returns True if the formset needs to be multipart-encrypted, i.e. it has FileInput. Otherwise, False. """ return self.forms and self.forms[0].is_multipart() def _get_media(self): # All the forms on a FormSet are the same, so you only need to # interrogate the first form for media. if self.forms: return self.forms[0].media else: return Media() media = property(_get_media) def as_table(self): "Returns this formset rendered as HTML <tr>s -- excluding the <table></table>." # XXX: there is no semantic division between forms here, there # probably should be. It might make sense to render each form as a # table row with each field as a td. forms = u' '.join([form.as_table() for form in self]) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join([unicode(self.management_form), forms])) def as_p(self): "Returns this formset rendered as HTML <p>s." forms = u' '.join([form.as_p() for form in self]) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join([unicode(self.management_form), forms])) def as_ul(self): "Returns this formset rendered as HTML <li>s." forms = u' '.join([form.as_ul() for form in self]) return mark_safe(u'\n'.join([unicode(self.management_form), forms])) def formset_factory(form, formset=BaseFormSet, extra=1, can_order=False, can_delete=False, max_num=None): """Return a FormSet for the given form class.""" attrs = {'form': form, 'extra': extra, 'can_order': can_order, 'can_delete': can_delete, 'max_num': max_num} return type(form.__name__ + 'FormSet', (formset,), attrs) def all_valid(formsets): """Returns true if every formset in formsets is valid.""" valid = True for formset in formsets: if not formset.is_valid(): valid = False return valid
Python
VERSION = (1, 3, 1, 'final', 0) def get_version(): version = '%s.%s' % (VERSION[0], VERSION[1]) if VERSION[2]: version = '%s.%s' % (version, VERSION[2]) if VERSION[3:] == ('alpha', 0): version = '%s pre-alpha' % version else: if VERSION[3] != 'final': version = '%s %s %s' % (version, VERSION[3], VERSION[4]) from django.utils.version import get_svn_revision svn_rev = get_svn_revision() if svn_rev != u'SVN-unknown': version = "%s %s" % (version, svn_rev) return version
Python
""" The main QuerySet implementation. This provides the public API for the ORM. """ from itertools import izip from django.db import connections, router, transaction, IntegrityError from django.db.models.aggregates import Aggregate from django.db.models.fields import DateField from django.db.models.query_utils import (Q, select_related_descend, deferred_class_factory, InvalidQuery) from django.db.models.deletion import Collector from django.db.models import signals, sql from django.utils.copycompat import deepcopy # Used to control how many objects are worked with at once in some cases (e.g. # when deleting objects). CHUNK_SIZE = 100 ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = CHUNK_SIZE # The maximum number of items to display in a QuerySet.__repr__ REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE = 20 # Pull into this namespace for backwards compatibility. EmptyResultSet = sql.EmptyResultSet class QuerySet(object): """ Represents a lazy database lookup for a set of objects. """ def __init__(self, model=None, query=None, using=None): self.model = model # EmptyQuerySet instantiates QuerySet with model as None self._db = using self.query = query or sql.Query(self.model) self._result_cache = None self._iter = None self._sticky_filter = False self._for_write = False ######################## # PYTHON MAGIC METHODS # ######################## def __deepcopy__(self, memo): """ Deep copy of a QuerySet doesn't populate the cache """ obj = self.__class__() for k,v in self.__dict__.items(): if k in ('_iter','_result_cache'): obj.__dict__[k] = None else: obj.__dict__[k] = deepcopy(v, memo) return obj def __getstate__(self): """ Allows the QuerySet to be pickled. """ # Force the cache to be fully populated. len(self) obj_dict = self.__dict__.copy() obj_dict['_iter'] = None return obj_dict def __repr__(self): data = list(self[:REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1]) if len(data) > REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE: data[-1] = "...(remaining elements truncated)..." return repr(data) def __len__(self): # Since __len__ is called quite frequently (for example, as part of # list(qs), we make some effort here to be as efficient as possible # whilst not messing up any existing iterators against the QuerySet. if self._result_cache is None: if self._iter: self._result_cache = list(self._iter) else: self._result_cache = list(self.iterator()) elif self._iter: self._result_cache.extend(self._iter) return len(self._result_cache) def __iter__(self): if self._result_cache is None: self._iter = self.iterator() self._result_cache = [] if self._iter: return self._result_iter() # Python's list iterator is better than our version when we're just # iterating over the cache. return iter(self._result_cache) def _result_iter(self): pos = 0 while 1: upper = len(self._result_cache) while pos < upper: yield self._result_cache[pos] pos = pos + 1 if not self._iter: raise StopIteration if len(self._result_cache) <= pos: self._fill_cache() def __nonzero__(self): if self._result_cache is not None: return bool(self._result_cache) try: iter(self).next() except StopIteration: return False return True def __contains__(self, val): # The 'in' operator works without this method, due to __iter__. This # implementation exists only to shortcut the creation of Model # instances, by bailing out early if we find a matching element. pos = 0 if self._result_cache is not None: if val in self._result_cache: return True elif self._iter is None: # iterator is exhausted, so we have our answer return False # remember not to check these again: pos = len(self._result_cache) else: # We need to start filling the result cache out. The following # ensures that self._iter is not None and self._result_cache is not # None it = iter(self) # Carry on, one result at a time. while True: if len(self._result_cache) <= pos: self._fill_cache(num=1) if self._iter is None: # we ran out of items return False if self._result_cache[pos] == val: return True pos += 1 def __getitem__(self, k): """ Retrieves an item or slice from the set of results. """ if not isinstance(k, (slice, int, long)): raise TypeError assert ((not isinstance(k, slice) and (k >= 0)) or (isinstance(k, slice) and (k.start is None or k.start >= 0) and (k.stop is None or k.stop >= 0))), \ "Negative indexing is not supported." if self._result_cache is not None: if self._iter is not None: # The result cache has only been partially populated, so we may # need to fill it out a bit more. if isinstance(k, slice): if k.stop is not None: # Some people insist on passing in strings here. bound = int(k.stop) else: bound = None else: bound = k + 1 if len(self._result_cache) < bound: self._fill_cache(bound - len(self._result_cache)) return self._result_cache[k] if isinstance(k, slice): qs = self._clone() if k.start is not None: start = int(k.start) else: start = None if k.stop is not None: stop = int(k.stop) else: stop = None qs.query.set_limits(start, stop) return k.step and list(qs)[::k.step] or qs try: qs = self._clone() qs.query.set_limits(k, k + 1) return list(qs)[0] except self.model.DoesNotExist, e: raise IndexError(e.args) def __and__(self, other): self._merge_sanity_check(other) if isinstance(other, EmptyQuerySet): return other._clone() combined = self._clone() combined.query.combine(other.query, sql.AND) return combined def __or__(self, other): self._merge_sanity_check(other) combined = self._clone() if isinstance(other, EmptyQuerySet): return combined combined.query.combine(other.query, sql.OR) return combined #################################### # METHODS THAT DO DATABASE QUERIES # #################################### def iterator(self): """ An iterator over the results from applying this QuerySet to the database. """ fill_cache = False if connections[self.db].features.supports_select_related: fill_cache = self.query.select_related if isinstance(fill_cache, dict): requested = fill_cache else: requested = None max_depth = self.query.max_depth extra_select = self.query.extra_select.keys() aggregate_select = self.query.aggregate_select.keys() only_load = self.query.get_loaded_field_names() if not fill_cache: fields = self.model._meta.fields pk_idx = self.model._meta.pk_index() index_start = len(extra_select) aggregate_start = index_start + len(self.model._meta.fields) load_fields = [] # If only/defer clauses have been specified, # build the list of fields that are to be loaded. if only_load: for field, model in self.model._meta.get_fields_with_model(): if model is None: model = self.model if field == self.model._meta.pk: # Record the index of the primary key when it is found pk_idx = len(load_fields) try: if field.name in only_load[model]: # Add a field that has been explicitly included load_fields.append(field.name) except KeyError: # Model wasn't explicitly listed in the only_load table # Therefore, we need to load all fields from this model load_fields.append(field.name) skip = None if load_fields and not fill_cache: # Some fields have been deferred, so we have to initialise # via keyword arguments. skip = set() init_list = [] for field in fields: if field.name not in load_fields: skip.add(field.attname) else: init_list.append(field.attname) model_cls = deferred_class_factory(self.model, skip) # Cache db and model outside the loop db = self.db model = self.model compiler = self.query.get_compiler(using=db) for row in compiler.results_iter(): if fill_cache: obj, _ = get_cached_row(model, row, index_start, using=db, max_depth=max_depth, requested=requested, offset=len(aggregate_select), only_load=only_load) else: if skip: row_data = row[index_start:aggregate_start] pk_val = row_data[pk_idx] obj = model_cls(**dict(zip(init_list, row_data), __entity_exists=True)) else: # Omit aggregates in object creation. obj = model(*row[index_start:aggregate_start], **{'__entity_exists': True}) # Store the source database of the object obj._state.db = db # This object came from the database; it's not being added. obj._state.adding = False if extra_select: for i, k in enumerate(extra_select): setattr(obj, k, row[i]) # Add the aggregates to the model if aggregate_select: for i, aggregate in enumerate(aggregate_select): setattr(obj, aggregate, row[i+aggregate_start]) yield obj def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns a dictionary containing the calculations (aggregation) over the current queryset If args is present the expression is passed as a kwarg using the Aggregate object's default alias. """ for arg in args: kwargs[arg.default_alias] = arg query = self.query.clone() for (alias, aggregate_expr) in kwargs.items(): query.add_aggregate(aggregate_expr, self.model, alias, is_summary=True) return query.get_aggregation(using=self.db) def count(self): """ Performs a SELECT COUNT() and returns the number of records as an integer. If the QuerySet is already fully cached this simply returns the length of the cached results set to avoid multiple SELECT COUNT(*) calls. """ if self._result_cache is not None and not self._iter: return len(self._result_cache) return self.query.get_count(using=self.db) def get(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Performs the query and returns a single object matching the given keyword arguments. """ clone = self.filter(*args, **kwargs) if self.query.can_filter(): clone = clone.order_by() num = len(clone) if num == 1: return clone._result_cache[0] if not num: raise self.model.DoesNotExist("%s matching query does not exist." % self.model._meta.object_name) raise self.model.MultipleObjectsReturned("get() returned more than one %s -- it returned %s! Lookup parameters were %s" % (self.model._meta.object_name, num, kwargs)) def create(self, **kwargs): """ Creates a new object with the given kwargs, saving it to the database and returning the created object. """ obj = self.model(**kwargs) self._for_write = True obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db) return obj def get_or_create(self, **kwargs): """ Looks up an object with the given kwargs, creating one if necessary. Returns a tuple of (object, created), where created is a boolean specifying whether an object was created. """ assert kwargs, \ 'get_or_create() must be passed at least one keyword argument' defaults = kwargs.pop('defaults', {}) lookup = kwargs.copy() for f in self.model._meta.fields: if f.attname in lookup: lookup[f.name] = lookup.pop(f.attname) try: self._for_write = True return self.get(**lookup), False except self.model.DoesNotExist: try: params = dict([(k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items() if '__' not in k]) params.update(defaults) obj = self.model(**params) sid = transaction.savepoint(using=self.db) obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db) transaction.savepoint_commit(sid, using=self.db) return obj, True except IntegrityError, e: transaction.savepoint_rollback(sid, using=self.db) try: return self.get(**lookup), False except self.model.DoesNotExist: raise e def latest(self, field_name=None): """ Returns the latest object, according to the model's 'get_latest_by' option or optional given field_name. """ latest_by = field_name or self.model._meta.get_latest_by assert bool(latest_by), "latest() requires either a field_name parameter or 'get_latest_by' in the model" assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot change a query once a slice has been taken." obj = self._clone() obj.query.set_limits(high=1) obj.query.add_ordering('-%s' % latest_by) return obj.get() def in_bulk(self, id_list): """ Returns a dictionary mapping each of the given IDs to the object with that ID. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot use 'limit' or 'offset' with in_bulk" assert isinstance(id_list, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)), \ "in_bulk() must be provided with a list of IDs." if not id_list: return {} qs = self._clone() qs.query.add_filter(('pk__in', id_list)) qs.query.clear_ordering(force_empty=True) return dict([(obj._get_pk_val(), obj) for obj in qs.iterator()]) def delete(self): """ Deletes the records in the current QuerySet. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot use 'limit' or 'offset' with delete." del_query = self._clone() # The delete is actually 2 queries - one to find related objects, # and one to delete. Make sure that the discovery of related # objects is performed on the same database as the deletion. del_query._for_write = True # Disable non-supported fields. del_query.query.select_related = False del_query.query.clear_ordering() collector = Collector(using=del_query.db) collector.collect(del_query) collector.delete() # Clear the result cache, in case this QuerySet gets reused. self._result_cache = None delete.alters_data = True def update(self, **kwargs): """ Updates all elements in the current QuerySet, setting all the given fields to the appropriate values. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot update a query once a slice has been taken." self._for_write = True query = self.query.clone(sql.UpdateQuery) query.add_update_values(kwargs) if not transaction.is_managed(using=self.db): transaction.enter_transaction_management(using=self.db) forced_managed = True else: forced_managed = False try: rows = query.get_compiler(self.db).execute_sql(None) if forced_managed: transaction.commit(using=self.db) else: transaction.commit_unless_managed(using=self.db) finally: if forced_managed: transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=self.db) self._result_cache = None return rows update.alters_data = True def _update(self, values): """ A version of update that accepts field objects instead of field names. Used primarily for model saving and not intended for use by general code (it requires too much poking around at model internals to be useful at that level). """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot update a query once a slice has been taken." query = self.query.clone(sql.UpdateQuery) query.add_update_fields(values) self._result_cache = None return query.get_compiler(self.db).execute_sql(None) _update.alters_data = True def exists(self): if self._result_cache is None: return self.query.has_results(using=self.db) return bool(self._result_cache) ################################################## # PUBLIC METHODS THAT RETURN A QUERYSET SUBCLASS # ################################################## def values(self, *fields): return self._clone(klass=ValuesQuerySet, setup=True, _fields=fields) def values_list(self, *fields, **kwargs): flat = kwargs.pop('flat', False) if kwargs: raise TypeError('Unexpected keyword arguments to values_list: %s' % (kwargs.keys(),)) if flat and len(fields) > 1: raise TypeError("'flat' is not valid when values_list is called with more than one field.") return self._clone(klass=ValuesListQuerySet, setup=True, flat=flat, _fields=fields) def dates(self, field_name, kind, order='ASC'): """ Returns a list of datetime objects representing all available dates for the given field_name, scoped to 'kind'. """ assert kind in ("month", "year", "day"), \ "'kind' must be one of 'year', 'month' or 'day'." assert order in ('ASC', 'DESC'), \ "'order' must be either 'ASC' or 'DESC'." return self._clone(klass=DateQuerySet, setup=True, _field_name=field_name, _kind=kind, _order=order) def none(self): """ Returns an empty QuerySet. """ return self._clone(klass=EmptyQuerySet) ################################################################## # PUBLIC METHODS THAT ALTER ATTRIBUTES AND RETURN A NEW QUERYSET # ################################################################## def all(self): """ Returns a new QuerySet that is a copy of the current one. This allows a QuerySet to proxy for a model manager in some cases. """ return self._clone() def filter(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance with the args ANDed to the existing set. """ return self._filter_or_exclude(False, *args, **kwargs) def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance with NOT (args) ANDed to the existing set. """ return self._filter_or_exclude(True, *args, **kwargs) def _filter_or_exclude(self, negate, *args, **kwargs): if args or kwargs: assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot filter a query once a slice has been taken." clone = self._clone() if negate: clone.query.add_q(~Q(*args, **kwargs)) else: clone.query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs)) return clone def complex_filter(self, filter_obj): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance with filter_obj added to the filters. filter_obj can be a Q object (or anything with an add_to_query() method) or a dictionary of keyword lookup arguments. This exists to support framework features such as 'limit_choices_to', and usually it will be more natural to use other methods. """ if isinstance(filter_obj, Q) or hasattr(filter_obj, 'add_to_query'): clone = self._clone() clone.query.add_q(filter_obj) return clone else: return self._filter_or_exclude(None, **filter_obj) def select_related(self, *fields, **kwargs): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance that will select related objects. If fields are specified, they must be ForeignKey fields and only those related objects are included in the selection. """ depth = kwargs.pop('depth', 0) if kwargs: raise TypeError('Unexpected keyword arguments to select_related: %s' % (kwargs.keys(),)) obj = self._clone() if fields: if depth: raise TypeError('Cannot pass both "depth" and fields to select_related()') obj.query.add_select_related(fields) else: obj.query.select_related = True if depth: obj.query.max_depth = depth return obj def dup_select_related(self, other): """ Copies the related selection status from the QuerySet 'other' to the current QuerySet. """ self.query.select_related = other.query.select_related def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Return a query set in which the returned objects have been annotated with data aggregated from related fields. """ for arg in args: if arg.default_alias in kwargs: raise ValueError("The named annotation '%s' conflicts with the " "default name for another annotation." % arg.default_alias) kwargs[arg.default_alias] = arg names = getattr(self, '_fields', None) if names is None: names = set(self.model._meta.get_all_field_names()) for aggregate in kwargs: if aggregate in names: raise ValueError("The annotation '%s' conflicts with a field on " "the model." % aggregate) obj = self._clone() obj._setup_aggregate_query(kwargs.keys()) # Add the aggregates to the query for (alias, aggregate_expr) in kwargs.items(): obj.query.add_aggregate(aggregate_expr, self.model, alias, is_summary=False) return obj def order_by(self, *field_names): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance with the ordering changed. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot reorder a query once a slice has been taken." obj = self._clone() obj.query.clear_ordering() obj.query.add_ordering(*field_names) return obj def distinct(self, true_or_false=True): """ Returns a new QuerySet instance that will select only distinct results. """ obj = self._clone() obj.query.distinct = true_or_false return obj def extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None): """ Adds extra SQL fragments to the query. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot change a query once a slice has been taken" clone = self._clone() clone.query.add_extra(select, select_params, where, params, tables, order_by) return clone def reverse(self): """ Reverses the ordering of the QuerySet. """ clone = self._clone() clone.query.standard_ordering = not clone.query.standard_ordering return clone def defer(self, *fields): """ Defers the loading of data for certain fields until they are accessed. The set of fields to defer is added to any existing set of deferred fields. The only exception to this is if None is passed in as the only parameter, in which case all deferrals are removed (None acts as a reset option). """ clone = self._clone() if fields == (None,): clone.query.clear_deferred_loading() else: clone.query.add_deferred_loading(fields) return clone def only(self, *fields): """ Essentially, the opposite of defer. Only the fields passed into this method and that are not already specified as deferred are loaded immediately when the queryset is evaluated. """ if fields == (None,): # Can only pass None to defer(), not only(), as the rest option. # That won't stop people trying to do this, so let's be explicit. raise TypeError("Cannot pass None as an argument to only().") clone = self._clone() clone.query.add_immediate_loading(fields) return clone def using(self, alias): """ Selects which database this QuerySet should excecute it's query against. """ clone = self._clone() clone._db = alias return clone ################################### # PUBLIC INTROSPECTION ATTRIBUTES # ################################### def ordered(self): """ Returns True if the QuerySet is ordered -- i.e. has an order_by() clause or a default ordering on the model. """ if self.query.extra_order_by or self.query.order_by: return True elif self.query.default_ordering and self.query.model._meta.ordering: return True else: return False ordered = property(ordered) @property def db(self): "Return the database that will be used if this query is executed now" if self._for_write: return self._db or router.db_for_write(self.model) return self._db or router.db_for_read(self.model) ################### # PRIVATE METHODS # ################### def _clone(self, klass=None, setup=False, **kwargs): if klass is None: klass = self.__class__ query = self.query.clone() if self._sticky_filter: query.filter_is_sticky = True c = klass(model=self.model, query=query, using=self._db) c._for_write = self._for_write c.__dict__.update(kwargs) if setup and hasattr(c, '_setup_query'): c._setup_query() return c def _fill_cache(self, num=None): """ Fills the result cache with 'num' more entries (or until the results iterator is exhausted). """ if self._iter: try: for i in range(num or ITER_CHUNK_SIZE): self._result_cache.append(self._iter.next()) except StopIteration: self._iter = None def _next_is_sticky(self): """ Indicates that the next filter call and the one following that should be treated as a single filter. This is only important when it comes to determining when to reuse tables for many-to-many filters. Required so that we can filter naturally on the results of related managers. This doesn't return a clone of the current QuerySet (it returns "self"). The method is only used internally and should be immediately followed by a filter() that does create a clone. """ self._sticky_filter = True return self def _merge_sanity_check(self, other): """ Checks that we are merging two comparable QuerySet classes. By default this does nothing, but see the ValuesQuerySet for an example of where it's useful. """ pass def _setup_aggregate_query(self, aggregates): """ Prepare the query for computing a result that contains aggregate annotations. """ opts = self.model._meta if self.query.group_by is None: field_names = [f.attname for f in opts.fields] self.query.add_fields(field_names, False) self.query.set_group_by() def _prepare(self): return self def _as_sql(self, connection): """ Returns the internal query's SQL and parameters (as a tuple). """ obj = self.values("pk") if obj._db is None or connection == connections[obj._db]: return obj.query.get_compiler(connection=connection).as_nested_sql() raise ValueError("Can't do subqueries with queries on different DBs.") # When used as part of a nested query, a queryset will never be an "always # empty" result. value_annotation = True class ValuesQuerySet(QuerySet): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(ValuesQuerySet, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # select_related isn't supported in values(). (FIXME -#3358) self.query.select_related = False # QuerySet.clone() will also set up the _fields attribute with the # names of the model fields to select. def iterator(self): # Purge any extra columns that haven't been explicitly asked for extra_names = self.query.extra_select.keys() field_names = self.field_names aggregate_names = self.query.aggregate_select.keys() names = extra_names + field_names + aggregate_names for row in self.query.get_compiler(self.db).results_iter(): yield dict(zip(names, row)) def _setup_query(self): """ Constructs the field_names list that the values query will be retrieving. Called by the _clone() method after initializing the rest of the instance. """ self.query.clear_deferred_loading() self.query.clear_select_fields() if self._fields: self.extra_names = [] self.aggregate_names = [] if not self.query.extra and not self.query.aggregates: # Short cut - if there are no extra or aggregates, then # the values() clause must be just field names. self.field_names = list(self._fields) else: self.query.default_cols = False self.field_names = [] for f in self._fields: # we inspect the full extra_select list since we might # be adding back an extra select item that we hadn't # had selected previously. if f in self.query.extra: self.extra_names.append(f) elif f in self.query.aggregate_select: self.aggregate_names.append(f) else: self.field_names.append(f) else: # Default to all fields. self.extra_names = None self.field_names = [f.attname for f in self.model._meta.fields] self.aggregate_names = None self.query.select = [] if self.extra_names is not None: self.query.set_extra_mask(self.extra_names) self.query.add_fields(self.field_names, True) if self.aggregate_names is not None: self.query.set_aggregate_mask(self.aggregate_names) def _clone(self, klass=None, setup=False, **kwargs): """ Cloning a ValuesQuerySet preserves the current fields. """ c = super(ValuesQuerySet, self)._clone(klass, **kwargs) if not hasattr(c, '_fields'): # Only clone self._fields if _fields wasn't passed into the cloning # call directly. c._fields = self._fields[:] c.field_names = self.field_names c.extra_names = self.extra_names c.aggregate_names = self.aggregate_names if setup and hasattr(c, '_setup_query'): c._setup_query() return c def _merge_sanity_check(self, other): super(ValuesQuerySet, self)._merge_sanity_check(other) if (set(self.extra_names) != set(other.extra_names) or set(self.field_names) != set(other.field_names) or self.aggregate_names != other.aggregate_names): raise TypeError("Merging '%s' classes must involve the same values in each case." % self.__class__.__name__) def _setup_aggregate_query(self, aggregates): """ Prepare the query for computing a result that contains aggregate annotations. """ self.query.set_group_by() if self.aggregate_names is not None: self.aggregate_names.extend(aggregates) self.query.set_aggregate_mask(self.aggregate_names) super(ValuesQuerySet, self)._setup_aggregate_query(aggregates) def _as_sql(self, connection): """ For ValueQuerySet (and subclasses like ValuesListQuerySet), they can only be used as nested queries if they're already set up to select only a single field (in which case, that is the field column that is returned). This differs from QuerySet.as_sql(), where the column to select is set up by Django. """ if ((self._fields and len(self._fields) > 1) or (not self._fields and len(self.model._meta.fields) > 1)): raise TypeError('Cannot use a multi-field %s as a filter value.' % self.__class__.__name__) obj = self._clone() if obj._db is None or connection == connections[obj._db]: return obj.query.get_compiler(connection=connection).as_nested_sql() raise ValueError("Can't do subqueries with queries on different DBs.") def _prepare(self): """ Validates that we aren't trying to do a query like value__in=qs.values('value1', 'value2'), which isn't valid. """ if ((self._fields and len(self._fields) > 1) or (not self._fields and len(self.model._meta.fields) > 1)): raise TypeError('Cannot use a multi-field %s as a filter value.' % self.__class__.__name__) return self class ValuesListQuerySet(ValuesQuerySet): def iterator(self): if self.flat and len(self._fields) == 1: for row in self.query.get_compiler(self.db).results_iter(): yield row[0] elif not self.query.extra_select and not self.query.aggregate_select: for row in self.query.get_compiler(self.db).results_iter(): yield tuple(row) else: # When extra(select=...) or an annotation is involved, the extra # cols are always at the start of the row, and we need to reorder # the fields to match the order in self._fields. extra_names = self.query.extra_select.keys() field_names = self.field_names aggregate_names = self.query.aggregate_select.keys() names = extra_names + field_names + aggregate_names # If a field list has been specified, use it. Otherwise, use the # full list of fields, including extras and aggregates. if self._fields: fields = list(self._fields) + filter(lambda f: f not in self._fields, aggregate_names) else: fields = names for row in self.query.get_compiler(self.db).results_iter(): data = dict(zip(names, row)) yield tuple([data[f] for f in fields]) def _clone(self, *args, **kwargs): clone = super(ValuesListQuerySet, self)._clone(*args, **kwargs) if not hasattr(clone, "flat"): # Only assign flat if the clone didn't already get it from kwargs clone.flat = self.flat return clone class DateQuerySet(QuerySet): def iterator(self): return self.query.get_compiler(self.db).results_iter() def _setup_query(self): """ Sets up any special features of the query attribute. Called by the _clone() method after initializing the rest of the instance. """ self.query.clear_deferred_loading() self.query = self.query.clone(klass=sql.DateQuery, setup=True) self.query.select = [] self.query.add_date_select(self._field_name, self._kind, self._order) def _clone(self, klass=None, setup=False, **kwargs): c = super(DateQuerySet, self)._clone(klass, False, **kwargs) c._field_name = self._field_name c._kind = self._kind if setup and hasattr(c, '_setup_query'): c._setup_query() return c class EmptyQuerySet(QuerySet): def __init__(self, model=None, query=None, using=None): super(EmptyQuerySet, self).__init__(model, query, using) self._result_cache = [] def __and__(self, other): return self._clone() def __or__(self, other): return other._clone() def count(self): return 0 def delete(self): pass def _clone(self, klass=None, setup=False, **kwargs): c = super(EmptyQuerySet, self)._clone(klass, setup=setup, **kwargs) c._result_cache = [] return c def iterator(self): # This slightly odd construction is because we need an empty generator # (it raises StopIteration immediately). yield iter([]).next() def all(self): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def filter(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def complex_filter(self, filter_obj): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def select_related(self, *fields, **kwargs): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def order_by(self, *field_names): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def distinct(self, true_or_false=True): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ assert self.query.can_filter(), \ "Cannot change a query once a slice has been taken" return self def reverse(self): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def defer(self, *fields): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def only(self, *fields): """ Always returns EmptyQuerySet. """ return self def update(self, **kwargs): """ Don't update anything. """ return 0 # EmptyQuerySet is always an empty result in where-clauses (and similar # situations). value_annotation = False def get_cached_row(klass, row, index_start, using, max_depth=0, cur_depth=0, requested=None, offset=0, only_load=None, local_only=False): """ Helper function that recursively returns an object with the specified related attributes already populated. This method may be called recursively to populate deep select_related() clauses. Arguments: * klass - the class to retrieve (and instantiate) * row - the row of data returned by the database cursor * index_start - the index of the row at which data for this object is known to start * using - the database alias on which the query is being executed. * max_depth - the maximum depth to which a select_related() relationship should be explored. * cur_depth - the current depth in the select_related() tree. Used in recursive calls to determin if we should dig deeper. * requested - A dictionary describing the select_related() tree that is to be retrieved. keys are field names; values are dictionaries describing the keys on that related object that are themselves to be select_related(). * offset - the number of additional fields that are known to exist in `row` for `klass`. This usually means the number of annotated results on `klass`. * only_load - if the query has had only() or defer() applied, this is the list of field names that will be returned. If None, the full field list for `klass` can be assumed. * local_only - Only populate local fields. This is used when building following reverse select-related relations """ if max_depth and requested is None and cur_depth > max_depth: # We've recursed deeply enough; stop now. return None restricted = requested is not None if only_load: load_fields = only_load.get(klass) # When we create the object, we will also be creating populating # all the parent classes, so traverse the parent classes looking # for fields that must be included on load. for parent in klass._meta.get_parent_list(): fields = only_load.get(parent) if fields: load_fields.update(fields) else: load_fields = None if load_fields: # Handle deferred fields. skip = set() init_list = [] # Build the list of fields that *haven't* been requested for field, model in klass._meta.get_fields_with_model(): if field.name not in load_fields: skip.add(field.name) elif local_only and model is not None: continue else: init_list.append(field.attname) # Retrieve all the requested fields field_count = len(init_list) fields = row[index_start : index_start + field_count] # If all the select_related columns are None, then the related # object must be non-existent - set the relation to None. # Otherwise, construct the related object. if fields == (None,) * field_count: obj = None elif skip: klass = deferred_class_factory(klass, skip) obj = klass(__entity_exists=True, **dict(zip(init_list, fields))) else: obj = klass(*fields, **{'__entity_exists': True}) else: # Load all fields on klass if local_only: field_names = [f.attname for f in klass._meta.local_fields] else: field_names = [f.attname for f in klass._meta.fields] field_count = len(field_names) fields = row[index_start : index_start + field_count] # If all the select_related columns are None, then the related # object must be non-existent - set the relation to None. # Otherwise, construct the related object. if fields == (None,) * field_count: obj = None else: obj = klass(__entity_exists=True, **dict(zip(field_names, fields))) # If an object was retrieved, set the database state. if obj: obj._state.db = using obj._state.adding = False index_end = index_start + field_count + offset # Iterate over each related object, populating any # select_related() fields for f in klass._meta.fields: if not select_related_descend(f, restricted, requested): continue if restricted: next = requested[f.name] else: next = None # Recursively retrieve the data for the related object cached_row = get_cached_row(f.rel.to, row, index_end, using, max_depth, cur_depth+1, next, only_load=only_load) # If the recursive descent found an object, populate the # descriptor caches relevant to the object if cached_row: rel_obj, index_end = cached_row if obj is not None: # If the base object exists, populate the # descriptor cache setattr(obj, f.get_cache_name(), rel_obj) if f.unique and rel_obj is not None: # If the field is unique, populate the # reverse descriptor cache on the related object setattr(rel_obj, f.related.get_cache_name(), obj) # Now do the same, but for reverse related objects. # Only handle the restricted case - i.e., don't do a depth # descent into reverse relations unless explicitly requested if restricted: related_fields = [ (o.field, o.model) for o in klass._meta.get_all_related_objects() if o.field.unique ] for f, model in related_fields: if not select_related_descend(f, restricted, requested, reverse=True): continue next = requested[f.related_query_name()] # Recursively retrieve the data for the related object cached_row = get_cached_row(model, row, index_end, using, max_depth, cur_depth+1, next, only_load=only_load, local_only=True) # If the recursive descent found an object, populate the # descriptor caches relevant to the object if cached_row: rel_obj, index_end = cached_row if obj is not None: # If the field is unique, populate the # reverse descriptor cache setattr(obj, f.related.get_cache_name(), rel_obj) if rel_obj is not None: # If the related object exists, populate # the descriptor cache. setattr(rel_obj, f.get_cache_name(), obj) # Now populate all the non-local field values # on the related object for rel_field,rel_model in rel_obj._meta.get_fields_with_model(): if rel_model is not None: setattr(rel_obj, rel_field.attname, getattr(obj, rel_field.attname)) # populate the field cache for any related object # that has already been retrieved if rel_field.rel: try: cached_obj = getattr(obj, rel_field.get_cache_name()) setattr(rel_obj, rel_field.get_cache_name(), cached_obj) except AttributeError: # Related object hasn't been cached yet pass return obj, index_end class RawQuerySet(object): """ Provides an iterator which converts the results of raw SQL queries into annotated model instances. """ def __init__(self, raw_query, model=None, query=None, params=None, translations=None, using=None): self.raw_query = raw_query self.model = model self._db = using self.query = query or sql.RawQuery(sql=raw_query, using=self.db, params=params) self.params = params or () self.translations = translations or {} def __iter__(self): # Mapping of attrnames to row column positions. Used for constructing # the model using kwargs, needed when not all model's fields are present # in the query. model_init_field_names = {} # A list of tuples of (column name, column position). Used for # annotation fields. annotation_fields = [] # Cache some things for performance reasons outside the loop. db = self.db compiler = connections[db].ops.compiler('SQLCompiler')( self.query, connections[db], db ) need_resolv_columns = hasattr(compiler, 'resolve_columns') query = iter(self.query) # Find out which columns are model's fields, and which ones should be # annotated to the model. for pos, column in enumerate(self.columns): if column in self.model_fields: model_init_field_names[self.model_fields[column].attname] = pos else: annotation_fields.append((column, pos)) # Find out which model's fields are not present in the query. skip = set() for field in self.model._meta.fields: if field.attname not in model_init_field_names: skip.add(field.attname) if skip: if self.model._meta.pk.attname in skip: raise InvalidQuery('Raw query must include the primary key') model_cls = deferred_class_factory(self.model, skip) else: model_cls = self.model # All model's fields are present in the query. So, it is possible # to use *args based model instantation. For each field of the model, # record the query column position matching that field. model_init_field_pos = [] for field in self.model._meta.fields: model_init_field_pos.append(model_init_field_names[field.attname]) if need_resolv_columns: fields = [self.model_fields.get(c, None) for c in self.columns] # Begin looping through the query values. for values in query: if need_resolv_columns: values = compiler.resolve_columns(values, fields) # Associate fields to values if skip: model_init_kwargs = {} for attname, pos in model_init_field_names.iteritems(): model_init_kwargs[attname] = values[pos] instance = model_cls(**model_init_kwargs) else: model_init_args = [values[pos] for pos in model_init_field_pos] instance = model_cls(*model_init_args) if annotation_fields: for column, pos in annotation_fields: setattr(instance, column, values[pos]) instance._state.db = db instance._state.adding = False yield instance def __repr__(self): return "<RawQuerySet: %r>" % (self.raw_query % self.params) def __getitem__(self, k): return list(self)[k] @property def db(self): "Return the database that will be used if this query is executed now" return self._db or router.db_for_read(self.model) def using(self, alias): """ Selects which database this Raw QuerySet should excecute it's query against. """ return RawQuerySet(self.raw_query, model=self.model, query=self.query.clone(using=alias), params=self.params, translations=self.translations, using=alias) @property def columns(self): """ A list of model field names in the order they'll appear in the query results. """ if not hasattr(self, '_columns'): self._columns = self.query.get_columns() # Adjust any column names which don't match field names for (query_name, model_name) in self.translations.items(): try: index = self._columns.index(query_name) self._columns[index] = model_name except ValueError: # Ignore translations for non-existant column names pass return self._columns @property def model_fields(self): """ A dict mapping column names to model field names. """ if not hasattr(self, '_model_fields'): converter = connections[self.db].introspection.table_name_converter self._model_fields = {} for field in self.model._meta.fields: name, column = field.get_attname_column() self._model_fields[converter(column)] = field return self._model_fields def insert_query(model, values, return_id=False, raw_values=False, using=None): """ Inserts a new record for the given model. This provides an interface to the InsertQuery class and is how Model.save() is implemented. It is not part of the public API. """ query = sql.InsertQuery(model) query.insert_values(values, raw_values) return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
Python
from django.dispatch import Signal class_prepared = Signal(providing_args=["class"]) pre_init = Signal(providing_args=["instance", "args", "kwargs"]) post_init = Signal(providing_args=["instance"]) pre_save = Signal(providing_args=["instance", "raw", "using"]) post_save = Signal(providing_args=["instance", "raw", "created", "using"]) pre_delete = Signal(providing_args=["instance", "using"]) post_delete = Signal(providing_args=["instance", "using"]) post_syncdb = Signal(providing_args=["class", "app", "created_models", "verbosity", "interactive"]) m2m_changed = Signal(providing_args=["action", "instance", "reverse", "model", "pk_set", "using"])
Python
from operator import attrgetter from django.db import connections, transaction, IntegrityError from django.db.models import signals, sql from django.db.models.sql.constants import GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from django.utils.functional import wraps class ProtectedError(IntegrityError): def __init__(self, msg, protected_objects): self.protected_objects = protected_objects # TODO change this to use super() when we drop Python 2.4 IntegrityError.__init__(self, msg, protected_objects) def CASCADE(collector, field, sub_objs, using): collector.collect(sub_objs, source=field.rel.to, source_attr=field.name, nullable=field.null) if field.null and not connections[using].features.can_defer_constraint_checks: collector.add_field_update(field, None, sub_objs) def PROTECT(collector, field, sub_objs, using): raise ProtectedError("Cannot delete some instances of model '%s' because " "they are referenced through a protected foreign key: '%s.%s'" % ( field.rel.to.__name__, sub_objs[0].__class__.__name__, field.name ), sub_objs ) def SET(value): if callable(value): def set_on_delete(collector, field, sub_objs, using): collector.add_field_update(field, value(), sub_objs) else: def set_on_delete(collector, field, sub_objs, using): collector.add_field_update(field, value, sub_objs) return set_on_delete SET_NULL = SET(None) def SET_DEFAULT(collector, field, sub_objs, using): collector.add_field_update(field, field.get_default(), sub_objs) def DO_NOTHING(collector, field, sub_objs, using): pass def force_managed(func): @wraps(func) def decorated(self, *args, **kwargs): if not transaction.is_managed(using=self.using): transaction.enter_transaction_management(using=self.using) forced_managed = True else: forced_managed = False try: func(self, *args, **kwargs) if forced_managed: transaction.commit(using=self.using) else: transaction.commit_unless_managed(using=self.using) finally: if forced_managed: transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=self.using) return decorated class Collector(object): def __init__(self, using): self.using = using # Initially, {model: set([instances])}, later values become lists. self.data = {} self.batches = {} # {model: {field: set([instances])}} self.field_updates = {} # {model: {(field, value): set([instances])}} self.dependencies = {} # {model: set([models])} def add(self, objs, source=None, nullable=False, reverse_dependency=False): """ Adds 'objs' to the collection of objects to be deleted. If the call is the result of a cascade, 'source' should be the model that caused it, and 'nullable' should be set to True if the relation can be null. Returns a list of all objects that were not already collected. """ if not objs: return [] new_objs = [] model = objs[0].__class__ instances = self.data.setdefault(model, set()) for obj in objs: if obj not in instances: new_objs.append(obj) instances.update(new_objs) # Nullable relationships can be ignored -- they are nulled out before # deleting, and therefore do not affect the order in which objects have # to be deleted. if source is not None and not nullable: if reverse_dependency: source, model = model, source self.dependencies.setdefault(source, set()).add(model) return new_objs def add_batch(self, model, field, objs): """ Schedules a batch delete. Every instance of 'model' that is related to an instance of 'obj' through 'field' will be deleted. """ self.batches.setdefault(model, {}).setdefault(field, set()).update(objs) def add_field_update(self, field, value, objs): """ Schedules a field update. 'objs' must be a homogenous iterable collection of model instances (e.g. a QuerySet). """ if not objs: return model = objs[0].__class__ self.field_updates.setdefault( model, {}).setdefault( (field, value), set()).update(objs) def collect(self, objs, source=None, nullable=False, collect_related=True, source_attr=None, reverse_dependency=False): """ Adds 'objs' to the collection of objects to be deleted as well as all parent instances. 'objs' must be a homogenous iterable collection of model instances (e.g. a QuerySet). If 'collect_related' is True, related objects will be handled by their respective on_delete handler. If the call is the result of a cascade, 'source' should be the model that caused it and 'nullable' should be set to True, if the relation can be null. If 'reverse_dependency' is True, 'source' will be deleted before the current model, rather than after. (Needed for cascading to parent models, the one case in which the cascade follows the forwards direction of an FK rather than the reverse direction.) """ if not connections[self.using].features.supports_deleting_related_objects: collect_related = False new_objs = self.add(objs, source, nullable, reverse_dependency=reverse_dependency) if not new_objs: return model = new_objs[0].__class__ # Recursively collect parent models, but not their related objects. # These will be found by meta.get_all_related_objects() for parent_model, ptr in model._meta.parents.iteritems(): if ptr: parent_objs = [getattr(obj, ptr.name) for obj in new_objs] self.collect(parent_objs, source=model, source_attr=ptr.rel.related_name, collect_related=False, reverse_dependency=True) if collect_related: for related in model._meta.get_all_related_objects(include_hidden=True): field = related.field if related.model._meta.auto_created: self.add_batch(related.model, field, new_objs) else: sub_objs = self.related_objects(related, new_objs) if not sub_objs: continue field.rel.on_delete(self, field, sub_objs, self.using) # TODO This entire block is only needed as a special case to # support cascade-deletes for GenericRelation. It should be # removed/fixed when the ORM gains a proper abstraction for virtual # or composite fields, and GFKs are reworked to fit into that. for relation in model._meta.many_to_many: if not relation.rel.through: sub_objs = relation.bulk_related_objects(new_objs, self.using) self.collect(sub_objs, source=model, source_attr=relation.rel.related_name, nullable=True) def related_objects(self, related, objs): """ Gets a QuerySet of objects related to ``objs`` via the relation ``related``. """ return related.model._base_manager.using(self.using).filter( **{"%s__in" % related.field.name: objs} ) def instances_with_model(self): for model, instances in self.data.iteritems(): for obj in instances: yield model, obj def sort(self): sorted_models = [] models = self.data.keys() while len(sorted_models) < len(models): found = False for model in models: if model in sorted_models: continue dependencies = self.dependencies.get(model) if not (dependencies and dependencies.difference(sorted_models)): sorted_models.append(model) found = True if not found: return self.data = SortedDict([(model, self.data[model]) for model in sorted_models]) @force_managed def delete(self): # sort instance collections for model, instances in self.data.items(): self.data[model] = sorted(instances, key=attrgetter("pk")) # if possible, bring the models in an order suitable for databases that # don't support transactions or cannot defer contraint checks until the # end of a transaction. self.sort() # send pre_delete signals for model, obj in self.instances_with_model(): if not model._meta.auto_created: signals.pre_delete.send( sender=model, instance=obj, using=self.using ) # update fields for model, instances_for_fieldvalues in self.field_updates.iteritems(): query = sql.UpdateQuery(model) for (field, value), instances in instances_for_fieldvalues.iteritems(): query.update_batch([obj.pk for obj in instances], {field.name: value}, self.using) # reverse instance collections for instances in self.data.itervalues(): instances.reverse() # delete batches for model, batches in self.batches.iteritems(): query = sql.DeleteQuery(model) for field, instances in batches.iteritems(): query.delete_batch([obj.pk for obj in instances], self.using, field) # delete instances for model, instances in self.data.iteritems(): query = sql.DeleteQuery(model) pk_list = [obj.pk for obj in instances] query.delete_batch(pk_list, self.using) # send post_delete signals for model, obj in self.instances_with_model(): if not model._meta.auto_created: signals.post_delete.send( sender=model, instance=obj, using=self.using ) # update collected instances for model, instances_for_fieldvalues in self.field_updates.iteritems(): for (field, value), instances in instances_for_fieldvalues.iteritems(): for obj in instances: setattr(obj, field.attname, value) for model, instances in self.data.iteritems(): for instance in instances: setattr(instance, model._meta.pk.attname, None)
Python
import datetime from django.utils import tree from django.utils.copycompat import deepcopy class ExpressionNode(tree.Node): """ Base class for all query expressions. """ # Arithmetic connectors ADD = '+' SUB = '-' MUL = '*' DIV = '/' MOD = '%%' # This is a quoted % operator - it is quoted # because it can be used in strings that also # have parameter substitution. # Bitwise operators AND = '&' OR = '|' def __init__(self, children=None, connector=None, negated=False): if children is not None and len(children) > 1 and connector is None: raise TypeError('You have to specify a connector.') super(ExpressionNode, self).__init__(children, connector, negated) def _combine(self, other, connector, reversed, node=None): if isinstance(other, datetime.timedelta): return DateModifierNode([self, other], connector) if reversed: obj = ExpressionNode([other], connector) obj.add(node or self, connector) else: obj = node or ExpressionNode([self], connector) obj.add(other, connector) return obj ################### # VISITOR METHODS # ################### def prepare(self, evaluator, query, allow_joins): return evaluator.prepare_node(self, query, allow_joins) def evaluate(self, evaluator, qn, connection): return evaluator.evaluate_node(self, qn, connection) ############# # OPERATORS # ############# def __add__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.ADD, False) def __sub__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.SUB, False) def __mul__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.MUL, False) def __div__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.DIV, False) def __mod__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.MOD, False) def __and__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.AND, False) def __or__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.OR, False) def __radd__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.ADD, True) def __rsub__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.SUB, True) def __rmul__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.MUL, True) def __rdiv__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.DIV, True) def __rmod__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.MOD, True) def __rand__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.AND, True) def __ror__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.OR, True) def prepare_database_save(self, unused): return self class F(ExpressionNode): """ An expression representing the value of the given field. """ def __init__(self, name): super(F, self).__init__(None, None, False) self.name = name def __deepcopy__(self, memodict): obj = super(F, self).__deepcopy__(memodict) obj.name = self.name return obj def prepare(self, evaluator, query, allow_joins): return evaluator.prepare_leaf(self, query, allow_joins) def evaluate(self, evaluator, qn, connection): return evaluator.evaluate_leaf(self, qn, connection) class DateModifierNode(ExpressionNode): """ Node that implements the following syntax: filter(end_date__gt=F('start_date') + datetime.timedelta(days=3, seconds=200)) which translates into: POSTGRES: WHERE end_date > (start_date + INTERVAL '3 days 200 seconds') MYSQL: WHERE end_date > (start_date + INTERVAL '3 0:0:200:0' DAY_MICROSECOND) ORACLE: WHERE end_date > (start_date + INTERVAL '3 00:03:20.000000' DAY(1) TO SECOND(6)) SQLITE: WHERE end_date > django_format_dtdelta(start_date, "+" "3", "200", "0") (A custom function is used in order to preserve six digits of fractional second information on sqlite, and to format both date and datetime values.) Note that microsecond comparisons are not well supported with MySQL, since MySQL does not store microsecond information. Only adding and subtracting timedeltas is supported, attempts to use other operations raise a TypeError. """ def __init__(self, children, connector, negated=False): if len(children) != 2: raise TypeError('Must specify a node and a timedelta.') if not isinstance(children[1], datetime.timedelta): raise TypeError('Second child must be a timedelta.') if connector not in (self.ADD, self.SUB): raise TypeError('Connector must be + or -, not %s' % connector) super(DateModifierNode, self).__init__(children, connector, negated) def evaluate(self, evaluator, qn, connection): return evaluator.evaluate_date_modifier_node(self, qn, connection)
Python
""" Create SQL statements for QuerySets. The code in here encapsulates all of the SQL construction so that QuerySets themselves do not have to (and could be backed by things other than SQL databases). The abstraction barrier only works one way: this module has to know all about the internals of models in order to get the information it needs. """ from django.utils.copycompat import deepcopy from django.utils.tree import Node from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS from django.db.models import signals from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist from django.db.models.query_utils import select_related_descend, InvalidQuery from django.db.models.sql import aggregates as base_aggregates_module from django.db.models.sql.constants import * from django.db.models.sql.datastructures import EmptyResultSet, Empty, MultiJoin from django.db.models.sql.expressions import SQLEvaluator from django.db.models.sql.where import (WhereNode, Constraint, EverythingNode, ExtraWhere, AND, OR) from django.core.exceptions import FieldError __all__ = ['Query', 'RawQuery'] class RawQuery(object): """ A single raw SQL query """ def __init__(self, sql, using, params=None): self.params = params or () self.sql = sql self.using = using self.cursor = None # Mirror some properties of a normal query so that # the compiler can be used to process results. self.low_mark, self.high_mark = 0, None # Used for offset/limit self.extra_select = {} self.aggregate_select = {} def clone(self, using): return RawQuery(self.sql, using, params=self.params) def convert_values(self, value, field, connection): """Convert the database-returned value into a type that is consistent across database backends. By default, this defers to the underlying backend operations, but it can be overridden by Query classes for specific backends. """ return connection.ops.convert_values(value, field) def get_columns(self): if self.cursor is None: self._execute_query() converter = connections[self.using].introspection.table_name_converter return [converter(column_meta[0]) for column_meta in self.cursor.description] def __iter__(self): # Always execute a new query for a new iterator. # This could be optimized with a cache at the expense of RAM. self._execute_query() if not connections[self.using].features.can_use_chunked_reads: # If the database can't use chunked reads we need to make sure we # evaluate the entire query up front. result = list(self.cursor) else: result = self.cursor return iter(result) def __repr__(self): return "<RawQuery: %r>" % (self.sql % self.params) def _execute_query(self): self.cursor = connections[self.using].cursor() self.cursor.execute(self.sql, self.params) class Query(object): """ A single SQL query. """ # SQL join types. These are part of the class because their string forms # vary from database to database and can be customised by a subclass. INNER = 'INNER JOIN' LOUTER = 'LEFT OUTER JOIN' alias_prefix = 'T' query_terms = QUERY_TERMS aggregates_module = base_aggregates_module compiler = 'SQLCompiler' def __init__(self, model, where=WhereNode): self.model = model self.alias_refcount = {} self.alias_map = {} # Maps alias to join information self.table_map = {} # Maps table names to list of aliases. self.join_map = {} self.rev_join_map = {} # Reverse of join_map. self.quote_cache = {} self.default_cols = True self.default_ordering = True self.standard_ordering = True self.ordering_aliases = [] self.select_fields = [] self.related_select_fields = [] self.dupe_avoidance = {} self.used_aliases = set() self.filter_is_sticky = False self.included_inherited_models = {} # SQL-related attributes self.select = [] self.tables = [] # Aliases in the order they are created. self.where = where() self.where_class = where self.group_by = None self.having = where() self.order_by = [] self.low_mark, self.high_mark = 0, None # Used for offset/limit self.distinct = False self.select_related = False self.related_select_cols = [] # SQL aggregate-related attributes self.aggregates = SortedDict() # Maps alias -> SQL aggregate function self.aggregate_select_mask = None self._aggregate_select_cache = None # Arbitrary maximum limit for select_related. Prevents infinite # recursion. Can be changed by the depth parameter to select_related(). self.max_depth = 5 # These are for extensions. The contents are more or less appended # verbatim to the appropriate clause. self.extra = SortedDict() # Maps col_alias -> (col_sql, params). self.extra_select_mask = None self._extra_select_cache = None self.extra_tables = () self.extra_order_by = () # A tuple that is a set of model field names and either True, if these # are the fields to defer, or False if these are the only fields to # load. self.deferred_loading = (set(), True) def __str__(self): """ Returns the query as a string of SQL with the parameter values substituted in. Parameter values won't necessarily be quoted correctly, since that is done by the database interface at execution time. """ sql, params = self.get_compiler(DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS).as_sql() return sql % params def __deepcopy__(self, memo): result = self.clone(memo=memo) memo[id(self)] = result return result def __getstate__(self): """ Pickling support. """ obj_dict = self.__dict__.copy() obj_dict['related_select_fields'] = [] obj_dict['related_select_cols'] = [] # Fields can't be pickled, so if a field list has been # specified, we pickle the list of field names instead. # None is also a possible value; that can pass as-is obj_dict['select_fields'] = [ f is not None and f.name or None for f in obj_dict['select_fields'] ] return obj_dict def __setstate__(self, obj_dict): """ Unpickling support. """ # Rebuild list of field instances opts = obj_dict['model']._meta obj_dict['select_fields'] = [ name is not None and opts.get_field(name) or None for name in obj_dict['select_fields'] ] self.__dict__.update(obj_dict) def prepare(self): return self def get_compiler(self, using=None, connection=None): if using is None and connection is None: raise ValueError("Need either using or connection") if using: connection = connections[using] # Check that the compiler will be able to execute the query for alias, aggregate in self.aggregate_select.items(): connection.ops.check_aggregate_support(aggregate) return connection.ops.compiler(self.compiler)(self, connection, using) def get_meta(self): """ Returns the Options instance (the model._meta) from which to start processing. Normally, this is self.model._meta, but it can be changed by subclasses. """ return self.model._meta def clone(self, klass=None, memo=None, **kwargs): """ Creates a copy of the current instance. The 'kwargs' parameter can be used by clients to update attributes after copying has taken place. """ obj = Empty() obj.__class__ = klass or self.__class__ obj.model = self.model obj.alias_refcount = self.alias_refcount.copy() obj.alias_map = self.alias_map.copy() obj.table_map = self.table_map.copy() obj.join_map = self.join_map.copy() obj.rev_join_map = self.rev_join_map.copy() obj.quote_cache = {} obj.default_cols = self.default_cols obj.default_ordering = self.default_ordering obj.standard_ordering = self.standard_ordering obj.included_inherited_models = self.included_inherited_models.copy() obj.ordering_aliases = [] obj.select_fields = self.select_fields[:] obj.related_select_fields = self.related_select_fields[:] obj.dupe_avoidance = self.dupe_avoidance.copy() obj.select = self.select[:] obj.tables = self.tables[:] obj.where = deepcopy(self.where, memo=memo) obj.where_class = self.where_class if self.group_by is None: obj.group_by = None else: obj.group_by = self.group_by[:] obj.having = deepcopy(self.having, memo=memo) obj.order_by = self.order_by[:] obj.low_mark, obj.high_mark = self.low_mark, self.high_mark obj.distinct = self.distinct obj.select_related = self.select_related obj.related_select_cols = [] obj.aggregates = deepcopy(self.aggregates, memo=memo) if self.aggregate_select_mask is None: obj.aggregate_select_mask = None else: obj.aggregate_select_mask = self.aggregate_select_mask.copy() # _aggregate_select_cache cannot be copied, as doing so breaks the # (necessary) state in which both aggregates and # _aggregate_select_cache point to the same underlying objects. # It will get re-populated in the cloned queryset the next time it's # used. obj._aggregate_select_cache = None obj.max_depth = self.max_depth obj.extra = self.extra.copy() if self.extra_select_mask is None: obj.extra_select_mask = None else: obj.extra_select_mask = self.extra_select_mask.copy() if self._extra_select_cache is None: obj._extra_select_cache = None else: obj._extra_select_cache = self._extra_select_cache.copy() obj.extra_tables = self.extra_tables obj.extra_order_by = self.extra_order_by obj.deferred_loading = deepcopy(self.deferred_loading, memo=memo) if self.filter_is_sticky and self.used_aliases: obj.used_aliases = self.used_aliases.copy() else: obj.used_aliases = set() obj.filter_is_sticky = False obj.__dict__.update(kwargs) if hasattr(obj, '_setup_query'): obj._setup_query() return obj def convert_values(self, value, field, connection): """Convert the database-returned value into a type that is consistent across database backends. By default, this defers to the underlying backend operations, but it can be overridden by Query classes for specific backends. """ return connection.ops.convert_values(value, field) def resolve_aggregate(self, value, aggregate, connection): """Resolve the value of aggregates returned by the database to consistent (and reasonable) types. This is required because of the predisposition of certain backends to return Decimal and long types when they are not needed. """ if value is None: if aggregate.is_ordinal: return 0 # Return None as-is return value elif aggregate.is_ordinal: # Any ordinal aggregate (e.g., count) returns an int return int(value) elif aggregate.is_computed: # Any computed aggregate (e.g., avg) returns a float return float(value) else: # Return value depends on the type of the field being processed. return self.convert_values(value, aggregate.field, connection) def get_aggregation(self, using): """ Returns the dictionary with the values of the existing aggregations. """ if not self.aggregate_select: return {} # If there is a group by clause, aggregating does not add useful # information but retrieves only the first row. Aggregate # over the subquery instead. if self.group_by is not None: from django.db.models.sql.subqueries import AggregateQuery query = AggregateQuery(self.model) obj = self.clone() # Remove any aggregates marked for reduction from the subquery # and move them to the outer AggregateQuery. for alias, aggregate in self.aggregate_select.items(): if aggregate.is_summary: query.aggregate_select[alias] = aggregate del obj.aggregate_select[alias] try: query.add_subquery(obj, using) except EmptyResultSet: return dict( (alias, None) for alias in query.aggregate_select ) else: query = self self.select = [] self.default_cols = False self.extra = {} self.remove_inherited_models() query.clear_ordering(True) query.clear_limits() query.select_related = False query.related_select_cols = [] query.related_select_fields = [] result = query.get_compiler(using).execute_sql(SINGLE) if result is None: result = [None for q in query.aggregate_select.items()] return dict([ (alias, self.resolve_aggregate(val, aggregate, connection=connections[using])) for (alias, aggregate), val in zip(query.aggregate_select.items(), result) ]) def get_count(self, using): """ Performs a COUNT() query using the current filter constraints. """ obj = self.clone() if len(self.select) > 1 or self.aggregate_select: # If a select clause exists, then the query has already started to # specify the columns that are to be returned. # In this case, we need to use a subquery to evaluate the count. from django.db.models.sql.subqueries import AggregateQuery subquery = obj subquery.clear_ordering(True) subquery.clear_limits() obj = AggregateQuery(obj.model) try: obj.add_subquery(subquery, using=using) except EmptyResultSet: # add_subquery evaluates the query, if it's an EmptyResultSet # then there are can be no results, and therefore there the # count is obviously 0 return 0 obj.add_count_column() number = obj.get_aggregation(using=using)[None] # Apply offset and limit constraints manually, since using LIMIT/OFFSET # in SQL (in variants that provide them) doesn't change the COUNT # output. number = max(0, number - self.low_mark) if self.high_mark is not None: number = min(number, self.high_mark - self.low_mark) return number def has_results(self, using): q = self.clone() q.select = [] q.select_fields = [] q.default_cols = False q.select_related = False q.set_aggregate_mask(()) q.clear_ordering(True) q.set_limits(high=1) compiler = q.get_compiler(using=using) return compiler.has_results() def combine(self, rhs, connector): """ Merge the 'rhs' query into the current one (with any 'rhs' effects being applied *after* (that is, "to the right of") anything in the current query. 'rhs' is not modified during a call to this function. The 'connector' parameter describes how to connect filters from the 'rhs' query. """ assert self.model == rhs.model, \ "Cannot combine queries on two different base models." assert self.can_filter(), \ "Cannot combine queries once a slice has been taken." assert self.distinct == rhs.distinct, \ "Cannot combine a unique query with a non-unique query." self.remove_inherited_models() # Work out how to relabel the rhs aliases, if necessary. change_map = {} used = set() conjunction = (connector == AND) first = True for alias in rhs.tables: if not rhs.alias_refcount[alias]: # An unused alias. continue promote = (rhs.alias_map[alias][JOIN_TYPE] == self.LOUTER) new_alias = self.join(rhs.rev_join_map[alias], (conjunction and not first), used, promote, not conjunction) used.add(new_alias) change_map[alias] = new_alias first = False # So that we don't exclude valid results in an "or" query combination, # all joins exclusive to either the lhs or the rhs must be converted # to an outer join. if not conjunction: l_tables = set(self.tables) r_tables = set(rhs.tables) # Update r_tables aliases. for alias in change_map: if alias in r_tables: # r_tables may contain entries that have a refcount of 0 # if the query has references to a table that can be # trimmed because only the foreign key is used. # We only need to fix the aliases for the tables that # actually have aliases. if rhs.alias_refcount[alias]: r_tables.remove(alias) r_tables.add(change_map[alias]) # Find aliases that are exclusive to rhs or lhs. # These are promoted to outer joins. outer_tables = (l_tables | r_tables) - (l_tables & r_tables) for alias in outer_tables: # Again, some of the tables won't have aliases due to # the trimming of unnecessary tables. if self.alias_refcount.get(alias) or rhs.alias_refcount.get(alias): self.promote_alias(alias, True) # Now relabel a copy of the rhs where-clause and add it to the current # one. if rhs.where: w = deepcopy(rhs.where) w.relabel_aliases(change_map) if not self.where: # Since 'self' matches everything, add an explicit "include # everything" where-constraint so that connections between the # where clauses won't exclude valid results. self.where.add(EverythingNode(), AND) elif self.where: # rhs has an empty where clause. w = self.where_class() w.add(EverythingNode(), AND) else: w = self.where_class() self.where.add(w, connector) # Selection columns and extra extensions are those provided by 'rhs'. self.select = [] for col in rhs.select: if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)): self.select.append((change_map.get(col[0], col[0]), col[1])) else: item = deepcopy(col) item.relabel_aliases(change_map) self.select.append(item) self.select_fields = rhs.select_fields[:] if connector == OR: # It would be nice to be able to handle this, but the queries don't # really make sense (or return consistent value sets). Not worth # the extra complexity when you can write a real query instead. if self.extra and rhs.extra: raise ValueError("When merging querysets using 'or', you " "cannot have extra(select=...) on both sides.") self.extra.update(rhs.extra) extra_select_mask = set() if self.extra_select_mask is not None: extra_select_mask.update(self.extra_select_mask) if rhs.extra_select_mask is not None: extra_select_mask.update(rhs.extra_select_mask) if extra_select_mask: self.set_extra_mask(extra_select_mask) self.extra_tables += rhs.extra_tables # Ordering uses the 'rhs' ordering, unless it has none, in which case # the current ordering is used. self.order_by = rhs.order_by and rhs.order_by[:] or self.order_by self.extra_order_by = rhs.extra_order_by or self.extra_order_by def deferred_to_data(self, target, callback): """ Converts the self.deferred_loading data structure to an alternate data structure, describing the field that *will* be loaded. This is used to compute the columns to select from the database and also by the QuerySet class to work out which fields are being initialised on each model. Models that have all their fields included aren't mentioned in the result, only those that have field restrictions in place. The "target" parameter is the instance that is populated (in place). The "callback" is a function that is called whenever a (model, field) pair need to be added to "target". It accepts three parameters: "target", and the model and list of fields being added for that model. """ field_names, defer = self.deferred_loading if not field_names: return columns = set() orig_opts = self.model._meta seen = {} must_include = {self.model: set([orig_opts.pk])} for field_name in field_names: parts = field_name.split(LOOKUP_SEP) cur_model = self.model opts = orig_opts for name in parts[:-1]: old_model = cur_model source = opts.get_field_by_name(name)[0] cur_model = opts.get_field_by_name(name)[0].rel.to opts = cur_model._meta # Even if we're "just passing through" this model, we must add # both the current model's pk and the related reference field # to the things we select. must_include[old_model].add(source) add_to_dict(must_include, cur_model, opts.pk) field, model, _, _ = opts.get_field_by_name(parts[-1]) if model is None: model = cur_model add_to_dict(seen, model, field) if defer: # We need to load all fields for each model, except those that # appear in "seen" (for all models that appear in "seen"). The only # slight complexity here is handling fields that exist on parent # models. workset = {} for model, values in seen.iteritems(): for field, m in model._meta.get_fields_with_model(): if field in values: continue add_to_dict(workset, m or model, field) for model, values in must_include.iteritems(): # If we haven't included a model in workset, we don't add the # corresponding must_include fields for that model, since an # empty set means "include all fields". That's why there's no # "else" branch here. if model in workset: workset[model].update(values) for model, values in workset.iteritems(): callback(target, model, values) else: for model, values in must_include.iteritems(): if model in seen: seen[model].update(values) else: # As we've passed through this model, but not explicitly # included any fields, we have to make sure it's mentioned # so that only the "must include" fields are pulled in. seen[model] = values # Now ensure that every model in the inheritance chain is mentioned # in the parent list. Again, it must be mentioned to ensure that # only "must include" fields are pulled in. for model in orig_opts.get_parent_list(): if model not in seen: seen[model] = set() for model, values in seen.iteritems(): callback(target, model, values) def deferred_to_columns_cb(self, target, model, fields): """ Callback used by deferred_to_columns(). The "target" parameter should be a set instance. """ table = model._meta.db_table if table not in target: target[table] = set() for field in fields: target[table].add(field.column) def table_alias(self, table_name, create=False): """ Returns a table alias for the given table_name and whether this is a new alias or not. If 'create' is true, a new alias is always created. Otherwise, the most recently created alias for the table (if one exists) is reused. """ current = self.table_map.get(table_name) if not create and current: alias = current[0] self.alias_refcount[alias] += 1 return alias, False # Create a new alias for this table. if current: alias = '%s%d' % (self.alias_prefix, len(self.alias_map) + 1) current.append(alias) else: # The first occurence of a table uses the table name directly. alias = table_name self.table_map[alias] = [alias] self.alias_refcount[alias] = 1 self.tables.append(alias) return alias, True def ref_alias(self, alias): """ Increases the reference count for this alias. """ self.alias_refcount[alias] += 1 def unref_alias(self, alias): """ Decreases the reference count for this alias. """ self.alias_refcount[alias] -= 1 def promote_alias(self, alias, unconditional=False): """ Promotes the join type of an alias to an outer join if it's possible for the join to contain NULL values on the left. If 'unconditional' is False, the join is only promoted if it is nullable, otherwise it is always promoted. Returns True if the join was promoted by this call. """ if ((unconditional or self.alias_map[alias][NULLABLE]) and self.alias_map[alias][JOIN_TYPE] != self.LOUTER): data = list(self.alias_map[alias]) data[JOIN_TYPE] = self.LOUTER self.alias_map[alias] = tuple(data) return True return False def promote_alias_chain(self, chain, must_promote=False): """ Walks along a chain of aliases, promoting the first nullable join and any joins following that. If 'must_promote' is True, all the aliases in the chain are promoted. """ for alias in chain: if self.promote_alias(alias, must_promote): must_promote = True def promote_unused_aliases(self, initial_refcounts, used_aliases): """ Given a "before" copy of the alias_refcounts dictionary (as 'initial_refcounts') and a collection of aliases that may have been changed or created, works out which aliases have been created since then and which ones haven't been used and promotes all of those aliases, plus any children of theirs in the alias tree, to outer joins. """ # FIXME: There's some (a lot of!) overlap with the similar OR promotion # in add_filter(). It's not quite identical, but is very similar. So # pulling out the common bits is something for later. considered = {} for alias in self.tables: if alias not in used_aliases: continue if (alias not in initial_refcounts or self.alias_refcount[alias] == initial_refcounts[alias]): parent = self.alias_map[alias][LHS_ALIAS] must_promote = considered.get(parent, False) promoted = self.promote_alias(alias, must_promote) considered[alias] = must_promote or promoted def change_aliases(self, change_map): """ Changes the aliases in change_map (which maps old-alias -> new-alias), relabelling any references to them in select columns and the where clause. """ assert set(change_map.keys()).intersection(set(change_map.values())) == set() # 1. Update references in "select" (normal columns plus aliases), # "group by", "where" and "having". self.where.relabel_aliases(change_map) self.having.relabel_aliases(change_map) for columns in [self.select, self.group_by or []]: for pos, col in enumerate(columns): if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)): old_alias = col[0] columns[pos] = (change_map.get(old_alias, old_alias), col[1]) else: col.relabel_aliases(change_map) for mapping in [self.aggregates]: for key, col in mapping.items(): if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)): old_alias = col[0] mapping[key] = (change_map.get(old_alias, old_alias), col[1]) else: col.relabel_aliases(change_map) # 2. Rename the alias in the internal table/alias datastructures. for old_alias, new_alias in change_map.iteritems(): alias_data = list(self.alias_map[old_alias]) alias_data[RHS_ALIAS] = new_alias t = self.rev_join_map[old_alias] data = list(self.join_map[t]) data[data.index(old_alias)] = new_alias self.join_map[t] = tuple(data) self.rev_join_map[new_alias] = t del self.rev_join_map[old_alias] self.alias_refcount[new_alias] = self.alias_refcount[old_alias] del self.alias_refcount[old_alias] self.alias_map[new_alias] = tuple(alias_data) del self.alias_map[old_alias] table_aliases = self.table_map[alias_data[TABLE_NAME]] for pos, alias in enumerate(table_aliases): if alias == old_alias: table_aliases[pos] = new_alias break for pos, alias in enumerate(self.tables): if alias == old_alias: self.tables[pos] = new_alias break for key, alias in self.included_inherited_models.items(): if alias in change_map: self.included_inherited_models[key] = change_map[alias] # 3. Update any joins that refer to the old alias. for alias, data in self.alias_map.iteritems(): lhs = data[LHS_ALIAS] if lhs in change_map: data = list(data) data[LHS_ALIAS] = change_map[lhs] self.alias_map[alias] = tuple(data) def bump_prefix(self, exceptions=()): """ Changes the alias prefix to the next letter in the alphabet and relabels all the aliases. Even tables that previously had no alias will get an alias after this call (it's mostly used for nested queries and the outer query will already be using the non-aliased table name). Subclasses who create their own prefix should override this method to produce a similar result (a new prefix and relabelled aliases). The 'exceptions' parameter is a container that holds alias names which should not be changed. """ current = ord(self.alias_prefix) assert current < ord('Z') prefix = chr(current + 1) self.alias_prefix = prefix change_map = {} for pos, alias in enumerate(self.tables): if alias in exceptions: continue new_alias = '%s%d' % (prefix, pos) change_map[alias] = new_alias self.tables[pos] = new_alias self.change_aliases(change_map) def get_initial_alias(self): """ Returns the first alias for this query, after increasing its reference count. """ if self.tables: alias = self.tables[0] self.ref_alias(alias) else: alias = self.join((None, self.model._meta.db_table, None, None)) return alias def count_active_tables(self): """ Returns the number of tables in this query with a non-zero reference count. """ return len([1 for count in self.alias_refcount.itervalues() if count]) def join(self, connection, always_create=False, exclusions=(), promote=False, outer_if_first=False, nullable=False, reuse=None): """ Returns an alias for the join in 'connection', either reusing an existing alias for that join or creating a new one. 