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) O
is O
emerging O
as S-MATE
a O
promising O
technology S-CONPRI
to O
fabricate S-MANP
cost-effective O
, O
customized O
functional O
parts O
. O
Designing O
such O
functional O
, O
i.e. O
, O
load O
bearing O
, O
parts O
can O
be S-MATE
challenging O
and O
time O
consuming O
where O
the O
goal O
is O
to O
balance O
performance S-CONPRI
and O
material S-MATE
usage O
. O
Topology B-FEAT
optimization E-FEAT
( O
TO O
) O
is O
a O
powerful O
design S-FEAT
method O
which O
can O
complement O
AM S-MANP
by O
automating O
the O
design B-CONPRI
process E-CONPRI
. O
However O
, O
for O
TO O
to O
be S-MATE
a O
useful O
methodology S-CONPRI
, O
the O
underlying O
mathematical S-CONPRI
model O
must O
be S-MATE
carefully O
constructed O
. O
Specifically O
, O
it O
is O
well O
established O
that O
parts O
fabricated S-CONPRI
through O
some O