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the O
powder S-MATE
is O
critical O
. O
A O
fundamental O
understanding O
of O
spatial O
and O
temporal O
thermal B-CONPRI
distributions E-CONPRI
is O
crucial O
for O
predicting O
solidification S-CONPRI
and O
solid-state B-CONPRI
microstructural E-CONPRI
development O
in O
parts O
made O
by O
additive B-MANP
manufacturing E-MANP
. O
While O
sophisticated O
numerical B-CONPRI
techniques E-CONPRI
that O
are O
based O
on O
finite B-CONPRI
element E-CONPRI
or O
finite B-CONPRI
volume I-CONPRI
methods E-CONPRI
are O
useful O
for O
gaining O
insight O
into O
these O
phenomena O
at O
the O
length B-CHAR
scale E-CHAR
of O
the O
melt B-MATE
pool E-MATE
( O
100–500 O
μm O
) O
, O
they O
are O
ill-suited O
for O
predicting O
engineering S-APPL
trends O
over O
full O
part O
cross-sections S-CONPRI
( O
> O
10 O
× O
10 O
cm O
) O
or O
many O
layers O
over O
long O
process B-CONPRI
times E-CONPRI
( O
> O
many O
days O
) O
due O