'connection' is a tuple (lhs, table, lhs_col, col) where 'lhs' is either an existing table alias or a table name. The join correspods to the SQL equivalent of:: lhs.lhs_col = table.col If 'always_create' is True and 'reuse' is None, a new alias is always created, regardless of whether one already exists or not. If 'always_create' is True and 'reuse' is a set, an alias in 'reuse' that matches the connection will be returned, if possible. If 'always_create' is False, the first existing alias that matches the 'connection' is returned, if any. Otherwise a new join is created. If 'exclusions' is specified, it is something satisfying the container protocol ("foo in exclusions" must work) and specifies a list of aliases that should not be returned, even if they satisfy the join. If 'promote' is True, the join type for the alias will be LOUTER (if the alias previously existed, the join type will be promoted from INNER to LOUTER, if necessary). If 'outer_if_first' is True and a new join is created, it will have the LOUTER join type. This is used when joining certain types of querysets and Q-objects together. If 'nullable' is True, the join can potentially involve NULL values and is a candidate for promotion (to "left outer") when combining querysets. """ lhs, table, lhs_col, col = connection if lhs in self.alias_map: lhs_table = self.alias_map[lhs][TABLE_NAME] else: lhs_table = lhs if reuse and always_create and table in self.table_map: # Convert the 'reuse' to case to be "exclude everything but the # reusable set, minus exclusions, for this table". exclusions = set(self.table_map[table]).difference(reuse).union(set(exclusions)) always_create = False t_ident = (lhs_table, table, lhs_col, col) if not always_create: for alias in self.join_map.get(t_ident, ()): if alias not in exclusions: if lhs_table and not self.alias_refcount[self.alias_map[alias][LHS_ALIAS]]: # The LHS of this join tuple is no longer part of the # query, so skip this possibility. continue if self.alias_map[alias][LHS_ALIAS] != lhs: continue self.ref_alias(alias) if promote: self.promote_alias(alias) return alias # No reuse is possible, so we need a new alias. alias, _ = self.table_alias(table, True) if not lhs: # Not all tables need to be joined to anything. No join type # means the later columns are ignored. join_type = None elif promote or outer_if_first: join_type = self.LOUTER else: join_type = self.INNER join = (table, alias, join_type, lhs, lhs_col, col, nullable) self.alias_map[alias] = join if t_ident in self.join_map: self.join_map[t_ident] += (alias,) else: self.join_map[t_ident] = (alias,) self.rev_join_map[alias] = t_ident return alias def setup_inherited_models(self): """ If the model that is the basis for this QuerySet inherits other models, we need to ensure that those other models have their tables included in the query. We do this as a separate step so that subclasses know which tables are going to be active in the query, without needing to compute all the select columns (this method is called from pre_sql_setup(), whereas column determination is a later part, and side-effect, of as_sql()). """ opts = self.model._meta root_alias = self.tables[0] seen = {None: root_alias} # Skip all proxy to the root proxied model proxied_model = get_proxied_model(opts) for field, model in opts.get_fields_with_model(): if model not in seen: if model is proxied_model: seen[model] = root_alias else: link_field = opts.get_ancestor_link(model) seen[model] = self.join((root_alias, model._meta.db_table, link_field.column, model._meta.pk.column)) self.included_inherited_models = seen def remove_inherited_models(self): """ Undoes the effects of setup_inherited_models(). Should be called whenever select columns (self.select) are set explicitly. """ for key, alias in self.included_inherited_models.items(): if key: self.unref_alias(alias) self.included_inherited_models = {} def need_force_having(self, q_object): """ Returns whether or not all elements of this q_object need to be put together in the HAVING clause. """ for child in q_object.children: if isinstance(child, Node): if self.need_force_having(child): return True else: if child[0].split(LOOKUP_SEP)[0] in self.aggregates: return True return False def add_aggregate(self, aggregate, model, alias, is_summary): """ Adds a single aggregate expression to the Query """ opts = model._meta field_list = aggregate.lookup.split(LOOKUP_SEP) if len(field_list) == 1 and aggregate.lookup in self.aggregates: # Aggregate is over an annotation field_name = field_list[0] col = field_name source = self.aggregates[field_name] if not is_summary: raise FieldError("Cannot compute %s('%s'): '%s' is an aggregate" % ( aggregate.name, field_name, field_name)) elif ((len(field_list) > 1) or (field_list[0] not in [i.name for i in opts.fields]) or self.group_by is None or not is_summary): # If: # - the field descriptor has more than one part (foo__bar), or # - the field descriptor is referencing an m2m/m2o field, or # - this is a reference to a model field (possibly inherited), or # - this is an annotation over a model field # then we need to explore the joins that are required. field, source, opts, join_list, last, _ = self.setup_joins( field_list, opts, self.get_initial_alias(), False) # Process the join chain to see if it can be trimmed col, _, join_list = self.trim_joins(source, join_list, last, False) # If the aggregate references a model or field that requires a join, # those joins must be LEFT OUTER - empty join rows must be returned # in order for zeros to be returned for those aggregates. for column_alias in join_list: self.promote_alias(column_alias, unconditional=True) col = (join_list[-1], col) else: # The simplest cases. No joins required - # just reference the provided column alias. field_name = field_list[0] source = opts.get_field(field_name) col = field_name # Add the aggregate to the query aggregate.add_to_query(self, alias, col=col, source=source, is_summary=is_summary) def add_filter(self, filter_expr, connector=AND, negate=False, trim=False, can_reuse=None, process_extras=True, force_having=False): """ Add a single filter to the query. The 'filter_expr' is a pair: (filter_string, value). E.g. ('name__contains', 'fred') If 'negate' is True, this is an exclude() filter. It's important to note that this method does not negate anything in the where-clause object when inserting the filter constraints. This is because negated filters often require multiple calls to add_filter() and the negation should only happen once. So the caller is responsible for this (the caller will normally be add_q(), so that as an example). If 'trim' is True, we automatically trim the final join group (used internally when constructing nested queries). If 'can_reuse' is a set, we are processing a component of a multi-component filter (e.g. filter(Q1, Q2)). In this case, 'can_reuse' will be a set of table aliases that can be reused in this filter, even if we would otherwise force the creation of new aliases for a join (needed for nested Q-filters). The set is updated by this method. If 'process_extras' is set, any extra filters returned from the table joining process will be processed. This parameter is set to False during the processing of extra filters to avoid infinite recursion. """ arg, value = filter_expr parts = arg.split(LOOKUP_SEP) if not parts: raise FieldError("Cannot parse keyword query %r" % arg) # Work out the lookup type and remove it from 'parts', if necessary. if len(parts) == 1 or parts[-1] not in self.query_terms: lookup_type = 'exact' else: lookup_type = parts.pop() # By default, this is a WHERE clause. If an aggregate is referenced # in the value, the filter will be promoted to a HAVING having_clause = False # Interpret '__exact=None' as the sql 'is NULL'; otherwise, reject all # uses of None as a query value. if value is None: if lookup_type != 'exact': raise ValueError("Cannot use None as a query value") lookup_type = 'isnull' value = True elif callable(value): value = value() elif hasattr(value, 'evaluate'): # If value is a query expression, evaluate it value = SQLEvaluator(value, self) having_clause = value.contains_aggregate if parts[0] in self.aggregates: aggregate = self.aggregates[parts[0]] entry = self.where_class() entry.add((aggregate, lookup_type, value), AND) if negate: entry.negate() self.having.add(entry, connector) return opts = self.get_meta() alias = self.get_initial_alias() allow_many = trim or not negate try: field, target, opts, join_list, last, extra_filters = self.setup_joins( parts, opts, alias, True, allow_many, can_reuse=can_reuse, negate=negate, process_extras=process_extras) except MultiJoin, e: self.split_exclude(filter_expr, LOOKUP_SEP.join(parts[:e.level]), can_reuse) return table_promote = False join_promote = False if (lookup_type == 'isnull' and value is True and not negate and len(join_list) > 1): # If the comparison is against NULL, we may need to use some left # outer joins when creating the join chain. This is only done when # needed, as it's less efficient at the database level. self.promote_alias_chain(join_list) join_promote = True # Process the join list to see if we can remove any inner joins from # the far end (fewer tables in a query is better). col, alias, join_list = self.trim_joins(target, join_list, last, trim) if connector == OR: # Some joins may need to be promoted when adding a new filter to a # disjunction. We walk the list of new joins and where it diverges # from any previous joins (ref count is 1 in the table list), we # make the new additions (and any existing ones not used in the new # join list) an outer join. join_it = iter(join_list) table_it = iter(self.tables) join_it.next(), table_it.next() unconditional = False for join in join_it: table = table_it.next() # Once we hit an outer join, all subsequent joins must # also be promoted, regardless of whether they have been # promoted as a result of this pass through the tables. unconditional = (unconditional or self.alias_map[join][JOIN_TYPE] == self.LOUTER) if join == table and self.alias_refcount[join] > 1: # We have more than one reference to this join table. # This means that we are dealing with two different query # subtrees, so we don't need to do any join promotion. continue join_promote = join_promote or self.promote_alias(join, unconditional) if table != join: table_promote = self.promote_alias(table) # We only get here if we have found a table that exists # in the join list, but isn't on the original tables list. # This means we've reached the point where we only have # new tables, so we can break out of this promotion loop. break self.promote_alias_chain(join_it, join_promote) self.promote_alias_chain(table_it, table_promote or join_promote) if having_clause or force_having: if (alias, col) not in self.group_by: self.group_by.append((alias, col)) self.having.add((Constraint(alias, col, field), lookup_type, value), connector) else: self.where.add((Constraint(alias, col, field), lookup_type, value), connector) if negate: self.promote_alias_chain(join_list) if lookup_type != 'isnull': if len(join_list) > 1: for alias in join_list: if self.alias_map[alias][JOIN_TYPE] == self.LOUTER: j_col = self.alias_map[alias][RHS_JOIN_COL] entry = self.where_class() entry.add( (Constraint(alias, j_col, None), 'isnull', True), AND ) entry.negate() self.where.add(entry, AND) break if not (lookup_type == 'in' and not hasattr(value, 'as_sql') and not hasattr(value, '_as_sql') and not value) and field.null: # Leaky abstraction artifact: We have to specifically # exclude the "foo__in=[]" case from this handling, because # it's short-circuited in the Where class. # We also need to handle the case where a subquery is provided self.where.add((Constraint(alias, col, None), 'isnull', False), AND) if can_reuse is not None: can_reuse.update(join_list) if process_extras: for filter in extra_filters: self.add_filter(filter, negate=negate, can_reuse=can_reuse, process_extras=False) def add_q(self, q_object, used_aliases=None, force_having=False): """ Adds a Q-object to the current filter. Can also be used to add anything that has an 'add_to_query()' method. """ if used_aliases is None: used_aliases = self.used_aliases if hasattr(q_object, 'add_to_query'): # Complex custom objects are responsible for adding themselves. q_object.add_to_query(self, used_aliases) else: if self.where and q_object.connector != AND and len(q_object) > 1: self.where.start_subtree(AND) subtree = True else: subtree = False connector = AND if q_object.connector == OR and not force_having: force_having = self.need_force_having(q_object) for child in q_object.children: if connector == OR: refcounts_before = self.alias_refcount.copy() if force_having: self.having.start_subtree(connector) else: self.where.start_subtree(connector) if isinstance(child, Node): self.add_q(child, used_aliases, force_having=force_having) else: self.add_filter(child, connector, q_object.negated, can_reuse=used_aliases, force_having=force_having) if force_having: self.having.end_subtree() else: self.where.end_subtree() if connector == OR: # Aliases that were newly added or not used at all need to # be promoted to outer joins if they are nullable relations. # (they shouldn't turn the whole conditional into the empty # set just because they don't match anything). self.promote_unused_aliases(refcounts_before, used_aliases) connector = q_object.connector if q_object.negated: self.where.negate() if subtree: self.where.end_subtree() if self.filter_is_sticky: self.used_aliases = used_aliases def setup_joins(self, names, opts, alias, dupe_multis, allow_many=True, allow_explicit_fk=False, can_reuse=None, negate=False, process_extras=True): """ Compute the necessary table joins for the passage through the fields given in 'names'. 'opts' is the Options class for the current model (which gives the table we are joining to), 'alias' is the alias for the table we are joining to. If dupe_multis is True, any many-to-many or many-to-one joins will always create a new alias (necessary for disjunctive filters). If can_reuse is not None, it's a list of aliases that can be reused in these joins (nothing else can be reused in this case). Finally, 'negate' is used in the same sense as for add_filter() -- it indicates an exclude() filter, or something similar. It is only passed in here so that it can be passed to a field's extra_filter() for customised behaviour. Returns the final field involved in the join, the target database column (used for any 'where' constraint), the final 'opts' value and the list of tables joined. """ joins = [alias] last = [0] dupe_set = set() exclusions = set() extra_filters = [] int_alias = None for pos, name in enumerate(names): if int_alias is not None: exclusions.add(int_alias) exclusions.add(alias) last.append(len(joins)) if name == 'pk': name = opts.pk.name try: field, model, direct, m2m = opts.get_field_by_name(name) except FieldDoesNotExist: for f in opts.fields: if allow_explicit_fk and name == f.attname: # XXX: A hack to allow foo_id to work in values() for # backwards compatibility purposes. If we dropped that # feature, this could be removed. field, model, direct, m2m = opts.get_field_by_name(f.name) break else: names = opts.get_all_field_names() + self.aggregate_select.keys() raise FieldError("Cannot resolve keyword %r into field. " "Choices are: %s" % (name, ", ".join(names))) if not allow_many and (m2m or not direct): for alias in joins: self.unref_alias(alias) raise MultiJoin(pos + 1) if model: # The field lives on a base class of the current model. # Skip the chain of proxy to the concrete proxied model proxied_model = get_proxied_model(opts) for int_model in opts.get_base_chain(model): if int_model is proxied_model: opts = int_model._meta else: lhs_col = opts.parents[int_model].column dedupe = lhs_col in opts.duplicate_targets if dedupe: exclusions.update(self.dupe_avoidance.get( (id(opts), lhs_col), ())) dupe_set.add((opts, lhs_col)) opts = int_model._meta alias = self.join((alias, opts.db_table, lhs_col, opts.pk.column), exclusions=exclusions) joins.append(alias) exclusions.add(alias) for (dupe_opts, dupe_col) in dupe_set: self.update_dupe_avoidance(dupe_opts, dupe_col, alias) cached_data = opts._join_cache.get(name) orig_opts = opts dupe_col = direct and field.column or field.field.column dedupe = dupe_col in opts.duplicate_targets if dupe_set or dedupe: if dedupe: dupe_set.add((opts, dupe_col)) exclusions.update(self.dupe_avoidance.get((id(opts), dupe_col), ())) if process_extras and hasattr(field, 'extra_filters'): extra_filters.extend(field.extra_filters(names, pos, negate)) if direct: if m2m: # Many-to-many field defined on the current model. if cached_data: (table1, from_col1, to_col1, table2, from_col2, to_col2, opts, target) = cached_data else: table1 = field.m2m_db_table() from_col1 = opts.get_field_by_name( field.m2m_target_field_name())[0].column to_col1 = field.m2m_column_name() opts = field.rel.to._meta table2 = opts.db_table from_col2 = field.m2m_reverse_name() to_col2 = opts.get_field_by_name( field.m2m_reverse_target_field_name())[0].column target = opts.pk orig_opts._join_cache[name] = (table1, from_col1, to_col1, table2, from_col2, to_col2, opts, target) int_alias = self.join((alias, table1, from_col1, to_col1), dupe_multis, exclusions, nullable=True, reuse=can_reuse) if int_alias == table2 and from_col2 == to_col2: joins.append(int_alias) alias = int_alias else: alias = self.join( (int_alias, table2, from_col2, to_col2), dupe_multis, exclusions, nullable=True, reuse=can_reuse) joins.extend([int_alias, alias]) elif field.rel: # One-to-one or many-to-one field if cached_data: (table, from_col, to_col, opts, target) = cached_data else: opts = field.rel.to._meta target = field.rel.get_related_field() table = opts.db_table from_col = field.column to_col = target.column orig_opts._join_cache[name] = (table, from_col, to_col, opts, target) alias = self.join((alias, table, from_col, to_col), exclusions=exclusions, nullable=field.null) joins.append(alias) else: # Non-relation fields. target = field break else: orig_field = field field = field.field if m2m: # Many-to-many field defined on the target model. if cached_data: (table1, from_col1, to_col1, table2, from_col2, to_col2, opts, target) = cached_data else: table1 = field.m2m_db_table() from_col1 = opts.get_field_by_name( field.m2m_reverse_target_field_name())[0].column to_col1 = field.m2m_reverse_name() opts = orig_field.opts table2 = opts.db_table from_col2 = field.m2m_column_name() to_col2 = opts.get_field_by_name( field.m2m_target_field_name())[0].column target = opts.pk orig_opts._join_cache[name] = (table1, from_col1, to_col1, table2, from_col2, to_col2, opts, target) int_alias = self.join((alias, table1, from_col1, to_col1), dupe_multis, exclusions, nullable=True, reuse=can_reuse) alias = self.join((int_alias, table2, from_col2, to_col2), dupe_multis, exclusions, nullable=True, reuse=can_reuse) joins.extend([int_alias, alias]) else: # One-to-many field (ForeignKey defined on the target model) if cached_data: (table, from_col, to_col, opts, target) = cached_data else: local_field = opts.get_field_by_name( field.rel.field_name)[0] opts = orig_field.opts table = opts.db_table from_col = local_field.column to_col = field.column # In case of a recursive FK, use the to_field for # reverse lookups as well if orig_field.model is local_field.model: target = opts.get_field_by_name( field.rel.field_name)[0] else: target = opts.pk orig_opts._join_cache[name] = (table, from_col, to_col, opts, target) alias = self.join((alias, table, from_col, to_col), dupe_multis, exclusions, nullable=True, reuse=can_reuse) joins.append(alias) for (dupe_opts, dupe_col) in dupe_set: if int_alias is None: to_avoid = alias else: to_avoid = int_alias self.update_dupe_avoidance(dupe_opts, dupe_col, to_avoid) if pos != len(names) - 1: if pos == len(names) - 2: raise FieldError("Join on field %r not permitted. Did you misspell %r for the lookup type?" % (name, names[pos + 1])) else: raise FieldError("Join on field %r not permitted." % name) return field, target, opts, joins, last, extra_filters def trim_joins(self, target, join_list, last, trim): """ Sometimes joins at the end of a multi-table sequence can be trimmed. If the final join is against the same column as we are comparing against, and is an inner join, we can go back one step in a join chain and compare against the LHS of the join instead (and then repeat the optimization). The result, potentially, involves less table joins. The 'target' parameter is the final field being joined to, 'join_list' is the full list of join aliases. The 'last' list contains offsets into 'join_list', corresponding to each component of the filter. Many-to-many relations, for example, add two tables to the join list and we want to deal with both tables the same way, so 'last' has an entry for the first of the two tables and then the table immediately after the second table, in that case. The 'trim' parameter forces the final piece of the join list to be trimmed before anything. See the documentation of add_filter() for details about this. Returns the final active column and table alias and the new active join_list. """ final = len(join_list) penultimate = last.pop() if penultimate == final: penultimate = last.pop() if trim and len(join_list) > 1: extra = join_list[penultimate:] join_list = join_list[:penultimate] final = penultimate penultimate = last.pop() col = self.alias_map[extra[0]][LHS_JOIN_COL] for alias in extra: self.unref_alias(alias) else: col = target.column alias = join_list[-1] while final > 1: join = self.alias_map[alias] if col != join[RHS_JOIN_COL] or join[JOIN_TYPE] != self.INNER: break self.unref_alias(alias) alias = join[LHS_ALIAS] col = join[LHS_JOIN_COL] join_list = join_list[:-1] final -= 1 if final == penultimate: penultimate = last.pop() return col, alias, join_list def update_dupe_avoidance(self, opts, col, alias): """ For a column that is one of multiple pointing to the same table, update the internal data structures to note that this alias shouldn't be used for those other columns. """ ident = id(opts) for name in opts.duplicate_targets[col]: try: self.dupe_avoidance[ident, name].add(alias) except KeyError: self.dupe_avoidance[ident, name] = set([alias]) def split_exclude(self, filter_expr, prefix, can_reuse): """ When doing an exclude against any kind of N-to-many relation, we need to use a subquery. This method constructs the nested query, given the original exclude filter (filter_expr) and the portion up to the first N-to-many relation field. """ query = Query(self.model) query.add_filter(filter_expr, can_reuse=can_reuse) query.bump_prefix() query.clear_ordering(True) query.set_start(prefix) # Adding extra check to make sure the selected field will not be null # since we are adding a IN <subquery> clause. This prevents the # database from tripping over IN (...,NULL,...) selects and returning # nothing alias, col = query.select[0] query.where.add((Constraint(alias, col, None), 'isnull', False), AND) self.add_filter(('%s__in' % prefix, query), negate=True, trim=True, can_reuse=can_reuse) # If there's more than one join in the inner query (before any initial # bits were trimmed -- which means the last active table is more than # two places into the alias list), we need to also handle the # possibility that the earlier joins don't match anything by adding a # comparison to NULL (e.g. in # Tag.objects.exclude(parent__parent__name='t1'), a tag with no parent # would otherwise be overlooked). active_positions = [pos for (pos, count) in enumerate(query.alias_refcount.itervalues()) if count] if active_positions[-1] > 1: self.add_filter(('%s__isnull' % prefix, False), negate=True, trim=True, can_reuse=can_reuse) def set_limits(self, low=None, high=None): """ Adjusts the limits on the rows retrieved. We use low/high to set these, as it makes it more Pythonic to read and write. When the SQL query is created, they are converted to the appropriate offset and limit values. Any limits passed in here are applied relative to the existing constraints. So low is added to the current low value and both will be clamped to any existing high value. """ if high is not None: if self.high_mark is not None: self.high_mark = min(self.high_mark, self.low_mark + high) else: self.high_mark = self.low_mark + high if low is not None: if self.high_mark is not None: self.low_mark = min(self.high_mark, self.low_mark + low) else: self.low_mark = self.low_mark + low def clear_limits(self): """ Clears any existing limits. """ self.low_mark, self.high_mark = 0, None def can_filter(self): """ Returns True if adding filters to this instance is still possible. Typically, this means no limits or offsets have been put on the results. """ return not self.low_mark and self.high_mark is None def clear_select_fields(self): """ Clears the list of fields to select (but not extra_select columns). Some queryset types completely replace any existing list of select columns. """ self.select = [] self.select_fields = [] def add_fields(self, field_names, allow_m2m=True): """ Adds the given (model) fields to the select set. The field names are added in the order specified. """ alias = self.get_initial_alias() opts = self.get_meta() try: for name in field_names: field, target, u2, joins, u3, u4 = self.setup_joins( name.split(LOOKUP_SEP), opts, alias, False, allow_m2m, True) final_alias = joins[-1] col = target.column if len(joins) > 1: join = self.alias_map[final_alias] if col == join[RHS_JOIN_COL]: self.unref_alias(final_alias) final_alias = join[LHS_ALIAS] col = join[LHS_JOIN_COL] joins = joins[:-1] self.promote_alias_chain(joins[1:]) self.select.append((final_alias, col)) self.select_fields.append(field) except MultiJoin: raise FieldError("Invalid field name: '%s'" % name) except FieldError: names = opts.get_all_field_names() + self.extra.keys() + self.aggregate_select.keys() names.sort() raise FieldError("Cannot resolve keyword %r into field. " "Choices are: %s" % (name, ", ".join(names))) self.remove_inherited_models() def add_ordering(self, *ordering): """ Adds items from the 'ordering' sequence to the query's "order by" clause. These items are either field names (not column names) -- possibly with a direction prefix ('-' or '?') -- or ordinals, corresponding to column positions in the 'select' list. If 'ordering' is empty, all ordering is cleared from the query. """ errors = [] for item in ordering: if not ORDER_PATTERN.match(item): errors.append(item) if errors: raise FieldError('Invalid order_by arguments: %s' % errors) if ordering: self.order_by.extend(ordering) else: self.default_ordering = False def clear_ordering(self, force_empty=False): """ Removes any ordering settings. If 'force_empty' is True, there will be no ordering in the resulting query (not even the model's default). """ self.order_by = [] self.extra_order_by = () if force_empty: self.default_ordering = False def set_group_by(self): """ Expands the GROUP BY clause required by the query. This will usually be the set of all non-aggregate fields in the return data. If the database backend supports grouping by the primary key, and the query would be equivalent, the optimization will be made automatically. """ self.group_by = [] for sel in self.select: self.group_by.append(sel) def add_count_column(self): """ Converts the query to do count(...) or count(distinct(pk)) in order to get its size. """ if not self.distinct: if not self.select: count = self.aggregates_module.Count('*', is_summary=True) else: assert len(self.select) == 1, \ "Cannot add count col with multiple cols in 'select': %r" % self.select count = self.aggregates_module.Count(self.select[0]) else: opts = self.model._meta if not self.select: count = self.aggregates_module.Count((self.join((None, opts.db_table, None, None)), opts.pk.column), is_summary=True, distinct=True) else: # Because of SQL portability issues, multi-column, distinct # counts need a sub-query -- see get_count() for details. assert len(self.select) == 1, \ "Cannot add count col with multiple cols in 'select'." count = self.aggregates_module.Count(self.select[0], distinct=True) # Distinct handling is done in Count(), so don't do it at this # level. self.distinct = False # Set only aggregate to be the count column. # Clear out the select cache to reflect the new unmasked aggregates. self.aggregates = {None: count} self.set_aggregate_mask(None) self.group_by = None def add_select_related(self, fields): """ Sets up the select_related data structure so that we only select certain related models (as opposed to all models, when self.select_related=True). """ field_dict = {} for field in fields: d = field_dict for part in field.split(LOOKUP_SEP): d = d.setdefault(part, {}) self.select_related = field_dict self.related_select_cols = [] self.related_select_fields = [] def add_extra(self, select, select_params, where, params, tables, order_by): """ Adds data to the various extra_* attributes for user-created additions to the query. """ if select: # We need to pair any placeholder markers in the 'select' # dictionary with their parameters in 'select_params' so that # subsequent updates to the select dictionary also adjust the # parameters appropriately. select_pairs = SortedDict() if select_params: param_iter = iter(select_params) else: param_iter = iter([]) for name, entry in select.items(): entry = force_unicode(entry) entry_params = [] pos = entry.find("%s") while pos != -1: entry_params.append(param_iter.next()) pos = entry.find("%s", pos + 2) select_pairs[name] = (entry, entry_params) # This is order preserving, since self.extra_select is a SortedDict. self.extra.update(select_pairs) if where or params: self.where.add(ExtraWhere(where, params), AND) if tables: self.extra_tables += tuple(tables) if order_by: self.extra_order_by = order_by def clear_deferred_loading(self): """ Remove any fields from the deferred loading set. """ self.deferred_loading = (set(), True) def add_deferred_loading(self, field_names): """ Add the given list of model field names to the set of fields to exclude from loading from the database when automatic column selection is done. The new field names are added to any existing field names that are deferred (or removed from any existing field names that are marked as the only ones for immediate loading). """ # Fields on related models are stored in the literal double-underscore # format, so that we can use a set datastructure. We do the foo__bar # splitting and handling when computing the SQL colum names (as part of # get_columns()). existing, defer = self.deferred_loading if defer: # Add to existing deferred names. self.deferred_loading = existing.union(field_names), True else: # Remove names from the set of any existing "immediate load" names. self.deferred_loading = existing.difference(field_names), False def add_immediate_loading(self, field_names): """ Add the given list of model field names to the set of fields to retrieve when the SQL is executed ("immediate loading" fields). The field names replace any existing immediate loading field names. If there are field names already specified for deferred loading, those names are removed from the new field_names before storing the new names for immediate loading. (That is, immediate loading overrides any existing immediate values, but respects existing deferrals.) """ existing, defer = self.deferred_loading if defer: # Remove any existing deferred names from the current set before # setting the new names. self.deferred_loading = set(field_names).difference(existing), False else: # Replace any existing "immediate load" field names. self.deferred_loading = set(field_names), False def get_loaded_field_names(self): """ If any fields are marked to be deferred, returns a dictionary mapping models to a set of names in those fields that will be loaded. If a model is not in the returned dictionary, none of it's fields are deferred. If no fields are marked for deferral, returns an empty dictionary. """ collection = {} self.deferred_to_data(collection, self.get_loaded_field_names_cb) return collection def get_loaded_field_names_cb(self, target, model, fields): """ Callback used by get_deferred_field_names(). """ target[model] = set([f.name for f in fields]) def set_aggregate_mask(self, names): "Set the mask of aggregates that will actually be returned by the SELECT" if names is None: self.aggregate_select_mask = None else: self.aggregate_select_mask = set(names) self._aggregate_select_cache = None def set_extra_mask(self, names): """ Set the mask of extra select items that will be returned by SELECT, we don't actually remove them from the Query since they might be used later """ if names is None: self.extra_select_mask = None else: self.extra_select_mask = set(names) self._extra_select_cache = None def _aggregate_select(self): """The SortedDict of aggregate columns that are not masked, and should be used in the SELECT clause. This result is cached for optimization purposes. """ if self._aggregate_select_cache is not None: return self._aggregate_select_cache elif self.aggregate_select_mask is not None: self._aggregate_select_cache = SortedDict([ (k,v) for k,v in self.aggregates.items() if k in self.aggregate_select_mask ]) return self._aggregate_select_cache else: return self.aggregates aggregate_select = property(_aggregate_select) def _extra_select(self): if self._extra_select_cache is not None: return self._extra_select_cache elif self.extra_select_mask is not None: self._extra_select_cache = SortedDict([ (k,v) for k,v in self.extra.items() if k in self.extra_select_mask ]) return self._extra_select_cache else: return self.extra extra_select = property(_extra_select) def set_start(self, start): """ Sets the table from which to start joining. The start position is specified by the related attribute from the base model. This will automatically set to the select column to be the column linked from the previous table. This method is primarily for internal use and the error checking isn't as friendly as add_filter(). Mostly useful for querying directly against the join table of many-to-many relation in a subquery. """ opts = self.model._meta alias = self.get_initial_alias() field, col, opts, joins, last, extra = self.setup_joins( start.split(LOOKUP_SEP), opts, alias, False) select_col = self.alias_map[joins[1]][LHS_JOIN_COL] select_alias = alias # The call to setup_joins added an extra reference to everything in # joins. Reverse that. for alias in joins: self.unref_alias(alias) # We might be able to trim some joins from the front of this query, # providing that we only traverse "always equal" connections (i.e. rhs # is *always* the same value as lhs). for alias in joins[1:]: join_info = self.alias_map[alias] if (join_info[LHS_JOIN_COL] != select_col or join_info[JOIN_TYPE] != self.INNER): break self.unref_alias(select_alias) select_alias = join_info[RHS_ALIAS] select_col = join_info[RHS_JOIN_COL] self.select = [(select_alias, select_col)] self.remove_inherited_models() def get_order_dir(field, default='ASC'): """ Returns the field name and direction for an order specification. For example, '-foo' is returned as ('foo', 'DESC'). The 'default' param is used to indicate which way no prefix (or a '+' prefix) should sort. The '-' prefix always sorts the opposite way. """ dirn = ORDER_DIR[default] if field[0] == '-': return field[1:], dirn[1] return field, dirn[0] def setup_join_cache(sender, **kwargs): """ The information needed to join between model fields is something that is invariant over the life of the model, so we cache it in the model's Options class, rather than recomputing it all the time. This method initialises the (empty) cache when the model is created. """ sender._meta._join_cache = {} signals.class_prepared.connect(setup_join_cache) def add_to_dict(data, key, value): """ A helper function to add "value" to the set of values for "key", whether or not "key" already exists. """ if key in data: data[key].add(value) else: data[key] = set([value]) def get_proxied_model(opts): int_opts = opts proxied_model = None while int_opts.proxy: proxied_model = int_opts.proxy_for_model int_opts = proxied_model._meta return proxied_model
Python
from django.core.exceptions import FieldError from django.db import connections from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name from django.db.models.sql.constants import * from django.db.models.sql.datastructures import EmptyResultSet from django.db.models.sql.expressions import SQLEvaluator from django.db.models.sql.query import get_proxied_model, get_order_dir, \ select_related_descend, Query class SQLCompiler(object): def __init__(self, query, connection, using): self.query = query self.connection = connection self.using = using self.quote_cache = {} def pre_sql_setup(self): """ Does any necessary class setup immediately prior to producing SQL. This is for things that can't necessarily be done in __init__ because we might not have all the pieces in place at that time. """ if not self.query.tables: self.query.join((None, self.query.model._meta.db_table, None, None)) if (not self.query.select and self.query.default_cols and not self.query.included_inherited_models): self.query.setup_inherited_models() if self.query.select_related and not self.query.related_select_cols: self.fill_related_selections() def quote_name_unless_alias(self, name): """ A wrapper around connection.ops.quote_name that doesn't quote aliases for table names. This avoids problems with some SQL dialects that treat quoted strings specially (e.g. PostgreSQL). """ if name in self.quote_cache: return self.quote_cache[name] if ((name in self.query.alias_map and name not in self.query.table_map) or name in self.query.extra_select): self.quote_cache[name] = name return name r = self.connection.ops.quote_name(name) self.quote_cache[name] = r return r def as_sql(self, with_limits=True, with_col_aliases=False): """ Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of parameters. If 'with_limits' is False, any limit/offset information is not included in the query. """ if with_limits and self.query.low_mark == self.query.high_mark: return '', () self.pre_sql_setup() out_cols = self.get_columns(with_col_aliases) ordering, ordering_group_by = self.get_ordering() # This must come after 'select' and 'ordering' -- see docstring of # get_from_clause() for details. from_, f_params = self.get_from_clause() qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias where, w_params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) having, h_params = self.query.having.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) params = [] for val in self.query.extra_select.itervalues(): params.extend(val[1]) result = ['SELECT'] if self.query.distinct: result.append('DISTINCT') result.append(', '.join(out_cols + self.query.ordering_aliases)) result.append('FROM') result.extend(from_) params.extend(f_params) if where: result.append('WHERE %s' % where) params.extend(w_params) grouping, gb_params = self.get_grouping() if grouping: if ordering: # If the backend can't group by PK (i.e., any database # other than MySQL), then any fields mentioned in the # ordering clause needs to be in the group by clause. if not self.connection.features.allows_group_by_pk: for col, col_params in ordering_group_by: if col not in grouping: grouping.append(str(col)) gb_params.extend(col_params) else: ordering = self.connection.ops.force_no_ordering() result.append('GROUP BY %s' % ', '.join(grouping)) params.extend(gb_params) if having: result.append('HAVING %s' % having) params.extend(h_params) if ordering: result.append('ORDER BY %s' % ', '.join(ordering)) if with_limits: if self.query.high_mark is not None: result.append('LIMIT %d' % (self.query.high_mark - self.query.low_mark)) if self.query.low_mark: if self.query.high_mark is None: val = self.connection.ops.no_limit_value() if val: result.append('LIMIT %d' % val) result.append('OFFSET %d' % self.query.low_mark) return ' '.join(result), tuple(params) def as_nested_sql(self): """ Perform the same functionality as the as_sql() method, returning an SQL string and parameters. However, the alias prefixes are bumped beforehand (in a copy -- the current query isn't changed), and any ordering is removed if the query is unsliced. Used when nesting this query inside another. """ obj = self.query.clone() if obj.low_mark == 0 and obj.high_mark is None: # If there is no slicing in use, then we can safely drop all ordering obj.clear_ordering(True) obj.bump_prefix() return obj.get_compiler(connection=self.connection).as_sql() def get_columns(self, with_aliases=False): """ Returns the list of columns to use in the select statement. If no columns have been specified, returns all columns relating to fields in the model. If 'with_aliases' is true, any column names that are duplicated (without the table names) are given unique aliases. This is needed in some cases to avoid ambiguity with nested queries. """ qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name result = ['(%s) AS %s' % (col[0], qn2(alias)) for alias, col in self.query.extra_select.iteritems()] aliases = set(self.query.extra_select.keys()) if with_aliases: col_aliases = aliases.copy() else: col_aliases = set() if self.query.select: only_load = self.deferred_to_columns() for col in self.query.select: if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)): alias, column = col table = self.query.alias_map[alias][TABLE_NAME] if table in only_load and col not in only_load[table]: continue r = '%s.%s' % (qn(alias), qn(column)) if with_aliases: if col[1] in col_aliases: c_alias = 'Col%d' % len(col_aliases) result.append('%s AS %s' % (r, c_alias)) aliases.add(c_alias) col_aliases.add(c_alias) else: result.append('%s AS %s' % (r, qn2(col[1]))) aliases.add(r) col_aliases.add(col[1]) else: result.append(r) aliases.add(r) col_aliases.add(col[1]) else: result.append(col.as_sql(qn, self.connection)) if hasattr(col, 'alias'): aliases.add(col.alias) col_aliases.add(col.alias) elif self.query.default_cols: cols, new_aliases = self.get_default_columns(with_aliases, col_aliases) result.extend(cols) aliases.update(new_aliases) max_name_length = self.connection.ops.max_name_length() result.extend([ '%s%s' % ( aggregate.as_sql(qn, self.connection), alias is not None and ' AS %s' % qn(truncate_name(alias, max_name_length)) or '' ) for alias, aggregate in self.query.aggregate_select.items() ]) for table, col in self.query.related_select_cols: r = '%s.%s' % (qn(table), qn(col)) if with_aliases and col in col_aliases: c_alias = 'Col%d' % len(col_aliases) result.append('%s AS %s' % (r, c_alias)) aliases.add(c_alias) col_aliases.add(c_alias) else: result.append(r) aliases.add(r) col_aliases.add(col) self._select_aliases = aliases return result def get_default_columns(self, with_aliases=False, col_aliases=None, start_alias=None, opts=None, as_pairs=False, local_only=False): """ Computes the default columns for selecting every field in the base model. Will sometimes be called to pull in related models (e.g. via select_related), in which case "opts" and "start_alias" will be given to provide a starting point for the traversal. Returns a list of strings, quoted appropriately for use in SQL directly, as well as a set of aliases used in the select statement (if 'as_pairs' is True, returns a list of (alias, col_name) pairs instead of strings as the first component and None as the second component). """ result = [] if opts is None: opts = self.query.model._meta qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name aliases = set() only_load = self.deferred_to_columns() # Skip all proxy to the root proxied model proxied_model = get_proxied_model(opts) if start_alias: seen = {None: start_alias} for field, model in opts.get_fields_with_model(): if local_only and model is not None: continue if start_alias: try: alias = seen[model] except KeyError: if model is proxied_model: alias = start_alias else: link_field = opts.get_ancestor_link(model) alias = self.query.join((start_alias, model._meta.db_table, link_field.column, model._meta.pk.column)) seen[model] = alias else: # If we're starting from the base model of the queryset, the # aliases will have already been set up in pre_sql_setup(), so # we can save time here. alias = self.query.included_inherited_models[model] table = self.query.alias_map[alias][TABLE_NAME] if table in only_load and field.column not in only_load[table]: continue if as_pairs: result.append((alias, field.column)) aliases.add(alias) continue if with_aliases and field.column in col_aliases: c_alias = 'Col%d' % len(col_aliases) result.append('%s.%s AS %s' % (qn(alias), qn2(field.column), c_alias)) col_aliases.add(c_alias) aliases.add(c_alias) else: r = '%s.%s' % (qn(alias), qn2(field.column)) result.append(r) aliases.add(r) if with_aliases: col_aliases.add(field.column) return result, aliases def get_ordering(self): """ Returns a tuple containing a list representing the SQL elements in the "order by" clause, and the list of SQL elements that need to be added to the GROUP BY clause as a result of the ordering. Also sets the ordering_aliases attribute on this instance to a list of extra aliases needed in the select. Determining the ordering SQL can change the tables we need to include, so this should be run *before* get_from_clause(). """ if self.query.extra_order_by: ordering = self.query.extra_order_by elif not self.query.default_ordering: ordering = self.query.order_by else: ordering = self.query.order_by or self.query.model._meta.ordering qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name distinct = self.query.distinct select_aliases = self._select_aliases result = [] group_by = [] ordering_aliases = [] if self.query.standard_ordering: asc, desc = ORDER_DIR['ASC'] else: asc, desc = ORDER_DIR['DESC'] # It's possible, due to model inheritance, that normal usage might try # to include the same field more than once in the ordering. We track # the table/column pairs we use and discard any after the first use. processed_pairs = set() for field in ordering: if field == '?': result.append(self.connection.ops.random_function_sql()) continue if isinstance(field, int): if field < 0: order = desc field = -field else: order = asc result.append('%s %s' % (field, order)) group_by.append((field, [])) continue col, order = get_order_dir(field, asc) if col in self.query.aggregate_select: result.append('%s %s' % (qn(col), order)) continue if '.' in field: # This came in through an extra(order_by=...) addition. Pass it # on verbatim. table, col = col.split('.', 1) if (table, col) not in processed_pairs: elt = '%s.%s' % (qn(table), col) processed_pairs.add((table, col)) if not distinct or elt in select_aliases: result.append('%s %s' % (elt, order)) group_by.append((elt, [])) elif get_order_dir(field)[0] not in self.query.extra_select: # 'col' is of the form 'field' or 'field1__field2' or # '-field1__field2__field', etc. for table, col, order in self.find_ordering_name(field, self.query.model._meta, default_order=asc): if (table, col) not in processed_pairs: elt = '%s.%s' % (qn(table), qn2(col)) processed_pairs.add((table, col)) if distinct and elt not in select_aliases: ordering_aliases.append(elt) result.append('%s %s' % (elt, order)) group_by.append((elt, [])) else: elt = qn2(col) if distinct and col not in select_aliases: ordering_aliases.append(elt) result.append('%s %s' % (elt, order)) group_by.append(self.query.extra_select[col]) self.query.ordering_aliases = ordering_aliases return result, group_by def find_ordering_name(self, name, opts, alias=None, default_order='ASC', already_seen=None): """ Returns the table alias (the name might be ambiguous, the alias will not be) and column name for ordering by the given 'name' parameter. The 'name' is of the form 'field1__field2__...__fieldN'. """ name, order = get_order_dir(name, default_order) pieces = name.split(LOOKUP_SEP) if not alias: alias = self.query.get_initial_alias() field, target, opts, joins, last, extra = self.query.setup_joins(pieces, opts, alias, False) alias = joins[-1] col = target.column if not field.rel: # To avoid inadvertent trimming of a necessary alias, use the # refcount to show that we are referencing a non-relation field on # the model. self.query.ref_alias(alias) # Must use left outer joins for nullable fields and their relations. self.query.promote_alias_chain(joins, self.query.alias_map[joins[0]][JOIN_TYPE] == self.query.LOUTER) # If we get to this point and the field is a relation to another model, # append the default ordering for that model. if field.rel and len(joins) > 1 and opts.ordering: # Firstly, avoid infinite loops. if not already_seen: already_seen = set() join_tuple = tuple([self.query.alias_map[j][TABLE_NAME] for j in joins]) if join_tuple in already_seen: raise FieldError('Infinite loop caused by ordering.') already_seen.add(join_tuple) results = [] for item in opts.ordering: results.extend(self.find_ordering_name(item, opts, alias, order, already_seen)) return results if alias: # We have to do the same "final join" optimisation as in # add_filter, since the final column might not otherwise be part of # the select set (so we can't order on it). while 1: join = self.query.alias_map[alias] if col != join[RHS_JOIN_COL]: break self.query.unref_alias(alias) alias = join[LHS_ALIAS] col = join[LHS_JOIN_COL] return [(alias, col, order)] def get_from_clause(self): """ Returns a list of strings that are joined together to go after the "FROM" part of the query, as well as a list any extra parameters that need to be included. Sub-classes, can override this to create a from-clause via a "select". This should only be called after any SQL construction methods that might change the tables we need. This means the select columns and ordering must be done first. """ result = [] qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias qn2 = self.connection.ops.quote_name first = True for alias in self.query.tables: if not self.query.alias_refcount[alias]: continue try: name, alias, join_type, lhs, lhs_col, col, nullable = self.query.alias_map[alias] except KeyError: # Extra tables can end up in self.tables, but not in the # alias_map if they aren't in a join. That's OK. We skip them. continue alias_str = (alias != name and ' %s' % alias or '') if join_type and not first: result.append('%s %s%s ON (%s.%s = %s.%s)' % (join_type, qn(name), alias_str, qn(lhs), qn2(lhs_col), qn(alias), qn2(col))) else: connector = not first and ', ' or '' result.append('%s%s%s' % (connector, qn(name), alias_str)) first = False for t in self.query.extra_tables: alias, unused = self.query.table_alias(t) # Only add the alias if it's not already present (the table_alias() # calls increments the refcount, so an alias refcount of one means # this is the only reference. if alias not in self.query.alias_map or self.query.alias_refcount[alias] == 1: connector = not first and ', ' or '' result.append('%s%s' % (connector, qn(alias))) first = False return result, [] def get_grouping(self): """ Returns a tuple representing the SQL elements in the "group by" clause. """ qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias result, params = [], [] if self.query.group_by is not None: if (len(self.query.model._meta.fields) == len(self.query.select) and self.connection.features.allows_group_by_pk): self.query.group_by = [ (self.query.model._meta.db_table, self.query.model._meta.pk.column) ] group_by = self.query.group_by or [] extra_selects = [] for extra_select, extra_params in self.query.extra_select.itervalues(): extra_selects.append(extra_select) params.extend(extra_params) cols = (group_by + self.query.select + self.query.related_select_cols + extra_selects) for col in cols: if isinstance(col, (list, tuple)): result.append('%s.%s' % (qn(col[0]), qn(col[1]))) elif hasattr(col, 'as_sql'): result.append(col.as_sql(qn, self.connection)) else: result.append('(%s)' % str(col)) return result, params def fill_related_selections(self, opts=None, root_alias=None, cur_depth=1, used=None, requested=None, restricted=None, nullable=None, dupe_set=None, avoid_set=None): """ Fill in the information needed for a select_related query. The current depth is measured as the number of connections away from the root model (for example, cur_depth=1 means we are looking at models with direct connections to the root model). """ if not restricted and self.query.max_depth and cur_depth > self.query.max_depth: # We've recursed far enough; bail out. return if not opts: opts = self.query.get_meta() root_alias = self.query.get_initial_alias() self.query.related_select_cols = [] self.query.related_select_fields = [] if not used: used = set() if dupe_set is None: dupe_set = set() if avoid_set is None: avoid_set = set() orig_dupe_set = dupe_set # Setup for the case when only particular related fields should be # included in the related selection. if requested is None: if isinstance(self.query.select_related, dict): requested = self.query.select_related restricted = True else: restricted = False for f, model in opts.get_fields_with_model(): if not select_related_descend(f, restricted, requested): continue # The "avoid" set is aliases we want to avoid just for this # particular branch of the recursion. They aren't permanently # forbidden from reuse in the related selection tables (which is # what "used" specifies). avoid = avoid_set.copy() dupe_set = orig_dupe_set.copy() table = f.rel.to._meta.db_table promote = nullable or f.null if model: int_opts = opts alias = root_alias alias_chain = [] for int_model in opts.get_base_chain(model): # Proxy model have elements in base chain # with no parents, assign the new options # object and skip to the next base in that # case if not int_opts.parents[int_model]: int_opts = int_model._meta continue lhs_col = int_opts.parents[int_model].column dedupe = lhs_col in opts.duplicate_targets if dedupe: avoid.update(self.query.dupe_avoidance.get((id(opts), lhs_col), ())) dupe_set.add((opts, lhs_col)) int_opts = int_model._meta alias = self.query.join((alias, int_opts.db_table, lhs_col, int_opts.pk.column), exclusions=used, promote=promote) alias_chain.append(alias) for (dupe_opts, dupe_col) in dupe_set: self.query.update_dupe_avoidance(dupe_opts, dupe_col, alias) if self.query.alias_map[root_alias][JOIN_TYPE] == self.query.LOUTER: self.query.promote_alias_chain(alias_chain, True) else: alias = root_alias dedupe = f.column in opts.duplicate_targets if dupe_set or dedupe: avoid.update(self.query.dupe_avoidance.get((id(opts), f.column), ())) if dedupe: dupe_set.add((opts, f.column)) alias = self.query.join((alias, table, f.column, f.rel.get_related_field().column), exclusions=used.union(avoid), promote=promote) used.add(alias) columns, aliases = self.get_default_columns(start_alias=alias, opts=f.rel.to._meta, as_pairs=True) self.query.related_select_cols.extend(columns) if self.query.alias_map[alias][JOIN_TYPE] == self.query.LOUTER: self.query.promote_alias_chain(aliases, True) self.query.related_select_fields.extend(f.rel.to._meta.fields) if restricted: next = requested.get(f.name, {}) else: next = False new_nullable = f.null or promote for dupe_opts, dupe_col in dupe_set: self.query.update_dupe_avoidance(dupe_opts, dupe_col, alias) self.fill_related_selections(f.rel.to._meta, alias, cur_depth + 1, used, next, restricted, new_nullable, dupe_set, avoid) if restricted: related_fields = [ (o.field, o.model) for o in opts.get_all_related_objects() if o.field.unique ] for f, model in related_fields: if not select_related_descend(f, restricted, requested, reverse=True): continue # The "avoid" set is aliases we want to avoid just for this # particular branch of the recursion. They aren't permanently # forbidden from reuse in the related selection tables (which is # what "used" specifies). avoid = avoid_set.copy() dupe_set = orig_dupe_set.copy() table = model._meta.db_table int_opts = opts alias = root_alias alias_chain = [] chain = opts.get_base_chain(f.rel.to) if chain is not None: for int_model in chain: # Proxy model have elements in base chain # with no parents, assign the new options # object and skip to the next base in that # case if not int_opts.parents[int_model]: int_opts = int_model._meta continue lhs_col = int_opts.parents[int_model].column dedupe = lhs_col in opts.duplicate_targets if dedupe: avoid.update((self.query.dupe_avoidance.get(id(opts), lhs_col), ())) dupe_set.add((opts, lhs_col)) int_opts = int_model._meta alias = self.query.join( (alias, int_opts.db_table, lhs_col, int_opts.pk.column), exclusions=used, promote=True, reuse=used ) alias_chain.append(alias) for dupe_opts, dupe_col in dupe_set: self.query.update_dupe_avoidance(dupe_opts, dupe_col, alias) dedupe = f.column in opts.duplicate_targets if dupe_set or dedupe: avoid.update(self.query.dupe_avoidance.get((id(opts), f.column), ())) if dedupe: dupe_set.add((opts, f.column)) alias = self.query.join( (alias, table, f.rel.get_related_field().column, f.column), exclusions=used.union(avoid), promote=True ) used.add(alias) columns, aliases = self.get_default_columns(start_alias=alias, opts=model._meta, as_pairs=True, local_only=True) self.query.related_select_cols.extend(columns) self.query.related_select_fields.extend(model._meta.fields) next = requested.get(f.related_query_name(), {}) new_nullable = f.null or None self.fill_related_selections(model._meta, table, cur_depth+1, used, next, restricted, new_nullable) def deferred_to_columns(self): """ Converts the self.deferred_loading data structure to mapping of table names to sets of column names which are to be loaded. Returns the dictionary. """ columns = {} self.query.deferred_to_data(columns, self.query.deferred_to_columns_cb) return columns def results_iter(self): """ Returns an iterator over the results from executing this query. """ resolve_columns = hasattr(self, 'resolve_columns') fields = None has_aggregate_select = bool(self.query.aggregate_select) for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): for row in rows: if resolve_columns: if fields is None: # We only set this up here because # related_select_fields isn't populated until # execute_sql() has been called. if self.query.select_fields: fields = self.query.select_fields + self.query.related_select_fields else: fields = self.query.model._meta.fields # If the field was deferred, exclude it from being passed # into `resolve_columns` because it wasn't selected. only_load = self.deferred_to_columns() if only_load: db_table = self.query.model._meta.db_table fields = [f for f in fields if db_table in only_load and f.column in only_load[db_table]] row = self.resolve_columns(row, fields) if has_aggregate_select: aggregate_start = len(self.query.extra_select.keys()) + len(self.query.select) aggregate_end = aggregate_start + len(self.query.aggregate_select) row = tuple(row[:aggregate_start]) + tuple([ self.query.resolve_aggregate(value, aggregate, self.connection) for (alias, aggregate), value in zip(self.query.aggregate_select.items(), row[aggregate_start:aggregate_end]) ]) + tuple(row[aggregate_end:]) yield row def has_results(self): # This is always executed on a query clone, so we can modify self.query self.query.add_extra({'a': 1}, None, None, None, None, None) self.query.set_extra_mask(('a',)) return bool(self.execute_sql(SINGLE)) def execute_sql(self, result_type=MULTI): """ Run the query against the database and returns the result(s). The return value is a single data item if result_type is SINGLE, or an iterator over the results if the result_type is MULTI. result_type is either MULTI (use fetchmany() to retrieve all rows), SINGLE (only retrieve a single row), or None. In this last case, the cursor is returned if any query is executed, since it's used by subclasses such as InsertQuery). It's possible, however, that no query is needed, as the filters describe an empty set. In that case, None is returned, to avoid any unnecessary database interaction. """ try: sql, params = self.as_sql() if not sql: raise EmptyResultSet except EmptyResultSet: if result_type == MULTI: return empty_iter() else: return cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.execute(sql, params) if not result_type: return cursor if result_type == SINGLE: if self.query.ordering_aliases: return cursor.fetchone()[:-len(self.query.ordering_aliases)] return cursor.fetchone() # The MULTI case. if self.query.ordering_aliases: result = order_modified_iter(cursor, len(self.query.ordering_aliases), self.connection.features.empty_fetchmany_value) else: result = iter((lambda: cursor.fetchmany(GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE)), self.connection.features.empty_fetchmany_value) if not self.connection.features.can_use_chunked_reads: # If we are using non-chunked reads, we return the same data # structure as normally, but ensure it is all read into memory # before going any further. return list(result) return result class SQLInsertCompiler(SQLCompiler): def placeholder(self, field, val): if field is None: # A field value of None means the value is raw. return val elif hasattr(field, 'get_placeholder'): # Some fields (e.g. geo fields) need special munging before # they can be inserted. return field.get_placeholder(val, self.connection) else: # Return the common case for the placeholder return '%s' def as_sql(self): # We don't need quote_name_unless_alias() here, since these are all # going to be column names (so we can avoid the extra overhead). qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name opts = self.query.model._meta result = ['INSERT INTO %s' % qn(opts.db_table)] result.append('(%s)' % ', '.join([qn(c) for c in self.query.columns])) values = [self.placeholder(*v) for v in self.query.values] result.append('VALUES (%s)' % ', '.join(values)) params = self.query.params if self.return_id and self.connection.features.can_return_id_from_insert: col = "%s.%s" % (qn(opts.db_table), qn(opts.pk.column)) r_fmt, r_params = self.connection.ops.return_insert_id() result.append(r_fmt % col) params = params + r_params return ' '.join(result), params def execute_sql(self, return_id=False): self.return_id = return_id cursor = super(SQLInsertCompiler, self).execute_sql(None) if not (return_id and cursor): return if self.connection.features.can_return_id_from_insert: return self.connection.ops.fetch_returned_insert_id(cursor) return self.connection.ops.last_insert_id(cursor, self.query.model._meta.db_table, self.query.model._meta.pk.column) class SQLDeleteCompiler(SQLCompiler): def as_sql(self): """ Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of parameters. """ assert len(self.query.tables) == 1, \ "Can only delete from one table at a time." qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias result = ['DELETE FROM %s' % qn(self.query.tables[0])] where, params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) result.append('WHERE %s' % where) return ' '.join(result), tuple(params) class SQLUpdateCompiler(SQLCompiler): def as_sql(self): """ Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of parameters. """ from django.db.models.base import Model self.pre_sql_setup() if not self.query.values: return '', () table = self.query.tables[0] qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias result = ['UPDATE %s' % qn(table)] result.append('SET') values, update_params = [], [] for field, model, val in self.query.values: if hasattr(val, 'prepare_database_save'): val = val.prepare_database_save(field) else: val = field.get_db_prep_save(val, connection=self.connection) # Getting the placeholder for the field. if hasattr(field, 'get_placeholder'): placeholder = field.get_placeholder(val, self.connection) else: placeholder = '%s' if hasattr(val, 'evaluate'): val = SQLEvaluator(val, self.query, allow_joins=False) name = field.column if hasattr(val, 'as_sql'): sql, params = val.as_sql(qn, self.connection) values.append('%s = %s' % (qn(name), sql)) update_params.extend(params) elif val is not None: values.append('%s = %s' % (qn(name), placeholder)) update_params.append(val) else: values.append('%s = NULL' % qn(name)) if not values: return '', () result.append(', '.join(values)) where, params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) if where: result.append('WHERE %s' % where) return ' '.join(result), tuple(update_params + params) def execute_sql(self, result_type): """ Execute the specified update. Returns the number of rows affected by the primary update query. The "primary update query" is the first non-empty query that is executed. Row counts for any subsequent, related queries are not available. """ cursor = super(SQLUpdateCompiler, self).execute_sql(result_type) rows = cursor and cursor.rowcount or 0 is_empty = cursor is None del cursor for query in self.query.get_related_updates(): aux_rows = query.get_compiler(self.using).execute_sql(result_type) if is_empty: rows = aux_rows is_empty = False return rows def pre_sql_setup(self): """ If the update depends on results from other tables, we need to do some munging of the "where" conditions to match the format required for (portable) SQL updates. That is done here. Further, if we are going to be running multiple updates, we pull out the id values to update at this point so that they don't change as a result of the progressive updates. """ self.query.select_related = False self.query.clear_ordering(True) super(SQLUpdateCompiler, self).pre_sql_setup() count = self.query.count_active_tables() if not self.query.related_updates and count == 1: return # We need to use a sub-select in the where clause to filter on things # from other tables. query = self.query.clone(klass=Query) query.bump_prefix() query.extra = {} query.select = [] query.add_fields([query.model._meta.pk.name]) must_pre_select = count > 1 and not self.connection.features.update_can_self_select # Now we adjust the current query: reset the where clause and get rid # of all the tables we don't need (since they're in the sub-select). self.query.where = self.query.where_class() if self.query.related_updates or must_pre_select: # Either we're using the idents in multiple update queries (so # don't want them to change), or the db backend doesn't support # selecting from the updating table (e.g. MySQL). idents = [] for rows in query.get_compiler(self.using).execute_sql(MULTI): idents.extend([r[0] for r in rows]) self.query.add_filter(('pk__in', idents)) self.query.related_ids = idents else: # The fast path. Filters and updates in one query. self.query.add_filter(('pk__in', query)) for alias in self.query.tables[1:]: self.query.alias_refcount[alias] = 0 class SQLAggregateCompiler(SQLCompiler): def as_sql(self, qn=None): """ Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of parameters. """ if qn is None: qn = self.quote_name_unless_alias sql = ('SELECT %s FROM (%s) subquery' % ( ', '.join([ aggregate.as_sql(qn, self.connection) for aggregate in self.query.aggregate_select.values() ]), self.query.subquery) ) params = self.query.sub_params return (sql, params) class SQLDateCompiler(SQLCompiler): def results_iter(self): """ Returns an iterator over the results from executing this query. """ resolve_columns = hasattr(self, 'resolve_columns') if resolve_columns: from django.db.models.fields import DateTimeField fields = [DateTimeField()] else: from django.db.backends.util import typecast_timestamp needs_string_cast = self.connection.features.needs_datetime_string_cast offset = len(self.query.extra_select) for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): for row in rows: date = row[offset] if resolve_columns: date = self.resolve_columns(row, fields)[offset] elif needs_string_cast: date = typecast_timestamp(str(date)) yield date def empty_iter(): """ Returns an iterator containing no results. """ yield iter([]).next() def order_modified_iter(cursor, trim, sentinel): """ Yields blocks of rows from a cursor. We use this iterator in the special case when extra output columns have been added to support ordering requirements. We must trim those extra columns before anything else can use the results, since they're only needed to make the SQL valid. """ for rows in iter((lambda: cursor.fetchmany(GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE)), sentinel): yield [r[:-trim] for r in rows]
Python
""" Query subclasses which provide extra functionality beyond simple data retrieval. """ from django.core.exceptions import FieldError from django.db import connections from django.db.models.fields import DateField, FieldDoesNotExist from django.db.models.sql.constants import * from django.db.models.sql.datastructures import Date from django.db.models.sql.expressions import SQLEvaluator from django.db.models.sql.query import Query from django.db.models.sql.where import AND, Constraint __all__ = ['DeleteQuery', 'UpdateQuery', 'InsertQuery', 'DateQuery', 'AggregateQuery'] class DeleteQuery(Query): """ Delete queries are done through this class, since they are more constrained than general queries. """ compiler = 'SQLDeleteCompiler' def do_query(self, table, where, using): self.tables = [table] self.where = where self.get_compiler(using).execute_sql(None) def delete_batch(self, pk_list, using, field=None): """ Set up and execute delete queries for all the objects in pk_list. More than one physical query may be executed if there are a lot of values in pk_list. """ if not field: field = self.model._meta.pk for offset in range(0, len(pk_list), GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE): where = self.where_class() where.add((Constraint(None, field.column, field), 'in', pk_list[offset : offset + GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE]), AND) self.do_query(self.model._meta.db_table, where, using=using) class UpdateQuery(Query): """ Represents an "update" SQL query. """ compiler = 'SQLUpdateCompiler' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(UpdateQuery, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self._setup_query() def _setup_query(self): """ Runs on initialization and after cloning. Any attributes that would normally be set in __init__ should go in here, instead, so that they are also set up after a clone() call. """ self.values = [] self.related_ids = None if not hasattr(self, 'related_updates'): self.related_updates = {} def clone(self, klass=None, **kwargs): return super(UpdateQuery, self).clone(klass, related_updates=self.related_updates.copy(), **kwargs) def update_batch(self, pk_list, values, using): pk_field = self.model._meta.pk self.add_update_values(values) for offset in range(0, len(pk_list), GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE): self.where = self.where_class() self.where.add((Constraint(None, pk_field.column, pk_field), 'in', pk_list[offset : offset + GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE]), AND) self.get_compiler(using).execute_sql(None) def add_update_values(self, values): """ Convert a dictionary of field name to value mappings into an update query. This is the entry point for the public update() method on querysets. """ values_seq = [] for name, val in values.iteritems(): field, model, direct, m2m = self.model._meta.get_field_by_name(name) if not direct or m2m: raise FieldError('Cannot update model field %r (only non-relations and foreign keys permitted).' % field) if model: self.add_related_update(model, field, val) continue values_seq.append((field, model, val)) return self.add_update_fields(values_seq) def add_update_fields(self, values_seq): """ Turn a sequence of (field, model, value) triples into an update query. Used by add_update_values() as well as the "fast" update path when saving models. """ self.values.extend(values_seq) def add_related_update(self, model, field, value): """ Adds (name, value) to an update query for an ancestor model. Updates are coalesced so that we only run one update query per ancestor. """ try: self.related_updates[model].append((field, None, value)) except KeyError: self.related_updates[model] = [(field, None, value)] def get_related_updates(self): """ Returns a list of query objects: one for each update required to an ancestor model. Each query will have the same filtering conditions as the current query but will only update a single table. """ if not self.related_updates: return [] result = [] for model, values in self.related_updates.iteritems(): query = UpdateQuery(model) query.values = values if self.related_ids is not None: query.add_filter(('pk__in', self.related_ids)) result.append(query) return result class InsertQuery(Query): compiler = 'SQLInsertCompiler' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(InsertQuery, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.columns = [] self.values = [] self.params = () def clone(self, klass=None, **kwargs): extras = { 'columns': self.columns[:], 'values': self.values[:], 'params': self.params } extras.update(kwargs) return super(InsertQuery, self).clone(klass, **extras) def insert_values(self, insert_values, raw_values=False): """ Set up the insert query from the 'insert_values' dictionary. The dictionary gives the model field names and their target values. If 'raw_values' is True, the values in the 'insert_values' dictionary are inserted directly into the query, rather than passed as SQL parameters. This provides a way to insert NULL and DEFAULT keywords into the query, for example. """ placeholders, values = [], [] for field, val in insert_values: placeholders.append((field, val)) self.columns.append(field.column) values.append(val) if raw_values: self.values.extend([(None, v) for v in values]) else: self.params += tuple(values) self.values.extend(placeholders) class DateQuery(Query): """ A DateQuery is a normal query, except that it specifically selects a single date field. This requires some special handling when converting the results back to Python objects, so we put it in a separate class. """ compiler = 'SQLDateCompiler' def add_date_select(self, field_name, lookup_type, order='ASC'): """ Converts the query into a date extraction query. """ try: result = self.setup_joins( field_name.split(LOOKUP_SEP), self.get_meta(), self.get_initial_alias(), False ) except FieldError: raise FieldDoesNotExist("%s has no field named '%s'" % ( self.model._meta.object_name, field_name )) field = result[0] assert isinstance(field, DateField), "%r isn't a DateField." \ % field.name alias = result[3][-1] select = Date((alias, field.column), lookup_type) self.select = [select] self.select_fields = [None] self.select_related = False # See #7097. self.set_extra_mask([]) self.distinct = True self.order_by = order == 'ASC' and [1] or [-1] if field.null: self.add_filter(("%s__isnull" % field_name, False)) class AggregateQuery(Query): """ An AggregateQuery takes another query as a parameter to the FROM clause and only selects the elements in the provided list. """ compiler = 'SQLAggregateCompiler' def add_subquery(self, query, using): self.subquery, self.sub_params = query.get_compiler(using).as_sql(with_col_aliases=True)
Python
from django.core.exceptions import FieldError from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist from django.db.models.sql.constants import LOOKUP_SEP class SQLEvaluator(object): def __init__(self, expression, query, allow_joins=True): self.expression = expression self.opts = query.get_meta() self.cols = {} self.contains_aggregate = False self.expression.prepare(self, query, allow_joins) def prepare(self): return self def as_sql(self, qn, connection): return self.expression.evaluate(self, qn, connection) def relabel_aliases(self, change_map): for node, col in self.cols.items(): if hasattr(col, "relabel_aliases"): col.relabel_aliases(change_map) else: self.cols[node] = (change_map.get(col[0], col[0]), col[1]) ##################################################### # Vistor methods for initial expression preparation # ##################################################### def prepare_node(self, node, query, allow_joins): for child in node.children: if hasattr(child, 'prepare'): child.prepare(self, query, allow_joins) def prepare_leaf(self, node, query, allow_joins): if not allow_joins and LOOKUP_SEP in node.name: raise FieldError("Joined field references are not permitted in this query") field_list = node.name.split(LOOKUP_SEP) if (len(field_list) == 1 and node.name in query.aggregate_select.keys()): self.contains_aggregate = True self.cols[node] = query.aggregate_select[node.name] else: try: field, source, opts, join_list, last, _ = query.setup_joins( field_list, query.get_meta(), query.get_initial_alias(), False) col, _, join_list = query.trim_joins(source, join_list, last, False) self.cols[node] = (join_list[-1], col) except FieldDoesNotExist: raise FieldError("Cannot resolve keyword %r into field. " "Choices are: %s" % (self.name, [f.name for f in self.opts.fields])) ################################################## # Vistor methods for final expression evaluation # ################################################## def evaluate_node(self, node, qn, connection): expressions = [] expression_params = [] for child in node.children: if hasattr(child, 'evaluate'): sql, params = child.evaluate(self, qn, connection) else: sql, params = '%s', (child,) if len(getattr(child, 'children', [])) > 1: format = '(%s)' else: format = '%s' if sql: expressions.append(format % sql) expression_params.extend(params) return connection.ops.combine_expression(node.connector, expressions), expression_params def evaluate_leaf(self, node, qn, connection): col = self.cols[node] if hasattr(col, 'as_sql'): return col.as_sql(qn, connection), () else: return '%s.%s' % (qn(col[0]), qn(col[1])), () def evaluate_date_modifier_node(self, node, qn, connection): timedelta = node.children.pop() sql, params = self.evaluate_node(node, qn, connection) if timedelta.days == 0 and timedelta.seconds == 0 and \ timedelta.microseconds == 0: return sql, params return connection.ops.date_interval_sql(sql, node.connector, timedelta), params
Python
import re # Valid query types (a dictionary is used for speedy lookups). QUERY_TERMS = dict([(x, None) for x in ( 'exact', 'iexact', 'contains', 'icontains', 'gt', 'gte', 'lt', 'lte', 'in', 'startswith', 'istartswith', 'endswith', 'iendswith', 'range', 'year', 'month', 'day', 'week_day', 'isnull', 'search', 'regex', 'iregex', )]) # Size of each "chunk" for get_iterator calls. # Larger values are slightly faster at the expense of more storage space. GET_ITERATOR_CHUNK_SIZE = 100 # Separator used to split filter strings apart. LOOKUP_SEP = '__' # Constants to make looking up tuple values clearer. # Join lists (indexes into the tuples that are values in the alias_map # dictionary in the Query class). TABLE_NAME = 0 RHS_ALIAS = 1 JOIN_TYPE = 2 LHS_ALIAS = 3 LHS_JOIN_COL = 4 RHS_JOIN_COL = 5 NULLABLE = 6 # How many results to expect from a cursor.execute call MULTI = 'multi' SINGLE = 'single' ORDER_PATTERN = re.compile(r'\?|[-+]?[.\w]+$') ORDER_DIR = { 'ASC': ('ASC', 'DESC'), 'DESC': ('DESC', 'ASC')}
Python
""" Classes to represent the default SQL aggregate functions """ class AggregateField(object): """An internal field mockup used to identify aggregates in the data-conversion parts of the database backend. """ def __init__(self, internal_type): self.internal_type = internal_type def get_internal_type(self): return self.internal_type ordinal_aggregate_field = AggregateField('IntegerField') computed_aggregate_field = AggregateField('FloatField') class Aggregate(object): """ Default SQL Aggregate. """ is_ordinal = False is_computed = False sql_template = '%(function)s(%(field)s)' def __init__(self, col, source=None, is_summary=False, **extra): """Instantiate an SQL aggregate * col is a column reference describing the subject field of the aggregate. It can be an alias, or a tuple describing a table and column name. * source is the underlying field or aggregate definition for the column reference. If the aggregate is not an ordinal or computed type, this reference is used to determine the coerced output type of the aggregate. * extra is a dictionary of additional data to provide for the aggregate definition Also utilizes the class variables: * sql_function, the name of the SQL function that implements the aggregate. * sql_template, a template string that is used to render the aggregate into SQL. * is_ordinal, a boolean indicating if the output of this aggregate is an integer (e.g., a count) * is_computed, a boolean indicating if this output of this aggregate is a computed float (e.g., an average), regardless of the input type. """ self.col = col self.source = source self.is_summary = is_summary self.extra = extra # Follow the chain of aggregate sources back until you find an # actual field, or an aggregate that forces a particular output # type. This type of this field will be used to coerce values # retrieved from the database. tmp = self while tmp and isinstance(tmp, Aggregate): if getattr(tmp, 'is_ordinal', False): tmp = ordinal_aggregate_field elif getattr(tmp, 'is_computed', False): tmp = computed_aggregate_field else: tmp = tmp.source self.field = tmp def relabel_aliases(self, change_map): if isinstance(self.col, (list, tuple)): self.col = (change_map.get(self.col[0], self.col[0]), self.col[1]) def as_sql(self, qn, connection): "Return the aggregate, rendered as SQL." if hasattr(self.col, 'as_sql'): field_name = self.col.as_sql(qn, connection) elif isinstance(self.col, (list, tuple)): field_name = '.'.join([qn(c) for c in self.col]) else: field_name = self.col params = { 'function': self.sql_function, 'field': field_name } params.update(self.extra) return self.sql_template % params class Avg(Aggregate): is_computed = True sql_function = 'AVG' class Count(Aggregate): is_ordinal = True sql_function = 'COUNT' sql_template = '%(function)s(%(distinct)s%(field)s)' def __init__(self, col, distinct=False, **extra): super(Count, self).__init__(col, distinct=distinct and 'DISTINCT ' or '', **extra) class Max(Aggregate): sql_function = 'MAX' class Min(Aggregate): sql_function = 'MIN' class StdDev(Aggregate): is_computed = True def __init__(self, col, sample=False, **extra): super(StdDev, self).__init__(col, **extra) self.sql_function = sample and 'STDDEV_SAMP' or 'STDDEV_POP' class Sum(Aggregate): sql_function = 'SUM' class Variance(Aggregate): is_computed = True def __init__(self, col, sample=False, **extra): super(Variance, self).__init__(col, **extra) self.sql_function = sample and 'VAR_SAMP' or 'VAR_POP'
Python
""" Code to manage the creation and SQL rendering of 'where' constraints. """ import datetime from itertools import repeat from django.utils import tree from django.db.models.fields import Field from django.db.models.query_utils import QueryWrapper from datastructures import EmptyResultSet, FullResultSet # Connection types AND = 'AND' OR = 'OR' class EmptyShortCircuit(Exception): """ Internal exception used to indicate that a "matches nothing" node should be added to the where-clause. """ pass class WhereNode(tree.Node): """ Used to represent the SQL where-clause. The class is tied to the Query class that created it (in order to create the correct SQL). The children in this tree are usually either Q-like objects or lists of [table_alias, field_name, db_type, lookup_type, value_annotation, params]. However, a child could also be any class with as_sql() and relabel_aliases() methods. """ default = AND def add(self, data, connector): """ Add a node to the where-tree. If the data is a list or tuple, it is expected to be of the form (obj, lookup_type, value), where obj is a Constraint object, and is then slightly munged before being stored (to avoid storing any reference to field objects). Otherwise, the 'data' is stored unchanged and can be any class with an 'as_sql()' method. """ if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)): super(WhereNode, self).add(data, connector) return obj, lookup_type, value = data if hasattr(value, '__iter__') and hasattr(value, 'next'): # Consume any generators immediately, so that we can determine # emptiness and transform any non-empty values correctly. value = list(value) # The "annotation" parameter is used to pass auxilliary information # about the value(s) to the query construction. Specifically, datetime # and empty values need special handling. Other types could be used # here in the future (using Python types is suggested for consistency). if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): annotation = datetime.datetime elif hasattr(value, 'value_annotation'): annotation = value.value_annotation else: annotation = bool(value) if hasattr(obj, "prepare"): value = obj.prepare(lookup_type, value) super(WhereNode, self).add((obj, lookup_type, annotation, value), connector) return super(WhereNode, self).add((obj, lookup_type, annotation, value), connector) def as_sql(self, qn, connection): """ Returns the SQL version of the where clause and the value to be substituted in. Returns None, None if this node is empty. If 'node' is provided, that is the root of the SQL generation (generally not needed except by the internal implementation for recursion). """ if not self.children: return None, [] result = [] result_params = [] empty = True for child in self.children: try: if hasattr(child, 'as_sql'): sql, params = child.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=connection) else: # A leaf node in the tree. sql, params = self.make_atom(child, qn, connection) except EmptyResultSet: if self.connector == AND and not self.negated: # We can bail out early in this particular case (only). raise elif self.negated: empty = False continue except FullResultSet: if self.connector == OR: if self.negated: empty = True break # We match everything. No need for any constraints. return '', [] if self.negated: empty = True continue empty = False if sql: result.append(sql) result_params.extend(params) if empty: raise EmptyResultSet conn = ' %s ' % self.connector sql_string = conn.join(result) if sql_string: if self.negated: sql_string = 'NOT (%s)' % sql_string elif len(self.children) != 1: sql_string = '(%s)' % sql_string return sql_string, result_params def make_atom(self, child, qn, connection): """ Turn a tuple (table_alias, column_name, db_type, lookup_type, value_annot, params) into valid SQL. Returns the string for the SQL fragment and the parameters to use for it. """ lvalue, lookup_type, value_annot, params_or_value = child if hasattr(lvalue, 'process'): try: lvalue, params = lvalue.process(lookup_type, params_or_value, connection) except EmptyShortCircuit: raise EmptyResultSet else: params = Field().get_db_prep_lookup(lookup_type, params_or_value, connection=connection, prepared=True) if isinstance(lvalue, tuple): # A direct database column lookup. field_sql = self.sql_for_columns(lvalue, qn, connection) else: # A smart object with an as_sql() method. field_sql = lvalue.as_sql(qn, connection) if value_annot is datetime.datetime: cast_sql = connection.ops.datetime_cast_sql() else: cast_sql = '%s' if hasattr(params, 'as_sql'): extra, params = params.as_sql(qn, connection) cast_sql = '' else: extra = '' if (len(params) == 1 and params[0] == '' and lookup_type == 'exact' and connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls): lookup_type = 'isnull' value_annot = True if lookup_type in connection.operators: format = "%s %%s %%s" % (connection.ops.lookup_cast(lookup_type),) return (format % (field_sql, connection.operators[lookup_type] % cast_sql, extra), params) if lookup_type == 'in': if not value_annot: raise EmptyResultSet if extra: return ('%s IN %s' % (field_sql, extra), params) max_in_list_size = connection.ops.max_in_list_size() if max_in_list_size and len(params) > max_in_list_size: # Break up the params list into an OR of manageable chunks. in_clause_elements = ['('] for offset in xrange(0, len(params), max_in_list_size): if offset > 0: in_clause_elements.append(' OR ') in_clause_elements.append('%s IN (' % field_sql) group_size = min(len(params) - offset, max_in_list_size) param_group = ', '.join(repeat('%s', group_size)) in_clause_elements.append(param_group) in_clause_elements.append(')') in_clause_elements.append(')') return ''.join(in_clause_elements), params else: return ('%s IN (%s)' % (field_sql, ', '.join(repeat('%s', len(params)))), params) elif lookup_type in ('range', 'year'): return ('%s BETWEEN %%s and %%s' % field_sql, params) elif lookup_type in ('month', 'day', 'week_day'): return ('%s = %%s' % connection.ops.date_extract_sql(lookup_type, field_sql), params) elif lookup_type == 'isnull': return ('%s IS %sNULL' % (field_sql, (not value_annot and 'NOT ' or '')), ()) elif lookup_type == 'search': return (connection.ops.fulltext_search_sql(field_sql), params) elif lookup_type in ('regex', 'iregex'): return connection.ops.regex_lookup(lookup_type) % (field_sql, cast_sql), params raise TypeError('Invalid lookup_type: %r' % lookup_type) def sql_for_columns(self, data, qn, connection): """ Returns the SQL fragment used for the left-hand side of a column constraint (for example, the "T1.foo" portion in the clause "WHERE ... T1.foo = 6"). """ table_alias, name, db_type = data if table_alias: lhs = '%s.%s' % (qn(table_alias), qn(name)) else: lhs = qn(name) return connection.ops.field_cast_sql(db_type) % lhs def relabel_aliases(self, change_map, node=None): """ Relabels the alias values of any children. 'change_map' is a dictionary mapping old (current) alias values to the new values. """ if not node: node = self for pos, child in enumerate(node.children): if hasattr(child, 'relabel_aliases'): child.relabel_aliases(change_map) elif isinstance(child, tree.Node): self.relabel_aliases(change_map, child) elif isinstance(child, (list, tuple)): if isinstance(child[0], (list, tuple)): elt = list(child[0]) if elt[0] in change_map: elt[0] = change_map[elt[0]] node.children[pos] = (tuple(elt),) + child[1:] else: child[0].relabel_aliases(change_map) # Check if the query value also requires relabelling if hasattr(child[3], 'relabel_aliases'): child[3].relabel_aliases(change_map) class EverythingNode(object): """ A node that matches everything. """ def as_sql(self, qn=None, connection=None): raise FullResultSet def relabel_aliases(self, change_map, node=None): return class NothingNode(object): """ A node that matches nothing. """ def as_sql(self, qn=None, connection=None): raise EmptyResultSet def relabel_aliases(self, change_map, node=None): return class ExtraWhere(object): def __init__(self, sqls, params): self.sqls = sqls self.params = params def as_sql(self, qn=None, connection=None): return " AND ".join(self.sqls), tuple(self.params or ()) class Constraint(object): """ An object that can be passed to WhereNode.add() and knows how to pre-process itself prior to including in the WhereNode. """ def __init__(self, alias, col, field): self.alias, self.col, self.field = alias, col, field def __getstate__(self): """Save the state of the Constraint for pickling. Fields aren't necessarily pickleable, because they can have callable default values. So, instead of pickling the field store a reference so we can restore it manually """ obj_dict = self.__dict__.copy() if self.field: obj_dict['model'] = self.field.model obj_dict['field_name'] = self.field.name del obj_dict['field'] return obj_dict def __setstate__(self, data): """Restore the constraint """ model = data.pop('model', None) field_name = data.pop('field_name', None) self.__dict__.update(data) if model is not None: self.field = model._meta.get_field(field_name) else: self.field = None def prepare(self, lookup_type, value): if self.field: return self.field.get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) return value def process(self, lookup_type, value, connection): """ Returns a tuple of data suitable for inclusion in a WhereNode instance. """ # Because of circular imports, we need to import this here. from django.db.models.base import ObjectDoesNotExist try: if self.field: params = self.field.get_db_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value, connection=connection, prepared=True) db_type = self.field.db_type(connection=connection) else: # This branch is used at times when we add a comparison to NULL # (we don't really want to waste time looking up the associated # field object at the calling location). params = Field().get_db_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value, connection=connection, prepared=True) db_type = None except ObjectDoesNotExist: raise EmptyShortCircuit return (self.alias, self.col, db_type), params def relabel_aliases(self, change_map): if self.alias in change_map: self.alias = change_map[self.alias]
