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this O
study O
, O
the O
effects O
of O
temperature B-PARA
gradient E-PARA
and O
progressive O
solidification S-CONPRI
on O
residual B-PRO
stress E-PRO
were O
analyzed O
using O
numerical O
finite-element O
models O
for O
a O
single O
rapidly O
solidifying O
bead S-CHAR
during O
the O
deposition B-MANP
process E-MANP
. O
Conceptual O
two- O
and O
three-dimensional S-CONPRI
finite B-CONPRI
element I-CONPRI
models E-CONPRI
are O
proposed O
, O
considering O
the O
solidification S-CONPRI
effect O
. O
Based O
on O
the O
numerical O
results O
, O
a O
reduced-order O
modeling S-ENAT
strategy O
was O
proposed O
to O
efficiently O
reproduce O
the O
final O
residual B-PRO
stress E-PRO
state O
of O
single-bead O
deposition B-MANP
processes E-MANP
in O
additive B-MANP
manufacturing E-MANP
, O
i.e O
. O
sequential O
solidification S-CONPRI
. O
Although O
additive B-MANP
manufacturing E-MANP
technology O
is O
available O
for O
the O
direct O
fabrication S-MANP
of O
metal S-MATE
parts O