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i.e O
. O
transient S-CONPRI
and O
spatial B-FEAT
variations E-FEAT
of O
thermal B-PARA
gradient E-PARA
and O
liquid-solid B-CONPRI
interface E-CONPRI
velocity O
) O
predicted S-CONPRI
by O
the O
model S-CONPRI
to O
phenomenological S-CONPRI
CET B-CONPRI
theory E-CONPRI
, O
the O
model B-CONPRI
accurately E-CONPRI
predicted O
the O
experimental S-CONPRI
grain O
structures O
. O
Existing O
commercial O
three-dimensional S-CONPRI
( O
3D S-CONPRI
) O
printing O
systems O
based O
on O
powder B-MANP
bed I-MANP
fusion E-MANP
approach O
can O
normally O
only O
print S-MANP
a O
single O
material S-MATE
in O
each O
component S-MACEQ
. O
In O
this O
paper O
, O
functionally B-MATE
gradient I-MATE
materials E-MATE
( O
FGM S-MANP
) O
with O
composition S-CONPRI
variation O
from O
a O
copper B-MATE
alloy E-MATE
to O
a O
soda-lime B-MATE
glass E-MATE
were O
manufactured S-CONPRI
using O
a O
proprietary O
nozzle-based O
multi-material B-MANP
selective I-MANP
laser I-MANP
melting E-MANP
( O
MMSLM S-MANP
) O
system O
. O