Python
from query import * from subqueries import * from where import AND, OR from datastructures import EmptyResultSet __all__ = ['Query', 'AND', 'OR', 'EmptyResultSet']
Python
""" Useful auxilliary data structures for query construction. Not useful outside the SQL domain. """ class EmptyResultSet(Exception): pass class FullResultSet(Exception): pass class MultiJoin(Exception): """ Used by join construction code to indicate the point at which a multi-valued join was attempted (if the caller wants to treat that exceptionally). """ def __init__(self, level): self.level = level class Empty(object): pass class RawValue(object): def __init__(self, value): self.value = value class Date(object): """ Add a date selection column. """ def __init__(self, col, lookup_type): self.col = col self.lookup_type = lookup_type def relabel_aliases(self, change_map): c = self.col if isinstance(c, (list, tuple)): self.col = (change_map.get(c[0], c[0]), c[1]) def as_sql(self, qn, connection): if isinstance(self.col, (list, tuple)): col = '%s.%s' % tuple([qn(c) for c in self.col]) else: col = self.col return connection.ops.date_trunc_sql(self.lookup_type, col)
Python
import datetime import os import django.utils.copycompat as copy from django.conf import settings from django.db.models.fields import Field from django.core.files.base import File, ContentFile from django.core.files.storage import default_storage from django.core.files.images import ImageFile, get_image_dimensions from django.core.files.uploadedfile import UploadedFile from django.utils.functional import curry from django.db.models import signals from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode, smart_str from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy, ugettext as _ from django import forms from django.db.models.loading import cache class FieldFile(File): def __init__(self, instance, field, name): super(FieldFile, self).__init__(None, name) self.instance = instance self.field = field self.storage = field.storage self._committed = True def __eq__(self, other): # Older code may be expecting FileField values to be simple strings. # By overriding the == operator, it can remain backwards compatibility. if hasattr(other, 'name'): return self.name == other.name return self.name == other def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __hash__(self): # Required because we defined a custom __eq__. return hash(self.name) # The standard File contains most of the necessary properties, but # FieldFiles can be instantiated without a name, so that needs to # be checked for here. def _require_file(self): if not self: raise ValueError("The '%s' attribute has no file associated with it." % self.field.name) def _get_file(self): self._require_file() if not hasattr(self, '_file') or self._file is None: self._file = self.storage.open(self.name, 'rb') return self._file def _set_file(self, file): self._file = file def _del_file(self): del self._file file = property(_get_file, _set_file, _del_file) def _get_path(self): self._require_file() return self.storage.path(self.name) path = property(_get_path) def _get_url(self): self._require_file() return self.storage.url(self.name) url = property(_get_url) def _get_size(self): self._require_file() if not self._committed: return self.file.size return self.storage.size(self.name) size = property(_get_size) def open(self, mode='rb'): self._require_file() self.file.open(mode) # open() doesn't alter the file's contents, but it does reset the pointer open.alters_data = True # In addition to the standard File API, FieldFiles have extra methods # to further manipulate the underlying file, as well as update the # associated model instance. def save(self, name, content, save=True): name = self.field.generate_filename(self.instance, name) self.name = self.storage.save(name, content) setattr(self.instance, self.field.name, self.name) # Update the filesize cache self._size = content.size self._committed = True # Save the object because it has changed, unless save is False if save: self.instance.save() save.alters_data = True def delete(self, save=True): # Only close the file if it's already open, which we know by the # presence of self._file if hasattr(self, '_file'): self.close() del self.file self.storage.delete(self.name) self.name = None setattr(self.instance, self.field.name, self.name) # Delete the filesize cache if hasattr(self, '_size'): del self._size self._committed = False if save: self.instance.save() delete.alters_data = True def _get_closed(self): file = getattr(self, '_file', None) return file is None or file.closed closed = property(_get_closed) def close(self): file = getattr(self, '_file', None) if file is not None: file.close() def __getstate__(self): # FieldFile needs access to its associated model field and an instance # it's attached to in order to work properly, but the only necessary # data to be pickled is the file's name itself. Everything else will # be restored later, by FileDescriptor below. return {'name': self.name, 'closed': False, '_committed': True, '_file': None} class FileDescriptor(object): """ The descriptor for the file attribute on the model instance. Returns a FieldFile when accessed so you can do stuff like:: >>> instance.file.size Assigns a file object on assignment so you can do:: >>> instance.file = File(...) """ def __init__(self, field): self.field = field def __get__(self, instance=None, owner=None): if instance is None: raise AttributeError( "The '%s' attribute can only be accessed from %s instances." % (self.field.name, owner.__name__)) # This is slightly complicated, so worth an explanation. # instance.file`needs to ultimately return some instance of `File`, # probably a subclass. Additionally, this returned object needs to have # the FieldFile API so that users can easily do things like # instance.file.path and have that delegated to the file storage engine. # Easy enough if we're strict about assignment in __set__, but if you # peek below you can see that we're not. So depending on the current # value of the field we have to dynamically construct some sort of # "thing" to return. # The instance dict contains whatever was originally assigned # in __set__. file = instance.__dict__[self.field.name] # If this value is a string (instance.file = "path/to/file") or None # then we simply wrap it with the appropriate attribute class according # to the file field. [This is FieldFile for FileFields and # ImageFieldFile for ImageFields; it's also conceivable that user # subclasses might also want to subclass the attribute class]. This # object understands how to convert a path to a file, and also how to # handle None. if isinstance(file, basestring) or file is None: attr = self.field.attr_class(instance, self.field, file) instance.__dict__[self.field.name] = attr # Other types of files may be assigned as well, but they need to have # the FieldFile interface added to the. Thus, we wrap any other type of # File inside a FieldFile (well, the field's attr_class, which is # usually FieldFile). elif isinstance(file, File) and not isinstance(file, FieldFile): file_copy = self.field.attr_class(instance, self.field, file.name) file_copy.file = file file_copy._committed = False instance.__dict__[self.field.name] = file_copy # Finally, because of the (some would say boneheaded) way pickle works, # the underlying FieldFile might not actually itself have an associated # file. So we need to reset the details of the FieldFile in those cases. elif isinstance(file, FieldFile) and not hasattr(file, 'field'): file.instance = instance file.field = self.field file.storage = self.field.storage # That was fun, wasn't it? return instance.__dict__[self.field.name] def __set__(self, instance, value): instance.__dict__[self.field.name] = value class FileField(Field): # The class to wrap instance attributes in. Accessing the file object off # the instance will always return an instance of attr_class. attr_class = FieldFile # The descriptor to use for accessing the attribute off of the class. descriptor_class = FileDescriptor description = ugettext_lazy("File path") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, upload_to='', storage=None, **kwargs): for arg in ('primary_key', 'unique'): if arg in kwargs: raise TypeError("'%s' is not a valid argument for %s." % (arg, self.__class__)) self.storage = storage or default_storage self.upload_to = upload_to if callable(upload_to): self.generate_filename = upload_to kwargs['max_length'] = kwargs.get('max_length', 100) super(FileField, self).__init__(verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "FileField" def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): if hasattr(value, 'name'): value = value.name return super(FileField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) def get_prep_value(self, value): "Returns field's value prepared for saving into a database." # Need to convert File objects provided via a form to unicode for database insertion if value is None: return None return unicode(value) def pre_save(self, model_instance, add): "Returns field's value just before saving." file = super(FileField, self).pre_save(model_instance, add) if file and not file._committed: # Commit the file to storage prior to saving the model file.save(file.name, file, save=False) return file def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): super(FileField, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) setattr(cls, self.name, self.descriptor_class(self)) def get_directory_name(self): return os.path.normpath(force_unicode(datetime.datetime.now().strftime(smart_str(self.upload_to)))) def get_filename(self, filename): return os.path.normpath(self.storage.get_valid_name(os.path.basename(filename))) def generate_filename(self, instance, filename): return os.path.join(self.get_directory_name(), self.get_filename(filename)) def save_form_data(self, instance, data): # Important: None means "no change", other false value means "clear" # This subtle distinction (rather than a more explicit marker) is # needed because we need to consume values that are also sane for a # regular (non Model-) Form to find in its cleaned_data dictionary. if data is not None: # This value will be converted to unicode and stored in the # database, so leaving False as-is is not acceptable. if not data: data = '' setattr(instance, self.name, data) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.FileField, 'max_length': self.max_length} # If a file has been provided previously, then the form doesn't require # that a new file is provided this time. # The code to mark the form field as not required is used by # form_for_instance, but can probably be removed once form_for_instance # is gone. ModelForm uses a different method to check for an existing file. if 'initial' in kwargs: defaults['required'] = False defaults.update(kwargs) return super(FileField, self).formfield(**defaults) class ImageFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor): """ Just like the FileDescriptor, but for ImageFields. The only difference is assigning the width/height to the width_field/height_field, if appropriate. """ def __set__(self, instance, value): previous_file = instance.__dict__.get(self.field.name) super(ImageFileDescriptor, self).__set__(instance, value) # To prevent recalculating image dimensions when we are instantiating # an object from the database (bug #11084), only update dimensions if # the field had a value before this assignment. Since the default # value for FileField subclasses is an instance of field.attr_class, # previous_file will only be None when we are called from # Model.__init__(). The ImageField.update_dimension_fields method # hooked up to the post_init signal handles the Model.__init__() cases. # Assignment happening outside of Model.__init__() will trigger the # update right here. if previous_file is not None: self.field.update_dimension_fields(instance, force=True) class ImageFieldFile(ImageFile, FieldFile): def delete(self, save=True): # Clear the image dimensions cache if hasattr(self, '_dimensions_cache'): del self._dimensions_cache super(ImageFieldFile, self).delete(save) class ImageField(FileField): attr_class = ImageFieldFile descriptor_class = ImageFileDescriptor description = ugettext_lazy("File path") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, width_field=None, height_field=None, **kwargs): self.width_field, self.height_field = width_field, height_field FileField.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): super(ImageField, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) # Attach update_dimension_fields so that dimension fields declared # after their corresponding image field don't stay cleared by # Model.__init__, see bug #11196. signals.post_init.connect(self.update_dimension_fields, sender=cls) def update_dimension_fields(self, instance, force=False, *args, **kwargs): """ Updates field's width and height fields, if defined. This method is hooked up to model's post_init signal to update dimensions after instantiating a model instance. However, dimensions won't be updated if the dimensions fields are already populated. This avoids unnecessary recalculation when loading an object from the database. Dimensions can be forced to update with force=True, which is how ImageFileDescriptor.__set__ calls this method. """ # Nothing to update if the field doesn't have have dimension fields. has_dimension_fields = self.width_field or self.height_field if not has_dimension_fields: return # getattr will call the ImageFileDescriptor's __get__ method, which # coerces the assigned value into an instance of self.attr_class # (ImageFieldFile in this case). file = getattr(instance, self.attname) # Nothing to update if we have no file and not being forced to update. if not file and not force: return dimension_fields_filled = not( (self.width_field and not getattr(instance, self.width_field)) or (self.height_field and not getattr(instance, self.height_field)) ) # When both dimension fields have values, we are most likely loading # data from the database or updating an image field that already had # an image stored. In the first case, we don't want to update the # dimension fields because we are already getting their values from the # database. In the second case, we do want to update the dimensions # fields and will skip this return because force will be True since we # were called from ImageFileDescriptor.__set__. if dimension_fields_filled and not force: return # file should be an instance of ImageFieldFile or should be None. if file: width = file.width height = file.height else: # No file, so clear dimensions fields. width = None height = None # Update the width and height fields. if self.width_field: setattr(instance, self.width_field, width) if self.height_field: setattr(instance, self.height_field, height) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.ImageField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(ImageField, self).formfield(**defaults)
Python
""" Field-like classes that aren't really fields. It's easier to use objects that have the same attributes as fields sometimes (avoids a lot of special casing). """ from django.db.models import fields class OrderWrt(fields.IntegerField): """ A proxy for the _order database field that is used when Meta.order_with_respect_to is specified. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['name'] = '_order' kwargs['editable'] = False super(OrderWrt, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
Python
from django.conf import settings from django.db import connection, router, transaction, connections from django.db.backends import util from django.db.models import signals, get_model from django.db.models.fields import (AutoField, Field, IntegerField, PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField, FieldDoesNotExist) from django.db.models.related import RelatedObject from django.db.models.query import QuerySet from django.db.models.query_utils import QueryWrapper from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode from django.utils.translation import (ugettext_lazy as _, string_concat, ungettext, ugettext) from django.utils.functional import curry from django.core import exceptions from django import forms RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT = 'self' pending_lookups = {} def add_lazy_relation(cls, field, relation, operation): """ Adds a lookup on ``cls`` when a related field is defined using a string, i.e.:: class MyModel(Model): fk = ForeignKey("AnotherModel") This string can be: * RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT (i.e. "self") to indicate a recursive relation. * The name of a model (i.e "AnotherModel") to indicate another model in the same app. * An app-label and model name (i.e. "someapp.AnotherModel") to indicate another model in a different app. If the other model hasn't yet been loaded -- almost a given if you're using lazy relationships -- then the relation won't be set up until the class_prepared signal fires at the end of model initialization. operation is the work that must be performed once the relation can be resolved. """ # Check for recursive relations if relation == RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT: app_label = cls._meta.app_label model_name = cls.__name__ else: # Look for an "app.Model" relation try: app_label, model_name = relation.split(".") except ValueError: # If we can't split, assume a model in current app app_label = cls._meta.app_label model_name = relation except AttributeError: # If it doesn't have a split it's actually a model class app_label = relation._meta.app_label model_name = relation._meta.object_name # Try to look up the related model, and if it's already loaded resolve the # string right away. If get_model returns None, it means that the related # model isn't loaded yet, so we need to pend the relation until the class # is prepared. model = get_model(app_label, model_name, False) if model: operation(field, model, cls) else: key = (app_label, model_name) value = (cls, field, operation) pending_lookups.setdefault(key, []).append(value) def do_pending_lookups(sender, **kwargs): """ Handle any pending relations to the sending model. Sent from class_prepared. """ key = (sender._meta.app_label, sender.__name__) for cls, field, operation in pending_lookups.pop(key, []): operation(field, sender, cls) signals.class_prepared.connect(do_pending_lookups) #HACK class RelatedField(object): def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): sup = super(RelatedField, self) # Store the opts for related_query_name() self.opts = cls._meta if hasattr(sup, 'contribute_to_class'): sup.contribute_to_class(cls, name) if not cls._meta.abstract and self.rel.related_name: self.rel.related_name = self.rel.related_name % { 'class': cls.__name__.lower(), 'app_label': cls._meta.app_label.lower(), } other = self.rel.to if isinstance(other, basestring) or other._meta.pk is None: def resolve_related_class(field, model, cls): field.rel.to = model field.do_related_class(model, cls) add_lazy_relation(cls, self, other, resolve_related_class) else: self.do_related_class(other, cls) def set_attributes_from_rel(self): self.name = self.name or (self.rel.to._meta.object_name.lower() + '_' + self.rel.to._meta.pk.name) if self.verbose_name is None: self.verbose_name = self.rel.to._meta.verbose_name self.rel.field_name = self.rel.field_name or self.rel.to._meta.pk.name def do_related_class(self, other, cls): self.set_attributes_from_rel() self.related = RelatedObject(other, cls, self) if not cls._meta.abstract: self.contribute_to_related_class(other, self.related) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): if hasattr(value, 'prepare'): return value.prepare() if hasattr(value, '_prepare'): return value._prepare() # FIXME: lt and gt are explicitly allowed to make # get_(next/prev)_by_date work; other lookups are not allowed since that # gets messy pretty quick. This is a good candidate for some refactoring # in the future. if lookup_type in ['exact', 'gt', 'lt', 'gte', 'lte']: return self._pk_trace(value, 'get_prep_lookup', lookup_type) if lookup_type in ('range', 'in'): return [self._pk_trace(v, 'get_prep_lookup', lookup_type) for v in value] elif lookup_type == 'isnull': return [] raise TypeError("Related Field has invalid lookup: %s" % lookup_type) def get_db_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value, connection, prepared=False): if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) if hasattr(value, 'get_compiler'): value = value.get_compiler(connection=connection) if hasattr(value, 'as_sql') or hasattr(value, '_as_sql'): # If the value has a relabel_aliases method, it will need to # be invoked before the final SQL is evaluated if hasattr(value, 'relabel_aliases'): return value if hasattr(value, 'as_sql'): sql, params = value.as_sql() else: sql, params = value._as_sql(connection=connection) return QueryWrapper(('(%s)' % sql), params) # FIXME: lt and gt are explicitly allowed to make # get_(next/prev)_by_date work; other lookups are not allowed since that # gets messy pretty quick. This is a good candidate for some refactoring # in the future. if lookup_type in ['exact', 'gt', 'lt', 'gte', 'lte']: return [self._pk_trace(value, 'get_db_prep_lookup', lookup_type, connection=connection, prepared=prepared)] if lookup_type in ('range', 'in'): return [self._pk_trace(v, 'get_db_prep_lookup', lookup_type, connection=connection, prepared=prepared) for v in value] elif lookup_type == 'isnull': return [] raise TypeError("Related Field has invalid lookup: %s" % lookup_type) def _pk_trace(self, value, prep_func, lookup_type, **kwargs): # Value may be a primary key, or an object held in a relation. # If it is an object, then we need to get the primary key value for # that object. In certain conditions (especially one-to-one relations), # the primary key may itself be an object - so we need to keep drilling # down until we hit a value that can be used for a comparison. v = value # In the case of an FK to 'self', this check allows to_field to be used # for both forwards and reverse lookups across the FK. (For normal FKs, # it's only relevant for forward lookups). if isinstance(v, self.rel.to): field_name = getattr(self.rel, "field_name", None) else: field_name = None try: while True: if field_name is None: field_name = v._meta.pk.name v = getattr(v, field_name) field_name = None except AttributeError: pass except exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist: v = None field = self while field.rel: if hasattr(field.rel, 'field_name'): field = field.rel.to._meta.get_field(field.rel.field_name) else: field = field.rel.to._meta.pk if lookup_type in ('range', 'in'): v = [v] v = getattr(field, prep_func)(lookup_type, v, **kwargs) if isinstance(v, list): v = v[0] return v def related_query_name(self): # This method defines the name that can be used to identify this # related object in a table-spanning query. It uses the lower-cased # object_name by default, but this can be overridden with the # "related_name" option. return self.rel.related_name or self.opts.object_name.lower() class SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(object): # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have # a single "remote" value, on the class pointed to by a related field. # In the example "place.restaurant", the restaurant attribute is a # SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor instance. def __init__(self, related): self.related = related self.cache_name = related.get_cache_name() def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None): if instance is None: return self try: return getattr(instance, self.cache_name) except AttributeError: params = {'%s__pk' % self.related.field.name: instance._get_pk_val()} db = router.db_for_read(self.related.model, instance=instance) rel_obj = self.related.model._base_manager.using(db).get(**params) setattr(instance, self.cache_name, rel_obj) return rel_obj def __set__(self, instance, value): if instance is None: raise AttributeError("%s must be accessed via instance" % self.related.opts.object_name) # The similarity of the code below to the code in # ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor is annoying, but there's a bunch # of small differences that would make a common base class convoluted. # If null=True, we can assign null here, but otherwise the value needs # to be an instance of the related class. if value is None and self.related.field.null == False: raise ValueError('Cannot assign None: "%s.%s" does not allow null values.' % (instance._meta.object_name, self.related.get_accessor_name())) elif value is not None and not isinstance(value, self.related.model): raise ValueError('Cannot assign "%r": "%s.%s" must be a "%s" instance.' % (value, instance._meta.object_name, self.related.get_accessor_name(), self.related.opts.object_name)) elif value is not None: if instance._state.db is None: instance._state.db = router.db_for_write(instance.__class__, instance=value) elif value._state.db is None: value._state.db = router.db_for_write(value.__class__, instance=instance) elif value._state.db is not None and instance._state.db is not None: if not router.allow_relation(value, instance): raise ValueError('Cannot assign "%r": instance is on database "%s", value is on database "%s"' % (value, instance._state.db, value._state.db)) # Set the value of the related field to the value of the related object's related field setattr(value, self.related.field.attname, getattr(instance, self.related.field.rel.get_related_field().attname)) # Since we already know what the related object is, seed the related # object caches now, too. This avoids another db hit if you get the # object you just set. setattr(instance, self.cache_name, value) setattr(value, self.related.field.get_cache_name(), instance) class ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(object): # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have # a single "remote" value, on the class that defines the related field. # In the example "choice.poll", the poll attribute is a # ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor instance. def __init__(self, field_with_rel): self.field = field_with_rel def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None): if instance is None: return self cache_name = self.field.get_cache_name() try: return getattr(instance, cache_name) except AttributeError: val = getattr(instance, self.field.attname) if val is None: # If NULL is an allowed value, return it. if self.field.null: return None raise self.field.rel.to.DoesNotExist other_field = self.field.rel.get_related_field() if other_field.rel: params = {'%s__pk' % self.field.rel.field_name: val} else: params = {'%s__exact' % self.field.rel.field_name: val} # If the related manager indicates that it should be used for # related fields, respect that. rel_mgr = self.field.rel.to._default_manager db = router.db_for_read(self.field.rel.to, instance=instance) if getattr(rel_mgr, 'use_for_related_fields', False): rel_obj = rel_mgr.using(db).get(**params) else: rel_obj = QuerySet(self.field.rel.to).using(db).get(**params) setattr(instance, cache_name, rel_obj) return rel_obj def __set__(self, instance, value): if instance is None: raise AttributeError("%s must be accessed via instance" % self._field.name) # If null=True, we can assign null here, but otherwise the value needs # to be an instance of the related class. if value is None and self.field.null == False: raise ValueError('Cannot assign None: "%s.%s" does not allow null values.' % (instance._meta.object_name, self.field.name)) elif value is not None and not isinstance(value, self.field.rel.to): raise ValueError('Cannot assign "%r": "%s.%s" must be a "%s" instance.' % (value, instance._meta.object_name, self.field.name, self.field.rel.to._meta.object_name)) elif value is not None: if instance._state.db is None: instance._state.db = router.db_for_write(instance.__class__, instance=value) elif value._state.db is None: value._state.db = router.db_for_write(value.__class__, instance=instance) elif value._state.db is not None and instance._state.db is not None: if not router.allow_relation(value, instance): raise ValueError('Cannot assign "%r": instance is on database "%s", value is on database "%s"' % (value, instance._state.db, value._state.db)) # If we're setting the value of a OneToOneField to None, we need to clear # out the cache on any old related object. Otherwise, deleting the # previously-related object will also cause this object to be deleted, # which is wrong. if value is None: # Look up the previously-related object, which may still be available # since we've not yet cleared out the related field. # Use the cache directly, instead of the accessor; if we haven't # populated the cache, then we don't care - we're only accessing # the object to invalidate the accessor cache, so there's no # need to populate the cache just to expire it again. related = getattr(instance, self.field.get_cache_name(), None) # If we've got an old related object, we need to clear out its # cache. This cache also might not exist if the related object # hasn't been accessed yet. if related: cache_name = self.field.related.get_cache_name() try: delattr(related, cache_name) except AttributeError: pass # Set the value of the related field try: val = getattr(value, self.field.rel.get_related_field().attname) except AttributeError: val = None setattr(instance, self.field.attname, val) # Since we already know what the related object is, seed the related # object cache now, too. This avoids another db hit if you get the # object you just set. setattr(instance, self.field.get_cache_name(), value) class ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object): # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have # multiple "remote" values and have a ForeignKey pointed at them by # some other model. In the example "poll.choice_set", the choice_set # attribute is a ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance. def __init__(self, related): self.related = related # RelatedObject instance def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None): if instance is None: return self return self.create_manager(instance, self.related.model._default_manager.__class__) def __set__(self, instance, value): if instance is None: raise AttributeError("Manager must be accessed via instance") manager = self.__get__(instance) # If the foreign key can support nulls, then completely clear the related set. # Otherwise, just move the named objects into the set. if self.related.field.null: manager.clear() manager.add(*value) def delete_manager(self, instance): """ Returns a queryset based on the related model's base manager (rather than the default manager, as returned by __get__). Used by Model.delete(). """ return self.create_manager(instance, self.related.model._base_manager.__class__) def create_manager(self, instance, superclass): """ Creates the managers used by other methods (__get__() and delete()). """ rel_field = self.related.field rel_model = self.related.model class RelatedManager(superclass): def get_query_set(self): db = self._db or router.db_for_read(rel_model, instance=instance) return superclass.get_query_set(self).using(db).filter(**(self.core_filters)) def add(self, *objs): for obj in objs: if not isinstance(obj, self.model): raise TypeError("'%s' instance expected" % self.model._meta.object_name) setattr(obj, rel_field.name, instance) obj.save() add.alters_data = True def create(self, **kwargs): kwargs.update({rel_field.name: instance}) db = router.db_for_write(rel_model, instance=instance) return super(RelatedManager, self.db_manager(db)).create(**kwargs) create.alters_data = True def get_or_create(self, **kwargs): # Update kwargs with the related object that this # ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor knows about. kwargs.update({rel_field.name: instance}) db = router.db_for_write(rel_model, instance=instance) return super(RelatedManager, self.db_manager(db)).get_or_create(**kwargs) get_or_create.alters_data = True # remove() and clear() are only provided if the ForeignKey can have a value of null. if rel_field.null: def remove(self, *objs): val = getattr(instance, rel_field.rel.get_related_field().attname) for obj in objs: # Is obj actually part of this descriptor set? if getattr(obj, rel_field.attname) == val: setattr(obj, rel_field.name, None) obj.save() else: raise rel_field.rel.to.DoesNotExist("%r is not related to %r." % (obj, instance)) remove.alters_data = True def clear(self): for obj in self.all(): setattr(obj, rel_field.name, None) obj.save() clear.alters_data = True manager = RelatedManager() attname = rel_field.rel.get_related_field().name manager.core_filters = {'%s__%s' % (rel_field.name, attname): getattr(instance, attname)} manager.model = self.related.model return manager def create_many_related_manager(superclass, rel=False): """Creates a manager that subclasses 'superclass' (which is a Manager) and adds behavior for many-to-many related objects.""" through = rel.through class ManyRelatedManager(superclass): def __init__(self, model=None, core_filters=None, instance=None, symmetrical=None, join_table=None, source_field_name=None, target_field_name=None, reverse=False): super(ManyRelatedManager, self).__init__() self.core_filters = core_filters self.model = model self.symmetrical = symmetrical self.instance = instance self.source_field_name = source_field_name self.target_field_name = target_field_name self.through = through self._pk_val = self.instance.pk self.reverse = reverse if self._pk_val is None: raise ValueError("%r instance needs to have a primary key value before a many-to-many relationship can be used." % instance.__class__.__name__) def get_query_set(self): db = self._db or router.db_for_read(self.instance.__class__, instance=self.instance) return superclass.get_query_set(self).using(db)._next_is_sticky().filter(**(self.core_filters)) # If the ManyToMany relation has an intermediary model, # the add and remove methods do not exist. if rel.through._meta.auto_created: def add(self, *objs): self._add_items(self.source_field_name, self.target_field_name, *objs) # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, add the mirror entry in the m2m table if self.symmetrical: self._add_items(self.target_field_name, self.source_field_name, *objs) add.alters_data = True def remove(self, *objs): self._remove_items(self.source_field_name, self.target_field_name, *objs) # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, remove the mirror entry in the m2m table if self.symmetrical: self._remove_items(self.target_field_name, self.source_field_name, *objs) remove.alters_data = True def clear(self): self._clear_items(self.source_field_name) # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, clear the mirror entry in the m2m table if self.symmetrical: self._clear_items(self.target_field_name) clear.alters_data = True def create(self, **kwargs): # This check needs to be done here, since we can't later remove this # from the method lookup table, as we do with add and remove. if not rel.through._meta.auto_created: opts = through._meta raise AttributeError("Cannot use create() on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model. Use %s.%s's Manager instead." % (opts.app_label, opts.object_name)) db = router.db_for_write(self.instance.__class__, instance=self.instance) new_obj = super(ManyRelatedManager, self.db_manager(db)).create(**kwargs) self.add(new_obj) return new_obj create.alters_data = True def get_or_create(self, **kwargs): db = router.db_for_write(self.instance.__class__, instance=self.instance) obj, created = \ super(ManyRelatedManager, self.db_manager(db)).get_or_create(**kwargs) # We only need to add() if created because if we got an object back # from get() then the relationship already exists. if created: self.add(obj) return obj, created get_or_create.alters_data = True def _add_items(self, source_field_name, target_field_name, *objs): # join_table: name of the m2m link table # source_field_name: the PK fieldname in join_table for the source object # target_field_name: the PK fieldname in join_table for the target object # *objs - objects to add. Either object instances, or primary keys of object instances. # If there aren't any objects, there is nothing to do. from django.db.models import Model if objs: new_ids = set() for obj in objs: if isinstance(obj, self.model): if not router.allow_relation(obj, self.instance): raise ValueError('Cannot add "%r": instance is on database "%s", value is on database "%s"' % (obj, self.instance._state.db, obj._state.db)) new_ids.add(obj.pk) elif isinstance(obj, Model): raise TypeError("'%s' instance expected" % self.model._meta.object_name) else: new_ids.add(obj) db = router.db_for_write(self.through, instance=self.instance) vals = self.through._default_manager.using(db).values_list(target_field_name, flat=True) vals = vals.filter(**{ source_field_name: self._pk_val, '%s__in' % target_field_name: new_ids, }) new_ids = new_ids - set(vals) if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are inserting the # duplicate data row for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action='pre_add', instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=new_ids, using=db) # Add the ones that aren't there already for obj_id in new_ids: self.through._default_manager.using(db).create(**{ '%s_id' % source_field_name: self._pk_val, '%s_id' % target_field_name: obj_id, }) if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are inserting the # duplicate data row for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action='post_add', instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=new_ids, using=db) def _remove_items(self, source_field_name, target_field_name, *objs): # source_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the source object # target_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the target object # *objs - objects to remove # If there aren't any objects, there is nothing to do. if objs: # Check that all the objects are of the right type old_ids = set() for obj in objs: if isinstance(obj, self.model): old_ids.add(obj.pk) else: old_ids.add(obj) # Work out what DB we're operating on db = router.db_for_write(self.through, instance=self.instance) # Send a signal to the other end if need be. if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are deleting the # duplicate data row for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action="pre_remove", instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=old_ids, using=db) # Remove the specified objects from the join table self.through._default_manager.using(db).filter(**{ source_field_name: self._pk_val, '%s__in' % target_field_name: old_ids }).delete() if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are deleting the # duplicate data row for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action="post_remove", instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=old_ids, using=db) def _clear_items(self, source_field_name): db = router.db_for_write(self.through, instance=self.instance) # source_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the source object if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are clearing the # duplicate data rows for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action="pre_clear", instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=None, using=db) self.through._default_manager.using(db).filter(**{ source_field_name: self._pk_val }).delete() if self.reverse or source_field_name == self.source_field_name: # Don't send the signal when we are clearing the # duplicate data rows for symmetrical reverse entries. signals.m2m_changed.send(sender=rel.through, action="post_clear", instance=self.instance, reverse=self.reverse, model=self.model, pk_set=None, using=db) return ManyRelatedManager class ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object): # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have # multiple "remote" values and have a ManyToManyField pointed at them by # some other model (rather than having a ManyToManyField themselves). # In the example "publication.article_set", the article_set attribute is a # ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance. def __init__(self, related): self.related = related # RelatedObject instance def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None): if instance is None: return self # Dynamically create a class that subclasses the related # model's default manager. rel_model = self.related.model superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__ RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass, self.related.field.rel) manager = RelatedManager( model=rel_model, core_filters={'%s__pk' % self.related.field.name: instance._get_pk_val()}, instance=instance, symmetrical=False, source_field_name=self.related.field.m2m_reverse_field_name(), target_field_name=self.related.field.m2m_field_name(), reverse=True ) return manager def __set__(self, instance, value): if instance is None: raise AttributeError("Manager must be accessed via instance") if not self.related.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created: opts = self.related.field.rel.through._meta raise AttributeError("Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model. Use %s.%s's Manager instead." % (opts.app_label, opts.object_name)) manager = self.__get__(instance) manager.clear() manager.add(*value) class ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object): # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have # multiple "remote" values and have a ManyToManyField defined in their # model (rather than having another model pointed *at* them). # In the example "article.publications", the publications attribute is a # ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance. def __init__(self, m2m_field): self.field = m2m_field def _through(self): # through is provided so that you have easy access to the through # model (Book.authors.through) for inlines, etc. This is done as # a property to ensure that the fully resolved value is returned. return self.field.rel.through through = property(_through) def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None): if instance is None: return self # Dynamically create a class that subclasses the related # model's default manager. rel_model=self.field.rel.to superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__ RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass, self.field.rel) manager = RelatedManager( model=rel_model, core_filters={'%s__pk' % self.field.related_query_name(): instance._get_pk_val()}, instance=instance, symmetrical=self.field.rel.symmetrical, source_field_name=self.field.m2m_field_name(), target_field_name=self.field.m2m_reverse_field_name(), reverse=False ) return manager def __set__(self, instance, value): if instance is None: raise AttributeError("Manager must be accessed via instance") if not self.field.rel.through._meta.auto_created: opts = self.field.rel.through._meta raise AttributeError("Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model. Use %s.%s's Manager instead." % (opts.app_label, opts.object_name)) manager = self.__get__(instance) manager.clear() manager.add(*value) class ManyToOneRel(object): def __init__(self, to, field_name, related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, parent_link=False, on_delete=None): try: to._meta except AttributeError: # to._meta doesn't exist, so it must be RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT assert isinstance(to, basestring), "'to' must be either a model, a model name or the string %r" % RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT self.to, self.field_name = to, field_name self.related_name = related_name if limit_choices_to is None: limit_choices_to = {} self.limit_choices_to = limit_choices_to self.multiple = True self.parent_link = parent_link self.on_delete = on_delete def is_hidden(self): "Should the related object be hidden?" return self.related_name and self.related_name[-1] == '+' def get_related_field(self): """ Returns the Field in the 'to' object to which this relationship is tied. """ data = self.to._meta.get_field_by_name(self.field_name) if not data[2]: raise FieldDoesNotExist("No related field named '%s'" % self.field_name) return data[0] class OneToOneRel(ManyToOneRel): def __init__(self, to, field_name, related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, parent_link=False, on_delete=None): super(OneToOneRel, self).__init__(to, field_name, related_name=related_name, limit_choices_to=limit_choices_to, parent_link=parent_link, on_delete=on_delete ) self.multiple = False class ManyToManyRel(object): def __init__(self, to, related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, symmetrical=True, through=None): self.to = to self.related_name = related_name if limit_choices_to is None: limit_choices_to = {} self.limit_choices_to = limit_choices_to self.symmetrical = symmetrical self.multiple = True self.through = through def is_hidden(self): "Should the related object be hidden?" return self.related_name and self.related_name[-1] == '+' def get_related_field(self): """ Returns the field in the to' object to which this relationship is tied (this is always the primary key on the target model). Provided for symmetry with ManyToOneRel. """ return self.to._meta.pk class ForeignKey(RelatedField, Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _('Model %(model)s with pk %(pk)r does not exist.') } description = _("Foreign Key (type determined by related field)") def __init__(self, to, to_field=None, rel_class=ManyToOneRel, **kwargs): try: to_name = to._meta.object_name.lower() except AttributeError: # to._meta doesn't exist, so it must be RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT assert isinstance(to, basestring), "%s(%r) is invalid. First parameter to ForeignKey must be either a model, a model name, or the string %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, to, RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT) else: assert not to._meta.abstract, "%s cannot define a relation with abstract class %s" % (self.__class__.__name__, to._meta.object_name) # For backwards compatibility purposes, we need to *try* and set # the to_field during FK construction. It won't be guaranteed to # be correct until contribute_to_class is called. Refs #12190. to_field = to_field or (to._meta.pk and to._meta.pk.name) kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', None) if 'db_index' not in kwargs: kwargs['db_index'] = True kwargs['rel'] = rel_class(to, to_field, related_name=kwargs.pop('related_name', None), limit_choices_to=kwargs.pop('limit_choices_to', None), parent_link=kwargs.pop('parent_link', False), on_delete=kwargs.pop('on_delete', CASCADE), ) Field.__init__(self, **kwargs) def validate(self, value, model_instance): if self.rel.parent_link: return super(ForeignKey, self).validate(value, model_instance) if value is None: return using = router.db_for_read(model_instance.__class__, instance=model_instance) qs = self.rel.to._default_manager.using(using).filter( **{self.rel.field_name: value} ) qs = qs.complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to) if not qs.exists(): raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid'] % { 'model': self.rel.to._meta.verbose_name, 'pk': value}) def get_attname(self): return '%s_id' % self.name def get_validator_unique_lookup_type(self): return '%s__%s__exact' % (self.name, self.rel.get_related_field().name) def get_default(self): "Here we check if the default value is an object and return the to_field if so." field_default = super(ForeignKey, self).get_default() if isinstance(field_default, self.rel.to): return getattr(field_default, self.rel.get_related_field().attname) return field_default def get_db_prep_save(self, value, connection): if value == '' or value == None: return None else: return self.rel.get_related_field().get_db_prep_save(value, connection=connections[router.db_for_read(self.rel.to)]) def value_to_string(self, obj): if not obj: # In required many-to-one fields with only one available choice, # select that one available choice. Note: For SelectFields # we have to check that the length of choices is *2*, not 1, # because SelectFields always have an initial "blank" value. if not self.blank and self.choices: choice_list = self.get_choices_default() if len(choice_list) == 2: return smart_unicode(choice_list[1][0]) return Field.value_to_string(self, obj) def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): super(ForeignKey, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) setattr(cls, self.name, ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(self)) if isinstance(self.rel.to, basestring): target = self.rel.to else: target = self.rel.to._meta.db_table cls._meta.duplicate_targets[self.column] = (target, "o2m") def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related): # Internal FK's - i.e., those with a related name ending with '+' - # don't get a related descriptor. if not self.rel.is_hidden(): setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(), ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor(related)) if self.rel.limit_choices_to: cls._meta.related_fkey_lookups.append(self.rel.limit_choices_to) if self.rel.field_name is None: self.rel.field_name = cls._meta.pk.name def formfield(self, **kwargs): db = kwargs.pop('using', None) defaults = { 'form_class': forms.ModelChoiceField, 'queryset': self.rel.to._default_manager.using(db).complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to), 'to_field_name': self.rel.field_name, } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(ForeignKey, self).formfield(**defaults) def db_type(self, connection): # The database column type of a ForeignKey is the column type # of the field to which it points. An exception is if the ForeignKey # points to an AutoField/PositiveIntegerField/PositiveSmallIntegerField, # in which case the column type is simply that of an IntegerField. # If the database needs similar types for key fields however, the only # thing we can do is making AutoField an IntegerField. rel_field = self.rel.get_related_field() if (isinstance(rel_field, AutoField) or (not connection.features.related_fields_match_type and isinstance(rel_field, (PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField)))): return IntegerField().db_type(connection=connection) return rel_field.db_type(connection=connection) class OneToOneField(ForeignKey): """ A OneToOneField is essentially the same as a ForeignKey, with the exception that always carries a "unique" constraint with it and the reverse relation always returns the object pointed to (since there will only ever be one), rather than returning a list. """ description = _("One-to-one relationship") def __init__(self, to, to_field=None, **kwargs): kwargs['unique'] = True super(OneToOneField, self).__init__(to, to_field, OneToOneRel, **kwargs) def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related): setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(), SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(related)) def formfield(self, **kwargs): if self.rel.parent_link: return None return super(OneToOneField, self).formfield(**kwargs) def save_form_data(self, instance, data): if isinstance(data, self.rel.to): setattr(instance, self.name, data) else: setattr(instance, self.attname, data) def create_many_to_many_intermediary_model(field, klass): from django.db import models managed = True if isinstance(field.rel.to, basestring) and field.rel.to != RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT: to_model = field.rel.to to = to_model.split('.')[-1] def set_managed(field, model, cls): field.rel.through._meta.managed = model._meta.managed or cls._meta.managed add_lazy_relation(klass, field, to_model, set_managed) elif isinstance(field.rel.to, basestring): to = klass._meta.object_name to_model = klass managed = klass._meta.managed else: to = field.rel.to._meta.object_name to_model = field.rel.to managed = klass._meta.managed or to_model._meta.managed name = '%s_%s' % (klass._meta.object_name, field.name) if field.rel.to == RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT or to == klass._meta.object_name: from_ = 'from_%s' % to.lower() to = 'to_%s' % to.lower() else: from_ = klass._meta.object_name.lower() to = to.lower() meta = type('Meta', (object,), { 'db_table': field._get_m2m_db_table(klass._meta), 'managed': managed, 'auto_created': klass, 'app_label': klass._meta.app_label, 'unique_together': (from_, to), 'verbose_name': '%(from)s-%(to)s relationship' % {'from': from_, 'to': to}, 'verbose_name_plural': '%(from)s-%(to)s relationships' % {'from': from_, 'to': to}, }) # Construct and return the new class. return type(name, (models.Model,), { 'Meta': meta, '__module__': klass.__module__, from_: models.ForeignKey(klass, related_name='%s+' % name), to: models.ForeignKey(to_model, related_name='%s+' % name) }) class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field): description = _("Many-to-many relationship") def __init__(self, to, **kwargs): try: assert not to._meta.abstract, "%s cannot define a relation with abstract class %s" % (self.__class__.__name__, to._meta.object_name) except AttributeError: # to._meta doesn't exist, so it must be RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT assert isinstance(to, basestring), "%s(%r) is invalid. First parameter to ManyToManyField must be either a model, a model name, or the string %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, to, RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT) kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', None) kwargs['rel'] = ManyToManyRel(to, related_name=kwargs.pop('related_name', None), limit_choices_to=kwargs.pop('limit_choices_to', None), symmetrical=kwargs.pop('symmetrical', to==RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT), through=kwargs.pop('through', None)) self.db_table = kwargs.pop('db_table', None) if kwargs['rel'].through is not None: assert self.db_table is None, "Cannot specify a db_table if an intermediary model is used." Field.__init__(self, **kwargs) msg = _('Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.') self.help_text = string_concat(self.help_text, ' ', msg) def get_choices_default(self): return Field.get_choices(self, include_blank=False) def _get_m2m_db_table(self, opts): "Function that can be curried to provide the m2m table name for this relation" if self.rel.through is not None: return self.rel.through._meta.db_table elif self.db_table: return self.db_table else: return util.truncate_name('%s_%s' % (opts.db_table, self.name), connection.ops.max_name_length()) def _get_m2m_attr(self, related, attr): "Function that can be curried to provide the source accessor or DB column name for the m2m table" cache_attr = '_m2m_%s_cache' % attr if hasattr(self, cache_attr): return getattr(self, cache_attr) for f in self.rel.through._meta.fields: if hasattr(f,'rel') and f.rel and f.rel.to == related.model: setattr(self, cache_attr, getattr(f, attr)) return getattr(self, cache_attr) def _get_m2m_reverse_attr(self, related, attr): "Function that can be curried to provide the related accessor or DB column name for the m2m table" cache_attr = '_m2m_reverse_%s_cache' % attr if hasattr(self, cache_attr): return getattr(self, cache_attr) found = False for f in self.rel.through._meta.fields: if hasattr(f,'rel') and f.rel and f.rel.to == related.parent_model: if related.model == related.parent_model: # If this is an m2m-intermediate to self, # the first foreign key you find will be # the source column. Keep searching for # the second foreign key. if found: setattr(self, cache_attr, getattr(f, attr)) break else: found = True else: setattr(self, cache_attr, getattr(f, attr)) break return getattr(self, cache_attr) def value_to_string(self, obj): data = '' if obj: qs = getattr(obj, self.name).all() data = [instance._get_pk_val() for instance in qs] else: # In required many-to-many fields with only one available choice, # select that one available choice. if not self.blank: choices_list = self.get_choices_default() if len(choices_list) == 1: data = [choices_list[0][0]] return smart_unicode(data) def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): # To support multiple relations to self, it's useful to have a non-None # related name on symmetrical relations for internal reasons. The # concept doesn't make a lot of sense externally ("you want me to # specify *what* on my non-reversible relation?!"), so we set it up # automatically. The funky name reduces the chance of an accidental # clash. if self.rel.symmetrical and (self.rel.to == "self" or self.rel.to == cls._meta.object_name): self.rel.related_name = "%s_rel_+" % name super(ManyToManyField, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) # The intermediate m2m model is not auto created if: # 1) There is a manually specified intermediate, or # 2) The class owning the m2m field is abstract. if not self.rel.through and not cls._meta.abstract: self.rel.through = create_many_to_many_intermediary_model(self, cls) # Add the descriptor for the m2m relation setattr(cls, self.name, ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(self)) # Set up the accessor for the m2m table name for the relation self.m2m_db_table = curry(self._get_m2m_db_table, cls._meta) # Populate some necessary rel arguments so that cross-app relations # work correctly. if isinstance(self.rel.through, basestring): def resolve_through_model(field, model, cls): field.rel.through = model add_lazy_relation(cls, self, self.rel.through, resolve_through_model) if isinstance(self.rel.to, basestring): target = self.rel.to else: target = self.rel.to._meta.db_table cls._meta.duplicate_targets[self.column] = (target, "m2m") def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related): # Internal M2Ms (i.e., those with a related name ending with '+') # don't get a related descriptor. if not self.rel.is_hidden(): setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(), ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(related)) # Set up the accessors for the column names on the m2m table self.m2m_column_name = curry(self._get_m2m_attr, related, 'column') self.m2m_reverse_name = curry(self._get_m2m_reverse_attr, related, 'column') self.m2m_field_name = curry(self._get_m2m_attr, related, 'name') self.m2m_reverse_field_name = curry(self._get_m2m_reverse_attr, related, 'name') get_m2m_rel = curry(self._get_m2m_attr, related, 'rel') self.m2m_target_field_name = lambda: get_m2m_rel().field_name get_m2m_reverse_rel = curry(self._get_m2m_reverse_attr, related, 'rel') self.m2m_reverse_target_field_name = lambda: get_m2m_reverse_rel().field_name def set_attributes_from_rel(self): pass def value_from_object(self, obj): "Returns the value of this field in the given model instance." return getattr(obj, self.attname).all() def save_form_data(self, instance, data): setattr(instance, self.attname, data) def formfield(self, **kwargs): db = kwargs.pop('using', None) defaults = { 'form_class': forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, 'queryset': self.rel.to._default_manager.using(db).complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to) } defaults.update(kwargs) # If initial is passed in, it's a list of related objects, but the # MultipleChoiceField takes a list of IDs. if defaults.get('initial') is not None: initial = defaults['initial'] if callable(initial): initial = initial() defaults['initial'] = [i._get_pk_val() for i in initial] return super(ManyToManyField, self).formfield(**defaults) def db_type(self, connection): # A ManyToManyField is not represented by a single column, # so return None. return None
Python
""" Convenience routines for creating non-trivial Field subclasses, as well as backwards compatibility utilities. Add SubfieldBase as the __metaclass__ for your Field subclass, implement to_python() and the other necessary methods and everything will work seamlessly. """ from inspect import getargspec from warnings import warn def call_with_connection(func): arg_names, varargs, varkwargs, defaults = getargspec(func) updated = ('connection' in arg_names or varkwargs) if not updated: warn("A Field class whose %s method hasn't been updated to take a " "`connection` argument." % func.__name__, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) def inner(*args, **kwargs): if 'connection' not in kwargs: from django.db import connection kwargs['connection'] = connection warn("%s has been called without providing a connection argument. " % func.__name__, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if updated: return func(*args, **kwargs) if 'connection' in kwargs: del kwargs['connection'] return func(*args, **kwargs) return inner def call_with_connection_and_prepared(func): arg_names, varargs, varkwargs, defaults = getargspec(func) updated = ( ('connection' in arg_names or varkwargs) and ('prepared' in arg_names or varkwargs) ) if not updated: warn("A Field class whose %s method hasn't been updated to take " "`connection` and `prepared` arguments." % func.__name__, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) def inner(*args, **kwargs): if 'connection' not in kwargs: from django.db import connection kwargs['connection'] = connection warn("%s has been called without providing a connection argument. " % func.__name__, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if updated: return func(*args, **kwargs) if 'connection' in kwargs: del kwargs['connection'] if 'prepared' in kwargs: del kwargs['prepared'] return func(*args, **kwargs) return inner class LegacyConnection(type): """ A metaclass to normalize arguments give to the get_db_prep_* and db_type methods on fields. """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): new_cls = super(LegacyConnection, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) for attr in ('db_type', 'get_db_prep_save'): setattr(new_cls, attr, call_with_connection(getattr(new_cls, attr))) for attr in ('get_db_prep_lookup', 'get_db_prep_value'): setattr(new_cls, attr, call_with_connection_and_prepared(getattr(new_cls, attr))) return new_cls class SubfieldBase(LegacyConnection): """ A metaclass for custom Field subclasses. This ensures the model's attribute has the descriptor protocol attached to it. """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): new_class = super(SubfieldBase, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) new_class.contribute_to_class = make_contrib( new_class, attrs.get('contribute_to_class') ) return new_class class Creator(object): """ A placeholder class that provides a way to set the attribute on the model. """ def __init__(self, field): self.field = field def __get__(self, obj, type=None): if obj is None: raise AttributeError('Can only be accessed via an instance.') return obj.__dict__[self.field.name] def __set__(self, obj, value): obj.__dict__[self.field.name] = self.field.to_python(value) def make_contrib(superclass, func=None): """ Returns a suitable contribute_to_class() method for the Field subclass. If 'func' is passed in, it is the existing contribute_to_class() method on the subclass and it is called before anything else. It is assumed in this case that the existing contribute_to_class() calls all the necessary superclass methods. """ def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): if func: func(self, cls, name) else: super(superclass, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) setattr(cls, self.name, Creator(self)) return contribute_to_class
Python
import datetime import decimal import re import time import math from itertools import tee import django.utils.copycompat as copy from django.db import connection from django.db.models.fields.subclassing import LegacyConnection from django.db.models.query_utils import QueryWrapper from django.conf import settings from django import forms from django.core import exceptions, validators from django.utils.datastructures import DictWrapper from django.utils.functional import curry from django.utils.text import capfirst from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, force_unicode, smart_str from django.utils import datetime_safe class NOT_PROVIDED: pass # The values to use for "blank" in SelectFields. Will be appended to the start of most "choices" lists. BLANK_CHOICE_DASH = [("", "---------")] BLANK_CHOICE_NONE = [("", "None")] class FieldDoesNotExist(Exception): pass # A guide to Field parameters: # # * name: The name of the field specifed in the model. # * attname: The attribute to use on the model object. This is the same as # "name", except in the case of ForeignKeys, where "_id" is # appended. # * db_column: The db_column specified in the model (or None). # * column: The database column for this field. This is the same as # "attname", except if db_column is specified. # # Code that introspects values, or does other dynamic things, should use # attname. For example, this gets the primary key value of object "obj": # # getattr(obj, opts.pk.attname) class Field(object): """Base class for all field types""" __metaclass__ = LegacyConnection # Designates whether empty strings fundamentally are allowed at the # database level. empty_strings_allowed = True # These track each time a Field instance is created. Used to retain order. # The auto_creation_counter is used for fields that Django implicitly # creates, creation_counter is used for all user-specified fields. creation_counter = 0 auto_creation_counter = -1 default_validators = [] # Default set of validators default_error_messages = { 'invalid_choice': _(u'Value %r is not a valid choice.'), 'null': _(u'This field cannot be null.'), 'blank': _(u'This field cannot be blank.'), } # Generic field type description, usually overriden by subclasses def _description(self): return _(u'Field of type: %(field_type)s') % { 'field_type': self.__class__.__name__ } description = property(_description) def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, primary_key=False, max_length=None, unique=False, blank=False, null=False, db_index=False, rel=None, default=NOT_PROVIDED, editable=True, serialize=True, unique_for_date=None, unique_for_month=None, unique_for_year=None, choices=None, help_text='', db_column=None, db_tablespace=None, auto_created=False, validators=[], error_messages=None): self.name = name self.verbose_name = verbose_name self.primary_key = primary_key self.max_length, self._unique = max_length, unique self.blank, self.null = blank, null # Oracle treats the empty string ('') as null, so coerce the null # option whenever '' is a possible value. if self.empty_strings_allowed and connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls: self.null = True self.rel = rel self.default = default self.editable = editable self.serialize = serialize self.unique_for_date, self.unique_for_month = unique_for_date, unique_for_month self.unique_for_year = unique_for_year self._choices = choices or [] self.help_text = help_text self.db_column = db_column self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE self.auto_created = auto_created # Set db_index to True if the field has a relationship and doesn't explicitly set db_index. self.db_index = db_index # Adjust the appropriate creation counter, and save our local copy. if auto_created: self.creation_counter = Field.auto_creation_counter Field.auto_creation_counter -= 1 else: self.creation_counter = Field.creation_counter Field.creation_counter += 1 self.validators = self.default_validators + validators messages = {} for c in reversed(self.__class__.__mro__): messages.update(getattr(c, 'default_error_messages', {})) messages.update(error_messages or {}) self.error_messages = messages def __cmp__(self, other): # This is needed because bisect does not take a comparison function. return cmp(self.creation_counter, other.creation_counter) def __deepcopy__(self, memodict): # We don't have to deepcopy very much here, since most things are not # intended to be altered after initial creation. obj = copy.copy(self) if self.rel: obj.rel = copy.copy(self.rel) memodict[id(self)] = obj return obj def to_python(self, value): """ Converts the input value into the expected Python data type, raising django.core.exceptions.ValidationError if the data can't be converted. Returns the converted value. Subclasses should override this. """ return value def run_validators(self, value): if value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: return errors = [] for v in self.validators: try: v(value) except exceptions.ValidationError, e: if hasattr(e, 'code') and e.code in self.error_messages: message = self.error_messages[e.code] if e.params: message = message % e.params errors.append(message) else: errors.extend(e.messages) if errors: raise exceptions.ValidationError(errors) def validate(self, value, model_instance): """ Validates value and throws ValidationError. Subclasses should override this to provide validation logic. """ if not self.editable: # Skip validation for non-editable fields. return if self._choices and value: for option_key, option_value in self.choices: if isinstance(option_value, (list, tuple)): # This is an optgroup, so look inside the group for options. for optgroup_key, optgroup_value in option_value: if value == optgroup_key: return elif value == option_key: return raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % value) if value is None and not self.null: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['null']) if not self.blank and value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['blank']) def clean(self, value, model_instance): """ Convert the value's type and run validation. Validation errors from to_python and validate are propagated. The correct value is returned if no error is raised. """ value = self.to_python(value) self.validate(value, model_instance) self.run_validators(value) return value def db_type(self, connection): """ Returns the database column data type for this field, for the provided connection. """ # The default implementation of this method looks at the # backend-specific DATA_TYPES dictionary, looking up the field by its # "internal type". # # A Field class can implement the get_internal_type() method to specify # which *preexisting* Django Field class it's most similar to -- i.e., # a custom field might be represented by a TEXT column type, which is the # same as the TextField Django field type, which means the custom field's # get_internal_type() returns 'TextField'. # # But the limitation of the get_internal_type() / data_types approach # is that it cannot handle database column types that aren't already # mapped to one of the built-in Django field types. In this case, you # can implement db_type() instead of get_internal_type() to specify # exactly which wacky database column type you want to use. data = DictWrapper(self.__dict__, connection.ops.quote_name, "qn_") try: return connection.creation.data_types[self.get_internal_type()] % data except KeyError: return None def unique(self): return self._unique or self.primary_key unique = property(unique) def set_attributes_from_name(self, name): self.name = name self.attname, self.column = self.get_attname_column() if self.verbose_name is None and name: self.verbose_name = name.replace('_', ' ') def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): self.set_attributes_from_name(name) self.model = cls cls._meta.add_field(self) if self.choices: setattr(cls, 'get_%s_display' % self.name, curry(cls._get_FIELD_display, field=self)) def get_attname(self): return self.name def get_attname_column(self): attname = self.get_attname() column = self.db_column or attname return attname, column def get_cache_name(self): return '_%s_cache' % self.name def get_internal_type(self): return self.__class__.__name__ def pre_save(self, model_instance, add): "Returns field's value just before saving." return getattr(model_instance, self.attname) def get_prep_value(self, value): "Perform preliminary non-db specific value checks and conversions." return value def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): """Returns field's value prepared for interacting with the database backend. Used by the default implementations of ``get_db_prep_save``and `get_db_prep_lookup``` """ if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_value(value) return value def get_db_prep_save(self, value, connection): "Returns field's value prepared for saving into a database." return self.get_db_prep_value(value, connection=connection, prepared=False) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): "Perform preliminary non-db specific lookup checks and conversions" if hasattr(value, 'prepare'): return value.prepare() if hasattr(value, '_prepare'): return value._prepare() if lookup_type in ( 'regex', 'iregex', 'month', 'day', 'week_day', 'search', 'contains', 'icontains', 'iexact', 'startswith', 'istartswith', 'endswith', 'iendswith', 'isnull' ): return value elif lookup_type in ('exact', 'gt', 'gte', 'lt', 'lte'): return self.get_prep_value(value) elif lookup_type in ('range', 'in'): return [self.get_prep_value(v) for v in value] elif lookup_type == 'year': try: return int(value) except ValueError: raise ValueError("The __year lookup type requires an integer argument") raise TypeError("Field has invalid lookup: %s" % lookup_type) def get_db_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value, connection, prepared=False): "Returns field's value prepared for database lookup." if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) if hasattr(value, 'get_compiler'): value = value.get_compiler(connection=connection) if hasattr(value, 'as_sql') or hasattr(value, '_as_sql'): # If the value has a relabel_aliases method, it will need to # be invoked before the final SQL is evaluated if hasattr(value, 'relabel_aliases'): return value if hasattr(value, 'as_sql'): sql, params = value.as_sql() else: sql, params = value._as_sql(connection=connection) return QueryWrapper(('(%s)' % sql), params) if lookup_type in ('regex', 'iregex', 'month', 'day', 'week_day', 'search'): return [value] elif lookup_type in ('exact', 'gt', 'gte', 'lt', 'lte'): return [self.get_db_prep_value(value, connection=connection, prepared=prepared)] elif lookup_type in ('range', 'in'): return [self.get_db_prep_value(v, connection=connection, prepared=prepared) for v in value] elif lookup_type in ('contains', 'icontains'): return ["%%%s%%" % connection.ops.prep_for_like_query(value)] elif lookup_type == 'iexact': return [connection.ops.prep_for_iexact_query(value)] elif lookup_type in ('startswith', 'istartswith'): return ["%s%%" % connection.ops.prep_for_like_query(value)] elif lookup_type in ('endswith', 'iendswith'): return ["%%%s" % connection.ops.prep_for_like_query(value)] elif lookup_type == 'isnull': return [] elif lookup_type == 'year': if self.get_internal_type() == 'DateField': return connection.ops.year_lookup_bounds_for_date_field(value) else: return connection.ops.year_lookup_bounds(value) def has_default(self): "Returns a boolean of whether this field has a default value." return self.default is not NOT_PROVIDED def get_default(self): "Returns the default value for this field." if self.has_default(): if callable(self.default): return self.default() return force_unicode(self.default, strings_only=True) if not self.empty_strings_allowed or (self.null and not connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls): return None return "" def get_validator_unique_lookup_type(self): return '%s__exact' % self.name def get_choices(self, include_blank=True, blank_choice=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH): """Returns choices with a default blank choices included, for use as SelectField choices for this field.""" first_choice = include_blank and blank_choice or [] if self.choices: return first_choice + list(self.choices) rel_model = self.rel.to if hasattr(self.rel, 'get_related_field'): lst = [(getattr(x, self.rel.get_related_field().attname), smart_unicode(x)) for x in rel_model._default_manager.complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to)] else: lst = [(x._get_pk_val(), smart_unicode(x)) for x in rel_model._default_manager.complex_filter(self.rel.limit_choices_to)] return first_choice + lst def get_choices_default(self): return self.get_choices() def get_flatchoices(self, include_blank=True, blank_choice=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH): "Returns flattened choices with a default blank choice included." first_choice = include_blank and blank_choice or [] return first_choice + list(self.flatchoices) def _get_val_from_obj(self, obj): if obj is not None: return getattr(obj, self.attname) else: return self.get_default() def value_to_string(self, obj): """ Returns a string value of this field from the passed obj. This is used by the serialization framework. """ return smart_unicode(self._get_val_from_obj(obj)) def bind(self, fieldmapping, original, bound_field_class): return bound_field_class(self, fieldmapping, original) def _get_choices(self): if hasattr(self._choices, 'next'): choices, self._choices = tee(self._choices) return choices else: return self._choices choices = property(_get_choices) def _get_flatchoices(self): """Flattened version of choices tuple.""" flat = [] for choice, value in self.choices: if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): flat.extend(value) else: flat.append((choice,value)) return flat flatchoices = property(_get_flatchoices) def save_form_data(self, instance, data): setattr(instance, self.name, data) def formfield(self, form_class=forms.CharField, **kwargs): "Returns a django.forms.Field instance for this database Field." defaults = {'required': not self.blank, 'label': capfirst(self.verbose_name), 'help_text': self.help_text} if self.has_default(): if callable(self.default): defaults['initial'] = self.default defaults['show_hidden_initial'] = True else: defaults['initial'] = self.get_default() if self.choices: # Fields with choices get special treatment. include_blank = self.blank or not (self.has_default() or 'initial' in kwargs) defaults['choices'] = self.get_choices(include_blank=include_blank) defaults['coerce'] = self.to_python if self.null: defaults['empty_value'] = None form_class = forms.TypedChoiceField # Many of the subclass-specific formfield arguments (min_value, # max_value) don't apply for choice fields, so be sure to only pass # the values that TypedChoiceField will understand. for k in kwargs.keys(): if k not in ('coerce', 'empty_value', 'choices', 'required', 'widget', 'label', 'initial', 'help_text', 'error_messages', 'show_hidden_initial'): del kwargs[k] defaults.update(kwargs) return form_class(**defaults) def value_from_object(self, obj): "Returns the value of this field in the given model instance." return getattr(obj, self.attname) class AutoField(Field): description = _("Automatic key") empty_strings_allowed = False def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): assert kwargs.get('primary_key', False) is True, "%ss must have primary_key=True." % self.__class__.__name__ kwargs['blank'] = True Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "AutoField" def validate(self, value, model_instance): pass def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): return connection.ops.value_to_db_auto(value) def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): assert not cls._meta.has_auto_field, "A model can't have more than one AutoField." super(AutoField, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) cls._meta.has_auto_field = True cls._meta.auto_field = self def formfield(self, **kwargs): return None class BooleanField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'This value must be either True or False.'), } description = _("Boolean (Either True or False)") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['blank'] = True if 'default' not in kwargs and not kwargs.get('null'): kwargs['default'] = False Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "BooleanField" def to_python(self, value): if value in (True, False): # if value is 1 or 0 than it's equal to True or False, but we want # to return a true bool for semantic reasons. return bool(value) if value in ('t', 'True', '1'): return True if value in ('f', 'False', '0'): return False raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): # Special-case handling for filters coming from a Web request (e.g. the # admin interface). Only works for scalar values (not lists). If you're # passing in a list, you might as well make things the right type when # constructing the list. if value in ('1', '0'): value = bool(int(value)) return super(BooleanField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) def get_prep_value(self, value): if value is None: return None return bool(value) def formfield(self, **kwargs): # Unlike most fields, BooleanField figures out include_blank from # self.null instead of self.blank. if self.choices: include_blank = self.null or not (self.has_default() or 'initial' in kwargs) defaults = {'choices': self.get_choices(include_blank=include_blank)} else: defaults = {'form_class': forms.BooleanField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(BooleanField, self).formfield(**defaults) class CharField(Field): description = _("String (up to %(max_length)s)") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.validators.append(validators.MaxLengthValidator(self.max_length)) def get_internal_type(self): return "CharField" def to_python(self, value): if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None: return value return smart_unicode(value) def get_prep_value(self, value): return self.to_python(value) def formfield(self, **kwargs): # Passing max_length to forms.CharField means that the value's length # will be validated twice. This is considered acceptable since we want # the value in the form field (to pass into widget for example). defaults = {'max_length': self.max_length} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(CharField, self).formfield(**defaults) # TODO: Maybe move this into contrib, because it's specialized. class CommaSeparatedIntegerField(CharField): default_validators = [validators.validate_comma_separated_integer_list] description = _("Comma-separated integers") def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = { 'error_messages': { 'invalid': _(u'Enter only digits separated by commas.'), } } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(CommaSeparatedIntegerField, self).formfield(**defaults) ansi_date_re = re.compile(r'^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}$') class DateField(Field): description = _("Date (without time)") empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _('Enter a valid date in YYYY-MM-DD format.'), 'invalid_date': _('Invalid date: %s'), } def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False, **kwargs): self.auto_now, self.auto_now_add = auto_now, auto_now_add #HACKs : auto_now_add/auto_now should be done as a default or a pre_save. if auto_now or auto_now_add: kwargs['editable'] = False kwargs['blank'] = True Field.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "DateField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return value if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): return value.date() if isinstance(value, datetime.date): return value if not ansi_date_re.search(value): raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) # Now that we have the date string in YYYY-MM-DD format, check to make # sure it's a valid date. # We could use time.strptime here and catch errors, but datetime.date # produces much friendlier error messages. year, month, day = map(int, value.split('-')) try: return datetime.date(year, month, day) except ValueError, e: msg = self.error_messages['invalid_date'] % _(str(e)) raise exceptions.ValidationError(msg) def pre_save(self, model_instance, add): if self.auto_now or (self.auto_now_add and add): value = datetime.date.today() setattr(model_instance, self.attname, value) return value else: return super(DateField, self).pre_save(model_instance, add) def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): super(DateField,self).contribute_to_class(cls, name) if not self.null: setattr(cls, 'get_next_by_%s' % self.name, curry(cls._get_next_or_previous_by_FIELD, field=self, is_next=True)) setattr(cls, 'get_previous_by_%s' % self.name, curry(cls._get_next_or_previous_by_FIELD, field=self, is_next=False)) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): # For "__month", "__day", and "__week_day" lookups, convert the value # to an int so the database backend always sees a consistent type. if lookup_type in ('month', 'day', 'week_day'): return int(value) return super(DateField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) def get_prep_value(self, value): return self.to_python(value) def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): # Casts dates into the format expected by the backend if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_value(value) return connection.ops.value_to_db_date(value) def value_to_string(self, obj): val = self._get_val_from_obj(obj) if val is None: data = '' else: data = datetime_safe.new_date(val).