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of O
these O
parameters S-CONPRI
were O
investigated O
on O
a O
test O
stand O
using O
Polylactic B-MATE
Acid E-MATE
( O
PLA S-MATE
) O
filament S-MATE
. O
All O
nozzles S-MACEQ
exhibit O
a O
common O
behavior O
. O
The O
extrusion S-MANP
force O
rises O
linearly O
with O
increasing O
filament S-MATE
feed S-PARA
velocity O
. O
Here O
, O
unmolten O
plastic S-MATE
reaches O
the O
nozzle S-MACEQ
. O
This O
characteristic O
is O
dependent O
on O
extrusion S-MANP
temperature O
and O
geometric O
parameters S-CONPRI
of O
the O
nozzles S-MACEQ
. O
Different O
capillary O
lengths O
were O
used O
to O
determine O
the O
entry O
pressure S-CONPRI
loss O
at O
different O
filament S-MATE
feed S-PARA
velocities O
. O
The O
material S-MATE
and O
coating S-APPL
of O
the O
nozzles S-MACEQ
had O
no O
significant O
influence O
on O
extrusion S-MANP
force O