image unknown | text string |
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"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABQklEQVR4nO2U0XHDIAyG//S6ACuwglZgBToCHYGuQkaIR8AjxCM4I8gj/H2wExNwmtwld32JnoyQPoT0mx3xnH08mf8GvALwueXsu/4EccGurm4YrPV2I5iNqTvvxbPrsGRGbaJbwGghMc6nByVJDfAp5+QBaQgtQEwmSSYDwJNUkeO8dbTwdwHRjOerCIBAhvVYtcj3ACZdPlUApFiWnZsSakAuHWoAc6mIJCmmSqh10EuxMAdgkqvZualKaIR0ugqPQN9tSeU2YLo... | \infin |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASAAAABgCAAAAACYx/CEAAAHs0lEQVR4nO1d23WrOBTdnjUN6JagKUEpQZRASsAliBJMCaYEUwIqAZUQlYBK0HwAQsQyOHdFEHllfxGEZbx93ueYnCx+sYZ/jr6Bn45XIKjO/pzeShNn81P6KnauCSNKk5ZF2d6mDoGit9YWoFG2T1+C/pAPAEAmb3mE7ZO3QdKMtDCoGPsnTxDESBCJs/2/cbbdD5yPB5G8WPoSNEEihgl6HYKk4lHc/KsQZEqIKBu/CkGlEnz7qr9A+nEQAKCsWBdn59eQoLpibaS... | \begin{array} { r } { r _ { B } : = { \frac { e ^ { 2 } } { 4 \pi \varepsilon _ { 0 } \varepsilon _ { d } k _ { B } T } } , } \end{array} |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABACAAAAADQNvZiAAAEtElEQVR4nO1a0bWrKhDd567XAC3QAqcEUoK3BCxBSzAlaAmxBChBS9AStIR5HxoFxMSTa5bLdbK/DIN7ZjY4gOaL8Lvx5+gAjsZHgKMDOBofAY4O4Gh8BDg6gKPxEeDoAI7GR4CjAzgapxQgve7HdUYBymu9H9nXCU+DfaHYbmRnnAFM7pf/GQUovr53ZDuhAFKJHdlOKABv5Y5sJxQA5pfPAINfPgOM2HEROKUAe06AEwrQ1326I91/4ea6ZwLoa7wy3QoVbI77fCC... | \delta E = - \partial _ { \tau } ( \Lambda E ) + { \frac { i } { 2 } } D \Lambda D E , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAu0lEQVR4nOWSXRXCMAyF7zgYCBJmoRZmoRZAQi2AhFYCk7BZmAQqoZEQHtjSjXbwDnlpTvI1P/ekEXy2w5f8zwHMAGIE+ttpCho+qheiHSN5hNZxvyoh2dxdRJIVcW3SYK6AmzUAggFgqTLDCAMAk0FkcKVF93rO1g+eBg0r4N3sDCLykBKw+dPGFKBUB5rlYJqdy8lb9HVAdegu3JJhKoilV3IdbYV9G3JWoQBWUmPk6Vp02Bu+ssV/A0/27e2txTrZmgAAAABJRU5... | \zeta ^ { \alpha } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAgAAAACACAAAAABYPI7XAAAOA0lEQVR4nO2d23mDuhKF/+wvDeiUwC6BXQIuwSkBl0BKsEuwS7BLgBKgBFMClKDzgC9I3ASIRHZYTzGBQSyGkUYazXxIVvxl/PPbDVjxu1gV4I9jVYA/jlUB/jg+F5We5wD4YtG7rJiBj0W9gK8LAKm/5E1WzMHCClCSlbC6mu5iWQUANglBvPA9VkzH4oPABNYOwGEsrQAZqwI4jaUVIGFVAKextALk4HkL32PFDPxAF7AaAJexiAIku38/Pj7+/c4hg9UAuIwF3MB... | \begin{array} { r l r } { \frac { d } { d t } X _ { t } } & { { } = } & { u ( t , X _ { t } ) } \\ { \omega ( t , X _ { t } ) } & { { } = } & { \omega _ { 0 } ( X _ { 0 } ) . } \end{array} |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAsElEQVR4nO2S0RHCIBBE9xwbwBJogZRALVgCKSGWkBawhKQEUoKWkJSwfmACGRn1X/fndrh3N7CDEO91+ND/PeAiIiIyYjpJmwHZkmyMAibToVnuKPLlKksyWpKcVT5ltpGcVUxsFSBp3bOqOtAjLaBydUDrVG8IVSDAJ9PpYqoIalrN1deTXIFRuQI4vmS7tKEeNXTacfZ6N5CvMwBuCKbnTuUzPQAb933K/9t/BzwArSj1ZL0i4gwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | \boldsymbol { v } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAABTUlEQVR4nKWTUZWDMBREpz01EAuxkEpIJVAJVEJWQpFAJXQlUAkgASSkEu5+JNDQcnY/9n2987hkkplkh36v/R/fMzCcj6fTVM5vu7kD6M0VetuzVKsqdwKwNg1DTMMYZHLLQdJtCpJUN+ZsjdcwDVatyQoHSd/ykqTKdtPwkPPmWFUq9mDUJeGQl/WLAOwlPeUkSTb/0zzuZllgw4epCX7tg9GQ3EijiwlvRs385JNAawpAyQAALMBoAmUJwFmAEAC8jZ/AaGpoHcA... | \% |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAABACAAAAADAXy3SAAACkElEQVR4nO1X25WkIBSs2bMJkAIbAhMCE4Ip2CFgCHYIdAgaAoYgIWgIEELtB22P6Lj2eqZ/5lg/wPV46764wBvxWvx6sf6T4CQ4CU6CkwB+Nh9fQODnSrt4kIFrNMVAkjQkQ2mMstPqANYEoRCFqEnanmQRyB4NSdd8D0GvTOBQloEFScKQVAVJlocIfi9DJpwApB2FlwBgFYAoACCO8kAKVgRyGlIJlQC6sQQAeYjgiyoaPYCIUd/XsbIKQF61T2Plwa1VaKWumkk... | \hat { S } _ { \alpha \beta } ^ { ( 2 ) } = 0 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAoAAAADACAAAAACxYY26AAAXVElEQVR4nO1dTZKrPJY9r6Mjelit15MeViirxx1fKJeAl0AuAWoHeAmmF9ARsASzBFiCtYIqE7UCNOieqwb4F3D6SghkJ5zRe05suHA4kq6kc39prFjhD//i+wJWLBsrAVd4xUrAFV6xEnCFV6wEXOEVKwFXeMVKwBVesRJwhVesBFzhFSsBV3jFSsAV30Oln783m9+xnObn/3Wan/0hkLXige+LmBP9gIuY7wIAMhfRFGf8tS5GeAgVSyYBkYTYnD4St38/a8JO4Gf... | \left ( \begin{array} { l } { \zeta _ { t } } \\ { \sigma _ { t } } \end{array} \right ) = P _ { 1 } \left ( \begin{array} { l } { \frac { \delta \Pi } { \delta \zeta } } \\ { \frac { \delta \Pi } { \delta \sigma } } \end{array} \right ) = P _ { 0 } \left ( \begin{array} { l } { \frac { \delta \mathcal E } { \delta \ze... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAwElEQVR4nO2TWxGDMBBFD50awEIsYCEWQAKVABKKBJAAEoqERgKRQCRsPxJawqTtf6f5yZ3dk7uPmWTC53P6kv9RYJ6DaLMgJDpr3gSVl/4+OHTOeTFwTZWwBuvVVKtUiXJFi4jIorZQBIy9hBfNLQWstUjhA6OkgOYuolnjuXZNWgrIMfFc55dse0DBO2AyFWAxOg24eQEYLi52ePbQlZAqsQGWzdkkAVeFfHF08HvQOaoXkUUr0M1+D9n/XwDwABOJwmG+DjfqAAA... | A ^ { \prime } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAABC0lEQVR4nIWTUZWDMBBFLz1rIBawEAtZCVjoSkglUAmsBCqBSgAJWAgS3n7QQALZdj7z7jlv5s2kEjDdKFRrAb4AeJaAhQ2w/g54F5Xnb8JJkkINmKBYowEGSdIKqAdoNkDtEVAD0G9AOAHB5CZNBC6vVkwLLD9bay5vUpJcZhKGIWQW0nwwedUOqD1McgJk80nOwEjBJAXkCyYZoBpgzJ4upNXtWzznIElyHyz6D03OJm7gH8CB1xvAgz3qKTCAmd8AoYbupCdAA9d... | \boldsymbol { \Sigma } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAABACAAAAAAmWiTTAAAE4ElEQVR4nO2a4bmiPBCF393HBtJCtoTcEmIJ3BKwhFgCloAlaAlQApQgJUAJsz8EJAgKfF5Xv8fzS3FOkpNMMpPBX8L/G7//9QB+Gh+B746PwHfHR+C74yPw3fER+O5YPaKR/AiFM1PNt6Ge2UGVY2cROl3IA+AMkEw0TrTO5nZwQM8jBCqqPz1EoEgyWWBMWM5uPiScyYgJzt08SKBMFRjNHqqIiOYwlxJjSpGnC4zR89dPTjCf5QhEni0wU8QLGo8x80mlwonIc8P... | \epsilon = \ln { ( v _ { \mathrm { g } } / v _ { 0 } ) } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABGAAAACACAAAAABhbkDkAAAU1klEQVR4nO2d27mrrBaGv7Wf1QB/Cc4SWCWQEjJLMCWYEkwJWkJSgpYgJcQSpAT3hWfFBCMekoz3KkeFDxhyGAz+5CAIgliG/22dAIIgPhcyMARBLAYZGIIgFuPv1gkgiA1JU8YBKVNHOFun5SMhA0N8L+FZgUdhmAKA52+dnE+EDAzxvSgFsH8pOzrpDReX+jD2+UPL1MTXovAvhXCPAC5nRGLr9HwgNMlLfC9MpfCiIwAct07Lh0IGhvhiJOAVr2h4tAxkYIgvRsJ... | \cot ( z - a _ { 1 } ) \cdots \cot ( z - a _ { n } ) = \cos { \frac { n \pi } { 2 } } + \sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { n } A _ { n , k } \cot ( z - a _ { k } ) . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABACAAAAADQNvZiAAAFXklEQVR4nO2b23mrOhCF/5zvNKBdAi3olKCUQEpgl6CUgEsgJdgl4BKgBFMClDDnQVxtJHwB+8FZLwGBZomFZjQakw/hvfHPqwfwavwK8OoBvBq/Arx6AK/Gv68ewLNxRKvx+ce7LYMf5GZ8/nYuoIkm528ngHp3Ac6xEATPQ8bWeDbf4gz4/CyfM44X8S0KcB4ytsaz+RYFOA8ZW+PZfG+YCAEcDk1kW6XfQ4DqcEQn/CgLNF9H4Fi00VaCMAvX18Y2fBZQqIRYxKA... | \Omega _ { M } ^ { \flat } = \Omega _ { M } ^ { v \flat } + \Omega _ { M } ^ { q \flat } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMUAAAAwCAIAAAAuBSkNAAAryElEQVR4nH192XIcR5KtR0RutVdh3wmSAkiKWloiW+qWbJ5mXvo779N9u58gszHrGXWL2klRAgmSIABiRwG15RYR9+FkekUV2J0mo8BELhEex92PL5EU/+///h8i0lobY6SURGStJSJjjBBCCCGlxA/GGPxKCKGUklLiLiLCSdyeZZmU5Hme1lpKaa0VQlhr8UBrrbUCt2itlZA4iChNU611lmqllPSUlNII0loLITzPE0pqra02PACMirTBW6y1nucppXBBlmX4qxD... | \angle D O E = \frac { \angle A O C } { 2 } = 2 7 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAr0lEQVR4nO2STRGDQAyF33ZqIEjAwiIhSNhKoBI2EqgEkFAkrAWwgARWQnqgLTvDTy+9td8tyZu8N5kYxTGnD/OfE5RZYczlegMQpcjKlcDb2mvOUQCMPIVtC9fVLSB5vZeBKFpg3A/ZslRAM5Tybp2TcRcjHGMQrmjp6pPAwauq6pQHTVjfYYi8nwEAGBLT+rXKkaVmNrN0XyygG3g6ygDA0YZFQs/9Upj/V39J8ABWkJOVIxu34wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" | \mathbb { P } \xi |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAA9UlEQVR4nK2TXXXFIBCEh54awAIWthKohFsJsYCFXgmNhCLhIiGRkEgACdOHHn4SculL52kz+2UX5hwUMdbLH/0emN+Uel/rtzqu2D/EpnnVmy4WWy3akdyAz2Lh2BeSpIG9BKLgQZK0zeAWcPnHJ8AD+B4CFoY9UHMIAbdhUB6YrqIsszQkl1LLusIn2FyvMGXAazVxX0sp/YrGArD01wRkK6xhfwZA58V7e98GyEt8egJkBVgZAckfEu0Bn8w0BO74wgiY95s9GDU... | \boldsymbol { \theta } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAiAAAABgCAAAAAABJZaFAAAK/klEQVR4nO2cy5mzuBKGvznPJKATAh2C/hDwdnZ0CHIIcggQAoSAQxAhmBAgBNidrc6CuyTExQa7e/Ru2m0wVSoKqVQS9ZeEwzHPf96tgOOzcQ7isOIcxGHFOYjDinMQhxXnIA4rzkEcVpyDOKz8PX8og+edp4jjM/lrLpMa5dTLS04BZJnvlwl8/0zFHJ/BnINEhAHIL4KiTNgXJ7z+r3Ae8u9jLgaJEgCg7BtIWAnCQVCeqJfjQ5hxkBpNb0HLO0Iv8ziQw3Ug/0J... | \begin{array} { r c l } { \frac { \partial ^ { n } } { \partial \lambda ^ { n } } \psi } & { = } & { ( - 1 ) ^ { n } ~ n ! ~ L ( \lambda ) ^ { - n } ~ \psi ~ , } \\ { \frac { \partial ^ { n } } { \partial \lambda ^ { n } } \bar { \psi } } & { = } & { ( - 1 ) ^ { n } ~ n ! ~ L ( \lambda ) ^ { - n } ~ \bar { \psi } ~ , \... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAyAAAACgCAAAAADRQ1fxAAAXNElEQVR4nO2dzbGrvJaG3/1VJ6DTGbAjuCUP7qwnIgQcAoQgQoCbAYRgQkCTO0fVEZjqHnR1Vw+sELgDfiywweANtvDWMzi1j+UfbPRqLS0tLX1VsFgsY/z17guwWEzGCsRimcAKxGKZwArEYpnACsRimcAKxGKZwArEYpnACsRimcAKxGKZwArEYpnACsRimcAKxGKZwArEYpnACsRimeBXCaQUYvjIZOv8N372hRbT+UUCke636x70vqyOh4nWUUQWHr9d/Z0P4Ur... | \begin{array} { r } { A ^ { \mathrm { ( o u t ) } } = \left ( \begin{array} { c c } { \frac { \ell ( \ell + 1 ) } { x ^ { 2 } } + \kappa _ { c } ^ { 2 } } & { 0 } \\ { 0 } & { \frac { \ell ( \ell + 1 ) } { x ^ { 2 } } + \kappa _ { o } ^ { 2 } } \end{array} \right ) ~ . } \end{array} |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMAAAAAgCAAAAABh8yhZAAADmElEQVR4nO1Y23HjMAzc3FwDbEEtoAWmBF0JTAlMCUoJUglyCUwJcglyCVQJex/Qg9Qrdu4jyczhx6ZELgFil8DoifjZ9uurHfhX+/EB/D58cx0AGAEADFd9Zu/CHJp3QFzxSZfeLzcUTs4gb40+rQzAIwu1AOhJkn2oDMo2HE5OrTMAAFPfNXtjHhXpka1eQzqNw5E8DoCMRueQJK2904FY2Da0DjD9Y56rVbplifYYMsJaa63t+UEAmFNA4t4D9eXoCPxjruueRnc... | \chi N = 2 \pi \times 0 . 2 5 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUAAAABACAAAAABOjPHCAAAII0lEQVR4nO2c25WruBKGv5k1CeiEoBQ0Icgh0CFACHIIEAKEgEOAEFAIJgQUAueBm7ja7cvqmR7/L5tLGal+qUpVJfX+o+WDZ/DnT3fg344PgU/iQ+CT+BD4JD4EPokPgU/ir5/uwPOoawApj548B+sAoQBwtnumRPfvLyAQ6rNDF+Ot+9uhjHjd953LSrj2A+IiF4SMn29/AzSI6S4Ari9uQUA4tqa9F7/DB5bg3HBzubzSfDs4B1nd39Tae/MrCCwR0Psm6khA8PI... | P _ { W } \propto Z | B | _ { I M F } ^ { M } P _ { d } ^ { N } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAABACAAAAAC44CNzAAADcUlEQVR4nO2Y3ZmqOhSGX89zGsguIVNCpoRYApaAJcQSoAQpQUsgJZgSpAQoYe0LYEbYooPZuL3wuyJ5SPKy8vOtsBJeW//9a4B7egPG6g0YqzdgrN6AsXoDAiFENH4CYPjcRbR+AuA2qvXygLmOar44YFVkUe0XB9ymce2XBswbF9fB/3+HY0pVXvLSa3CbGgA2/uEuZEmV3SCa06NdrJ5waVrZ8v5LU3p5L154kwDMceIQtFGDmuUjWO3wPzXjj1wVn9Ww7m/uiWg... | V _ { i \neq m , n } = \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi 5 0 ^ { 3 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABgklEQVR4nNWV0XmEIAzH/9evC7ACK7ACK7gCNwIdwY6gI+gIOIKOoCPACPShhySA7fW7p+ZFTMyPBJJ4i3hN3l70fx3w3tBt87ZNmqk+Nvaq+ryOpVgJAJoriy0ssRTuqwR0v5bUAuCzpUhhvEMMXSvXzqTV/TCCGNhGA6B8rMWTlByw09jodw6QLf/oSNaGnw8FeAm4lj+VvfiGAizQ/eYfDSR7JwCP5wIYrgA9oJ4IQPBTItc4Axph3I5DKc0L8ZQwg90hvUYPwNl... | 6 . 