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") return data def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.DateField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(DateField, self).formfield(**defaults) class DateTimeField(DateField): default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'Enter a valid date/time in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]] format.'), } description = _("Date (with time)") def get_internal_type(self): return "DateTimeField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return value if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): return value if isinstance(value, datetime.date): return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day) # Attempt to parse a datetime: value = smart_str(value) # split usecs, because they are not recognized by strptime. if '.' in value: try: value, usecs = value.split('.') usecs = int(usecs) except ValueError: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) else: usecs = 0 kwargs = {'microsecond': usecs} try: # Seconds are optional, so try converting seconds first. return datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(value, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')[:6], **kwargs) except ValueError: try: # Try without seconds. return datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(value, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')[:5], **kwargs) except ValueError: # Try without hour/minutes/seconds. try: return datetime.datetime(*time.strptime(value, '%Y-%m-%d')[:3], **kwargs) except ValueError: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def pre_save(self, model_instance, add): if self.auto_now or (self.auto_now_add and add): value = datetime.datetime.now() setattr(model_instance, self.attname, value) return value else: return super(DateTimeField, self).pre_save(model_instance, add) def get_prep_value(self, value): return self.to_python(value) def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): # Casts dates into the format expected by the backend if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_value(value) return connection.ops.value_to_db_datetime(value) def value_to_string(self, obj): val = self._get_val_from_obj(obj) if val is None: data = '' else: d = datetime_safe.new_datetime(val) data = d.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') return data def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.DateTimeField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(DateTimeField, self).formfield(**defaults) class DecimalField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _(u'This value must be a decimal number.'), } description = _("Decimal number") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, max_digits=None, decimal_places=None, **kwargs): self.max_digits, self.decimal_places = max_digits, decimal_places Field.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "DecimalField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return value try: return decimal.Decimal(value) except decimal.InvalidOperation: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def _format(self, value): if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None: return value else: return self.format_number(value) def format_number(self, value): """ Formats a number into a string with the requisite number of digits and decimal places. """ # Method moved to django.db.backends.util. # # It is preserved because it is used by the oracle backend # (django.db.backends.oracle.query), and also for # backwards-compatibility with any external code which may have used # this method. from django.db.backends import util return util.format_number(value, self.max_digits, self.decimal_places) def get_db_prep_save(self, value, connection): return connection.ops.value_to_db_decimal(self.to_python(value), self.max_digits, self.decimal_places) def get_prep_value(self, value): return self.to_python(value) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = { 'max_digits': self.max_digits, 'decimal_places': self.decimal_places, 'form_class': forms.DecimalField, } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(DecimalField, self).formfield(**defaults) class EmailField(CharField): default_validators = [validators.validate_email] description = _("E-mail address") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['max_length'] = kwargs.get('max_length', 75) CharField.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def formfield(self, **kwargs): # As with CharField, this will cause email validation to be performed twice defaults = { 'form_class': forms.EmailField, } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(EmailField, self).formfield(**defaults) class FilePathField(Field): description = _("File path") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, path='', match=None, recursive=False, **kwargs): self.path, self.match, self.recursive = path, match, recursive kwargs['max_length'] = kwargs.get('max_length', 100) Field.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = { 'path': self.path, 'match': self.match, 'recursive': self.recursive, 'form_class': forms.FilePathField, } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(FilePathField, self).formfield(**defaults) def get_internal_type(self): return "FilePathField" class FloatField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _("This value must be a float."), } description = _("Floating point number") def get_prep_value(self, value): if value is None: return None return float(value) def get_internal_type(self): return "FloatField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return value try: return float(value) except (TypeError, ValueError): raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.FloatField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(FloatField, self).formfield(**defaults) class IntegerField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _("This value must be an integer."), } description = _("Integer") def get_prep_value(self, value): if value is None: return None return int(value) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): if (lookup_type == 'gte' or lookup_type == 'lt') \ and isinstance(value, float): value = math.ceil(value) return super(IntegerField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) def get_internal_type(self): return "IntegerField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return value try: return int(value) except (TypeError, ValueError): raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.IntegerField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(IntegerField, self).formfield(**defaults) class BigIntegerField(IntegerField): empty_strings_allowed = False description = _("Big (8 byte) integer") MAX_BIGINT = 9223372036854775807 def get_internal_type(self): return "BigIntegerField" def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'min_value': -BigIntegerField.MAX_BIGINT - 1, 'max_value': BigIntegerField.MAX_BIGINT} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(BigIntegerField, self).formfield(**defaults) class IPAddressField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False description = _("IP address") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['max_length'] = 15 Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "IPAddressField" def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.IPAddressField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(IPAddressField, self).formfield(**defaults) class NullBooleanField(Field): empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _("This value must be either None, True or False."), } description = _("Boolean (Either True, False or None)") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['null'] = True kwargs['blank'] = True Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "NullBooleanField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return None if value in (True, False): return bool(value) if value in ('None',): return None if value in ('t', 'True', '1'): return True if value in ('f', 'False', '0'): return False raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def get_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value): # Special-case handling for filters coming from a Web request (e.g. the # admin interface). Only works for scalar values (not lists). If you're # passing in a list, you might as well make things the right type when # constructing the list. if value in ('1', '0'): value = bool(int(value)) return super(NullBooleanField, self).get_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value) def get_prep_value(self, value): if value is None: return None return bool(value) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = { 'form_class': forms.NullBooleanField, 'required': not self.blank, 'label': capfirst(self.verbose_name), 'help_text': self.help_text} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(NullBooleanField, self).formfield(**defaults) class PositiveIntegerField(IntegerField): description = _("Integer") def get_internal_type(self): return "PositiveIntegerField" def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'min_value': 0} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(PositiveIntegerField, self).formfield(**defaults) class PositiveSmallIntegerField(IntegerField): description = _("Integer") def get_internal_type(self): return "PositiveSmallIntegerField" def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'min_value': 0} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(PositiveSmallIntegerField, self).formfield(**defaults) class SlugField(CharField): description = _("String (up to %(max_length)s)") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['max_length'] = kwargs.get('max_length', 50) # Set db_index=True unless it's been set manually. if 'db_index' not in kwargs: kwargs['db_index'] = True super(SlugField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "SlugField" def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.SlugField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(SlugField, self).formfield(**defaults) class SmallIntegerField(IntegerField): description = _("Integer") def get_internal_type(self): return "SmallIntegerField" class TextField(Field): description = _("Text") def get_internal_type(self): return "TextField" def get_prep_value(self, value): if isinstance(value, basestring) or value is None: return value return smart_unicode(value) def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'widget': forms.Textarea} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(TextField, self).formfield(**defaults) class TimeField(Field): description = _("Time") empty_strings_allowed = False default_error_messages = { 'invalid': _('Enter a valid time in HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]] format.'), } def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False, **kwargs): self.auto_now, self.auto_now_add = auto_now, auto_now_add if auto_now or auto_now_add: kwargs['editable'] = False Field.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) def get_internal_type(self): return "TimeField" def to_python(self, value): if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, datetime.time): return value if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): # Not usually a good idea to pass in a datetime here (it loses # information), but this can be a side-effect of interacting with a # database backend (e.g. Oracle), so we'll be accommodating. return value.time() # Attempt to parse a datetime: value = smart_str(value) # split usecs, because they are not recognized by strptime. if '.' in value: try: value, usecs = value.split('.') usecs = int(usecs) except ValueError: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) else: usecs = 0 kwargs = {'microsecond': usecs} try: # Seconds are optional, so try converting seconds first. return datetime.time(*time.strptime(value, '%H:%M:%S')[3:6], **kwargs) except ValueError: try: # Try without seconds. return datetime.time(*time.strptime(value, '%H:%M')[3:5], **kwargs) except ValueError: raise exceptions.ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid']) def pre_save(self, model_instance, add): if self.auto_now or (self.auto_now_add and add): value = datetime.datetime.now().time() setattr(model_instance, self.attname, value) return value else: return super(TimeField, self).pre_save(model_instance, add) def get_prep_value(self, value): return self.to_python(value) def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False): # Casts times into the format expected by the backend if not prepared: value = self.get_prep_value(value) return connection.ops.value_to_db_time(value) def value_to_string(self, obj): val = self._get_val_from_obj(obj) if val is None: data = '' else: data = val.strftime("%H:%M:%S") return data def formfield(self, **kwargs): defaults = {'form_class': forms.TimeField} defaults.update(kwargs) return super(TimeField, self).formfield(**defaults) class URLField(CharField): description = _("URL") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, verify_exists=False, **kwargs): kwargs['max_length'] = kwargs.get('max_length', 200) CharField.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs) self.validators.append(validators.URLValidator(verify_exists=verify_exists)) def formfield(self, **kwargs): # As with CharField, this will cause URL validation to be performed twice defaults = { 'form_class': forms.URLField, } defaults.update(kwargs) return super(URLField, self).formfield(**defaults) class XMLField(TextField): description = _("XML text") def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, name=None, schema_path=None, **kwargs): import warnings warnings.warn("Use of XMLField has been deprecated; please use TextField instead.", DeprecationWarning) self.schema_path = schema_path Field.__init__(self, verbose_name, name, **kwargs)
Python
"Utilities for loading models and the modules that contain them." from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.utils.module_loading import module_has_submodule import imp import sys import os import threading __all__ = ('get_apps', 'get_app', 'get_models', 'get_model', 'register_models', 'load_app', 'app_cache_ready') class AppCache(object): """ A cache that stores installed applications and their models. Used to provide reverse-relations and for app introspection (e.g. admin). """ # Use the Borg pattern to share state between all instances. Details at # http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66531. __shared_state = dict( # Keys of app_store are the model modules for each application. app_store = SortedDict(), # Mapping of app_labels to a dictionary of model names to model code. app_models = SortedDict(), # Mapping of app_labels to errors raised when trying to import the app. app_errors = {}, # -- Everything below here is only used when populating the cache -- loaded = False, handled = {}, postponed = [], nesting_level = 0, write_lock = threading.RLock(), _get_models_cache = {}, ) def __init__(self): self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state def _populate(self): """ Fill in all the cache information. This method is threadsafe, in the sense that every caller will see the same state upon return, and if the cache is already initialised, it does no work. """ if self.loaded: return self.write_lock.acquire() try: if self.loaded: return for app_name in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: if app_name in self.handled: continue self.load_app(app_name, True) if not self.nesting_level: for app_name in self.postponed: self.load_app(app_name) self.loaded = True finally: self.write_lock.release() def load_app(self, app_name, can_postpone=False): """ Loads the app with the provided fully qualified name, and returns the model module. """ self.handled[app_name] = None self.nesting_level += 1 app_module = import_module(app_name) try: models = import_module('.models', app_name) except ImportError: self.nesting_level -= 1 # If the app doesn't have a models module, we can just ignore the # ImportError and return no models for it. if not module_has_submodule(app_module, 'models'): return None # But if the app does have a models module, we need to figure out # whether to suppress or propagate the error. If can_postpone is # True then it may be that the package is still being imported by # Python and the models module isn't available yet. So we add the # app to the postponed list and we'll try it again after all the # recursion has finished (in populate). If can_postpone is False # then it's time to raise the ImportError. else: if can_postpone: self.postponed.append(app_name) return None else: raise self.nesting_level -= 1 if models not in self.app_store: self.app_store[models] = len(self.app_store) return models def app_cache_ready(self): """ Returns true if the model cache is fully populated. Useful for code that wants to cache the results of get_models() for themselves once it is safe to do so. """ return self.loaded def get_apps(self): "Returns a list of all installed modules that contain models." self._populate() # Ensure the returned list is always in the same order (with new apps # added at the end). This avoids unstable ordering on the admin app # list page, for example. apps = [(v, k) for k, v in self.app_store.items()] apps.sort() return [elt[1] for elt in apps] def get_app(self, app_label, emptyOK=False): """ Returns the module containing the models for the given app_label. If the app has no models in it and 'emptyOK' is True, returns None. """ self._populate() self.write_lock.acquire() try: for app_name in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: if app_label == app_name.split('.')[-1]: mod = self.load_app(app_name, False) if mod is None: if emptyOK: return None else: return mod raise ImproperlyConfigured("App with label %s could not be found" % app_label) finally: self.write_lock.release() def get_app_errors(self): "Returns the map of known problems with the INSTALLED_APPS." self._populate() return self.app_errors def get_models(self, app_mod=None, include_auto_created=False, include_deferred=False): """ Given a module containing models, returns a list of the models. Otherwise returns a list of all installed models. By default, auto-created models (i.e., m2m models without an explicit intermediate table) are not included. However, if you specify include_auto_created=True, they will be. By default, models created to satisfy deferred attribute queries are *not* included in the list of models. However, if you specify include_deferred, they will be. """ cache_key = (app_mod, include_auto_created, include_deferred) try: return self._get_models_cache[cache_key] except KeyError: pass self._populate() if app_mod: app_list = [self.app_models.get(app_mod.__name__.split('.')[-2], SortedDict())] else: app_list = self.app_models.itervalues() model_list = [] for app in app_list: model_list.extend( model for model in app.values() if ((not model._deferred or include_deferred) and (not model._meta.auto_created or include_auto_created)) ) self._get_models_cache[cache_key] = model_list return model_list def get_model(self, app_label, model_name, seed_cache=True): """ Returns the model matching the given app_label and case-insensitive model_name. Returns None if no model is found. """ if seed_cache: self._populate() return self.app_models.get(app_label, SortedDict()).get(model_name.lower()) def register_models(self, app_label, *models): """ Register a set of models as belonging to an app. """ for model in models: # Store as 'name: model' pair in a dictionary # in the app_models dictionary model_name = model._meta.object_name.lower() model_dict = self.app_models.setdefault(app_label, SortedDict()) if model_name in model_dict: # The same model may be imported via different paths (e.g. # appname.models and project.appname.models). We use the source # filename as a means to detect identity. fname1 = os.path.abspath(sys.modules[model.__module__].__file__) fname2 = os.path.abspath(sys.modules[model_dict[model_name].__module__].__file__) # Since the filename extension could be .py the first time and # .pyc or .pyo the second time, ignore the extension when # comparing. if os.path.splitext(fname1)[0] == os.path.splitext(fname2)[0]: continue model_dict[model_name] = model self._get_models_cache.clear() cache = AppCache() # These methods were always module level, so are kept that way for backwards # compatibility. get_apps = cache.get_apps get_app = cache.get_app get_app_errors = cache.get_app_errors get_models = cache.get_models get_model = cache.get_model register_models = cache.register_models load_app = cache.load_app app_cache_ready = cache.app_cache_ready
Python
""" Classes to represent the definitions of aggregate functions. """ class Aggregate(object): """ Default Aggregate definition. """ def __init__(self, lookup, **extra): """Instantiate a new aggregate. * lookup is the field on which the aggregate operates. * extra is a dictionary of additional data to provide for the aggregate definition Also utilizes the class variables: * name, the identifier for this aggregate function. """ self.lookup = lookup self.extra = extra def _default_alias(self): return '%s__%s' % (self.lookup, self.name.lower()) default_alias = property(_default_alias) def add_to_query(self, query, alias, col, source, is_summary): """Add the aggregate to the nominated query. This method is used to convert the generic Aggregate definition into a backend-specific definition. * query is the backend-specific query instance to which the aggregate is to be added. * col is a column reference describing the subject field of the aggregate. It can be an alias, or a tuple describing a table and column name. * source is the underlying field or aggregate definition for the column reference. If the aggregate is not an ordinal or computed type, this reference is used to determine the coerced output type of the aggregate. * is_summary is a boolean that is set True if the aggregate is a summary value rather than an annotation. """ klass = getattr(query.aggregates_module, self.name) aggregate = klass(col, source=source, is_summary=is_summary, **self.extra) query.aggregates[alias] = aggregate class Avg(Aggregate): name = 'Avg' class Count(Aggregate): name = 'Count' class Max(Aggregate): name = 'Max' class Min(Aggregate): name = 'Min' class StdDev(Aggregate): name = 'StdDev' class Sum(Aggregate): name = 'Sum' class Variance(Aggregate): name = 'Variance'
Python
import re from bisect import bisect from django.conf import settings from django.db.models.related import RelatedObject from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyRel from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, FieldDoesNotExist from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt from django.db.models.loading import get_models, app_cache_ready from django.utils.translation import activate, deactivate_all, get_language, string_concat from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode, smart_str from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict try: all except NameError: from django.utils.itercompat import all # Calculate the verbose_name by converting from InitialCaps to "lowercase with spaces". get_verbose_name = lambda class_name: re.sub('(((?<=[a-z])[A-Z])|([A-Z](?![A-Z]|$)))', ' \\1', class_name).lower().strip() DEFAULT_NAMES = ('verbose_name', 'verbose_name_plural', 'db_table', 'ordering', 'unique_together', 'permissions', 'get_latest_by', 'order_with_respect_to', 'app_label', 'db_tablespace', 'abstract', 'managed', 'proxy', 'auto_created') class Options(object): def __init__(self, meta, app_label=None): self.local_fields, self.local_many_to_many = [], [] self.virtual_fields = [] self.module_name, self.verbose_name = None, None self.verbose_name_plural = None self.db_table = '' self.ordering = [] self.unique_together = [] self.permissions = [] self.object_name, self.app_label = None, app_label self.get_latest_by = None self.order_with_respect_to = None self.db_tablespace = settings.DEFAULT_TABLESPACE self.admin = None self.meta = meta self.pk = None self.has_auto_field, self.auto_field = False, None self.abstract = False self.managed = True self.proxy = False self.proxy_for_model = None self.parents = SortedDict() self.duplicate_targets = {} self.auto_created = False # To handle various inheritance situations, we need to track where # managers came from (concrete or abstract base classes). self.abstract_managers = [] self.concrete_managers = [] # List of all lookups defined in ForeignKey 'limit_choices_to' options # from *other* models. Needed for some admin checks. Internal use only. self.related_fkey_lookups = [] def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name): from django.db import connection from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name cls._meta = self self.installed = re.sub('\.models$', '', cls.__module__) in settings.INSTALLED_APPS # First, construct the default values for these options. self.object_name = cls.__name__ self.module_name = self.object_name.lower() self.verbose_name = get_verbose_name(self.object_name) # Next, apply any overridden values from 'class Meta'. if self.meta: meta_attrs = self.meta.__dict__.copy() for name in self.meta.__dict__: # Ignore any private attributes that Django doesn't care about. # NOTE: We can't modify a dictionary's contents while looping # over it, so we loop over the *original* dictionary instead. if name.startswith('_'): del meta_attrs[name] for attr_name in DEFAULT_NAMES: if attr_name in meta_attrs: setattr(self, attr_name, meta_attrs.pop(attr_name)) elif hasattr(self.meta, attr_name): setattr(self, attr_name, getattr(self.meta, attr_name)) # unique_together can be either a tuple of tuples, or a single # tuple of two strings. Normalize it to a tuple of tuples, so that # calling code can uniformly expect that. ut = meta_attrs.pop('unique_together', self.unique_together) if ut and not isinstance(ut[0], (tuple, list)): ut = (ut,) self.unique_together = ut # verbose_name_plural is a special case because it uses a 's' # by default. if self.verbose_name_plural is None: self.verbose_name_plural = string_concat(self.verbose_name, 's') # Any leftover attributes must be invalid. if meta_attrs != {}: raise TypeError("'class Meta' got invalid attribute(s): %s" % ','.join(meta_attrs.keys())) else: self.verbose_name_plural = string_concat(self.verbose_name, 's') del self.meta # If the db_table wasn't provided, use the app_label + module_name. if not self.db_table: self.db_table = "%s_%s" % (self.app_label, self.module_name) self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length()) def _prepare(self, model): if self.order_with_respect_to: self.order_with_respect_to = self.get_field(self.order_with_respect_to) self.ordering = ('_order',) model.add_to_class('_order', OrderWrt()) else: self.order_with_respect_to = None if self.pk is None: if self.parents: # Promote the first parent link in lieu of adding yet another # field. field = self.parents.value_for_index(0) # Look for a local field with the same name as the # first parent link. If a local field has already been # created, use it instead of promoting the parent already_created = [fld for fld in self.local_fields if fld.name == field.name] if already_created: field = already_created[0] field.primary_key = True self.setup_pk(field) else: auto = AutoField(verbose_name='ID', primary_key=True, auto_created=True) model.add_to_class('id', auto) # Determine any sets of fields that are pointing to the same targets # (e.g. two ForeignKeys to the same remote model). The query # construction code needs to know this. At the end of this, # self.duplicate_targets will map each duplicate field column to the # columns it duplicates. collections = {} for column, target in self.duplicate_targets.iteritems(): try: collections[target].add(column) except KeyError: collections[target] = set([column]) self.duplicate_targets = {} for elt in collections.itervalues(): if len(elt) == 1: continue for column in elt: self.duplicate_targets[column] = elt.difference(set([column])) def add_field(self, field): # Insert the given field in the order in which it was created, using # the "creation_counter" attribute of the field. # Move many-to-many related fields from self.fields into # self.many_to_many. if field.rel and isinstance(field.rel, ManyToManyRel): self.local_many_to_many.insert(bisect(self.local_many_to_many, field), field) if hasattr(self, '_m2m_cache'): del self._m2m_cache else: self.local_fields.insert(bisect(self.local_fields, field), field) self.setup_pk(field) if hasattr(self, '_field_cache'): del self._field_cache del self._field_name_cache if hasattr(self, '_name_map'): del self._name_map def add_virtual_field(self, field): self.virtual_fields.append(field) def setup_pk(self, field): if not self.pk and field.primary_key: self.pk = field field.serialize = False def setup_proxy(self, target): """ Does the internal setup so that the current model is a proxy for "target". """ self.pk = target._meta.pk self.proxy_for_model = target self.db_table = target._meta.db_table def __repr__(self): return '<Options for %s>' % self.object_name def __str__(self): return "%s.%s" % (smart_str(self.app_label), smart_str(self.module_name)) def verbose_name_raw(self): """ There are a few places where the untranslated verbose name is needed (so that we get the same value regardless of currently active locale). """ lang = get_language() deactivate_all() raw = force_unicode(self.verbose_name) activate(lang) return raw verbose_name_raw = property(verbose_name_raw) def _fields(self): """ The getter for self.fields. This returns the list of field objects available to this model (including through parent models). Callers are not permitted to modify this list, since it's a reference to this instance (not a copy). """ try: self._field_name_cache except AttributeError: self._fill_fields_cache() return self._field_name_cache fields = property(_fields) def get_fields_with_model(self): """ Returns a sequence of (field, model) pairs for all fields. The "model" element is None for fields on the current model. Mostly of use when constructing queries so that we know which model a field belongs to. """ try: self._field_cache except AttributeError: self._fill_fields_cache() return self._field_cache def _fill_fields_cache(self): cache = [] for parent in self.parents: for field, model in parent._meta.get_fields_with_model(): if model: cache.append((field, model)) else: cache.append((field, parent)) cache.extend([(f, None) for f in self.local_fields]) self._field_cache = tuple(cache) self._field_name_cache = [x for x, _ in cache] def _many_to_many(self): try: self._m2m_cache except AttributeError: self._fill_m2m_cache() return self._m2m_cache.keys() many_to_many = property(_many_to_many) def get_m2m_with_model(self): """ The many-to-many version of get_fields_with_model(). """ try: self._m2m_cache except AttributeError: self._fill_m2m_cache() return self._m2m_cache.items() def _fill_m2m_cache(self): cache = SortedDict() for parent in self.parents: for field, model in parent._meta.get_m2m_with_model(): if model: cache[field] = model else: cache[field] = parent for field in self.local_many_to_many: cache[field] = None self._m2m_cache = cache def get_field(self, name, many_to_many=True): """ Returns the requested field by name. Raises FieldDoesNotExist on error. """ to_search = many_to_many and (self.fields + self.many_to_many) or self.fields for f in to_search: if f.name == name: return f raise FieldDoesNotExist('%s has no field named %r' % (self.object_name, name)) def get_field_by_name(self, name): """ Returns the (field_object, model, direct, m2m), where field_object is the Field instance for the given name, model is the model containing this field (None for local fields), direct is True if the field exists on this model, and m2m is True for many-to-many relations. When 'direct' is False, 'field_object' is the corresponding RelatedObject for this field (since the field doesn't have an instance associated with it). Uses a cache internally, so after the first access, this is very fast. """ try: try: return self._name_map[name] except AttributeError: cache = self.init_name_map() return cache[name] except KeyError: raise FieldDoesNotExist('%s has no field named %r' % (self.object_name, name)) def get_all_field_names(self): """ Returns a list of all field names that are possible for this model (including reverse relation names). This is used for pretty printing debugging output (a list of choices), so any internal-only field names are not included. """ try: cache = self._name_map except AttributeError: cache = self.init_name_map() names = cache.keys() names.sort() # Internal-only names end with "+" (symmetrical m2m related names being # the main example). Trim them. return [val for val in names if not val.endswith('+')] def init_name_map(self): """ Initialises the field name -> field object mapping. """ cache = {} # We intentionally handle related m2m objects first so that symmetrical # m2m accessor names can be overridden, if necessary. for f, model in self.get_all_related_m2m_objects_with_model(): cache[f.field.related_query_name()] = (f, model, False, True) for f, model in self.get_all_related_objects_with_model(): cache[f.field.related_query_name()] = (f, model, False, False) for f, model in self.get_m2m_with_model(): cache[f.name] = (f, model, True, True) for f, model in self.get_fields_with_model(): cache[f.name] = (f, model, True, False) if app_cache_ready(): self._name_map = cache return cache def get_add_permission(self): return 'add_%s' % self.object_name.lower() def get_change_permission(self): return 'change_%s' % self.object_name.lower() def get_delete_permission(self): return 'delete_%s' % self.object_name.lower() def get_all_related_objects(self, local_only=False, include_hidden=False): return [k for k, v in self.get_all_related_objects_with_model( local_only=local_only, include_hidden=include_hidden)] def get_all_related_objects_with_model(self, local_only=False, include_hidden=False): """ Returns a list of (related-object, model) pairs. Similar to get_fields_with_model(). """ try: self._related_objects_cache except AttributeError: self._fill_related_objects_cache() predicates = [] if local_only: predicates.append(lambda k, v: not v) if not include_hidden: predicates.append(lambda k, v: not k.field.rel.is_hidden()) return filter(lambda t: all([p(*t) for p in predicates]), self._related_objects_cache.items()) def _fill_related_objects_cache(self): cache = SortedDict() parent_list = self.get_parent_list() for parent in self.parents: for obj, model in parent._meta.get_all_related_objects_with_model(include_hidden=True): if (obj.field.creation_counter < 0 or obj.field.rel.parent_link) and obj.model not in parent_list: continue if not model: cache[obj] = parent else: cache[obj] = model for klass in get_models(include_auto_created=True): for f in klass._meta.local_fields: if f.rel and not isinstance(f.rel.to, basestring) and self == f.rel.to._meta: cache[RelatedObject(f.rel.to, klass, f)] = None self._related_objects_cache = cache def get_all_related_many_to_many_objects(self, local_only=False): try: cache = self._related_many_to_many_cache except AttributeError: cache = self._fill_related_many_to_many_cache() if local_only: return [k for k, v in cache.items() if not v] return cache.keys() def get_all_related_m2m_objects_with_model(self): """ Returns a list of (related-m2m-object, model) pairs. Similar to get_fields_with_model(). """ try: cache = self._related_many_to_many_cache except AttributeError: cache = self._fill_related_many_to_many_cache() return cache.items() def _fill_related_many_to_many_cache(self): cache = SortedDict() parent_list = self.get_parent_list() for parent in self.parents: for obj, model in parent._meta.get_all_related_m2m_objects_with_model(): if obj.field.creation_counter < 0 and obj.model not in parent_list: continue if not model: cache[obj] = parent else: cache[obj] = model for klass in get_models(): for f in klass._meta.local_many_to_many: if f.rel and not isinstance(f.rel.to, basestring) and self == f.rel.to._meta: cache[RelatedObject(f.rel.to, klass, f)] = None if app_cache_ready(): self._related_many_to_many_cache = cache return cache def get_base_chain(self, model): """ Returns a list of parent classes leading to 'model' (order from closet to most distant ancestor). This has to handle the case were 'model' is a granparent or even more distant relation. """ if not self.parents: return if model in self.parents: return [model] for parent in self.parents: res = parent._meta.get_base_chain(model) if res: res.insert(0, parent) return res raise TypeError('%r is not an ancestor of this model' % model._meta.module_name) def get_parent_list(self): """ Returns a list of all the ancestor of this model as a list. Useful for determining if something is an ancestor, regardless of lineage. """ result = set() for parent in self.parents: result.add(parent) result.update(parent._meta.get_parent_list()) return result def get_ancestor_link(self, ancestor): """ Returns the field on the current model which points to the given "ancestor". This is possible an indirect link (a pointer to a parent model, which points, eventually, to the ancestor). Used when constructing table joins for model inheritance. Returns None if the model isn't an ancestor of this one. """ if ancestor in self.parents: return self.parents[ancestor] for parent in self.parents: # Tries to get a link field from the immediate parent parent_link = parent._meta.get_ancestor_link(ancestor) if parent_link: # In case of a proxied model, the first link # of the chain to the ancestor is that parent # links return self.parents[parent] or parent_link def get_ordered_objects(self): "Returns a list of Options objects that are ordered with respect to this object." if not hasattr(self, '_ordered_objects'): objects = [] # TODO #for klass in get_models(get_app(self.app_label)): # opts = klass._meta # if opts.order_with_respect_to and opts.order_with_respect_to.rel \ # and self == opts.order_with_respect_to.rel.to._meta: # objects.append(opts) self._ordered_objects = objects return self._ordered_objects def pk_index(self): """ Returns the index of the primary key field in the self.fields list. """ return self.fields.index(self.pk)
Python
import types import sys from itertools import izip import django.db.models.manager # Imported to register signal handler. from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned, FieldError, ValidationError, NON_FIELD_ERRORS from django.core import validators from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, FieldDoesNotExist from django.db.models.fields.related import (OneToOneRel, ManyToOneRel, OneToOneField, add_lazy_relation) from django.db.models.query import Q from django.db.models.query_utils import DeferredAttribute from django.db.models.deletion import Collector from django.db.models.options import Options from django.db import (connections, router, transaction, DatabaseError, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS) from django.db.models import signals from django.db.models.loading import register_models, get_model from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ import django.utils.copycompat as copy from django.utils.functional import curry, update_wrapper from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, force_unicode from django.utils.text import get_text_list, capfirst from django.conf import settings class ModelBase(type): """ Metaclass for all models. """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): super_new = super(ModelBase, cls).__new__ parents = [b for b in bases if isinstance(b, ModelBase)] if not parents: # If this isn't a subclass of Model, don't do anything special. return super_new(cls, name, bases, attrs) # Create the class. module = attrs.pop('__module__') new_class = super_new(cls, name, bases, {'__module__': module}) attr_meta = attrs.pop('Meta', None) abstract = getattr(attr_meta, 'abstract', False) if not attr_meta: meta = getattr(new_class, 'Meta', None) else: meta = attr_meta base_meta = getattr(new_class, '_meta', None) if getattr(meta, 'app_label', None) is None: # Figure out the app_label by looking one level up. # For 'django.contrib.sites.models', this would be 'sites'. model_module = sys.modules[new_class.__module__] kwargs = {"app_label": model_module.__name__.split('.')[-2]} else: kwargs = {} new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs)) if not abstract: new_class.add_to_class('DoesNotExist', subclass_exception('DoesNotExist', tuple(x.DoesNotExist for x in parents if hasattr(x, '_meta') and not x._meta.abstract) or (ObjectDoesNotExist,), module)) new_class.add_to_class('MultipleObjectsReturned', subclass_exception('MultipleObjectsReturned', tuple(x.MultipleObjectsReturned for x in parents if hasattr(x, '_meta') and not x._meta.abstract) or (MultipleObjectsReturned,), module)) if base_meta and not base_meta.abstract: # Non-abstract child classes inherit some attributes from their # non-abstract parent (unless an ABC comes before it in the # method resolution order). if not hasattr(meta, 'ordering'): new_class._meta.ordering = base_meta.ordering if not hasattr(meta, 'get_latest_by'): new_class._meta.get_latest_by = base_meta.get_latest_by is_proxy = new_class._meta.proxy if getattr(new_class, '_default_manager', None): if not is_proxy: # Multi-table inheritance doesn't inherit default manager from # parents. new_class._default_manager = None new_class._base_manager = None else: # Proxy classes do inherit parent's default manager, if none is # set explicitly. new_class._default_manager = new_class._default_manager._copy_to_model(new_class) new_class._base_manager = new_class._base_manager._copy_to_model(new_class) # Bail out early if we have already created this class. m = get_model(new_class._meta.app_label, name, False) if m is not None: return m # Add all attributes to the class. for obj_name, obj in attrs.items(): new_class.add_to_class(obj_name, obj) # All the fields of any type declared on this model new_fields = new_class._meta.local_fields + \ new_class._meta.local_many_to_many + \ new_class._meta.virtual_fields field_names = set([f.name for f in new_fields]) # Basic setup for proxy models. if is_proxy: base = None for parent in [cls for cls in parents if hasattr(cls, '_meta')]: if parent._meta.abstract: if parent._meta.fields: raise TypeError("Abstract base class containing model fields not permitted for proxy model '%s'." % name) else: continue if base is not None: raise TypeError("Proxy model '%s' has more than one non-abstract model base class." % name) else: base = parent if base is None: raise TypeError("Proxy model '%s' has no non-abstract model base class." % name) if (new_class._meta.local_fields or new_class._meta.local_many_to_many): raise FieldError("Proxy model '%s' contains model fields." % name) while base._meta.proxy: base = base._meta.proxy_for_model new_class._meta.setup_proxy(base) # Do the appropriate setup for any model parents. o2o_map = dict([(f.rel.to, f) for f in new_class._meta.local_fields if isinstance(f, OneToOneField)]) for base in parents: original_base = base if not hasattr(base, '_meta'): # Things without _meta aren't functional models, so they're # uninteresting parents. continue parent_fields = base._meta.local_fields + base._meta.local_many_to_many # Check for clashes between locally declared fields and those # on the base classes (we cannot handle shadowed fields at the # moment). for field in parent_fields: if field.name in field_names: raise FieldError('Local field %r in class %r clashes ' 'with field of similar name from ' 'base class %r' % (field.name, name, base.__name__)) if not base._meta.abstract: # Concrete classes... while base._meta.proxy: # Skip over a proxy class to the "real" base it proxies. base = base._meta.proxy_for_model if base in o2o_map: field = o2o_map[base] elif not is_proxy: attr_name = '%s_ptr' % base._meta.module_name field = OneToOneField(base, name=attr_name, auto_created=True, parent_link=True) new_class.add_to_class(attr_name, field) else: field = None new_class._meta.parents[base] = field else: # .. and abstract ones. for field in parent_fields: new_class.add_to_class(field.name, copy.deepcopy(field)) # Pass any non-abstract parent classes onto child. new_class._meta.parents.update(base._meta.parents) # Inherit managers from the abstract base classes. new_class.copy_managers(base._meta.abstract_managers) # Proxy models inherit the non-abstract managers from their base, # unless they have redefined any of them. if is_proxy: new_class.copy_managers(original_base._meta.concrete_managers) # Inherit virtual fields (like GenericForeignKey) from the parent # class for field in base._meta.virtual_fields: if base._meta.abstract and field.name in field_names: raise FieldError('Local field %r in class %r clashes '\ 'with field of similar name from '\ 'abstract base class %r' % \ (field.name, name, base.__name__)) new_class.add_to_class(field.name, copy.deepcopy(field)) if abstract: # Abstract base models can't be instantiated and don't appear in # the list of models for an app. We do the final setup for them a # little differently from normal models. attr_meta.abstract = False new_class.Meta = attr_meta return new_class new_class._prepare() register_models(new_class._meta.app_label, new_class) # Because of the way imports happen (recursively), we may or may not be # the first time this model tries to register with the framework. There # should only be one class for each model, so we always return the # registered version. return get_model(new_class._meta.app_label, name, False) def copy_managers(cls, base_managers): # This is in-place sorting of an Options attribute, but that's fine. base_managers.sort() for _, mgr_name, manager in base_managers: val = getattr(cls, mgr_name, None) if not val or val is manager: new_manager = manager._copy_to_model(cls) cls.add_to_class(mgr_name, new_manager) def add_to_class(cls, name, value): if hasattr(value, 'contribute_to_class'): value.contribute_to_class(cls, name) else: setattr(cls, name, value) def _prepare(cls): """ Creates some methods once self._meta has been populated. """ opts = cls._meta opts._prepare(cls) if opts.order_with_respect_to: cls.get_next_in_order = curry(cls._get_next_or_previous_in_order, is_next=True) cls.get_previous_in_order = curry(cls._get_next_or_previous_in_order, is_next=False) # defer creating accessors on the foreign class until we are # certain it has been created def make_foreign_order_accessors(field, model, cls): setattr( field.rel.to, 'get_%s_order' % cls.__name__.lower(), curry(method_get_order, cls) ) setattr( field.rel.to, 'set_%s_order' % cls.__name__.lower(), curry(method_set_order, cls) ) add_lazy_relation( cls, opts.order_with_respect_to, opts.order_with_respect_to.rel.to, make_foreign_order_accessors ) # Give the class a docstring -- its definition. if cls.__doc__ is None: cls.__doc__ = "%s(%s)" % (cls.__name__, ", ".join([f.attname for f in opts.fields])) if hasattr(cls, 'get_absolute_url'): cls.get_absolute_url = update_wrapper(curry(get_absolute_url, opts, cls.get_absolute_url), cls.get_absolute_url) signals.class_prepared.send(sender=cls) class ModelState(object): """ A class for storing instance state """ def __init__(self, db=None): self.db = db # If true, uniqueness validation checks will consider this a new, as-yet-unsaved object. # Necessary for correct validation of new instances of objects with explicit (non-auto) PKs. # This impacts validation only; it has no effect on the actual save. self.adding = True class Model(object): __metaclass__ = ModelBase _deferred = False def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self._entity_exists = kwargs.pop('__entity_exists', False) signals.pre_init.send(sender=self.__class__, args=args, kwargs=kwargs) # Set up the storage for instance state self._state = ModelState() # There is a rather weird disparity here; if kwargs, it's set, then args # overrides it. It should be one or the other; don't duplicate the work # The reason for the kwargs check is that standard iterator passes in by # args, and instantiation for iteration is 33% faster. args_len = len(args) if args_len > len(self._meta.fields): # Daft, but matches old exception sans the err msg. raise IndexError("Number of args exceeds number of fields") fields_iter = iter(self._meta.fields) if not kwargs: # The ordering of the izip calls matter - izip throws StopIteration # when an iter throws it. So if the first iter throws it, the second # is *not* consumed. We rely on this, so don't change the order # without changing the logic. for val, field in izip(args, fields_iter): setattr(self, field.attname, val) else: # Slower, kwargs-ready version. for val, field in izip(args, fields_iter): setattr(self, field.attname, val) kwargs.pop(field.name, None) # Maintain compatibility with existing calls. if isinstance(field.rel, ManyToOneRel): kwargs.pop(field.attname, None) # Now we're left with the unprocessed fields that *must* come from # keywords, or default. for field in fields_iter: is_related_object = False # This slightly odd construct is so that we can access any # data-descriptor object (DeferredAttribute) without triggering its # __get__ method. if (field.attname not in kwargs and isinstance(self.__class__.__dict__.get(field.attname), DeferredAttribute)): # This field will be populated on request. continue if kwargs: if isinstance(field.rel, ManyToOneRel): try: # Assume object instance was passed in. rel_obj = kwargs.pop(field.name) is_related_object = True except KeyError: try: # Object instance wasn't passed in -- must be an ID. val = kwargs.pop(field.attname) except KeyError: val = field.get_default() else: # Object instance was passed in. Special case: You can # pass in "None" for related objects if it's allowed. if rel_obj is None and field.null: val = None else: try: val = kwargs.pop(field.attname) except KeyError: # This is done with an exception rather than the # default argument on pop because we don't want # get_default() to be evaluated, and then not used. # Refs #12057. val = field.get_default() else: val = field.get_default() if is_related_object: # If we are passed a related instance, set it using the # field.name instead of field.attname (e.g. "user" instead of # "user_id") so that the object gets properly cached (and type # checked) by the RelatedObjectDescriptor. setattr(self, field.name, rel_obj) else: setattr(self, field.attname, val) if kwargs: for prop in kwargs.keys(): try: if isinstance(getattr(self.__class__, prop), property): setattr(self, prop, kwargs.pop(prop)) except AttributeError: pass if kwargs: raise TypeError("'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % kwargs.keys()[0]) self._original_pk = self.pk if self._meta.pk is not None else None super(Model, self).__init__() signals.post_init.send(sender=self.__class__, instance=self) def __repr__(self): try: u = unicode(self) except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError): u = '[Bad Unicode data]' return smart_str(u'<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, u)) def __str__(self): if hasattr(self, '__unicode__'): return force_unicode(self).encode('utf-8') return '%s object' % self.__class__.__name__ def __eq__(self, other): return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self._get_pk_val() == other._get_pk_val() def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def __hash__(self): return hash(self._get_pk_val()) def __reduce__(self): """ Provide pickling support. Normally, this just dispatches to Python's standard handling. However, for models with deferred field loading, we need to do things manually, as they're dynamically created classes and only module-level classes can be pickled by the default path. """ data = self.__dict__ model = self.__class__ # The obvious thing to do here is to invoke super().__reduce__() # for the non-deferred case. Don't do that. # On Python 2.4, there is something weird with __reduce__, # and as a result, the super call will cause an infinite recursion. # See #10547 and #12121. defers = [] pk_val = None if self._deferred: from django.db.models.query_utils import deferred_class_factory factory = deferred_class_factory for field in self._meta.fields: if isinstance(self.__class__.__dict__.get(field.attname), DeferredAttribute): defers.append(field.attname) if pk_val is None: # The pk_val and model values are the same for all # DeferredAttribute classes, so we only need to do this # once. obj = self.__class__.__dict__[field.attname] model = obj.model_ref() else: factory = simple_class_factory return (model_unpickle, (model, defers, factory), data) def _get_pk_val(self, meta=None): if not meta: meta = self._meta return getattr(self, meta.pk.attname) def _set_pk_val(self, value): return setattr(self, self._meta.pk.attname, value) pk = property(_get_pk_val, _set_pk_val) def serializable_value(self, field_name): """ Returns the value of the field name for this instance. If the field is a foreign key, returns the id value, instead of the object. If there's no Field object with this name on the model, the model attribute's value is returned directly. Used to serialize a field's value (in the serializer, or form output, for example). Normally, you would just access the attribute directly and not use this method. """ try: field = self._meta.get_field_by_name(field_name)[0] except FieldDoesNotExist: return getattr(self, field_name) return getattr(self, field.attname) def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None): """ Saves the current instance. Override this in a subclass if you want to control the saving process. The 'force_insert' and 'force_update' parameters can be used to insist that the "save" must be an SQL insert or update (or equivalent for non-SQL backends), respectively. Normally, they should not be set. """ if force_insert and force_update: raise ValueError("Cannot force both insert and updating in model saving.") self.save_base(using=using, force_insert=force_insert, force_update=force_update) save.alters_data = True def save_base(self, raw=False, cls=None, origin=None, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None): """ Does the heavy-lifting involved in saving. Subclasses shouldn't need to override this method. It's separate from save() in order to hide the need for overrides of save() to pass around internal-only parameters ('raw', 'cls', and 'origin'). """ using = using or router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self) entity_exists = bool(self._entity_exists and self._original_pk == self.pk) connection = connections[using] assert not (force_insert and force_update) if cls is None: cls = self.__class__ meta = cls._meta if not meta.proxy: origin = cls else: meta = cls._meta if origin and not meta.auto_created: signals.pre_save.send(sender=origin, instance=self, raw=raw, using=using) # If we are in a raw save, save the object exactly as presented. # That means that we don't try to be smart about saving attributes # that might have come from the parent class - we just save the # attributes we have been given to the class we have been given. # We also go through this process to defer the save of proxy objects # to their actual underlying model. if not raw or meta.proxy: if meta.proxy: org = cls else: org = None for parent, field in meta.parents.items(): # At this point, parent's primary key field may be unknown # (for example, from administration form which doesn't fill # this field). If so, fill it. if field and getattr(self, parent._meta.pk.attname) is None and getattr(self, field.attname) is not None: setattr(self, parent._meta.pk.attname, getattr(self, field.attname)) self.save_base(cls=parent, origin=org, using=using) if field: setattr(self, field.attname, self._get_pk_val(parent._meta)) if meta.proxy: return if not meta.proxy: non_pks = [f for f in meta.local_fields if not f.primary_key] # First, try an UPDATE. If that doesn't update anything, do an INSERT. pk_val = self._get_pk_val(meta) pk_set = pk_val is not None record_exists = True manager = cls._base_manager # TODO/NONREL: Some backends could emulate force_insert/_update # with an optimistic transaction, but since it's costly we should # only do it when the user explicitly wants it. # By adding support for an optimistic locking transaction # in Django (SQL: SELECT ... FOR UPDATE) we could even make that # part fully reusable on all backends (the current .exists() # check below isn't really safe if you have lots of concurrent # requests. BTW, and neither is QuerySet.get_or_create). try_update = connection.features.distinguishes_insert_from_update if not try_update: record_exists = False if try_update and pk_set: # Determine whether a record with the primary key already exists. if (force_update or (not force_insert and manager.using(using).filter(pk=pk_val).exists())): # It does already exist, so do an UPDATE. if force_update or non_pks: values = [(f, None, (raw and getattr(self, f.attname) or f.pre_save(self, False))) for f in non_pks] rows = manager.using(using).filter(pk=pk_val)._update(values) if force_update and not rows: raise DatabaseError("Forced update did not affect any rows.") else: record_exists = False if not pk_set or not record_exists: if meta.order_with_respect_to: # If this is a model with an order_with_respect_to # autopopulate the _order field field = meta.order_with_respect_to order_value = manager.using(using).filter(**{field.name: getattr(self, field.attname)}).count() self._order = order_value if connection.features.distinguishes_insert_from_update: add = True else: add = not entity_exists if not pk_set: if force_update: raise ValueError("Cannot force an update in save() with no primary key.") values = [(f, f.get_db_prep_save(raw and getattr(self, f.attname) or f.pre_save(self, add), connection=connection)) for f in meta.local_fields if not isinstance(f, AutoField)] else: values = [(f, f.get_db_prep_save(raw and getattr(self, f.attname) or f.pre_save(self, add), connection=connection)) for f in meta.local_fields] record_exists = False update_pk = bool(meta.has_auto_field and not pk_set) if values: # Create a new record. result = manager._insert(values, return_id=update_pk, using=using) else: # Create a new record with defaults for everything. result = manager._insert([(meta.pk, connection.ops.pk_default_value())], return_id=update_pk, raw_values=True, using=using) if update_pk: setattr(self, meta.pk.attname, result) transaction.commit_unless_managed(using=using) # Store the database on which the object was saved self._state.db = using # Once saved, this is no longer a to-be-added instance. self._state.adding = False self._entity_exists = True self._original_pk = self.pk # Signal that the save is complete if origin and not meta.auto_created: if connection.features.distinguishes_insert_from_update: created = not record_exists else: created = not entity_exists signals.post_save.send(sender=origin, instance=self, created=created, raw=raw, using=using) save_base.alters_data = True def delete(self, using=None): using = using or router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self) assert self._get_pk_val() is not None, "%s object can't be deleted because its %s attribute is set to None." % (self._meta.object_name, self._meta.pk.attname) collector = Collector(using=using) collector.collect([self]) collector.delete() self._entity_exists = False self._original_pk = None delete.alters_data = True def _get_FIELD_display(self, field): value = getattr(self, field.attname) return force_unicode(dict(field.flatchoices).get(value, value), strings_only=True) def _get_next_or_previous_by_FIELD(self, field, is_next, **kwargs): if not self.pk: raise ValueError("get_next/get_previous cannot be used on unsaved objects.") op = is_next and 'gt' or 'lt' order = not is_next and '-' or '' param = smart_str(getattr(self, field.attname)) q = Q(**{'%s__%s' % (field.name, op): param}) q = q|Q(**{field.name: param, 'pk__%s' % op: self.pk}) qs = self.__class__._default_manager.using(self._state.db).filter(**kwargs).filter(q).order_by('%s%s' % (order, field.name), '%spk' % order) try: return qs[0] except IndexError: raise self.DoesNotExist("%s matching query does not exist." % self.__class__._meta.object_name) def _get_next_or_previous_in_order(self, is_next): cachename = "__%s_order_cache" % is_next if not hasattr(self, cachename): op = is_next and 'gt' or 'lt' order = not is_next and '-_order' or '_order' order_field = self._meta.order_with_respect_to obj = self._default_manager.filter(**{ order_field.name: getattr(self, order_field.attname) }).filter(**{ '_order__%s' % op: self._default_manager.values('_order').filter(**{ self._meta.pk.name: self.pk }) }).order_by(order)[:1].get() setattr(self, cachename, obj) return getattr(self, cachename) def prepare_database_save(self, unused): return self.pk def clean(self): """ Hook for doing any extra model-wide validation after clean() has been called on every field by self.clean_fields. Any ValidationError raised by this method will not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case association with the field defined by NON_FIELD_ERRORS. """ pass def validate_unique(self, exclude=None): """ Checks unique constraints on the model and raises ``ValidationError`` if any failed. """ unique_checks, date_checks = self._get_unique_checks(exclude=exclude) errors = self._perform_unique_checks(unique_checks) date_errors = self._perform_date_checks(date_checks) for k, v in date_errors.items(): errors.setdefault(k, []).extend(v) if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) def _get_unique_checks(self, exclude=None): """ Gather a list of checks to perform. Since validate_unique could be called from a ModelForm, some fields may have been excluded; we can't perform a unique check on a model that is missing fields involved in that check. Fields that did not validate should also be excluded, but they need to be passed in via the exclude argument. """ if exclude is None: exclude = [] unique_checks = [] unique_togethers = [(self.__class__, self._meta.unique_together)] for parent_class in self._meta.parents.keys(): if parent_class._meta.unique_together: unique_togethers.append((parent_class, parent_class._meta.unique_together)) for model_class, unique_together in unique_togethers: for check in unique_together: for name in check: # If this is an excluded field, don't add this check. if name in exclude: break else: unique_checks.append((model_class, tuple(check))) # These are checks for the unique_for_<date/year/month>. date_checks = [] # Gather a list of checks for fields declared as unique and add them to # the list of checks. fields_with_class = [(self.__class__, self._meta.local_fields)] for parent_class in self._meta.parents.keys(): fields_with_class.append((parent_class, parent_class._meta.local_fields)) for model_class, fields in fields_with_class: for f in fields: name = f.name if name in exclude: continue if f.unique: unique_checks.append((model_class, (name,))) if f.unique_for_date and f.unique_for_date not in exclude: date_checks.append((model_class, 'date', name, f.unique_for_date)) if f.unique_for_year and f.unique_for_year not in exclude: date_checks.append((model_class, 'year', name, f.unique_for_year)) if f.unique_for_month and f.unique_for_month not in exclude: date_checks.append((model_class, 'month', name, f.unique_for_month)) return unique_checks, date_checks def _perform_unique_checks(self, unique_checks): errors = {} for model_class, unique_check in unique_checks: # Try to look up an existing object with the same values as this # object's values for all the unique field. lookup_kwargs = {} for field_name in unique_check: f = self._meta.get_field(field_name) lookup_value = getattr(self, f.attname) if lookup_value is None: # no value, skip the lookup continue if f.primary_key and not self._state.adding: # no need to check for unique primary key when editing continue lookup_kwargs[str(field_name)] = lookup_value # some fields were skipped, no reason to do the check if len(unique_check) != len(lookup_kwargs.keys()): continue qs = model_class._default_manager.filter(**lookup_kwargs) # Exclude the current object from the query if we are editing an # instance (as opposed to creating a new one) if not self._state.adding and self.pk is not None: qs = qs.exclude(pk=self.pk) if qs.exists(): if len(unique_check) == 1: key = unique_check[0] else: key = NON_FIELD_ERRORS errors.setdefault(key, []).append(self.unique_error_message(model_class, unique_check)) return errors def _perform_date_checks(self, date_checks): errors = {} for model_class, lookup_type, field, unique_for in date_checks: lookup_kwargs = {} # there's a ticket to add a date lookup, we can remove this special # case if that makes it's way in date = getattr(self, unique_for) if date is None: continue if lookup_type == 'date': lookup_kwargs['%s__day' % unique_for] = date.day lookup_kwargs['%s__month' % unique_for] = date.month lookup_kwargs['%s__year' % unique_for] = date.year else: lookup_kwargs['%s__%s' % (unique_for, lookup_type)] = getattr(date, lookup_type) lookup_kwargs[field] = getattr(self, field) qs = model_class._default_manager.filter(**lookup_kwargs) # Exclude the current object from the query if we are editing an # instance (as opposed to creating a new one) if not self._state.adding and self.pk is not None: qs = qs.exclude(pk=self.pk) if qs.exists(): errors.setdefault(field, []).append( self.date_error_message(lookup_type, field, unique_for) ) return errors def date_error_message(self, lookup_type, field, unique_for): opts = self._meta return _(u"%(field_name)s must be unique for %(date_field)s %(lookup)s.") % { 'field_name': unicode(capfirst(opts.get_field(field).verbose_name)), 'date_field': unicode(capfirst(opts.get_field(unique_for).verbose_name)), 'lookup': lookup_type, } def unique_error_message(self, model_class, unique_check): opts = model_class._meta model_name = capfirst(opts.verbose_name) # A unique field if len(unique_check) == 1: field_name = unique_check[0] field_label = capfirst(opts.get_field(field_name).verbose_name) # Insert the error into the error dict, very sneaky return _(u"%(model_name)s with this %(field_label)s already exists.") % { 'model_name': unicode(model_name), 'field_label': unicode(field_label) } # unique_together else: field_labels = map(lambda f: capfirst(opts.get_field(f).verbose_name), unique_check) field_labels = get_text_list(field_labels, _('and')) return _(u"%(model_name)s with this %(field_label)s already exists.") % { 'model_name': unicode(model_name), 'field_label': unicode(field_labels) } def full_clean(self, exclude=None): """ Calls clean_fields, clean, and validate_unique, on the model, and raises a ``ValidationError`` for any errors that occured. """ errors = {} if exclude is None: exclude = [] try: self.clean_fields(exclude=exclude) except ValidationError, e: errors = e.update_error_dict(errors) # Form.clean() is run even if other validation fails, so do the # same with Model.clean() for consistency. try: self.clean() except ValidationError, e: errors = e.update_error_dict(errors) # Run unique checks, but only for fields that passed validation. for name in errors.keys(): if name != NON_FIELD_ERRORS and name not in exclude: exclude.append(name) try: self.validate_unique(exclude=exclude) except ValidationError, e: errors = e.update_error_dict(errors) if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) def clean_fields(self, exclude=None): """ Cleans all fields and raises a ValidationError containing message_dict of all validation errors if any occur. """ if exclude is None: exclude = [] errors = {} for f in self._meta.fields: if f.name in exclude: continue # Skip validation for empty fields with blank=True. The developer # is responsible for making sure they have a valid value. raw_value = getattr(self, f.attname) if f.blank and raw_value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES: continue try: setattr(self, f.attname, f.clean(raw_value, self)) except ValidationError, e: errors[f.name] = e.messages if errors: raise ValidationError(errors) ############################################ # HELPER FUNCTIONS (CURRIED MODEL METHODS) # ############################################ # ORDERING METHODS ######################### def method_set_order(ordered_obj, self, id_list, using=None): if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS rel_val = getattr(self, ordered_obj._meta.order_with_respect_to.rel.field_name) order_name = ordered_obj._meta.order_with_respect_to.name # FIXME: It would be nice if there was an "update many" version of update # for situations like this. for i, j in enumerate(id_list): ordered_obj.objects.filter(**{'pk': j, order_name: rel_val}).update(_order=i) transaction.commit_unless_managed(using=using) def method_get_order(ordered_obj, self): rel_val = getattr(self, ordered_obj._meta.order_with_respect_to.rel.field_name) order_name = ordered_obj._meta.order_with_respect_to.name pk_name = ordered_obj._meta.pk.name return [r[pk_name] for r in ordered_obj.objects.filter(**{order_name: rel_val}).values(pk_name)] ############################################## # HELPER FUNCTIONS (CURRIED MODEL FUNCTIONS) # ############################################## def get_absolute_url(opts, func, self, *args, **kwargs): return settings.ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES.get('%s.%s' % (opts.app_label, opts.module_name), func)(self, *args, **kwargs) ######## # MISC # ######## class Empty(object): pass def simple_class_factory(model, attrs): """Used to unpickle Models without deferred fields. We need to do this the hard way, rather than just using the default __reduce__ implementation, because of a __deepcopy__ problem in Python 2.4 """ return model def model_unpickle(model, attrs, factory): """ Used to unpickle Model subclasses with deferred fields. """ cls = factory(model, attrs) return cls.__new__(cls) model_unpickle.__safe_for_unpickle__ = True if sys.version_info < (2, 5): # Prior to Python 2.5, Exception was an old-style class def subclass_exception(name, parents, unused): return types.ClassType(name, parents, {}) else: def subclass_exception(name, parents, module): return type(name, parents, {'__module__': module})
Python
from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode from django.db.models.fields import BLANK_CHOICE_DASH class BoundRelatedObject(object): def __init__(self, related_object, field_mapping, original): self.relation = related_object self.field_mappings = field_mapping[related_object.name] def template_name(self): raise NotImplementedError def __repr__(self): return repr(self.__dict__) class RelatedObject(object): def __init__(self, parent_model, model, field): self.parent_model = parent_model self.model = model self.opts = model._meta self.field = field self.name = '%s:%s' % (self.opts.app_label, self.opts.module_name) self.var_name = self.opts.object_name.lower() def get_choices(self, include_blank=True, blank_choice=BLANK_CHOICE_DASH, limit_to_currently_related=False): """Returns choices with a default blank choices included, for use as SelectField choices for this field. Analogue of django.db.models.fields.Field.get_choices, provided initially for utilisation by RelatedFilterSpec. """ first_choice = include_blank and blank_choice or [] queryset = self.model._default_manager.all() if limit_to_currently_related: queryset = queryset.complex_filter( {'%s__isnull' % self.parent_model._meta.module_name: False}) lst = [(x._get_pk_val(), smart_unicode(x)) for x in queryset] return first_choice + lst def get_db_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value, connection, prepared=False): # Defer to the actual field definition for db prep return self.field.get_db_prep_lookup(lookup_type, value, connection=connection, prepared=prepared) def editable_fields(self): "Get the fields in this class that should be edited inline." return [f for f in self.opts.fields + self.opts.many_to_many if f.editable and f != self.field] def __repr__(self): return "<RelatedObject: %s related to %s>" % (self.name, self.field.name) def bind(self, field_mapping, original, bound_related_object_class=BoundRelatedObject): return bound_related_object_class(self, field_mapping, original) def get_accessor_name(self): # This method encapsulates the logic that decides what name to give an # accessor descriptor that retrieves related many-to-one or # many-to-many objects. It uses the lower-cased object_name + "_set", # but this can be overridden with the "related_name" option. if self.field.rel.multiple: # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation on self, there is no reverse accessor. if getattr(self.field.rel, 'symmetrical', False) and self.model == self.parent_model: return None return self.field.rel.related_name or (self.opts.object_name.lower() + '_set') else: return self.field.rel.related_name or (self.opts.object_name.lower()) def get_cache_name(self): return "_%s_cache" % self.get_accessor_name()
Python
from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist, ImproperlyConfigured from django.db import connection from django.db.models.loading import get_apps, get_app, get_models, get_model, register_models from django.db.models.query import Q from django.db.models.expressions import F from django.db.models.manager import Manager from django.db.models.base import Model from django.db.models.aggregates import * from django.db.models.fields import * from django.db.models.fields.subclassing import SubfieldBase from django.db.models.fields.files import FileField, ImageField from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignKey, OneToOneField, ManyToManyField, ManyToOneRel, ManyToManyRel, OneToOneRel from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE, PROTECT, SET, SET_NULL, SET_DEFAULT, DO_NOTHING, ProtectedError from django.db.models import signals from django.utils.decorators import wraps # Admin stages. ADD, CHANGE, BOTH = 1, 2, 3 def permalink(func): """ Decorator that calls urlresolvers.reverse() to return a URL using parameters returned by the decorated function "func". "func" should be a function that returns a tuple in one of the following formats: (viewname, viewargs) (viewname, viewargs, viewkwargs) """ from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse @wraps(func) def inner(*args, **kwargs): bits = func(*args, **kwargs) return reverse(bits[0], None, *bits[1:3]) return inner
Python
from django.utils import copycompat as copy from django.conf import settings from django.db import router from django.db.models.query import QuerySet, EmptyQuerySet, insert_query, RawQuerySet from django.db.models import signals from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist def ensure_default_manager(sender, **kwargs): """ Ensures that a Model subclass contains a default manager and sets the _default_manager attribute on the class. Also sets up the _base_manager points to a plain Manager instance (which could be the same as _default_manager if it's not a subclass of Manager). """ cls = sender if cls._meta.abstract: return if not getattr(cls, '_default_manager', None): # Create the default manager, if needed. try: cls._meta.get_field('objects') raise ValueError("Model %s must specify a custom Manager, because it has a field named 'objects'" % cls.__name__) except FieldDoesNotExist: pass cls.add_to_class('objects', Manager()) cls._base_manager = cls.objects elif not getattr(cls, '_base_manager', None): default_mgr = cls._default_manager.__class__ if (default_mgr is Manager or getattr(default_mgr, "use_for_related_fields", False)): cls._base_manager = cls._default_manager else: # Default manager isn't a plain Manager class, or a suitable # replacement, so we walk up the base class hierarchy until we hit # something appropriate. for base_class in default_mgr.mro()[1:]: if (base_class is Manager or getattr(base_class, "use_for_related_fields", False)): cls.add_to_class('_base_manager', base_class()) return raise AssertionError("Should never get here. Please report a bug, including your model and model manager setup.") signals.class_prepared.connect(ensure_default_manager) class Manager(object): # Tracks each time a Manager instance is created. Used to retain order. creation_counter = 0 def __init__(self): super(Manager, self).__init__() self._set_creation_counter() self.model = None self._inherited = False self._db = None def contribute_to_class(self, model, name): # TODO: Use weakref because of possible memory leak / circular reference. self.model = model setattr(model, name, ManagerDescriptor(self)) if not getattr(model, '_default_manager', None) or self.creation_counter < model._default_manager.creation_counter: model._default_manager = self if model._meta.abstract or (self._inherited and not self.model._meta.proxy): model._meta.abstract_managers.append((self.creation_counter, name, self)) else: model._meta.concrete_managers.append((self.creation_counter, name, self)) def _set_creation_counter(self): """ Sets the creation counter value for this instance and increments the class-level copy. """ self.creation_counter = Manager.creation_counter Manager.creation_counter += 1 def _copy_to_model(self, model): """ Makes a copy of the manager and assigns it to 'model', which should be a child of the existing model (used when inheriting a manager from an abstract base class). """ assert issubclass(model, self.model) mgr = copy.copy(self) mgr._set_creation_counter() mgr.model = model mgr._inherited = True return mgr def db_manager(self, using): obj = copy.copy(self) obj._db = using return obj @property def db(self): return self._db or router.db_for_read(self.model) ####################### # PROXIES TO QUERYSET # ####################### def get_empty_query_set(self): return EmptyQuerySet(self.model, using=self._db) def get_query_set(self): """Returns a new QuerySet object. Subclasses can override this method to easily customize the behavior of the Manager. """ return QuerySet(self.model, using=self._db) def none(self): return self.get_empty_query_set() def all(self): return self.get_query_set() def count(self): return self.get_query_set().count() def dates(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().dates(*args, **kwargs) def distinct(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().distinct(*args, **kwargs) def extra(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().extra(*args, **kwargs) def get(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().get(*args, **kwargs) def get_or_create(self, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().get_or_create(**kwargs) def create(self, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().create(**kwargs) def filter(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().filter(*args, **kwargs) def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().aggregate(*args, **kwargs) def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().annotate(*args, **kwargs) def complex_filter(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().complex_filter(*args, **kwargs) def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().exclude(*args, **kwargs) def in_bulk(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().in_bulk(*args, **kwargs) def iterator(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().iterator(*args, **kwargs) def latest(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().latest(*args, **kwargs) def order_by(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().order_by(*args, **kwargs) def select_related(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().select_related(*args, **kwargs) def values(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().values(*args, **kwargs) def values_list(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().values_list(*args, **kwargs) def update(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().update(*args, **kwargs) def reverse(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().reverse(*args, **kwargs) def defer(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().defer(*args, **kwargs) def only(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().only(*args, **kwargs) def using(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().using(*args, **kwargs) def exists(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set().exists(*args, **kwargs) def _insert(self, values, **kwargs): return insert_query(self.model, values, **kwargs) def _update(self, values, **kwargs): return self.get_query_set()._update(values, **kwargs) def raw(self, raw_query, params=None, *args, **kwargs): return RawQuerySet(raw_query=raw_query, model=self.model, params=params, using=self._db, *args, **kwargs) class ManagerDescriptor(object): # This class ensures managers aren't accessible via model instances. # For example, Poll.objects works, but poll_obj.objects raises AttributeError. def __init__(self, manager): self.manager = manager def __get__(self, instance, type=None): if instance != None: raise AttributeError("Manager isn't accessible via %s instances" % type.__name__) return self.manager class EmptyManager(Manager): def get_query_set(self): return self.get_empty_query_set()
Python
""" Various data structures used in query construction. Factored out from django.db.models.query to avoid making the main module very large and/or so that they can be used by other modules without getting into circular import difficulties. """ import weakref from django.utils.copycompat import deepcopy from django.db.backends import util from django.utils import tree from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict class InvalidQuery(Exception): """ The query passed to raw isn't a safe query to use with raw. """ pass class QueryWrapper(object): """ A type that indicates the contents are an SQL fragment and the associate parameters. Can be used to pass opaque data to a where-clause, for example. """ def __init__(self, sql, params): self.data = sql, params def as_sql(self, qn=None, connection=None): return self.data class Q(tree.Node): """ Encapsulates filters as objects that can then be combined logically (using & and |). """ # Connection types AND = 'AND' OR = 'OR' default = AND def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(Q, self).__init__(children=list(args) + kwargs.items()) def _combine(self, other, conn): if not isinstance(other, Q): raise TypeError(other) obj = type(self)() obj.add(self, conn) obj.add(other, conn) return obj def __or__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.OR) def __and__(self, other): return self._combine(other, self.AND) def __invert__(self): obj = type(self)() obj.add(self, self.AND) obj.negate() return obj class DeferredAttribute(object): """ A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed. """ def __init__(self, field_name, model): self.field_name = field_name self.model_ref = weakref.ref(model) self.loaded = False def __get__(self, instance, owner): """ Retrieves and caches the value from the datastore on the first lookup. Returns the cached value. """ from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist assert instance is not None cls = self.model_ref() data = instance.__dict__ if data.get(self.field_name, self) is self: # self.field_name is the attname of the field, but only() takes the # actual name, so we need to translate it here. try: cls._meta.get_field_by_name(self.field_name) name = self.field_name except FieldDoesNotExist: name = [f.name for f in cls._meta.fields if f.attname == self.field_name][0] # We use only() instead of values() here because we want the # various data coersion methods (to_python(), etc.) to be called # here. val = getattr( cls._base_manager.filter(pk=instance.pk).only(name).using( instance._state.db).get(), self.field_name ) data[self.field_name] = val return data[self.field_name] def __set__(self, instance, value): """ Deferred loading attributes can be set normally (which means there will never be a database lookup involved. """ instance.__dict__[self.field_name] = value def select_related_descend(field, restricted, requested, reverse=False): """ Returns True if this field should be used to descend deeper for select_related() purposes. Used by both the query construction code (sql.query.fill_related_selections()) and the model instance creation code (query.get_cached_row()). Arguments: * field - the field to be checked * restricted - a boolean field, indicating if the field list has been manually restricted using a requested clause) * requested - The select_related() dictionary. * reverse - boolean, True if we are checking a reverse select related """ if not field.rel: return False if field.rel.parent_link and not reverse: return False if restricted: if reverse and field.related_query_name() not in requested: return False if not reverse and field.name not in requested: return False if not restricted and field.null: return False return True # This function is needed because data descriptors must be defined on a class # object, not an instance, to have any effect. def deferred_class_factory(model, attrs): """ Returns a class object that is a copy of "model" with the specified "attrs" being replaced with DeferredAttribute objects. The "pk_value" ties the deferred attributes to a particular instance of the model. """ class Meta: proxy = True app_label = model._meta.app_label # The app_cache wants a unique name for each model, otherwise the new class # won't be created (we get an old one back). Therefore, we generate the # name using the passed in attrs. It's OK to reuse an existing class # object if the attrs are identical. name = "%s_Deferred_%s" % (model.__name__, '_'.join(sorted(list(attrs)))) name = util.truncate_name(name, 80, 32) overrides = dict([(attr, DeferredAttribute(attr, model)) for attr in attrs]) overrides["Meta"] = Meta overrides["__module__"] = model.__module__ overrides["_deferred"] = True return type(name, (model,), overrides) # The above function is also used to unpickle model instances with deferred # fields. deferred_class_factory.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True
Python
import inspect import os from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.utils.importlib import import_module DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS = 'default' # Define some exceptions that mirror the PEP249 interface. # We will rethrow any backend-specific errors using these # common wrappers class DatabaseError(Exception): pass class IntegrityError(DatabaseError): pass def load_backend(backend_name): try: module = import_module('.base', 'django.db.backends.%s' % backend_name) import warnings warnings.warn( "Short names for DATABASE_ENGINE are deprecated; prepend with 'django.db.backends.'", DeprecationWarning ) return module except ImportError, e: # Look for a fully qualified database backend name try: return import_module('.base', backend_name) except ImportError, e_user: # The database backend wasn't found. Display a helpful error message # listing all possible (built-in) database backends. backend_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'backends') try: available_backends = [f for f in os.listdir(backend_dir) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(backend_dir, f)) and not f.startswith('.')] except EnvironmentError: available_backends = [] if backend_name.startswith('django.db.backends.'): backend_name = backend_name[19:] # See #15621. if backend_name not in available_backends: error_msg = ("%r isn't an available database backend. \n" + "Try using django.db.backends.XXX, where XXX is one of:\n %s\n" + "Error was: %s") % \ (backend_name, ", ".join(map(repr, sorted(available_backends))), e_user) raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg) else: raise # If there's some other error, this must be an error in Django itself. class ConnectionDoesNotExist(Exception): pass class ConnectionHandler(object): def __init__(self, databases): self.databases = databases self._connections = {} def ensure_defaults(self, alias): """ Puts the defaults into the settings dictionary for a given connection where no settings is provided. """ try: conn = self.databases[alias] except KeyError: raise ConnectionDoesNotExist("The connection %s doesn't exist" % alias) conn.setdefault('ENGINE', 'django.db.backends.dummy') if conn['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.' or not conn['ENGINE']: conn['ENGINE'] = 'django.db.backends.dummy' conn.setdefault('OPTIONS', {}) conn.setdefault('TEST_CHARSET', None) conn.setdefault('TEST_COLLATION', None) conn.setdefault('TEST_NAME', None) conn.setdefault('TEST_MIRROR', None) conn.setdefault('TIME_ZONE', settings.TIME_ZONE) for setting in ('NAME', 'USER', 'PASSWORD', 'HOST', 'PORT'): conn.setdefault(setting, '') def __getitem__(self, alias): if alias in self._connections: return self._connections[alias] self.ensure_defaults(alias) db = self.databases[alias] backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE']) conn = backend.DatabaseWrapper(db, alias) self._connections[alias] = conn return conn def __iter__(self): return iter(self.databases) def all(self): return [self[alias] for alias in self] class ConnectionRouter(object): def __init__(self, routers): self.routers = [] for r in routers: if isinstance(r, basestring): try: module_name, klass_name = r.rsplit('.', 1) module = import_module(module_name) except ImportError, e: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Error importing database router %s: "%s"' % (klass_name, e)) try: router_class = getattr(module, klass_name) except AttributeError: raise ImproperlyConfigured('Module "%s" does not define a database router name "%s"' % (module, klass_name)) else: router = router_class() else: router = r self.routers.append(router) def _router_func(action): def _route_db(self, model, **hints): chosen_db = None for router in self.routers: try: method = getattr(router, action) except AttributeError: # If the router doesn't have a method, skip to the next one. pass else: chosen_db = method(model, **hints) if chosen_db: return chosen_db try: return hints['instance']._state.db or DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS except KeyError: return DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS return _route_db db_for_read = _router_func('db_for_read') db_for_write = _router_func('db_for_write') def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints): for router in self.routers: try: method = router.allow_relation except AttributeError: # If the router doesn't have a method, skip to the next one. pass else: allow = method(obj1, obj2, **hints) if allow is not None: return allow return obj1._state.db == obj2._state.db def allow_syncdb(self, db, model): for router in self.routers: try: method = router.allow_syncdb except AttributeError: # If the router doesn't have a method, skip to the next one. pass else: allow = method(db, model) if allow is not None: return allow return True
Python
""" This module implements a transaction manager that can be used to define transaction handling in a request or view function. It is used by transaction control middleware and decorators. The transaction manager can be in managed or in auto state. Auto state means the system is using a commit-on-save strategy (actually it's more like commit-on-change). As soon as the .save() or .delete() (or related) methods are called, a commit is made. Managed transactions don't do those commits, but will need some kind of manual or implicit commits or rollbacks. """ import sys try: from functools import wraps except ImportError: from django.utils.functional import wraps # Python 2.4 fallback. from django.conf import settings from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS class TransactionManagementError(Exception): """ This exception is thrown when something bad happens with transaction management. """ pass def enter_transaction_management(managed=True, using=None): """ Enters transaction management for a running thread. It must be balanced with the appropriate leave_transaction_management call, since the actual state is managed as a stack. The state and dirty flag are carried over from the surrounding block or from the settings, if there is no surrounding block (dirty is always false when no current block is running). """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.enter_transaction_management(managed) def leave_transaction_management(using=None): """ Leaves transaction management for a running thread. A dirty flag is carried over to the surrounding block, as a commit will commit all changes, even those from outside. (Commits are on connection level.) """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.leave_transaction_management() def is_dirty(using=None): """ Returns True if the current transaction requires a commit for changes to happen. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] return connection.is_dirty() def set_dirty(using=None): """ Sets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether there are open changes waiting for commit. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.set_dirty() def set_clean(using=None): """ Resets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether a commit or rollback should happen. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.set_clean() def clean_savepoints(using=None): if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.clean_savepoints() def is_managed(using=None): """ Checks whether the transaction manager is in manual or in auto state. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] return connection.is_managed() def managed(flag=True, using=None): """ Puts the transaction manager into a manual state: managed transactions have to be committed explicitly by the user. If you switch off transaction management and there is a pending commit/rollback, the data will be commited. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.managed(flag) def commit_unless_managed(using=None): """ Commits changes if the system is not in managed transaction mode. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.commit_unless_managed() def rollback_unless_managed(using=None): """ Rolls back changes if the system is not in managed transaction mode. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.rollback_unless_managed() def commit(using=None): """ Does the commit itself and resets the dirty flag. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.commit() def rollback(using=None): """ This function does the rollback itself and resets the dirty flag. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.rollback() def savepoint(using=None): """ Creates a savepoint (if supported and required by the backend) inside the current transaction. Returns an identifier for the savepoint that will be used for the subsequent rollback or commit. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] return connection.savepoint() def savepoint_rollback(sid, using=None): """ Rolls back the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if savepoints are not supported. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.savepoint_rollback(sid) def savepoint_commit(sid, using=None): """ Commits the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if savepoints are not supported. """ if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS connection = connections[using] connection.savepoint_commit(sid) ############## # DECORATORS # ############## class Transaction(object): """ Acts as either a decorator, or a context manager. If it's a decorator it takes a function and returns a wrapped function. If it's a contextmanager it's used with the ``with`` statement. In either event entering/exiting are called before and after, respectively, the function/block is executed. autocommit, commit_on_success, and commit_manually contain the implementations of entering and exiting. """ def __init__(self, entering, exiting, using): self.entering = entering self.exiting = exiting self.using = using def __enter__(self): self.entering(self.using) def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback): self.exiting(exc_value, self.using) def __call__(self, func): @wraps(func) def inner(*args, **kwargs): # Once we drop support for Python 2.4 this block should become: # with self: # func(*args, **kwargs) self.__enter__() try: res = func(*args, **kwargs) except: self.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()) raise else: self.__exit__(None, None, None) return res return inner def _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using): """ Takes 3 things, an entering function (what to do to start this block of transaction management), an exiting function (what to do to end it, on both success and failure, and using which can be: None, indiciating using is DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, a callable, indicating that using is DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS and to return the function already wrapped. Returns either a Transaction objects, which is both a decorator and a context manager, or a wrapped function, if using is a callable. """ # Note that although the first argument is *called* `using`, it # may actually be a function; @autocommit and @autocommit('foo') # are both allowed forms. if using is None: using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS if callable(using): return Transaction(entering, exiting, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)(using) return Transaction(entering, exiting, using) def autocommit(using=None): """ Decorator that activates commit on save. This is Django's default behavior; this decorator is useful if you globally activated transaction management in your settings file and want the default behavior in some view functions. """ def entering(using): enter_transaction_management(managed=False, using=using) managed(False, using=using) def exiting(exc_value, using): leave_transaction_management(using=using) return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using) def commit_on_success(using=None): """ This decorator activates commit on response. This way, if the view function runs successfully, a commit is made; if the viewfunc produces an exception, a rollback is made. This is one of the most common ways to do transaction control in Web apps. """ def entering(using): enter_transaction_management(using=using) managed(True, using=using) def exiting(exc_value, using): try: if exc_value is not None: if is_dirty(using=using): rollback(using=using) else: if is_dirty(using=using): try: commit(using=using) except: rollback(using=using) raise finally: leave_transaction_management(using=using) return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using) def commit_manually(using=None): """ Decorator that activates manual transaction control. It just disables automatic transaction control and doesn't do any commit/rollback of its own -- it's up to the user to call the commit and rollback functions themselves. """ def entering(using): enter_transaction_management(using=using) managed(True, using=using) def exiting(exc_value, using): leave_transaction_management(using=using) return _transaction_func(entering, exiting, using)
Python
from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection as PostgresDatabaseIntrospection class DatabaseIntrospection(PostgresDatabaseIntrospection): def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_index: (field_index_other_table, other_table)} representing all relationships to the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ cursor.execute(""" SELECT con.conkey, con.confkey, c2.relname FROM pg_constraint con, pg_class c1, pg_class c2 WHERE c1.oid = con.conrelid AND c2.oid = con.confrelid AND c1.relname = %s AND con.contype = 'f'""", [table_name]) relations = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): # row[0] and row[1] are single-item lists, so grab the single item. relations[row[0][0] - 1] = (row[1][0] - 1, row[2]) return relations
Python
""" PostgreSQL database backend for Django. Requires psycopg 2: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg2 """ import sys from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations as PostgresqlDatabaseOperations from django.db.backends.postgresql.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.postgresql.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.postgresql.version import get_version from django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.utils.safestring import SafeUnicode, SafeString try: import psycopg2 as Database import psycopg2.extensions except ImportError, e: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg2 module: %s" % e) DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError psycopg2.extensions.register_type(psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE) psycopg2.extensions.register_adapter(SafeString, psycopg2.extensions.QuotedString) psycopg2.extensions.register_adapter(SafeUnicode, psycopg2.extensions.QuotedString) class CursorWrapper(object): """ A thin wrapper around psycopg2's normal cursor class so that we can catch particular exception instances and reraise them with the right types. """ def __init__(self, cursor): self.cursor = cursor def execute(self, query, args=None): try: return self.cursor.execute(query, args) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def executemany(self, query, args): try: return self.cursor.executemany(query, args) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[attr] else: return getattr(self.cursor, attr) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.cursor) class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): needs_datetime_string_cast = False can_return_id_from_insert = False requires_rollback_on_dirty_transaction = True has_real_datatype = True can_defer_constraint_checks = True class DatabaseOperations(PostgresqlDatabaseOperations): def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params): # With psycopg2, cursor objects have a "query" attribute that is the # exact query sent to the database. See docs here: # http://www.initd.org/tracker/psycopg/wiki/psycopg2_documentation#postgresql-status-message-and-executed-query return cursor.query def return_insert_id(self): return "RETURNING %s", () class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'postgresql' operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': '= UPPER(%s)', 'contains': 'LIKE %s', 'icontains': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', 'regex': '~ %s', 'iregex': '~* %s', 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': 'LIKE %s', 'endswith': 'LIKE %s', 'istartswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', 'iendswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) autocommit = self.settings_dict["OPTIONS"].get('autocommit', False) self.features.uses_autocommit = autocommit self._set_isolation_level(int(not autocommit)) self.ops = DatabaseOperations(self) self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self) def _cursor(self): new_connection = False set_tz = False settings_dict = self.settings_dict if self.connection is None: new_connection = True set_tz = settings_dict.get('TIME_ZONE') if settings_dict['NAME'] == '': from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("You need to specify NAME in your Django settings file.") conn_params = { 'database': settings_dict['NAME'], } conn_params.update(settings_dict['OPTIONS']) if 'autocommit' in conn_params: del conn_params['autocommit'] if settings_dict['USER']: conn_params['user'] = settings_dict['USER'] if settings_dict['PASSWORD']: conn_params['password'] = settings_dict['PASSWORD'] if settings_dict['HOST']: conn_params['host'] = settings_dict['HOST'] if settings_dict['PORT']: conn_params['port'] = settings_dict['PORT'] self.connection = Database.connect(**conn_params) self.connection.set_client_encoding('UTF8') self.connection.set_isolation_level(self.isolation_level) connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.tzinfo_factory = None if new_connection: if set_tz: cursor.execute("SET TIME ZONE %s", [settings_dict['TIME_ZONE']]) if not hasattr(self, '_version'): self.__class__._version = get_version(cursor) if self._version[0:2] < (8, 0): # No savepoint support for earlier version of PostgreSQL. self.features.uses_savepoints = False if self.features.uses_autocommit: if self._version[0:2] < (8, 2): # FIXME: Needs extra code to do reliable model insert # handling, so we forbid it for now. from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("You cannot use autocommit=True with PostgreSQL prior to 8.2 at the moment.") else: # FIXME: Eventually we're enable this by default for # versions that support it, but, right now, that's hard to # do without breaking other things (#10509). self.features.can_return_id_from_insert = True return CursorWrapper(cursor) def _enter_transaction_management(self, managed): """ Switch the isolation level when needing transaction support, so that the same transaction is visible across all the queries. """ if self.features.uses_autocommit and managed and not self.isolation_level: self._set_isolation_level(1) def _leave_transaction_management(self, managed): """ If the normal operating mode is "autocommit", switch back to that when leaving transaction management. """ if self.features.uses_autocommit and not managed and self.isolation_level: self._set_isolation_level(0) def _set_isolation_level(self, level): """ Do all the related feature configurations for changing isolation levels. This doesn't touch the uses_autocommit feature, since that controls the movement *between* isolation levels. """ assert level in (0, 1) try: if self.connection is not None: self.connection.set_isolation_level(level) finally: self.isolation_level = level self.features.uses_savepoints = bool(level) def _commit(self): if self.connection is not None: try: return self.connection.commit() except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2]
Python
from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseIntrospection from MySQLdb import ProgrammingError, OperationalError from MySQLdb.constants import FIELD_TYPE import re foreign_key_re = re.compile(r"\sCONSTRAINT `[^`]*` FOREIGN KEY \(`([^`]*)`\) REFERENCES `([^`]*)` \(`([^`]*)`\)") class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection): data_types_reverse = { FIELD_TYPE.BLOB: 'TextField', FIELD_TYPE.CHAR: 'CharField', FIELD_TYPE.DECIMAL: 'DecimalField', FIELD_TYPE.NEWDECIMAL: 'DecimalField', FIELD_TYPE.DATE: 'DateField', FIELD_TYPE.DATETIME: 'DateTimeField', FIELD_TYPE.DOUBLE: 'FloatField', FIELD_TYPE.FLOAT: 'FloatField', FIELD_TYPE.INT24: 'IntegerField', FIELD_TYPE.LONG: 'IntegerField', FIELD_TYPE.LONGLONG: 'BigIntegerField', FIELD_TYPE.SHORT: 'IntegerField', FIELD_TYPE.STRING: 'CharField', FIELD_TYPE.TIMESTAMP: 'DateTimeField', FIELD_TYPE.TINY: 'IntegerField', FIELD_TYPE.TINY_BLOB: 'TextField', FIELD_TYPE.MEDIUM_BLOB: 'TextField', FIELD_TYPE.LONG_BLOB: 'TextField', FIELD_TYPE.VAR_STRING: 'CharField', } def get_table_list(self, cursor): "Returns a list of table names in the current database." cursor.execute("SHOW TABLES") return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()] def get_table_description(self, cursor, table_name): "Returns a description of the table, with the DB-API cursor.description interface." cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM %s LIMIT 1" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) return cursor.description def _name_to_index(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_name: field_index} for the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ return dict([(d[0], i) for i, d in enumerate(self.get_table_description(cursor, table_name))]) def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_index: (field_index_other_table, other_table)} representing all relationships to the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ my_field_dict = self._name_to_index(cursor, table_name) constraints = [] relations = {} try: # This should work for MySQL 5.0. cursor.execute(""" SELECT column_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name FROM information_schema.key_column_usage WHERE table_name = %s AND table_schema = DATABASE() AND referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL AND referenced_column_name IS NOT NULL""", [table_name]) constraints.extend(cursor.fetchall()) except (ProgrammingError, OperationalError): # Fall back to "SHOW CREATE TABLE", for previous MySQL versions. # Go through all constraints and save the equal matches. cursor.execute("SHOW CREATE TABLE %s" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) for row in cursor.fetchall(): pos = 0 while True: match = foreign_key_re.search(row[1], pos) if match == None: break pos = match.end() constraints.append(match.groups()) for my_fieldname, other_table, other_field in constraints: other_field_index = self._name_to_index(cursor, other_table)[other_field] my_field_index = my_field_dict[my_fieldname] relations[my_field_index] = (other_field_index, other_table) return relations def get_indexes(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of fieldname -> infodict for the given table, where each infodict is in the format: {'primary_key': boolean representing whether it's the primary key, 'unique': boolean representing whether it's a unique index} """ cursor.execute("SHOW INDEX FROM %s" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) indexes = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): indexes[row[4]] = {'primary_key': (row[2] == 'PRIMARY'), 'unique': not bool(row[1])} return indexes
Python
from django.db.models.sql import compiler class SQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler): def resolve_columns(self, row, fields=()): values = [] index_extra_select = len(self.query.extra_select.keys()) for value, field in map(None, row[index_extra_select:], fields): if (field and field.get_internal_type() in ("BooleanField", "NullBooleanField") and value in (0, 1)): value = bool(value) values.append(value) return row[:index_extra_select] + tuple(values) class SQLInsertCompiler(compiler.SQLInsertCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLDeleteCompiler(compiler.SQLDeleteCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLUpdateCompiler(compiler.SQLUpdateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLAggregateCompiler(compiler.SQLAggregateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass
Python
import os import sys from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseClient class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient): executable_name = 'mysql' def runshell(self): settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict args = [self.executable_name] db = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('db', settings_dict['NAME']) user = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('user', settings_dict['USER']) passwd = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('passwd', settings_dict['PASSWORD']) host = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('host', settings_dict['HOST']) port = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('port', settings_dict['PORT']) defaults_file = settings_dict['OPTIONS'].get('read_default_file') # Seems to be no good way to set sql_mode with CLI. if defaults_file: args += ["--defaults-file=%s" % defaults_file] if user: args += ["--user=%s" % user] if passwd: args += ["--password=%s" % passwd] if host: if '/' in host: args += ["--socket=%s" % host] else: args += ["--host=%s" % host] if port: args += ["--port=%s" % port] if db: args += [db] if os.name == 'nt': sys.exit(os.system(" ".join(args))) else: os.execvp(self.executable_name, args)
Python
from django.db.backends.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation): # This dictionary maps Field objects to their associated MySQL column # types, as strings. Column-type strings can contain format strings; they'll # be interpolated against the values of Field.__dict__ before being output. # If a column type is set to None, it won't be included in the output. data_types = { 'AutoField': 'integer AUTO_INCREMENT', 'BooleanField': 'bool', 'CharField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'CommaSeparatedIntegerField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'DateField': 'date', 'DateTimeField': 'datetime', 'DecimalField': 'numeric(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)', 'FileField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FilePathField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FloatField': 'double precision', 'IntegerField': 'integer', 'BigIntegerField': 'bigint', 'IPAddressField': 'char(15)', 'NullBooleanField': 'bool', 'OneToOneField': 'integer', 'PositiveIntegerField': 'integer UNSIGNED', 'PositiveSmallIntegerField': 'smallint UNSIGNED', 'SlugField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'SmallIntegerField': 'smallint', 'TextField': 'longtext', 'TimeField': 'time', } def sql_table_creation_suffix(self): suffix = [] if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_CHARSET']: suffix.append('CHARACTER SET %s' % self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_CHARSET']) if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_COLLATION']: suffix.append('COLLATE %s' % self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_COLLATION']) return ' '.join(suffix) def sql_for_inline_foreign_key_references(self, field, known_models, style): "All inline references are pending under MySQL" return [], True def sql_for_inline_many_to_many_references(self, model, field, style): from django.db import models opts = model._meta qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name table_output = [ ' %s %s %s,' % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.m2m_column_name())), style.SQL_COLTYPE(models.ForeignKey(model).db_type(connection=self.connection)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL')), ' %s %s %s,' % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.m2m_reverse_name())), style.SQL_COLTYPE(models.ForeignKey(field.rel.to).db_type(connection=self.connection)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL')) ] deferred = [ (field.m2m_db_table(), field.m2m_column_name(), opts.db_table, opts.pk.column), (field.m2m_db_table(), field.m2m_reverse_name(), field.rel.to._meta.db_table, field.rel.to._meta.pk.column) ] return table_output, deferred
Python
from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseValidation class DatabaseValidation(BaseDatabaseValidation): def validate_field(self, errors, opts, f): """ There are some field length restrictions for MySQL: - Prior to version 5.0.3, character fields could not exceed 255 characters in length. - No character (varchar) fields can have a length exceeding 255 characters if they have a unique index on them. """ from django.db import models db_version = self.connection.get_server_version() varchar_fields = (models.CharField, models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField, models.SlugField) if isinstance(f, varchar_fields) and f.max_length > 255: if db_version < (5, 0, 3): msg = '"%(name)s": %(cls)s cannot have a "max_length" greater than 255 when you are using a version of MySQL prior to 5.0.3 (you are using %(version)s).' elif f.unique == True: msg = '"%(name)s": %(cls)s cannot have a "max_length" greater than 255 when using "unique=True".' else: msg = None if msg: errors.add(opts, msg % {'name': f.name, 'cls': f.__class__.__name__, 'version': '.'.join([str(n) for n in db_version[:3]])})
Python
""" MySQL database backend for Django. Requires MySQLdb: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python """ import re import sys try: import MySQLdb as Database except ImportError, e: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e) # We want version (1, 2, 1, 'final', 2) or later. We can't just use # lexicographic ordering in this check because then (1, 2, 1, 'gamma') # inadvertently passes the version test. version = Database.version_info if (version < (1,2,1) or (version[:3] == (1, 2, 1) and (len(version) < 5 or version[3] != 'final' or version[4] < 2))): from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("MySQLdb-1.2.1p2 or newer is required; you have %s" % Database.__version__) from MySQLdb.converters import conversions from MySQLdb.constants import FIELD_TYPE, FLAG, CLIENT from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.mysql.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.mysql.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.mysql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.db.backends.mysql.validation import DatabaseValidation from django.utils.safestring import SafeString, SafeUnicode # Raise exceptions for database warnings if DEBUG is on from django.conf import settings if settings.DEBUG: from warnings import filterwarnings filterwarnings("error", category=Database.Warning) DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError # MySQLdb-1.2.1 returns TIME columns as timedelta -- they are more like # timedelta in terms of actual behavior as they are signed and include days -- # and Django expects time, so we still need to override that. We also need to # add special handling for SafeUnicode and SafeString as MySQLdb's type # checking is too tight to catch those (see Django ticket #6052). django_conversions = conversions.copy() django_conversions.update({ FIELD_TYPE.TIME: util.typecast_time, FIELD_TYPE.DECIMAL: util.typecast_decimal, FIELD_TYPE.NEWDECIMAL: util.typecast_decimal, }) # This should match the numerical portion of the version numbers (we can treat # versions like 5.0.24 and 5.0.24a as the same). Based on the list of version # at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/news.html and # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/news.html . server_version_re = re.compile(r'(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})') # MySQLdb-1.2.1 and newer automatically makes use of SHOW WARNINGS on # MySQL-4.1 and newer, so the MysqlDebugWrapper is unnecessary. Since the # point is to raise Warnings as exceptions, this can be done with the Python # warning module, and this is setup when the connection is created, and the # standard util.CursorDebugWrapper can be used. Also, using sql_mode # TRADITIONAL will automatically cause most warnings to be treated as errors. class CursorWrapper(object): """ A thin wrapper around MySQLdb's normal cursor class so that we can catch particular exception instances and reraise them with the right types. Implemented as a wrapper, rather than a subclass, so that we aren't stuck to the particular underlying representation returned by Connection.cursor(). """ codes_for_integrityerror = (1048,) def __init__(self, cursor): self.cursor = cursor def execute(self, query, args=None): try: return self.cursor.execute(query, args) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.OperationalError, e: # Map some error codes to IntegrityError, since they seem to be # misclassified and Django would prefer the more logical place. if e[0] in self.codes_for_integrityerror: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] raise except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def executemany(self, query, args): try: return self.cursor.executemany(query, args) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.OperationalError, e: # Map some error codes to IntegrityError, since they seem to be # misclassified and Django would prefer the more logical place. if e[0] in self.codes_for_integrityerror: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] raise except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[attr] else: return getattr(self.cursor, attr) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.cursor) class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): empty_fetchmany_value = () update_can_self_select = False allows_group_by_pk = True related_fields_match_type = True allow_sliced_subqueries = False supports_forward_references = False supports_long_model_names = False supports_microsecond_precision = False supports_regex_backreferencing = False supports_date_lookup_using_string = False supports_timezones = False requires_explicit_null_ordering_when_grouping = True allows_primary_key_0 = False def _can_introspect_foreign_keys(self): "Confirm support for introspected foreign keys" cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE INTROSPECT_TEST (X INT)') # This command is MySQL specific; the second column # will tell you the default table type of the created # table. Since all Django's test tables will have the same # table type, that's enough to evaluate the feature. cursor.execute('SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Name="INTROSPECT_TEST"') result = cursor.fetchone() cursor.execute('DROP TABLE INTROSPECT_TEST') return result[1] != 'MyISAM' class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): compiler_module = "django.db.backends.mysql.compiler" def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/date-and-time-functions.html if lookup_type == 'week_day': # DAYOFWEEK() returns an integer, 1-7, Sunday=1. # Note: WEEKDAY() returns 0-6, Monday=0. return "DAYOFWEEK(%s)" % field_name else: return "EXTRACT(%s FROM %s)" % (lookup_type.upper(), field_name) def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): fields = ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second'] format = ('%%Y-', '%%m', '-%%d', ' %%H:', '%%i', ':%%s') # Use double percents to escape. format_def = ('0000-', '01', '-01', ' 00:', '00', ':00') try: i = fields.index(lookup_type) + 1 except ValueError: sql = field_name else: format_str = ''.join([f for f in format[:i]] + [f for f in format_def[i:]]) sql = "CAST(DATE_FORMAT(%s, '%s') AS DATETIME)" % (field_name, format_str) return sql def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): return "(%s %s INTERVAL '%d 0:0:%d:%d' DAY_MICROSECOND)" % (sql, connector, timedelta.days, timedelta.seconds, timedelta.microseconds) def drop_foreignkey_sql(self): return "DROP FOREIGN KEY" def force_no_ordering(self): """ "ORDER BY NULL" prevents MySQL from implicitly ordering by grouped columns. If no ordering would otherwise be applied, we don't want any implicit sorting going on. """ return ["NULL"] def fulltext_search_sql(self, field_name): return 'MATCH (%s) AGAINST (%%s IN BOOLEAN MODE)' % field_name def no_limit_value(self): # 2**64 - 1, as recommended by the MySQL documentation return 18446744073709551615L def quote_name(self, name): if name.startswith("`") and name.endswith("`"): return name # Quoting once is enough. return "`%s`" % name def random_function_sql(self): return 'RAND()' def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): # NB: The generated SQL below is specific to MySQL # 'TRUNCATE x;', 'TRUNCATE y;', 'TRUNCATE z;'... style SQL statements # to clear all tables of all data if tables: sql = ['SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;'] for table in tables: sql.append('%s %s;' % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('TRUNCATE'), style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)))) sql.append('SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;') # 'ALTER TABLE table AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;'... style SQL statements # to reset sequence indices sql.extend(["%s %s %s %s %s;" % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('TABLE'), style.SQL_TABLE(self.quote_name(sequence['table'])), style.SQL_KEYWORD('AUTO_INCREMENT'), style.SQL_FIELD('= 1'), ) for sequence in sequences]) return sql else: return [] def value_to_db_datetime(self, value): if value is None: return None # MySQL doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if value.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError("MySQL backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes.") # MySQL doesn't support microseconds return unicode(value.replace(microsecond=0)) def value_to_db_time(self, value): if value is None: return None # MySQL doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if value.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError("MySQL backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes.") # MySQL doesn't support microseconds return unicode(value.replace(microsecond=0)) def year_lookup_bounds(self, value): # Again, no microseconds first = '%s-01-01 00:00:00' second = '%s-12-31 23:59:59.99' return [first % value, second % value] def max_name_length(self): return 64 class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'mysql' operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': 'LIKE %s', 'contains': 'LIKE BINARY %s', 'icontains': 'LIKE %s', 'regex': 'REGEXP BINARY %s', 'iregex': 'REGEXP %s', 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': 'LIKE BINARY %s', 'endswith': 'LIKE BINARY %s', 'istartswith': 'LIKE %s', 'iendswith': 'LIKE %s', } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.server_version = None self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) self.ops = DatabaseOperations() self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = DatabaseValidation(self) def _valid_connection(self): if self.connection is not None: try: self.connection.ping() return True except DatabaseError: self.connection.close() self.connection = None return False def _cursor(self): if not self._valid_connection(): kwargs = { 'conv': django_conversions, 'charset': 'utf8', 'use_unicode': True, } settings_dict = self.settings_dict if settings_dict['USER']: kwargs['user'] = settings_dict['USER'] if settings_dict['NAME']: kwargs['db'] = settings_dict['NAME'] if settings_dict['PASSWORD']: kwargs['passwd'] = settings_dict['PASSWORD'] if settings_dict['HOST'].startswith('/'): kwargs['unix_socket'] = settings_dict['HOST'] elif settings_dict['HOST']: kwargs['host'] = settings_dict['HOST'] if settings_dict['PORT']: kwargs['port'] = int(settings_dict['PORT']) # We need the number of potentially affected rows after an # "UPDATE", not the number of changed rows. kwargs['client_flag'] = CLIENT.FOUND_ROWS kwargs.update(settings_dict['OPTIONS']) self.connection = Database.connect(**kwargs) self.connection.encoders[SafeUnicode] = self.connection.encoders[unicode] self.connection.encoders[SafeString] = self.connection.encoders[str] connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) cursor = CursorWrapper(self.connection.cursor()) return cursor def _rollback(self): try: super(DatabaseWrapper, self)._rollback() except Database.NotSupportedError: pass def get_server_version(self): if not self.server_version: if not self._valid_connection(): self.cursor() m = server_version_re.match(self.connection.get_server_info()) if not m: raise Exception('Unable to determine MySQL version from version string %r' % self.connection.get_server_info()) self.server_version = tuple([int(x) for x in m.groups()]) return self.server_version
Python
from django.dispatch import Signal connection_created = Signal(providing_args=["connection"])
Python
""" Dummy database backend for Django. Django uses this if the database ENGINE setting is empty (None or empty string). Each of these API functions, except connection.close(), raises ImproperlyConfigured. """ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation def complain(*args, **kwargs): raise ImproperlyConfigured("You haven't set the database ENGINE setting yet.") def ignore(*args, **kwargs): pass class DatabaseError(Exception): pass class IntegrityError(DatabaseError): pass class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): quote_name = complain class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient): runshell = complain class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection): get_table_list = complain get_table_description = complain get_relations = complain get_indexes = complain class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): operators = {} # Override the base class implementations with null # implementations. Anything that tries to actually # do something raises complain; anything that tries # to rollback or undo something raises ignore. _commit = complain _rollback = ignore enter_transaction_management = complain leave_transaction_management = ignore set_dirty = complain set_clean = complain commit_unless_managed = complain rollback_unless_managed = ignore savepoint = ignore savepoint_commit = complain savepoint_rollback = ignore close = ignore cursor = complain def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.features = BaseDatabaseFeatures(self) self.ops = DatabaseOperations() self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = BaseDatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self)
Python
import sys import time from django.conf import settings # The prefix to put on the default database name when creating # the test database. TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX = 'test_' class BaseDatabaseCreation(object): """ This class encapsulates all backend-specific differences that pertain to database *creation*, such as the column types to use for particular Django Fields, the SQL used to create and destroy tables, and the creation and destruction of test databases. """ data_types = {} def __init__(self, connection): self.connection = connection def _digest(self, *args): """ Generates a 32-bit digest of a set of arguments that can be used to shorten identifying names. """ return '%x' % (abs(hash(args)) % 4294967296L) # 2**32 def sql_create_model(self, model, style, known_models=set()): """ Returns the SQL required to create a single model, as a tuple of: (list_of_sql, pending_references_dict) """ opts = model._meta if not opts.managed or opts.proxy: return [], {} final_output = [] table_output = [] pending_references = {} qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name for f in opts.local_fields: col_type = f.db_type(connection=self.connection) tablespace = f.db_tablespace or opts.db_tablespace if col_type is None: # Skip ManyToManyFields, because they're not represented as # database columns in this table. continue # Make the definition (e.g. 'foo VARCHAR(30)') for this field. field_output = [style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)), style.SQL_COLTYPE(col_type)] if not f.null: field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL')) if f.primary_key: field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('PRIMARY KEY')) elif f.unique: field_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('UNIQUE')) if tablespace and f.unique: # We must specify the index tablespace inline, because we # won't be generating a CREATE INDEX statement for this field. field_output.append(self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace, inline=True)) if f.rel: ref_output, pending = self.sql_for_inline_foreign_key_references(f, known_models, style) if pending: pr = pending_references.setdefault(f.rel.to, []).append((model, f)) else: field_output.extend(ref_output) table_output.append(' '.join(field_output)) for field_constraints in opts.unique_together: table_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('UNIQUE') + ' (%s)' % \ ", ".join([style.SQL_FIELD(qn(opts.get_field(f).column)) for f in field_constraints])) full_statement = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('CREATE TABLE') + ' ' + style.SQL_TABLE(qn(opts.db_table)) + ' ('] for i, line in enumerate(table_output): # Combine and add commas. full_statement.append(' %s%s' % (line, i < len(table_output)-1 and ',' or '')) full_statement.append(')') if opts.db_tablespace: full_statement.append(self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(opts.db_tablespace)) full_statement.append(';') final_output.append('\n'.join(full_statement)) if opts.has_auto_field: # Add any extra SQL needed to support auto-incrementing primary keys. auto_column = opts.auto_field.db_column or opts.auto_field.name autoinc_sql = self.connection.ops.autoinc_sql(opts.db_table, auto_column) if autoinc_sql: for stmt in autoinc_sql: final_output.append(stmt) return final_output, pending_references def sql_for_inline_foreign_key_references(self, field, known_models, style): "Return the SQL snippet defining the foreign key reference for a field" qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name if field.rel.to in known_models: output = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('REFERENCES') + ' ' + \ style.SQL_TABLE(qn(field.rel.to._meta.db_table)) + ' (' + \ style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.rel.to._meta.get_field(field.rel.field_name).column)) + ')' + self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql() ] pending = False else: # We haven't yet created the table to which this field # is related, so save it for later. output = [] pending = True return output, pending def sql_for_pending_references(self, model, style, pending_references): "Returns any ALTER TABLE statements to add constraints after the fact." from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy: return [] qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name final_output = [] opts = model._meta if model in pending_references: for rel_class, f in pending_references[model]: rel_opts = rel_class._meta r_table = rel_opts.db_table r_col = f.column table = opts.db_table col = opts.get_field(f.rel.field_name).column # For MySQL, r_name must be unique in the first 64 characters. # So we are careful with character usage here. r_name = '%s_refs_%s_%s' % (r_col, col, self._digest(r_table, table)) final_output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER TABLE') + ' %s ADD CONSTRAINT %s FOREIGN KEY (%s) REFERENCES %s (%s)%s;' % \ (qn(r_table), qn(truncate_name(r_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length())), qn(r_col), qn(table), qn(col), self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql())) del pending_references[model] return final_output def sql_for_many_to_many(self, model, style): "Return the CREATE TABLE statments for all the many-to-many tables defined on a model" import warnings warnings.warn( 'Database creation API for m2m tables has been deprecated. M2M models are now automatically generated', DeprecationWarning ) output = [] for f in model._meta.local_many_to_many: if model._meta.managed or f.rel.to._meta.managed: output.extend(self.sql_for_many_to_many_field(model, f, style)) return output def sql_for_many_to_many_field(self, model, f, style): "Return the CREATE TABLE statements for a single m2m field" import warnings warnings.warn( 'Database creation API for m2m tables has been deprecated. M2M models are now automatically generated', DeprecationWarning ) from django.db import models from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name output = [] if f.auto_created: opts = model._meta qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name tablespace = f.db_tablespace or opts.db_tablespace if tablespace: sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace, inline=True) if sql: tablespace_sql = ' ' + sql else: tablespace_sql = '' else: tablespace_sql = '' table_output = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('CREATE TABLE') + ' ' + \ style.SQL_TABLE(qn(f.m2m_db_table())) + ' ('] table_output.append(' %s %s %s%s,' % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn('id')), style.SQL_COLTYPE(models.AutoField(primary_key=True).db_type(connection=self.connection)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY'), tablespace_sql)) deferred = [] inline_output, deferred = self.sql_for_inline_many_to_many_references(model, f, style) table_output.extend(inline_output) table_output.append(' %s (%s, %s)%s' % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('UNIQUE'), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.m2m_column_name())), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.m2m_reverse_name())), tablespace_sql)) table_output.append(')') if opts.db_tablespace: # f.db_tablespace is only for indices, so ignore its value here. table_output.append(self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(opts.db_tablespace)) table_output.append(';') output.append('\n'.join(table_output)) for r_table, r_col, table, col in deferred: r_name = '%s_refs_%s_%s' % (r_col, col, self._digest(r_table, table)) output.append(style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER TABLE') + ' %s ADD CONSTRAINT %s FOREIGN KEY (%s) REFERENCES %s (%s)%s;' % (qn(r_table), qn(truncate_name(r_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length())), qn(r_col), qn(table), qn(col), self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql())) # Add any extra SQL needed to support auto-incrementing PKs autoinc_sql = self.connection.ops.autoinc_sql(f.m2m_db_table(), 'id') if autoinc_sql: for stmt in autoinc_sql: output.append(stmt) return output def sql_for_inline_many_to_many_references(self, model, field, style): "Create the references to other tables required by a many-to-many table" import warnings warnings.warn( 'Database creation API for m2m tables has been deprecated. M2M models are now automatically generated', DeprecationWarning ) from django.db import models opts = model._meta qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name table_output = [ ' %s %s %s %s (%s)%s,' % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.m2m_column_name())), style.SQL_COLTYPE(models.ForeignKey(model).db_type(connection=self.connection)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL REFERENCES'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(opts.db_table)), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(opts.pk.column)), self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql()), ' %s %s %s %s (%s)%s,' % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.m2m_reverse_name())), style.SQL_COLTYPE(models.ForeignKey(field.rel.to).db_type(connection=self.connection)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('NOT NULL REFERENCES'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(field.rel.to._meta.db_table)), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(field.rel.to._meta.pk.column)), self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql()) ] deferred = [] return table_output, deferred def sql_indexes_for_model(self, model, style): "Returns the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for a single model" if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy: return [] output = [] for f in model._meta.local_fields: output.extend(self.sql_indexes_for_field(model, f, style)) return output def sql_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style): "Return the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for a single model field" from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name if f.db_index and not f.unique: qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name tablespace = f.db_tablespace or model._meta.db_tablespace if tablespace: sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace) if sql: tablespace_sql = ' ' + sql else: tablespace_sql = '' else: tablespace_sql = '' i_name = '%s_%s' % (model._meta.db_table, self._digest(f.column)) output = [style.SQL_KEYWORD('CREATE INDEX') + ' ' + style.SQL_TABLE(qn(truncate_name(i_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length()))) + ' ' + style.SQL_KEYWORD('ON') + ' ' + style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)) + ' ' + "(%s)" % style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)) + "%s;" % tablespace_sql] else: output = [] return output def sql_destroy_model(self, model, references_to_delete, style): "Return the DROP TABLE and restraint dropping statements for a single model" if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy: return [] # Drop the table now qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name output = ['%s %s;' % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DROP TABLE'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)))] if model in references_to_delete: output.extend(self.sql_remove_table_constraints(model, references_to_delete, style)) if model._meta.has_auto_field: ds = self.connection.ops.drop_sequence_sql(model._meta.db_table) if ds: output.append(ds) return output def sql_remove_table_constraints(self, model, references_to_delete, style): from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy: return [] output = [] qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name for rel_class, f in references_to_delete[model]: table = rel_class._meta.db_table col = f.column r_table = model._meta.db_table r_col = model._meta.get_field(f.rel.field_name).column r_name = '%s_refs_%s_%s' % (col, r_col, self._digest(table, r_table)) output.append('%s %s %s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('ALTER TABLE'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(table)), style.SQL_KEYWORD(self.connection.ops.drop_foreignkey_sql()), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(truncate_name(r_name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length()))))) del references_to_delete[model] return output def sql_destroy_many_to_many(self, model, f, style): "Returns the DROP TABLE statements for a single m2m field" import warnings warnings.warn( 'Database creation API for m2m tables has been deprecated. M2M models are now automatically generated', DeprecationWarning ) qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name output = [] if f.auto_created: output.append("%s %s;" % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DROP TABLE'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(f.m2m_db_table())))) ds = self.connection.ops.drop_sequence_sql("%s_%s" % (model._meta.db_table, f.column)) if ds: output.append(ds) return output def create_test_db(self, verbosity=1, autoclobber=False): """ Creates a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the database already exists. Returns the name of the test database created. """ # Don't import django.core.management if it isn't needed. from django.core.management import call_command test_database_name = self._get_test_db_name() if verbosity >= 1: test_db_repr = '' if verbosity >= 2: test_db_repr = " ('%s')" % test_database_name print "Creating test database for alias '%s'%s..." % (self.connection.alias, test_db_repr) self._create_test_db(verbosity, autoclobber) self.connection.close() self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"] = test_database_name # Confirm the feature set of the test database self.connection.features.confirm() # Report syncdb messages at one level lower than that requested. # This ensures we don't get flooded with messages during testing # (unless you really ask to be flooded) call_command('syncdb', verbosity=max(verbosity - 1, 0), interactive=False, database=self.connection.alias, load_initial_data=False) # We need to then do a flush to ensure that any data installed by # custom SQL has been removed. The only test data should come from # test fixtures, or autogenerated from post_syncdb triggers. # This has the side effect of loading initial data (which was # intentionally skipped in the syncdb). call_command('flush', verbosity=max(verbosity - 1, 0), interactive=False, database=self.connection.alias) from django.core.cache import get_cache from django.core.cache.backends.db import BaseDatabaseCache for cache_alias in settings.CACHES: cache = get_cache(cache_alias) if isinstance(cache, BaseDatabaseCache): from django.db import router if router.allow_syncdb(self.connection.alias, cache.cache_model_class): call_command('createcachetable', cache._table, database=self.connection.alias) # Get a cursor (even though we don't need one yet). This has # the side effect of initializing the test database. cursor = self.connection.cursor() return test_database_name def _get_test_db_name(self): """ Internal implementation - returns the name of the test DB that will be created. Only useful when called from create_test_db() and _create_test_db() and when no external munging is done with the 'NAME' or 'TEST_NAME' settings. """ if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_NAME']: return self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_NAME'] return TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] def _create_test_db(self, verbosity, autoclobber): "Internal implementation - creates the test db tables." suffix = self.sql_table_creation_suffix() test_database_name = self._get_test_db_name() qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name # Create the test database and connect to it. We need to autocommit # if the database supports it because PostgreSQL doesn't allow # CREATE/DROP DATABASE statements within transactions. cursor = self.connection.cursor() self.set_autocommit() try: cursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE %s %s" % (qn(test_database_name), suffix)) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error creating the test database: %s\n" % e) if not autoclobber: confirm = raw_input("Type 'yes' if you would like to try deleting the test database '%s', or 'no' to cancel: " % test_database_name) if autoclobber or confirm == 'yes': try: if verbosity >= 1: print "Destroying old test database '%s'..." % self.connection.alias cursor.execute("DROP DATABASE %s" % qn(test_database_name)) cursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE %s %s" % (qn(test_database_name), suffix)) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error recreating the test database: %s\n" % e) sys.exit(2) else: print "Tests cancelled." sys.exit(1) return test_database_name def destroy_test_db(self, old_database_name, verbosity=1): """ Destroy a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the database already exists. Returns the name of the test database created. """ self.connection.close() test_database_name = self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] if verbosity >= 1: test_db_repr = '' if verbosity >= 2: test_db_repr = " ('%s')" % test_database_name print "Destroying test database for alias '%s'%s..." % (self.connection.alias, test_db_repr) self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] = old_database_name self._destroy_test_db(test_database_name, verbosity) def _destroy_test_db(self, test_database_name, verbosity): "Internal implementation - remove the test db tables." # Remove the test database to clean up after # ourselves. Connect to the previous database (not the test database) # to do so, because it's not allowed to delete a database while being # connected to it. cursor = self.connection.cursor() self.set_autocommit() time.sleep(1) # To avoid "database is being accessed by other users" errors. cursor.execute("DROP DATABASE %s" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(test_database_name)) self.connection.close() def set_autocommit(self): "Make sure a connection is in autocommit mode." if hasattr(self.connection.connection, "autocommit"): if callable(self.connection.connection.autocommit): self.connection.connection.autocommit(True) else: self.connection.connection.autocommit = True elif hasattr(self.connection.connection, "set_isolation_level"): self.connection.connection.set_isolation_level(0) def sql_table_creation_suffix(self): "SQL to append to the end of the test table creation statements" return '' def test_db_signature(self): """ Returns a tuple with elements of self.connection.settings_dict (a DATABASES setting value) that uniquely identify a database accordingly to the RDBMS particularities. """ settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict return ( settings_dict['HOST'], settings_dict['PORT'], settings_dict['ENGINE'], settings_dict['NAME'] )
Python
from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseIntrospection class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection): # Maps type codes to Django Field types. data_types_reverse = { 16: 'BooleanField', 20: 'BigIntegerField', 21: 'SmallIntegerField', 23: 'IntegerField', 25: 'TextField', 700: 'FloatField', 701: 'FloatField', 869: 'IPAddressField', 1043: 'CharField', 1082: 'DateField', 1083: 'TimeField', 1114: 'DateTimeField', 1184: 'DateTimeField', 1266: 'TimeField', 1700: 'DecimalField', } def get_table_list(self, cursor): "Returns a list of table names in the current database." cursor.execute(""" SELECT c.relname FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v', '') AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast') AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)""") return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()] def get_table_description(self, cursor, table_name): "Returns a description of the table, with the DB-API cursor.description interface." cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM %s LIMIT 1" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) return cursor.description def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_index: (field_index_other_table, other_table)} representing all relationships to the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ cursor.execute(""" SELECT con.conkey, con.confkey, c2.relname FROM pg_constraint con, pg_class c1, pg_class c2 WHERE c1.oid = con.conrelid AND c2.oid = con.confrelid AND c1.relname = %s AND con.contype = 'f'""", [table_name]) relations = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): try: # row[0] and row[1] are like "{2}", so strip the curly braces. relations[int(row[0][1:-1]) - 1] = (int(row[1][1:-1]) - 1, row[2]) except ValueError: continue return relations def get_indexes(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of fieldname -> infodict for the given table, where each infodict is in the format: {'primary_key': boolean representing whether it's the primary key, 'unique': boolean representing whether it's a unique index} """ # This query retrieves each index on the given table, including the # first associated field name cursor.execute(""" SELECT attr.attname, idx.indkey, idx.indisunique, idx.indisprimary FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_class c2, pg_catalog.pg_index idx, pg_catalog.pg_attribute attr WHERE c.oid = idx.indrelid AND idx.indexrelid = c2.oid AND attr.attrelid = c.oid AND attr.attnum = idx.indkey[0] AND c.relname = %s""", [table_name]) indexes = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): # row[1] (idx.indkey) is stored in the DB as an array. It comes out as # a string of space-separated integers. This designates the field # indexes (1-based) of the fields that have indexes on the table. # Here, we skip any indexes across multiple fields. if ' ' in row[1]: continue indexes[row[0]] = {'primary_key': row[3], 'unique': row[2]} return indexes
Python
import os import sys from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseClient class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient): executable_name = 'psql' def runshell(self): settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict args = [self.executable_name] if settings_dict['USER']: args += ["-U", settings_dict['USER']] if settings_dict['HOST']: args.extend(["-h", settings_dict['HOST']]) if settings_dict['PORT']: args.extend(["-p", str(settings_dict['PORT'])]) args += [settings_dict['NAME']] if os.name == 'nt': sys.exit(os.system(" ".join(args))) else: os.execvp(self.executable_name, args)
Python
import re from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseOperations # This DatabaseOperations class lives in here instead of base.py because it's # used by both the 'postgresql' and 'postgresql_psycopg2' backends. class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): def __init__(self, connection): super(DatabaseOperations, self).__init__() self._postgres_version = None self.connection = connection def _get_postgres_version(self): if self._postgres_version is None: from django.db.backends.postgresql.version import get_version cursor = self.connection.cursor() self._postgres_version = get_version(cursor) return self._postgres_version postgres_version = property(_get_postgres_version) def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT if lookup_type == 'week_day': # For consistency across backends, we return Sunday=1, Saturday=7. return "EXTRACT('dow' FROM %s) + 1" % field_name else: return "EXTRACT('%s' FROM %s)" % (lookup_type, field_name) def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): """ implements the interval functionality for expressions format for Postgres: (datefield + interval '3 days 200 seconds 5 microseconds') """ modifiers = [] if timedelta.days: modifiers.append(u'%s days' % timedelta.days) if timedelta.seconds: modifiers.append(u'%s seconds' % timedelta.seconds) if timedelta.microseconds: modifiers.append(u'%s microseconds' % timedelta.microseconds) mods = u' '.join(modifiers) conn = u' %s ' % connector return u'(%s)' % conn.join([sql, u'interval \'%s\'' % mods]) def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-TRUNC return "DATE_TRUNC('%s', %s)" % (lookup_type, field_name) def deferrable_sql(self): return " DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED" def lookup_cast(self, lookup_type): lookup = '%s' # Cast text lookups to text to allow things like filter(x__contains=4) if lookup_type in ('iexact', 'contains', 'icontains', 'startswith', 'istartswith', 'endswith', 'iendswith'): lookup = "%s::text" # Use UPPER(x) for case-insensitive lookups; it's faster. if lookup_type in ('iexact', 'icontains', 'istartswith', 'iendswith'): lookup = 'UPPER(%s)' % lookup return lookup def field_cast_sql(self, db_type): if db_type == 'inet': return 'HOST(%s)' return '%s' def last_insert_id(self, cursor, table_name, pk_name): # Use pg_get_serial_sequence to get the underlying sequence name # from the table name and column name (available since PostgreSQL 8) cursor.execute("SELECT CURRVAL(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s'))" % ( self.quote_name(table_name), pk_name)) return cursor.fetchone()[0] def no_limit_value(self): return None def quote_name(self, name): if name.startswith('"') and name.endswith('"'): return name # Quoting once is enough. return '"%s"' % name def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): if tables: if self.postgres_version[0:2] >= (8,1): # Postgres 8.1+ can do 'TRUNCATE x, y, z...;'. In fact, it *has to* # in order to be able to truncate tables referenced by a foreign # key in any other table. The result is a single SQL TRUNCATE # statement. sql = ['%s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('TRUNCATE'), style.SQL_FIELD(', '.join([self.quote_name(table) for table in tables])) )] else: # Older versions of Postgres can't do TRUNCATE in a single call, so # they must use a simple delete. sql = ['%s %s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DELETE'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)) ) for table in tables] # 'ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_name RESTART WITH 1;'... style SQL statements # to reset sequence indices for sequence_info in sequences: table_name = sequence_info['table'] column_name = sequence_info['column'] if not (column_name and len(column_name) > 0): # This will be the case if it's an m2m using an autogenerated # intermediate table (see BaseDatabaseIntrospection.sequence_list) column_name = 'id' sql.append("%s setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s'), 1, false);" % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('SELECT'), style.SQL_TABLE(self.quote_name(table_name)), style.SQL_FIELD(column_name)) ) return sql else: return [] def sequence_reset_sql(self, style, model_list): from django.db import models output = [] qn = self.quote_name for model in model_list: # Use `coalesce` to set the sequence for each model to the max pk value if there are records, # or 1 if there are none. Set the `is_called` property (the third argument to `setval`) to true # if there are records (as the max pk value is already in use), otherwise set it to false. # Use pg_get_serial_sequence to get the underlying sequence name from the table name # and column name (available since PostgreSQL 8) for f in model._meta.local_fields: if isinstance(f, models.AutoField): output.append("%s setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s'), coalesce(max(%s), 1), max(%s) %s null) %s %s;" % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('SELECT'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)), style.SQL_FIELD(f.column), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)), style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)), style.SQL_KEYWORD('IS NOT'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(model._meta.db_table)))) break # Only one AutoField is allowed per model, so don't bother continuing. for f in model._meta.many_to_many: if not f.rel.through: output.append("%s setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s'), coalesce(max(%s), 1), max(%s) %s null) %s %s;" % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('SELECT'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(f.m2m_db_table())), style.SQL_FIELD('id'), style.SQL_FIELD(qn('id')), style.SQL_FIELD(qn('id')), style.SQL_KEYWORD('IS NOT'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_TABLE(qn(f.m2m_db_table())))) return output def savepoint_create_sql(self, sid): return "SAVEPOINT %s" % sid def savepoint_commit_sql(self, sid): return "RELEASE SAVEPOINT %s" % sid def savepoint_rollback_sql(self, sid): return "ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT %s" % sid def prep_for_iexact_query(self, x): return x def check_aggregate_support(self, aggregate): """Check that the backend fully supports the provided aggregate. The population and sample statistics (STDDEV_POP, STDDEV_SAMP, VAR_POP, VAR_SAMP) were first implemented in Postgres 8.2. The implementation of population statistics (STDDEV_POP and VAR_POP) under Postgres 8.2 - 8.2.4 is known to be faulty. Raise NotImplementedError if this is the database in use. """ if aggregate.sql_function in ('STDDEV_POP', 'STDDEV_SAMP', 'VAR_POP', 'VAR_SAMP'): if self.postgres_version[0:2] < (8,2): raise NotImplementedError('PostgreSQL does not support %s prior to version 8.2. Please upgrade your version of PostgreSQL.' % aggregate.sql_function) if aggregate.sql_function in ('STDDEV_POP', 'VAR_POP'): if self.postgres_version[0:2] == (8,2): if self.postgres_version[2] is None or self.postgres_version[2] <= 4: raise NotImplementedError('PostgreSQL 8.2 to 8.2.4 is known to have a faulty implementation of %s. Please upgrade your version of PostgreSQL.' % aggregate.sql_function) def max_name_length(self): """ Returns the maximum length of an identifier. Note that the maximum length of an identifier is 63 by default, but can be changed by recompiling PostgreSQL after editing the NAMEDATALEN macro in src/include/pg_config_manual.h . This implementation simply returns 63, but can easily be overridden by a custom database backend that inherits most of its behavior from this one. """ return 63
Python
from django.db.backends.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.util import truncate_name class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation): # This dictionary maps Field objects to their associated PostgreSQL column # types, as strings. Column-type strings can contain format strings; they'll # be interpolated against the values of Field.__dict__ before being output. # If a column type is set to None, it won't be included in the output. data_types = { 'AutoField': 'serial', 'BooleanField': 'boolean', 'CharField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'CommaSeparatedIntegerField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'DateField': 'date', 'DateTimeField': 'timestamp with time zone', 'DecimalField': 'numeric(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)', 'FileField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FilePathField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FloatField': 'double precision', 'IntegerField': 'integer', 'BigIntegerField': 'bigint', 'IPAddressField': 'inet', 'NullBooleanField': 'boolean', 'OneToOneField': 'integer', 'PositiveIntegerField': 'integer CHECK ("%(column)s" >= 0)', 'PositiveSmallIntegerField': 'smallint CHECK ("%(column)s" >= 0)', 'SlugField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'SmallIntegerField': 'smallint', 'TextField': 'text', 'TimeField': 'time', } def sql_table_creation_suffix(self): assert self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_COLLATION'] is None, "PostgreSQL does not support collation setting at database creation time." if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_CHARSET']: return "WITH ENCODING '%s'" % self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_CHARSET'] return '' def sql_indexes_for_field(self, model, f, style): if f.db_index and not f.unique: qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name db_table = model._meta.db_table tablespace = f.db_tablespace or model._meta.db_tablespace if tablespace: sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace) if sql: tablespace_sql = ' ' + sql else: tablespace_sql = '' else: tablespace_sql = '' def get_index_sql(index_name, opclass=''): return (style.SQL_KEYWORD('CREATE INDEX') + ' ' + style.SQL_TABLE(qn(truncate_name(index_name,self.connection.ops.max_name_length()))) + ' ' + style.SQL_KEYWORD('ON') + ' ' + style.SQL_TABLE(qn(db_table)) + ' ' + "(%s%s)" % (style.SQL_FIELD(qn(f.column)), opclass) + "%s;" % tablespace_sql) output = [get_index_sql('%s_%s' % (db_table, f.column))] # Fields with database column types of `varchar` and `text` need # a second index that specifies their operator class, which is # needed when performing correct LIKE queries outside the # C locale. See #12234. db_type = f.db_type(connection=self.connection) if db_type.startswith('varchar'): output.append(get_index_sql('%s_%s_like' % (db_table, f.column), ' varchar_pattern_ops')) elif db_type.startswith('text'): output.append(get_index_sql('%s_%s_like' % (db_table, f.column), ' text_pattern_ops')) else: output = [] return output
Python
""" Extracts the version of the PostgreSQL server. """ import re # This reg-exp is intentionally fairly flexible here. # Needs to be able to handle stuff like: # PostgreSQL 8.3.6 # EnterpriseDB 8.3 # PostgreSQL 8.3 beta4 # PostgreSQL 8.4beta1 VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'\S+ (\d+)\.(\d+)\.?(\d+)?') def _parse_version(text): "Internal parsing method. Factored out for testing purposes." major, major2, minor = VERSION_RE.search(text).groups() try: return int(major), int(major2), int(minor) except (ValueError, TypeError): return int(major), int(major2), None def get_version(cursor): """ Returns a tuple representing the major, minor and revision number of the server. For example, (7, 4, 1) or (8, 3, 4). The revision number will be None in the case of initial releases (e.g., 'PostgreSQL 8.3') or in the case of beta and prereleases ('PostgreSQL 8.4beta1'). """ cursor.execute("SELECT version()") return _parse_version(cursor.fetchone()[0])
Python
""" PostgreSQL database backend for Django. Requires psycopg 1: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg1 """ import sys from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.postgresql.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.postgresql.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations from django.db.backends.postgresql.version import get_version from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, smart_unicode try: import psycopg as Database except ImportError, e: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg module: %s" % e) DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError class UnicodeCursorWrapper(object): """ A thin wrapper around psycopg cursors that allows them to accept Unicode strings as params. This is necessary because psycopg doesn't apply any DB quoting to parameters that are Unicode strings. If a param is Unicode, this will convert it to a bytestring using database client's encoding before passing it to psycopg. All results retrieved from the database are converted into Unicode strings before being returned to the caller. """ def __init__(self, cursor, charset): self.cursor = cursor self.charset = charset def format_params(self, params): if isinstance(params, dict): result = {} charset = self.charset for key, value in params.items(): result[smart_str(key, charset)] = smart_str(value, charset) return result else: return tuple([smart_str(p, self.charset, True) for p in params]) def execute(self, sql, params=()): try: return self.cursor.execute(smart_str(sql, self.charset), self.format_params(params)) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def executemany(self, sql, param_list): try: new_param_list = [self.format_params(params) for params in param_list] return self.cursor.executemany(sql, new_param_list) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[attr] else: return getattr(self.cursor, attr) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.cursor.fetchall()) class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): uses_savepoints = True requires_rollback_on_dirty_transaction = True has_real_datatype = True can_defer_constraint_checks = True class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'postgresql' operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': '= UPPER(%s)', 'contains': 'LIKE %s', 'icontains': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', 'regex': '~ %s', 'iregex': '~* %s', 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': 'LIKE %s', 'endswith': 'LIKE %s', 'istartswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', 'iendswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)', } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) import warnings warnings.warn( 'The "postgresql" backend has been deprecated. Use "postgresql_psycopg2" instead.', DeprecationWarning ) self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) self.ops = DatabaseOperations(self) self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self) def _cursor(self): new_connection = False set_tz = False settings_dict = self.settings_dict if self.connection is None: new_connection = True set_tz = settings_dict.get('TIME_ZONE') if settings_dict['NAME'] == '': from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("You need to specify NAME in your Django settings file.") conn_string = "dbname=%s" % settings_dict['NAME'] if settings_dict['USER']: conn_string = "user=%s %s" % (settings_dict['USER'], conn_string) if settings_dict['PASSWORD']: conn_string += " password='%s'" % settings_dict['PASSWORD'] if settings_dict['HOST']: conn_string += " host=%s" % settings_dict['HOST'] if settings_dict['PORT']: conn_string += " port=%s" % settings_dict['PORT'] self.connection = Database.connect(conn_string, **settings_dict['OPTIONS']) # make transactions transparent to all cursors self.connection.set_isolation_level(1) connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) cursor = self.connection.cursor() if new_connection: if set_tz: cursor.execute("SET TIME ZONE %s", [settings_dict['TIME_ZONE']]) if not hasattr(self, '_version'): self.__class__._version = get_version(cursor) if self._version[0:2] < (8, 0): # No savepoint support for earlier version of PostgreSQL. self.features.uses_savepoints = False cursor.execute("SET client_encoding to 'UNICODE'") return UnicodeCursorWrapper(cursor, 'utf-8') def _commit(self): if self.connection is not None: try: return self.connection.commit() except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def typecast_string(s): """ Cast all returned strings to unicode strings. """ if not s and not isinstance(s, str): return s return smart_unicode(s) # Register these custom typecasts, because Django expects dates/times to be # in Python's native (standard-library) datetime/time format, whereas psycopg # use mx.DateTime by default. try: Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1082,), "DATE", util.typecast_date)) except AttributeError: raise Exception("You appear to be using psycopg version 2. Set your DATABASES.ENGINE to 'postgresql_psycopg2' instead of 'postgresql'.") Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1083,1266), "TIME", util.typecast_time)) Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1114,1184), "TIMESTAMP", util.typecast_timestamp)) Database.register_type(Database.new_type((16,), "BOOLEAN", util.typecast_boolean)) Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1700,), "NUMERIC", util.typecast_decimal)) Database.register_type(Database.new_type(Database.types[1043].values, 'STRING', typecast_string))
Python
import datetime import decimal from time import time from django.utils.hashcompat import md5_constructor from django.utils.log import getLogger logger = getLogger('django.db.backends') class CursorWrapper(object): def __init__(self, cursor, db): self.cursor = cursor self.db = db def __getattr__(self, attr): if self.db.is_managed(): self.db.set_dirty() if attr in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[attr] else: return getattr(self.cursor, attr) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.cursor) class CursorDebugWrapper(CursorWrapper): def execute(self, sql, params=()): start = time() try: return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) finally: stop = time() duration = stop - start sql = self.db.ops.last_executed_query(self.cursor, sql, params) self.db.queries.append({ 'sql': sql, 'time': "%.3f" % duration, }) logger.debug('(%.3f) %s; args=%s' % (duration, sql, params), extra={'duration':duration, 'sql':sql, 'params':params} ) def executemany(self, sql, param_list): start = time() try: return self.cursor.executemany(sql, param_list) finally: stop = time() duration = stop - start self.db.queries.append({ 'sql': '%s times: %s' % (len(param_list), sql), 'time': "%.3f" % duration, }) logger.debug('(%.3f) %s; args=%s' % (duration, sql, param_list), extra={'duration':duration, 'sql':sql, 'params':param_list} ) ############################################### # Converters from database (string) to Python # ############################################### def typecast_date(s): return s and datetime.date(*map(int, s.split('-'))) or None # returns None if s is null def typecast_time(s): # does NOT store time zone information if not s: return None hour, minutes, seconds = s.split(':') if '.' in seconds: # check whether seconds have a fractional part seconds, microseconds = seconds.split('.') else: microseconds = '0' return datetime.time(int(hour), int(minutes), int(seconds), int(float('.'+microseconds) * 1000000)) def typecast_timestamp(s): # does NOT store time zone information # "2005-07-29 15:48:00.590358-05" # "2005-07-29 09:56:00-05" if not s: return None if not ' ' in s: return typecast_date(s) d, t = s.split() # Extract timezone information, if it exists. Currently we just throw # it away, but in the future we may make use of it. if '-' in t: t, tz = t.split('-', 1) tz = '-' + tz elif '+' in t: t, tz = t.split('+', 1) tz = '+' + tz else: tz = '' dates = d.split('-') times = t.split(':') seconds = times[2] if '.' in seconds: # check whether seconds have a fractional part seconds, microseconds = seconds.split('.') else: microseconds = '0' return datetime.datetime(int(dates[0]), int(dates[1]), int(dates[2]), int(times[0]), int(times[1]), int(seconds), int((microseconds + '000000')[:6])) def typecast_boolean(s): if s is None: return None if not s: return False return str(s)[0].lower() == 't' def typecast_decimal(s): if s is None or s == '': return None return decimal.Decimal(s) ############################################### # Converters from Python to database (string) # ############################################### def rev_typecast_boolean(obj, d): return obj and '1' or '0' def rev_typecast_decimal(d): if d is None: return None return str(d) def truncate_name(name, length=None, hash_len=4): """Shortens a string to a repeatable mangled version with the given length. """ if length is None or len(name) <= length: return name hash = md5_constructor(name).hexdigest()[:hash_len] return '%s%s' % (name[:length-hash_len], hash) def format_number(value, max_digits, decimal_places): """ Formats a number into a string with the requisite number of digits and decimal places. """ if isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal): context = decimal.getcontext().copy() context.prec = max_digits return u'%s' % str(value.quantize(decimal.Decimal(".1") ** decimal_places, context=context)) else: return u"%.*f" % (decimal_places, value)
Python