7 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAAAgCAAAAADIqyKIAAACCElEQVR4nLVW25GtIBDs3ToJkIIpsCGwIbghkAKGgCFICBrCMQQJ4RCChND3wxeKtbe2itM/ygDzaGYYPog3oJVq/+cbYObj/+MNEbgghN4Gn+X1I8CMbhs8CiuPo9dQUHGXlGV/Nuzrl34dp1DYgOn5VOR0SApT5GZEBchDUvaQhwh4fRKVjcCrVtTijQbCEwCCA1BtgZCT6GZOVVp+K7rt53lznk9tMpnMl30CElpAVlpc/Rmq3bMxdxbJen/5piAnRd7l62xIcu7... | H _ { M 2 } ( \rho ) = 1 + \frac { \rho _ { - } ^ { 6 } } { \rho ^ { 6 } } , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKoAAAAaCAIAAACo3lCgAAAdyElEQVR4nJV62ZIsx5GdLxGRS+1dVb3ce0HgAgPRJI3pA/UB82maxzGZxDGIHFIE7tZ715ZbRLi7HrK7gSFoFCceyrKisjIjfDnuHn7wn/7pvzvnhhRV1QXf970LQVXRzLOL/VCXpQ6JmVFNzVTBHKlmQyDCnPOQUwghi5roIkxyPzjjEEJmHmIUTSV77aNHKsiJCPnQa24t12eLZmiHYSjMzMyCy6bmyDkXFDUmzOqR0EBMkzNhFAcA4EUBwBDMLJgjAAVERFQ2M1I... | a x ^ { 2 } + b x + c = a ( x - x _ { 1 } ) ( x - x _ { 2 } ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAiAAAACACAAAAAAXYY0HAAAPjklEQVR4nO2d7ZWroBaG33PXbYBbAlMCpwRTglOCKQFL0BK0BC1BSwglhBJCCdwffgQQjZkkY+Lh+TFrNMa48RU2sDf+0QgE5vnP1hcQeG+CQAKLBIEEFgkCCSwSBBJYJAgksEgQSGCR/259Ac9GCQBgpNsSCuZm4G52J5C2hFDgWbdVixZgpAgC+Sl/djiS+qUUOQ+SKI9NtOnVfDg79EGkyqDyYUvFQR+PsEOBtFFCUQ5bgm15LZ/PDgUiGDjUoJA2VCAPsUMf5Kt... | L ( Y | \Theta ) = \prod _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } \lambda ( t _ { i } ) e ^ { - \int _ { t _ { i n } } ^ { t _ { f i n } } \lambda ( t ) d t } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABdElEQVR4nO2V0XGdMBBFjzNpQC5BKUEuQa8EUoJeCUoJtEALSgl6JYgScAl6Jdx8AH7AYMsz/klmsj8Ml93DXWkFT+Jr8e2L9f8BnwHcr5frzx/X16P6cnl+vr4C+jgmXyRNhmGrFpsk9ZiiFqALRZIipm5UV7SqLQBYScqQH2LyM6BCbK2BwwLcd+J4e7kBGM/YAuScAEaM2zOW663Vwto0cXNXQ6yL7D8H6Aln8gQRqQ4xb+W8z6o5BjvoLOZdGAxg05ta4j6r5tw... | \sim 3 . 2 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABQAAAACACAAAAABxB5tUAAAcv0lEQVR4nO2d7bmrLNOGr/0eTwPcJbBKcJVASnCXYErAEmIJWkIsQUoIJUgJoQTfH5rEL4xfiXFnzl8rK0ZQ5HKAmeFPAYIgiO/k/7auAEEQxFaQABIE8bWQABIE8bX8OwJo7NY1IAhiZ/wjAmij3x+1dSUIgtgZ/9u6AmtgwwQ8FltXgyCInfEvCGAUWSbl1rUgCGJ37F8AbZiAZd7W1SAIYn/sXgDtQQNn0j+CIKaz+0WQowYCmv4jCGIGf3YeCheFAHK+dTUIgtg... | n ( \rho ) = \left \{ \begin{array} { l l } { n _ { \mathrm { ~ w ~ g ~ } } \qquad } & { \rho < x _ { 1 } - x _ { \mathrm { ~ t ~ } } ~ \mathrm { ~ o ~ r ~ } \rho > x _ { 2 } - x _ { \mathrm { ~ t ~ } } } \\ { n _ { \mathrm { ~ e ~ f ~ f ~ } } ( \rho + x _ { \mathrm { ~ t ~ } } ) } & { \mathrm { ~ o ~ t ~ h ~ e ~ r ~ w... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABACAAAAADQNvZiAAAE0klEQVR4nO1a3bmjIBA92W8bYEuwBbcEUoK3BFOCt4SkBFOClqAlaAmhhFgC++C/zKAkbrj3uzkvMcjgcBiGA3rQ+Nn45dsB33gT4NsB33gT4NsB33gT4NsB33gT4NsB3/jt24GHoJQId2rq8C2l8LGUxU5N/fgp8CbAtwO+8VASPCnEkVGqFCCfdujVeIQAdQUys/h6gfx+BPBT4Hpo8ce8A8TCNKiBvdamF4KPgAgXBSBKjDtXOtTLFxBQtj8Nmu4qJEaCMBhhGGg... | J / \psi \rarr \mu ^ { + } \mu ^ { - } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeAAAABACAAAAADn1PsTAAAJRUlEQVR4nO1d2ZWjOBS9njMJqENQhYBDECFQIeAQIAQ7BAjBDgFCQCGYEFAIzIfAZnnCEotN9dT96G6zPaGrt0qiDzV+8Tfjn0834Bfb4pfgvxz/froB/1PIGxB4bxB0+PXBn0B8AQAehY8DEdtG0q+J/gTSCwCgPPlSHzjdthL1S/AHUMb8XNRFCOTHuIS6+el5IwX+CSa65E6X57kq4XHhdpcr5BL/6auMAUB5ypsjYbK8SQbUO8eVey6Xnx+8imyrJtV1XSCs5t/... | \mathbf { R } [ X ] / \left ( X ^ { 2 } + 1 \right ) ~ { \stackrel { \cong } { \longrightarrow } } ~ \mathbf { C } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAABACAAAAAAmWiTTAAAFaUlEQVR4nO2a7ZWkKBSGn96zCbAhkAIdgh2CEwITAhWCHYIVghUChqAhlCFoCO4PUQHRqpmeqd2aU++vBi9wX7hfUP028mfjr/9agd+NF8Fnx4vgs+NF8NnxIvjseBF8drwIPjv+9wTb+mvj//41avw2tO987UL3MILnuh5AZkofSdXReQ0XsoRYV3fZtn+41G0HSJnlcukdH4JqXVBWB3JmSyYPBBpbmEwAZjtWeKOyxvU+hqAGhLHWFhLQ+4IJgib9PSbYK0BX/Tj... | x \approx 0 . 5 1 3 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASYAAABFCAIAAABosdzNAABO50lEQVR4nK29V5Mkx3U2fNKUaW/GLdYAXKwgkKAoBSUxJMZHXUihG+lH60YKUYaUSIAhCgIJt4uZ2Z32tmzmd/H0OZPdPTNckG8FYjDbU12V5pjn2FRfffrrPM+997/61a9++tOftlqtH//4x3/yJ39SurqqKiLSWjvvvfdEpPiy1l5fXzcajS+++OLk5KTVaj1+/Pg3v/nN9fX1119//c477/zkJz+5vLz8+c9//jd/8ze9Xq8oiqIoyrKs61prrZTKttuf/exnrVb... | \frac { 2 } { 5 } = \frac { 2 \times 8 } { 5 \times 8 } = \frac { 1 6 } { 4 0 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXcAAAFjCAIAAABJ5dwkAAEAAElEQVR4nKz9WbMkSXImiqmaucd2tlwqK2vrtbqBGVxyfvC9DxQh5T7ygX+EswgE6EGjMeiuRu1ZmWeNxd1M+aBun39mHqcAUuhScioywt3cTPfN1PT/+f/6f6iqlMvKtVqtnp6eRGS9Xo/jeH9/H2O8uro67McYo6rmnFXVP6eUjsejqqpqCKEZsOu6GGPOOaWEV6zX62EYhmHwG/q+9we79ep0Oh2Px5SSj4ah/Bu/cxgG/6dPz0f2CeScMbcQQkoJD65Wq3EccSd... | \frac { 7 } { 3 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAA6ElEQVR4nNVTwZGDMAxcMjSgFtwCLbgFXwm+EpwS0gKU4JSAS4ASQgmmhM0DMjEKJDN53MzpZUkraVe2K+K9nT7k/wJQA+im1XHNDoL0j6OJfLUaZ8mCn1aOZgyBZDY7tYuBJBndIWBRkYzq+1udnyRJSq8LbSg7pHlPX7GoZA41oAaA69Jg6mCRYPzqCbwAJG+4kCRzL6Zl9k0mrWtJ51eZ/Zaa8aRtSAZZSdrtWNc9YvOX1z2Va6tVDsB4jWVouz8X4qWJpBWxDAZ... | \tau _ { \mathrm { p h } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAsUlEQVR4nO2SQQ2DQBBFH00NYGEsrIW1gIVaWCSAhCIBCyABJLASioTfQ5MyJKW99NbOafL3Hf6bbCHez+nD+68A523tMlUAGEdonrG2uZbxsUxMz9ADilwlSUPcsn2Hql4B1vC6ZC4bWoDZDgCzS5uB7ADfIfW6WZQUXOiBapF6BskOAJOkaFqcxM7CAJpcZyfhLzkaQEidt/QWcwlAovMSW4cUQpIkNbvrFv9f/SXgDtcswwFJS2biAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | N |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAWAAAABACAAAAAAB0fISAAAHeUlEQVR4nO1c3ZmjOhI9s99NQDcEbQiaEOQQ6BBwCHIIdggQAg4BQoAQIAQIofYB0C/CuNu07d4+D9MYw1HVoVSSSmb+EH6xJ/7zbAN+On4F3hm/Au+MX4F3xj/PNuAraK5dBy5S9mxDVvDnjWcRfxumRJc3vH5hhd9Z4D+sFED3X6jzs02J451zsFQCAJdonm3JCt45B5fjnxfOD3hvgSd0EADQXE0gi9fJGe8vcNMgBZAfrXPiWcaEeOccPOKEMwe645kUiKiAInq... | [ \alpha _ { i } ( k ) , \alpha _ { j } ^ { \dag } ( q ) ] = \frac { 2 \pi } { k } \delta ( k - q ) \delta _ { i j } , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAAAgCAAAAAAuriuJAAAC+UlEQVR4nO1Y3XmjMBCc3HcN6EqgBaUEpQRcApSwKkEuAUqAElAJpgQoAZWweeBfYCC241xyNw82rGdHu9JaK3hh/Gz8+uoAPhv/E/zu2EzQ6j854PSpfFY4nwDeBImGmWmb9Ffj93b6CqfiORP9WZgnWNeTGykA0NuZnhrQo+Gt4MmN14UCIJJXJZ8a0YMx32QCAyTMzNyYziRN7JZu3wfeLhqF0DUACIo6EwX6yTE9FH6bSAJ3aq8UAAcASX73KKm9W+JW+AmKBGW... | \begin{array} { r l } { \sum _ { \mathrm { k = 1 } } ^ { \mathrm { N } } c _ { \mathrm { j k } } x _ { \mathrm { k } } + x _ { \mathrm { j } } - y _ { \mathrm { j } } } & { { } = x _ { \mathrm { j } } } \end{array} |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAoAAAABACAAAAACv0ZliAAALJUlEQVR4nO1dz72zqhZd3/29BrglcErwlIAlmBLM6wCHd6glaAmxBCkhlBBKCLM35Q38h4oJGnNOcuOaHCO6QVhuYLPk/DHYseP38NdvF2DHZ2Mn4I5fxX9+uwC/DQGw3y7DJ+PNCShI8ND9SaEBcmooqGX9lwGQGgBA6Q+V5FPxxgRMpJZgle/lRVn/jeL+3LdMOdTX4Vr/lGUBIA4AQMoCIDHzIeCkJEnD5HQn5T28MQEZE3LB5UogJgAsRiUyjwHKRGdRl6hqdxh... | \tan ^ { - 1 } [ \beta H ] - \frac { 1 } { 2 } \ln \left [ \frac { \beta H + 1 } { \beta H - 1 } \right ] = c _ { 2 } - 2 ( f ( u ) + g ( v ) ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAkElEQVR4nGP8z4AfMBGQH5kKVoedZXiPqoAFhfe+PN3l3ipUFf/RwO67qHxUExjer36vxIDHhHcuZ84ovUMRQlXgMhOCcVmx+uxuBgaGe7i9uSeUgQHdm4zICUZZUJCBYc9uF5yOZNj9//9uBlRHYgT1njRBFD6KI43fM7xfvRtPOJxxKQ89gxayjKOpmkoKAL1+raOU/u/kAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | \tilde { \theta } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmAAAABACAAAAACYM5QTAAALSklEQVR4nO2d7ZmjLhfG7/lf2wBTAlsCUwIpwS3BlGBKMCVoCaYELUFKkBK0hPN88BVFxYxuMvv4+5KNYw7n3B4BAdkPwsnJcfz3agdO/m3OBDs5lDPBTg7lTLCTQzkT7ORQzgQ7OZRfr3bgZC+quFLdFxm80JMhH+c42D/EB2QKQD3ukf9qXxrepQbLmHi1Cz+EBaUUIABAiEza/76vyC723qQPFj/O/HJjSakM7RUX3PZ3flO2w0/jZI/egVyUr3bhh7ColAeURDR... | \vec { P } ( \alpha ) = \vec { P } + \left ( ( \cosh \alpha - 1 ) \vec { n } \cdot \vec { P } - 2 \kappa c \sinh \left ( \frac { E } { 2 \kappa c ^ { 2 } } \right ) \sinh \alpha \right ) \vec { n } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAABgCAAAAAC/TCZFAAAEcUlEQVR4nO1a25GrOBA9d2sT0CSwtZoQdEPQDYGpjcAOgQnBhIBDgBBQCCiEUd3/rbJC6P0AjDAeIUZS7XxwfpBl6DnTL3U3/kH43vjj/yawhYNgLA6CsTgIxuIgGIuDYCy+PcE/M8v/+3f4vU/rltwE//3nrzgBP/KWW/pnrPzMPqhFrITcBGWshMwEVbQG8/qgeb2xSBF5Nah5LL/cBKNdMDPBeBfM64P25YPHysiqQc1mfte3ca/dJyOrBt9Nc1+/WFpcQ5FXg7M... | v = \sqrt { \frac { \mu _ { E } } { a } } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAWAAAABgCAAAAAAGffckAAAL00lEQVR4nO1d0ZmjvA49c7/bgLcETwmeEkgJpARSgimBlAAlhBJMCbgEXAIuQf8DAUwwSSBmdzLfnIfdDEkkEEaWLB3ng/CLPfG/f30CPx2/Bt4ZvwbeGb8G3hm/Bt4Z///XJ/COKAyAbH48BcCT6bFvZWBbWAAaAHgO2ELbJN5H9ksoDQcDUJiEd0fShAMwFlrcGPhbuQhtYEoIXgkhAHuwiTjaXWS/iFipCwBzZt3f1xcXpeayaQEX2Q6vW1kvfSw0pCTKYiIialo... | { \frac { g _ { \tiny \mathrm { U V } } ^ { ( a ) } } { g _ { \tiny \mathrm { I R } } ^ { ( a ) } } } = { \frac { \sin { \frac { \pi a } { k + l + 2 } } } { \sin { \frac { \pi } { k + l + 2 } } } } { \frac { \sin { \frac { \pi } { k + 2 } } } { \sin { \frac { \pi a } { k + 2 } } } } = { \frac { g _ { ( 1 , a ) } ^ { [ ... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA0AAAACACAAAAAAHCFa3AAAcBElEQVR4nO1967mjPM/1ur/ra8BPCUwJTAlOCaQEUoJTApQAJYQScAmhhFBCXILfH5x85JCQw57t9Wdm9nhLlkDYkiX5P4mAgIBH8f8+PYGAgJ+MYEABAU8gGFBAwBMIBhQQ8ASCAQUEPIFgQAEBTyAYUEDAEwgGFBDwBIIBBQQ8gWBAAQFPIBhQQMATCAYUEPAEggEFBDyBjxpQk3+Se0DA8/jvk+UMB3H9IPd/FGUFIM4+PY2PQJwEgCx+I8uPrkCcfpL7P4q2AUA... | m _ { i } ^ { t } = \frac { \sum _ { t _ { i } = 0 } ^ { t } p \left ( \boldsymbol { O } _ { i } \mid t _ { i } \right ) p _ { 0 } \left ( t _ { i } \right ) e ^ { K _ { i } ^ { \rarr } \left ( t _ { i } \right ) } \left [ 1 - \mathbb { I } _ { 1 \leq t _ { i } \leq T } e ^ { \mathcal { R } _ { i } ^ { \rarr } \left ( ... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAAAgCAAAAADIqyKIAAABgklEQVR4nO1W7W2DMBS8VF3gdQQ6gjMCGYEVyAhmhGQEMgIewR4BRoARzAjXH4QPkdROm0SqqpwEnMTxTu+eDWyI5+LtyfVfBn/N4FQUbuIbd6m+02DnBMXnULcvpHmIwfuCu1oBLgEAHDPpH2IAztCqHWktrU75CCwNqEWfWapZJTcVsFqXofvLiIzJ3NYKANNVkG7d7CmZqKjh2u+bDOEsZ69SajLNSfqkIj3sutsZY6d5FutwNmhhSVZCUg9V1q3XM23HZ0pra4Y... | \delta A _ { \mu } = \epsilon _ { \mu } ~ . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA2AAAABgCAAAAABeEU7lAAAOxklEQVR4nO2d7ZmrrBaGnznXaYBTglOCuwQtIVOCKcGUMClBS0hKiCUMJcQStATOD79AgaCgZhzuH++eeSdZrA8WoC7wg8Hj8azFf/ZWwOM5Mj7BPJ4V8Qnm8ayITzCPZ0V8gnk8K3LkBMsve2vg+fMcN8HyzzPdWwfPn+e/eyuwEvm13FsFj+eoM1j+ed9bBY8HOOgMVuKHlJ97a+HxAB+HLZX6AKLH3kqsTn2nJQlPwd56eBT4BPvV3M81ACD93lkRj4JDLhH/DPc... | \phi ^ { ( 0 ) \prime } J ^ { ( 2 ) } + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \phi ^ { ( 0 ) \prime \prime } \left ( J ^ { ( 1 ) } \right ) ^ { 2 } + \phi ^ { ( 1 ) \prime } J ^ { ( 1 ) } + \phi ^ { ( 2 ) } = 0 , ~ |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAAAgCAAAAAAuriuJAAADrElEQVR4nN1Z0bWjIBC97tkGeCXQAlsCKcEWSAlYginBlGBKICVoCVqCljD7gSAoGpOX3T3Z+6NBuHJnhhkwGeH/xs9/PYHvoL216DmXuW+53/qRScWCTvS5kGDamEpADFOLgqyNhmjmTp8sEKwhIhoEhG3QkERE1az4wwUqe60BQ0TUAdZ1Atp3+vH3V87bYLS9cuAOAFdwAQCQuPlOnyxQcnsdAQ4ALaYGib51nT5ZoEMPlgPAHSJom/CMwMtXVqxbr6cQlr34lWV... | \sim 1 . 7 2 \times 1 0 ^ { - 2 0 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAA/0lEQVR4nN2TUXHGIBCEN50aOAtYoBKohFRCLGAhFogEfgkXCVQClUAkbB+AlM4k7Wun+8LM8eXudplMxM96+uX+TwHHy3ZDsCrA8lIdMIBeAm3EfggelxOmmuSrPTZkc7tDRs6A/2qcSjvbDosjHaRfFwsEksmgAgWRDLVIkrM1MGQSNMCbaqQ51cAiSMUptQJmJUk/Ol0QvfYcgpQ6CMsJRDh/BmWX/hVyBzLMmaT2so5OB2B2vWghpXcQdCAjdmB0OreN0TxWSW+... | \Delta x |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAAyUlEQVR4nO2U0RGCMBBEF8cGzhJiCaGEsxUsISnBFqQFSiAlkBJICaaE+CHMmEgQBv9k/+4u+7Jzk0kRsE2Hjf4d8JcAW54umwDXu0w6x/SItxAiC+g+OmmCujTNuV6RKUnQ6J4AXQ00N/ZvSwFaEUDeMADA2bUJjHs5xbd7cwALCcDRALB+HPBCgAMA36ih1GYczHw74V0SfQgVPUJezHEdA6AEC+7ydsVErLKAFl1oZ+xTinZgIWfWNa3oJbq1bgDF/q3vgF8Anio... | \rho = 1 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABOAAAAFgCAAAAAA3WFnTAABS9UlEQVR4nO29S66rMLT3+T9Xt1kP+bRL+iSOSlV9b6km4AyBPQQi1QRgCDCArwFDCEPAA6hGPIJPQTWCuHG7JVENXgbM+xGS+Nc5OQnbXjZmsWyvtfwng8FgMHwm//FqAQwGg2Ev/vPVArwfacoAACKWxLJJ/mVUfjiiZgAc5cdDap5AIVwaS0moXXy5RLhmCWdDxmlqnVY6Q4fMMA+f3bMsyx4MbhJaJMy/Da37UTVnWZYwuOW3R9Q8gVy4p5uPKuuWfztfuHYJJyP... | \begin{array} { r l } { h ( \Omega , r , \alpha ) } & { = h ^ { ( 0 ) } + h ^ { ( 1 ) } \Omega + h ^ { ( 2 ) } \Omega ^ { 2 } + O ( \Omega ^ { 3 } ) } \\ & { = h _ { s } ( \Omega , \alpha ) + h ^ { ( 2 ) } ( \Omega , r ) \Omega ^ { 2 } + O ( \Omega ^ { 2 } \alpha + \Omega ^ { 4 } ) + . . . } \\ & { = h _ { s } ( \Omega... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAAAgCAAAAADYwvk4AAAEwklEQVR4nOVZ2bGjOhA9d+om0CloQtALQQ4BhyCHIIeAQ8Ah4BBECBCCCEGE0PPBJrF7uTVV886PUQNS91GrF/zF+H/ju/ttqlAqaeOVux6vm1sFIZUoag2gatTHFQTqOtSnvsvko9NzCxsJDa+ilIkfBwQhAQAZM7MVxq+++CocAXYYeQLKcX399vQ9AV4AubU2NZoAsfp8Rtk48ATD7FKl8k4g5ccZUAgJsAgJSJO3p+8J4BJQ3aXpNnQBWeQcKeDi+158mgEDGRL... | \Sigma _ { t } ( \delta ) \approx - 4 i t _ { \mathrm { ~ e ~ f ~ f ~ } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAABACAAAAAAmWiTTAAAFhElEQVR4nO1a3bmbOhAc3y8NqAWlBKUEuQROCaQEuQRRAi4BlyBKgBJQCaiEuQ8IzM852BjfJM71vFgW1qJhV7sj4QPxd+Of3z2B/xpvgq+ON8FXx5vgq+NN8NXxJvjqmBA8HnqUv2s+T8e38Rc1tMSj9o7Do3H6URtPxYSg3W/vCc9oCn8xCNmOmfFLNJZszdfXfwVaA7ARK7O8hcNkP+h99yklQpaB/kf4VfvF80+b1rM+Fc7qQ1U/gqgeNzyhmxsFQKUNG1NAUUm... | \bar { I } ^ { r } = \bar { \beta } n _ { t h } / \Gamma _ { m , \mathrm { e f f } } ^ { r } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMAAAABACAAAAABpBycDAAAFaUlEQVR4nO1a27HjKBA9d2sTYELAIbAh4BDkELghoBCkEKQQrBAgBBOC9LEBiBB6PvSwkMD3Ic11TZXPl6GhoaGhmyO/Ef5u/PPsCezFy4Bn42XAs/Ey4Nl4GfBsHG2Az3+d8uP1pNX+e8BgS1jf2neujtaTVnv4DmiWZd29XHfptl/QMxWd27SknbhJgF+DKlnNPysVSLTWQsf1SABAIFzomYvytuq32wChWyPQLmoqMf+88X7ZVmsi4kVUj1Raa23ieu7FlgUa9xv... | V _ { Q M } = \frac { 3 c ^ { 2 } } { 4 } \frac { ( - 8 + 5 c ^ { 2 } z ^ { 2 } ) } { ( 4 + c ^ { 2 } z ^ { 2 } ) ^ { 2 } } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUAAAABACAAAAABOjPHCAAAGP0lEQVR4nO2b4ZGsKBCAe68uAS4EU2BCYEJwQnBDwBA0BCcEJwQMQUPQEDSEvh/qCNIIPnff3r3iq5qtaXCatoGmQfcDIXKFv37agP870YEXiQ68SHTgRaIDLxIdeJHowItEBwYyOcqjAwN5OMqjA0OY7h1/fpJV0YEhsLppWEVW/ZADm9vPtPuLFkw5pE1JVv39Neac5Sm+S3PHicLXkCY7IcSCYf0Rk8ldDfRFqONQ1OMX0ydfrXFFtlRhj1lvCkEWqHr7XjuuMad... | \sum _ { \alpha , \alpha ^ { \prime } } O _ { \alpha \beta } \Sigma _ { \mathbf { k } _ { 0 } , \mathbf { k } _ { 0 } } ^ { \alpha , \alpha ^ { \prime } } O _ { \alpha ^ { \prime } \beta ^ { \prime } } = \left ( \Sigma _ { - \mathbf { k } _ { 0 } , - \mathbf { k } _ { 0 } } ^ { \beta , \beta ^ { \prime } } \right ) ^ {... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAk0lEQVR4nO2SUQ3DMAxEL2PgQQiFUAiFUGghmMIohEILoYNQCimEFcLtY4rmStb6t6/6J6e793G2EojfczvJL8AFnuM9hDDu1qMZhWh9ZCTj4ZCXF0kWVBdYkLsYvq7pMEO73NySc8xdJhfYY9/FAqYD5PM2if4WA5QkW8LkA02Q66RilzzeYc0AUBabM1yf9l/AG6jyxiIl64YdAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | o |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASAAAABACAAAAACfa/WyAAAHAElEQVR4nO1b23XkKBC93rMJsCFoQmBCYELAIcgh4BDkENQhqENAIUghqENAIdR+CBCgB1KPx7vnWPfHLTWP4lJVVBXtF8KFPfz1Xwvwf8dFUAYXQRlcBGVwEZTBRVAGF0EZXARlcBGUwUVQBt+VoNuP4OH+8gG0ry8vP97GRUv6jqiLaOElBqonOtiQNP2WGvRe8Oj5zov2vSYaFMa3tPFXbtz/BzpceIOKZENERCWQqNC31KAELSRGCQAogUf85UUQcOfFqKaPfPH... | v _ { t e } = { ( k _ { B } T _ { 0 } / m _ { e } ) } ^ { 1 / 2 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAA/UlEQVR4nO2U0W2EMBBExygNbErgSqAFU4IpwSnBKQFKcAt3JSwlmBK4EkgJkw8QEN0hObqfSGG+ZuWdp939sCFeU/Fi/gT8M8C9vq3eGGPM+ycA4C0v/tV1CFvpBYCdPXOUquCga7mzzJugVOlvz58KABiay0cPAEP/vEvkkF0AQF26vm7uGOrjxh/q6kszLJ4kW5LXCiLx+Ay6WzzpqOVSz0ccdSKTTmvL7uJ4BJBkgtsAEYCfSLZt1gRzUjaARPWQqK1MD8FDgNg... | \approx - 1 . 5 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAANAAAAAdCAIAAABUsHVJAAAd1ElEQVR4nH18WXMbR7J1Lb2hsROACAIE98WSbI/HnvHjje/HfRHf4/1FfnZ4IjwRHlmmzJ2iQIogSGJv9Fb1PRx0qgj63n5QAM1Gd1XWyZMns7LF//v//V/OudZaKcUYsyyLMaaUUkpxzjnnLDu01vjAOcfFQgic55wLIfArXCOEwEn8in5r3ipNUzyC/qqUYlIsPRS3wmX4E56Cz5LxpeHRn3CSzuPnijMMVWstpdRaYxj4FS7GE/HZYjpNU5oUDdu27TiOcSvLsnC... | a + b = - 3 + ( - 4 ) = - 7 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAg0lEQVR4nO2Syw2DQBBDHxEtOEWkCbaJpYm0kyqWIqCJpAeyRTgHPhKCkAuHHPBlxrLlkaUpzD4uP/TTcIThXQP4OyrZ3klohmHbKcZ+IyHJdgkE7lwBujoA0KUw55TQ5OdIFAfhJhaGOJGcx7t5UVOviWi1AHaP1G7VfMh2cf7k3xg+QG1nOAcAGqEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | c = 1 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAABACAAAAADAXy3SAAACxElEQVR4nO1X7ZGjMAx9udkGfCX4SvCW4JTAlgAlsCWQEkIJoQQoAZdASoAStD9IYskfZI65nbmZjf7sygg9pCfJyoHwvfLrm/2/AF4AL4AfDVBV6fP2fZEHbzv945x+UOLYK35wkNP0I8AHAKhLeNJ2fRb75IR5APAJdFeg0PcDNwAIR7o7TgpZOdqaqxRKDWimzlaoRERk6ugtJhNGpsUAFii5PisbfkKEKKXkL8QAAM4SsZQGs9oMgGhC75WoTAcAVpyYIN+npca... | E \left ( r \right ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMAAAAAgCAAAAABh8yhZAAACh0lEQVR4nNVY4ZmjIBB9ue8a4ErgSqAFUoIteCVoCV4JWoIpQUuQEqQEKWH2ByRRMBFWd+98v1h2RuYNvGHChXBu/PjXAezF6Qn8DGbMH1OJlE/0Wud8Zxi6AQBUAIBGA4CUca7kIweKYPIlagYAXbzDOqZWPL/TZYBspzjPVQIp8UydPIAAUQsJ5PeoeLRfSGCqxrSlu4MIDAxwSyecgVDErNh7oD8FBZEDVgoa8SGEBEyvD4sqAUogB252jPgq4hForr9/XdWRgcV... | j = 1 , \dots , { N _ { \mathrm { ~ c ~ l ~ } } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAABACAAAAABe5SpyAAABQUlEQVR4nO2VXX2DQBDE/+GHgbOABSoBC1QCFoiEVAKVkEoACUECJyFImD4sSTjCXfPYh+zb3c7uzM7ycRDpyP7IvwGvAnIAxiOU97vZQ93cTpKk/qnwrCWMYngCVCHFDOXpkf0anNtogLJ6APxKkGkAOu1HtjRY1wTxGsCvVMc6xBqYSFbG7IlMSSDHfPxeziO+abcUTVjTBxRI2rQPNeSm4bSAvN+Zon+q2kwxpFwgS/sI1qGIA9AETPv853YS6qCI5KFWltiUuas... | E _ { i } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAuAAAADgCAAAAABnKoz8AAAja0lEQVR4nO1d6XmzvBI9uc/XAG8JSglKCXIJuARcApQAJUAJpgRUglWCVYJVgu4PNgFisY3xpvMjIc6AhDwMo1l/NBwcPhf/e/YEHBweCcfgDh8Nx+AOHw3H4A4fDcfgDh8Nx+AOHw3H4A4fDcfgDh8Nx+AOHw3H4A4fDcfgDh8Nx+AOHw3H4A4fDcfgDh+N/549gVeCipRSLPS+ZdxvwI+LB2+g9imB3HnFxpz2rHG/Ak5FaZEQApBYRF8y7lfgNgZXh/3uL1Irz+X... | \begin{array} { l } { \left \| \theta _ { h } ^ { n } \right \| ^ { 2 } + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \left \| \theta _ { h } ^ { n } - \theta _ { h } ^ { \ast n - 1 } \right \| ^ { 2 } - \left \| \theta _ { h } ^ { n - 1 } \right \| ^ { 2 } + \Delta t S _ { h } ( \theta _ { h } ^ { n } , \theta _ { h } ^ { n } ) } \\ { \leq \De... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAA8ElEQVR4nL1TwRGCMBBcGBvAEtJCLCEtYAmxhGvBFmIJUoKUACWEErCE8yFcEhJx/Liv5W4nu7M3VIx91F/2vwlO1Xmll2O/sEPYjyPUQvsbpvyFHjA5BQva8GHQrDQSNDAyRbvSYDE+oQsOkSCJoGUuDjaOoGQcBCqOYGUsFtMURwgOIvjQQvDNIlwpzaBEML9bMI9E4MNjBBDz3KQhewDPN+sAA3RtmsECIGZmZ7yG41kNaQ8K2sIQaTvzoDRplxblAWJ/J+eZmfl... | \mu |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAcAAAABgCAAAAACvJf31AAAKQ0lEQVR4nO2c7XmrPAyGn77XWcBnBK/gjuCMQEegIzgjkBFgBDICHgFGgBFgBL0/+ExiCC4OgVPuP22CQArCkm1sfRAO9sx/7zbgYBmHA3fO4cCdczhw5xwO3DmHA3fO4cCdczhw5xwO3DmHA3fO4cCdczhwCVn1bgsOBy7g/PH59/RuF34cbyN+yrnwqquWyXutOBz4U4pzDOAzy/lbzThC6E8pAgCQKN5rxp/3qt8xsvkr3mrFL3RgxOXkcV37pmKzrlb58+SeYad... | \phi = \phi _ { q } = - \frac { G M } { R _ { u } } = - \frac { 4 \pi G \rho R _ { u } ^ { 2 } } { 3 c ^ { 2 } } = - \frac { G \rho V _ { u } } { R _ { u } c ^ { 2 } } , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmAAAABACAAAAACYM5QTAAANVklEQVR4nO1d3Zmrug5dc7/bgG8J7BI8JTglMCWQEkwJUEIoIZRgl4BLCCXgEnwe+DNgwBAYZs7d6ymTCViyhCTLsvgw+Iu/OA//dX6rciCk30zKX/wb8R/Hd/qes5CmN/3t1OyHupqAt1Hebh+3q4k4Hi4FS6OE0fAZ/CINiz+vpuBtEE7xL3QaDgWTmQQAJCr9ZmI2QPcmS8Zfnz+YUl8QhksVTJWn3NahYLmuFYyw7JQhj4D6tKaD8uI6Sg6EArty+Ns5YYaZQIR... | \frac { \partial } { \partial x } = ( U _ { G } ^ { ( \pm ) } ) ^ { \dag } \left ( \frac { 1 } { w } ( a _ { x } - a _ { x } ^ { \dag } ) \mp i \frac { w k } { 2 R } ( a _ { x } + a _ { x } ^ { \dag } ) \right ) U _ { G } ^ { ( \pm ) } , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABACAAAAADQNvZiAAAD2ElEQVR4nO1a4ZnqKhA9932vAVrglcArAUvAEtwSsAS3BC3BlCAlLCVsSgglzP2REGVCdmM2yv2uOX8WZ8nJ5DDMDNFfhNfGP6UdKI1VgNIOlMYqQGkHSmMVoLQDpbEKUNqB0lgFKO1AaawClHagNF5egH+5oa4BPTQp8SyPng1isADOiaURgOTT/hpkt4BLPm0DsHvGWhRBRgCF6vbj3gEwT3KHo3aufuwdBgJ4KAR//ezeYaDkY70YxWmzebYANaS+CYGwha15Vnw... | M = m _ { \mathrm { H } } + m _ { \mathrm { H e } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAAgCAAAAACwFCwpAAAB9ElEQVR4nO2X3ZHbIBSFz2bSAC3QAimBlMCWQEpAJcgNZMaUYE0qgBJECdBBoIPcPEhO1vqxZTG76wefJ6QLR9/cqwvSC+Gx9eWzAW7pCVirJ2CtHh7w68c8JqWtMzm/vP4gwF+/t86UnwJY/rR7l84ASwDnKAGQdVBvddD7jWmqzDURRRVnkes6nZzql0PZ7DeeAzqHSNS7bevNvxHryYiVSfF+47Pm20ySygL+7gIbDvDFSBnu7zNe2ge1vRcOAAwrwSxGrK4wXgK... | N _ { \mathrm { e v e n t s } } \pm 3 \cdot \sqrt { N _ { \mathrm { e v e n t s } } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAABACAAAAADAXy3SAAAC80lEQVR4nO2Y23XjIBBAb/ZsA7RAC7TAlsCWIJeAS7BLkEuQSpBKsEoQJYgS2A+9BjnOxlbyk+P5Eg/PhXkBfkt8r/z6Zv0vwAvwAvxAQHgbJWw7js8TUiaVBeCUd6hTn56VDSBVAJi1o8l4j8vWBwqAbrERGiieN9B7TrZAvbQCWPWFgA58BujA7NB/AwhgtbRRHLf0ZYAOk9uo2wnYRhG4VAF67TBpj2x20ILBKgjd0rFvA+8BlGOxUTcG6g7JN+QgpXRlsZGD57M... | N _ { \mathrm { K S } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABTElEQVR4nO2V33GDMAyHv/S6gFZgBa/gjEBHYAU6Ah2BjpCMYEYII5ARzAjqgzGYP218l5der3pCJ+lD/CQdJ+U5e3my/i8AXlfeucMCdODs+4cRYOyxDujOGIGx1x8AoXa2fhPb+gCnFa8feRsBW2Pkfuf6CbSFGGDs79eO2oYeF9ON1QDigzMA1HOsotym6w4wANBOngUkhjy4xwAtAczkFCmtpthlHwAuANySZzvTmhxAeGs1dSMAQ6T5LMAi4wBtSqv2yUcAD0C... | \mathbf { w } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABACAAAAADQNvZiAAAFTElEQVR4nO1b4ZmrKhA9ed9rgFsCW4ItmBLcEkwJpgRTgpZgSpASYglSgpQw94eggOhq9mW577s5f7JDQIbDMMOM2RPh78Y/sRWIjTcBsRWIjTcBsRWIjTcBsRWIjTcBsRWIjTcBsRWIjTcBsRWIjX9jTaxqCZbzWNNPiGUB4pNnmfy4RpreAs0YWtqNYdjds3fFloioTwciogzF/ilfA9sCuvNu2rrLfoqvnTPyDAC1vANAgXr/c16D546AulZsb1/WuAyMGAlIoAL... | | t _ { - } ( \omega _ { + } ) | ^ { 2 } = 0 . 9 9 6 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAABACAAAAACPAi4CAAAB/ElEQVR4nO2X0ZGjMBBE315tAkpBKehC4ELgQmBDwCFACHYIdggiBBQCDgFCmPvANiMj4aP246qu3F8aC/W0pmds/CF8Dz++ef5N8CZ4E9zweV/8DM4AU7AD8PviDEBnRoDwCweE4rxmkBt6XwO28f0cNYC5RTL62kB1HmQF9Br8Ehmo1WZt1J6CroGJpLlYaaiLZA00gYMuV6uOOr2Rd+EaRYfM+TzBYdIcJ5e+wOoK0309XSodtU0u0ZOCR85YclvGBVb4TH8crsf... | W _ { s } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAtklEQVR4nOWSURHDIBBEN3WABSxgAQuthFigEhoJtZBKAAkgASQQCduP0GnCXNr/dn+OG97csXcMxGedvtz/GrC0GHqCq7xb4wzPnV7A2GLVHdBaJAMgLYA6a/ENjxHAtQCADCgAKObYRQIQNIDJdsCwrvuibQplNCF52aZXMHEGbCVZnbu73maNJHMkSZrIrHtgo1lvM2EXi5JGvVFVmfS5ZYPwadNkUW7HFUjm91GqIE3y74EnIuDmXn6OvfUAAAAASUVORK5CYII... | \omega _ { \mathrm { c } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAABJElEQVR4nJWTUXHDMBBEXzolcIWgQjAFUTAFFYIKwYGgQDAFUUghmIIKYfthx5KSODPdD89YftbdrVYn8Vpv/evl4/P3jlAnB1O/0gOJ5NwrwFtJpGPgSlQxfwwEshS5HgHFCNJCOAImBhYpsBwAzmWilInPgZkkb0Xr4wngrax/d5NWYG1usCK1ZlVg7S0xSZH8CNwMck6dWTswMUvaGmgm3YG9rrnOrBuQ92OOJGmk3AHjPnuxoTWL24ytclPxfYsasX4/nz3x6xK... | \mathbb A |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAt0lEQVR4nO2TSxECMRAFGxwMEmIBC0FCkLBIiAYkLBLWAkgYJCwSYuFx4FObAMudYk5Tb7qqk0llIeZr+WX+e8DlsNucb912tX3GuteYooG5JLdJ/mwklQ6iVELMMb0DpACuLk2jGughH618BmRYGDQDdJDqpNlDBGsWUfMOVEdoFesA/YxibwOcPitGc4XGUQExSxmy5H0LDNFLWksawXxMpQWM+0spAviLIj/mcsMmF1n8/wUAV9ayXptOr93dAAAAAElFTkSuQmC... | x |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAiAAAABgCAAAAAABJZaFAAAKQklEQVR4nO2d65WjuhKFd991E9CEQIegDgGHgEPAIYgQIAQIAUKAEEwIKAQIoc4PwLyFeNjj9uhb66zTqDGoYVuUSpuaL4LBsMz//nYHDO+NEYhBiRGIQYkRiEGJEYhBiRGIQYkRiEGJEYhBiRGIQYkRiEGJEYhBiRGIQYkRiEGJEYhByf//dgc+niTKYAMMtrvQ8NZ8GT9ITZ641pMO/YenALKrHS81vDHmEQMAyC4/FTtygOvyZl5xALDdJFpoeGeMQADAu6AIDwm... | \Delta \hat { \sigma } _ { t } ^ { + + L L } < 0 \quad \Rarr \quad \left \{ \begin{array} { l l } { \Delta \hat { \sigma } _ { t } ^ { + + R R } > 0 } & { \mathrm { f o r ~ H ~ } , } \\ { \Delta \hat { \sigma } _ { t } ^ { + + R R } < 0 } & { \mathrm { f o r ~ A ~ } . } \end{array} \right . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAWAAAAAgCAAAAAAJJf1IAAAFPklEQVR4nN1a3ZnrJhA9my8NkBJICbgEXIJSglyCXIJcglWCXYIoQZRgSjAlTB70B0gIZO3N5rvnYbWyh+HMYQQD8hfhd4ZuTIWnsbL+KQZ/pgzsWZf3/4JJgEsjWravyXNhL63WBoVQN1Eco5Mtw4I3JSBQpkx+DUqInS0WwUqiCncieqE6yCZfhoB3KoOvWvzQ01Vrfd3XtWDalmP2aMUEBwwvATDwY2R2yBDy3h6ODuz14Zgfxouh3dlEzi0qSCIiVhIRtbs9+dg... | \pi ( m _ { 1 } , . . . , m _ { n } ) = \Pi _ { k = 1 } ^ { n } \pi _ { k } ( m _ { k } ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUAAAABACAAAAABOjPHCAAAGTUlEQVR4nO1b3ZWkKBi9s2cTYEIgBSYEOgQrBCoEDUFD0BDKECAEDUFDkBDYB1FR1LKKmp3ts9yXRkA+vHx/QPUPg4gQ/PWnJ/DdEQkMRCQwEJHAQEQCAxEJDEQkMBCRwEBEAgMRCQxEJDAQkcBARAIDEQkMxN9/egLfCgrgm6qogddR/1Jt/TNbV35/DdSaHjf2J23XRgeZim3dAKAZcrfD99fArDps0jcdPvw8RNX3AFKylrfVQN2unxnBfxz147DpVoYqIEh+e1g... | F _ { \Phi + X } = 3 + 6 / \gamma ( 1 + \varepsilon ) ^ { 2 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAgAAAABACAAAAABJ1JBjAAAGaklEQVR4nO2c63WrOBSF9501DWhK4JbALYEpgZSglEBKsEuAEkwJuAQowZQAJTA/8EOPoxdhxcOS9i/bwOGTspF0JJFfC5Ji1l/vBkh6r5IBIlcyQORKBohcyQCRKxkgciUDRK5kgMiVDBC5kgEiVzJA5EoGiFx/vxvg/6F5QPFuhvcoGQAAMPyLSJdFUxcQuZIBIterCxgbZFw/oRnBsw2Br1fhC8uRM/WM+Ssn7ifpPJ823HoLjEVuzkNjLk9lwG1RdQMy7Ucf1ap... | \forall x , P ( x ) = P ^ { + } ( x ) = P ^ { - } ( x ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASAAAAAgCAAAAACXn/roAAADUklEQVR4nO1Y25GjMBDsvXICXAi6EJSCLgQ2BByCCMEOwYRghYBCsKouARSCFYLug4f1Aml37XtU0VWuwtJMdzM2w8CbxY4tfPvbBv517AXKYC9QBnuBMtgLlMFeoAyiAmmh0RWllkd+NekTFE/QGXEIF860NbQotTzyq0mfoHiCzoi3cFBUxbTlkUYR8uGkr+k+QWdEVKAXQMvmSJvX67wEYQ+SrYDR6/FKmoLIVmmplmNpUIsy+iSEcr9tUQTufs1dSDh+HJiSLmV... | a \tilde { G } _ { t t } - b \tilde { G } _ { t } - | \mathbf { k } | ^ { 2 } \tilde { G } = 0 , \quad ( a \tilde { G } _ { t } - b \tilde { G } ) ( \mathbf { k } , 0 ) = 1 . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAoElEQVR4nGP8z4AfMBGQHykKWDBEzp4V3NMhiOD/RwPvXP7/Ly9H8DGs2GPMwOByFo8bzjIwMDDsIeRIJawK3neeZWDY8xK3gs6zYQyzOjX2MDDcc0EyDcn97wRXzfz/P61jd9o7hCiKN13K///////MGWQxlIAyRiJhAFnBvffvsfgIbtaZd+W7Bf+jGI/qBheXd/+VlDAUMI6maiopAADUQadUC+a51wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" | x ^ { 0 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAABACAAAAAC44CNzAAADFklEQVR4nO2Z25WbMBRFt2elAbVASqAFWqAFUoKmBLsEUgItKCXYJeASoATlQ2C9eMjBwzhrsb884ozvsZCOLvZJ8958fLeBNQ6DWzkMbuUwuJXD4FZGg/eTw22v6p9O0c/H6B87COgHqgKQ6qr3o1NSAHnTesOqFoBoWq1xh4F8R3cGCchotAGuWmvtrsEeyPe6uw+mK95B5uBvkhsgdrDkI4bKHv2F7Az4Bnug2MeVQzFU9rj01MNL574XDPd9grxOWE5Jogjhu9B... | J > > V |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA4AAAAFACAAAAADIKE0WAAA9+klEQVR4nO2d7Z2zqtPHf3t//g1wleCWwJZgSjAlmBJMCVqClhBLkBKkhFiClMD9QqOAqJiYh93D98U51yYGBmR4GIbhS8Lj8byL/3u3AB7PfxmvgB7PG/EK6PG8kf+9WwDPfwxeAgDS7q+iCeI3CvN+vAJ6XkuZARgUsMnA8zdK83a+vBX0r9MUtk/D8NVy9HCBsgBaAgAQ3wJp8iZRPgE/Av55WGb7NHi1GDcoIAqAdx0AoQzMK6DnDxNWYBnIpf+TZUAF0DdKRN6... | \begin{array} { r l } { | u _ { 1 } ( d ) - \exp ( - \frac \pi \beta ) ( c \eta ) ^ { \gamma _ { 2 } } | } & { = O ( c ) } \\ { | u _ { 2 } ( d ) - 2 \beta ( 1 - \exp ( - \frac \pi \beta ) ) ( c \eta ) ^ { \gamma _ { 1 } } | } & { \le O ( c ) } \\ { w ( k _ { n } , d ) , u _ { 3 } ( d ) } & { \le 6 } \\ { j ( k _ { n }... |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAM0AAABXCAAAAACCKp6QAAACUklEQVR4nO2a23LDIAxEl07//5fpQ9wYjISlBJuVh31ok5nW6KALku2U8SD9zDZgqBYNrxYNrxYNrxYNrxYNr35nG2BVAnDaUz7LN1FokumvgkRaOn6Rgy4IDWDImjiRVsB0gi4Ozb96GRSOplsOYtDYKtpJFdguQngjRDFJp9n3IzHgmGyQaQ6epcCx6CRvcmYBqTZYM0r0TZUv2ZqCBFLzhsUnAJodVW3TIo0KBsAWMKkfKIH6NEORlWhS59skZdGmBipGL1AY3k0... | \beta = \frac { u } { c } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGAAAABACAAAAADAXy3SAAACpUlEQVR4nO2YwZGjMBBFv7c2AaWgDUETQjsEJgQmBDkEOwQIAUKQQkAhDCGgEP4esI3wYIxZu2oP/JNKavrRrW5ZZke8V7/e7H8DbIANsAH+C8DvF/k5BLjJheUR7HdhZlW0n154VYpE3VlYniLX6jXkJyJY5f9hBPEEE6BzlD469JtZB0SrAcSyhTY+mOPVvGxVm2WpB85LGpLWkk0OknQZrCMzTZImJ63qGkvSgmRncrIzNnHwCICG5OCBtChIVnBkgW+yw/E8TzJ... | U _ { \mathrm { E } } ^ { \mathrm { s i n g l e } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAT0AAAA6CAIAAABNixnGAABKJElEQVR4nH292ZLrOo8mCoCU5ClzDbv+jvP+T3NeoSNORN3+p/ZeQw62NRBAX3wkRHtVtS4yMp2yRGKeyf/f//5/3Z05MbMTubs7u7uqMbO7M3NKQkSqamYunFJKxGbGTrjcPYvgfncnImY2PI3xNFVVEck5MyVVHbLEzSLi7mamqpITPsTnRGS4iEQEn9SVuDMzM4sIfmF3MzMlItq2DcsQERZXVXcXEWbs0fHUWK0L4/f4L37RQlgD/ptSwp9s9ea2OiJj80JEZoW... | | 3 x - 2 | = 2 - 3 x |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAABACAAAAAC44CNzAAAEBElEQVR4nO1Z7XWjMBCc3LsGdCWoBbkEpQSlBFKCKIGUgEuwSkAlQAlQglTC3g/Awkh85OHkcu8xf2ykZT0Su7Mr/EL42fj1rwls4SR4FCfBozgJHsVJ8ChOgkdxEjyKO0F/fbu8Psfnx+U177aMmr3eqEfNeUVPQ6tQrluUfKergaBjaA9RmkNifb1SP17X4FJKDjlcM0gpUdwJVveZJ6FEtjbdop4POY7pthdgpSOir0oSjtUoNELMh5gEsnApWZUx/LMsvqp4jAE... | \{ v _ { i } , v _ { j } \} \not \in V |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQAAAABgCAAAAADXmvNUAAAHUElEQVR4nO1c3XmjOhA9ud9tQFuCUoJSAi6BLUEuQSmBlIBLsEuAElAJuAQoQfcBG/QHQkBi+G7O0wJakI5mRqM5ct4U/t/459UdeDV+CXh1B16NXwJe3YFX45eAV3fg1fj31R1YBdmCsOhHJtSBkQOkGnlWESCf8Y79EiAAUONOA6DRrqfG3zFwDX9m3wSg0O8UQKpdVgQYxg8w6wUVQOrgZ3YdBCm+rDuJ9u9zi7z38tJ8BgAsQ/s3/JE1k/StSECFaQLC8ABh2EP... | N ( r ) \leq { \frac { N ( b ) } { 2 } } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABf0lEQVR4nO2V3XGEIBSFz+5sAzclkBJogRZMCbbAlmALUoKWoCWsJWgJWMLJg6CIbmY2+5bJfQH84MD9QS7Ee3Z9c/1fELiFdrhDY0Cl8wk5uPda4MSWcQJJkg0qkrTy4N5yYCqS9AplmLAIeDGBi9+tz0Gla5JkDdSpgI3DGnYnkAMTFnZAsYAliA7BRQW3i0AOBJgDim3Qi1sCaRQO4FHYEJp41BsA9OmmfZKIA9BNyA0Q0nCsg/nw5QhmB6sSF0x6UpO48AT4cov... | 0 . 