import re from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseIntrospection # This light wrapper "fakes" a dictionary interface, because some SQLite data # types include variables in them -- e.g. "varchar(30)" -- and can't be matched # as a simple dictionary lookup. class FlexibleFieldLookupDict(object): # Maps SQL types to Django Field types. Some of the SQL types have multiple # entries here because SQLite allows for anything and doesn't normalize the # field type; it uses whatever was given. base_data_types_reverse = { 'bool': 'BooleanField', 'boolean': 'BooleanField', 'smallint': 'SmallIntegerField', 'smallint unsigned': 'PositiveSmallIntegerField', 'smallinteger': 'SmallIntegerField', 'int': 'IntegerField', 'integer': 'IntegerField', 'bigint': 'BigIntegerField', 'integer unsigned': 'PositiveIntegerField', 'decimal': 'DecimalField', 'real': 'FloatField', 'text': 'TextField', 'char': 'CharField', 'date': 'DateField', 'datetime': 'DateTimeField', 'time': 'TimeField', } def __getitem__(self, key): key = key.lower() try: return self.base_data_types_reverse[key] except KeyError: import re m = re.search(r'^\s*(?:var)?char\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)\s*$', key) if m: return ('CharField', {'max_length': int(m.group(1))}) raise KeyError class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection): data_types_reverse = FlexibleFieldLookupDict() def get_table_list(self, cursor): "Returns a list of table names in the current database." # Skip the sqlite_sequence system table used for autoincrement key # generation. cursor.execute(""" SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND NOT name='sqlite_sequence' ORDER BY name""") return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()] def get_table_description(self, cursor, table_name): "Returns a description of the table, with the DB-API cursor.description interface." return [(info['name'], info['type'], None, None, None, None, info['null_ok']) for info in self._table_info(cursor, table_name)] def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_index: (field_index_other_table, other_table)} representing all relationships to the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ # Dictionary of relations to return relations = {} # Schema for this table cursor.execute("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = %s AND type = %s", [table_name, "table"]) results = cursor.fetchone()[0].strip() results = results[results.index('(')+1:results.rindex(')')] # Walk through and look for references to other tables. SQLite doesn't # really have enforced references, but since it echoes out the SQL used # to create the table we can look for REFERENCES statements used there. for field_index, field_desc in enumerate(results.split(',')): field_desc = field_desc.strip() if field_desc.startswith("UNIQUE"): continue m = re.search('references (.*) \(["|](.*)["|]\)', field_desc, re.I) if not m: continue table, column = [s.strip('"') for s in m.groups()] cursor.execute("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = %s", [table]) result = cursor.fetchall()[0] other_table_results = result[0].strip() li, ri = other_table_results.index('('), other_table_results.rindex(')') other_table_results = other_table_results[li+1:ri] for other_index, other_desc in enumerate(other_table_results.split(',')): other_desc = other_desc.strip() if other_desc.startswith('UNIQUE'): continue name = other_desc.split(' ', 1)[0].strip('"') if name == column: relations[field_index] = (other_index, table) break return relations def get_indexes(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of fieldname -> infodict for the given table, where each infodict is in the format: {'primary_key': boolean representing whether it's the primary key, 'unique': boolean representing whether it's a unique index} """ indexes = {} for info in self._table_info(cursor, table_name): indexes[info['name']] = {'primary_key': info['pk'] != 0, 'unique': False} cursor.execute('PRAGMA index_list(%s)' % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) # seq, name, unique for index, unique in [(field[1], field[2]) for field in cursor.fetchall()]: if not unique: continue cursor.execute('PRAGMA index_info(%s)' % self.connection.ops.quote_name(index)) info = cursor.fetchall() # Skip indexes across multiple fields if len(info) != 1: continue name = info[0][2] # seqno, cid, name indexes[name]['unique'] = True return indexes def _table_info(self, cursor, name): cursor.execute('PRAGMA table_info(%s)' % self.connection.ops.quote_name(name)) # cid, name, type, notnull, dflt_value, pk return [{'name': field[1], 'type': field[2], 'null_ok': not field[3], 'pk': field[5] # undocumented } for field in cursor.fetchall()]
Python
import os import sys from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseClient class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient): executable_name = 'sqlite3' def runshell(self): args = [self.executable_name, self.connection.settings_dict['NAME']] if os.name == 'nt': sys.exit(os.system(" ".join(args))) else: os.execvp(self.executable_name, args)
Python
import os import sys from django.db.backends.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation): # SQLite doesn't actually support most of these types, but it "does the right # thing" given more verbose field definitions, so leave them as is so that # schema inspection is more useful. data_types = { 'AutoField': 'integer', 'BooleanField': 'bool', 'CharField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'CommaSeparatedIntegerField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'DateField': 'date', 'DateTimeField': 'datetime', 'DecimalField': 'decimal', 'FileField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FilePathField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'FloatField': 'real', 'IntegerField': 'integer', 'BigIntegerField': 'bigint', 'IPAddressField': 'char(15)', 'NullBooleanField': 'bool', 'OneToOneField': 'integer', 'PositiveIntegerField': 'integer unsigned', 'PositiveSmallIntegerField': 'smallint unsigned', 'SlugField': 'varchar(%(max_length)s)', 'SmallIntegerField': 'smallint', 'TextField': 'text', 'TimeField': 'time', } def sql_for_pending_references(self, model, style, pending_references): "SQLite3 doesn't support constraints" return [] def sql_remove_table_constraints(self, model, references_to_delete, style): "SQLite3 doesn't support constraints" return [] def _get_test_db_name(self): test_database_name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_NAME'] if test_database_name and test_database_name != ':memory:': return test_database_name return ':memory:' def _create_test_db(self, verbosity, autoclobber): test_database_name = self._get_test_db_name() if test_database_name != ':memory:': # Erase the old test database if verbosity >= 1: print "Destroying old test database '%s'..." % self.connection.alias if os.access(test_database_name, os.F_OK): if not autoclobber: confirm = raw_input("Type 'yes' if you would like to try deleting the test database '%s', or 'no' to cancel: " % test_database_name) if autoclobber or confirm == 'yes': try: os.remove(test_database_name) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error deleting the old test database: %s\n" % e) sys.exit(2) else: print "Tests cancelled." sys.exit(1) return test_database_name def _destroy_test_db(self, test_database_name, verbosity): if test_database_name and test_database_name != ":memory:": # Remove the SQLite database file os.remove(test_database_name)
Python
""" SQLite3 backend for django. Python 2.4 requires pysqlite2 (http://pysqlite.org/). Python 2.5 and later can use a pysqlite2 module or the sqlite3 module in the standard library. """ import re import sys import datetime from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.sqlite3.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.sqlite3.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.sqlite3.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.utils.safestring import SafeString try: try: from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as Database except ImportError, e1: from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as Database except ImportError, exc: import sys from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured if sys.version_info < (2, 5, 0): module = 'pysqlite2 module' exc = e1 else: module = 'either pysqlite2 or sqlite3 modules (tried in that order)' raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading %s: %s" % (module, exc)) DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError Database.register_converter("bool", lambda s: str(s) == '1') Database.register_converter("time", util.typecast_time) Database.register_converter("date", util.typecast_date) Database.register_converter("datetime", util.typecast_timestamp) Database.register_converter("timestamp", util.typecast_timestamp) Database.register_converter("TIMESTAMP", util.typecast_timestamp) Database.register_converter("decimal", util.typecast_decimal) Database.register_adapter(decimal.Decimal, util.rev_typecast_decimal) if Database.version_info >= (2,4,1): # Starting in 2.4.1, the str type is not accepted anymore, therefore, # we convert all str objects to Unicode # As registering a adapter for a primitive type causes a small # slow-down, this adapter is only registered for sqlite3 versions # needing it. Database.register_adapter(str, lambda s:s.decode('utf-8')) Database.register_adapter(SafeString, lambda s:s.decode('utf-8')) class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): # SQLite cannot handle us only partially reading from a cursor's result set # and then writing the same rows to the database in another cursor. This # setting ensures we always read result sets fully into memory all in one # go. can_use_chunked_reads = False test_db_allows_multiple_connections = False supports_unspecified_pk = True supports_1000_query_parameters = False supports_mixed_date_datetime_comparisons = False def _supports_stddev(self): """Confirm support for STDDEV and related stats functions SQLite supports STDDEV as an extension package; so connection.ops.check_aggregate_support() can't unilaterally rule out support for STDDEV. We need to manually check whether the call works. """ cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE STDDEV_TEST (X INT)') try: cursor.execute('SELECT STDDEV(*) FROM STDDEV_TEST') has_support = True except utils.DatabaseError: has_support = False cursor.execute('DROP TABLE STDDEV_TEST') return has_support class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # sqlite doesn't support extract, so we fake it with the user-defined # function django_extract that's registered in connect(). Note that # single quotes are used because this is a string (and could otherwise # cause a collision with a field name). return "django_extract('%s', %s)" % (lookup_type.lower(), field_name) def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): # It would be more straightforward if we could use the sqlite strftime # function, but it does not allow for keeping six digits of fractional # second information, nor does it allow for formatting date and datetime # values differently. So instead we register our own function that # formats the datetime combined with the delta in a manner suitable # for comparisons. return u'django_format_dtdelta(%s, "%s", "%d", "%d", "%d")' % (sql, connector, timedelta.days, timedelta.seconds, timedelta.microseconds) def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # sqlite doesn't support DATE_TRUNC, so we fake it with a user-defined # function django_date_trunc that's registered in connect(). Note that # single quotes are used because this is a string (and could otherwise # cause a collision with a field name). return "django_date_trunc('%s', %s)" % (lookup_type.lower(), field_name) def drop_foreignkey_sql(self): return "" def pk_default_value(self): return 'NULL' def quote_name(self, name): if name.startswith('"') and name.endswith('"'): return name # Quoting once is enough. return '"%s"' % name def no_limit_value(self): return -1 def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): # NB: The generated SQL below is specific to SQLite # Note: The DELETE FROM... SQL generated below works for SQLite databases # because constraints don't exist sql = ['%s %s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DELETE'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)) ) for table in tables] # Note: No requirement for reset of auto-incremented indices (cf. other # sql_flush() implementations). Just return SQL at this point return sql def year_lookup_bounds(self, value): first = '%s-01-01' second = '%s-12-31 23:59:59.999999' return [first % value, second % value] def convert_values(self, value, field): """SQLite returns floats when it should be returning decimals, and gets dates and datetimes wrong. For consistency with other backends, coerce when required. """ internal_type = field.get_internal_type() if internal_type == 'DecimalField': return util.typecast_decimal(field.format_number(value)) elif internal_type and internal_type.endswith('IntegerField') or internal_type == 'AutoField': return int(value) elif internal_type == 'DateField': return util.typecast_date(value) elif internal_type == 'DateTimeField': return util.typecast_timestamp(value) elif internal_type == 'TimeField': return util.typecast_time(value) # No field, or the field isn't known to be a decimal or integer return value class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'sqlite' # SQLite requires LIKE statements to include an ESCAPE clause if the value # being escaped has a percent or underscore in it. # See http://www.sqlite.org/lang_expr.html for an explanation. operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'contains': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'icontains': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'regex': 'REGEXP %s', 'iregex': "REGEXP '(?i)' || %s", 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'endswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'istartswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'iendswith': "LIKE %s ESCAPE '\\'", } def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) self.ops = DatabaseOperations() self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self) def _cursor(self): if self.connection is None: settings_dict = self.settings_dict if not settings_dict['NAME']: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Please fill out the database NAME in the settings module before using the database.") kwargs = { 'database': settings_dict['NAME'], 'detect_types': Database.PARSE_DECLTYPES | Database.PARSE_COLNAMES, } kwargs.update(settings_dict['OPTIONS']) self.connection = Database.connect(**kwargs) # Register extract, date_trunc, and regexp functions. self.connection.create_function("django_extract", 2, _sqlite_extract) self.connection.create_function("django_date_trunc", 2, _sqlite_date_trunc) self.connection.create_function("regexp", 2, _sqlite_regexp) self.connection.create_function("django_format_dtdelta", 5, _sqlite_format_dtdelta) connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) return self.connection.cursor(factory=SQLiteCursorWrapper) def close(self): # If database is in memory, closing the connection destroys the # database. To prevent accidental data loss, ignore close requests on # an in-memory db. if self.settings_dict['NAME'] != ":memory:": super(DatabaseWrapper, self).close() FORMAT_QMARK_REGEX = re.compile(r'(?<!%)%s') class SQLiteCursorWrapper(Database.Cursor): """ Django uses "format" style placeholders, but pysqlite2 uses "qmark" style. This fixes it -- but note that if you want to use a literal "%s" in a query, you'll need to use "%%s". """ def execute(self, query, params=()): query = self.convert_query(query) try: return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def executemany(self, query, param_list): query = self.convert_query(query) try: return Database.Cursor.executemany(self, query, param_list) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def convert_query(self, query): return FORMAT_QMARK_REGEX.sub('?', query).replace('%%','%') def _sqlite_extract(lookup_type, dt): if dt is None: return None try: dt = util.typecast_timestamp(dt) except (ValueError, TypeError): return None if lookup_type == 'week_day': return (dt.isoweekday() % 7) + 1 else: return getattr(dt, lookup_type) def _sqlite_date_trunc(lookup_type, dt): try: dt = util.typecast_timestamp(dt) except (ValueError, TypeError): return None if lookup_type == 'year': return "%i-01-01 00:00:00" % dt.year elif lookup_type == 'month': return "%i-%02i-01 00:00:00" % (dt.year, dt.month) elif lookup_type == 'day': return "%i-%02i-%02i 00:00:00" % (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day) def _sqlite_format_dtdelta(dt, conn, days, secs, usecs): try: dt = util.typecast_timestamp(dt) delta = datetime.timedelta(int(days), int(secs), int(usecs)) if conn.strip() == '+': dt = dt + delta else: dt = dt - delta except (ValueError, TypeError): return None if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime): rv = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if dt.microsecond: rv = "%s.%0.6d" % (rv, dt.microsecond) else: rv = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") return rv def _sqlite_regexp(re_pattern, re_string): import re try: return bool(re.search(re_pattern, re_string)) except: return False
Python
import decimal try: import thread except ImportError: import dummy_thread as thread from threading import local from django.conf import settings from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS from django.db.backends import util from django.db.transaction import TransactionManagementError from django.utils import datetime_safe from django.utils.importlib import import_module class BaseDatabaseWrapper(local): """ Represents a database connection. """ ops = None vendor = 'unknown' def __init__(self, settings_dict, alias=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS): # `settings_dict` should be a dictionary containing keys such as # NAME, USER, etc. It's called `settings_dict` instead of `settings` # to disambiguate it from Django settings modules. self.connection = None self.queries = [] self.settings_dict = settings_dict self.alias = alias self.use_debug_cursor = None # Transaction related attributes self.transaction_state = [] self.savepoint_state = 0 self._dirty = None def __eq__(self, other): return self.alias == other.alias def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other def _commit(self): if self.connection is not None: return self.connection.commit() def _rollback(self): if self.connection is not None: return self.connection.rollback() def _enter_transaction_management(self, managed): """ A hook for backend-specific changes required when entering manual transaction handling. """ pass def _leave_transaction_management(self, managed): """ A hook for backend-specific changes required when leaving manual transaction handling. Will usually be implemented only when _enter_transaction_management() is also required. """ pass def _savepoint(self, sid): if not self.features.uses_savepoints: return self.cursor().execute(self.ops.savepoint_create_sql(sid)) def _savepoint_rollback(self, sid): if not self.features.uses_savepoints: return self.cursor().execute(self.ops.savepoint_rollback_sql(sid)) def _savepoint_commit(self, sid): if not self.features.uses_savepoints: return self.cursor().execute(self.ops.savepoint_commit_sql(sid)) def enter_transaction_management(self, managed=True): """ Enters transaction management for a running thread. It must be balanced with the appropriate leave_transaction_management call, since the actual state is managed as a stack. The state and dirty flag are carried over from the surrounding block or from the settings, if there is no surrounding block (dirty is always false when no current block is running). """ if self.transaction_state: self.transaction_state.append(self.transaction_state[-1]) else: self.transaction_state.append(settings.TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED) if self._dirty is None: self._dirty = False self._enter_transaction_management(managed) def leave_transaction_management(self): """ Leaves transaction management for a running thread. A dirty flag is carried over to the surrounding block, as a commit will commit all changes, even those from outside. (Commits are on connection level.) """ self._leave_transaction_management(self.is_managed()) if self.transaction_state: del self.transaction_state[-1] else: raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction " "management") if self._dirty: self.rollback() raise TransactionManagementError("Transaction managed block ended with " "pending COMMIT/ROLLBACK") self._dirty = False def is_dirty(self): """ Returns True if the current transaction requires a commit for changes to happen. """ return self._dirty def set_dirty(self): """ Sets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether there are open changes waiting for commit. """ if self._dirty is not None: self._dirty = True else: raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction " "management") def set_clean(self): """ Resets a dirty flag for the current thread and code streak. This can be used to decide in a managed block of code to decide whether a commit or rollback should happen. """ if self._dirty is not None: self._dirty = False else: raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction management") self.clean_savepoints() def clean_savepoints(self): self.savepoint_state = 0 def is_managed(self): """ Checks whether the transaction manager is in manual or in auto state. """ if self.transaction_state: return self.transaction_state[-1] return settings.TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED def managed(self, flag=True): """ Puts the transaction manager into a manual state: managed transactions have to be committed explicitly by the user. If you switch off transaction management and there is a pending commit/rollback, the data will be commited. """ top = self.transaction_state if top: top[-1] = flag if not flag and self.is_dirty(): self._commit() self.set_clean() else: raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction " "management") def commit_unless_managed(self): """ Commits changes if the system is not in managed transaction mode. """ if not self.is_managed(): self._commit() self.clean_savepoints() else: self.set_dirty() def rollback_unless_managed(self): """ Rolls back changes if the system is not in managed transaction mode. """ if not self.is_managed(): self._rollback() else: self.set_dirty() def commit(self): """ Does the commit itself and resets the dirty flag. """ self._commit() self.set_clean() def rollback(self): """ This function does the rollback itself and resets the dirty flag. """ self._rollback() self.set_clean() def savepoint(self): """ Creates a savepoint (if supported and required by the backend) inside the current transaction. Returns an identifier for the savepoint that will be used for the subsequent rollback or commit. """ thread_ident = thread.get_ident() self.savepoint_state += 1 tid = str(thread_ident).replace('-', '') sid = "s%s_x%d" % (tid, self.savepoint_state) self._savepoint(sid) return sid def savepoint_rollback(self, sid): """ Rolls back the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if savepoints are not supported. """ if self.savepoint_state: self._savepoint_rollback(sid) def savepoint_commit(self, sid): """ Commits the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Does nothing if savepoints are not supported. """ if self.savepoint_state: self._savepoint_commit(sid) def close(self): if self.connection is not None: self.connection.close() self.connection = None def cursor(self): if (self.use_debug_cursor or (self.use_debug_cursor is None and settings.DEBUG)): cursor = self.make_debug_cursor(self._cursor()) else: cursor = util.CursorWrapper(self._cursor(), self) return cursor def make_debug_cursor(self, cursor): return util.CursorDebugWrapper(cursor, self) class BaseDatabaseFeatures(object): allows_group_by_pk = False # True if django.db.backend.utils.typecast_timestamp is used on values # returned from dates() calls. needs_datetime_string_cast = True empty_fetchmany_value = [] update_can_self_select = True # Does the backend distinguish between '' and None? interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls = False # Does the backend allow inserting duplicate rows when a unique_together # constraint exists, but one of the unique_together columns is NULL? ignores_nulls_in_unique_constraints = True can_use_chunked_reads = True can_return_id_from_insert = False uses_autocommit = False uses_savepoints = False # If True, don't use integer foreign keys referring to, e.g., positive # integer primary keys. related_fields_match_type = False allow_sliced_subqueries = True supports_joins = True distinguishes_insert_from_update = True supports_deleting_related_objects = True supports_select_related = True # Does the default test database allow multiple connections? # Usually an indication that the test database is in-memory test_db_allows_multiple_connections = True # Can an object be saved without an explicit primary key? supports_unspecified_pk = False # Can a fixture contain forward references? i.e., are # FK constraints checked at the end of transaction, or # at the end of each save operation? supports_forward_references = True # Does a dirty transaction need to be rolled back # before the cursor can be used again? requires_rollback_on_dirty_transaction = False # Does the backend allow very long model names without error? supports_long_model_names = True # Is there a REAL datatype in addition to floats/doubles? has_real_datatype = False supports_subqueries_in_group_by = True supports_bitwise_or = True # Do time/datetime fields have microsecond precision? supports_microsecond_precision = True # Does the __regex lookup support backreferencing and grouping? supports_regex_backreferencing = True # Can date/datetime lookups be performed using a string? supports_date_lookup_using_string = True # Can datetimes with timezones be used? supports_timezones = True # When performing a GROUP BY, is an ORDER BY NULL required # to remove any ordering? requires_explicit_null_ordering_when_grouping = False # Is there a 1000 item limit on query parameters? supports_1000_query_parameters = True # Can an object have a primary key of 0? MySQL says No. allows_primary_key_0 = True # Do we need to NULL a ForeignKey out, or can the constraint check be # deferred can_defer_constraint_checks = False # date_interval_sql can properly handle mixed Date/DateTime fields and timedeltas supports_mixed_date_datetime_comparisons = True # Features that need to be confirmed at runtime # Cache whether the confirmation has been performed. _confirmed = False supports_transactions = None supports_stddev = None can_introspect_foreign_keys = None def __init__(self, connection): self.connection = connection def confirm(self): "Perform manual checks of any database features that might vary between installs" self._confirmed = True self.supports_transactions = self._supports_transactions() self.supports_stddev = self._supports_stddev() self.can_introspect_foreign_keys = self._can_introspect_foreign_keys() def _supports_transactions(self): "Confirm support for transactions" cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE ROLLBACK_TEST (X INT)') self.connection._commit() cursor.execute('INSERT INTO ROLLBACK_TEST (X) VALUES (8)') self.connection._rollback() cursor.execute('SELECT COUNT(X) FROM ROLLBACK_TEST') count, = cursor.fetchone() cursor.execute('DROP TABLE ROLLBACK_TEST') self.connection._commit() return count == 0 def _supports_stddev(self): "Confirm support for STDDEV and related stats functions" class StdDevPop(object): sql_function = 'STDDEV_POP' try: self.connection.ops.check_aggregate_support(StdDevPop()) except NotImplementedError: self.supports_stddev = False def _can_introspect_foreign_keys(self): "Confirm support for introspected foreign keys" # Every database can do this reliably, except MySQL, # which can't do it for MyISAM tables return True class BaseDatabaseOperations(object): """ This class encapsulates all backend-specific differences, such as the way a backend performs ordering or calculates the ID of a recently-inserted row. """ compiler_module = "django.db.models.sql.compiler" def __init__(self): self._cache = None def autoinc_sql(self, table, column): """ Returns any SQL needed to support auto-incrementing primary keys, or None if no SQL is necessary. This SQL is executed when a table is created. """ return None def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): """ Given a lookup_type of 'year', 'month' or 'day', returns the SQL that extracts a value from the given date field field_name. """ raise NotImplementedError() def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): """ Implements the date interval functionality for expressions """ raise NotImplementedError() def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): """ Given a lookup_type of 'year', 'month' or 'day', returns the SQL that truncates the given date field field_name to a DATE object with only the given specificity. """ raise NotImplementedError() def datetime_cast_sql(self): """ Returns the SQL necessary to cast a datetime value so that it will be retrieved as a Python datetime object instead of a string. This SQL should include a '%s' in place of the field's name. """ return "%s" def deferrable_sql(self): """ Returns the SQL necessary to make a constraint "initially deferred" during a CREATE TABLE statement. """ return '' def drop_foreignkey_sql(self): """ Returns the SQL command that drops a foreign key. """ return "DROP CONSTRAINT" def drop_sequence_sql(self, table): """ Returns any SQL necessary to drop the sequence for the given table. Returns None if no SQL is necessary. """ return None def fetch_returned_insert_id(self, cursor): """ Given a cursor object that has just performed an INSERT...RETURNING statement into a table that has an auto-incrementing ID, returns the newly created ID. """ return cursor.fetchone()[0] def field_cast_sql(self, db_type): """ Given a column type (e.g. 'BLOB', 'VARCHAR'), returns the SQL necessary to cast it before using it in a WHERE statement. Note that the resulting string should contain a '%s' placeholder for the column being searched against. """ return '%s' def force_no_ordering(self): """ Returns a list used in the "ORDER BY" clause to force no ordering at all. Returning an empty list means that nothing will be included in the ordering. """ return [] def fulltext_search_sql(self, field_name): """ Returns the SQL WHERE clause to use in order to perform a full-text search of the given field_name. Note that the resulting string should contain a '%s' placeholder for the value being searched against. """ raise NotImplementedError('Full-text search is not implemented for this database backend') def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params): """ Returns a string of the query last executed by the given cursor, with placeholders replaced with actual values. `sql` is the raw query containing placeholders, and `params` is the sequence of parameters. These are used by default, but this method exists for database backends to provide a better implementation according to their own quoting schemes. """ from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode, force_unicode # Convert params to contain Unicode values. to_unicode = lambda s: force_unicode(s, strings_only=True, errors='replace') if isinstance(params, (list, tuple)): u_params = tuple([to_unicode(val) for val in params]) else: u_params = dict([(to_unicode(k), to_unicode(v)) for k, v in params.items()]) return smart_unicode(sql) % u_params def last_insert_id(self, cursor, table_name, pk_name): """ Given a cursor object that has just performed an INSERT statement into a table that has an auto-incrementing ID, returns the newly created ID. This method also receives the table name and the name of the primary-key column. """ return cursor.lastrowid def lookup_cast(self, lookup_type): """ Returns the string to use in a query when performing lookups ("contains", "like", etc). The resulting string should contain a '%s' placeholder for the column being searched against. """ return "%s" def max_in_list_size(self): """ Returns the maximum number of items that can be passed in a single 'IN' list condition, or None if the backend does not impose a limit. """ return None def max_name_length(self): """ Returns the maximum length of table and column names, or None if there is no limit. """ return None def no_limit_value(self): """ Returns the value to use for the LIMIT when we are wanting "LIMIT infinity". Returns None if the limit clause can be omitted in this case. """ raise NotImplementedError def pk_default_value(self): """ Returns the value to use during an INSERT statement to specify that the field should use its default value. """ return 'DEFAULT' def process_clob(self, value): """ Returns the value of a CLOB column, for backends that return a locator object that requires additional processing. """ return value def return_insert_id(self): """ For backends that support returning the last insert ID as part of an insert query, this method returns the SQL and params to append to the INSERT query. The returned fragment should contain a format string to hold the appropriate column. """ pass def compiler(self, compiler_name): """ Returns the SQLCompiler class corresponding to the given name, in the namespace corresponding to the `compiler_module` attribute on this backend. """ if self._cache is None: self._cache = import_module(self.compiler_module) return getattr(self._cache, compiler_name) def quote_name(self, name): """ Returns a quoted version of the given table, index or column name. Does not quote the given name if it's already been quoted. """ raise NotImplementedError() def random_function_sql(self): """ Returns a SQL expression that returns a random value. """ return 'RANDOM()' def regex_lookup(self, lookup_type): """ Returns the string to use in a query when performing regular expression lookups (using "regex" or "iregex"). The resulting string should contain a '%s' placeholder for the column being searched against. If the feature is not supported (or part of it is not supported), a NotImplementedError exception can be raised. """ raise NotImplementedError def savepoint_create_sql(self, sid): """ Returns the SQL for starting a new savepoint. Only required if the "uses_savepoints" feature is True. The "sid" parameter is a string for the savepoint id. """ raise NotImplementedError def savepoint_commit_sql(self, sid): """ Returns the SQL for committing the given savepoint. """ raise NotImplementedError def savepoint_rollback_sql(self, sid): """ Returns the SQL for rolling back the given savepoint. """ raise NotImplementedError def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): """ Returns a list of SQL statements required to remove all data from the given database tables (without actually removing the tables themselves). The `style` argument is a Style object as returned by either color_style() or no_style() in django.core.management.color. """ raise NotImplementedError() def sequence_reset_sql(self, style, model_list): """ Returns a list of the SQL statements required to reset sequences for the given models. The `style` argument is a Style object as returned by either color_style() or no_style() in django.core.management.color. """ return [] # No sequence reset required by default. def start_transaction_sql(self): """ Returns the SQL statement required to start a transaction. """ return "BEGIN;" def end_transaction_sql(self, success=True): if not success: return "ROLLBACK;" return "COMMIT;" def tablespace_sql(self, tablespace, inline=False): """ Returns the SQL that will be appended to tables or rows to define a tablespace. Returns '' if the backend doesn't use tablespaces. """ return '' def prep_for_like_query(self, x): """Prepares a value for use in a LIKE query.""" from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode return smart_unicode(x).replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("%", "\%").replace("_", "\_") # Same as prep_for_like_query(), but called for "iexact" matches, which # need not necessarily be implemented using "LIKE" in the backend. prep_for_iexact_query = prep_for_like_query def value_to_db_auto(self, value): """ Transform an AutoField value to an object compatible with what is expected by the backend driver for automatic keys. """ if value is None: return None return int(value) def value_to_db_date(self, value): """ Transform a date value to an object compatible with what is expected by the backend driver for date columns. """ if value is None: return None return datetime_safe.new_date(value).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') def value_to_db_datetime(self, value): """ Transform a datetime value to an object compatible with what is expected by the backend driver for datetime columns. """ if value is None: return None return unicode(value) def value_to_db_time(self, value): """ Transform a datetime value to an object compatible with what is expected by the backend driver for time columns. """ if value is None: return None return unicode(value) def value_to_db_decimal(self, value, max_digits, decimal_places): """ Transform a decimal.Decimal value to an object compatible with what is expected by the backend driver for decimal (numeric) columns. """ if value is None: return None return util.format_number(value, max_digits, decimal_places) def year_lookup_bounds(self, value): """ Returns a two-elements list with the lower and upper bound to be used with a BETWEEN operator to query a field value using a year lookup `value` is an int, containing the looked-up year. """ first = '%s-01-01 00:00:00' second = '%s-12-31 23:59:59.999999' return [first % value, second % value] def year_lookup_bounds_for_date_field(self, value): """ Returns a two-elements list with the lower and upper bound to be used with a BETWEEN operator to query a DateField value using a year lookup `value` is an int, containing the looked-up year. By default, it just calls `self.year_lookup_bounds`. Some backends need this hook because on their DB date fields can't be compared to values which include a time part. """ return self.year_lookup_bounds(value) def convert_values(self, value, field): """Coerce the value returned by the database backend into a consistent type that is compatible with the field type. """ internal_type = field.get_internal_type() if internal_type == 'DecimalField': return value elif internal_type and internal_type.endswith('IntegerField') or internal_type == 'AutoField': return int(value) elif internal_type in ('DateField', 'DateTimeField', 'TimeField'): return value # No field, or the field isn't known to be a decimal or integer # Default to a float return float(value) def check_aggregate_support(self, aggregate_func): """Check that the backend supports the provided aggregate This is used on specific backends to rule out known aggregates that are known to have faulty implementations. If the named aggregate function has a known problem, the backend should raise NotImplemented. """ pass def combine_expression(self, connector, sub_expressions): """Combine a list of subexpressions into a single expression, using the provided connecting operator. This is required because operators can vary between backends (e.g., Oracle with %% and &) and between subexpression types (e.g., date expressions) """ conn = ' %s ' % connector return conn.join(sub_expressions) class BaseDatabaseIntrospection(object): """ This class encapsulates all backend-specific introspection utilities """ data_types_reverse = {} def __init__(self, connection): self.connection = connection def get_field_type(self, data_type, description): """Hook for a database backend to use the cursor description to match a Django field type to a database column. For Oracle, the column data_type on its own is insufficient to distinguish between a FloatField and IntegerField, for example.""" return self.data_types_reverse[data_type] def table_name_converter(self, name): """Apply a conversion to the name for the purposes of comparison. The default table name converter is for case sensitive comparison. """ return name def table_names(self): "Returns a list of names of all tables that exist in the database." cursor = self.connection.cursor() return self.get_table_list(cursor) def django_table_names(self, only_existing=False): """ Returns a list of all table names that have associated Django models and are in INSTALLED_APPS. If only_existing is True, the resulting list will only include the tables that actually exist in the database. """ from django.db import models, router tables = set() for app in models.get_apps(): for model in models.get_models(app): if not model._meta.managed: continue if not router.allow_syncdb(self.connection.alias, model): continue tables.add(model._meta.db_table) tables.update([f.m2m_db_table() for f in model._meta.local_many_to_many]) if only_existing: existing_tables = self.table_names() tables = [ t for t in tables if self.table_name_converter(t) in existing_tables ] return tables def installed_models(self, tables): "Returns a set of all models represented by the provided list of table names." from django.db import models, router all_models = [] for app in models.get_apps(): for model in models.get_models(app): if router.allow_syncdb(self.connection.alias, model): all_models.append(model) tables = map(self.table_name_converter, tables) return set([ m for m in all_models if self.table_name_converter(m._meta.db_table) in tables ]) def sequence_list(self): "Returns a list of information about all DB sequences for all models in all apps." from django.db import models, router apps = models.get_apps() sequence_list = [] for app in apps: for model in models.get_models(app): if not model._meta.managed: continue if not router.allow_syncdb(self.connection.alias, model): continue for f in model._meta.local_fields: if isinstance(f, models.AutoField): sequence_list.append({'table': model._meta.db_table, 'column': f.column}) break # Only one AutoField is allowed per model, so don't bother continuing. for f in model._meta.local_many_to_many: # If this is an m2m using an intermediate table, # we don't need to reset the sequence. if f.rel.through is None: sequence_list.append({'table': f.m2m_db_table(), 'column': None}) return sequence_list class BaseDatabaseClient(object): """ This class encapsulates all backend-specific methods for opening a client shell. """ # This should be a string representing the name of the executable # (e.g., "psql"). Subclasses must override this. executable_name = None def __init__(self, connection): # connection is an instance of BaseDatabaseWrapper. self.connection = connection def runshell(self): raise NotImplementedError() class BaseDatabaseValidation(object): """ This class encapsualtes all backend-specific model validation. """ def __init__(self, connection): self.connection = connection def validate_field(self, errors, opts, f): "By default, there is no backend-specific validation" pass
Python
from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseIntrospection import cx_Oracle import re foreign_key_re = re.compile(r"\sCONSTRAINT `[^`]*` FOREIGN KEY \(`([^`]*)`\) REFERENCES `([^`]*)` \(`([^`]*)`\)") class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection): # Maps type objects to Django Field types. data_types_reverse = { cx_Oracle.CLOB: 'TextField', cx_Oracle.DATETIME: 'DateField', cx_Oracle.FIXED_CHAR: 'CharField', cx_Oracle.NCLOB: 'TextField', cx_Oracle.NUMBER: 'DecimalField', cx_Oracle.STRING: 'CharField', cx_Oracle.TIMESTAMP: 'DateTimeField', } try: data_types_reverse[cx_Oracle.NATIVE_FLOAT] = 'FloatField' except AttributeError: pass try: data_types_reverse[cx_Oracle.UNICODE] = 'CharField' except AttributeError: pass def get_field_type(self, data_type, description): # If it's a NUMBER with scale == 0, consider it an IntegerField if data_type == cx_Oracle.NUMBER and description[5] == 0: if description[4] > 11: return 'BigIntegerField' else: return 'IntegerField' else: return super(DatabaseIntrospection, self).get_field_type( data_type, description) def get_table_list(self, cursor): "Returns a list of table names in the current database." cursor.execute("SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM USER_TABLES") return [row[0].lower() for row in cursor.fetchall()] def get_table_description(self, cursor, table_name): "Returns a description of the table, with the DB-API cursor.description interface." cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE ROWNUM < 2" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name)) description = [] for desc in cursor.description: description.append((desc[0].lower(),) + desc[1:]) return description def table_name_converter(self, name): "Table name comparison is case insensitive under Oracle" return name.lower() def _name_to_index(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_name: field_index} for the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ return dict([(d[0], i) for i, d in enumerate(self.get_table_description(cursor, table_name))]) def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of {field_index: (field_index_other_table, other_table)} representing all relationships to the given table. Indexes are 0-based. """ table_name = table_name.upper() cursor.execute(""" SELECT ta.column_id - 1, tb.table_name, tb.column_id - 1 FROM user_constraints, USER_CONS_COLUMNS ca, USER_CONS_COLUMNS cb, user_tab_cols ta, user_tab_cols tb WHERE user_constraints.table_name = %s AND ta.table_name = %s AND ta.column_name = ca.column_name AND ca.table_name = %s AND user_constraints.constraint_name = ca.constraint_name AND user_constraints.r_constraint_name = cb.constraint_name AND cb.table_name = tb.table_name AND cb.column_name = tb.column_name AND ca.position = cb.position""", [table_name, table_name, table_name]) relations = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): relations[row[0]] = (row[2], row[1].lower()) return relations def get_indexes(self, cursor, table_name): """ Returns a dictionary of fieldname -> infodict for the given table, where each infodict is in the format: {'primary_key': boolean representing whether it's the primary key, 'unique': boolean representing whether it's a unique index} """ # This query retrieves each index on the given table, including the # first associated field name # "We were in the nick of time; you were in great peril!" sql = """\ SELECT LOWER(all_tab_cols.column_name) AS column_name, CASE user_constraints.constraint_type WHEN 'P' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS is_primary_key, CASE user_indexes.uniqueness WHEN 'UNIQUE' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS is_unique FROM all_tab_cols, user_cons_columns, user_constraints, user_ind_columns, user_indexes WHERE all_tab_cols.column_name = user_cons_columns.column_name (+) AND all_tab_cols.table_name = user_cons_columns.table_name (+) AND user_cons_columns.constraint_name = user_constraints.constraint_name (+) AND user_constraints.constraint_type (+) = 'P' AND user_ind_columns.column_name (+) = all_tab_cols.column_name AND user_ind_columns.table_name (+) = all_tab_cols.table_name AND user_indexes.uniqueness (+) = 'UNIQUE' AND user_indexes.index_name (+) = user_ind_columns.index_name AND all_tab_cols.table_name = UPPER(%s) """ cursor.execute(sql, [table_name]) indexes = {} for row in cursor.fetchall(): indexes[row[0]] = {'primary_key': row[1], 'unique': row[2]} return indexes
Python
from django.db.models.sql import compiler class SQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler): def resolve_columns(self, row, fields=()): # If this query has limit/offset information, then we expect the # first column to be an extra "_RN" column that we need to throw # away. if self.query.high_mark is not None or self.query.low_mark: rn_offset = 1 else: rn_offset = 0 index_start = rn_offset + len(self.query.extra_select.keys()) values = [self.query.convert_values(v, None, connection=self.connection) for v in row[rn_offset:index_start]] for value, field in map(None, row[index_start:], fields): values.append(self.query.convert_values(value, field, connection=self.connection)) return tuple(values) def as_sql(self, with_limits=True, with_col_aliases=False): """ Creates the SQL for this query. Returns the SQL string and list of parameters. This is overriden from the original Query class to handle the additional SQL Oracle requires to emulate LIMIT and OFFSET. If 'with_limits' is False, any limit/offset information is not included in the query. """ if with_limits and self.query.low_mark == self.query.high_mark: return '', () # The `do_offset` flag indicates whether we need to construct # the SQL needed to use limit/offset with Oracle. do_offset = with_limits and (self.query.high_mark is not None or self.query.low_mark) if not do_offset: sql, params = super(SQLCompiler, self).as_sql(with_limits=False, with_col_aliases=with_col_aliases) else: sql, params = super(SQLCompiler, self).as_sql(with_limits=False, with_col_aliases=True) # Wrap the base query in an outer SELECT * with boundaries on # the "_RN" column. This is the canonical way to emulate LIMIT # and OFFSET on Oracle. high_where = '' if self.query.high_mark is not None: high_where = 'WHERE ROWNUM <= %d' % (self.query.high_mark,) sql = 'SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM AS "_RN", "_SUB".* FROM (%s) "_SUB" %s) WHERE "_RN" > %d' % (sql, high_where, self.query.low_mark) return sql, params class SQLInsertCompiler(compiler.SQLInsertCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLDeleteCompiler(compiler.SQLDeleteCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLUpdateCompiler(compiler.SQLUpdateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLAggregateCompiler(compiler.SQLAggregateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass class SQLDateCompiler(compiler.SQLDateCompiler, SQLCompiler): pass
Python
import os import sys from django.db.backends import BaseDatabaseClient class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient): executable_name = 'sqlplus' def runshell(self): conn_string = self.connection._connect_string() args = [self.executable_name, "-L", conn_string] if os.name == 'nt': sys.exit(os.system(" ".join(args))) else: os.execvp(self.executable_name, args)
Python
import sys, time from django.db.backends.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX = 'test_' PASSWORD = 'Im_a_lumberjack' class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation): # This dictionary maps Field objects to their associated Oracle column # types, as strings. Column-type strings can contain format strings; they'll # be interpolated against the values of Field.__dict__ before being output. # If a column type is set to None, it won't be included in the output. # # Any format strings starting with "qn_" are quoted before being used in the # output (the "qn_" prefix is stripped before the lookup is performed. data_types = { 'AutoField': 'NUMBER(11)', 'BooleanField': 'NUMBER(1) CHECK (%(qn_column)s IN (0,1))', 'CharField': 'NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', 'CommaSeparatedIntegerField': 'VARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', 'DateField': 'DATE', 'DateTimeField': 'TIMESTAMP', 'DecimalField': 'NUMBER(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)', 'FileField': 'NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', 'FilePathField': 'NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', 'FloatField': 'DOUBLE PRECISION', 'IntegerField': 'NUMBER(11)', 'BigIntegerField': 'NUMBER(19)', 'IPAddressField': 'VARCHAR2(15)', 'NullBooleanField': 'NUMBER(1) CHECK ((%(qn_column)s IN (0,1)) OR (%(qn_column)s IS NULL))', 'OneToOneField': 'NUMBER(11)', 'PositiveIntegerField': 'NUMBER(11) CHECK (%(qn_column)s >= 0)', 'PositiveSmallIntegerField': 'NUMBER(11) CHECK (%(qn_column)s >= 0)', 'SlugField': 'NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', 'SmallIntegerField': 'NUMBER(11)', 'TextField': 'NCLOB', 'TimeField': 'TIMESTAMP', 'URLField': 'VARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)', } def __init__(self, connection): self.remember = {} super(DatabaseCreation, self).__init__(connection) def _create_test_db(self, verbosity=1, autoclobber=False): TEST_NAME = self._test_database_name() TEST_USER = self._test_database_user() TEST_PASSWD = self._test_database_passwd() TEST_TBLSPACE = self._test_database_tblspace() TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP = self._test_database_tblspace_tmp() parameters = { 'dbname': TEST_NAME, 'user': TEST_USER, 'password': TEST_PASSWD, 'tblspace': TEST_TBLSPACE, 'tblspace_temp': TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP, } self.remember['user'] = self.connection.settings_dict['USER'] self.remember['passwd'] = self.connection.settings_dict['PASSWORD'] cursor = self.connection.cursor() if self._test_database_create(): try: self._execute_test_db_creation(cursor, parameters, verbosity) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error creating the test database: %s\n" % e) if not autoclobber: confirm = raw_input("It appears the test database, %s, already exists. Type 'yes' to delete it, or 'no' to cancel: " % TEST_NAME) if autoclobber or confirm == 'yes': try: if verbosity >= 1: print "Destroying old test database '%s'..." % self.connection.alias self._execute_test_db_destruction(cursor, parameters, verbosity) self._execute_test_db_creation(cursor, parameters, verbosity) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error recreating the test database: %s\n" % e) sys.exit(2) else: print "Tests cancelled." sys.exit(1) if self._test_user_create(): if verbosity >= 1: print "Creating test user..." try: self._create_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error creating the test user: %s\n" % e) if not autoclobber: confirm = raw_input("It appears the test user, %s, already exists. Type 'yes' to delete it, or 'no' to cancel: " % TEST_USER) if autoclobber or confirm == 'yes': try: if verbosity >= 1: print "Destroying old test user..." self._destroy_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity) if verbosity >= 1: print "Creating test user..." self._create_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("Got an error recreating the test user: %s\n" % e) sys.exit(2) else: print "Tests cancelled." sys.exit(1) self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_USER'] = self.connection.settings_dict["USER"] = TEST_USER self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = TEST_PASSWD return self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] def _destroy_test_db(self, test_database_name, verbosity=1): """ Destroy a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the database already exists. Returns the name of the test database created. """ TEST_NAME = self._test_database_name() TEST_USER = self._test_database_user() TEST_PASSWD = self._test_database_passwd() TEST_TBLSPACE = self._test_database_tblspace() TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP = self._test_database_tblspace_tmp() self.connection.settings_dict["USER"] = self.remember['user'] self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = self.remember['passwd'] parameters = { 'dbname': TEST_NAME, 'user': TEST_USER, 'password': TEST_PASSWD, 'tblspace': TEST_TBLSPACE, 'tblspace_temp': TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP, } cursor = self.connection.cursor() time.sleep(1) # To avoid "database is being accessed by other users" errors. if self._test_user_create(): if verbosity >= 1: print 'Destroying test user...' self._destroy_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity) if self._test_database_create(): if verbosity >= 1: print 'Destroying test database tables...' self._execute_test_db_destruction(cursor, parameters, verbosity) self.connection.close() def _execute_test_db_creation(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity): if verbosity >= 2: print "_create_test_db(): dbname = %s" % parameters['dbname'] statements = [ """CREATE TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s DATAFILE '%(tblspace)s.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 200M """, """CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s TEMPFILE '%(tblspace_temp)s.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 100M """, ] self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity) def _create_test_user(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity): if verbosity >= 2: print "_create_test_user(): username = %s" % parameters['user'] statements = [ """CREATE USER %(user)s IDENTIFIED BY %(password)s DEFAULT TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s TEMPORARY TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s """, """GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO %(user)s""", ] self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity) def _execute_test_db_destruction(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity): if verbosity >= 2: print "_execute_test_db_destruction(): dbname=%s" % parameters['dbname'] statements = [ 'DROP TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS', 'DROP TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS', ] self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity) def _destroy_test_user(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity): if verbosity >= 2: print "_destroy_test_user(): user=%s" % parameters['user'] print "Be patient. This can take some time..." statements = [ 'DROP USER %(user)s CASCADE', ] self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity) def _execute_statements(self, cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity): for template in statements: stmt = template % parameters if verbosity >= 2: print stmt try: cursor.execute(stmt) except Exception, err: sys.stderr.write("Failed (%s)\n" % (err)) raise def _test_database_name(self): name = TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] try: if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_NAME']: name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_NAME'] except AttributeError: pass return name def _test_database_create(self): return self.connection.settings_dict.get('TEST_CREATE', True) def _test_user_create(self): return self.connection.settings_dict.get('TEST_USER_CREATE', True) def _test_database_user(self): name = TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['USER'] try: if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_USER']: name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_USER'] except KeyError: pass return name def _test_database_passwd(self): name = PASSWORD try: if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_PASSWD']: name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_PASSWD'] except KeyError: pass return name def _test_database_tblspace(self): name = TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] try: if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_TBLSPACE']: name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_TBLSPACE'] except KeyError: pass return name def _test_database_tblspace_tmp(self): name = TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] + '_temp' try: if self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP']: name = self.connection.settings_dict['TEST_TBLSPACE_TMP'] except KeyError: pass return name def _get_test_db_name(self): """ We need to return the 'production' DB name to get the test DB creation machinery to work. This isn't a great deal in this case because DB names as handled by Django haven't real counterparts in Oracle. """ return self.connection.settings_dict['NAME'] def test_db_signature(self): settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict return ( settings_dict['HOST'], settings_dict['PORT'], settings_dict['ENGINE'], settings_dict['NAME'], self._test_database_user(), )
Python
""" Oracle database backend for Django. Requires cx_Oracle: http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/ """ import datetime import sys import time from decimal import Decimal def _setup_environment(environ): import platform # Cygwin requires some special voodoo to set the environment variables # properly so that Oracle will see them. if platform.system().upper().startswith('CYGWIN'): try: import ctypes except ImportError, e: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading ctypes: %s; " "the Oracle backend requires ctypes to " "operate correctly under Cygwin." % e) kernel32 = ctypes.CDLL('kernel32') for name, value in environ: kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableA(name, value) else: import os os.environ.update(environ) _setup_environment([ # Oracle takes client-side character set encoding from the environment. ('NLS_LANG', '.UTF8'), # This prevents unicode from getting mangled by getting encoded into the # potentially non-unicode database character set. ('ORA_NCHAR_LITERAL_REPLACE', 'TRUE'), ]) try: import cx_Oracle as Database except ImportError, e: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading cx_Oracle module: %s" % e) from django.db import utils from django.db.backends import * from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created from django.db.backends.oracle.client import DatabaseClient from django.db.backends.oracle.creation import DatabaseCreation from django.db.backends.oracle.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, force_unicode DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError # Check whether cx_Oracle was compiled with the WITH_UNICODE option. This will # also be True in Python 3.0. if int(Database.version.split('.', 1)[0]) >= 5 and not hasattr(Database, 'UNICODE'): convert_unicode = force_unicode else: convert_unicode = smart_str class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures): empty_fetchmany_value = () needs_datetime_string_cast = False interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls = True uses_savepoints = True can_return_id_from_insert = True allow_sliced_subqueries = False supports_subqueries_in_group_by = False supports_timezones = False supports_bitwise_or = False can_defer_constraint_checks = True ignores_nulls_in_unique_constraints = False class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations): compiler_module = "django.db.backends.oracle.compiler" def autoinc_sql(self, table, column): # To simulate auto-incrementing primary keys in Oracle, we have to # create a sequence and a trigger. sq_name = get_sequence_name(table) tr_name = get_trigger_name(table) tbl_name = self.quote_name(table) col_name = self.quote_name(column) sequence_sql = """ DECLARE i INTEGER; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) INTO i FROM USER_CATALOG WHERE TABLE_NAME = '%(sq_name)s' AND TABLE_TYPE = 'SEQUENCE'; IF i = 0 THEN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE SEQUENCE "%(sq_name)s"'; END IF; END; /""" % locals() trigger_sql = """ CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "%(tr_name)s" BEFORE INSERT ON %(tbl_name)s FOR EACH ROW WHEN (new.%(col_name)s IS NULL) BEGIN SELECT "%(sq_name)s".nextval INTO :new.%(col_name)s FROM dual; END; /""" % locals() return sequence_sql, trigger_sql def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # http://download-east.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96540/functions42a.htm#1017163 if lookup_type == 'week_day': # TO_CHAR(field, 'D') returns an integer from 1-7, where 1=Sunday. return "TO_CHAR(%s, 'D')" % field_name else: return "EXTRACT(%s FROM %s)" % (lookup_type, field_name) def date_interval_sql(self, sql, connector, timedelta): """ Implements the interval functionality for expressions format for Oracle: (datefield + INTERVAL '3 00:03:20.000000' DAY(1) TO SECOND(6)) """ minutes, seconds = divmod(timedelta.seconds, 60) hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60) days = str(timedelta.days) day_precision = len(days) fmt = "(%s %s INTERVAL '%s %02d:%02d:%02d.%06d' DAY(%d) TO SECOND(6))" return fmt % (sql, connector, days, hours, minutes, seconds, timedelta.microseconds, day_precision) def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, field_name): # Oracle uses TRUNC() for both dates and numbers. # http://download-east.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96540/functions155a.htm#SQLRF06151 if lookup_type == 'day': sql = 'TRUNC(%s)' % field_name else: sql = "TRUNC(%s, '%s')" % (field_name, lookup_type) return sql def convert_values(self, value, field): if isinstance(value, Database.LOB): value = value.read() if field and field.get_internal_type() == 'TextField': value = force_unicode(value) # Oracle stores empty strings as null. We need to undo this in # order to adhere to the Django convention of using the empty # string instead of null, but only if the field accepts the # empty string. if value is None and field and field.empty_strings_allowed: value = u'' # Convert 1 or 0 to True or False elif value in (1, 0) and field and field.get_internal_type() in ('BooleanField', 'NullBooleanField'): value = bool(value) # Force floats to the correct type elif value is not None and field and field.get_internal_type() == 'FloatField': value = float(value) # Convert floats to decimals elif value is not None and field and field.get_internal_type() == 'DecimalField': value = util.typecast_decimal(field.format_number(value)) # cx_Oracle always returns datetime.datetime objects for # DATE and TIMESTAMP columns, but Django wants to see a # python datetime.date, .time, or .datetime. We use the type # of the Field to determine which to cast to, but it's not # always available. # As a workaround, we cast to date if all the time-related # values are 0, or to time if the date is 1/1/1900. # This could be cleaned a bit by adding a method to the Field # classes to normalize values from the database (the to_python # method is used for validation and isn't what we want here). elif isinstance(value, Database.Timestamp): # In Python 2.3, the cx_Oracle driver returns its own # Timestamp object that we must convert to a datetime class. if not isinstance(value, datetime.datetime): value = datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day, value.hour, value.minute, value.second, value.fsecond) if field and field.get_internal_type() == 'DateTimeField': pass elif field and field.get_internal_type() == 'DateField': value = value.date() elif field and field.get_internal_type() == 'TimeField' or (value.year == 1900 and value.month == value.day == 1): value = value.time() elif value.hour == value.minute == value.second == value.microsecond == 0: value = value.date() return value def datetime_cast_sql(self): return "TO_TIMESTAMP(%s, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF')" def deferrable_sql(self): return " DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED" def drop_sequence_sql(self, table): return "DROP SEQUENCE %s;" % self.quote_name(get_sequence_name(table)) def fetch_returned_insert_id(self, cursor): return long(cursor._insert_id_var.getvalue()) def field_cast_sql(self, db_type): if db_type and db_type.endswith('LOB'): return "DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(%s)" else: return "%s" def last_insert_id(self, cursor, table_name, pk_name): sq_name = get_sequence_name(table_name) cursor.execute('SELECT "%s".currval FROM dual' % sq_name) return cursor.fetchone()[0] def lookup_cast(self, lookup_type): if lookup_type in ('iexact', 'icontains', 'istartswith', 'iendswith'): return "UPPER(%s)" return "%s" def max_in_list_size(self): return 1000 def max_name_length(self): return 30 def prep_for_iexact_query(self, x): return x def process_clob(self, value): if value is None: return u'' return force_unicode(value.read()) def quote_name(self, name): # SQL92 requires delimited (quoted) names to be case-sensitive. When # not quoted, Oracle has case-insensitive behavior for identifiers, but # always defaults to uppercase. # We simplify things by making Oracle identifiers always uppercase. if not name.startswith('"') and not name.endswith('"'): name = '"%s"' % util.truncate_name(name.upper(), self.max_name_length()) return name.upper() def random_function_sql(self): return "DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM" def regex_lookup_9(self, lookup_type): raise NotImplementedError("Regexes are not supported in Oracle before version 10g.") def regex_lookup_10(self, lookup_type): if lookup_type == 'regex': match_option = "'c'" else: match_option = "'i'" return 'REGEXP_LIKE(%%s, %%s, %s)' % match_option def regex_lookup(self, lookup_type): # If regex_lookup is called before it's been initialized, then create # a cursor to initialize it and recur. from django.db import connection connection.cursor() return connection.ops.regex_lookup(lookup_type) def return_insert_id(self): return "RETURNING %s INTO %%s", (InsertIdVar(),) def savepoint_create_sql(self, sid): return convert_unicode("SAVEPOINT " + self.quote_name(sid)) def savepoint_rollback_sql(self, sid): return convert_unicode("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT " + self.quote_name(sid)) def sql_flush(self, style, tables, sequences): # Return a list of 'TRUNCATE x;', 'TRUNCATE y;', # 'TRUNCATE z;'... style SQL statements if tables: # Oracle does support TRUNCATE, but it seems to get us into # FK referential trouble, whereas DELETE FROM table works. sql = ['%s %s %s;' % \ (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DELETE'), style.SQL_KEYWORD('FROM'), style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table))) for table in tables] # Since we've just deleted all the rows, running our sequence # ALTER code will reset the sequence to 0. for sequence_info in sequences: sequence_name = get_sequence_name(sequence_info['table']) table_name = self.quote_name(sequence_info['table']) column_name = self.quote_name(sequence_info['column'] or 'id') query = _get_sequence_reset_sql() % {'sequence': sequence_name, 'table': table_name, 'column': column_name} sql.append(query) return sql else: return [] def sequence_reset_sql(self, style, model_list): from django.db import models output = [] query = _get_sequence_reset_sql() for model in model_list: for f in model._meta.local_fields: if isinstance(f, models.AutoField): table_name = self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table) sequence_name = get_sequence_name(model._meta.db_table) column_name = self.quote_name(f.column) output.append(query % {'sequence': sequence_name, 'table': table_name, 'column': column_name}) # Only one AutoField is allowed per model, so don't # continue to loop break for f in model._meta.many_to_many: if not f.rel.through: table_name = self.quote_name(f.m2m_db_table()) sequence_name = get_sequence_name(f.m2m_db_table()) column_name = self.quote_name('id') output.append(query % {'sequence': sequence_name, 'table': table_name, 'column': column_name}) return output def start_transaction_sql(self): return '' def tablespace_sql(self, tablespace, inline=False): return "%sTABLESPACE %s" % ((inline and "USING INDEX " or ""), self.quote_name(tablespace)) def value_to_db_datetime(self, value): # Oracle doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if getattr(value, 'tzinfo', None) is not None: raise ValueError("Oracle backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes.") return super(DatabaseOperations, self).value_to_db_datetime(value) def value_to_db_time(self, value): if value is None: return None if isinstance(value, basestring): return datetime.datetime(*(time.strptime(value, '%H:%M:%S')[:6])) # Oracle doesn't support tz-aware datetimes if value.tzinfo is not None: raise ValueError("Oracle backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes.") return datetime.datetime(1900, 1, 1, value.hour, value.minute, value.second, value.microsecond) def year_lookup_bounds_for_date_field(self, value): first = '%s-01-01' second = '%s-12-31' return [first % value, second % value] def combine_expression(self, connector, sub_expressions): "Oracle requires special cases for %% and & operators in query expressions" if connector == '%%': return 'MOD(%s)' % ','.join(sub_expressions) elif connector == '&': return 'BITAND(%s)' % ','.join(sub_expressions) elif connector == '|': raise NotImplementedError("Bit-wise or is not supported in Oracle.") return super(DatabaseOperations, self).combine_expression(connector, sub_expressions) class _UninitializedOperatorsDescriptor(object): def __get__(self, instance, owner): # If connection.operators is looked up before a connection has been # created, transparently initialize connection.operators to avert an # AttributeError. if instance is None: raise AttributeError("operators not available as class attribute") # Creating a cursor will initialize the operators. instance.cursor().close() return instance.__dict__['operators'] class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper): vendor = 'oracle' operators = _UninitializedOperatorsDescriptor() _standard_operators = { 'exact': '= %s', 'iexact': '= UPPER(%s)', 'contains': "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", 'icontains': "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", 'gt': '> %s', 'gte': '>= %s', 'lt': '< %s', 'lte': '<= %s', 'startswith': "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", 'endswith': "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", 'istartswith': "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", 'iendswith': "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)", } _likec_operators = _standard_operators.copy() _likec_operators.update({ 'contains': "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'icontains': "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'", 'startswith': "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'endswith': "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'", 'istartswith': "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'", 'iendswith': "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'", }) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.oracle_version = None self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self) use_returning_into = self.settings_dict["OPTIONS"].get('use_returning_into', True) self.features.can_return_id_from_insert = use_returning_into self.ops = DatabaseOperations() self.client = DatabaseClient(self) self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self) self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self) self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation(self) def _valid_connection(self): return self.connection is not None def _connect_string(self): settings_dict = self.settings_dict if not settings_dict['HOST'].strip(): settings_dict['HOST'] = 'localhost' if settings_dict['PORT'].strip(): dsn = Database.makedsn(settings_dict['HOST'], int(settings_dict['PORT']), settings_dict['NAME']) else: dsn = settings_dict['NAME'] return "%s/%s@%s" % (settings_dict['USER'], settings_dict['PASSWORD'], dsn) def _cursor(self): cursor = None if not self._valid_connection(): conn_string = convert_unicode(self._connect_string()) conn_params = self.settings_dict['OPTIONS'].copy() if 'use_returning_into' in conn_params: del conn_params['use_returning_into'] self.connection = Database.connect(conn_string, **conn_params) cursor = FormatStylePlaceholderCursor(self.connection) # Set oracle date to ansi date format. This only needs to execute # once when we create a new connection. We also set the Territory # to 'AMERICA' which forces Sunday to evaluate to a '1' in TO_CHAR(). cursor.execute("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' " "NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' " "NLS_TERRITORY = 'AMERICA'") if 'operators' not in self.__dict__: # Ticket #14149: Check whether our LIKE implementation will # work for this connection or we need to fall back on LIKEC. # This check is performed only once per DatabaseWrapper # instance per thread, since subsequent connections will use # the same settings. try: cursor.execute("SELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE DUMMY %s" % self._standard_operators['contains'], ['X']) except utils.DatabaseError: self.operators = self._likec_operators else: self.operators = self._standard_operators try: self.oracle_version = int(self.connection.version.split('.')[0]) # There's no way for the DatabaseOperations class to know the # currently active Oracle version, so we do some setups here. # TODO: Multi-db support will need a better solution (a way to # communicate the current version). if self.oracle_version <= 9: self.ops.regex_lookup = self.ops.regex_lookup_9 else: self.ops.regex_lookup = self.ops.regex_lookup_10 except ValueError: pass try: self.connection.stmtcachesize = 20 except: # Django docs specify cx_Oracle version 4.3.1 or higher, but # stmtcachesize is available only in 4.3.2 and up. pass connection_created.send(sender=self.__class__, connection=self) if not cursor: cursor = FormatStylePlaceholderCursor(self.connection) return cursor # Oracle doesn't support savepoint commits. Ignore them. def _savepoint_commit(self, sid): pass def _commit(self): if self.connection is not None: try: return self.connection.commit() except Database.IntegrityError, e: # In case cx_Oracle implements (now or in a future version) # raising this specific exception raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: # cx_Oracle 5.0.4 raises a cx_Oracle.DatabaseError exception # with the following attributes and values: # code = 2091 # message = 'ORA-02091: transaction rolled back # 'ORA-02291: integrity constraint (TEST_DJANGOTEST.SYS # _C00102056) violated - parent key not found' # We convert that particular case to our IntegrityError exception x = e.args[0] if hasattr(x, 'code') and hasattr(x, 'message') \ and x.code == 2091 and 'ORA-02291' in x.message: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] class OracleParam(object): """ Wrapper object for formatting parameters for Oracle. If the string representation of the value is large enough (greater than 4000 characters) the input size needs to be set as CLOB. Alternatively, if the parameter has an `input_size` attribute, then the value of the `input_size` attribute will be used instead. Otherwise, no input size will be set for the parameter when executing the query. """ def __init__(self, param, cursor, strings_only=False): if hasattr(param, 'bind_parameter'): self.smart_str = param.bind_parameter(cursor) else: self.smart_str = convert_unicode(param, cursor.charset, strings_only) if hasattr(param, 'input_size'): # If parameter has `input_size` attribute, use that. self.input_size = param.input_size elif isinstance(param, basestring) and len(param) > 4000: # Mark any string param greater than 4000 characters as a CLOB. self.input_size = Database.CLOB else: self.input_size = None class VariableWrapper(object): """ An adapter class for cursor variables that prevents the wrapped object from being converted into a string when used to instanciate an OracleParam. This can be used generally for any other object that should be passed into Cursor.execute as-is. """ def __init__(self, var): self.var = var def bind_parameter(self, cursor): return self.var def __getattr__(self, key): return getattr(self.var, key) def __setattr__(self, key, value): if key == 'var': self.__dict__[key] = value else: setattr(self.var, key, value) class InsertIdVar(object): """ A late-binding cursor variable that can be passed to Cursor.execute as a parameter, in order to receive the id of the row created by an insert statement. """ def bind_parameter(self, cursor): param = cursor.cursor.var(Database.NUMBER) cursor._insert_id_var = param return param class FormatStylePlaceholderCursor(object): """ Django uses "format" (e.g. '%s') style placeholders, but Oracle uses ":var" style. This fixes it -- but note that if you want to use a literal "%s" in a query, you'll need to use "%%s". We also do automatic conversion between Unicode on the Python side and UTF-8 -- for talking to Oracle -- in here. """ charset = 'utf-8' def __init__(self, connection): self.cursor = connection.cursor() # Necessary to retrieve decimal values without rounding error. self.cursor.numbersAsStrings = True # Default arraysize of 1 is highly sub-optimal. self.cursor.arraysize = 100 def _format_params(self, params): return tuple([OracleParam(p, self, True) for p in params]) def _guess_input_sizes(self, params_list): sizes = [None] * len(params_list[0]) for params in params_list: for i, value in enumerate(params): if value.input_size: sizes[i] = value.input_size self.setinputsizes(*sizes) def _param_generator(self, params): return [p.smart_str for p in params] def execute(self, query, params=None): if params is None: params = [] else: params = self._format_params(params) args = [(':arg%d' % i) for i in range(len(params))] # cx_Oracle wants no trailing ';' for SQL statements. For PL/SQL, it # it does want a trailing ';' but not a trailing '/'. However, these # characters must be included in the original query in case the query # is being passed to SQL*Plus. if query.endswith(';') or query.endswith('/'): query = query[:-1] query = convert_unicode(query % tuple(args), self.charset) self._guess_input_sizes([params]) try: return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params)) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: # cx_Oracle <= 4.4.0 wrongly raises a DatabaseError for ORA-01400. if hasattr(e.args[0], 'code') and e.args[0].code == 1400 and not isinstance(e, IntegrityError): raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def executemany(self, query, params=None): try: args = [(':arg%d' % i) for i in range(len(params[0]))] except (IndexError, TypeError): # No params given, nothing to do return None # cx_Oracle wants no trailing ';' for SQL statements. For PL/SQL, it # it does want a trailing ';' but not a trailing '/'. However, these # characters must be included in the original query in case the query # is being passed to SQL*Plus. if query.endswith(';') or query.endswith('/'): query = query[:-1] query = convert_unicode(query % tuple(args), self.charset) formatted = [self._format_params(i) for i in params] self._guess_input_sizes(formatted) try: return self.cursor.executemany(query, [self._param_generator(p) for p in formatted]) except Database.IntegrityError, e: raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] except Database.DatabaseError, e: # cx_Oracle <= 4.4.0 wrongly raises a DatabaseError for ORA-01400. if hasattr(e.args[0], 'code') and e.args[0].code == 1400 and not isinstance(e, IntegrityError): raise utils.IntegrityError, utils.IntegrityError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] raise utils.DatabaseError, utils.DatabaseError(*tuple(e)), sys.exc_info()[2] def fetchone(self): row = self.cursor.fetchone() if row is None: return row return _rowfactory(row, self.cursor) def fetchmany(self, size=None): if size is None: size = self.arraysize return tuple([_rowfactory(r, self.cursor) for r in self.cursor.fetchmany(size)]) def fetchall(self): return tuple([_rowfactory(r, self.cursor) for r in self.cursor.fetchall()]) def var(self, *args): return VariableWrapper(self.cursor.var(*args)) def arrayvar(self, *args): return VariableWrapper(self.cursor.arrayvar(*args)) def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr in self.__dict__: return self.__dict__[attr] else: return getattr(self.cursor, attr) def __iter__(self): return CursorIterator(self.cursor) class CursorIterator(object): """Cursor iterator wrapper that invokes our custom row factory.""" def __init__(self, cursor): self.cursor = cursor self.iter = iter(cursor) def __iter__(self): return self def next(self): return _rowfactory(self.iter.next(), self.cursor) def _rowfactory(row, cursor): # Cast numeric values as the appropriate Python type based upon the # cursor description, and convert strings to unicode. casted = [] for value, desc in zip(row, cursor.description): if value is not None and desc[1] is Database.NUMBER: precision, scale = desc[4:6] if scale == -127: if precision == 0: # NUMBER column: decimal-precision floating point # This will normally be an integer from a sequence, # but it could be a decimal value. if '.' in value: value = Decimal(value) else: value = int(value) else: # FLOAT column: binary-precision floating point. # This comes from FloatField columns. value = float(value) elif precision > 0: # NUMBER(p,s) column: decimal-precision fixed point. # This comes from IntField and DecimalField columns. if scale == 0: value = int(value) else: value = Decimal(value) elif '.' in value: # No type information. This normally comes from a # mathematical expression in the SELECT list. Guess int # or Decimal based on whether it has a decimal point. value = Decimal(value) else: value = int(value) elif desc[1] in (Database.STRING, Database.FIXED_CHAR, Database.LONG_STRING): value = to_unicode(value) casted.append(value) return tuple(casted) def to_unicode(s): """ Convert strings to Unicode objects (and return all other data types unchanged). """ if isinstance(s, basestring): return force_unicode(s) return s def _get_sequence_reset_sql(): # TODO: colorize this SQL code with style.SQL_KEYWORD(), etc. return """ DECLARE table_value integer; seq_value integer; BEGIN SELECT NVL(MAX(%(column)s), 0) INTO table_value FROM %(table)s; SELECT NVL(last_number - cache_size, 0) INTO seq_value FROM user_sequences WHERE sequence_name = '%(sequence)s'; WHILE table_value > seq_value LOOP SELECT "%(sequence)s".nextval INTO seq_value FROM dual; END LOOP; END; /""" def get_sequence_name(table): name_length = DatabaseOperations().max_name_length() - 3 return '%s_SQ' % util.truncate_name(table, name_length).upper() def get_trigger_name(table): name_length = DatabaseOperations().max_name_length() - 3 return '%s_TR' % util.truncate_name(table, name_length).upper()
Python
from django.conf import settings from django.core import signals from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.db.utils import ConnectionHandler, ConnectionRouter, load_backend, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, \ DatabaseError, IntegrityError from django.utils.functional import curry __all__ = ('backend', 'connection', 'connections', 'router', 'DatabaseError', 'IntegrityError', 'DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS') # For backwards compatibility - Port any old database settings over to # the new values. if not settings.DATABASES: if settings.DATABASE_ENGINE: import warnings warnings.warn( "settings.DATABASE_* is deprecated; use settings.DATABASES instead.", DeprecationWarning ) settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] = { 'ENGINE': settings.DATABASE_ENGINE, 'HOST': settings.DATABASE_HOST, 'NAME': settings.DATABASE_NAME, 'OPTIONS': settings.DATABASE_OPTIONS, 'PASSWORD': settings.DATABASE_PASSWORD, 'PORT': settings.DATABASE_PORT, 'USER': settings.DATABASE_USER, 'TEST_CHARSET': settings.TEST_DATABASE_CHARSET, 'TEST_COLLATION': settings.TEST_DATABASE_COLLATION, 'TEST_NAME': settings.TEST_DATABASE_NAME, } if DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS not in settings.DATABASES: raise ImproperlyConfigured("You must define a '%s' database" % DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS) for alias, database in settings.DATABASES.items(): if 'ENGINE' not in database: raise ImproperlyConfigured("You must specify a 'ENGINE' for database '%s'" % alias) if database['ENGINE'] in ("postgresql", "postgresql_psycopg2", "sqlite3", "mysql", "oracle"): import warnings if 'django.contrib.gis' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: warnings.warn( "django.contrib.gis is now implemented as a full database backend. " "Modify ENGINE in the %s database configuration to select " "a backend from 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends'" % alias, DeprecationWarning ) if database['ENGINE'] == 'postgresql_psycopg2': full_engine = 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis' elif database['ENGINE'] == 'sqlite3': full_engine = 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite' else: full_engine = 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.%s' % database['ENGINE'] else: warnings.warn( "Short names for ENGINE in database configurations are deprecated. " "Prepend %s.ENGINE with 'django.db.backends.'" % alias, DeprecationWarning ) full_engine = "django.db.backends.%s" % database['ENGINE'] database['ENGINE'] = full_engine connections = ConnectionHandler(settings.DATABASES) router = ConnectionRouter(settings.DATABASE_ROUTERS) # `connection`, `DatabaseError` and `IntegrityError` are convenient aliases # for backend bits. # DatabaseWrapper.__init__() takes a dictionary, not a settings module, so # we manually create the dictionary from the settings, passing only the # settings that the database backends care about. Note that TIME_ZONE is used # by the PostgreSQL backends. # we load all these up for backwards compatibility, you should use # connections['default'] instead. connection = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] backend = load_backend(connection.settings_dict['ENGINE']) # Register an event that closes the database connection # when a Django request is finished. def close_connection(**kwargs): for conn in connections.all(): conn.close() signals.request_finished.connect(close_connection) # Register an event that resets connection.queries # when a Django request is started. def reset_queries(**kwargs): for conn in connections.all(): conn.queries = [] signals.request_started.connect(reset_queries) # Register an event that rolls back the connections # when a Django request has an exception. def _rollback_on_exception(**kwargs): from django.db import transaction for conn in connections: try: transaction.rollback_unless_managed(using=conn) except DatabaseError: pass signals.got_request_exception.connect(_rollback_on_exception)
Python
import re import sys from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit from xml.dom.minidom import parseString, Node from django.conf import settings from django.core import mail from django.core.management import call_command from django.core.signals import request_started from django.core.urlresolvers import clear_url_caches from django.db import (transaction, connection, connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, reset_queries) from django.http import QueryDict from django.test import _doctest as doctest from django.test.client import Client from django.test.utils import get_warnings_state, restore_warnings_state from django.utils import simplejson, unittest as ut2 from django.utils.encoding import smart_str from django.utils.functional import wraps __all__ = ('DocTestRunner', 'OutputChecker', 'TestCase', 'TransactionTestCase', 'skipIfDBFeature', 'skipUnlessDBFeature') try: all except NameError: from django.utils.itercompat import all normalize_long_ints = lambda s: re.sub(r'(?<![\w])(\d+)L(?![\w])', '\\1', s) normalize_decimals = lambda s: re.sub(r"Decimal\('(\d+(\.\d*)?)'\)", lambda m: "Decimal(\"%s\")" % m.groups()[0], s) def to_list(value): """ Puts value into a list if it's not already one. Returns an empty list if value is None. """ if value is None: value = [] elif not isinstance(value, list): value = [value] return value real_commit = transaction.commit real_rollback = transaction.rollback real_enter_transaction_management = transaction.enter_transaction_management real_leave_transaction_management = transaction.leave_transaction_management real_managed = transaction.managed def nop(*args, **kwargs): return def disable_transaction_methods(): transaction.commit = nop transaction.rollback = nop transaction.enter_transaction_management = nop transaction.leave_transaction_management = nop transaction.managed = nop def restore_transaction_methods(): transaction.commit = real_commit transaction.rollback = real_rollback transaction.enter_transaction_management = real_enter_transaction_management transaction.leave_transaction_management = real_leave_transaction_management transaction.managed = real_managed class OutputChecker(doctest.OutputChecker): def check_output(self, want, got, optionflags): "The entry method for doctest output checking. Defers to a sequence of child checkers" checks = (self.check_output_default, self.check_output_numeric, self.check_output_xml, self.check_output_json) for check in checks: if check(want, got, optionflags): return True return False def check_output_default(self, want, got, optionflags): "The default comparator provided by doctest - not perfect, but good for most purposes" return doctest.OutputChecker.check_output(self, want, got, optionflags) def check_output_numeric(self, want, got, optionflags): """Doctest does an exact string comparison of output, which means that some numerically equivalent values aren't equal. This check normalizes * long integers (22L) so that they equal normal integers. (22) * Decimals so that they are comparable, regardless of the change made to __repr__ in Python 2.6. """ return doctest.OutputChecker.check_output(self, normalize_decimals(normalize_long_ints(want)), normalize_decimals(normalize_long_ints(got)), optionflags) def check_output_xml(self, want, got, optionsflags): """Tries to do a 'xml-comparision' of want and got. Plain string comparision doesn't always work because, for example, attribute ordering should not be important. Based on http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk/src/lxml/doctestcompare.py """ _norm_whitespace_re = re.compile(r'[ \t\n][ \t\n]+') def norm_whitespace(v): return _norm_whitespace_re.sub(' ', v) def child_text(element): return ''.join([c.data for c in element.childNodes if c.nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE]) def children(element): return [c for c in element.childNodes if c.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE] def norm_child_text(element): return norm_whitespace(child_text(element)) def attrs_dict(element): return dict(element.attributes.items()) def check_element(want_element, got_element): if want_element.tagName != got_element.tagName: return False if norm_child_text(want_element) != norm_child_text(got_element): return False if attrs_dict(want_element) != attrs_dict(got_element): return False want_children = children(want_element) got_children = children(got_element) if len(want_children) != len(got_children): return False for want, got in zip(want_children, got_children): if not check_element(want, got): return False return True want, got = self._strip_quotes(want, got) want = want.replace('\\n','\n') got = got.replace('\\n','\n') # If the string is not a complete xml document, we may need to add a # root element. This allow us to compare fragments, like "<foo/><bar/>" if not want.startswith('<?xml'): wrapper = '<root>%s</root>' want = wrapper % want got = wrapper % got # Parse the want and got strings, and compare the parsings. try: want_root = parseString(want).firstChild got_root = parseString(got).firstChild except: return False return check_element(want_root, got_root) def check_output_json(self, want, got, optionsflags): "Tries to compare want and got as if they were JSON-encoded data" want, got = self._strip_quotes(want, got) try: want_json = simplejson.loads(want) got_json = simplejson.loads(got) except: return False return want_json == got_json def _strip_quotes(self, want, got): """ Strip quotes of doctests output values: >>> o = OutputChecker() >>> o._strip_quotes("'foo'") "foo" >>> o._strip_quotes('"foo"') "foo" >>> o._strip_quotes("u'foo'") "foo" >>> o._strip_quotes('u"foo"') "foo" """ def is_quoted_string(s): s = s.strip() return (len(s) >= 2 and s[0] == s[-1] and s[0] in ('"', "'")) def is_quoted_unicode(s): s = s.strip() return (len(s) >= 3 and s[0] == 'u' and s[1] == s[-1] and s[1] in ('"', "'")) if is_quoted_string(want) and is_quoted_string(got): want = want.strip()[1:-1] got = got.strip()[1:-1] elif is_quoted_unicode(want) and is_quoted_unicode(got): want = want.strip()[2:-1] got = got.strip()[2:-1] return want, got class DocTestRunner(doctest.DocTestRunner): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): doctest.DocTestRunner.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.optionflags = doctest.ELLIPSIS def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info): doctest.DocTestRunner.report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info) # Rollback, in case of database errors. Otherwise they'd have # side effects on other tests. for conn in connections: transaction.rollback_unless_managed(using=conn) class _AssertNumQueriesContext(object): def __init__(self, test_case, num, connection): self.test_case = test_case self.num = num self.connection = connection def __enter__(self): self.old_debug_cursor = self.connection.use_debug_cursor self.connection.use_debug_cursor = True self.starting_queries = len(self.connection.queries) request_started.disconnect(reset_queries) return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback): self.connection.use_debug_cursor = self.old_debug_cursor request_started.connect(reset_queries) if exc_type is not None: return final_queries = len(self.connection.queries) executed = final_queries - self.starting_queries self.test_case.assertEqual( executed, self.num, "%d queries executed, %d expected" % ( executed, self.num ) ) class TransactionTestCase(ut2.TestCase): # The class we'll use for the test client self.client. # Can be overridden in derived classes. client_class = Client def _pre_setup(self): """Performs any pre-test setup. This includes: * Flushing the database. * If the Test Case class has a 'fixtures' member, installing the named fixtures. * If the Test Case class has a 'urls' member, replace the ROOT_URLCONF with it. * Clearing the mail test outbox. """ self._fixture_setup() self._urlconf_setup() mail.outbox = [] def _fixture_setup(self): # If the test case has a multi_db=True flag, flush all databases. # Otherwise, just flush default. if getattr(self, 'multi_db', False): databases = connections else: databases = [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] for db in databases: call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False, database=db) if hasattr(self, 'fixtures'): # We have to use this slightly awkward syntax due to the fact # that we're using *args and **kwargs together. call_command('loaddata', *self.fixtures, **{'verbosity': 0, 'database': db}) def _urlconf_setup(self): if hasattr(self, 'urls'): self._old_root_urlconf = settings.ROOT_URLCONF settings.ROOT_URLCONF = self.urls clear_url_caches() def __call__(self, result=None): """ Wrapper around default __call__ method to perform common Django test set up. This means that user-defined Test Cases aren't required to include a call to super().setUp(). """ self.client = self.client_class() try: self._pre_setup() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): raise except Exception: import sys result.addError(self, sys.exc_info()) return super(TransactionTestCase, self).__call__(result) try: self._post_teardown() except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): raise except Exception: import sys result.addError(self, sys.exc_info()) return def _post_teardown(self): """ Performs any post-test things. This includes: * Putting back the original ROOT_URLCONF if it was changed. * Force closing the connection, so that the next test gets a clean cursor. """ self._fixture_teardown() self._urlconf_teardown() # Some DB cursors include SQL statements as part of cursor # creation. If you have a test that does rollback, the effect # of these statements is lost, which can effect the operation # of tests (e.g., losing a timezone setting causing objects to # be created with the wrong time). # To make sure this doesn't happen, get a clean connection at the # start of every test. for connection in connections.all(): connection.close() def _fixture_teardown(self): pass def _urlconf_teardown(self): if hasattr(self, '_old_root_urlconf'): settings.ROOT_URLCONF = self._old_root_urlconf clear_url_caches() def save_warnings_state(self): """ Saves the state of the warnings module """ self._warnings_state = get_warnings_state() def restore_warnings_state(self): """ Restores the sate of the warnings module to the state saved by save_warnings_state() """ restore_warnings_state(self._warnings_state) def assertRedirects(self, response, expected_url, status_code=302, target_status_code=200, host=None, msg_prefix=''): """Asserts that a response redirected to a specific URL, and that the redirect URL can be loaded. Note that assertRedirects won't work for external links since it uses TestClient to do a request. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " if hasattr(response, 'redirect_chain'): # The request was a followed redirect self.assertTrue(len(response.redirect_chain) > 0, msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Response" " code was %d (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code)) self.assertEqual(response.redirect_chain[0][1], status_code, msg_prefix + "Initial response didn't redirect as expected:" " Response code was %d (expected %d)" % (response.redirect_chain[0][1], status_code)) url, status_code = response.redirect_chain[-1] self.assertEqual(response.status_code, target_status_code, msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Final" " Response code was %d (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, target_status_code)) else: # Not a followed redirect self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code, msg_prefix + "Response didn't redirect as expected: Response" " code was %d (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code)) url = response['Location'] scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url) redirect_response = response.client.get(path, QueryDict(query)) # Get the redirection page, using the same client that was used # to obtain the original response. self.assertEqual(redirect_response.status_code, target_status_code, msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve redirection page '%s':" " response code was %d (expected %d)" % (path, redirect_response.status_code, target_status_code)) e_scheme, e_netloc, e_path, e_query, e_fragment = urlsplit(expected_url) if not (e_scheme or e_netloc): expected_url = urlunsplit(('http', host or 'testserver', e_path, e_query, e_fragment)) self.assertEqual(url, expected_url, msg_prefix + "Response redirected to '%s', expected '%s'" % (url, expected_url)) def assertContains(self, response, text, count=None, status_code=200, msg_prefix=''): """ Asserts that a response indicates that some content was retrieved successfully, (i.e., the HTTP status code was as expected), and that ``text`` occurs ``count`` times in the content of the response. If ``count`` is None, the count doesn't matter - the assertion is true if the text occurs at least once in the response. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code, msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve content: Response code was %d" " (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code)) text = smart_str(text, response._charset) real_count = response.content.count(text) if count is not None: self.assertEqual(real_count, count, msg_prefix + "Found %d instances of '%s' in response" " (expected %d)" % (real_count, text, count)) else: self.assertTrue(real_count != 0, msg_prefix + "Couldn't find '%s' in response" % text) def assertNotContains(self, response, text, status_code=200, msg_prefix=''): """ Asserts that a response indicates that some content was retrieved successfully, (i.e., the HTTP status code was as expected), and that ``text`` doesn't occurs in the content of the response. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status_code, msg_prefix + "Couldn't retrieve content: Response code was %d" " (expected %d)" % (response.status_code, status_code)) text = smart_str(text, response._charset) self.assertEqual(response.content.count(text), 0, msg_prefix + "Response should not contain '%s'" % text) def assertFormError(self, response, form, field, errors, msg_prefix=''): """ Asserts that a form used to render the response has a specific field error. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " # Put context(s) into a list to simplify processing. contexts = to_list(response.context) if not contexts: self.fail(msg_prefix + "Response did not use any contexts to " "render the response") # Put error(s) into a list to simplify processing. errors = to_list(errors) # Search all contexts for the error. found_form = False for i,context in enumerate(contexts): if form not in context: continue found_form = True for err in errors: if field: if field in context[form].errors: field_errors = context[form].errors[field] self.assertTrue(err in field_errors, msg_prefix + "The field '%s' on form '%s' in" " context %d does not contain the error '%s'" " (actual errors: %s)" % (field, form, i, err, repr(field_errors))) elif field in context[form].fields: self.fail(msg_prefix + "The field '%s' on form '%s'" " in context %d contains no errors" % (field, form, i)) else: self.fail(msg_prefix + "The form '%s' in context %d" " does not contain the field '%s'" % (form, i, field)) else: non_field_errors = context[form].non_field_errors() self.assertTrue(err in non_field_errors, msg_prefix + "The form '%s' in context %d does not" " contain the non-field error '%s'" " (actual errors: %s)" % (form, i, err, non_field_errors)) if not found_form: self.fail(msg_prefix + "The form '%s' was not used to render the" " response" % form) def assertTemplateUsed(self, response, template_name, msg_prefix=''): """ Asserts that the template with the provided name was used in rendering the response. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " template_names = [t.name for t in response.templates] if not template_names: self.fail(msg_prefix + "No templates used to render the response") self.assertTrue(template_name in template_names, msg_prefix + "Template '%s' was not a template used to render" " the response. Actual template(s) used: %s" % (template_name, u', '.join(template_names))) def assertTemplateNotUsed(self, response, template_name, msg_prefix=''): """ Asserts that the template with the provided name was NOT used in rendering the response. """ if msg_prefix: msg_prefix += ": " template_names = [t.name for t in response.templates] self.assertFalse(template_name in template_names, msg_prefix + "Template '%s' was used unexpectedly in rendering" " the response" % template_name) def assertQuerysetEqual(self, qs, values, transform=repr): return self.assertEqual(map(transform, qs), values) def assertNumQueries(self, num, func=None, *args, **kwargs): using = kwargs.pop("using", DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS) connection = connections[using] context = _AssertNumQueriesContext(self, num, connection) if func is None: return context # Basically emulate the `with` statement here. context.__enter__() try: func(*args, **kwargs) except: context.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()) raise else: context.__exit__(*sys.exc_info()) def connections_support_transactions(): """ Returns True if all connections support transactions. This is messy because 2.4 doesn't support any or all. """ return all(conn.features.supports_transactions for conn in connections.all()) class TestCase(TransactionTestCase): """ Does basically the same as TransactionTestCase, but surrounds every test with a transaction, monkey-patches the real transaction management routines to do nothing, and rollsback the test transaction at the end of the test. You have to use TransactionTestCase, if you need transaction management inside a test. """ def _fixture_setup(self): if not connections_support_transactions(): return super(TestCase, self)._fixture_setup() # If the test case has a multi_db=True flag, setup all databases. # Otherwise, just use default. if getattr(self, 'multi_db', False): databases = connections else: databases = [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] for db in databases: transaction.enter_transaction_management(using=db) transaction.managed(True, using=db) disable_transaction_methods() from django.contrib.sites.models import Site Site.objects.clear_cache() for db in databases: if hasattr(self, 'fixtures'): call_command('loaddata', *self.fixtures, **{ 'verbosity': 0, 'commit': False, 'database': db }) def _fixture_teardown(self): if not connections_support_transactions(): return super(TestCase, self)._fixture_teardown() # If the test case has a multi_db=True flag, teardown all databases. # Otherwise, just teardown default. if getattr(self, 'multi_db', False): databases = connections else: databases = [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS] restore_transaction_methods() for db in databases: transaction.rollback(using=db) transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=db) def _deferredSkip(condition, reason): def decorator(test_func): if not (isinstance(test_func, type) and issubclass(test_func, TestCase)): @wraps(test_func) def skip_wrapper(*args, **kwargs): if condition(): raise ut2.SkipTest(reason) return test_func(*args, **kwargs) test_item = skip_wrapper else: test_item = test_func test_item.__unittest_skip_why__ = reason return test_item return decorator def skipIfDBFeature(feature): "Skip a test if a database has the named feature" return _deferredSkip(lambda: getattr(connection.features, feature), "Database has feature %s" % feature) def skipUnlessDBFeature(feature): "Skip a test unless a database has the named feature" return _deferredSkip(lambda: not getattr(connection.features, feature), "Database doesn't support feature %s" % feature)
Python
import unittest as real_unittest from django.conf import settings from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.db.models import get_app, get_apps from django.test import _doctest as doctest from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment, teardown_test_environment from django.test.testcases import OutputChecker, DocTestRunner, TestCase from django.utils import unittest try: all except NameError: from django.utils.itercompat import all __all__ = ('DjangoTestRunner', 'DjangoTestSuiteRunner', 'run_tests') # The module name for tests outside models.py TEST_MODULE = 'tests' doctestOutputChecker = OutputChecker() class DjangoTestRunner(unittest.TextTestRunner): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): import warnings warnings.warn( "DjangoTestRunner is deprecated; it's functionality is indistinguishable from TextTestRunner", PendingDeprecationWarning ) super(DjangoTestRunner, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def get_tests(app_module): try: app_path = app_module.__name__.split('.')[:-1] test_module = __import__('.'.join(app_path + [TEST_MODULE]), {}, {}, TEST_MODULE) except ImportError, e: # Couldn't import tests.py. Was it due to a missing file, or # due to an import error in a tests.py that actually exists? import os.path from imp import find_module try: mod = find_module(TEST_MODULE, [os.path.dirname(app_module.__file__)]) except ImportError: # 'tests' module doesn't exist. Move on. test_module = None else: # The module exists, so there must be an import error in the # test module itself. We don't need the module; so if the # module was a single file module (i.e., tests.py), close the file # handle returned by find_module. Otherwise, the test module # is a directory, and there is nothing to close. if mod[0]: mod[0].close() raise return test_module def build_suite(app_module): "Create a complete Django test suite for the provided application module" suite = unittest.TestSuite() # Load unit and doctests in the models.py module. If module has # a suite() method, use it. Otherwise build the test suite ourselves. if hasattr(app_module, 'suite'): suite.addTest(app_module.suite()) else: suite.addTest(unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(app_module)) try: suite.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite(app_module, checker=doctestOutputChecker, runner=DocTestRunner)) except ValueError: # No doc tests in models.py pass # Check to see if a separate 'tests' module exists parallel to the # models module test_module = get_tests(app_module) if test_module: # Load unit and doctests in the tests.py module. If module has # a suite() method, use it. Otherwise build the test suite ourselves. if hasattr(test_module, 'suite'): suite.addTest(test_module.suite()) else: suite.addTest(unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromModule(test_module)) try: suite.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite(test_module, checker=doctestOutputChecker, runner=DocTestRunner)) except ValueError: # No doc tests in tests.py pass return suite def build_test(label): """Construct a test case with the specified label. Label should be of the form model.TestClass or model.TestClass.test_method. Returns an instantiated test or test suite corresponding to the label provided. """ parts = label.split('.') if len(parts) < 2 or len(parts) > 3: raise ValueError("Test label '%s' should be of the form app.TestCase or app.TestCase.test_method" % label) # # First, look for TestCase instances with a name that matches # app_module = get_app(parts[0]) test_module = get_tests(app_module) TestClass = getattr(app_module, parts[1], None) # Couldn't find the test class in models.py; look in tests.py if TestClass is None: if test_module: TestClass = getattr(test_module, parts[1], None) try: if issubclass(TestClass, (unittest.TestCase, real_unittest.TestCase)): if len(parts) == 2: # label is app.TestClass try: return unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestClass) except TypeError: raise ValueError("Test label '%s' does not refer to a test class" % label) else: # label is app.TestClass.test_method return TestClass(parts[2]) except TypeError: # TestClass isn't a TestClass - it must be a method or normal class pass # # If there isn't a TestCase, look for a doctest that matches # tests = [] for module in app_module, test_module: try: doctests = doctest.DocTestSuite(module, checker=doctestOutputChecker, runner=DocTestRunner) # Now iterate over the suite, looking for doctests whose name # matches the pattern that was given for test in doctests: if test._dt_test.name in ( '%s.%s' % (module.__name__, '.'.join(parts[1:])), '%s.__test__.%s' % (module.__name__, '.'.join(parts[1:]))): tests.append(test) except ValueError: # No doctests found. pass # If no tests were found, then we were given a bad test label. if not tests: raise ValueError("Test label '%s' does not refer to a test" % label) # Construct a suite out of the tests that matched. return unittest.TestSuite(tests) def partition_suite(suite, classes, bins): """ Partitions a test suite by test type. classes is a sequence of types bins is a sequence of TestSuites, one more than classes Tests of type classes[i] are added to bins[i], tests with no match found in classes are place in bins[-1] """ for test in suite: if isinstance(test, unittest.TestSuite): partition_suite(test, classes, bins) else: for i in range(len(classes)): if isinstance(test, classes[i]): bins[i].addTest(test) break else: bins[-1].addTest(test) def reorder_suite(suite, classes): """ Reorders a test suite by test type. classes is a sequence of types All tests of type clases[0] are placed first, then tests of type classes[1], etc. Tests with no match in classes are placed last. """ class_count = len(classes) bins = [unittest.TestSuite() for i in range(class_count+1)] partition_suite(suite, classes, bins) for i in range(class_count): bins[0].addTests(bins[i+1]) return bins[0] def dependency_ordered(test_databases, dependencies): """Reorder test_databases into an order that honors the dependencies described in TEST_DEPENDENCIES. """ ordered_test_databases = [] resolved_databases = set() while test_databases: changed = False deferred = [] while test_databases: signature, (db_name, aliases) = test_databases.pop() dependencies_satisfied = True for alias in aliases: if alias in dependencies: if all(a in resolved_databases for a in dependencies[alias]): # all dependencies for this alias are satisfied dependencies.pop(alias) resolved_databases.add(alias) else: dependencies_satisfied = False else: resolved_databases.add(alias) if dependencies_satisfied: ordered_test_databases.append((signature, (db_name, aliases))) changed = True else: deferred.append((signature, (db_name, aliases))) if not changed: raise ImproperlyConfigured("Circular dependency in TEST_DEPENDENCIES") test_databases = deferred return ordered_test_databases class DjangoTestSuiteRunner(object): def __init__(self, verbosity=1, interactive=True, failfast=True, **kwargs): self.verbosity = verbosity self.interactive = interactive self.failfast = failfast def setup_test_environment(self, **kwargs): setup_test_environment() settings.DEBUG = False unittest.installHandler() def build_suite(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs): suite = unittest.TestSuite() if test_labels: for label in test_labels: if '.' in label: suite.addTest(build_test(label)) else: app = get_app(label) suite.addTest(build_suite(app)) else: for app in get_apps(): suite.addTest(build_suite(app)) if extra_tests: for test in extra_tests: suite.addTest(test) return reorder_suite(suite, (TestCase,)) def setup_databases(self, **kwargs): from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS # First pass -- work out which databases actually need to be created, # and which ones are test mirrors or duplicate entries in DATABASES mirrored_aliases = {} test_databases = {} dependencies = {} for alias in connections: connection = connections[alias] if connection.settings_dict['TEST_MIRROR']: # If the database is marked as a test mirror, save # the alias. mirrored_aliases[alias] = connection.settings_dict['TEST_MIRROR'] else: # Store a tuple with DB parameters that uniquely identify it. # If we have two aliases with the same values for that tuple, # we only need to create the test database once. item = test_databases.setdefault( connection.creation.test_db_signature(), (connection.settings_dict['NAME'], []) ) item[1].append(alias) if 'TEST_DEPENDENCIES' in connection.settings_dict: dependencies[alias] = connection.settings_dict['TEST_DEPENDENCIES'] else: if alias != DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS: dependencies[alias] = connection.settings_dict.get('TEST_DEPENDENCIES', [DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]) # Second pass -- actually create the databases. old_names = [] mirrors = [] for signature, (db_name, aliases) in dependency_ordered(test_databases.items(), dependencies): # Actually create the database for the first connection connection = connections[aliases[0]] old_names.append((connection, db_name, True)) test_db_name = connection.creation.create_test_db(self.verbosity, autoclobber=not self.interactive) for alias in aliases[1:]: connection = connections[alias] if db_name: old_names.append((connection, db_name, False)) connection.settings_dict['NAME'] = test_db_name else: # If settings_dict['NAME'] isn't defined, we have a backend where # the name isn't important -- e.g., SQLite, which uses :memory:. # Force create the database instead of assuming it's a duplicate. old_names.append((connection, db_name, True)) connection.creation.create_test_db(self.verbosity, autoclobber=not self.interactive) for alias, mirror_alias in mirrored_aliases.items(): mirrors.append((alias, connections[alias].settings_dict['NAME'])) connections[alias].settings_dict['NAME'] = connections[mirror_alias].settings_dict['NAME'] return old_names, mirrors def run_suite(self, suite, **kwargs): return unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity, failfast=self.failfast).run(suite) def teardown_databases(self, old_config, **kwargs): from django.db import connections old_names, mirrors = old_config # Point all the mirrors back to the originals for alias, old_name in mirrors: connections[alias].settings_dict['NAME'] = old_name # Destroy all the non-mirror databases for connection, old_name, destroy in old_names: if destroy: connection.creation.destroy_test_db(old_name, self.verbosity) else: connection.settings_dict['NAME'] = old_name def teardown_test_environment(self, **kwargs): unittest.removeHandler() teardown_test_environment() def suite_result(self, suite, result, **kwargs): return len(result.failures) + len(result.errors) def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs): """ Run the unit tests for all the test labels in the provided list. Labels must be of the form: - app.TestClass.test_method Run a single specific test method - app.TestClass Run all the test methods in a given class - app Search for doctests and unittests in the named application. When looking for tests, the test runner will look in the models and tests modules for the application. A list of 'extra' tests may also be provided; these tests will be added to the test suite. Returns the number of tests that failed. """ self.setup_test_environment() suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests) old_config = self.setup_databases() result = self.run_suite(suite) self.teardown_databases(old_config) self.teardown_test_environment() return self.suite_result(suite, result) def run_tests(test_labels, verbosity=1, interactive=True, failfast=False, extra_tests=None): import warnings warnings.warn( 'The run_tests() test runner has been deprecated in favor of DjangoTestSuiteRunner.', DeprecationWarning ) test_runner = DjangoTestSuiteRunner(verbosity=verbosity, interactive=interactive, failfast=failfast) return test_runner.run_tests(test_labels, extra_tests=extra_tests)
Python
import urllib from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, urlsplit import sys import os import re import mimetypes import warnings from copy import copy try: from cStringIO import StringIO except ImportError: from StringIO import StringIO from django.conf import settings from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login from django.core.handlers.base import BaseHandler from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest from django.core.signals import got_request_exception from django.http import SimpleCookie, HttpRequest, QueryDict from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist from django.test import signals from django.utils.functional import curry from django.utils.encoding import smart_str from django.utils.http import urlencode from django.utils.importlib import import_module from django.utils.itercompat import is_iterable from django.db import transaction, close_connection from django.test.utils import ContextList __all__ = ('Client', 'RequestFactory', 'encode_file', 'encode_multipart') BOUNDARY = 'BoUnDaRyStRiNg' MULTIPART_CONTENT = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY CONTENT_TYPE_RE = re.compile('.*; charset=([\w\d-]+);?') class FakePayload(object): """ A wrapper around StringIO that restricts what can be read since data from the network can't be seeked and cannot be read outside of its content length. This makes sure that views can't do anything under the test client that wouldn't work in Real Life. """ def __init__(self, content): self.__content = StringIO(content) self.__len = len(content) def read(self, num_bytes=None): if num_bytes is None: num_bytes = self.__len or 0 assert self.__len >= num_bytes, "Cannot read more than the available bytes from the HTTP incoming data." content = self.__content.read(num_bytes) self.__len -= num_bytes return content class ClientHandler(BaseHandler): """ A HTTP Handler that can be used for testing purposes. Uses the WSGI interface to compose requests, but returns the raw HttpResponse object """ def __init__(self, enforce_csrf_checks=True, *args, **kwargs): self.enforce_csrf_checks = enforce_csrf_checks super(ClientHandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(self, environ): from django.conf import settings from django.core import signals # Set up middleware if needed. We couldn't do this earlier, because # settings weren't available. if self._request_middleware is None: self.load_middleware() signals.request_started.send(sender=self.__class__) try: request = WSGIRequest(environ) # sneaky little hack so that we can easily get round # CsrfViewMiddleware. This makes life easier, and is probably # required for backwards compatibility with external tests against # admin views. request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = not self.enforce_csrf_checks response = self.get_response(request) finally: signals.request_finished.disconnect(close_connection) signals.request_finished.send(sender=self.__class__) signals.request_finished.connect(close_connection) return response def store_rendered_templates(store, signal, sender, template, context, **kwargs): """ Stores templates and contexts that are rendered. The context is copied so that it is an accurate representation at the time of rendering. """ store.setdefault('templates', []).append(template) store.setdefault('context', ContextList()).append(copy(context)) def encode_multipart(boundary, data): """ Encodes multipart POST data from a dictionary of form values. The key will be used as the form data name; the value will be transmitted as content. If the value is a file, the contents of the file will be sent as an application/octet-stream; otherwise, str(value) will be sent. """ lines = [] to_str = lambda s: smart_str(s, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) # Not by any means perfect, but good enough for our purposes. is_file = lambda thing: hasattr(thing, "read") and callable(thing.read) # Each bit of the multipart form data could be either a form value or a # file, or a *list* of form values and/or files. Remember that HTTP field # names can be duplicated! for (key, value) in data.items(): if is_file(value): lines.extend(encode_file(boundary, key, value)) elif not isinstance(value, basestring) and is_iterable(value): for item in value: if is_file(item): lines.extend(encode_file(boundary, key, item)) else: lines.extend([ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % to_str(key), '', to_str(item) ]) else: lines.extend([ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % to_str(key), '', to_str(value) ]) lines.extend([ '--' + boundary + '--', '', ]) return '\r\n'.join(lines) def encode_file(boundary, key, file): to_str = lambda s: smart_str(s, settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET) if hasattr(file, 'content_type'): content_type = file.content_type else: content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(file.name)[0] if content_type is None: content_type = 'application/octet-stream' return [ '--' + boundary, 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' \ % (to_str(key), to_str(os.path.basename(file.name))), 'Content-Type: %s' % content_type, '', file.read() ] class RequestFactory(object): """ Class that lets you create mock Request objects for use in testing. Usage: rf = RequestFactory() get_request = rf.get('/hello/') post_request = rf.post('/submit/', {'foo': 'bar'}) Once you have a request object you can pass it to any view function, just as if that view had been hooked up using a URLconf. """ def __init__(self, **defaults): self.defaults = defaults self.cookies = SimpleCookie() self.errors = StringIO() def _base_environ(self, **request): """ The base environment for a request. """ environ = { 'HTTP_COOKIE': self.cookies.output(header='', sep='; '), 'PATH_INFO': '/', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'SERVER_NAME': 'testserver', 'SERVER_PORT': '80', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 'wsgi.version': (1,0), 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.errors': self.errors, 'wsgi.multiprocess': True, 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, } environ.update(self.defaults) environ.update(request) return environ def request(self, **request): "Construct a generic request object." return WSGIRequest(self._base_environ(**request)) def _encode_data(self, data, content_type, ): if content_type is MULTIPART_CONTENT: return encode_multipart(BOUNDARY, data) else: # Encode the content so that the byte representation is correct. match = CONTENT_TYPE_RE.match(content_type) if match: charset = match.group(1) else: charset = settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET return smart_str(data, encoding=charset) def _get_path(self, parsed): # If there are parameters, add them if parsed[3]: return urllib.unquote(parsed[2] + ";" + parsed[3]) else: return urllib.unquote(parsed[2]) def get(self, path, data={}, **extra): "Construct a GET request" parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': urlencode(data, doseq=True) or parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload('') } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def post(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, **extra): "Construct a POST request." post_data = self._encode_data(data, content_type) parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'CONTENT_LENGTH': len(post_data), 'CONTENT_TYPE': content_type, 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload(post_data), } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def head(self, path, data={}, **extra): "Construct a HEAD request." parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': urlencode(data, doseq=True) or parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload('') } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def options(self, path, data={}, **extra): "Constrict an OPTIONS request" parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': urlencode(data, doseq=True) or parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'OPTIONS', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload('') } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def put(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, **extra): "Construct a PUT request." put_data = self._encode_data(data, content_type) parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'CONTENT_LENGTH': len(put_data), 'CONTENT_TYPE': content_type, 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload(put_data), } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) def delete(self, path, data={}, **extra): "Construct a DELETE request." parsed = urlparse(path) r = { 'PATH_INFO': self._get_path(parsed), 'QUERY_STRING': urlencode(data, doseq=True) or parsed[4], 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'DELETE', 'wsgi.input': FakePayload('') } r.update(extra) return self.request(**r) class Client(RequestFactory): """ A class that can act as a client for testing purposes. It allows the user to compose GET and POST requests, and obtain the response that the server gave to those requests. The server Response objects are annotated with the details of the contexts and templates that were rendered during the process of serving the request. Client objects are stateful - they will retain cookie (and thus session) details for the lifetime of the Client instance. This is not intended as a replacement for Twill/Selenium or the like - it is here to allow testing against the contexts and templates produced by a view, rather than the HTML rendered to the end-user. """ def __init__(self, enforce_csrf_checks=False, **defaults): super(Client, self).__init__(**defaults) self.handler = ClientHandler(enforce_csrf_checks) self.exc_info = None def store_exc_info(self, **kwargs): """ Stores exceptions when they are generated by a view. """ self.exc_info = sys.exc_info() def _session(self): """ Obtains the current session variables. """ if 'django.contrib.sessions' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE) cookie = self.cookies.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME, None) if cookie: return engine.SessionStore(cookie.value) return {} session = property(_session) def request(self, **request): """ The master request method. Composes the environment dictionary and passes to the handler, returning the result of the handler. Assumes defaults for the query environment, which can be overridden using the arguments to the request. """ environ = self._base_environ(**request) # Curry a data dictionary into an instance of the template renderer # callback function. data = {} on_template_render = curry(store_rendered_templates, data) signals.template_rendered.connect(on_template_render, dispatch_uid="template-render") # Capture exceptions created by the handler. got_request_exception.connect(self.store_exc_info, dispatch_uid="request-exception") try: try: response = self.handler(environ) except TemplateDoesNotExist, e: # If the view raises an exception, Django will attempt to show # the 500.html template. If that template is not available, # we should ignore the error in favor of re-raising the # underlying exception that caused the 500 error. Any other # template found to be missing during view error handling # should be reported as-is. if e.args != ('500.html',): raise # Look for a signalled exception, clear the current context # exception data, then re-raise the signalled exception. # Also make sure that the signalled exception is cleared from # the local cache! if self.exc_info: exc_info = self.exc_info self.exc_info = None raise exc_info[1], None, exc_info[2] # Save the client and request that stimulated the response. response.client = self response.request = request # Add any rendered template detail to the response. response.templates = data.get("templates", []) response.context = data.get("context") # Flatten a single context. Not really necessary anymore thanks to # the __getattr__ flattening in ContextList, but has some edge-case # backwards-compatibility implications. if response.context and len(response.context) == 1: response.context = response.context[0] # Provide a backwards-compatible (but pending deprecation) response.template def _get_template(self): warnings.warn("response.template is deprecated; use response.templates instead (which is always a list)", PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if not self.templates: return None elif len(self.templates) == 1: return self.templates[0] return self.templates response.__class__.template = property(_get_template) # Update persistent cookie data. if response.cookies: self.cookies.update(response.cookies) return response finally: signals.template_rendered.disconnect(dispatch_uid="template-render") got_request_exception.disconnect(dispatch_uid="request-exception") def get(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra): """ Requests a response from the server using GET. """ response = super(Client, self).get(path, data=data, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def post(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, follow=False, **extra): """ Requests a response from the server using POST. """ response = super(Client, self).post(path, data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def head(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra): """ Request a response from the server using HEAD. """ response = super(Client, self).head(path, data=data, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def options(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra): """ Request a response from the server using OPTIONS. """ response = super(Client, self).options(path, data=data, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def put(self, path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT, follow=False, **extra): """ Send a resource to the server using PUT. """ response = super(Client, self).put(path, data=data, content_type=content_type, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def delete(self, path, data={}, follow=False, **extra): """ Send a DELETE request to the server. """ response = super(Client, self).delete(path, data=data, **extra) if follow: response = self._handle_redirects(response, **extra) return response def login(self, **credentials): """ Sets the Factory to appear as if it has successfully logged into a site. Returns True if login is possible; False if the provided credentials are incorrect, or the user is inactive, or if the sessions framework is not available. """ user = authenticate(**credentials) if user and user.is_active \ and 'django.contrib.sessions' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS: engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE) # Create a fake request to store login details. request = HttpRequest() if self.session: request.session = self.session else: request.session = engine.SessionStore() login(request, user) # Save the session values. request.session.save() # Set the cookie to represent the session. session_cookie = settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME self.cookies[session_cookie] = request.session.session_key cookie_data = { 'max-age': None, 'path': '/', 'domain': settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN, 'secure': settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None, 'expires': None, } self.cookies[session_cookie].update(cookie_data) return True else: return False def logout(self): """ Removes the authenticated user's cookies and session object. Causes the authenticated user to be logged out. """ session = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE).SessionStore() session_cookie = self.cookies.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME) if session_cookie: session.delete(session_key=session_cookie.value) self.cookies = SimpleCookie() def _handle_redirects(self, response, **extra): "Follows any redirects by requesting responses from the server using GET." response.redirect_chain = [] while response.status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307): url = response['Location'] scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url) redirect_chain = response.redirect_chain redirect_chain.append((url, response.status_code)) if scheme: extra['wsgi.url_scheme'] = scheme # The test client doesn't handle external links, # but since the situation is simulated in test_client, # we fake things here by ignoring the netloc portion of the # redirected URL. response = self.get(path, QueryDict(query), follow=False, **extra) response.redirect_chain = redirect_chain # Prevent loops if response.redirect_chain[-1] in response.redirect_chain[0:-1]: break return response
Python
# This is a slightly modified version of the doctest.py that shipped with Python 2.4 # It incorporates changes that have been submitted to the Python ticket tracker # as ticket #1521051. These changes allow for a DoctestRunner and Doctest base # class to be specified when constructing a DoctestSuite. # Module doctest. # Released to the public domain 16-Jan-2001, by Tim Peters (tim@python.org). # Major enhancements and refactoring by: # Jim Fulton # Edward Loper # Provided as-is; use at your own risk; no warranty; no promises; enjoy! r"""Module doctest -- a framework for running examples in docstrings. In simplest use, end each module M to be tested with: def _test(): import doctest doctest.testmod() if __name__ == "__main__": _test() Then running the module as a script will cause the examples in the docstrings to get executed and verified: python M.py This won't display anything unless an example fails, in which case the failing example(s) and the cause(s) of the failure(s) are printed to stdout (why not stderr? because stderr is a lame hack <0.2 wink>), and the final line of output is "Test failed.". Run it with the -v switch instead: python M.py -v and a detailed report of all examples tried is printed to stdout, along with assorted summaries at the end. You can force verbose mode by passing "verbose=True" to testmod, or prohibit it by passing "verbose=False". In either of those cases, sys.argv is not examined by testmod. There are a variety of other ways to run doctests, including integration with the unittest framework, and support for running non-Python text files containing doctests. There are also many ways to override parts of doctest's default behaviors. See the Library Reference Manual for details. """ __docformat__ = 'reStructuredText en' __all__ = [ # 0, Option Flags 'register_optionflag', 'DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1', 'DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE', 'NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE', 'ELLIPSIS', 'IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL', 'COMPARISON_FLAGS', 'REPORT_UDIFF', 'REPORT_CDIFF', 'REPORT_NDIFF', 'REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE', 'REPORTING_FLAGS', # 1. Utility Functions 'is_private', # 2. Example & DocTest 'Example', 'DocTest', # 3. Doctest Parser 'DocTestParser', # 4. Doctest Finder 'DocTestFinder', # 5. Doctest Runner 'DocTestRunner', 'OutputChecker', 'DocTestFailure', 'UnexpectedException', 'DebugRunner', # 6. Test Functions 'testmod', 'testfile', 'run_docstring_examples', # 7. Tester 'Tester', # 8. Unittest Support 'DocTestSuite', 'DocFileSuite', 'set_unittest_reportflags', # 9. Debugging Support 'script_from_examples', 'testsource', 'debug_src', 'debug', ] import __future__ import sys, traceback, inspect, linecache, os, re import unittest, difflib, pdb, tempfile import warnings from StringIO import StringIO if sys.platform.startswith('java'): # On Jython, isclass() reports some modules as classes. Patch it. def patch_isclass(isclass): def patched_isclass(obj): return isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__module__') return patched_isclass inspect.isclass = patch_isclass(inspect.isclass) # Don't whine about the deprecated is_private function in this # module's tests. warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "is_private", DeprecationWarning, __name__, 0) # There are 4 basic classes: # - Example: a <source, want> pair, plus an intra-docstring line number. # - DocTest: a collection of examples, parsed from a docstring, plus # info about where the docstring came from (name, filename, lineno). # - DocTestFinder: extracts DocTests from a given object's docstring and # its contained objects' docstrings. # - DocTestRunner: runs DocTest cases, and accumulates statistics. # # So the basic picture is: # # list of: # +------+ +---------+ +-------+ # |object| --DocTestFinder-> | DocTest | --DocTestRunner-> |results| # +------+ +---------+ +-------+ # | Example | # | ... | # | Example | # +---------+ # Option constants. OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME = {} def register_optionflag(name): flag = 1 << len(OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME) OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME[name] = flag return flag DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 = register_optionflag('DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1') DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE = register_optionflag('DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE') NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE = register_optionflag('NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE') ELLIPSIS = register_optionflag('ELLIPSIS') IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL = register_optionflag('IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL') COMPARISON_FLAGS = (DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 | DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE | NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE | ELLIPSIS | IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL) REPORT_UDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_UDIFF') REPORT_CDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_CDIFF') REPORT_NDIFF = register_optionflag('REPORT_NDIFF') REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE = register_optionflag('REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE') REPORTING_FLAGS = (REPORT_UDIFF | REPORT_CDIFF | REPORT_NDIFF | REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE) # Special string markers for use in `want` strings: BLANKLINE_MARKER = '<BLANKLINE>' ELLIPSIS_MARKER = '...' ###################################################################### ## Table of Contents ###################################################################### # 1. Utility Functions # 2. Example & DocTest -- store test cases # 3. DocTest Parser -- extracts examples from strings # 4. DocTest Finder -- extracts test cases from objects # 5. DocTest Runner -- runs test cases # 6. Test Functions -- convenient wrappers for testing # 7. Tester Class -- for backwards compatibility # 8. Unittest Support # 9. Debugging Support # 10. Example Usage ###################################################################### ## 1. Utility Functions ###################################################################### def is_private(prefix, base): """prefix, base -> true iff name prefix + "." + base is "private". Prefix may be an empty string, and base does not contain a period. Prefix is ignored (although functions you write conforming to this protocol may make use of it). Return true iff base begins with an (at least one) underscore, but does not both begin and end with (at least) two underscores. >>> is_private("a.b", "my_func") False >>> is_private("____", "_my_func") True >>> is_private("someclass", "__init__") False >>> is_private("sometypo", "__init_") True >>> is_private("x.y.z", "_") True >>> is_private("_x.y.z", "__") False >>> is_private("", "") # senseless but consistent False """ warnings.warn("is_private is deprecated; it wasn't useful; " "examine DocTestFinder.find() lists instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return base[:1] == "_" and not base[:2] == "__" == base[-2:] def _extract_future_flags(globs): """ Return the compiler-flags associated with the future features that have been imported into the given namespace (globs). """ flags = 0 for fname in __future__.all_feature_names: feature = globs.get(fname, None) if feature is getattr(__future__, fname): flags |= feature.compiler_flag return flags def _normalize_module(module, depth=2): """ Return the module specified by `module`. In particular: - If `module` is a module, then return module. - If `module` is a string, then import and return the module with that name. - If `module` is None, then return the calling module. The calling module is assumed to be the module of the stack frame at the given depth in the call stack. """ if inspect.ismodule(module): return module elif isinstance(module, (str, unicode)): return __import__(module, globals(), locals(), ["*"]) elif module is None: return sys.modules[sys._getframe(depth).f_globals['__name__']] else: raise TypeError("Expected a module, string, or None") def _indent(s, indent=4): """ Add the given number of space characters to the beginning every non-blank line in `s`, and return the result. """ # This regexp matches the start of non-blank lines: return re.sub('(?m)^(?!$)', indent*' ', s) def _exception_traceback(exc_info): """ Return a string containing a traceback message for the given exc_info tuple (as returned by sys.exc_info()). """ # Get a traceback message. excout = StringIO() exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb = exc_info traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb, file=excout) return excout.getvalue() # Override some StringIO methods. class _SpoofOut(StringIO): def getvalue(self): result = StringIO.getvalue(self) # If anything at all was written, make sure there's a trailing # newline. There's no way for the expected output to indicate # that a trailing newline is missing. if result and not result.endswith("\n"): result += "\n" # Prevent softspace from screwing up the next test case, in # case they used print with a trailing comma in an example. if hasattr(self, "softspace"): del self.softspace return result def truncate(self, size=None): StringIO.truncate(self, size) if hasattr(self, "softspace"): del self.softspace # Worst-case linear-time ellipsis matching. def _ellipsis_match(want, got): """ Essentially the only subtle case: >>> _ellipsis_match('aa...aa', 'aaa') False """ if ELLIPSIS_MARKER not in want: return want == got # Find "the real" strings. ws = want.split(ELLIPSIS_MARKER) assert len(ws) >= 2 # Deal with exact matches possibly needed at one or both ends. startpos, endpos = 0, len(got) w = ws[0] if w: # starts with exact match if got.startswith(w): startpos = len(w) del ws[0] else: return False w = ws[-1] if w: # ends with exact match if got.endswith(w): endpos -= len(w) del ws[-1] else: return False if startpos > endpos: # Exact end matches required more characters than we have, as in # _ellipsis_match('aa...aa', 'aaa') return False # For the rest, we only need to find the leftmost non-overlapping # match for each piece. If there's no overall match that way alone, # there's no overall match period. for w in ws: # w may be '' at times, if there are consecutive ellipses, or # due to an ellipsis at the start or end of `want`. That's OK. # Search for an empty string succeeds, and doesn't change startpos. startpos = got.find(w, startpos, endpos) if startpos < 0: return False startpos += len(w) return True def _comment_line(line): "Return a commented form of the given line" line = line.rstrip() if line: return '# '+line else: return '#' class _OutputRedirectingPdb(pdb.Pdb): """ A specialized version of the python debugger that redirects stdout to a given stream when interacting with the user. Stdout is *not* redirected when traced code is executed. """ def __init__(self, out): self.__out = out self.__debugger_used = False pdb.Pdb.__init__(self) def set_trace(self): self.__debugger_used = True pdb.Pdb.set_trace(self) def set_continue(self): # Calling set_continue unconditionally would break unit test coverage # reporting, as Bdb.set_continue calls sys.settrace(None). if self.__debugger_used: pdb.Pdb.set_continue(self) def trace_dispatch(self, *args): # Redirect stdout to the given stream. save_stdout = sys.stdout sys.stdout = self.__out # Call Pdb's trace dispatch method. try: return pdb.Pdb.trace_dispatch(self, *args) finally: sys.stdout = save_stdout # [XX] Normalize with respect to os.path.pardir? def _module_relative_path(module, path): if not inspect.ismodule(module): raise TypeError('Expected a module: %r' % module) if path.startswith('/'): raise ValueError('Module-relative files may not have absolute paths') # Find the base directory for the path. if hasattr(module, '__file__'): # A normal module/package basedir = os.path.split(module.__file__)[0] elif module.__name__ == '__main__': # An interactive session. if len(sys.argv)>0 and sys.argv[0] != '': basedir = os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0] else: basedir = os.curdir else: # A module w/o __file__ (this includes builtins) raise ValueError("Can't resolve paths relative to the module " + module + " (it has no __file__)") # Combine the base directory and the path. return os.path.join(basedir, *(path.split('/'))) ###################################################################### ## 2. Example & DocTest ###################################################################### ## - An "example" is a <source, want> pair, where "source" is a ## fragment of source code, and "want" is the expected output for ## "source." The Example class also includes information about ## where the example was extracted from. ## ## - A "doctest" is a collection of examples, typically extracted from ## a string (such as an object's docstring). The DocTest class also ## includes information about where the string was extracted from. class Example: """ A single doctest example, consisting of source code and expected output. `Example` defines the following attributes: - source: A single Python statement, always ending with a newline. The constructor adds a newline if needed. - want: The expected output from running the source code (either from stdout, or a traceback in case of exception). `want` ends with a newline unless it's empty, in which case it's an empty string. The constructor adds a newline if needed. - exc_msg: The exception message generated by the example, if the example is expected to generate an exception; or `None` if it is not expected to generate an exception. This exception message is compared against the return value of `traceback.format_exception_only()`. `exc_msg` ends with a newline unless it's `None`. The constructor adds a newline if needed. - lineno: The line number within the DocTest string containing this Example where the Example begins. This line number is zero-based, with respect to the beginning of the DocTest. - indent: The example's indentation in the DocTest string. I.e., the number of space characters that preceed the example's first prompt. - options: A dictionary mapping from option flags to True or False, which is used to override default options for this example. Any option flags not contained in this dictionary are left at their default value (as specified by the DocTestRunner's optionflags). By default, no options are set. """ def __init__(self, source, want, exc_msg=None, lineno=0, indent=0, options=None): # Normalize inputs. if not source.endswith('\n'): source += '\n' if want and not want.endswith('\n'): want += '\n' if exc_msg is not None and not exc_msg.endswith('\n'): exc_msg += '\n' # Store properties. self.source = source self.want = want self.lineno = lineno self.indent = indent if options is None: options = {} self.options = options self.exc_msg = exc_msg class DocTest: """ A collection of doctest examples that should be run in a single namespace. Each `DocTest` defines the following attributes: - examples: the list of examples. - globs: The namespace (aka globals) that the examples should be run in. - name: A name identifying the DocTest (typically, the name of the object whose docstring this DocTest was extracted from). - filename: The name of the file that this DocTest was extracted from, or `None` if the filename is unknown. - lineno: The line number within filename where this DocTest begins, or `None` if the line number is unavailable. This line number is zero-based, with respect to the beginning of the file. - docstring: The string that the examples were extracted from, or `None` if the string is unavailable. """ def __init__(self, examples, globs, name, filename, lineno, docstring): """ Create a new DocTest containing the given examples. The DocTest's globals are initialized with a copy of `globs`. """ assert not isinstance(examples, basestring), \ "DocTest no longer accepts str; use DocTestParser instead" self.examples = examples self.docstring = docstring self.globs = globs.copy() self.name = name self.filename = filename self.lineno = lineno def __repr__(self): if len(self.examples) == 0: examples = 'no examples' elif len(self.examples) == 1: examples = '1 example' else: examples = '%d examples' % len(self.examples) return ('<DocTest %s from %s:%s (%s)>' % (self.name, self.filename, self.lineno, examples)) # This lets us sort tests by name: def __cmp__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, DocTest): return -1 return cmp((self.name, self.filename, self.lineno, id(self)), (other.name, other.filename, other.lineno, id(other))) ###################################################################### ## 3. DocTestParser ###################################################################### class DocTestParser: """ A class used to parse strings containing doctest examples. """ # This regular expression is used to find doctest examples in a # string. It defines three groups: `source` is the source code # (including leading indentation and prompts); `indent` is the # indentation of the first (PS1) line of the source code; and # `want` is the expected output (including leading indentation). _EXAMPLE_RE = re.compile(r''' # Source consists of a PS1 line followed by zero or more PS2 lines. (?P<source> (?:^(?P<indent> [ ]*) >>> .*) # PS1 line (?:\n [ ]* \.\.\. .*)*) # PS2 lines \n? # Want consists of any non-blank lines that do not start with PS1. (?P<want> (?:(?![ ]*$) # Not a blank line (?![ ]*>>>) # Not a line starting with PS1 .*$\n? # But any other line )*) ''', re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE) # A regular expression for handling `want` strings that contain # expected exceptions. It divides `want` into three pieces: # - the traceback header line (`hdr`) # - the traceback stack (`stack`) # - the exception message (`msg`), as generated by # traceback.format_exception_only() # `msg` may have multiple lines. We assume/require that the # exception message is the first non-indented line starting with a word # character following the traceback header line. _EXCEPTION_RE = re.compile(r""" # Grab the traceback header. Different versions of Python have # said different things on the first traceback line. ^(?P<hdr> Traceback\ \( (?: most\ recent\ call\ last | innermost\ last ) \) : ) \s* $ # toss trailing whitespace on the header. (?P<stack> .*?) # don't blink: absorb stuff until... ^ (?P<msg> \w+ .*) # a line *starts* with alphanum. """, re.VERBOSE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL) # A callable returning a true value iff its argument is a blank line # or contains a single comment. _IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT = re.compile(r'^[ ]*(#.*)?$').match def parse(self, string, name='<string>'): """ Divide the given string into examples and intervening text, and return them as a list of alternating Examples and strings. Line numbers for the Examples are 0-based. The optional argument `name` is a name identifying this string, and is only used for error messages. """ string = string.expandtabs() # If all lines begin with the same indentation, then strip it. min_indent = self._min_indent(string) if min_indent > 0: string = '\n'.join([l[min_indent:] for l in string.split('\n')]) output = [] charno, lineno = 0, 0 # Find all doctest examples in the string: for m in self._EXAMPLE_RE.finditer(string): # Add the pre-example text to `output`. output.append(string[charno:m.start()]) # Update lineno (lines before this example) lineno += string.count('\n', charno, m.start()) # Extract info from the regexp match. (source, options, want, exc_msg) = \ self._parse_example(m, name, lineno) # Create an Example, and add it to the list. if not self._IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT(source): output.append( Example(source, want, exc_msg, lineno=lineno, indent=min_indent+len(m.group('indent')), options=options) ) # Update lineno (lines inside this example) lineno += string.count('\n', m.start(), m.end()) # Update charno. charno = m.end() # Add any remaining post-example text to `output`. output.append(string[charno:]) return output def get_doctest(self, string, globs, name, filename, lineno): """ Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and collect them into a `DocTest` object. `globs`, `name`, `filename`, and `lineno` are attributes for the new `DocTest` object. See the documentation for `DocTest` for more information. """ return DocTest(self.get_examples(string, name), globs, name, filename, lineno, string) def get_examples(self, string, name='<string>'): """ Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and return them as a list of `Example` objects. Line numbers are 0-based, because it's most common in doctests that nothing interesting appears on the same line as opening triple-quote, and so the first interesting line is called \"line 1\" then. The optional argument `name` is a name identifying this string, and is only used for error messages. """ return [x for x in self.parse(string, name) if isinstance(x, Example)] def _parse_example(self, m, name, lineno): """ Given a regular expression match from `_EXAMPLE_RE` (`m`), return a pair `(source, want)`, where `source` is the matched example's source code (with prompts and indentation stripped); and `want` is the example's expected output (with indentation stripped). `name` is the string's name, and `lineno` is the line number where the example starts; both are used for error messages. """ # Get the example's indentation level. indent = len(m.group('indent')) # Divide source into lines; check that they're properly # indented; and then strip their indentation & prompts. source_lines = m.group('source').split('\n') self._check_prompt_blank(source_lines, indent, name, lineno) self._check_prefix(source_lines[1:], ' '*indent + '.', name, lineno) source = '\n'.join([sl[indent+4:] for sl in source_lines]) # Divide want into lines; check that it's properly indented; and # then strip the indentation. Spaces before the last newline should # be preserved, so plain rstrip() isn't good enough. want = m.group('want') want_lines = want.split('\n') if len(want_lines) > 1 and re.match(r' *$', want_lines[-1]): del want_lines[-1] # forget final newline & spaces after it self._check_prefix(want_lines, ' '*indent, name, lineno + len(source_lines)) want = '\n'.join([wl[indent:] for wl in want_lines]) # If `want` contains a traceback message, then extract it. m = self._EXCEPTION_RE.match(want) if m: exc_msg = m.group('msg') else: exc_msg = None # Extract options from the source. options = self._find_options(source, name, lineno) return source, options, want, exc_msg # This regular expression looks for option directives in the # source code of an example. Option directives are comments # starting with "doctest:". Warning: this may give false # positives for string-literals that contain the string # "#doctest:". Eliminating these false positives would require # actually parsing the string; but we limit them by ignoring any # line containing "#doctest:" that is *followed* by a quote mark. _OPTION_DIRECTIVE_RE = re.compile(r'#\s*doctest:\s*([^\n\'"]*)$', re.MULTILINE) def _find_options(self, source, name, lineno): """ Return a dictionary containing option overrides extracted from option directives in the given source string. `name` is the string's name, and `lineno` is the line number where the example starts; both are used for error messages. """ options = {} # (note: with the current regexp, this will match at most once:) for m in self._OPTION_DIRECTIVE_RE.finditer(source): option_strings = m.group(1).replace(',', ' ').split() for option in option_strings: if (option[0] not in '+-' or option[1:] not in OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME): raise ValueError('line %r of the doctest for %s ' 'has an invalid option: %r' % (lineno+1, name, option)) flag = OPTIONFLAGS_BY_NAME[option[1:]] options[flag] = (option[0] == '+') if options and self._IS_BLANK_OR_COMMENT(source): raise ValueError('line %r of the doctest for %s has an option ' 'directive on a line with no example: %r' % (lineno, name, source)) return options # This regular expression finds the indentation of every non-blank # line in a string. _INDENT_RE = re.compile('^([ ]*)(?=\S)', re.MULTILINE) def _min_indent(self, s): "Return the minimum indentation of any non-blank line in `s`" indents = [len(indent) for indent in self._INDENT_RE.findall(s)] if len(indents) > 0: return min(indents) else: return 0 def _check_prompt_blank(self, lines, indent, name, lineno): """ Given the lines of a source string (including prompts and leading indentation), check to make sure that every prompt is followed by a space character. If any line is not followed by a space character, then raise ValueError. """ for i, line in enumerate(lines): if len(line) >= indent+4 and line[indent+3] != ' ': raise ValueError('line %r of the docstring for %s ' 'lacks blank after %s: %r' % (lineno+i+1, name, line[indent:indent+3], line)) def _check_prefix(self, lines, prefix, name, lineno): """ Check that every line in the given list starts with the given prefix; if any line does not, then raise a ValueError. """ for i, line in enumerate(lines): if line and not line.startswith(prefix): raise ValueError('line %r of the docstring for %s has ' 'inconsistent leading whitespace: %r' % (lineno+i+1, name, line)) ###################################################################### ## 4. DocTest Finder ###################################################################### class DocTestFinder: """ A class used to extract the DocTests that are relevant to a given object, from its docstring and the docstrings of its contained objects. Doctests can currently be extracted from the following object types: modules, functions, classes, methods, staticmethods, classmethods, and properties. """ def __init__(self, verbose=False, parser=DocTestParser(), recurse=True, _namefilter=None, exclude_empty=True): """ Create a new doctest finder. The optional argument `parser` specifies a class or function that should be used to create new DocTest objects (or objects that implement the same interface as DocTest). The signature for this factory function should match the signature of the DocTest constructor. If the optional argument `recurse` is false, then `find` will only examine the given object, and not any contained objects. If the optional argument `exclude_empty` is false, then `find` will include tests for objects with empty docstrings. """ self._parser = parser self._verbose = verbose self._recurse = recurse self._exclude_empty = exclude_empty # _namefilter is undocumented, and exists only for temporary backward- # compatibility support of testmod's deprecated isprivate mess. self._namefilter = _namefilter def find(self, obj, name=None, module=None, globs=None, extraglobs=None): """ Return a list of the DocTests that are defined by the given object's docstring, or by any of its contained objects' docstrings. The optional parameter `module` is the module that contains the given object. If the module is not specified or is None, then the test finder will attempt to automatically determine the correct module. The object's module is used: - As a default namespace, if `globs` is not specified. - To prevent the DocTestFinder from extracting DocTests from objects that are imported from other modules. - To find the name of the file containing the object. - To help find the line number of the object within its file. Contained objects whose module does not match `module` are ignored. If `module` is False, no attempt to find the module will be made. This is obscure, of use mostly in tests: if `module` is False, or is None but cannot be found automatically, then all objects are considered to belong to the (non-existent) module, so all contained objects will (recursively) be searched for doctests. The globals for each DocTest is formed by combining `globs` and `extraglobs` (bindings in `extraglobs` override bindings in `globs`). A new copy of the globals dictionary is created for each DocTest. If `globs` is not specified, then it defaults to the module's `__dict__`, if specified, or {} otherwise. If `extraglobs` is not specified, then it defaults to {}. """ # If name was not specified, then extract it from the object. if name is None: name = getattr(obj, '__name__', None) if name is None: raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: name must be given " "when obj.__name__ doesn't exist: %r" % (type(obj),)) # Find the module that contains the given object (if obj is # a module, then module=obj.). Note: this may fail, in which # case module will be None. if module is False: module = None elif module is None: module = inspect.getmodule(obj) # Read the module's source code. This is used by # DocTestFinder._find_lineno to find the line number for a # given object's docstring. try: file = inspect.getsourcefile(obj) or inspect.getfile(obj) source_lines = linecache.getlines(file) if not source_lines: source_lines = None except TypeError: source_lines = None # Initialize globals, and merge in extraglobs. if globs is None: if module is None: globs = {} else: globs = module.__dict__.copy() else: globs = globs.copy() if extraglobs is not None: globs.update(extraglobs) # Recursively explore `obj`, extracting DocTests. tests = [] self._find(tests, obj, name, module, source_lines, globs, {}) return tests def _filter(self, obj, prefix, base): """ Return true if the given object should not be examined. """ return (self._namefilter is not None and self._namefilter(prefix, base)) def _from_module(self, module, object): """ Return true if the given object is defined in the given module. """ if module is None: return True elif inspect.isfunction(object): return module.__dict__ is object.func_globals elif inspect.isclass(object): return module.__name__ == object.__module__ elif inspect.getmodule(object) is not None: return module is inspect.getmodule(object) elif hasattr(object, '__module__'): return module.__name__ == object.__module__ elif isinstance(object, property): return True # [XX] no way not be sure. else: raise ValueError("object must be a class or function") def _find(self, tests, obj, name, module, source_lines, globs, seen): """ Find tests for the given object and any contained objects, and add them to `tests`. """ if self._verbose: print 'Finding tests in %s' % name # If we've already processed this object, then ignore it. if id(obj) in seen: return seen[id(obj)] = 1 # Find a test for this object, and add it to the list of tests. test = self._get_test(obj, name, module, globs, source_lines) if test is not None: tests.append(test) # Look for tests in a module's contained objects. if inspect.ismodule(obj) and self._recurse: for valname, val in obj.__dict__.items(): # Check if this contained object should be ignored. if self._filter(val, name, valname): continue valname = '%s.%s' % (name, valname) # Recurse to functions & classes. if ((inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val)) and self._from_module(module, val)): self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines, globs, seen) # Look for tests in a module's __test__ dictionary. if inspect.ismodule(obj) and self._recurse: for valname, val in getattr(obj, '__test__', {}).items(): if not isinstance(valname, basestring): raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: __test__ keys " "must be strings: %r" % (type(valname),)) if not (inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val) or inspect.ismethod(val) or inspect.ismodule(val) or isinstance(val, basestring)): raise ValueError("DocTestFinder.find: __test__ values " "must be strings, functions, methods, " "classes, or modules: %r" % (type(val),)) valname = '%s.__test__.%s' % (name, valname) self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines, globs, seen) # Look for tests in a class's contained objects. if inspect.isclass(obj) and self._recurse: for valname, val in obj.__dict__.items(): # Check if this contained object should be ignored. if self._filter(val, name, valname): continue # Special handling for staticmethod/classmethod. if isinstance(val, staticmethod): val = getattr(obj, valname) if isinstance(val, classmethod): val = getattr(obj, valname).im_func # Recurse to methods, properties, and nested classes. if ((inspect.isfunction(val) or inspect.isclass(val) or isinstance(val, property)) and self._from_module(module, val)): valname = '%s.%s' % (name, valname) self._find(tests, val, valname, module, source_lines, globs, seen) def _get_test(self, obj, name, module, globs, source_lines): """ Return a DocTest for the given object, if it defines a docstring; otherwise, return None. """ # Extract the object's docstring. If it doesn't have one, # then return None (no test for this object). if isinstance(obj, basestring): docstring = obj else: try: if obj.__doc__ is None: docstring = '' else: docstring = obj.__doc__ if not isinstance(docstring, basestring): docstring = str(docstring) except (TypeError, AttributeError): docstring = '' # Find the docstring's location in the file. lineno = self._find_lineno(obj, source_lines) # Don't bother if the docstring is empty. if self._exclude_empty and not docstring: return None # Return a DocTest for this object. if module is None: filename = None else: filename = getattr(module, '__file__', module.__name__) if filename[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"): filename = filename[:-1] return self._parser.get_doctest(docstring, globs, name, filename, lineno) def _find_lineno(self, obj, source_lines): """ Return a line number of the given object's docstring. Note: this method assumes that the object has a docstring. """ lineno = None # Find the line number for modules. if inspect.ismodule(obj): lineno = 0 # Find the line number for classes. # Note: this could be fooled if a class is defined multiple # times in a single file. if inspect.isclass(obj): if source_lines is None: return None pat = re.compile(r'^\s*class\s*%s\b' % getattr(obj, '__name__', '-')) for i, line in enumerate(source_lines): if pat.match(line): lineno = i break # Find the line number for functions & methods. if inspect.ismethod(obj): obj = obj.im_func if inspect.isfunction(obj): obj = obj.func_code if inspect.istraceback(obj): obj = obj.tb_frame if inspect.isframe(obj): obj = obj.f_code if inspect.iscode(obj): lineno = getattr(obj, 'co_firstlineno', None)-1 # Find the line number where the docstring starts. Assume # that it's the first line that begins with a quote mark. # Note: this could be fooled by a multiline function # signature, where a continuation line begins with a quote # mark. if lineno is not None: if source_lines is None: return lineno+1 pat = re.compile('(^|.*:)\s*\w*("|\')') for lineno in range(lineno, len(source_lines)): if pat.match(source_lines[lineno]): return lineno # We couldn't find the line number. return None ###################################################################### ## 5. DocTest Runner ###################################################################### class DocTestRunner: """ A class used to run DocTest test cases, and accumulate statistics. The `run` method is used to process a single DocTest case. It returns a tuple `(f, t)`, where `t` is the number of test cases tried, and `f` is the number of test cases that failed. >>> tests = DocTestFinder().find(_TestClass) >>> runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=False) >>> for test in tests: ... print runner.run(test) (0, 2) (0, 1) (0, 2) (0, 2) The `summarize` method prints a summary of all the test cases that have been run by the runner, and returns an aggregated `(f, t)` tuple: >>> runner.summarize(verbose=1) 4 items passed all tests: 2 tests in _TestClass 2 tests in _TestClass.__init__ 2 tests in _TestClass.get 1 tests in _TestClass.square 7 tests in 4 items. 