0 3 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAwUlEQVR4nOWTUQ2DQBBEXwkGsHAWsLAWsEAlXCXUAkgoEjgJRUKR0JMw/QBC2tzR76bzc8nOzszuJncSxyi+8L/VMF/6dEO5PP3MOfpkhySpayUzpVACzOc74NIZkuQrSW7MO4R6GmJjqyTsalscnvh75/ymebdH0o1RMpdMUAFMGFDl7xAMYmi30mVnr1BCnDwMNFt1+lxzZNSzatMjqIRAmPv2mh4BJLNH+kbL0hI+Ty9r1jn3NeLQQKf/+hdZvADX3v0DtQcxQwA... | \beta = |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAaAAAACACAAAAABohuIHAAAMLElEQVR4nO2dy5GsOBaG/5poBxTjwAQTs5hlB22C0gTKBNIEpQmZJoAJiQlgAjIhMaAXsBgDmAVPocNblLhx+RZ9swUlCR0dodcvvkpcnJl/2M7AxTSXgU7OZaCTcxno5FwGOjmXgU7OZaCTcxno5FwGOjmXgU7OZaCTcxno5FwGOjl/2M7AFIUE1wKzDI6zOIoERBRkvAYxkO+O8rzEDpG9nAFi2d9/hAsAcIMF8Rpkb74VzmugXJD1x8fSBxUAE3H89gA3n43XGLv... | Q _ { 1 } A = { \left ( \begin{array} { l l l } { 1 4 } & { 2 1 } & { - 1 4 } \\ { 0 } & { - 4 9 } & { - 1 4 } \\ { 0 } & { 1 6 8 } & { - 7 7 } \end{array} \right ) } , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAA50lEQVR4nO2US3XDMBBFb3pCQIWgQjAFBYIomIIDIRRiCDEEDYSKgiBEEKYLn9rjJtEmux6/1Xz0rjSz0EF5Tx9v+nfADngAlOnzNEfydZbacJ3kKcDTFwBqKTG41/5x9W9HyGEGiHNd4/7iTbLdQSAD0uXQ8DPargVUh6tA8dJ6wNjb7GhiCXQ5MPU1X5fiee1f5gGwE2wAOeIq2SFmBZeHB2wrx23XZ0qktYLJC5gTBlAdeJkCSFyrf0foCmRL1EW3pJpIqne+tal... | M = 4 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAANklEQVR4nGP8z4AfMBGQH1UweBUIMTKuxqvgPQMDfgUMDAxKaPz/KGBVaAeqwH/G0RQ1jBQAAJ80IyD/nT2VAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | \cdot |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAB0UlEQVR4nM2VXZHjMBCEP18dAR0ELwQtBAWCD4IDQYZgQ0ggJBBsCBaEBIINYfbB+s9WXe3ty/ZLNJKm1dMzKTfC9/Drm/k/iuA5vDVN8+e8HOHQFDgdu9dT0zRvw54xiMdFhR0rIiK2fOgmIrIZZR/bTaPWkCaN74J7p+1gccBogWFSOmTvzswAf++3Dtjfn3qtFcz0x68CdSh4xFd6ZhGRC8arhUs4CwSj2gITzCJidcx/ePI2pG0QT4OJe+c9MBoWgOgJExbAPfF... | 2 7 0 |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYAAAABACAAAAAA2M/9jAAAHgklEQVR4nO2c25WkOBKG/9ozDmhM0JrAmKAygTKBNAFMABPAhMQEMCExITEBTIh9AF2RQJlVNeyc4XvpaloobigUCqj+IFycyX/OVuDfzhWAk7kCcDJXAE7mCsDJXAE4mSsAJ3MF4GSuAJzMFYCTuQJwMlcATuYKwMn8cbYC7zIPEGfr8BM4K6B/fYbPD4vvKuTTwCOi+G9x+3P4rrBIIkx82wv2CvhryMvYO288BwB0mP8ETwGwGU0CYLh1LF4DG68GWxG39i7QfD4... | j _ { \mathrm { i n j } } ( E ) = j _ { 0 } E ^ { \gamma } \exp ( - E / E _ { 0 } ) , |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAABACAAAAACPAi4CAAAB5ElEQVR4nO2XXbWjMBCAP/asgVjIlZCVEAu1kEpIJVAJICGVQCUUCSABJMw+lJ5lAqXcc9/2ME9tMvMl8wsUws/k1w/tD8ABOADbgNv5qyiKovi6jJ8IsiKlhVA1TQpgqjWNf7ICeFg4dc/fFbBNWAJKZROAx7cAQZ/ZAKfvACIQlAIw7AdUgFX6fIiCTmN/AaKZLzmg351GD9jsikDce4P7HYjLQ7aKSQGugDmp/RZA+bQB6O/ASWu3AHYn4AbPoM2hK2tashDmObc... | Q _ { a } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAxElEQVR4nLWTQRGDMBBFH0wNYAELIAEL1VAJ1UIlUAlEAliIBJCQHiDtbtiGS/tPmcmb/3eT3SKQVxkPbfGWU0SIWsYr0AzjEqQQ5x7oQ6JSmHmg+1rDDtQnwMFAATNUOWC2EiTggea/Dt66TyKOCQKwSxCAXcJPHewmdISR8AHMv06BbIQ7c1hTBz8DcBEROuFWDWmEBlytIjzJvD33+ZSAmlgX+X0/7sAk9mWKN1uR3j2Ato59ruJZtwU01G0Oxdn6vwC9FoEdwrc... | L |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAAAgCAAAAAAuriuJAAADJUlEQVR4nM2Y7bmjIBCF3+SxAbcEtwRuCaYEUoIpAUvQEmIJsYRQwtICJYQS3B+JN4rG7/Xu+RMlA5zhzAzCoWI3FCWIbK/ZTkAmCPaaD7AuI9xtNgUnx64OEsY7Tvaa67jjlD+CtQoWttOkVoahLeqnJFo3EmwQornfEG+QZq6AWKwfh/UOJrmVSbMhVytHJMrQxWb1drWC6qKvDc0s/7CQ5MxfvdVFJolcM0rXCzgA5+b3WV9FFcV7Xmv33AmmYL2DLQkXC+i0BbR... | { \boldsymbol \sigma _ { f } } = \nabla \cdot \left [ - p \mathbf { I } + \boldsymbol { \tau } _ { f } \right ] |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAABF0lEQVR4nI2TbZGDQBBEH1sxsBaIhDkJWOAkYGEjAQuJBCIBJCwSgoRFQt8PSCV8Jde/ppjHVk/vbCY+y33p4+B2zn4HGC8/2fmyJdRaSt6naHVSoNZKKH9IBSGPUoBiA0STZNBIKiBsgFBLaf7zWmz6wqLUTAfsiigpwFFfSJJhh4ADxp7iMKgT0IEtv/a3Lh99WQFMFtLi2CtBUuur2cPawsOXkqSWICGldTzVc2gjye1YuD8959xw0LMcohvxT6DHQYf5xQhv9YC... | r _ { 0 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAAgCAAAAACwFCwpAAAC4ElEQVR4nK2YvZmkMAyGv7ln0wu4ErwluIBLPCWwJTAlQAlQwlDCTgk4uXxdAo42uWQowRcAxj8CfDCKjB+9WJJlS3AxOC2t/vsdTebF+RcDwNsL3nHjbz+Psq3+8zueFWIZm9PS43kcBqfMLheFF0RQZ9lxFt0O/OPwu61IMghpsu/cCwwEO44GzkkdabzAQHV8h33nql/X93cVKLwgB1XpPEi7clJclRtB2Wfy9tEHKudPMXr3YZZyVd+VrFvG/acxpg4NmiNYoSZ... | \mid q \mid = \sqrt { q \overline { q } } = \sqrt { q _ { \mu } ^ { 2 } } . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAqAAAABTCAIAAADPxyIMAADA4ElEQVR4nOz9V5Bcx5kmgGaec8r7alftLRreA4QjQQIgRRKilxlpViMzMSGtm9in3Y152d3nfdiN2bh37kysdmZiVxyKomhFgQRhSIjw3jZMW7Sv7q7q8u6YvA9fZXa2QROWZkb5gChUV506J81vv//76dTUFCGEMUYIoZQSaeDN+YNSOueTXzgYY3f/lfu4/pc/KKWMMcZMSilVGP8vm/Ok+C+llFnlh8JHxIQv/qQPZR5wkfmL+1AuPvOAjBGiEL5tVFVljFmWZZo... | = - 6 \sqrt { \frac { 3 \alpha ^ { 2 } } { 2 } } = - 6 \sqrt { \frac { 6 a ^ { 2 } } { 4 } } = - 3 \sqrt { 6 } | a | |
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