7 passed and 0 failed. Test passed. (0, 7) The aggregated number of tried examples and failed examples is also available via the `tries` and `failures` attributes: >>> runner.tries 7 >>> runner.failures 0 The comparison between expected outputs and actual outputs is done by an `OutputChecker`. This comparison may be customized with a number of option flags; see the documentation for `testmod` for more information. If the option flags are insufficient, then the comparison may also be customized by passing a subclass of `OutputChecker` to the constructor. The test runner's display output can be controlled in two ways. First, an output function (`out) can be passed to `TestRunner.run`; this function will be called with strings that should be displayed. It defaults to `sys.stdout.write`. If capturing the output is not sufficient, then the display output can be also customized by subclassing DocTestRunner, and overriding the methods `report_start`, `report_success`, `report_unexpected_exception`, and `report_failure`. """ # This divider string is used to separate failure messages, and to # separate sections of the summary. DIVIDER = "*" * 70 def __init__(self, checker=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0): """ Create a new test runner. Optional keyword arg `checker` is the `OutputChecker` that should be used to compare the expected outputs and actual outputs of doctest examples. Optional keyword arg 'verbose' prints lots of stuff if true, only failures if false; by default, it's true iff '-v' is in sys.argv. Optional argument `optionflags` can be used to control how the test runner compares expected output to actual output, and how it displays failures. See the documentation for `testmod` for more information. """ self._checker = checker or OutputChecker() if verbose is None: verbose = '-v' in sys.argv self._verbose = verbose self.optionflags = optionflags self.original_optionflags = optionflags # Keep track of the examples we've run. self.tries = 0 self.failures = 0 self._name2ft = {} # Create a fake output target for capturing doctest output. self._fakeout = _SpoofOut() #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Reporting methods #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// def report_start(self, out, test, example): """ Report that the test runner is about to process the given example. (Only displays a message if verbose=True) """ if self._verbose: if example.want: out('Trying:\n' + _indent(example.source) + 'Expecting:\n' + _indent(example.want)) else: out('Trying:\n' + _indent(example.source) + 'Expecting nothing\n') def report_success(self, out, test, example, got): """ Report that the given example ran successfully. (Only displays a message if verbose=True) """ if self._verbose: out("ok\n") def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got): """ Report that the given example failed. """ out(self._failure_header(test, example) + self._checker.output_difference(example, got, self.optionflags)) def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info): """ Report that the given example raised an unexpected exception. """ out(self._failure_header(test, example) + 'Exception raised:\n' + _indent(_exception_traceback(exc_info))) def _failure_header(self, test, example): out = [self.DIVIDER] if test.filename: if test.lineno is not None and example.lineno is not None: lineno = test.lineno + example.lineno + 1 else: lineno = '?' out.append('File "%s", line %s, in %s' % (test.filename, lineno, test.name)) else: out.append('Line %s, in %s' % (example.lineno+1, test.name)) out.append('Failed example:') source = example.source out.append(_indent(source)) return '\n'.join(out) #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # DocTest Running #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// def __run(self, test, compileflags, out): """ Run the examples in `test`. Write the outcome of each example with one of the `DocTestRunner.report_*` methods, using the writer function `out`. `compileflags` is the set of compiler flags that should be used to execute examples. Return a tuple `(f, t)`, where `t` is the number of examples tried, and `f` is the number of examples that failed. The examples are run in the namespace `test.globs`. """ # Keep track of the number of failures and tries. failures = tries = 0 # Save the option flags (since option directives can be used # to modify them). original_optionflags = self.optionflags SUCCESS, FAILURE, BOOM = range(3) # `outcome` state check = self._checker.check_output # Process each example. for examplenum, example in enumerate(test.examples): # If REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE is set, then suppress # reporting after the first failure. quiet = (self.optionflags & REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE and failures > 0) # Merge in the example's options. self.optionflags = original_optionflags if example.options: for (optionflag, val) in example.options.items(): if val: self.optionflags |= optionflag else: self.optionflags &= ~optionflag # Record that we started this example. tries += 1 if not quiet: self.report_start(out, test, example) # Use a special filename for compile(), so we can retrieve # the source code during interactive debugging (see # __patched_linecache_getlines). filename = '<doctest %s[%d]>' % (test.name, examplenum) # Run the example in the given context (globs), and record # any exception that gets raised. (But don't intercept # keyboard interrupts.) try: # Don't blink! This is where the user's code gets run. exec compile(example.source, filename, "single", compileflags, 1) in test.globs self.debugger.set_continue() # ==== Example Finished ==== exception = None except KeyboardInterrupt: raise except: exception = sys.exc_info() self.debugger.set_continue() # ==== Example Finished ==== got = self._fakeout.getvalue() # the actual output self._fakeout.truncate(0) outcome = FAILURE # guilty until proved innocent or insane # If the example executed without raising any exceptions, # verify its output. if exception is None: if check(example.want, got, self.optionflags): outcome = SUCCESS # The example raised an exception: check if it was expected. else: exc_info = sys.exc_info() exc_msg = traceback.format_exception_only(*exc_info[:2])[-1] if not quiet: got += _exception_traceback(exc_info) # If `example.exc_msg` is None, then we weren't expecting # an exception. if example.exc_msg is None: outcome = BOOM # We expected an exception: see whether it matches. elif check(example.exc_msg, exc_msg, self.optionflags): outcome = SUCCESS # Another chance if they didn't care about the detail. elif self.optionflags & IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL: m1 = re.match(r'[^:]*:', example.exc_msg) m2 = re.match(r'[^:]*:', exc_msg) if m1 and m2 and check(m1.group(0), m2.group(0), self.optionflags): outcome = SUCCESS # Report the outcome. if outcome is SUCCESS: if not quiet: self.report_success(out, test, example, got) elif outcome is FAILURE: if not quiet: self.report_failure(out, test, example, got) failures += 1 elif outcome is BOOM: if not quiet: self.report_unexpected_exception(out, test, example, exc_info) failures += 1 else: assert False, ("unknown outcome", outcome) # Restore the option flags (in case they were modified) self.optionflags = original_optionflags # Record and return the number of failures and tries. self.__record_outcome(test, failures, tries) return failures, tries def __record_outcome(self, test, f, t): """ Record the fact that the given DocTest (`test`) generated `f` failures out of `t` tried examples. """ f2, t2 = self._name2ft.get(test.name, (0,0)) self._name2ft[test.name] = (f+f2, t+t2) self.failures += f self.tries += t __LINECACHE_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r'<doctest ' r'(?P<name>[\w\.]+)' r'\[(?P<examplenum>\d+)\]>$') def __patched_linecache_getlines(self, filename, module_globals=None): m = self.__LINECACHE_FILENAME_RE.match(filename) if m and m.group('name') == self.test.name: example = self.test.examples[int(m.group('examplenum'))] return example.source.splitlines(True) else: if sys.version_info < (2, 5, 0): return self.save_linecache_getlines(filename) else: return self.save_linecache_getlines(filename, module_globals) def run(self, test, compileflags=None, out=None, clear_globs=True): """ Run the examples in `test`, and display the results using the writer function `out`. The examples are run in the namespace `test.globs`. If `clear_globs` is true (the default), then this namespace will be cleared after the test runs, to help with garbage collection. If you would like to examine the namespace after the test completes, then use `clear_globs=False`. `compileflags` gives the set of flags that should be used by the Python compiler when running the examples. If not specified, then it will default to the set of future-import flags that apply to `globs`. The output of each example is checked using `DocTestRunner.check_output`, and the results are formatted by the `DocTestRunner.report_*` methods. """ self.test = test if compileflags is None: compileflags = _extract_future_flags(test.globs) save_stdout = sys.stdout if out is None: out = save_stdout.write sys.stdout = self._fakeout # Patch pdb.set_trace to restore sys.stdout during interactive # debugging (so it's not still redirected to self._fakeout). # Note that the interactive output will go to *our* # save_stdout, even if that's not the real sys.stdout; this # allows us to write test cases for the set_trace behavior. save_set_trace = pdb.set_trace self.debugger = _OutputRedirectingPdb(save_stdout) self.debugger.reset() pdb.set_trace = self.debugger.set_trace # Patch linecache.getlines, so we can see the example's source # when we're inside the debugger. self.save_linecache_getlines = linecache.getlines linecache.getlines = self.__patched_linecache_getlines try: return self.__run(test, compileflags, out) finally: sys.stdout = save_stdout pdb.set_trace = save_set_trace linecache.getlines = self.save_linecache_getlines if clear_globs: test.globs.clear() #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Summarization #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// def summarize(self, verbose=None): """ Print a summary of all the test cases that have been run by this DocTestRunner, and return a tuple `(f, t)`, where `f` is the total number of failed examples, and `t` is the total number of tried examples. The optional `verbose` argument controls how detailed the summary is. If the verbosity is not specified, then the DocTestRunner's verbosity is used. """ if verbose is None: verbose = self._verbose notests = [] passed = [] failed = [] totalt = totalf = 0 for x in self._name2ft.items(): name, (f, t) = x assert f <= t totalt += t totalf += f if t == 0: notests.append(name) elif f == 0: passed.append( (name, t) ) else: failed.append(x) if verbose: if notests: print len(notests), "items had no tests:" notests.sort() for thing in notests: print " ", thing if passed: print len(passed), "items passed all tests:" passed.sort() for thing, count in passed: print " %3d tests in %s" % (count, thing) if failed: print self.DIVIDER print len(failed), "items had failures:" failed.sort() for thing, (f, t) in failed: print " %3d of %3d in %s" % (f, t, thing) if verbose: print totalt, "tests in", len(self._name2ft), "items." print totalt - totalf, "passed and", totalf, "failed." if totalf: print "***Test Failed***", totalf, "failures." elif verbose: print "Test passed." return totalf, totalt #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Backward compatibility cruft to maintain doctest.master. #///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// def merge(self, other): d = self._name2ft for name, (f, t) in other._name2ft.items(): if name in d: print "*** DocTestRunner.merge: '" + name + "' in both" \ " testers; summing outcomes." f2, t2 = d[name] f = f + f2 t = t + t2 d[name] = f, t class OutputChecker: """ A class used to check the whether the actual output from a doctest example matches the expected output. `OutputChecker` defines two methods: `check_output`, which compares a given pair of outputs, and returns true if they match; and `output_difference`, which returns a string describing the differences between two outputs. """ def check_output(self, want, got, optionflags): """ Return True iff the actual output from an example (`got`) matches the expected output (`want`). These strings are always considered to match if they are identical; but depending on what option flags the test runner is using, several non-exact match types are also possible. See the documentation for `TestRunner` for more information about option flags. """ # Handle the common case first, for efficiency: # if they're string-identical, always return true. if got == want: return True # The values True and False replaced 1 and 0 as the return # value for boolean comparisons in Python 2.3. if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1): if (got,want) == ("True\n", "1\n"): return True if (got,want) == ("False\n", "0\n"): return True # <BLANKLINE> can be used as a special sequence to signify a # blank line, unless the DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE flag is used. if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE): # Replace <BLANKLINE> in want with a blank line. want = re.sub('(?m)^%s\s*?$' % re.escape(BLANKLINE_MARKER), '', want) # If a line in got contains only spaces, then remove the # spaces. got = re.sub('(?m)^\s*?$', '', got) if got == want: return True # This flag causes doctest to ignore any differences in the # contents of whitespace strings. Note that this can be used # in conjunction with the ELLIPSIS flag. if optionflags & NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE: got = ' '.join(got.split()) want = ' '.join(want.split()) if got == want: return True # The ELLIPSIS flag says to let the sequence "..." in `want` # match any substring in `got`. if optionflags & ELLIPSIS: if _ellipsis_match(want, got): return True # We didn't find any match; return false. return False # Should we do a fancy diff? def _do_a_fancy_diff(self, want, got, optionflags): # Not unless they asked for a fancy diff. if not optionflags & (REPORT_UDIFF | REPORT_CDIFF | REPORT_NDIFF): return False # If expected output uses ellipsis, a meaningful fancy diff is # too hard ... or maybe not. In two real-life failures Tim saw, # a diff was a major help anyway, so this is commented out. # [todo] _ellipsis_match() knows which pieces do and don't match, # and could be the basis for a kick-ass diff in this case. ##if optionflags & ELLIPSIS and ELLIPSIS_MARKER in want: ## return False # ndiff does intraline difference marking, so can be useful even # for 1-line differences. if optionflags & REPORT_NDIFF: return True # The other diff types need at least a few lines to be helpful. return want.count('\n') > 2 and got.count('\n') > 2 def output_difference(self, example, got, optionflags): """ Return a string describing the differences between the expected output for a given example (`example`) and the actual output (`got`). `optionflags` is the set of option flags used to compare `want` and `got`. """ want = example.want # If <BLANKLINE>s are being used, then replace blank lines # with <BLANKLINE> in the actual output string. if not (optionflags & DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE): got = re.sub('(?m)^[ ]*(?=\n)', BLANKLINE_MARKER, got) # Check if we should use diff. if self._do_a_fancy_diff(want, got, optionflags): # Split want & got into lines. want_lines = want.splitlines(True) # True == keep line ends got_lines = got.splitlines(True) # Use difflib to find their differences. if optionflags & REPORT_UDIFF: diff = difflib.unified_diff(want_lines, got_lines, n=2) diff = list(diff)[2:] # strip the diff header kind = 'unified diff with -expected +actual' elif optionflags & REPORT_CDIFF: diff = difflib.context_diff(want_lines, got_lines, n=2) diff = list(diff)[2:] # strip the diff header kind = 'context diff with expected followed by actual' elif optionflags & REPORT_NDIFF: engine = difflib.Differ(charjunk=difflib.IS_CHARACTER_JUNK) diff = list(engine.compare(want_lines, got_lines)) kind = 'ndiff with -expected +actual' else: assert 0, 'Bad diff option' # Remove trailing whitespace on diff output. diff = [line.rstrip() + '\n' for line in diff] return 'Differences (%s):\n' % kind + _indent(''.join(diff)) # If we're not using diff, then simply list the expected # output followed by the actual output. if want and got: return 'Expected:\n%sGot:\n%s' % (_indent(want), _indent(got)) elif want: return 'Expected:\n%sGot nothing\n' % _indent(want) elif got: return 'Expected nothing\nGot:\n%s' % _indent(got) else: return 'Expected nothing\nGot nothing\n' class DocTestFailure(Exception): """A DocTest example has failed in debugging mode. The exception instance has variables: - test: the DocTest object being run - excample: the Example object that failed - got: the actual output """ def __init__(self, test, example, got): self.test = test self.example = example self.got = got def __str__(self): return str(self.test) class UnexpectedException(Exception): """A DocTest example has encountered an unexpected exception The exception instance has variables: - test: the DocTest object being run - excample: the Example object that failed - exc_info: the exception info """ def __init__(self, test, example, exc_info): self.test = test self.example = example self.exc_info = exc_info def __str__(self): return str(self.test) class DebugRunner(DocTestRunner): r"""Run doc tests but raise an exception as soon as there is a failure. If an unexpected exception occurs, an UnexpectedException is raised. It contains the test, the example, and the original exception: >>> runner = DebugRunner(verbose=False) >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('>>> raise KeyError\n42', ... {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> try: ... runner.run(test) ... except UnexpectedException, failure: ... pass >>> failure.test is test True >>> failure.example.want '42\n' >>> exc_info = failure.exc_info >>> raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2] Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError We wrap the original exception to give the calling application access to the test and example information. If the output doesn't match, then a DocTestFailure is raised: >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(''' ... >>> x = 1 ... >>> x ... 2 ... ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> try: ... runner.run(test) ... except DocTestFailure, failure: ... pass DocTestFailure objects provide access to the test: >>> failure.test is test True As well as to the example: >>> failure.example.want '2\n' and the actual output: >>> failure.got '1\n' If a failure or error occurs, the globals are left intact: >>> del test.globs['__builtins__'] >>> test.globs {'x': 1} >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(''' ... >>> x = 2 ... >>> raise KeyError ... ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> runner.run(test) Traceback (most recent call last): ... UnexpectedException: <DocTest foo from foo.py:0 (2 examples)> >>> del test.globs['__builtins__'] >>> test.globs {'x': 2} But the globals are cleared if there is no error: >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(''' ... >>> x = 2 ... ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> runner.run(test) (0, 1) >>> test.globs {} """ def run(self, test, compileflags=None, out=None, clear_globs=True): r = DocTestRunner.run(self, test, compileflags, out, False) if clear_globs: test.globs.clear() return r def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info): raise UnexpectedException(test, example, exc_info) def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got): raise DocTestFailure(test, example, got) ###################################################################### ## 6. Test Functions ###################################################################### # These should be backwards compatible. # For backward compatibility, a global instance of a DocTestRunner # class, updated by testmod. master = None def testmod(m=None, name=None, globs=None, verbose=None, isprivate=None, report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, exclude_empty=False): """m=None, name=None, globs=None, verbose=None, isprivate=None, report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, exclude_empty=False Test examples in docstrings in functions and classes reachable from module m (or the current module if m is not supplied), starting with m.__doc__. Unless isprivate is specified, private names are not skipped. Also test examples reachable from dict m.__test__ if it exists and is not None. m.__test__ maps names to functions, classes and strings; function and class docstrings are tested even if the name is private; strings are tested directly, as if they were docstrings. Return (#failures, #tests). See doctest.__doc__ for an overview. Optional keyword arg "name" gives the name of the module; by default use m.__name__. Optional keyword arg "globs" gives a dict to be used as the globals when executing examples; by default, use m.__dict__. A copy of this dict is actually used for each docstring, so that each docstring's examples start with a clean slate. Optional keyword arg "extraglobs" gives a dictionary that should be merged into the globals that are used to execute examples. By default, no extra globals are used. This is new in 2.4. Optional keyword arg "verbose" prints lots of stuff if true, prints only failures if false; by default, it's true iff "-v" is in sys.argv. Optional keyword arg "report" prints a summary at the end when true, else prints nothing at the end. In verbose mode, the summary is detailed, else very brief (in fact, empty if all tests passed). Optional keyword arg "optionflags" or's together module constants, and defaults to 0. This is new in 2.3. Possible values (see the docs for details): DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE ELLIPSIS IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL REPORT_UDIFF REPORT_CDIFF REPORT_NDIFF REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE Optional keyword arg "raise_on_error" raises an exception on the first unexpected exception or failure. This allows failures to be post-mortem debugged. Deprecated in Python 2.4: Optional keyword arg "isprivate" specifies a function used to determine whether a name is private. The default function is treat all functions as public. Optionally, "isprivate" can be set to doctest.is_private to skip over functions marked as private using the underscore naming convention; see its docs for details. Advanced tomfoolery: testmod runs methods of a local instance of class doctest.Tester, then merges the results into (or creates) global Tester instance doctest.master. Methods of doctest.master can be called directly too, if you want to do something unusual. Passing report=0 to testmod is especially useful then, to delay displaying a summary. Invoke doctest.master.summarize(verbose) when you're done fiddling. """ global master if isprivate is not None: warnings.warn("the isprivate argument is deprecated; " "examine DocTestFinder.find() lists instead", DeprecationWarning) # If no module was given, then use __main__. if m is None: # DWA - m will still be None if this wasn't invoked from the command # line, in which case the following TypeError is about as good an error # as we should expect m = sys.modules.get('__main__') # Check that we were actually given a module. if not inspect.ismodule(m): raise TypeError("testmod: module required; %r" % (m,)) # If no name was given, then use the module's name. if name is None: name = m.__name__ # Find, parse, and run all tests in the given module. finder = DocTestFinder(_namefilter=isprivate, exclude_empty=exclude_empty) if raise_on_error: runner = DebugRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) else: runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) for test in finder.find(m, name, globs=globs, extraglobs=extraglobs): runner.run(test) if report: runner.summarize() if master is None: master = runner else: master.merge(runner) return runner.failures, runner.tries def testfile(filename, module_relative=True, name=None, package=None, globs=None, verbose=None, report=True, optionflags=0, extraglobs=None, raise_on_error=False, parser=DocTestParser()): """ Test examples in the given file. Return (#failures, #tests). Optional keyword arg "module_relative" specifies how filenames should be interpreted: - If "module_relative" is True (the default), then "filename" specifies a module-relative path. By default, this path is relative to the calling module's directory; but if the "package" argument is specified, then it is relative to that package. To ensure os-independence, "filename" should use "/" characters to separate path segments, and should not be an absolute path (i.e., it may not begin with "/"). - If "module_relative" is False, then "filename" specifies an os-specific path. The path may be absolute or relative (to the current working directory). Optional keyword arg "name" gives the name of the test; by default use the file's basename. Optional keyword argument "package" is a Python package or the name of a Python package whose directory should be used as the base directory for a module relative filename. If no package is specified, then the calling module's directory is used as the base directory for module relative filenames. It is an error to specify "package" if "module_relative" is False. Optional keyword arg "globs" gives a dict to be used as the globals when executing examples; by default, use {}. A copy of this dict is actually used for each docstring, so that each docstring's examples start with a clean slate. Optional keyword arg "extraglobs" gives a dictionary that should be merged into the globals that are used to execute examples. By default, no extra globals are used. Optional keyword arg "verbose" prints lots of stuff if true, prints only failures if false; by default, it's true iff "-v" is in sys.argv. Optional keyword arg "report" prints a summary at the end when true, else prints nothing at the end. In verbose mode, the summary is detailed, else very brief (in fact, empty if all tests passed). Optional keyword arg "optionflags" or's together module constants, and defaults to 0. Possible values (see the docs for details): DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE ELLIPSIS IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL REPORT_UDIFF REPORT_CDIFF REPORT_NDIFF REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE Optional keyword arg "raise_on_error" raises an exception on the first unexpected exception or failure. This allows failures to be post-mortem debugged. Optional keyword arg "parser" specifies a DocTestParser (or subclass) that should be used to extract tests from the files. Advanced tomfoolery: testmod runs methods of a local instance of class doctest.Tester, then merges the results into (or creates) global Tester instance doctest.master. Methods of doctest.master can be called directly too, if you want to do something unusual. Passing report=0 to testmod is especially useful then, to delay displaying a summary. Invoke doctest.master.summarize(verbose) when you're done fiddling. """ global master if package and not module_relative: raise ValueError("Package may only be specified for module-" "relative paths.") # Relativize the path if module_relative: package = _normalize_module(package) filename = _module_relative_path(package, filename) # If no name was given, then use the file's name. if name is None: name = os.path.basename(filename) # Assemble the globals. if globs is None: globs = {} else: globs = globs.copy() if extraglobs is not None: globs.update(extraglobs) if raise_on_error: runner = DebugRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) else: runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) # Read the file, convert it to a test, and run it. s = open(filename).read() test = parser.get_doctest(s, globs, name, filename, 0) runner.run(test) if report: runner.summarize() if master is None: master = runner else: master.merge(runner) return runner.failures, runner.tries def run_docstring_examples(f, globs, verbose=False, name="NoName", compileflags=None, optionflags=0): """ Test examples in the given object's docstring (`f`), using `globs` as globals. Optional argument `name` is used in failure messages. If the optional argument `verbose` is true, then generate output even if there are no failures. `compileflags` gives the set of flags that should be used by the Python compiler when running the examples. If not specified, then it will default to the set of future-import flags that apply to `globs`. Optional keyword arg `optionflags` specifies options for the testing and output. See the documentation for `testmod` for more information. """ # Find, parse, and run all tests in the given module. finder = DocTestFinder(verbose=verbose, recurse=False) runner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) for test in finder.find(f, name, globs=globs): runner.run(test, compileflags=compileflags) ###################################################################### ## 7. Tester ###################################################################### # This is provided only for backwards compatibility. It's not # actually used in any way. class Tester: def __init__(self, mod=None, globs=None, verbose=None, isprivate=None, optionflags=0): warnings.warn("class Tester is deprecated; " "use class doctest.DocTestRunner instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) if mod is None and globs is None: raise TypeError("Tester.__init__: must specify mod or globs") if mod is not None and not inspect.ismodule(mod): raise TypeError("Tester.__init__: mod must be a module; %r" % (mod,)) if globs is None: globs = mod.__dict__ self.globs = globs self.verbose = verbose self.isprivate = isprivate self.optionflags = optionflags self.testfinder = DocTestFinder(_namefilter=isprivate) self.testrunner = DocTestRunner(verbose=verbose, optionflags=optionflags) def runstring(self, s, name): test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(s, self.globs, name, None, None) if self.verbose: print "Running string", name (f,t) = self.testrunner.run(test) if self.verbose: print f, "of", t, "examples failed in string", name return (f,t) def rundoc(self, object, name=None, module=None): f = t = 0 tests = self.testfinder.find(object, name, module=module, globs=self.globs) for test in tests: (f2, t2) = self.testrunner.run(test) (f,t) = (f+f2, t+t2) return (f,t) def rundict(self, d, name, module=None): import new m = new.module(name) m.__dict__.update(d) if module is None: module = False return self.rundoc(m, name, module) def run__test__(self, d, name): import new m = new.module(name) m.__test__ = d return self.rundoc(m, name) def summarize(self, verbose=None): return self.testrunner.summarize(verbose) def merge(self, other): self.testrunner.merge(other.testrunner) ###################################################################### ## 8. Unittest Support ###################################################################### _unittest_reportflags = 0 def set_unittest_reportflags(flags): """Sets the unittest option flags. The old flag is returned so that a runner could restore the old value if it wished to: >>> old = _unittest_reportflags >>> set_unittest_reportflags(REPORT_NDIFF | ... REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE) == old True >>> import doctest >>> doctest._unittest_reportflags == (REPORT_NDIFF | ... REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE) True Only reporting flags can be set: >>> set_unittest_reportflags(ELLIPSIS) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: ('Only reporting flags allowed', 8) >>> set_unittest_reportflags(old) == (REPORT_NDIFF | ... REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE) True """ global _unittest_reportflags if (flags & REPORTING_FLAGS) != flags: raise ValueError("Only reporting flags allowed", flags) old = _unittest_reportflags _unittest_reportflags = flags return old class DocTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def __init__(self, test, optionflags=0, setUp=None, tearDown=None, checker=None, runner=DocTestRunner): unittest.TestCase.__init__(self) self._dt_optionflags = optionflags self._dt_checker = checker self._dt_test = test self._dt_setUp = setUp self._dt_tearDown = tearDown self._dt_runner = runner def setUp(self): test = self._dt_test if self._dt_setUp is not None: self._dt_setUp(test) def tearDown(self): test = self._dt_test if self._dt_tearDown is not None: self._dt_tearDown(test) test.globs.clear() def runTest(self): test = self._dt_test old = sys.stdout new = StringIO() optionflags = self._dt_optionflags if not (optionflags & REPORTING_FLAGS): # The option flags don't include any reporting flags, # so add the default reporting flags optionflags |= _unittest_reportflags runner = self._dt_runner(optionflags=optionflags, checker=self._dt_checker, verbose=False) try: runner.DIVIDER = "-"*70 failures, tries = runner.run( test, out=new.write, clear_globs=False) finally: sys.stdout = old if failures: raise self.failureException(self.format_failure(new.getvalue())) def format_failure(self, err): test = self._dt_test if test.lineno is None: lineno = 'unknown line number' else: lineno = '%s' % test.lineno lname = '.'.join(test.name.split('.')[-1:]) return ('Failed doctest test for %s\n' ' File "%s", line %s, in %s\n\n%s' % (test.name, test.filename, lineno, lname, err) ) def debug(self): r"""Run the test case without results and without catching exceptions The unit test framework includes a debug method on test cases and test suites to support post-mortem debugging. The test code is run in such a way that errors are not caught. This way a caller can catch the errors and initiate post-mortem debugging. The DocTestCase provides a debug method that raises UnexpectedException errors if there is an unexepcted exception: >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest('>>> raise KeyError\n42', ... {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> case = DocTestCase(test) >>> try: ... case.debug() ... except UnexpectedException, failure: ... pass The UnexpectedException contains the test, the example, and the original exception: >>> failure.test is test True >>> failure.example.want '42\n' >>> exc_info = failure.exc_info >>> raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2] Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError If the output doesn't match, then a DocTestFailure is raised: >>> test = DocTestParser().get_doctest(''' ... >>> x = 1 ... >>> x ... 2 ... ''', {}, 'foo', 'foo.py', 0) >>> case = DocTestCase(test) >>> try: ... case.debug() ... except DocTestFailure, failure: ... pass DocTestFailure objects provide access to the test: >>> failure.test is test True As well as to the example: >>> failure.example.want '2\n' and the actual output: >>> failure.got '1\n' """ self.setUp() runner = DebugRunner(optionflags=self._dt_optionflags, checker=self._dt_checker, verbose=False) runner.run(self._dt_test) self.tearDown() def id(self): return self._dt_test.name def __repr__(self): name = self._dt_test.name.split('.') return "%s (%s)" % (name[-1], '.'.join(name[:-1])) __str__ = __repr__ def shortDescription(self): return "Doctest: " + self._dt_test.name def DocTestSuite(module=None, globs=None, extraglobs=None, test_finder=None, test_class=DocTestCase, **options): """ Convert doctest tests for a module to a unittest test suite. This converts each documentation string in a module that contains doctest tests to a unittest test case. If any of the tests in a doc string fail, then the test case fails. An exception is raised showing the name of the file containing the test and a (sometimes approximate) line number. The `module` argument provides the module to be tested. The argument can be either a module or a module name. If no argument is given, the calling module is used. A number of options may be provided as keyword arguments: setUp A set-up function. This is called before running the tests in each file. The setUp function will be passed a DocTest object. The setUp function can access the test globals as the globs attribute of the test passed. tearDown A tear-down function. This is called after running the tests in each file. The tearDown function will be passed a DocTest object. The tearDown function can access the test globals as the globs attribute of the test passed. globs A dictionary containing initial global variables for the tests. optionflags A set of doctest option flags expressed as an integer. """ if test_finder is None: test_finder = DocTestFinder() module = _normalize_module(module) tests = test_finder.find(module, globs=globs, extraglobs=extraglobs) if globs is None: globs = module.__dict__ if not tests: # Why do we want to do this? Because it reveals a bug that might # otherwise be hidden. raise ValueError(module, "has no tests") tests.sort() suite = unittest.TestSuite() for test in tests: if len(test.examples) == 0: continue if not test.filename: filename = module.__file__ if filename[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"): filename = filename[:-1] test.filename = filename suite.addTest(test_class(test, **options)) return suite class DocFileCase(DocTestCase): def id(self): return '_'.join(self._dt_test.name.split('.')) def __repr__(self): return self._dt_test.filename __str__ = __repr__ def format_failure(self, err): return ('Failed doctest test for %s\n File "%s", line 0\n\n%s' % (self._dt_test.name, self._dt_test.filename, err) ) def DocFileTest(path, module_relative=True, package=None, globs=None, parser=DocTestParser(), **options): if globs is None: globs = {} if package and not module_relative: raise ValueError("Package may only be specified for module-" "relative paths.") # Relativize the path. if module_relative: package = _normalize_module(package) path = _module_relative_path(package, path) # Find the file and read it. name = os.path.basename(path) doc = open(path).read() # Convert it to a test, and wrap it in a DocFileCase. test = parser.get_doctest(doc, globs, name, path, 0) return DocFileCase(test, **options) def DocFileSuite(*paths, **kw): """A unittest suite for one or more doctest files. The path to each doctest file is given as a string; the interpretation of that string depends on the keyword argument "module_relative". A number of options may be provided as keyword arguments: module_relative If "module_relative" is True, then the given file paths are interpreted as os-independent module-relative paths. By default, these paths are relative to the calling module's directory; but if the "package" argument is specified, then they are relative to that package. To ensure os-independence, "filename" should use "/" characters to separate path segments, and may not be an absolute path (i.e., it may not begin with "/"). If "module_relative" is False, then the given file paths are interpreted as os-specific paths. These paths may be absolute or relative (to the current working directory). package A Python package or the name of a Python package whose directory should be used as the base directory for module relative paths. If "package" is not specified, then the calling module's directory is used as the base directory for module relative filenames. It is an error to specify "package" if "module_relative" is False. setUp A set-up function. This is called before running the tests in each file. The setUp function will be passed a DocTest object. The setUp function can access the test globals as the globs attribute of the test passed. tearDown A tear-down function. This is called after running the tests in each file. The tearDown function will be passed a DocTest object. The tearDown function can access the test globals as the globs attribute of the test passed. globs A dictionary containing initial global variables for the tests. optionflags A set of doctest option flags expressed as an integer. parser A DocTestParser (or subclass) that should be used to extract tests from the files. """ suite = unittest.TestSuite() # We do this here so that _normalize_module is called at the right # level. If it were called in DocFileTest, then this function # would be the caller and we might guess the package incorrectly. if kw.get('module_relative', True): kw['package'] = _normalize_module(kw.get('package')) for path in paths: suite.addTest(DocFileTest(path, **kw)) return suite ###################################################################### ## 9. Debugging Support ###################################################################### def script_from_examples(s): r"""Extract script from text with examples. Converts text with examples to a Python script. Example input is converted to regular code. Example output and all other words are converted to comments: >>> text = ''' ... Here are examples of simple math. ... ... Python has super accurate integer addition ... ... >>> 2 + 2 ... 5 ... ... And very friendly error messages: ... ... >>> 1/0 ... To Infinity ... And ... Beyond ... ... You can use logic if you want: ... ... >>> if 0: ... ... blah ... ... blah ... ... ... ... Ho hum ... ''' >>> print script_from_examples(text) # Here are examples of simple math. # # Python has super accurate integer addition # 2 + 2 # Expected: ## 5 # # And very friendly error messages: # 1/0 # Expected: ## To Infinity ## And ## Beyond # # You can use logic if you want: # if 0: blah blah # # Ho hum """ output = [] for piece in DocTestParser().parse(s): if isinstance(piece, Example): # Add the example's source code (strip trailing NL) output.append(piece.source[:-1]) # Add the expected output: want = piece.want if want: output.append('# Expected:') output += ['## '+l for l in want.split('\n')[:-1]] else: # Add non-example text. output += [_comment_line(l) for l in piece.split('\n')[:-1]] # Trim junk on both ends. while output and output[-1] == '#': output.pop() while output and output[0] == '#': output.pop(0) # Combine the output, and return it. return '\n'.join(output) def testsource(module, name): """Extract the test sources from a doctest docstring as a script. Provide the module (or dotted name of the module) containing the test to be debugged and the name (within the module) of the object with the doc string with tests to be debugged. """ module = _normalize_module(module) tests = DocTestFinder().find(module) test = [t for t in tests if t.name == name] if not test: raise ValueError(name, "not found in tests") test = test[0] testsrc = script_from_examples(test.docstring) return testsrc def debug_src(src, pm=False, globs=None): """Debug a single doctest docstring, in argument `src`'""" testsrc = script_from_examples(src) debug_script(testsrc, pm, globs) def debug_script(src, pm=False, globs=None): "Debug a test script. `src` is the script, as a string." import pdb # Note that tempfile.NameTemporaryFile() cannot be used. As the # docs say, a file so created cannot be opened by name a second time # on modern Windows boxes, and execfile() needs to open it. srcfilename = tempfile.mktemp(".py", "doctestdebug") f = open(srcfilename, 'w') f.write(src) f.close() try: if globs: globs = globs.copy() else: globs = {} if pm: try: execfile(srcfilename, globs, globs) except: print sys.exc_info()[1] pdb.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2]) else: # Note that %r is vital here. '%s' instead can, e.g., cause # backslashes to get treated as metacharacters on Windows. pdb.run("execfile(%r)" % srcfilename, globs, globs) finally: os.remove(srcfilename) def debug(module, name, pm=False): """Debug a single doctest docstring. Provide the module (or dotted name of the module) containing the test to be debugged and the name (within the module) of the object with the docstring with tests to be debugged. """ module = _normalize_module(module) testsrc = testsource(module, name) debug_script(testsrc, pm, module.__dict__) ###################################################################### ## 10. Example Usage ###################################################################### class _TestClass: """ A pointless class, for sanity-checking of docstring testing. Methods: square() get() >>> _TestClass(13).get() + _TestClass(-12).get() 1 >>> hex(_TestClass(13).square().get()) '0xa9' """ def __init__(self, val): """val -> _TestClass object with associated value val. >>> t = _TestClass(123) >>> print t.get() 123 """ self.val = val def square(self): """square() -> square TestClass's associated value >>> _TestClass(13).square().get() 169 """ self.val = self.val ** 2 return self def get(self): """get() -> return TestClass's associated value. >>> x = _TestClass(-42) >>> print x.get() -42 """ return self.val __test__ = {"_TestClass": _TestClass, "string": r""" Example of a string object, searched as-is. >>> x = 1; y = 2 >>> x + y, x * y (3, 2) """, "bool-int equivalence": r""" In 2.2, boolean expressions displayed 0 or 1. By default, we still accept them. This can be disabled by passing DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1 to the new optionflags argument. >>> 4 == 4 1 >>> 4 == 4 True >>> 4 > 4 0 >>> 4 > 4 False """, "blank lines": r""" Blank lines can be marked with <BLANKLINE>: >>> print 'foo\n\nbar\n' foo <BLANKLINE> bar <BLANKLINE> """, "ellipsis": r""" If the ellipsis flag is used, then '...' can be used to elide substrings in the desired output: >>> print range(1000) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS [0, 1, 2, ..., 999] """, "whitespace normalization": r""" If the whitespace normalization flag is used, then differences in whitespace are ignored. >>> print range(30) #doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29] """, } def _test(): r = unittest.TextTestRunner() r.run(DocTestSuite()) if __name__ == "__main__": _test()
Python
from django.dispatch import Signal template_rendered = Signal(providing_args=["template", "context"])
Python
import sys import time import os import warnings from django.conf import settings from django.core import mail from django.core.mail.backends import locmem from django.test import signals from django.template import Template, loader, TemplateDoesNotExist from django.template.loaders import cached from django.utils.translation import deactivate __all__ = ('Approximate', 'ContextList', 'setup_test_environment', 'teardown_test_environment', 'get_runner') RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR = '_original_template_source_loaders' class Approximate(object): def __init__(self, val, places=7): self.val = val self.places = places def __repr__(self): return repr(self.val) def __eq__(self, other): if self.val == other: return True return round(abs(self.val-other), self.places) == 0 class ContextList(list): """A wrapper that provides direct key access to context items contained in a list of context objects. """ def __getitem__(self, key): if isinstance(key, basestring): for subcontext in self: if key in subcontext: return subcontext[key] raise KeyError(key) else: return super(ContextList, self).__getitem__(key) def __contains__(self, key): try: value = self[key] except KeyError: return False return True def instrumented_test_render(self, context): """ An instrumented Template render method, providing a signal that can be intercepted by the test system Client """ signals.template_rendered.send(sender=self, template=self, context=context) return self.nodelist.render(context) def setup_test_environment(): """Perform any global pre-test setup. This involves: - Installing the instrumented test renderer - Set the email backend to the locmem email backend. - Setting the active locale to match the LANGUAGE_CODE setting. """ Template.original_render = Template._render Template._render = instrumented_test_render mail.original_SMTPConnection = mail.SMTPConnection mail.SMTPConnection = locmem.EmailBackend mail.original_email_backend = settings.EMAIL_BACKEND settings.EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend' mail.outbox = [] deactivate() def teardown_test_environment(): """Perform any global post-test teardown. This involves: - Restoring the original test renderer - Restoring the email sending functions """ Template._render = Template.original_render del Template.original_render mail.SMTPConnection = mail.original_SMTPConnection del mail.original_SMTPConnection settings.EMAIL_BACKEND = mail.original_email_backend del mail.original_email_backend del mail.outbox def get_warnings_state(): """ Returns an object containing the state of the warnings module """ # There is no public interface for doing this, but this implementation of # get_warnings_state and restore_warnings_state appears to work on Python # 2.4 to 2.7. return warnings.filters[:] def restore_warnings_state(state): """ Restores the state of the warnings module when passed an object that was returned by get_warnings_state() """ warnings.filters = state[:] def get_runner(settings): test_path = settings.TEST_RUNNER.split('.') # Allow for Python 2.5 relative paths if len(test_path) > 1: test_module_name = '.'.join(test_path[:-1]) else: test_module_name = '.' test_module = __import__(test_module_name, {}, {}, test_path[-1]) test_runner = getattr(test_module, test_path[-1]) return test_runner def setup_test_template_loader(templates_dict, use_cached_loader=False): """ Changes Django to only find templates from within a dictionary (where each key is the template name and each value is the corresponding template content to return). Use meth:`restore_template_loaders` to restore the original loaders. """ if hasattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR): raise Exception("loader.%s already exists" % RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR) def test_template_loader(template_name, template_dirs=None): "A custom template loader that loads templates from a dictionary." try: return (templates_dict[template_name], "test:%s" % template_name) except KeyError: raise TemplateDoesNotExist(template_name) if use_cached_loader: template_loader = cached.Loader(('test_template_loader',)) template_loader._cached_loaders = (test_template_loader,) else: template_loader = test_template_loader setattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR, loader.template_source_loaders) loader.template_source_loaders = (template_loader,) return template_loader def restore_template_loaders(): """ Restores the original template loaders after :meth:`setup_test_template_loader` has been run. """ loader.template_source_loaders = getattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR) delattr(loader, RESTORE_LOADERS_ATTR)
Python
""" Django Unit Test and Doctest framework. """ from django.test.client import Client, RequestFactory from django.test.testcases import TestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature from django.test.utils import Approximate
Python
from dbindexer import autodiscover autodiscover()
Python
from itemTools.models import items from itemTools.views import expiry from django.http import HttpResponse import logging import datetime def chk_exp(request): expiry_date = datetime.date.today()-expiry items.objects.filter(time_create__lt=expiry_date, is_expired=False).update(is_expired=True) logging.info('Cron: Expiry Check Done!') return HttpResponse('Done!')
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # Waf utilities for easily building standard unixey packages/libraries # Licensed under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING file for details. # Copyright (C) 2008 Dave Robillard # Copyright (C) 2008 Nedko Arnaudov import os import misc import Configure import Options import Utils import sys from TaskGen import feature, before, after global g_is_child g_is_child = False # Only run autowaf hooks once (even if sub projects call several times) global g_step g_step = 0 # Compute dependencies globally #import preproc #preproc.go_absolute = True @feature('cc', 'cxx') @after('apply_lib_vars') @before('apply_obj_vars_cc', 'apply_obj_vars_cxx') def include_config_h(self): self.env.append_value('INC_PATHS', self.bld.srcnode) def set_options(opt): "Add standard autowaf options if they havn't been added yet" global g_step if g_step > 0: return opt.tool_options('compiler_cc') opt.tool_options('compiler_cxx') opt.add_option('--debug', action='store_true', default=False, dest='debug', help="Build debuggable binaries [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--strict', action='store_true', default=False, dest='strict', help="Use strict compiler flags and show all warnings [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--build-docs', action='store_true', default=False, dest='build_docs', help="Build documentation - requires doxygen [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--bundle', action='store_true', default=False, help="Build a self-contained bundle [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--bindir', type='string', help="Executable programs [Default: PREFIX/bin]") opt.add_option('--libdir', type='string', help="Libraries [Default: PREFIX/lib]") opt.add_option('--includedir', type='string', help="Header files [Default: PREFIX/include]") opt.add_option('--datadir', type='string', help="Shared data [Default: PREFIX/share]") opt.add_option('--configdir', type='string', help="Configuration data [Default: PREFIX/etc]") opt.add_option('--mandir', type='string', help="Manual pages [Default: DATADIR/man]") opt.add_option('--htmldir', type='string', help="HTML documentation [Default: DATADIR/doc/PACKAGE]") opt.add_option('--lv2-user', action='store_true', default=False, dest='lv2_user', help="Install LV2 bundles to user-local location [Default: False]") if sys.platform == "darwin": opt.add_option('--lv2dir', type='string', help="LV2 bundles [Default: /Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2]") else: opt.add_option('--lv2dir', type='string', help="LV2 bundles [Default: LIBDIR/lv2]") g_step = 1 def check_header(conf, name, define='', mandatory=False): "Check for a header iff it hasn't been checked for yet" if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS'] = {} checked = conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS'] if not name in checked: checked[name] = True if define != '': conf.check(header_name=name, define_name=define, mandatory=mandatory) else: conf.check(header_name=name, mandatory=mandatory) def nameify(name): return name.replace('/', '_').replace('++', 'PP').replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_') def check_pkg(conf, name, **args): if not 'mandatory' in args: args['mandatory'] = True "Check for a package iff it hasn't been checked for yet" var_name = 'HAVE_' + nameify(args['uselib_store']) check = not var_name in conf.env if not check and 'atleast_version' in args: # Re-check if version is newer than previous check checked_version = conf.env['VERSION_' + name] if checked_version and checked_version < args['atleast_version']: check = True; if check: conf.check_cfg(package=name, args="--cflags --libs", **args) found = bool(conf.env[var_name]) if found: conf.define(var_name, int(found)) if 'atleast_version' in args: conf.env['VERSION_' + name] = args['atleast_version'] else: conf.undefine(var_name) if args['mandatory'] == True: conf.fatal("Required package " + name + " not found") def chop_prefix(conf, var): name = conf.env[var][len(conf.env['PREFIX']):] if len(name) > 0 and name[0] == '/': name = name[1:] if name == "": name = "/" return name; def configure(conf): global g_step if g_step > 1: return def append_cxx_flags(vals): conf.env.append_value('CCFLAGS', vals.split()) conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', vals.split()) conf.line_just = 43 conf.check_tool('misc') conf.check_tool('compiler_cc') conf.check_tool('compiler_cxx') conf.env['BUILD_DOCS'] = Options.options.build_docs conf.env['DEBUG'] = Options.options.debug conf.env['STRICT'] = Options.options.strict conf.env['PREFIX'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(os.path.normpath(conf.env['PREFIX']))) if Options.options.bundle: conf.env['BUNDLE'] = True conf.define('BUNDLE', 1) conf.env['BINDIR'] = conf.env['PREFIX'] conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Headers') conf.env['LIBDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Libraries') conf.env['DATADIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources') conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources/Documentation') conf.env['MANDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources/Man') conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'PlugIns') else: conf.env['BUNDLE'] = False if Options.options.bindir: conf.env['BINDIR'] = Options.options.bindir else: conf.env['BINDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'bin') if Options.options.includedir: conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = Options.options.includedir else: conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'include') if Options.options.libdir: conf.env['LIBDIR'] = Options.options.libdir else: conf.env['LIBDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'lib') if Options.options.datadir: conf.env['DATADIR'] = Options.options.datadir else: conf.env['DATADIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'share') if Options.options.configdir: conf.env['CONFIGDIR'] = Options.options.configdir else: conf.env['CONFIGDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'etc') if Options.options.htmldir: conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = Options.options.htmldir else: conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['DATADIR'], 'doc', Utils.g_module.APPNAME) if Options.options.mandir: conf.env['MANDIR'] = Options.options.mandir else: conf.env['MANDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['DATADIR'], 'man') if Options.options.lv2dir: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = Options.options.lv2dir else: if Options.options.lv2_user: if sys.platform == "darwin": conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), 'Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2') else: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.lv2') else: if sys.platform == "darwin": conf.env['LV2DIR'] = '/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2' else: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['LIBDIR'], 'lv2') conf.env['BINDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'BINDIR') conf.env['LIBDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'LIBDIR') conf.env['DATADIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'DATADIR') conf.env['CONFIGDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'CONFIGDIR') conf.env['LV2DIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'LV2DIR') if Options.options.debug: conf.env['CCFLAGS'] = [ '-O0', '-g' ] conf.env['CXXFLAGS'] = [ '-O0', '-g' ] else: append_cxx_flags('-DNDEBUG') if Options.options.strict: conf.env.append_value('CCFLAGS', [ '-std=c99', '-pedantic' ]) conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', [ '-ansi', '-Woverloaded-virtual']) append_cxx_flags('-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter') append_cxx_flags('-fPIC -DPIC -fshow-column') g_step = 2 def set_local_lib(conf, name, has_objects): conf.define('HAVE_' + nameify(name.upper()), 1) if has_objects: if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'] = {} conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'][name.lower()] = True else: if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'] = {} conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'][name.lower()] = True def use_lib(bld, obj, libs): abssrcdir = os.path.abspath('.') libs_list = libs.split() for l in libs_list: in_headers = l.lower() in bld.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'] in_libs = l.lower() in bld.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'] if in_libs: if hasattr(obj, 'uselib_local'): obj.uselib_local += ' lib' + l.lower() + ' ' else: obj.uselib_local = 'lib' + l.lower() + ' ' if in_headers or in_libs: inc_flag = '-iquote ' + os.path.join(abssrcdir, l.lower()) for f in ['CCFLAGS', 'CXXFLAGS']: if not inc_flag in bld.env[f]: bld.env.append_value(f, inc_flag) else: if hasattr(obj, 'uselib'): obj.uselib += ' ' + l else: obj.uselib = l def display_header(title): Utils.pprint('BOLD', title) def display_msg(conf, msg, status = None, color = None): color = 'CYAN' if type(status) == bool and status or status == "True": color = 'GREEN' elif type(status) == bool and not status or status == "False": color = 'YELLOW' Utils.pprint('NORMAL', "%s :" % msg.ljust(conf.line_just), sep='') Utils.pprint(color, status) def print_summary(conf): global g_step if g_step > 2: print return e = conf.env print display_header('Global configuration') display_msg(conf, "Install prefix", conf.env['PREFIX']) display_msg(conf, "Debuggable build", str(conf.env['DEBUG'])) display_msg(conf, "Strict compiler flags", str(conf.env['STRICT'])) display_msg(conf, "Build documentation", str(conf.env['BUILD_DOCS'])) print g_step = 3 def link_flags(env, lib): return ' '.join(map(lambda x: env['LIB_ST'] % x, env['LIB_' + lib])) def compile_flags(env, lib): return ' '.join(map(lambda x: env['CPPPATH_ST'] % x, env['CPPPATH_' + lib])) def set_recursive(): global g_is_child g_is_child = True def is_child(): global g_is_child return g_is_child # Pkg-config file def build_pc(bld, name, version, libs): '''Build a pkg-config file for a library. name -- uppercase variable name (e.g. 'SOMENAME') version -- version string (e.g. '1.2.3') libs -- string/list of dependencies (e.g. 'LIBFOO GLIB') ''' obj = bld.new_task_gen('subst') obj.source = name.lower() + '.pc.in' obj.target = name.lower() + '.pc' obj.install_path = '${PREFIX}/${LIBDIRNAME}/pkgconfig' pkg_prefix = bld.env['PREFIX'] if pkg_prefix[-1] == '/': pkg_prefix = pkg_prefix[:-1] obj.dict = { 'prefix' : pkg_prefix, 'exec_prefix' : '${prefix}', 'libdir' : '${exec_prefix}/lib', 'includedir' : '${prefix}/include', name + '_VERSION' : version, } if type(libs) != list: libs = libs.split() for i in libs: obj.dict[i + '_LIBS'] = link_flags(bld.env, i) obj.dict[i + '_CFLAGS'] = compile_flags(bld.env, i) # Doxygen API documentation def build_dox(bld, name, version, srcdir, blddir): if not bld.env['BUILD_DOCS']: return obj = bld.new_task_gen('subst') obj.source = 'doc/reference.doxygen.in' obj.target = 'doc/reference.doxygen' if is_child(): src_dir = os.path.join(srcdir, name.lower()) doc_dir = os.path.join(blddir, 'default', name.lower(), 'doc') else: src_dir = srcdir doc_dir = os.path.join(blddir, 'default', 'doc') obj.dict = { name + '_VERSION' : version, name + '_SRCDIR' : os.path.abspath(src_dir), name + '_DOC_DIR' : os.path.abspath(doc_dir) } obj.install_path = '' out1 = bld.new_task_gen('command-output') out1.dependencies = [obj] out1.stdout = '/doc/doxygen.out' out1.stdin = '/doc/reference.doxygen' # whatever.. out1.command = 'doxygen' out1.argv = [os.path.abspath(doc_dir) + '/reference.doxygen'] out1.command_is_external = True # Version code file generation def build_version_files(header_path, source_path, domain, major, minor, micro): header_path = os.path.abspath(header_path) source_path = os.path.abspath(source_path) text = "int " + domain + "_major_version = " + str(major) + ";\n" text += "int " + domain + "_minor_version = " + str(minor) + ";\n" text += "int " + domain + "_micro_version = " + str(micro) + ";\n" try: o = file(source_path, 'w') o.write(text) o.close() except IOError: print "Could not open", source_path, " for writing\n" sys.exit(-1) text = "#ifndef __" + domain + "_version_h__\n" text += "#define __" + domain + "_version_h__\n" text += "extern const char* " + domain + "_revision;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_major_version;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_minor_version;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_micro_version;\n" text += "#endif /* __" + domain + "_version_h__ */\n" try: o = file(header_path, 'w') o.write(text) o.close() except IOError: print "Could not open", header_path, " for writing\n" sys.exit(-1) return None def shutdown(): # This isn't really correct (for packaging), but people asking is annoying if Options.commands['install']: try: os.popen("/sbin/ldconfig") except: pass
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # Waf utilities for easily building standard unixey packages/libraries # Licensed under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING file for details. # Copyright (C) 2008 Dave Robillard # Copyright (C) 2008 Nedko Arnaudov import os import misc import Configure import Options import Utils import sys from TaskGen import feature, before, after global g_is_child g_is_child = False # Only run autowaf hooks once (even if sub projects call several times) global g_step g_step = 0 # Compute dependencies globally #import preproc #preproc.go_absolute = True @feature('cc', 'cxx') @after('apply_lib_vars') @before('apply_obj_vars_cc', 'apply_obj_vars_cxx') def include_config_h(self): self.env.append_value('INC_PATHS', self.bld.srcnode) def set_options(opt): "Add standard autowaf options if they havn't been added yet" global g_step if g_step > 0: return opt.tool_options('compiler_cc') opt.tool_options('compiler_cxx') opt.add_option('--debug', action='store_true', default=False, dest='debug', help="Build debuggable binaries [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--strict', action='store_true', default=False, dest='strict', help="Use strict compiler flags and show all warnings [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--build-docs', action='store_true', default=False, dest='build_docs', help="Build documentation - requires doxygen [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--bundle', action='store_true', default=False, help="Build a self-contained bundle [Default: False]") opt.add_option('--bindir', type='string', help="Executable programs [Default: PREFIX/bin]") opt.add_option('--libdir', type='string', help="Libraries [Default: PREFIX/lib]") opt.add_option('--includedir', type='string', help="Header files [Default: PREFIX/include]") opt.add_option('--datadir', type='string', help="Shared data [Default: PREFIX/share]") opt.add_option('--configdir', type='string', help="Configuration data [Default: PREFIX/etc]") opt.add_option('--mandir', type='string', help="Manual pages [Default: DATADIR/man]") opt.add_option('--htmldir', type='string', help="HTML documentation [Default: DATADIR/doc/PACKAGE]") opt.add_option('--lv2-user', action='store_true', default=False, dest='lv2_user', help="Install LV2 bundles to user-local location [Default: False]") if sys.platform == "darwin": opt.add_option('--lv2dir', type='string', help="LV2 bundles [Default: /Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2]") else: opt.add_option('--lv2dir', type='string', help="LV2 bundles [Default: LIBDIR/lv2]") g_step = 1 def check_header(conf, name, define='', mandatory=False): "Check for a header iff it hasn't been checked for yet" if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS'] = {} checked = conf.env['AUTOWAF_HEADERS'] if not name in checked: checked[name] = True if define != '': conf.check(header_name=name, define_name=define, mandatory=mandatory) else: conf.check(header_name=name, mandatory=mandatory) def nameify(name): return name.replace('/', '_').replace('++', 'PP').replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_') def check_pkg(conf, name, **args): if not 'mandatory' in args: args['mandatory'] = True "Check for a package iff it hasn't been checked for yet" var_name = 'HAVE_' + nameify(args['uselib_store']) check = not var_name in conf.env if not check and 'atleast_version' in args: # Re-check if version is newer than previous check checked_version = conf.env['VERSION_' + name] if checked_version and checked_version < args['atleast_version']: check = True; if check: conf.check_cfg(package=name, args="--cflags --libs", **args) found = bool(conf.env[var_name]) if found: conf.define(var_name, int(found)) if 'atleast_version' in args: conf.env['VERSION_' + name] = args['atleast_version'] else: conf.undefine(var_name) if args['mandatory'] == True: conf.fatal("Required package " + name + " not found") def chop_prefix(conf, var): name = conf.env[var][len(conf.env['PREFIX']):] if len(name) > 0 and name[0] == '/': name = name[1:] if name == "": name = "/" return name; def configure(conf): global g_step if g_step > 1: return def append_cxx_flags(vals): conf.env.append_value('CCFLAGS', vals.split()) conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', vals.split()) conf.line_just = 43 conf.check_tool('misc') conf.check_tool('compiler_cc') conf.check_tool('compiler_cxx') conf.env['BUILD_DOCS'] = Options.options.build_docs conf.env['DEBUG'] = Options.options.debug conf.env['STRICT'] = Options.options.strict conf.env['PREFIX'] = os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(os.path.normpath(conf.env['PREFIX']))) if Options.options.bundle: conf.env['BUNDLE'] = True conf.define('BUNDLE', 1) conf.env['BINDIR'] = conf.env['PREFIX'] conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Headers') conf.env['LIBDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Libraries') conf.env['DATADIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources') conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources/Documentation') conf.env['MANDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'Resources/Man') conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'PlugIns') else: conf.env['BUNDLE'] = False if Options.options.bindir: conf.env['BINDIR'] = Options.options.bindir else: conf.env['BINDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'bin') if Options.options.includedir: conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = Options.options.includedir else: conf.env['INCLUDEDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'include') if Options.options.libdir: conf.env['LIBDIR'] = Options.options.libdir else: conf.env['LIBDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'lib') if Options.options.datadir: conf.env['DATADIR'] = Options.options.datadir else: conf.env['DATADIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'share') if Options.options.configdir: conf.env['CONFIGDIR'] = Options.options.configdir else: conf.env['CONFIGDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['PREFIX'], 'etc') if Options.options.htmldir: conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = Options.options.htmldir else: conf.env['HTMLDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['DATADIR'], 'doc', Utils.g_module.APPNAME) if Options.options.mandir: conf.env['MANDIR'] = Options.options.mandir else: conf.env['MANDIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['DATADIR'], 'man') if Options.options.lv2dir: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = Options.options.lv2dir else: if Options.options.lv2_user: if sys.platform == "darwin": conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), 'Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2') else: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.lv2') else: if sys.platform == "darwin": conf.env['LV2DIR'] = '/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/LV2' else: conf.env['LV2DIR'] = os.path.join(conf.env['LIBDIR'], 'lv2') conf.env['BINDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'BINDIR') conf.env['LIBDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'LIBDIR') conf.env['DATADIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'DATADIR') conf.env['CONFIGDIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'CONFIGDIR') conf.env['LV2DIRNAME'] = chop_prefix(conf, 'LV2DIR') if Options.options.debug: conf.env['CCFLAGS'] = [ '-O0', '-g' ] conf.env['CXXFLAGS'] = [ '-O0', '-g' ] else: append_cxx_flags('-DNDEBUG') if Options.options.strict: conf.env.append_value('CCFLAGS', [ '-std=c99', '-pedantic' ]) conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', [ '-ansi', '-Woverloaded-virtual']) append_cxx_flags('-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter') append_cxx_flags('-fPIC -DPIC -fshow-column') g_step = 2 def set_local_lib(conf, name, has_objects): conf.define('HAVE_' + nameify(name.upper()), 1) if has_objects: if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'] = {} conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'][name.lower()] = True else: if type(conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS']) != dict: conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'] = {} conf.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'][name.lower()] = True def use_lib(bld, obj, libs): abssrcdir = os.path.abspath('.') libs_list = libs.split() for l in libs_list: in_headers = l.lower() in bld.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_HEADERS'] in_libs = l.lower() in bld.env['AUTOWAF_LOCAL_LIBS'] if in_libs: if hasattr(obj, 'uselib_local'): obj.uselib_local += ' lib' + l.lower() + ' ' else: obj.uselib_local = 'lib' + l.lower() + ' ' if in_headers or in_libs: inc_flag = '-iquote ' + os.path.join(abssrcdir, l.lower()) for f in ['CCFLAGS', 'CXXFLAGS']: if not inc_flag in bld.env[f]: bld.env.append_value(f, inc_flag) else: if hasattr(obj, 'uselib'): obj.uselib += ' ' + l else: obj.uselib = l def display_header(title): Utils.pprint('BOLD', title) def display_msg(conf, msg, status = None, color = None): color = 'CYAN' if type(status) == bool and status or status == "True": color = 'GREEN' elif type(status) == bool and not status or status == "False": color = 'YELLOW' Utils.pprint('NORMAL', "%s :" % msg.ljust(conf.line_just), sep='') Utils.pprint(color, status) def print_summary(conf): global g_step if g_step > 2: print return e = conf.env print display_header('Global configuration') display_msg(conf, "Install prefix", conf.env['PREFIX']) display_msg(conf, "Debuggable build", str(conf.env['DEBUG'])) display_msg(conf, "Strict compiler flags", str(conf.env['STRICT'])) display_msg(conf, "Build documentation", str(conf.env['BUILD_DOCS'])) print g_step = 3 def link_flags(env, lib): return ' '.join(map(lambda x: env['LIB_ST'] % x, env['LIB_' + lib])) def compile_flags(env, lib): return ' '.join(map(lambda x: env['CPPPATH_ST'] % x, env['CPPPATH_' + lib])) def set_recursive(): global g_is_child g_is_child = True def is_child(): global g_is_child return g_is_child # Pkg-config file def build_pc(bld, name, version, libs): '''Build a pkg-config file for a library. name -- uppercase variable name (e.g. 'SOMENAME') version -- version string (e.g. '1.2.3') libs -- string/list of dependencies (e.g. 'LIBFOO GLIB') ''' obj = bld.new_task_gen('subst') obj.source = name.lower() + '.pc.in' obj.target = name.lower() + '.pc' obj.install_path = '${PREFIX}/${LIBDIRNAME}/pkgconfig' pkg_prefix = bld.env['PREFIX'] if pkg_prefix[-1] == '/': pkg_prefix = pkg_prefix[:-1] obj.dict = { 'prefix' : pkg_prefix, 'exec_prefix' : '${prefix}', 'libdir' : '${exec_prefix}/lib', 'includedir' : '${prefix}/include', name + '_VERSION' : version, } if type(libs) != list: libs = libs.split() for i in libs: obj.dict[i + '_LIBS'] = link_flags(bld.env, i) obj.dict[i + '_CFLAGS'] = compile_flags(bld.env, i) # Doxygen API documentation def build_dox(bld, name, version, srcdir, blddir): if not bld.env['BUILD_DOCS']: return obj = bld.new_task_gen('subst') obj.source = 'doc/reference.doxygen.in' obj.target = 'doc/reference.doxygen' if is_child(): src_dir = os.path.join(srcdir, name.lower()) doc_dir = os.path.join(blddir, 'default', name.lower(), 'doc') else: src_dir = srcdir doc_dir = os.path.join(blddir, 'default', 'doc') obj.dict = { name + '_VERSION' : version, name + '_SRCDIR' : os.path.abspath(src_dir), name + '_DOC_DIR' : os.path.abspath(doc_dir) } obj.install_path = '' out1 = bld.new_task_gen('command-output') out1.dependencies = [obj] out1.stdout = '/doc/doxygen.out' out1.stdin = '/doc/reference.doxygen' # whatever.. out1.command = 'doxygen' out1.argv = [os.path.abspath(doc_dir) + '/reference.doxygen'] out1.command_is_external = True # Version code file generation def build_version_files(header_path, source_path, domain, major, minor, micro): header_path = os.path.abspath(header_path) source_path = os.path.abspath(source_path) text = "int " + domain + "_major_version = " + str(major) + ";\n" text += "int " + domain + "_minor_version = " + str(minor) + ";\n" text += "int " + domain + "_micro_version = " + str(micro) + ";\n" try: o = file(source_path, 'w') o.write(text) o.close() except IOError: print "Could not open", source_path, " for writing\n" sys.exit(-1) text = "#ifndef __" + domain + "_version_h__\n" text += "#define __" + domain + "_version_h__\n" text += "extern const char* " + domain + "_revision;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_major_version;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_minor_version;\n" text += "extern int " + domain + "_micro_version;\n" text += "#endif /* __" + domain + "_version_h__ */\n" try: o = file(header_path, 'w') o.write(text) o.close() except IOError: print "Could not open", header_path, " for writing\n" sys.exit(-1) return None def shutdown(): # This isn't really correct (for packaging), but people asking is annoying if Options.commands['install']: try: os.popen("/sbin/ldconfig") except: pass
Python
#! /usr/bin/env python # encoding: utf-8 import autowaf VERSION = '2.0' APPNAME = 'foo-plugins' srcdir = '.' blddir = 'build' def configure(conf): autowaf.configure(conf) autowaf.check_pkg(conf, 'lv2-plugin', uselib_store='LV2-PLUGIN', atleast_version='1.0.2') autowaf.check_pkg(conf, 'gtkmm-2.4', uselib_store='GTKMM', atleast_version='2.8.0') conf.env['shlib_PATTERN'] = '%s.so' # we need to check whether user provides compiler options, otherwise.. compiler_options = [ '-Wall', '-O3', '-msse', '-msse2', '-mfpmath=sse', '-ffast-math', '-funroll-loops', '-fomit-frame-pointer' ] conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', compiler_options) def set_options(opt): autowaf.set_options(opt) def build(bld): guiobj = bld.new_task_gen('cxx','shlib') guiobj.source = ''' src/schmooz_ui.cpp ''' guiobj.name = 'schmooz_ui' #guiobj.uselib = 'GTKMM' guiobj.uselib = [ 'GTKMM', 'm' ] guiobj.vnum = '' guiobj.target = 'schmooz_ui' guiobj.cxxflags = [ '-DSCHMOOZ_PNG_DIR="' + bld.env['LV2DIR'] + '/foo.lv2/schmooz_ui/"' ]; guiobj.install_path = '${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2' guiobj.includes = 'extra-include' obj = bld.new_task_gen('cxx', 'shlib') obj.source = ''' src/schmooz_mono.cpp src/schmooz_stereo.cpp src/chop.cpp src/driver.cpp src/limiter.cpp src/limiter_v2.cpp src/saturator.cpp src/transients_v2.cpp src/transients_mono_v2.cpp src/el_maxim.cpp src/t00b_limiter.cpp src/rms.cpp ''' obj.name = 'foo-plugins' obj.uselib = 'LV2-PLUGIN' obj.vnum = '' obj.target = 'foo-plugins' obj.install_path = '${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2' bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/manifest.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/schmooz-mono.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/schmooz-stereo.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/chop.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/driver.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/limiter.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/limiter-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/saturator.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/transients-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/transients-mono-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/el-maxim.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/t00b-limiter.ttl') pngs = ''' graphics/schmooz/background.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_on.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_on_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_off.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_off_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_on.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_on_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_off.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_off_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/graph_bg.png graphics/schmooz/graph_bg_threshold.png graphics/schmooz/threshold.png graphics/schmooz/threshold_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_trough.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_thumb.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_thumb_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_zero.png graphics/schmooz/slider_zero_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_attack.png graphics/schmooz/slider_attack_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_release.png graphics/schmooz/slider_release_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_make-up.png graphics/schmooz/slider_make-up_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/dry-wet_thumb.png graphics/schmooz/dry-wet_thumb_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/make-up.png graphics/schmooz/make-up_full.png graphics/schmooz/gain_v.png graphics/schmooz/gain_v_full.png graphics/schmooz/gain_h.png graphics/schmooz/gain_h_full.png ''' bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2/schmooz_ui', pngs) def shutdown(): autowaf.shutdown()
Python
#! /usr/bin/env python # encoding: utf-8 import autowaf VERSION = '2.0' APPNAME = 'foo-plugins' srcdir = '.' blddir = 'build' def configure(conf): autowaf.configure(conf) autowaf.check_pkg(conf, 'lv2-plugin', uselib_store='LV2-PLUGIN', atleast_version='1.0.2') autowaf.check_pkg(conf, 'gtkmm-2.4', uselib_store='GTKMM', atleast_version='2.8.0') conf.env['shlib_PATTERN'] = '%s.so' # we need to check whether user provides compiler options, otherwise.. compiler_options = [ '-Wall', '-O3', '-msse', '-msse2', '-mfpmath=sse', '-ffast-math', '-funroll-loops', '-fomit-frame-pointer' ] conf.env.append_value('CXXFLAGS', compiler_options) def set_options(opt): autowaf.set_options(opt) def build(bld): guiobj = bld.new_task_gen('cxx','shlib') guiobj.source = ''' src/schmooz_ui.cpp ''' guiobj.name = 'schmooz_ui' #guiobj.uselib = 'GTKMM' guiobj.uselib = [ 'GTKMM', 'm' ] guiobj.vnum = '' guiobj.target = 'schmooz_ui' guiobj.cxxflags = [ '-DSCHMOOZ_PNG_DIR="' + bld.env['LV2DIR'] + '/foo.lv2/schmooz_ui/"' ]; guiobj.install_path = '${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2' guiobj.includes = 'extra-include' obj = bld.new_task_gen('cxx', 'shlib') obj.source = ''' src/schmooz_mono.cpp src/schmooz_stereo.cpp src/chop.cpp src/driver.cpp src/limiter.cpp src/limiter_v2.cpp src/saturator.cpp src/transients_v2.cpp src/transients_mono_v2.cpp src/el_maxim.cpp src/t00b_limiter.cpp src/rms.cpp ''' obj.name = 'foo-plugins' obj.uselib = 'LV2-PLUGIN' obj.vnum = '' obj.target = 'foo-plugins' obj.install_path = '${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2' bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/manifest.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/schmooz-mono.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/schmooz-stereo.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/chop.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/driver.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/limiter.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/limiter-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/saturator.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/transients-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/transients-mono-v2.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/el-maxim.ttl') bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2', 'src/ttl/t00b-limiter.ttl') pngs = ''' graphics/schmooz/background.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_on.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_on_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_off.png graphics/schmooz/high-pass_off_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_on.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_on_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_off.png graphics/schmooz/bypass_off_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/graph_bg.png graphics/schmooz/graph_bg_threshold.png graphics/schmooz/threshold.png graphics/schmooz/threshold_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_trough.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_thumb.png graphics/schmooz/ratio_thumb_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_zero.png graphics/schmooz/slider_zero_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_attack.png graphics/schmooz/slider_attack_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_release.png graphics/schmooz/slider_release_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/slider_make-up.png graphics/schmooz/slider_make-up_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/dry-wet_thumb.png graphics/schmooz/dry-wet_thumb_prelight.png graphics/schmooz/make-up.png graphics/schmooz/make-up_full.png graphics/schmooz/gain_v.png graphics/schmooz/gain_v_full.png graphics/schmooz/gain_h.png graphics/schmooz/gain_h_full.png ''' bld.install_files('${LV2DIR}/foo.lv2/schmooz_ui', pngs) def shutdown(): autowaf.shutdown()
Python
#!/usr/bin/python # Copyright (C) 2008 Manu Garg. # Author: Manu Garg <manugarg@gmail.com> # # pacparser is a library that provides methods to parse proxy auto-config # (PAC) files. Please read README file included with this package for more # information about this library. # # pacparser is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public # License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either # version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # pacparser is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # Lesser General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public # License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, # USA """ This script demonstrates how python web clients can use proxy auto-config (PAC) files for proxy configuration using pacparser. It take a PAC file and an url as arguments, fetches the URL using the proxy as determined by PAC file and URL and returns the retrieved webpage. """ __author__ = 'manugarg@gmail.com (Manu Garg)' __copyright__ = 'Copyright (C) 2008 Manu Garg' __license__ = 'LGPL' import pacparser import socket import sys import urllib def fetch_url_using_pac(pac, url): try: proxy_string = pacparser.just_find_proxy(pac, url) except: sys.stderr.write('could not determine proxy using Pacfile\n') return None proxylist = proxy_string.split(";") proxies = None # Dictionary to be passed to urlopen method of urllib while proxylist: proxy = proxylist.pop(0).strip() if 'DIRECT' in proxy: proxies = {} break if proxy[0:5].upper() == 'PROXY': proxy = proxy[6:].strip() if isproxyalive(proxy): proxies = {'http': 'http://%s' % proxy} break try: sys.stderr.write('trying to fetch the page using proxy %s\n' % proxy) response = urllib.urlopen(url, proxies=proxies) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write('could not fetch webpage %s using proxy %s\n' % (url, proxies)) sys.stderr.write(str(e)+'\n') return None return response def isproxyalive(proxy): host_port = proxy.split(":") if len(host_port) != 2: sys.stderr.write('proxy host is not defined as host:port\n') return False s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.settimeout(10) try: s.connect((host_port[0], int(host_port[1]))) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write('proxy %s is not accessible\n' % proxy) sys.stderr.write(str(e)+'\n') return False s.close() return True def main(): if len(sys.argv) != 3: print 'Not enough arguments' print 'Usage:\n%s <pacfile> <url>' % sys.argv[0] return None pacfile = sys.argv[1] url = sys.argv[2] response = fetch_url_using_pac(pacfile, url) if response: print response.read() else: sys.stderr.write('URL %s could not be retrieved using PAC file %s.' % (url, pacfile)) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
Python